diff --git a/.github/test.sh b/.github/test.sh
index 85683b91..80de1fcd 100755
--- a/.github/test.sh
+++ b/.github/test.sh
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ test_api() {
          -X POST \
          -H "Accept: application/json" \
          -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-         -d '{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw"}')
+         -d '{"url":"https://vine.co/v/huwVJIEJW50", "isAudioOnly": true}')
 
     echo "$API_RESPONSE"
     STATUS=$(echo "$API_RESPONSE" | jq -r .status)
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 193ddd01..4ac2daf3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -36,3 +36,27 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Run test script
         run: .github/test.sh api
+
+  check-services:
+    name: test service functionality
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      services: ${{ steps.checkServices.outputs.service_list }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - id: checkServices
+        run: npm ci && echo "service_list=$(node src/util/test-ci get-services)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  test-services:
+    needs: check-services
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        service: ${{ fromJson(needs.check-services.outputs.services) }}
+    name: "test service: ${{ matrix.service }}"
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - run: npm ci && node src/util/test-ci run-tests-for ${{ matrix.service }}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ada2f51a..7276b065 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -20,11 +20,13 @@ this list is not final and keeps expanding over time. if support for a service y
 | coub                           | ✅            | ✅         | ✅         | ✅         | ✅              |
 | dailymotion                    | ✅            | ✅         | ✅         | ✅         | ✅              |
 | instagram posts & reels        | ✅            | ✅         | ✅         | ➖         | ➖              |
+| facebook videos                | ✅            | ❌         | ❌         | ➖         | ➖              |
 | loom                           | ✅            | ❌         | ✅         | ✅         | ➖              |
 | ok video                       | ✅            | ❌         | ✅         | ✅         | ✅              |
 | pinterest                      | ✅            | ✅         | ✅         | ➖         | ➖              |
 | reddit                         | ✅            | ✅         | ✅         | ❌         | ❌              |
 | rutube                         | ✅            | ✅         | ✅         | ✅         | ✅              |
+| snapchat stories & spotlights  | ✅            | ✅         | ✅         | ➖         | ➖              |
 | soundcloud                     | ➖            | ✅         | ➖         | ✅         | ✅              |
 | streamable                     | ✅            | ✅         | ✅         | ➖         | ➖              |
 | tiktok                         | ✅            | ✅         | ✅         | ❌         | ❌              |
@@ -46,8 +48,10 @@ this list is not final and keeps expanding over time. if support for a service y
 | service    | notes or features                                                                                                    |
 | :--------  | :-----                                                                                                               |
 | instagram  | supports reels, photos, and videos. lets you pick what to save from multi-media posts.                               |
+| facebook   | supports public accessible videos content only.                                                                      |
 | pinterest  | supports photos, gifs, videos and stories.                                                                           |
 | reddit     | supports gifs and videos.                                                                                            |
+| snapchat   | supports spotlights and stories. lets you pick what to save from stories.                                            |
 | rutube     | supports yappy & private links.                                                                                      |
 | soundcloud | supports private links.                                                                                              |
 | tiktok     | supports videos with or without watermark, images from slideshow without watermark, and full (original) audios.      |
diff --git a/docs/run-an-instance.md b/docs/run-an-instance.md
index a440d11d..d31a67f5 100644
--- a/docs/run-an-instance.md
+++ b/docs/run-an-instance.md
@@ -56,8 +56,9 @@ sudo service nscd start
 | `API_LISTEN_ADDRESS`  | `0.0.0.0` | `127.0.0.1`             | changes address from which api server is accessible. **if you are using docker, you usually don't need to configure this.** |
 | `API_URL`             | ➖        | `https://api.cobalt.tools/` | changes url from which api server is accessible. <br> ***REQUIRED TO RUN THE API***. |
 | `API_NAME`            | `unknown` | `ams-1`                 | api server name that is shown in `/api/serverInfo`. |
+| `API_EXTERNAL_PROXY`  | ➖        | `http://user:password@127.0.0.1:8080`| url of the proxy that will be passed to [`ProxyAgent`](https://undici.nodejs.org/#/docs/api/ProxyAgent) and used for all external requests. HTTP(S) only. |
 | `CORS_WILDCARD`       | `1`       | `0`                     | toggles cross-origin resource sharing. <br> `0`: disabled. `1`: enabled. |
-| `CORS_URL`            | not used  | `https://cobalt.tools/` | cross-origin resource sharing url. api will be available only from this url if `CORS_WILDCARD` is set to `0`. |
+| `CORS_URL`            | not used  | `https://cobalt.tools`  | cross-origin resource sharing url. api will be available only from this url if `CORS_WILDCARD` is set to `0`. |
 | `COOKIE_PATH`         | not used  | `/cookies.json`         | path for cookie file relative to main folder. |
 | `PROCESSING_PRIORITY` | not used  | `10`                    | changes `nice` value* for ffmpeg subprocess. available only on unix systems. |
 | `FREEBIND_CIDR`       | ➖        | `2001:db8::/32`         | IPv6 prefix used for randomly assigning addresses to cobalt requests. only supported on linux systems. see below for more info. |
diff --git a/src/core/api.js b/src/core/api.js
index 8eb4cb40..5f4ee804 100644
--- a/src/core/api.js
+++ b/src/core/api.js
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import cors from "cors";
 import rateLimit from "express-rate-limit";
+import { setGlobalDispatcher, ProxyAgent } from "undici";
 
 import { env, version } from "../modules/config.js";
 
@@ -26,7 +27,7 @@ const corsConfig = env.corsWildcard ? {} : {
 export function runAPI(express, app, gitCommit, gitBranch, __dirname) {
     const startTime = new Date();
     const startTimestamp = startTime.getTime();
-    
+
     const serverInfo = {
         version: version,
         commit: gitCommit,
@@ -81,38 +82,23 @@ export function runAPI(express, app, gitCommit, gitBranch, __dirname) {
     app.use((req, res, next) => {
         try {
             decodeURIComponent(req.path)
-        } catch { 
+        } catch {
             return res.redirect('/')
         }
         next();
     })
 
-    app.use('/api/json', express.json({
-        verify: (req, res, buf) => {
-            if (String(req.header('Accept')) === "application/json") {
-                if (buf.length > 720) throw new Error();
-                JSON.parse(buf);
-            } else {
-                throw new Error();
-            }
-        }
-    }))
-
-    // handle express.json errors properly (https://github.com/expressjs/express/issues/4065)
-    app.use('/api/json', (err, req, res, next) => {
-        let errorText = "invalid json body";
-        const acceptHeader = String(req.header('Accept')) !== "application/json";
-
-        if (err || acceptHeader) {
-            if (acceptHeader) errorText = "invalid accept header";
+    app.use('/api/json', express.json({ limit: 1024 }));
+    app.use('/api/json', (err, _, res, next) => {
+        if (err) {
             return res.status(400).json({
                 status: "error",
-                text: errorText
+                text: "invalid json body"
             });
-        } else {
-            next();
         }
-    })
+
+        next();
+    });
 
     app.post('/api/json', async (req, res) => {
         const request = req.body;
@@ -123,6 +109,10 @@ export function runAPI(express, app, gitCommit, gitBranch, __dirname) {
             res.status(status).json(body);
         }
 
+        if (!acceptRegex.test(req.header('Accept'))) {
+            return fail('ErrorInvalidAcceptHeader');
+        }
+
         if (!acceptRegex.test(req.header('Content-Type'))) {
             return fail('ErrorInvalidContentType');
         }
@@ -219,6 +209,14 @@ export function runAPI(express, app, gitCommit, gitBranch, __dirname) {
     randomizeCiphers();
     setInterval(randomizeCiphers, 1000 * 60 * 30); // shuffle ciphers every 30 minutes
 
+    if (env.externalProxy) {
+        if (env.freebindCIDR) {
+            throw new Error('Freebind is not available when external proxy is enabled')
+        }
+
+        setGlobalDispatcher(new ProxyAgent(env.externalProxy))
+    }
+
     app.listen(env.apiPort, env.listenAddress, () => {
         console.log(`\n` +
             `${Cyan("cobalt")} API ${Bright(`v.${version}-${gitCommit} (${gitBranch})`)}\n` +
diff --git a/src/localization/languages/en.json b/src/localization/languages/en.json
index eecd9ac1..2b10f41d 100644
--- a/src/localization/languages/en.json
+++ b/src/localization/languages/en.json
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@
         "UpdateOneMillion": "1 million users and blazing speed",
         "ErrorYTAgeRestrict": "this youtube video is age-restricted, so i can't see it. try another one!",
         "ErrorYTLogin": "couldn't get this youtube video because it requires an account to view.\n\nthis limitation is done by google to seemingly stop scraping, affecting all 3rd party tools and even their own clients.\n\ntry again, but if issue persists, {ContactLink}.",
-        "ErrorYTRateLimit": "i got rate limited by youtube. try again in a few seconds, but if issue persists, {ContactLink}."
+        "ErrorYTRateLimit": "i got rate limited by youtube. try again in a few seconds, but if issue persists, {ContactLink}.",
+        "ErrorInvalidAcceptHeader": "invalid accept header"
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/config.js b/src/modules/config.js
index 530c5f0b..662d8b05 100644
--- a/src/modules/config.js
+++ b/src/modules/config.js
@@ -48,7 +48,9 @@ const
 
         processingPriority: process.platform !== 'win32'
                                 && process.env.PROCESSING_PRIORITY
-                                && parseInt(process.env.PROCESSING_PRIORITY)
+                                && parseInt(process.env.PROCESSING_PRIORITY),
+
+        externalProxy: process.env.API_EXTERNAL_PROXY,
     }
 
 export const
diff --git a/src/modules/processing/match.js b/src/modules/processing/match.js
index b1378565..9786759d 100644
--- a/src/modules/processing/match.js
+++ b/src/modules/processing/match.js
@@ -24,8 +24,10 @@ import streamable from "./services/streamable.js";
 import twitch from "./services/twitch.js";
 import rutube from "./services/rutube.js";
 import dailymotion from "./services/dailymotion.js";
+import snapchat from "./services/snapchat.js";
 import loom from "./services/loom.js";
 import coub from "./services/coub.js";
+import facebook from "./services/facebook.js
 
 let freebind;
 
@@ -189,6 +191,12 @@ export default async function(host, patternMatch, lang, obj) {
             case "dailymotion":
                 r = await dailymotion(patternMatch);
                 break;
+            case "snapchat":
+                r = await snapchat({
+                    hostname: url.hostname,
+                    ...patternMatch
+                });
+                break;
             case "loom":
                 r = await loom({
                     id: patternMatch.id
@@ -197,6 +205,9 @@ export default async function(host, patternMatch, lang, obj) {
             case "coub":
                 r = await coub({
                     id: patternMatch.id
+            case "facebook":
+                r = await facebook({
+                    ...patternMatch
                 });
                 break;
             default:
diff --git a/src/modules/processing/matchActionDecider.js b/src/modules/processing/matchActionDecider.js
index 8a169f2f..a3d95eca 100644
--- a/src/modules/processing/matchActionDecider.js
+++ b/src/modules/processing/matchActionDecider.js
@@ -73,6 +73,7 @@ export default function(r, host, userFormat, isAudioOnly, lang, isAudioMuted, di
             switch (host) {
                 case "instagram":
                 case "twitter":
+                case "snapchat":
                     params = { picker: r.picker };
                     break;
                 case "tiktok":
@@ -131,11 +132,13 @@ export default function(r, host, userFormat, isAudioOnly, lang, isAudioMuted, di
                     params = { type: "bridge" };
                     break;
 
+                case "facebook":
                 case "vine":
                 case "instagram":
                 case "tumblr":
                 case "pinterest":
                 case "streamable":
+                case "snapchat":
                 case "loom":
                     responseType = "redirect";
                     break;
diff --git a/src/modules/processing/services/facebook.js b/src/modules/processing/services/facebook.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..17dedab4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/processing/services/facebook.js
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+import { genericUserAgent } from "../../config.js";
+
+const headers = {
+    'User-Agent': genericUserAgent,
+    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8',
+    'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.5',
+    'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
+    'Sec-Fetch-Site': 'none',
+}
+
+const resolveUrl = (url) => {
+    return fetch(url, { headers })
+        .then(r => {
+            if (r.headers.get('location')) {
+                return decodeURIComponent(r.headers.get('location'));
+            }
+            if (r.headers.get('link')) {
+                const linkMatch = r.headers.get('link').match(/<(.*?)\/>/);
+                return decodeURIComponent(linkMatch[1]);
+            }
+            return false;
+        })
+        .catch(() => false);
+}
+
+export default async function({ id, shareType, shortLink }) {
+    let url = `https://web.facebook.com/i/videos/${id}`;
+
+    if (shareType) url = `https://web.facebook.com/share/${shareType}/${id}`;
+    if (shortLink) url = await resolveUrl(`https://fb.watch/${shortLink}`);
+
+    const html = await fetch(url, { headers })
+        .then(r => r.text())
+        .catch(() => false);
+
+    if (!html) return { error: 'ErrorCouldntFetch' };
+
+    const urls = [];
+    const hd = html.match('"browser_native_hd_url":(".*?")');
+    const sd = html.match('"browser_native_sd_url":(".*?")');
+
+    if (hd?.[1]) urls.push(JSON.parse(hd[1]));
+    if (sd?.[1]) urls.push(JSON.parse(sd[1]));
+
+    if (!urls.length) {
+        return { error: 'ErrorEmptyDownload' };
+    }
+
+    const baseFilename = `facebook_${id || shortLink}`;
+
+    return {
+        urls: urls[0],
+        filename: `${baseFilename}.mp4`,
+        audioFilename: `${baseFilename}_audio`,
+    };
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/processing/services/ok.js b/src/modules/processing/services/ok.js
index 97bbcf82..33847cd8 100644
--- a/src/modules/processing/services/ok.js
+++ b/src/modules/processing/services/ok.js
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export default async function(o) {
 
     let fileMetadata = {
         title: cleanString(videoData.movie.title.trim()),
-        author: cleanString(videoData.author.name.trim()),
+        author: cleanString((videoData.author?.name || videoData.compilationTitle).trim()),
     }
 
     if (bestVideo) return {
diff --git a/src/modules/processing/services/snapchat.js b/src/modules/processing/services/snapchat.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a93f0933
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/processing/services/snapchat.js
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { genericUserAgent } from "../../config.js";
+import { getRedirectingURL } from "../../sub/utils.js";
+import { extract, normalizeURL } from "../url.js";
+
+const SPOTLIGHT_VIDEO_REGEX = /<link data-react-helmet="true" rel="preload" href="(https:\/\/cf-st\.sc-cdn\.net\/d\/[\w.?=]+&amp;uc=\d+)" as="video"\/>/;
+const NEXT_DATA_REGEX = /<script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application\/json">({.+})<\/script><\/body><\/html>$/;
+
+async function getSpotlight(id) {
+    const html = await fetch(`https://www.snapchat.com/spotlight/${id}`, {
+        headers: { 'User-Agent': genericUserAgent }
+    }).then((r) => r.text()).catch(() => null);
+    if (!html) {
+        return { error: 'ErrorCouldntFetch' };
+    }
+
+    const videoURL = html.match(SPOTLIGHT_VIDEO_REGEX)?.[1];
+    if (videoURL) {
+        return {
+            urls: videoURL,
+            filename: `snapchat_${id}.mp4`,
+            audioFilename: `snapchat_${id}_audio`
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+async function getStory(username, storyId) {
+    const html = await fetch(`https://www.snapchat.com/add/${username}${storyId ? `/${storyId}` : ''}`, {
+        headers: { 'User-Agent': genericUserAgent }
+    }).then((r) => r.text()).catch(() => null);
+    if (!html) {
+        return { error: 'ErrorCouldntFetch' };
+    }
+
+    const nextDataString = html.match(NEXT_DATA_REGEX)?.[1];
+    if (nextDataString) {
+        const data = JSON.parse(nextDataString);
+        const storyIdParam = data.query.profileParams[1];
+
+        if (storyIdParam && data.props.pageProps.story) {
+            const story = data.props.pageProps.story.snapList.find((snap) => snap.snapId.value === storyIdParam);
+            if (story) {
+                if (story.snapMediaType === 0) {
+                    return {
+                        urls: story.snapUrls.mediaUrl,
+                        isPhoto: true
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return {
+                    urls: story.snapUrls.mediaUrl,
+                    filename: `snapchat_${storyId}.mp4`,
+                    audioFilename: `snapchat_${storyId}_audio`
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        const defaultStory = data.props.pageProps.curatedHighlights[0];
+        if (defaultStory) {
+            return {
+                picker: defaultStory.snapList.map((snap) => ({
+                    type: snap.snapMediaType === 0 ? 'photo' : 'video',
+                    url: snap.snapUrls.mediaUrl,
+                    thumb: snap.snapUrls.mediaPreviewUrl.value
+                }))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+export default async function (obj) {
+    let params = obj;
+    if (obj.hostname === 't.snapchat.com' && obj.shortLink) {
+        const link = await getRedirectingURL(`https://t.snapchat.com/${obj.shortLink}`);
+
+        if (!link?.startsWith('https://www.snapchat.com/')) {
+            return { error: 'ErrorCouldntFetch' };
+        }
+
+        const extractResult = extract(normalizeURL(link));
+        if (extractResult?.host !== 'snapchat') {
+            return { error: 'ErrorCouldntFetch' };
+        }
+
+        params = extractResult.patternMatch;
+    }
+
+    if (params.spotlightId) {
+        const result = await getSpotlight(params.spotlightId);
+        if (result) return result;
+    } else if (params.username) {
+        const result = await getStory(params.username, params.storyId);
+        if (result) return result;
+    }
+
+    return { error: 'ErrorCouldntFetch' };
+}
diff --git a/src/modules/processing/services/youtube.js b/src/modules/processing/services/youtube.js
index b3a405e7..7beca2b4 100644
--- a/src/modules/processing/services/youtube.js
+++ b/src/modules/processing/services/youtube.js
@@ -29,10 +29,7 @@ const transformSessionData = (cookie) => {
         return;
 
     const values = { ...cookie.values() };
-    const REQUIRED_VALUES = [
-        'access_token', 'refresh_token',
-        'client_id', 'client_secret'
-    ];
+    const REQUIRED_VALUES = [ 'access_token', 'refresh_token' ];
 
     if (REQUIRED_VALUES.some(x => typeof values[x] !== 'string')) {
         return;
diff --git a/src/modules/processing/servicesConfig.json b/src/modules/processing/servicesConfig.json
index d04a2317..97a2ee26 100644
--- a/src/modules/processing/servicesConfig.json
+++ b/src/modules/processing/servicesConfig.json
@@ -114,6 +114,12 @@
             "patterns": ["video/:id"],
             "enabled": true
         },
+        "snapchat": {
+            "alias": "snapchat stories & spotlights",
+            "subdomains": ["t", "story"],
+            "patterns": [":shortLink", "spotlight/:spotlightId", "add/:username/:storyId", "u/:username/:storyId", "add/:username", "u/:username"],
+            "enabled": true
+        },
         "loom": {
             "alias": "loom videos",
             "patterns": ["share/:id"],
@@ -123,6 +129,19 @@
             "alias": "coub videos",
             "patterns": ["view/:id", "embed/:id"],
             "enabled": true
+        },
+        "facebook": {
+            "alias": "facebook videos",
+            "altDomains": ["fb.watch"],
+            "subdomains": ["web"],
+            "patterns": [
+                "_shortLink/:shortLink",
+                ":username/videos/:caption/:id",
+                ":username/videos/:id",
+                "reel/:id",
+                "share/:shareType/:id"
+            ],
+            "enabled": true
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/processing/servicesPatternTesters.js b/src/modules/processing/servicesPatternTesters.js
index 8b0e4cd3..3fe6bc6c 100644
--- a/src/modules/processing/servicesPatternTesters.js
+++ b/src/modules/processing/servicesPatternTesters.js
@@ -30,9 +30,14 @@ export const testers = {
         patternMatch.id?.length === 32 || patternMatch.yappyId?.length === 32,
 
     "soundcloud": (patternMatch) =>
-        (patternMatch.author?.length <= 255 && patternMatch.song?.length <= 255) 
+        (patternMatch.author?.length <= 255 && patternMatch.song?.length <= 255)
         || patternMatch.shortLink?.length <= 32,
 
+    "snapchat": (patternMatch) =>
+        (patternMatch.username?.length <= 32 && (!patternMatch.storyId || patternMatch.storyId?.length <= 255)) 
+        || patternMatch.spotlightId?.length <= 255 
+        || patternMatch.shortLink?.length <= 16,
+
     "streamable": (patternMatch) =>
         patternMatch.id?.length === 6,
 
@@ -61,4 +66,11 @@ export const testers = {
 
     "youtube": (patternMatch) =>
         patternMatch.id?.length <= 11,
+
+    "facebook": (patternMatch) =>
+        patternMatch.shortLink?.length <= 11
+        || patternMatch.username?.length <= 30
+        || patternMatch.caption?.length <= 255
+        || patternMatch.id?.length <= 20 && !patternMatch.shareType
+        || patternMatch.id?.length <= 20 && patternMatch.shareType?.length === 1,
 }
diff --git a/src/modules/processing/url.js b/src/modules/processing/url.js
index 111f1f6f..180ec6ee 100644
--- a/src/modules/processing/url.js
+++ b/src/modules/processing/url.js
@@ -64,7 +64,17 @@ function aliasURL(url) {
             if (url.hostname === 'dai.ly' && parts.length === 2) {
                 url = new URL(`https://dailymotion.com/video/${parts[1]}`)
             }
+
+        case "facebook":
+        case "fb":
+            if (url.searchParams.get('v')) {
+                url = new URL(`https://web.facebook.com/user/videos/${url.searchParams.get('v')}`)
+            }
+            if (url.hostname === 'fb.watch') {
+                url = new URL(`https://web.facebook.com/_shortLink/${parts[1]}`)
+            }
             break;
+
         case "ddinstagram":
             if (services.instagram.altDomains.includes(host.domain) && [null, 'd', 'g'].includes(host.subdomain)) {
                 url.hostname = 'instagram.com';
diff --git a/src/modules/stream/types.js b/src/modules/stream/types.js
index af4aa2e5..071cb6d0 100644
--- a/src/modules/stream/types.js
+++ b/src/modules/stream/types.js
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ function killProcess(p) {
 }
 
 function getCommand(args) {
-    if (!isNaN(env.processingPriority)) {
+    if (typeof env.processingPriority === 'number' && !isNaN(env.processingPriority)) {
         return ['nice', ['-n', env.processingPriority.toString(), ffmpeg, ...args]]
     }
     return [ffmpeg, args]
diff --git a/src/modules/sub/utils.js b/src/modules/sub/utils.js
index 4a75bc0f..05192d97 100644
--- a/src/modules/sub/utils.js
+++ b/src/modules/sub/utils.js
@@ -45,6 +45,13 @@ export function cleanHTML(html) {
     return clean
 }
 
+export function getRedirectingURL(url) {
+    return fetch(url, { redirect: 'manual' }).then((r) => {
+        if ([301, 302, 303].includes(r.status) && r.headers.has('location'))
+            return r.headers.get('location');
+    }).catch(() => null);
+}
+
 export function merge(a, b) {
     for (const k of Object.keys(b)) {
         if (Array.isArray(b[k])) {
diff --git a/src/modules/test.js b/src/modules/test.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..75bdab26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/modules/test.js
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+import { normalizeRequest } from "../modules/processing/request.js";
+import match from "./processing/match.js";
+import { extract } from "./processing/url.js";
+
+export async function runTest(url, params, expect) {
+    const normalized = normalizeRequest({ url, ...params });
+    if (!normalized) {
+        throw "invalid request";
+    }
+
+    const parsed = extract(normalized.url);
+    if (parsed === null) {
+        throw `invalid url: ${normalized.url}`;
+    }
+
+    const result = await match(
+        parsed.host, parsed.patternMatch, "en", normalized
+    );
+
+    let error = [];
+    if (expect.status !== result.body.status) {
+        const detail = `${expect.status} (expected) != ${result.body.status} (actual)`;
+        error.push(`status mismatch: ${detail}`);
+    }
+
+    if (expect.code !== result.status) {
+        const detail = `${expect.code} (expected) != ${result.status} (actual)`;
+        error.push(`status code mismatch: ${detail}`);
+    }
+
+    if (error.length) {
+        if (result.body.text) {
+            error.push(`error message: ${result.body.text}`);
+        }
+
+        throw error.join('\n');
+    }
+
+    if (result.body.status === 'stream') {
+        // TODO: stream testing
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/util/test-ci.js b/src/util/test-ci.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..ed6962c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/util/test-ci.js
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+import { env } from "../modules/config.js";
+import { runTest } from "../modules/test.js";
+import { loadLoc } from "../localization/manager.js";
+import { loadJSON } from "../modules/sub/loadFromFs.js";
+import { Red, Bright } from "../modules/sub/consoleText.js";
+
+const tests = loadJSON('./src/util/tests.json');
+const services = loadJSON('./src/modules/processing/servicesConfig.json');
+
+// services that are known to frequently fail due to external
+// factors (e.g. rate limiting)
+const finnicky = new Set(['bilibili', 'instagram', 'youtube'])
+
+const action = process.argv[2];
+switch (action) {
+    case "get-services":
+        const fromConfig = Object.keys(services.config);
+
+        const missingTests = fromConfig.filter(
+            service => !tests[service] || tests[service].length === 0
+        );
+
+        if (missingTests.length) {
+            console.error('services have no tests:', missingTests);
+            console.log('[]');
+            process.exitCode = 1;
+            break;
+        }
+
+        console.log(JSON.stringify(fromConfig));
+        break;
+
+    case "run-tests-for":
+        const service = process.argv[3];
+        let failed = false;
+
+        if (!tests[service]) {
+            console.error('no such service:', service);
+        }
+
+        await loadLoc();
+        env.streamLifespan = 10000;
+        env.apiURL = 'http://x';
+
+        for (const test of tests[service]) {
+            const { name, url, params, expected } = test;
+            const canFail = test.canFail || finnicky.has(service);
+
+            try {
+                await runTest(url, params, expected);
+                console.log(`${service}/${name}: ok`);
+
+            } catch(e) {
+                failed = !canFail;
+
+                let failText = canFail ? `${Red('FAIL')} (ignored)` : Bright(Red('FAIL'));
+                if (canFail && process.env.GITHUB_ACTION) {
+                    console.log(`::warning title=${service}/${name.replace(/,/g, ';')}::failed and was ignored`);
+                }
+
+                console.error(`${service}/${name}: ${failText}`);
+                const errorString = e.toString().split('\n');
+                let c = '┃';
+                errorString.forEach((line, index) => {
+                    line = line.replace('!=', Red('!='));
+
+                    if (index === errorString.length - 1) {
+                        c = '┗';
+                    }
+
+                    console.error(`   ${c}`, line);
+                });
+            }
+        }
+
+        process.exitCode = Number(failed);
+        break;
+    default:
+        console.error('invalid action:', action);
+        process.exitCode = 1;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/util/tests.json b/src/util/tests.json
index ba98666a..6f98209b 100644
--- a/src/util/tests.json
+++ b/src/util/tests.json
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
         },
         "expected": {
             "code": 200,
-            "status": "redirect"
+            "status": "picker"
         }
     }, {
         "name": "picker: mixed media (3 videos)",
@@ -113,9 +113,10 @@
             "status": "redirect"
         }
     }, {
-        "name": "age-restricted video",
+        "name": "age restricted video",
         "url": "https://twitter.com/FckyeahCharli/status/1650987582749065220",
         "params": {},
+        "canFail": true,
         "expected": {
             "code": 200,
             "status": "redirect"
@@ -676,6 +677,14 @@
             "code": 200,
             "status": "redirect"
         }
+    }, {
+        "name": "mature video",
+        "url": "https://vimeo.com/973212054",
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
     }],
     "reddit": [{
         "name": "video with audio",
@@ -1055,7 +1064,7 @@
         }
     }, {
         "name": "yappy",
-        "url": "https://rutube.ru/yappy/a06b1bf53bce403b9a069107f23c47eb/",
+        "url": "https://rutube.ru/yappy/c8c32bf7aee04412837656ea26c2b25b/",
         "params": {},
         "expected": {
             "code": 200,
@@ -1132,6 +1141,31 @@
             "status": "stream"
         }
     }],
+    "snapchat": [{
+        "name": "spotlight",
+        "url": "https://www.snapchat.com/spotlight/W7_EDlXWTBiXAEEniNoMPwAAYdWxucG9pZmNqAY46j0a5AY46j0YbAAAAAQ",
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
+    }, {
+        "name": "shortlinked spotlight",
+        "url": "https://t.snapchat.com/4ZsiBLDi",
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
+    }, {
+        "name": "story",
+        "url": "https://www.snapchat.com/add/bazerkmakane",
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "picker"
+        }
+    }],
     "loom": [{
         "name": "1080p video",
         "url": "https://www.loom.com/share/313bf71d20ca47b2a35b6634cefdb761",
@@ -1189,5 +1223,64 @@
             "code": 400,
             "status": "error"
         }
+    }],
+    "facebook": [{
+        "name": "direct video with username and id",
+        "url": "https://web.facebook.com/100048111287134/videos/1157798148685638/",
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
+    }, {
+        "name": "direct video with id as query param",
+        "url": "https://web.facebook.com/watch/?v=883839773514682&ref=sharing",
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
+    }, {
+        "name": "direct video with caption",
+        "url": "https://web.facebook.com/wood57/videos/𝐒𝐞𝐛𝐚𝐬𝐤𝐨𝐦-𝐟𝐮𝐥𝐥/883839773514682",
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
+    }, {
+        "name": "shortlink video",
+        "url": "https://fb.watch/r1K6XHMfGT/",
+        "canFail": true,
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
+    }, {
+        "name": "reel video",
+        "url": "https://web.facebook.com/reel/730293269054758",
+        "canFail": true,
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
+    }, {
+        "name": "shared video link",
+        "url": "https://www.facebook.com/share/v/NEf87jbPTvFE8LsL/",
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
+    }, {
+        "name": "shared video link v2",
+        "url": "https://web.facebook.com/share/r/JFZfPVgLkiJQmWrr/",
+        "params": {},
+        "expected": {
+            "code": 200,
+            "status": "redirect"
+        }
     }]
 }