diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
index cdbb86760..6c713e5a8 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-name: Broken site
-description: Report error in a supported site
+name: Broken site support
+description: Report issue with yt-dlp on a supported site
 labels: [triage, site-bug]
 body:
   - type: checkboxes
@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ body:
       description: |
         Carefully read and work through this check list in order to prevent the most common mistakes and misuse of yt-dlp:
       options:
-        - label: I'm reporting that a **supported** site is broken
+        - label: I'm reporting that yt-dlp is broken on a **supported** site
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.03.04** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.10.13** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ body:
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'test:youtube']
         [debug] Portable config "yt-dlp.conf": ['-i']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.03.04 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
+        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.10.13 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
         [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffmpeg -bsfs
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffprobe -bsfs
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ body:
         [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
         [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
-        Latest version: 2023.03.04, Current version: 2023.03.04
-        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.03.04)
+        Latest version: 2023.10.13, Current version: 2023.10.13
+        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.10.13)
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
index 890df48fa..e20036ce8 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ body:
       options:
         - label: I'm reporting a new site support request
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.03.04** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.10.13** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ body:
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'test:youtube']
         [debug] Portable config "yt-dlp.conf": ['-i']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.03.04 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
+        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.10.13 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
         [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffmpeg -bsfs
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffprobe -bsfs
@@ -84,8 +84,8 @@ body:
         [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
         [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
-        Latest version: 2023.03.04, Current version: 2023.03.04
-        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.03.04)
+        Latest version: 2023.10.13, Current version: 2023.10.13
+        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.10.13)
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
index ef9bda36a..a9845b6b8 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ body:
       options:
         - label: I'm requesting a site-specific feature
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.03.04** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.10.13** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ body:
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'test:youtube']
         [debug] Portable config "yt-dlp.conf": ['-i']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.03.04 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
+        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.10.13 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
         [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffmpeg -bsfs
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffprobe -bsfs
@@ -80,8 +80,8 @@ body:
         [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
         [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
-        Latest version: 2023.03.04, Current version: 2023.03.04
-        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.03.04)
+        Latest version: 2023.10.13, Current version: 2023.10.13
+        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.10.13)
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
index bf1d97bba..d3d60a11e 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Bug report
+name: Core bug report
 description: Report a bug unrelated to any particular site or extractor
 labels: [triage, bug]
 body:
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ body:
       options:
         - label: I'm reporting a bug unrelated to a specific site
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.03.04** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.10.13** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ body:
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'test:youtube']
         [debug] Portable config "yt-dlp.conf": ['-i']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.03.04 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
+        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.10.13 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
         [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffmpeg -bsfs
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffprobe -bsfs
@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ body:
         [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
         [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
-        Latest version: 2023.03.04, Current version: 2023.03.04
-        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.03.04)
+        Latest version: 2023.10.13, Current version: 2023.10.13
+        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.10.13)
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
index b17c65658..57de148d0 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've looked through the [README](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#readme)
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.03.04** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.10.13** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
           required: true
         - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ body:
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'test:youtube']
         [debug] Portable config "yt-dlp.conf": ['-i']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.03.04 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
+        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.10.13 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
         [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffmpeg -bsfs
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffprobe -bsfs
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ body:
         [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
         [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
-        Latest version: 2023.03.04, Current version: 2023.03.04
-        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.03.04)
+        Latest version: 2023.10.13, Current version: 2023.10.13
+        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.10.13)
         <more lines>
       render: shell
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
index c694e5a5a..7b55a7427 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've looked through the [README](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#readme)
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.03.04** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **2023.10.13** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
           required: true
         - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar questions **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ body:
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'test:youtube']
         [debug] Portable config "yt-dlp.conf": ['-i']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.03.04 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
+        [debug] yt-dlp version 2023.10.13 [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
         [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffmpeg -bsfs
         [debug] Checking exe version: ffprobe -bsfs
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ body:
         [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
         [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
-        Latest version: 2023.03.04, Current version: 2023.03.04
-        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.03.04)
+        Latest version: 2023.10.13, Current version: 2023.10.13
+        yt-dlp is up to date (2023.10.13)
         <more lines>
       render: shell
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml
index 1f6f92634..bff28ae4e 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-name: Broken site
-description: Report error in a supported site
+name: Broken site support
+description: Report issue with yt-dlp on a supported site
 labels: [triage, site-bug]
 body:
   %(no_skip)s
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ body:
       description: |
         Carefully read and work through this check list in order to prevent the most common mistakes and misuse of yt-dlp:
       options:
-        - label: I'm reporting that a **supported** site is broken
+        - label: I'm reporting that yt-dlp is broken on a **supported** site
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **%(version)s** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/2_site_support_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/2_site_support_request.yml
index 75d62e7bb..2bffe738d 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/2_site_support_request.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ body:
       options:
         - label: I'm reporting a new site support request
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **%(version)s** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml
index 18b30f578..6c3127983 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ body:
       options:
         - label: I'm requesting a site-specific feature
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **%(version)s** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml
index 90f59e70b..5f357d96e 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Bug report
+name: Core bug report
 description: Report a bug unrelated to any particular site or extractor
 labels: [triage, bug]
 body:
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ body:
       options:
         - label: I'm reporting a bug unrelated to a specific site
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **%(version)s** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml
index ef3bb2269..99107ff58 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've looked through the [README](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#readme)
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **%(version)s** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
         - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml
index 4bef82d5a..bd742109a 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've looked through the [README](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#readme)
           required: true
-        - label: I've verified that I'm running yt-dlp version **%(version)s** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update)) or later (specify commit)
+        - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
         - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar questions **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
index c4d3e812e..cbed82173 100644
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -40,4 +40,10 @@ ### What is the purpose of your *pull request*?
 - [ ] Core bug fix/improvement
 - [ ] New feature (It is strongly [recommended to open an issue first](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#adding-new-feature-or-making-overarching-changes))
 
+
+<!-- Do NOT edit/remove anything below this! -->
+</details><details><summary>Copilot Summary</summary>  
+
+copilot:all
+
 </details>
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index aa11c6194..3b513e88e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -30,6 +30,10 @@ on:
       meta_files:
         default: true
         type: boolean
+      origin:
+        required: false
+        default: ''
+        type: string
     secrets:
       GPG_SIGNING_KEY:
         required: false
@@ -37,11 +41,13 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       version:
-        description: Version tag (YYYY.MM.DD[.REV])
+        description: |
+          VERSION: yyyy.mm.dd[.rev] or rev
         required: true
         type: string
       channel:
-        description: Update channel (stable/nightly)
+        description: |
+          SOURCE of this build's updates: stable/nightly/master/<repo>
         required: true
         default: stable
         type: string
@@ -73,16 +79,34 @@ on:
         description: SHA2-256SUMS, SHA2-512SUMS, _update_spec
         default: true
         type: boolean
+      origin:
+        description: .
+        required: false
+        default: ''
+        type: choice
+        options:
+        - ''
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
+  process:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    outputs:
+      origin: ${{ steps.process_origin.outputs.origin }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Process origin
+        id: process_origin
+        run: |
+          echo "origin=${{ inputs.origin || github.repository }}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
   unix:
+    needs: process
     if: inputs.unix
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with:
           python-version: "3.10"
@@ -96,22 +120,21 @@ jobs:
           auto-activate-base: false
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: |
-          sudo apt-get -y install zip pandoc man sed
-          python -m pip install -U pip setuptools wheel
-          python -m pip install -U Pyinstaller -r requirements.txt
+          sudo apt -y install zip pandoc man sed
           reqs=$(mktemp)
-          cat > $reqs << EOF
+          cat > "$reqs" << EOF
           python=3.10.*
           pyinstaller
           cffi
           brotli-python
+          secretstorage
           EOF
-          sed '/^brotli.*/d' requirements.txt >> $reqs
-          mamba create -n build --file $reqs
+          sed -E '/^(brotli|secretstorage).*/d' requirements.txt >> "$reqs"
+          mamba create -n build --file "$reqs"
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
-          python devscripts/update-version.py -c ${{ inputs.channel }} ${{ inputs.version }}
+          python devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
           python devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
       - name: Build Unix platform-independent binary
         run: |
@@ -127,6 +150,19 @@ jobs:
           mv ./dist/yt-dlp_linux ./yt-dlp_linux
           mv ./dist/yt-dlp_linux.zip ./yt-dlp_linux.zip
 
+      - name: Verify --update-to
+        if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
+        run: |
+          binaries=("yt-dlp" "yt-dlp_linux")
+          for binary in "${binaries[@]}"; do
+            chmod +x ./${binary}
+            cp ./${binary} ./${binary}_downgraded
+            version="$(./${binary} --version)"
+            ./${binary}_downgraded -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
+            downgraded_version="$(./${binary}_downgraded --version)"
+            [[ "$version" != "$downgraded_version" ]]
+          done
+
       - name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
@@ -137,6 +173,7 @@ jobs:
             yt-dlp_linux.zip
 
   linux_arm:
+    needs: process
     if: inputs.linux_arm
     permissions:
       contents: read
@@ -149,7 +186,7 @@ jobs:
           - aarch64
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           path: ./repo
       - name: Virtualized Install, Prepare & Build
@@ -172,10 +209,20 @@ jobs:
           run: |
             cd repo
             python3.8 -m pip install -U Pyinstaller -r requirements.txt  # Cached version may be out of date
-            python3.8 devscripts/update-version.py -c ${{ inputs.channel }} ${{ inputs.version }}
+            python3.8 devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
             python3.8 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
             python3.8 pyinst.py
 
+            if ${{ vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION && 'true' || 'false' }}; then
+              arch="${{ (matrix.architecture == 'armv7' && 'armv7l') || matrix.architecture }}"
+              chmod +x ./dist/yt-dlp_linux_${arch}
+              cp ./dist/yt-dlp_linux_${arch} ./dist/yt-dlp_linux_${arch}_downgraded
+              version="$(./dist/yt-dlp_linux_${arch} --version)"
+              ./dist/yt-dlp_linux_${arch}_downgraded -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
+              downgraded_version="$(./dist/yt-dlp_linux_${arch}_downgraded --version)"
+              [[ "$version" != "$downgraded_version" ]]
+            fi
+
       - name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
@@ -183,26 +230,39 @@ jobs:
             repo/dist/yt-dlp_linux_${{ (matrix.architecture == 'armv7' && 'armv7l') || matrix.architecture }}
 
   macos:
+    needs: process
     if: inputs.macos
     runs-on: macos-11
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      # NB: In order to create a universal2 application, the version of python3 in /usr/bin has to be used
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      # NB: Building universal2 does not work with python from actions/setup-python
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: |
           brew install coreutils
-          /usr/bin/python3 -m pip install -U --user pip Pyinstaller==5.8 -r requirements.txt
+          python3 -m pip install -U --user pip setuptools wheel
+          # We need to ignore wheels otherwise we break universal2 builds
+          python3 -m pip install -U --user --no-binary :all: Pyinstaller -r requirements.txt
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
-          /usr/bin/python3 devscripts/update-version.py -c ${{ inputs.channel }} ${{ inputs.version }}
-          /usr/bin/python3 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+          python3 devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
+          python3 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
       - name: Build
         run: |
-          /usr/bin/python3 pyinst.py --target-architecture universal2 --onedir
+          python3 pyinst.py --target-architecture universal2 --onedir
           (cd ./dist/yt-dlp_macos && zip -r ../yt-dlp_macos.zip .)
-          /usr/bin/python3 pyinst.py --target-architecture universal2
+          python3 pyinst.py --target-architecture universal2
+
+      - name: Verify --update-to
+        if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
+        run: |
+          chmod +x ./dist/yt-dlp_macos
+          cp ./dist/yt-dlp_macos ./dist/yt-dlp_macos_downgraded
+          version="$(./dist/yt-dlp_macos --version)"
+          ./dist/yt-dlp_macos_downgraded -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
+          downgraded_version="$(./dist/yt-dlp_macos_downgraded --version)"
+          [[ "$version" != "$downgraded_version" ]]
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
@@ -212,11 +272,12 @@ jobs:
             dist/yt-dlp_macos.zip
 
   macos_legacy:
+    needs: process
     if: inputs.macos_legacy
     runs-on: macos-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Install Python
         # We need the official Python, because the GA ones only support newer macOS versions
         env:
@@ -232,17 +293,28 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: |
           brew install coreutils
-          python3 -m pip install -U --user pip Pyinstaller -r requirements.txt
+          python3 -m pip install -U --user pip setuptools wheel
+          python3 -m pip install -U --user Pyinstaller -r requirements.txt
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
-          python3 devscripts/update-version.py -c ${{ inputs.channel }} ${{ inputs.version }}
+          python3 devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
           python3 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
       - name: Build
         run: |
           python3 pyinst.py
           mv dist/yt-dlp_macos dist/yt-dlp_macos_legacy
 
+      - name: Verify --update-to
+        if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
+        run: |
+          chmod +x ./dist/yt-dlp_macos_legacy
+          cp ./dist/yt-dlp_macos_legacy ./dist/yt-dlp_macos_legacy_downgraded
+          version="$(./dist/yt-dlp_macos_legacy --version)"
+          ./dist/yt-dlp_macos_legacy_downgraded -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
+          downgraded_version="$(./dist/yt-dlp_macos_legacy_downgraded --version)"
+          [[ "$version" != "$downgraded_version" ]]
+
       - name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
@@ -250,11 +322,12 @@ jobs:
             dist/yt-dlp_macos_legacy
 
   windows:
+    needs: process
     if: inputs.windows
     runs-on: windows-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with: # 3.8 is used for Win7 support
           python-version: "3.8"
@@ -265,7 +338,7 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
-          python devscripts/update-version.py -c ${{ inputs.channel }} ${{ inputs.version }}
+          python devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
           python devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
       - name: Build
         run: |
@@ -275,6 +348,19 @@ jobs:
           python pyinst.py --onedir
           Compress-Archive -Path ./dist/yt-dlp/* -DestinationPath ./dist/yt-dlp_win.zip
 
+      - name: Verify --update-to
+        if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
+        run: |
+          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp","yt-dlp_min")) {
+            Copy-Item "./dist/${name}.exe" "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe"
+            $version = & "./dist/${name}.exe" --version
+            & "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe" -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
+            $downgraded_version = & "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe" --version
+            if ($version -eq $downgraded_version) {
+              exit 1
+            }
+          }
+
       - name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
@@ -284,11 +370,12 @@ jobs:
             dist/yt-dlp_win.zip
 
   windows32:
+    needs: process
     if: inputs.windows32
     runs-on: windows-latest
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
         with: # 3.7 is used for Vista support. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/390
           python-version: "3.7"
@@ -300,12 +387,25 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
-          python devscripts/update-version.py -c ${{ inputs.channel }} ${{ inputs.version }}
+          python devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
           python devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
       - name: Build
         run: |
           python pyinst.py
 
+      - name: Verify --update-to
+        if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
+        run: |
+          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp_x86")) {
+            Copy-Item "./dist/${name}.exe" "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe"
+            $version = & "./dist/${name}.exe" --version
+            & "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe" -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
+            $downgraded_version = & "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe" --version
+            if ($version -eq $downgraded_version) {
+              exit 1
+            }
+          }
+
       - name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
         with:
@@ -313,8 +413,9 @@ jobs:
             dist/yt-dlp_x86.exe
 
   meta_files:
-    if: inputs.meta_files && always()
+    if: inputs.meta_files && always() && !cancelled()
     needs:
+      - process
       - unix
       - linux_arm
       - macos
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..170a6ac19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+name: "CodeQL"
+
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ 'master', 'gh-pages', 'release' ]
+  pull_request:
+    # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
+    branches: [ 'master' ]
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '59 11 * * 5'
+
+jobs:
+  analyze:
+    name: Analyze
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      actions: read
+      contents: read
+      security-events: write
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        language: [ 'python' ]
+        # CodeQL supports [ 'cpp', 'csharp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python', 'ruby' ]
+        # Use only 'java' to analyze code written in Java, Kotlin or both
+        # Use only 'javascript' to analyze code written in JavaScript, TypeScript or both
+        # Learn more about CodeQL language support at https://aka.ms/codeql-docs/language-support
+
+    steps:
+    - name: Checkout repository
+      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+    # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
+    - name: Initialize CodeQL
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      with:
+        languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
+        # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
+        # By default, queries listed here will override any specified in a config file.
+        # Prefix the list here with "+" to use these queries and those in the config file.
+
+        # For more details on CodeQL's query packs, refer to: https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/code-scanning/automatically-scanning-your-code-for-vulnerabilities-and-errors/configuring-code-scanning#using-queries-in-ql-packs
+        # queries: security-extended,security-and-quality
+
+
+    # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages (C/C++, C#, Go, Java, or Swift).
+    # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
+    - name: Autobuild
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+
+    # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
+    # 📚 See https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idstepsrun
+
+    #   If the Autobuild fails above, remove it and uncomment the following three lines.
+    #   modify them (or add more) to build your code if your project, please refer to the EXAMPLE below for guidance.
+
+    # - run: |
+    #     echo "Run, Build Application using script"
+    #     ./location_of_script_within_repo/buildscript.sh
+
+    - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+      with:
+        category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/core.yml b/.github/workflows/core.yml
index dead444c0..e5a976de5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/core.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/core.yml
@@ -13,24 +13,27 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
         # CPython 3.11 is in quick-test
-        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', pypy-3.7, pypy-3.8]
+        python-version: ['3.8', '3.9', '3.10', '3.12', pypy-3.7, pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
         run-tests-ext: [sh]
         include:
         # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
         - os: windows-latest
           python-version: '3.7'
           run-tests-ext: bat
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python-version: '3.12'
+          run-tests-ext: bat
         - os: windows-latest
           python-version: pypy-3.9
           run-tests-ext: bat
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
       uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-    - name: Install pytest
-      run: pip install pytest
+    - name: Install dependencies
+      run: pip install pytest -r requirements.txt
     - name: Run tests
       continue-on-error: False
       run: |
diff --git a/.github/workflows/download.yml b/.github/workflows/download.yml
index 2b2387d4f..7302a93bc 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/download.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/download.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     if: "contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci run dl')"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Set up Python
       uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.7', '3.10', 3.11-dev, pypy-3.7, pypy-3.8]
+        python-version: ['3.7', '3.10', '3.12', pypy-3.7, pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
         run-tests-ext: [sh]
         include:
         # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
           python-version: pypy-3.9
           run-tests-ext: bat
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
       uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a1bd9a01..000000000
--- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-name: Publish
-on:
-  workflow_call:
-    inputs:
-      nightly:
-        default: false
-        required: false
-        type: boolean
-      version:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-      target_commitish:
-        required: true
-        type: string
-    secrets:
-      ARCHIVE_REPO_TOKEN:
-        required: false
-
-permissions:
-  contents: write
-
-jobs:
-  publish:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.10"
-
-      - name: Generate release notes
-        run: |
-          cat >> ./RELEASE_NOTES << EOF
-          #### A description of the various files are in the [README](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#release-files)
-          ---
-          <details><summary><h3>Changelog</h3></summary>
-          $(python ./devscripts/make_changelog.py -vv)
-          </details>
-          EOF
-          echo "**This is an automated nightly pre-release build**" >> ./PRERELEASE_NOTES
-          cat ./RELEASE_NOTES >> ./PRERELEASE_NOTES
-          echo "Generated from: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/commit/${{ inputs.target_commitish }}" >> ./ARCHIVE_NOTES
-          cat ./RELEASE_NOTES >> ./ARCHIVE_NOTES
-
-      - name: Archive nightly release
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.ARCHIVE_REPO_TOKEN }}
-          GH_REPO: ${{ vars.ARCHIVE_REPO }}
-        if: |
-          inputs.nightly && env.GH_TOKEN != '' && env.GH_REPO != ''
-        run: |
-          gh release create \
-            --notes-file ARCHIVE_NOTES \
-            --title "yt-dlp nightly ${{ inputs.version }}" \
-            ${{ inputs.version }} \
-            artifact/*
-
-      - name: Prune old nightly release
-        if: inputs.nightly && !vars.ARCHIVE_REPO
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-        run: |
-          gh release delete --yes --cleanup-tag "nightly" || true
-          git tag --delete "nightly" || true
-          sleep 5  # Enough time to cover deletion race condition
-
-      - name: Publish release${{ inputs.nightly && ' (nightly)' || '' }}
-        env:
-          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-        if: (inputs.nightly && !vars.ARCHIVE_REPO) || !inputs.nightly
-        run: |
-          gh release create \
-            --notes-file ${{ inputs.nightly && 'PRE' || '' }}RELEASE_NOTES \
-            --target ${{ inputs.target_commitish }} \
-            --title "yt-dlp ${{ inputs.nightly && 'nightly ' || '' }}${{ inputs.version }}" \
-            ${{ inputs.nightly && '--prerelease "nightly"' || inputs.version }} \
-            artifact/*
diff --git a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
index 930e58152..e4fd89551 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci skip all')"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Set up Python 3.11
       uses: actions/setup-python@v4
       with:
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
     if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci skip all')"
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-    - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
     - name: Install flake8
       run: pip install flake8
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0208b3bef
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+name: Release (master)
+on:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths:
+      - "yt_dlp/**.py"
+      - "!yt_dlp/version.py"
+      - "setup.py"
+      - "pyinst.py"
+concurrency:
+  group: release-master
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+jobs:
+  release:
+    if: vars.BUILD_MASTER != ''
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/release.yml
+    with:
+      prerelease: true
+      source: master
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      packages: write
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    secrets: inherit
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
index d4f01ab64..2e623a67c 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -1,51 +1,35 @@
 name: Release (nightly)
 on:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths:
-      - "yt_dlp/**.py"
-      - "!yt_dlp/version.py"
-concurrency:
-  group: release-nightly
-  cancel-in-progress: true
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '23 23 * * *'
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
-  prepare:
+  check_nightly:
     if: vars.BUILD_NIGHTLY != ''
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
-      version: ${{ steps.get_version.outputs.version }}
-
+      commit: ${{ steps.check_for_new_commits.outputs.commit }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - name: Get version
-        id: get_version
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Check for new commits
+        id: check_for_new_commits
         run: |
-          python devscripts/update-version.py "$(date -u +"%H%M%S")" | grep -Po "version=\d+(\.\d+){3}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          relevant_files=("yt_dlp/*.py" ':!yt_dlp/version.py' "setup.py" "pyinst.py")
+          echo "commit=$(git log --format=%H -1 --since="24 hours ago" -- "${relevant_files[@]}")" | tee "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
-  build:
-    needs: prepare
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
+  release:
+    needs: [check_nightly]
+    if: ${{ needs.check_nightly.outputs.commit }}
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/release.yml
     with:
-      version: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
-      channel: nightly
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      packages: write # For package cache
-    secrets:
-      GPG_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_SIGNING_KEY }}
-
-  publish:
-    needs: [prepare, build]
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/publish.yml
-    secrets:
-      ARCHIVE_REPO_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.ARCHIVE_REPO_TOKEN }}
+      prerelease: true
+      source: nightly
     permissions:
       contents: write
-    with:
-      nightly: true
-      version: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
-      target_commitish: ${{ github.sha }}
+      packages: write
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    secrets: inherit
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index e07fc0c07..6c59626ea 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,53 @@
 name: Release
-on: workflow_dispatch
+on:
+  workflow_call:
+    inputs:
+      prerelease:
+        required: false
+        default: true
+        type: boolean
+      source:
+        required: false
+        default: ''
+        type: string
+      target:
+        required: false
+        default: ''
+        type: string
+      version:
+        required: false
+        default: ''
+        type: string
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      source:
+        description: |
+          SOURCE of this release's updates:
+          channel, repo, tag, or channel/repo@tag
+          (default: <current_repo>)
+        required: false
+        default: ''
+        type: string
+      target:
+        description: |
+          TARGET to publish this release to:
+          channel, tag, or channel@tag
+          (default: <source> if writable else <current_repo>[@source_tag])
+        required: false
+        default: ''
+        type: string
+      version:
+        description: |
+          VERSION: yyyy.mm.dd[.rev] or rev
+          (default: auto-generated)
+        required: false
+        default: ''
+        type: string
+      prerelease:
+        description: Pre-release
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
@@ -9,11 +57,18 @@ jobs:
       contents: write
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     outputs:
-      version: ${{ steps.update_version.outputs.version }}
-      head_sha: ${{ steps.push_release.outputs.head_sha }}
+      channel: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.channel }}
+      version: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.version }}
+      target_repo: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.target_repo }}
+      target_repo_token: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.target_repo_token }}
+      target_tag: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.target_tag }}
+      pypi_project: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.pypi_project }}
+      pypi_suffix: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.pypi_suffix }}
+      pypi_token: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.pypi_token }}
+      head_sha: ${{ steps.get_target.outputs.head_sha }}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
@@ -21,17 +76,133 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.10"
 
-      - name: Update version
-        id: update_version
+      - name: Process inputs
+        id: process_inputs
         run: |
-          python devscripts/update-version.py ${{ vars.PUSH_VERSION_COMMIT == '' && '"$(date -u +"%H%M%S")"' || '' }} | \
-            grep -Po "version=\d+\.\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)?" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          cat << EOF
+          ::group::Inputs
+          prerelease=${{ inputs.prerelease }}
+          source=${{ inputs.source }}
+          target=${{ inputs.target }}
+          version=${{ inputs.version }}
+          ::endgroup::
+          EOF
+          IFS='@' read -r source_repo source_tag <<<"${{ inputs.source }}"
+          IFS='@' read -r target_repo target_tag <<<"${{ inputs.target }}"
+          cat << EOF >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          source_repo=${source_repo}
+          source_tag=${source_tag}
+          target_repo=${target_repo}
+          target_tag=${target_tag}
+          EOF
+
+      - name: Setup variables
+        id: setup_variables
+        env:
+          source_repo: ${{ steps.process_inputs.outputs.source_repo }}
+          source_tag: ${{ steps.process_inputs.outputs.source_tag }}
+          target_repo: ${{ steps.process_inputs.outputs.target_repo }}
+          target_tag: ${{ steps.process_inputs.outputs.target_tag }}
+        run: |
+          # unholy bash monstrosity (sincere apologies)
+          fallback_token () {
+            if ${{ !secrets.ARCHIVE_REPO_TOKEN }}; then
+              echo "::error::Repository access secret ${target_repo_token^^} not found"
+              exit 1
+            fi
+            target_repo_token=ARCHIVE_REPO_TOKEN
+            return 0
+          }
+
+          source_is_channel=0
+          [[ "${source_repo}" == 'stable' ]] && source_repo='yt-dlp/yt-dlp'
+          if [[ -z "${source_repo}" ]]; then
+            source_repo='${{ github.repository }}'
+          elif [[ '${{ vars[format('{0}_archive_repo', env.source_repo)] }}' ]]; then
+            source_is_channel=1
+            source_channel='${{ vars[format('{0}_archive_repo', env.source_repo)] }}'
+          elif [[ -z "${source_tag}" && "${source_repo}" != */* ]]; then
+            source_tag="${source_repo}"
+            source_repo='${{ github.repository }}'
+          fi
+          resolved_source="${source_repo}"
+          if [[ "${source_tag}" ]]; then
+            resolved_source="${resolved_source}@${source_tag}"
+          elif [[ "${source_repo}" == 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp' ]]; then
+            resolved_source='stable'
+          fi
+
+          revision="${{ (inputs.prerelease || !vars.PUSH_VERSION_COMMIT) && '$(date -u +"%H%M%S")' || '' }}"
+          version="$(
+            python devscripts/update-version.py \
+            -c "${resolved_source}" -r "${{ github.repository }}" ${{ inputs.version || '$revision' }} | \
+            grep -Po "version=\K\d+\.\d+\.\d+(\.\d+)?")"
+
+          if [[ "${target_repo}" ]]; then
+            if [[ -z "${target_tag}" ]]; then
+              if [[ '${{ vars[format('{0}_archive_repo', env.target_repo)] }}' ]]; then
+                target_tag="${source_tag:-${version}}"
+              else
+                target_tag="${target_repo}"
+                target_repo='${{ github.repository }}'
+              fi
+            fi
+            if [[ "${target_repo}" != '${{ github.repository}}' ]]; then
+              target_repo='${{ vars[format('{0}_archive_repo', env.target_repo)] }}'
+              target_repo_token='${{ env.target_repo }}_archive_repo_token'
+              ${{ !!secrets[format('{0}_archive_repo_token', env.target_repo)] }} || fallback_token
+              pypi_project='${{ vars[format('{0}_pypi_project', env.target_repo)] }}'
+              pypi_suffix='${{ vars[format('{0}_pypi_suffix', env.target_repo)] }}'
+              ${{ !secrets[format('{0}_pypi_token', env.target_repo)] }} || pypi_token='${{ env.target_repo }}_pypi_token'
+            fi
+          else
+            target_tag="${source_tag:-${version}}"
+            if ((source_is_channel)); then
+              target_repo="${source_channel}"
+              target_repo_token='${{ env.source_repo }}_archive_repo_token'
+              ${{ !!secrets[format('{0}_archive_repo_token', env.source_repo)] }} || fallback_token
+              pypi_project='${{ vars[format('{0}_pypi_project', env.source_repo)] }}'
+              pypi_suffix='${{ vars[format('{0}_pypi_suffix', env.source_repo)] }}'
+              ${{ !secrets[format('{0}_pypi_token', env.source_repo)] }} || pypi_token='${{ env.source_repo }}_pypi_token'
+            else
+              target_repo='${{ github.repository }}'
+            fi
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "${target_repo}" == '${{ github.repository }}' ]] && ${{ !inputs.prerelease }}; then
+            pypi_project='${{ vars.PYPI_PROJECT }}'
+          fi
+          if [[ -z "${pypi_token}" && "${pypi_project}" ]]; then
+            if ${{ !secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}; then
+              pypi_token=OIDC
+            else
+              pypi_token=PYPI_TOKEN
+            fi
+          fi
+
+          echo "::group::Output variables"
+          cat << EOF | tee -a "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          channel=${resolved_source}
+          version=${version}
+          target_repo=${target_repo}
+          target_repo_token=${target_repo_token}
+          target_tag=${target_tag}
+          pypi_project=${pypi_project}
+          pypi_suffix=${pypi_suffix}
+          pypi_token=${pypi_token}
+          EOF
+          echo "::endgroup::"
 
       - name: Update documentation
+        env:
+          version: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.version }}
+          target_repo: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.target_repo }}
+        if: |
+          !inputs.prerelease && env.target_repo == github.repository
         run: |
           make doc
           sed '/### /Q' Changelog.md >> ./CHANGELOG
-          echo '### ${{ steps.update_version.outputs.version }}' >> ./CHANGELOG
+          echo '### ${{ env.version }}' >> ./CHANGELOG
           python ./devscripts/make_changelog.py -vv -c >> ./CHANGELOG
           echo >> ./CHANGELOG
           grep -Poz '(?s)### \d+\.\d+\.\d+.+' 'Changelog.md' | head -n -1 >> ./CHANGELOG
@@ -39,91 +210,190 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Push to release
         id: push_release
+        env:
+          version: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.version }}
+          target_repo: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.target_repo }}
+        if: |
+          !inputs.prerelease && env.target_repo == github.repository
         run: |
           git config --global user.name github-actions
-          git config --global user.email github-actions@example.com
+          git config --global user.email github-actions@github.com
           git add -u
-          git commit -m "Release ${{ steps.update_version.outputs.version }}" \
+          git commit -m "Release ${{ env.version }}" \
             -m "Created by: ${{ github.event.sender.login }}" -m ":ci skip all :ci run dl"
           git push origin --force ${{ github.event.ref }}:release
+
+      - name: Get target commitish
+        id: get_target
+        run: |
           echo "head_sha=$(git rev-parse HEAD)" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
 
       - name: Update master
-        if: vars.PUSH_VERSION_COMMIT != ''
+        env:
+          target_repo: ${{ steps.setup_variables.outputs.target_repo }}
+        if: |
+          vars.PUSH_VERSION_COMMIT != '' && !inputs.prerelease && env.target_repo == github.repository
         run: git push origin ${{ github.event.ref }}
 
-  publish_pypi_homebrew:
-    needs: prepare
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
-        with:
-          python-version: "3.10"
-
-      - name: Install Requirements
-        run: |
-          sudo apt-get -y install pandoc man
-          python -m pip install -U pip setuptools wheel twine
-          python -m pip install -U -r requirements.txt
-
-      - name: Prepare
-        run: |
-          python devscripts/update-version.py ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
-          python devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
-
-      - name: Build and publish on PyPI
-        env:
-          TWINE_USERNAME: __token__
-          TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.TWINE_PASSWORD != ''
-        run: |
-          rm -rf dist/*
-          make pypi-files
-          python devscripts/set-variant.py pip -M "You installed yt-dlp with pip or using the wheel from PyPi; Use that to update"
-          python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
-          twine upload dist/*
-
-      - name: Checkout Homebrew repository
-        env:
-          BREW_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.BREW_TOKEN }}
-          PYPI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.BREW_TOKEN != '' && env.PYPI_TOKEN != ''
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          repository: yt-dlp/homebrew-taps
-          path: taps
-          ssh-key: ${{ secrets.BREW_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Update Homebrew Formulae
-        env:
-          BREW_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.BREW_TOKEN }}
-          PYPI_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.PYPI_TOKEN }}
-        if: env.BREW_TOKEN != '' && env.PYPI_TOKEN != ''
-        run: |
-          python devscripts/update-formulae.py taps/Formula/yt-dlp.rb "${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}"
-          git -C taps/ config user.name github-actions
-          git -C taps/ config user.email github-actions@example.com
-          git -C taps/ commit -am 'yt-dlp: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}'
-          git -C taps/ push
-
   build:
     needs: prepare
     uses: ./.github/workflows/build.yml
     with:
       version: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
+      channel: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.channel }}
+      origin: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_repo }}
     permissions:
       contents: read
       packages: write # For package cache
     secrets:
       GPG_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_SIGNING_KEY }}
 
+  publish_pypi:
+    needs: [prepare, build]
+    if: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.pypi_project }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.10"
+
+      - name: Install Requirements
+        run: |
+          sudo apt -y install pandoc man
+          python -m pip install -U pip setuptools wheel twine
+          python -m pip install -U -r requirements.txt
+
+      - name: Prepare
+        env:
+          version: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
+          suffix: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.pypi_suffix }}
+          channel: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.channel }}
+          target_repo: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_repo }}
+          pypi_project: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.pypi_project }}
+        run: |
+          python devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ env.channel }}" -r "${{ env.target_repo }}" -s "${{ env.suffix }}" "${{ env.version }}"
+          python devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+          sed -i -E "s/(name=')[^']+(',  # package name)/\1${{ env.pypi_project }}\2/" setup.py
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          rm -rf dist/*
+          make pypi-files
+          python devscripts/set-variant.py pip -M "You installed yt-dlp with pip or using the wheel from PyPi; Use that to update"
+          python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel
+
+      - name: Publish to PyPI via token
+        env:
+          TWINE_USERNAME: __token__
+          TWINE_PASSWORD: ${{ secrets[needs.prepare.outputs.pypi_token] }}
+        if: |
+          needs.prepare.outputs.pypi_token != 'OIDC' && env.TWINE_PASSWORD
+        run: |
+          twine upload dist/*
+
+      - name: Publish to PyPI via trusted publishing
+        if: |
+          needs.prepare.outputs.pypi_token == 'OIDC'
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          verbose: true
+
   publish:
     needs: [prepare, build]
-    uses: ./.github/workflows/publish.yml
     permissions:
       contents: write
-    with:
-      version: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
-      target_commitish: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.head_sha }}
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v3
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.10"
+
+      - name: Generate release notes
+        env:
+          head_sha: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.head_sha }}
+          target_repo: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_repo }}
+          target_tag: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_tag }}
+        run: |
+          printf '%s' \
+            '[![Installation](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Which%20file%20should%20I%20download%3F-white.svg?style=for-the-badge)]' \
+              '(https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#installation "Installation instructions") ' \
+            '[![Documentation](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Docs-brightgreen.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=GitBook&labelColor=555555)]' \
+              '(https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}' \
+              '${{ env.target_repo == github.repository && format('/tree/{0}', env.target_tag) || '' }}#readme "Documentation") ' \
+            '[![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Donate-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)]' \
+              '(https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/Collaborators.md#collaborators "Donate") ' \
+            '[![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/807245652072857610?color=blue&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=discord&style=for-the-badge)]' \
+              '(https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r "Discord") ' \
+            ${{ env.target_repo == 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp' && '\
+              "[![Nightly](https://img.shields.io/badge/Get%20nightly%20builds-purple.svg?style=for-the-badge)]" \
+              "(https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest \"Nightly builds\") " \
+              "[![Master](https://img.shields.io/badge/Get%20master%20builds-lightblue.svg?style=for-the-badge)]" \
+              "(https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds/releases/latest \"Master builds\")"' || '' }} > ./RELEASE_NOTES
+          printf '\n\n' >> ./RELEASE_NOTES
+          cat >> ./RELEASE_NOTES << EOF
+          #### A description of the various files are in the [README](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#release-files)
+          ---
+          $(python ./devscripts/make_changelog.py -vv --collapsible)
+          EOF
+          printf '%s\n\n' '**This is a pre-release build**' >> ./PRERELEASE_NOTES
+          cat ./RELEASE_NOTES >> ./PRERELEASE_NOTES
+          printf '%s\n\n' 'Generated from: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/commit/${{ env.head_sha }}' >> ./ARCHIVE_NOTES
+          cat ./RELEASE_NOTES >> ./ARCHIVE_NOTES
+
+      - name: Publish to archive repo
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets[needs.prepare.outputs.target_repo_token] }}
+          GH_REPO: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_repo }}
+          version: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
+          channel: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.channel }}
+        if: |
+          inputs.prerelease && env.GH_TOKEN != '' && env.GH_REPO != '' && env.GH_REPO != github.repository
+        run: |
+          title="${{ startswith(env.GH_REPO, 'yt-dlp/') && 'yt-dlp ' || '' }}${{ env.channel }}"
+          gh release create \
+            --notes-file ARCHIVE_NOTES \
+            --title "${title} ${{ env.version }}" \
+            ${{ env.version }} \
+            artifact/*
+
+      - name: Prune old release
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          version: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
+          target_repo: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_repo }}
+          target_tag: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_tag }}
+        if: |
+          env.target_repo == github.repository && env.target_tag != env.version
+        run: |
+          gh release delete --yes --cleanup-tag "${{ env.target_tag }}" || true
+          git tag --delete "${{ env.target_tag }}" || true
+          sleep 5  # Enough time to cover deletion race condition
+
+      - name: Publish release
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          version: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.version }}
+          target_repo: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_repo }}
+          target_tag: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_tag }}
+          head_sha: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.head_sha }}
+        if: |
+          env.target_repo == github.repository
+        run: |
+          title="${{ github.repository == 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp' && 'yt-dlp ' || '' }}"
+          title+="${{ env.target_tag != env.version && format('{0} ', env.target_tag) || '' }}"
+          gh release create \
+            --notes-file ${{ inputs.prerelease && 'PRERELEASE_NOTES' || 'RELEASE_NOTES' }} \
+            --target ${{ env.head_sha }} \
+            --title "${title}${{ env.version }}" \
+            ${{ inputs.prerelease && '--prerelease' || '' }} \
+            ${{ env.target_tag }} \
+            artifact/*
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index ae2c45423..90e7faf7c 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ ###  Are you using the latest version?
 
 ###  Is the issue already documented?
 
-Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you're trying to open. Search at the top of the window or browse the [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/search?type=Issues) of this repository. If there is an issue, feel free to write something along the lines of "This affects me as well, with version 2021.01.01. Here is some more information on the issue: ...". While some issues may be old, a new post into them often spurs rapid activity.
+Make sure that someone has not already opened the issue you're trying to open. Search at the top of the window or browse the [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/search?type=Issues) of this repository. If there is an issue, subcribe to it to be notified when there is any progress. Unless you have something useful to add to the converation, please refrain from commenting.
 
 Additionally, it is also helpful to see if the issue has already been documented in the [youtube-dl issue tracker](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues). If similar issues have already been reported in youtube-dl (but not in our issue tracker), links to them can be included in your issue report here.
 
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ ## Adding support for a new site
 1. Add an import in [`yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py`](yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py). Note that the class name must end with `IE`.
 1. Run `python test/test_download.py TestDownload.test_YourExtractor` (note that `YourExtractor` doesn't end with `IE`). This *should fail* at first, but you can continually re-run it until you're done. If you decide to add more than one test, the tests will then be named `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_1`, `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_2`, etc. Note that tests with `only_matching` key in test's dict are not counted in. You can also run all the tests in one go with `TestDownload.test_YourExtractor_all`
 1. Make sure you have atleast one test for your extractor. Even if all videos covered by the extractor are expected to be inaccessible for automated testing, tests should still be added with a `skip` parameter indicating why the particular test is disabled from running.
-1. Have a look at [`yt_dlp/extractor/common.py`](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py) for possible helper methods and a [detailed description of what your extractor should and may return](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py#L91-L426). Add tests and code for as many as you want.
+1. Have a look at [`yt_dlp/extractor/common.py`](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py) for possible helper methods and a [detailed description of what your extractor should and may return](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py#L119-L440). Add tests and code for as many as you want.
 1. Make sure your code follows [yt-dlp coding conventions](#yt-dlp-coding-conventions) and check the code with [flake8](https://flake8.pycqa.org/en/latest/index.html#quickstart):
 
         $ flake8 yt_dlp/extractor/yourextractor.py
@@ -246,12 +246,12 @@ ## yt-dlp coding conventions
 
 This section introduces a guide lines for writing idiomatic, robust and future-proof extractor code.
 
-Extractors are very fragile by nature since they depend on the layout of the source data provided by 3rd party media hosters out of your control and this layout tends to change. As an extractor implementer your task is not only to write code that will extract media links and metadata correctly but also to minimize dependency on the source's layout and even to make the code foresee potential future changes and be ready for that. This is important because it will allow the extractor not to break on minor layout changes thus keeping old yt-dlp versions working. Even though this breakage issue may be easily fixed by a new version of yt-dlp, this could take some time, during which the the extractor will remain broken.
+Extractors are very fragile by nature since they depend on the layout of the source data provided by 3rd party media hosters out of your control and this layout tends to change. As an extractor implementer your task is not only to write code that will extract media links and metadata correctly but also to minimize dependency on the source's layout and even to make the code foresee potential future changes and be ready for that. This is important because it will allow the extractor not to break on minor layout changes thus keeping old yt-dlp versions working. Even though this breakage issue may be easily fixed by a new version of yt-dlp, this could take some time, during which the extractor will remain broken.
 
 
 ### Mandatory and optional metafields
 
-For extraction to work yt-dlp relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to yt-dlp expressed by an [information dictionary](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py#L91-L426) or simply *info dict*. Only the following meta fields in the *info dict* are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by yt-dlp:
+For extraction to work yt-dlp relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to yt-dlp expressed by an [information dictionary](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py#L119-L440) or simply *info dict*. Only the following meta fields in the *info dict* are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by yt-dlp:
 
  - `id` (media identifier)
  - `title` (media title)
@@ -696,7 +696,7 @@ #### Examples
 
 ### Use convenience conversion and parsing functions
 
-Wrap all extracted numeric data into safe functions from [`yt_dlp/utils.py`](yt_dlp/utils.py): `int_or_none`, `float_or_none`. Use them for string to number conversions as well.
+Wrap all extracted numeric data into safe functions from [`yt_dlp/utils/`](yt_dlp/utils/): `int_or_none`, `float_or_none`. Use them for string to number conversions as well.
 
 Use `url_or_none` for safe URL processing.
 
@@ -704,7 +704,7 @@ ### Use convenience conversion and parsing functions
 
 Use `unified_strdate` for uniform `upload_date` or any `YYYYMMDD` meta field extraction, `unified_timestamp` for uniform `timestamp` extraction, `parse_filesize` for `filesize` extraction, `parse_count` for count meta fields extraction, `parse_resolution`, `parse_duration` for `duration` extraction, `parse_age_limit` for `age_limit` extraction. 
 
-Explore [`yt_dlp/utils.py`](yt_dlp/utils.py) for more useful convenience functions.
+Explore [`yt_dlp/utils/`](yt_dlp/utils/) for more useful convenience functions.
 
 #### Examples
 
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTORS b/CONTRIBUTORS
index d6ba617b7..3035ee296 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTORS
+++ b/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ pukkandan (owner)
 shirt-dev (collaborator)
 coletdjnz/colethedj (collaborator)
 Ashish0804 (collaborator)
-nao20010128nao/Lesmiscore (collaborator)
 bashonly (collaborator)
 Grub4K (collaborator)
 h-h-h-h
@@ -409,3 +408,108 @@ Hill-98
 LXYan2333
 mushbite
 venkata-krishnas
+7vlad7
+alexklapheke
+arobase-che
+bepvte
+bergoid
+blmarket
+brandon-dacrib
+c-basalt
+CoryTibbettsDev
+Cyberes
+D0LLYNH0
+danog
+DataGhost
+falbrechtskirchinger
+foreignBlade
+garret1317
+hasezoey
+hoaluvn
+ItzMaxTV
+ivanskodje
+jo-nike
+kangalio
+linsui
+makew0rld
+menschel
+mikf
+mrscrapy
+NDagestad
+Neurognostic
+NextFire
+nick-cd
+permunkle
+pzhlkj6612
+ringus1
+rjy
+Schmoaaaaah
+sjthespian
+theperfectpunk
+toomyzoom
+truedread
+TxI5
+unbeatable-101
+vampirefrog
+vidiot720
+viktor-enzell
+zhgwn
+barthelmannk
+berkanteber
+OverlordQ
+rexlambert22
+Ti4eeT4e
+AmanSal1
+bbilly1
+meliber
+nnoboa
+rdamas
+RfadnjdExt
+urectanc
+nao20010128nao/Lesmiscore
+04-pasha-04
+aaruni96
+aky-01
+AmirAflak
+ApoorvShah111
+at-wat
+davinkevin
+demon071
+denhotte
+FinnRG
+fireattack
+Frankgoji
+GD-Slime
+hatsomatt
+ifan-t
+kshitiz305
+kylegustavo
+mabdelfattah
+nathantouze
+niemands
+Rajeshwaran2001
+RedDeffender
+Rohxn16
+sb0stn
+SevenLives
+simon300000
+snixon
+soundchaser128
+szabyg
+trainman261
+trislee
+wader
+Yalab7
+zhallgato
+zhong-yiyu
+Zprokkel
+AS6939
+drzraf
+handlerug
+jiru
+madewokherd
+xofe
+awalgarg
+midnightveil
+naginatana
+Riteo
diff --git a/Changelog.md b/Changelog.md
index 186998ede..6f45eab2f 100644
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,618 @@ # Changelog
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->
 
+### 2023.10.13
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Ensure thumbnail output directory exists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2acd1d555ef89851c73773776715d3de9a0e30b9) ([#7985](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7985)) by [Riteo](https://github.com/Riteo)
+- **utils**
+    - `js_to_json`: [Fix `Date` constructor parsing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d7ded6419089c1bf252496073f73ad90ed71004) ([#8295](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8295)) by [awalgarg](https://github.com/awalgarg), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `write_xattr`: [Use `os.setxattr` if available](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/84e26038d4002e763ea51ca1bdce4f7e63c540bf) ([#8205](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8205)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **artetv**: [Support age-restricted content](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/09f815ad52843219a7ee3f2a0dddf6c250c91f0c) ([#8301](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8301)) by [StefanLobbenmeier](https://github.com/StefanLobbenmeier)
+- **jtbc**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b286ec68f1f28798b3e371f888a2ed97d399cf77) ([#8314](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8314)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **mbn**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e030b6b6fba7b2f4614ad2ab9f7649d40a2dd305) ([#8312](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8312)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **nhk**: [Fix Japanese-language VOD extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4de94b9e165bfd6421a692f5f2eabcdb08edcb71) ([#8309](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8309)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **radiko**: [Fix bug with `downloader_options`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b9316642313bbc9e209ac0d2276d37ba60bceb49) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tenplay**: [Add support for seasons](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/88a99c87b680ae59002534a517e191f46c42cbd4) ([#7939](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7939)) by [midnightveil](https://github.com/midnightveil)
+- **youku**: [Improve tudou.com support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b7098d46b552a9322c6cea39ba80be5229f922de) ([#8160](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8160)) by [naginatana](https://github.com/naginatana)
+- **youtube**: [Fix bug with `--extractor-retries inf`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/feebf6d02fc9651331eee2af5e08e6112288163b) ([#8328](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8328)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Downloader changes
+- **fragment**: [Improve progress calculation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1c51c520f7b511ebd9e4eb7322285a8c31eedbbd) ([#8241](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8241)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [b634ba7](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b634ba742d8f38ce9ecfa0546485728b0c6c59d1) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [gamer191](https://github.com/gamer191)
+
+### 2023.10.07
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **abc.net.au**: iview: [Improve `episode` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a9efb4b8d74f3583450ffda0ee57259a47d39c70) ([#8201](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8201)) by [xofe](https://github.com/xofe)
+- **erocast**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/47c598783c98c179e04dd12c2a3fee0f3dc53087) ([#8264](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8264)) by [madewokherd](https://github.com/madewokherd)
+- **gofile**: [Fix token cookie bug](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0730d5a966fa8a937d84bfb7f68be5198acb039b) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **iq.com**: [Fix extraction and subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/35d9cbaf9638ccc9daf8a863063b2e7c135bc664) ([#8260](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8260)) by [AS6939](https://github.com/AS6939)
+- **lbry**
+    - [Add playlist support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/48cceec1ddb8649b5e771df8df79eb9c39c82b90) ([#8213](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8213)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [drzraf](https://github.com/drzraf), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Extract `uploader_id`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0e722f2f3ca42e634fd7b06ee70b16bf833ce132) ([#8244](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8244)) by [drzraf](https://github.com/drzraf)
+- **litv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/91a670a4f7babe9c8aa2018f57d8c8952a6f49d8) ([#7785](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7785)) by [jiru](https://github.com/jiru)
+- **neteasemusic**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f980df734cf5c0eaded2f7b38c6c60bccfeebb48) ([#8181](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8181)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **nhk**: [Fix VOD extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e831c80e8b2fc025b3b67d82974cc59e3526fdc8) ([#8249](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8249)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **radiko**: [Improve extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2ad3873f0dfa9285c91d2160e36c039e69d597c7) ([#8221](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8221)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **substack**
+    - [Fix download cookies bug](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2f2dda3a7e85148773da3cdbc03ac9949ec1bc45) ([#8219](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8219)) by [handlerug](https://github.com/handlerug)
+    - [Fix embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fbcc299bd8a19cf8b3c8805d6c268a9110230973) ([#8218](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8218)) by [handlerug](https://github.com/handlerug)
+- **theta**: [Remove extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/792f1e64f6a2beac51e85408d142b3118115c4fd) ([#8251](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8251)) by [alerikaisattera](https://github.com/alerikaisattera)
+- **wrestleuniversevod**: [Call API with device ID](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b095fd3fa9d58a65dc9b830bd63b9d909422aa86) ([#8272](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8272)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **xhamster**: user: [Support creator urls](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc8d8441524ec3442d7c0d3f8f33f15b66aa06f3) ([#8232](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8232)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix `heatmap` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/03e85ea99db76a2fddb65bf46f8819bda780aaf3) ([#8299](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8299)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Raise a warning for `Incomplete Data` instead of an error](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eb5bdbfa70126c7d5355cc0954b63720522e462c) ([#8238](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8238)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Update extractor tests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/19c90e405b4137c06dfe6f9aaa02396df0da93e5) ([#7718](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7718)) by [trainman261](https://github.com/trainman261)
+    - Miscellaneous: [377e85a](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/377e85a1797db9e98b78b38203ed9d4ded229991) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [gamer191](https://github.com/gamer191), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+### 2023.09.24
+
+#### Important changes
+- **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.8**
+Since Python 3.7 has reached end-of-life, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7803)
+- Security: [[CVE-2023-40581](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-40581)] [Prevent RCE when using `--exec` with `%q` on Windows](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-42h4-v29r-42qg)
+    - The shell escape function is now using `""` instead of `\"`.
+    - `utils.Popen` has been patched to properly quote commands.
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix HTTP headers and cookie handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6c5211cebeacfc53ad5d5ddf4a659be76039656f) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Fix `--check-formats`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8cb7fc44db010e965d808ee679ef0725cb6e147c) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Fix support for upcoming Python 3.12](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/836e06d246512f286f30c1371b2c54b72c9ecd93) ([#8130](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8130)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Merged with youtube-dl 66ab08](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d6254069c75877bc88bc3584f4326fb1853a543) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Prevent RCE when using `--exec` with `%q` (CVE-2023-40581)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de015e930747165dbb8fcd360f8775fd973b7d6e) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Raise minimum recommended Python version to 3.8](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/61bdf15fc7400601c3da1aa7a43917310a5bf391) ([#8183](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8183)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [`FFmpegFixupM3u8PP` may need to run with ffmpeg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f73c11803579889dc8e1c99e25dba9a22fef39d8) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **compat**
+    - [Add `types.NoneType`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e0c4db04dc82a699bdabd9821ddc239ebe17d30a) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan) (With fixes in [25b6e8f](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/25b6e8f94679b4458550702b46e61249b875a4fd))
+    - [Deprecate old functions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3d2623a898196640f7cc0fc8b70118ff19e6925d) ([#2861](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2861)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Ensure submodules are imported correctly](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a250b247334ce9f641e709cbb64974da6034a2b3) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **cookies**: [Containers JSON should be opened as utf-8](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dab87ca23650fd87184ff5286b53e6985b59f71d) ([#7800](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7800)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **dependencies**: [Handle deprecation of `sqlite3.version`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/35f9a306e6934793cff100200cd03f288ec33f11) ([#8167](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8167)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **outtmpl**: [Fix replacement for `playlist_index`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a264433c9fba147ecae2420091614186cfeeb895) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **utils**
+    - [Add temporary shim for logging](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1b392f905d20ef1f1b300b180f867d43c9ce49b8) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Improve `parse_duration`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/af86873218c24c3859ccf575a87f2b00a73b49d0) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - HTTPHeaderDict: [Handle byte values](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3f7965105d8d2048359e67c1e8b8ebd51588143b) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - `clean_podcast_url`: [Handle more trackers](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2af4eeb77246b8183aae75a0a8d19f18c08115b2) ([#7556](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7556)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [mabdelfattah](https://github.com/mabdelfattah)
+    - `js_to_json`: [Handle `Array` objects](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/52414d64ca7b92d3f83964cdd68247989b0c4625) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [std-move](https://github.com/std-move)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Extract subtitles from SMIL manifests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/550e65410a7a1b105923494ac44460a4dc1a15d9) ([#7667](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7667)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Fix `--load-pages`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/81b4712bca608b9015aa68a4d96661d56e9cb894) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Make `_search_nuxt_data` more lenient](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/904a19ee93195ce0bd4b08bd22b186120afb5b17) by [std-move](https://github.com/std-move)
+- **abematv**
+    - [Fix proxy handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/497bbbbd7328cb705f70eced94dbd90993819a46) ([#8046](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8046)) by [SevenLives](https://github.com/SevenLives)
+    - [Temporary fix for protocol handler](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9f66247289b9f8ecf931833b3f5f127274dd2161) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **amazonminitv**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/538d37671a17e0782d17f08df17800e2e3bd57c8) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [GautamMKGarg](https://github.com/GautamMKGarg)
+- **antenna**: [Support antenna.gr](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/665876034c8d3c031443f6b4958bed02ccdf4164) ([#7584](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7584)) by [stdedos](https://github.com/stdedos)
+- **artetv**: [Fix HLS formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c2da0b5ea215298135f76e3dc14b972a3c4afacb) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **axs**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/aee6b9b88c0bcccf27fd23b7e00fc0b7b168928f) ([#8094](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8094)) by [barsnick](https://github.com/barsnick)
+- **banbye**: [Support video ids containing a hyphen](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/578a82e497502b951036ce9da6fe0dac6937ac27) ([#8059](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8059)) by [kshitiz305](https://github.com/kshitiz305)
+- **bbc**: [Extract tracklist as chapters](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eda0e415d26eb084e570cf5372d38ee1f616b70f) ([#7788](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7788)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **bild.de**: [Extract HLS formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b4c1c408c63724339eb12b16c91b253a7ee62cfa) ([#8032](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8032)) by [barsnick](https://github.com/barsnick)
+- **bilibili**
+    - [Add support for series, favorites and watch later](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9e68747f9607f05e92bb7d9b6e79d678b50070e1) ([#7518](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7518)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+    - [Extract Dolby audio formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b84fda7388dd20d38921e23b469147f3957c1812) ([#8142](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8142)) by [ClosedPort22](https://github.com/ClosedPort22)
+    - [Extract `format_id`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5336bf57a7061e0955a37f0542fc8ebf50d55b17) ([#7555](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7555)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **bilibilibangumi**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bdd0b75e3f41ff35440eda6d395008beef19ef2f) ([#7337](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7337)) by [GD-Slime](https://github.com/GD-Slime)
+- **bpb**: [Overhaul extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f659e6439444ac64305b5c80688cd82f59d2279c) ([#8119](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8119)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **brilliantpala**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/92feb5654c5a4c81ba872904a618700fcbb3e546) ([#6680](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6680)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **canal1, caracoltvplay**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b3febedbeb662dfdf9b5c1d5799039ad4fc969de) ([#7151](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7151)) by [elyse0](https://github.com/elyse0)
+- **cbc**: [Ignore any 426 from API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9bf14be775289bd88cc1f5c89fd761ae51879484) ([#7689](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7689)) by [makew0rld](https://github.com/makew0rld)
+- **cbcplayer**: [Extract HLS formats and subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/339c339fec095ff4141b20e6aa83629117fb26df) ([#7484](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7484)) by [trainman261](https://github.com/trainman261)
+- **cbcplayerplaylist**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ed711897814f3ee0b1822e4205e74133467e8f1c) ([#7870](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7870)) by [trainman261](https://github.com/trainman261)
+- **cineverse**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/15591940ff102d1ae337d603a46d8f238c83a61f) ([#8146](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8146)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **crunchyroll**: [Remove initial state extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9b16762f48914de9ac914601769c76668e433325) ([#7632](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7632)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **douyutv**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/21f40e75dfc0055ea9cdbd7fe2c46c6f9b561afd) ([#7652](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7652)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **dropbox**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b9f2bc2dbed2323734a0d18e65e1e2e23dc833d8) ([#7926](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7926)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [denhotte](https://github.com/denhotte), [nathantouze](https://github.com/nathantouze) (With fixes in [099fb1b](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/099fb1b35cf835303306549f5113d1802d79c9c7) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+- **eplus**: inbound: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/295fbb3ae3a7d0dd50e286be5c487cf145ed5778) ([#5782](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5782)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **expressen**: [Improve `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a5e264d74b4bd60c6e7ec4e38f1a23af4e420531) ([#8153](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8153)) by [kylegustavo](https://github.com/kylegustavo)
+- **facebook**
+    - [Add dash manifest URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a854fbec56d5004f5147116a41d1dd050632a579) ([#7743](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7743)) by [ringus1](https://github.com/ringus1)
+    - [Fix webpage extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d3d81cc98f554d0adb87d24bfd6fabaaa803944d) ([#7890](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7890)) by [ringus1](https://github.com/ringus1)
+    - [Improve format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/308936619c8a4f3a52d73c829c2006ff6c55fea2) ([#8074](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8074)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+    - reel: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bb5d84c9d2f1e978c3eddfb5ccbe138036682a36) ([#7564](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7564)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [demon071](https://github.com/demon071)
+- **fox**: [Support foxsports.com](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/30b29f37159e9226e2f2d5434c9a4096ac4efa2e) ([#7724](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7724)) by [ischmidt20](https://github.com/ischmidt20)
+- **funker530**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0ce1f48bf1cb78d40d734ce73ee1c90eccf92274) ([#8040](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8040)) by [04-pasha-04](https://github.com/04-pasha-04)
+- **generic**
+    - [Fix KVS thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/53675852195d8dd859555d4789944a6887171ff8) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix generic title for embeds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/994f7ef8e6003f4b7b258528755d0b6adcc31714) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **gofile**: [Update token](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/99c99c7185f5d8e9b3699a6fc7f86ec663d7b97e) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **hotstar**
+    - [Extract `release_year`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7237c8dca0590aa7438ade93f927df88c9381ec7) ([#7869](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7869)) by [Rajeshwaran2001](https://github.com/Rajeshwaran2001)
+    - [Make metadata extraction non-fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/30ea88591b728cca0896018dbf67c2298070c669) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support `/clips/` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/86eeb044c2342d68c6ef177577f87852e6badd85) ([#7710](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7710)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **hungama**: [Overhaul extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b3a6ef1b3e235ba9a45142830b6edb357c71696) ([#7757](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7757)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Yalab7](https://github.com/Yalab7)
+- **indavideoembed**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/63e0c5748c0eb461a2ccca4181616eb930b4b750) ([#8129](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8129)) by [aky-01](https://github.com/aky-01)
+- **iprima**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/568f08051841aedea968258889539741e26009e9) ([#7216](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7216)) by [std-move](https://github.com/std-move)
+- **lbry**: [Fix original format extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/127a22460658ac39cbe5c4b3fb88d578363e0dfa) ([#7711](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7711)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **lecturio**: [Improve `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/efa2339502a37cf13ae7f143bd8b2c28f452d1cd) ([#7649](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7649)) by [simon300000](https://github.com/simon300000)
+- **magellantv**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f4ea501551526ebcb54d19b84cf0ebe798583a85) ([#7616](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7616)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **massengeschmack.tv**: [Fix title extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/81f46ac573dc443ad48560f308582a26784d3015) ([#7813](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7813)) by [sb0stn](https://github.com/sb0stn)
+- **media.ccc.de**: lists: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cf11b40ac40e3d23a6352753296f3a732886efb9) ([#8144](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8144)) by [Rohxn16](https://github.com/Rohxn16)
+- **mediaite**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/630a55df8de7747e79aa680959d785dfff2c4b76) ([#7923](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7923)) by [Grabien](https://github.com/Grabien)
+- **mediaklikk**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6e07e4bc7e59f5bdb60e93c011e57b18b009f2b5) ([#8086](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8086)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [zhallgato](https://github.com/zhallgato)
+- **mediastream**: [Make embed extraction non-fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/635ae31f68a3ac7f6393d59657ed711e34ee3552) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **mixcloud**: [Update API URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7b71643cc986de9a3768dac4ac9b64f4d05e7f5e) ([#8114](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8114)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **monstercat**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eaee21bf71889d495076037cbe590c8c0b21ef3a) ([#8133](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8133)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **motortrendondemand**: [Update `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c03a58ec9933e4a42c2d8fa80b8a0ddb2cde64e6) ([#7683](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7683)) by [AmirAflak](https://github.com/AmirAflak)
+- **museai**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/65cfa2b057d7946fbe322155a778fe206556d0c6) ([#7614](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7614)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **mzaalo**: [Improve `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7aee8e310b2c4f21d50aac0b420e1b3abde21a4) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **n1info**: article: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8ac5b6d96ae5c60cd5ae2495949e0068a6754c45) ([#7373](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7373)) by [u-spec-png](https://github.com/u-spec-png)
+- **nfl.com**: plus, replay: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1eaca74bc2ca0f5b1ec532f24c61de44f2e8cb2d) ([#7838](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7838)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **niconicochannelplus**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/698beb9a497f51693e64d167e572ff9efa4bc25f) ([#5686](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5686)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **nitter**: [Fix title extraction fallback](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a83da3717d30697102e76f63a6f29d77f9373c2a) ([#8102](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8102)) by [ApoorvShah111](https://github.com/ApoorvShah111)
+- **noodlemagazine**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bae4834245a708fff97219849ec880c319c88bc6) ([#7830](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7830)) by [RedDeffender](https://github.com/RedDeffender) (With fixes in [69dbfe0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/69dbfe01c47cd078682a87f179f5846e2679e927) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+- **novaembed**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2269065ad60cb0ab62408ae6a7b20283e5252232) ([#7910](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7910)) by [std-move](https://github.com/std-move)
+- **patreoncampaign**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/11de6fec9c9b8d34d1f90c8e6218ec58a3471b58) ([#7664](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7664)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **pbs**: [Add extractor `PBSKidsIE`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6d6081dda1290a85bdab6717f239289e3aa74c8e) ([#7602](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7602)) by [snixon](https://github.com/snixon)
+- **piapro**: [Support `/content` URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1bcb9fe8715b1f288efc322be3de409ee0597080) ([#7592](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7592)) by [FinnRG](https://github.com/FinnRG)
+- **piaulizaportal**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6636021206dad17c7745ae6bce6cb73d6f2ef319) ([#7903](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7903)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **picartovod**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/db9743894071760f994f640a4c24358f749a78c0) ([#7727](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7727)) by [Frankgoji](https://github.com/Frankgoji)
+- **pornbox**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/40999467f72db074a3f13057da9bf82a857530fe) ([#7386](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7386)) by [niemands](https://github.com/niemands)
+- **pornhub**: [Update access cookies for UK](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d3d579c2142f69831b6ae140e1d8e824e07fa0e) ([#7591](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7591)) by [zhong-yiyu](https://github.com/zhong-yiyu)
+- **pr0gramm**: [Rewrite extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b532556d0a85e7d76f8f0880861232fb706ddbc5) ([#8151](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8151)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **radiofrance**: [Add support for livestreams, podcasts, playlists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ba8e9eb2c8bbb699f314169fab8e544437ad731e) ([#7006](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7006)) by [elyse0](https://github.com/elyse0)
+- **rbgtum**: [Fix extraction and support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5fccabac27ca3c1165ade1b0df6fbadc24258dc2) ([#7690](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7690)) by [simon300000](https://github.com/simon300000)
+- **reddit**
+    - [Extract subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/20c3c9b433dd47faf0dbde6b46e4e34eb76109a5) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9a04113dfbb69b904e4e2bea736da293505786b8) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **rtvslo**: [Fix format extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/94389b225d9bcf29aa7ba8afaf1bbd7c62204eae) ([#8131](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8131)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **rule34video**: [Extract tags](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/58493923e9b6f774947a2131e5258e9f3cf816be) ([#7117](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7117)) by [soundchaser128](https://github.com/soundchaser128)
+- **rumble**: [Fix embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/23d829a3420450bcfb0788e6fb2cf4f6acdbe596) ([#8035](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8035)) by [trislee](https://github.com/trislee)
+- **s4c**
+    - [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b9de629d78ce31699f2de886071dc257830f9676) ([#7730](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7730)) by [ifan-t](https://github.com/ifan-t)
+    - [Add series support and extract subs/thumbs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fe371dcf0ba5ce8d42480eade54eeeac99ab3cb0) ([#7776](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7776)) by [ifan-t](https://github.com/ifan-t)
+- **sohu**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5be7e978867b5f66ad6786c674d79d40e950ae16) ([#7628](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7628)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **stageplus**: [Fix m3u8 extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/56b3dc03354b75be995759d8441d2754c0442b9a) ([#7929](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7929)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **streamanity**: [Remove](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2cfe221fbbe46faa3f46552c08d947a51f424903) ([#7571](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7571)) by [alerikaisattera](https://github.com/alerikaisattera)
+- **svtplay**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2301b5c1b77a65abbb46b72f91e1e4666fd5d985) ([#7789](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7789)) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [wader](https://github.com/wader)
+- **tbsjp**: [Add episode, program, playlist extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/876b70c8edf4c0147f180bd981fbc4d625cbfb9c) ([#7765](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7765)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **tiktok**
+    - [Fix audio-only format extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b09bd0c19648f60c59fb980cd454cb0069959fb9) ([#7712](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7712)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix webpage extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/069cbece9dba6384f1cc5fcfc7ce562a31af42fc) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **triller**: [Fix unlisted video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/39837ae3199aa934299badbd0d63243ed639e6c8) ([#7670](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7670)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tv5mondeplus**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7d3d658f4c558ee7d72b1c01b46f2126948681cd) ([#7952](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7952)) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [korli](https://github.com/korli)
+- **twitcasting**
+    - [Improve `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cebbd33b1c678149fc8f0e254db6fc0da317ea80) ([#8120](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8120)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+    - [Support `--wait-for-video`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c1d71d0d9f41db5e4306c86af232f5f6220a130b) ([#7975](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7975)) by [at-wat](https://github.com/at-wat)
+- **twitter**
+    - [Add fallback, improve error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6014355c6142f68e20c8374e3787e5b5820f19e2) ([#7621](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7621)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix GraphQL and legacy API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/92315c03774cfabb3a921884326beb4b981f786b) ([#7516](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7516)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix retweet extraction and syndication API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a006ce2b27357c15792eb5c18f06765e640b801c) ([#8016](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8016)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Revert 92315c03774cfabb3a921884326beb4b981f786b](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b03fa7834579a01cc5fba48c0e73488a16683d48) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - spaces
+        - [Fix format protocol](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/613dbce177d34ffc31053e8e01acf4bb107bcd1e) ([#7550](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7550)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+        - [Pass referer header to downloader](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6ef553792ed48462f9fd0e78143bef6b1a71c2e) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **unsupported**: [List more sites with DRM](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e7057383380d7d53815f8feaf90ca3dcbde88983) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **videa**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/98eac0e6ba0e510ae7dfdfd249d42ee71fb272b1) ([#8003](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8003)) by [aky-01](https://github.com/aky-01), [hatsomatt](https://github.com/hatsomatt)
+- **vrt**: [Update token signing key](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/325191d0c9bf3fe257b8a7c2eb95080f44f6ddfc) ([#7519](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7519)) by [Zprokkel](https://github.com/Zprokkel)
+- **wat.tv**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7cccab79e7d00ed965b48b8cefce1da8a0513409) ([#7898](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7898)) by [davinkevin](https://github.com/davinkevin)
+- **wdr**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5d0395498d7065aa5e55bac85fa9354b4b0d48eb) ([#7979](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7979)) by [szabyg](https://github.com/szabyg)
+- **web.archive**: vlive: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9652bca1bd02f6bc1b8cb1e186f2ccbf32225561) ([#8132](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8132)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **weibo**: [Fix extractor and support user extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/69b03f84f8378b0b5a2fbae56f9b7d860b2f529e) ([#7657](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7657)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **weverse**: [Support extraction without auth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c2d8ee0000302aba63476b7d5bd8793e57b6c8c6) ([#7924](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7924)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **wimbledon**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a15fcd299e767a510debd8dc1646fe863b96ce0e) ([#7551](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7551)) by [nnoboa](https://github.com/nnoboa)
+- **wrestleuniverseppv**: [Fix HLS AES key extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dae349da97cafe7357106a8f3187fd48a2ad1210) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add `player_params` extractor arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ba06d77a316650ff057347d224b5afa8b203ad65) ([#7719](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7719)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Fix `player_params` arg being converted to lowercase](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/546b2c28a106cf8101d481b215b676d1b091d276) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Fix consent cookie](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/378ae9f9fb8e8c86e6ac89c4c5b815b48ce93620) ([#7774](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7774)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - tab: [Detect looping feeds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1ba6fe9db5f660d5538588315c23ad6cf0371c5f) ([#6621](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6621)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- **zaiko**: [Improve thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ecef42c3adbcb6a84405139047923c4967316f28) ([#8054](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8054)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **zee5**: [Update access token endpoint](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a0de8bb8601146b8f87bf7cd562eef8bfb4690be) ([#7914](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7914)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **zoom**: [Extract duration](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/66cc64ff6696f9921ff112a278542f8d999ffea4) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Downloader changes
+- **external**
+    - [Fix ffmpeg input from stdin](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e57eb98222d29cc4c09ee975d3c492274a6e5be3) ([#7655](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7655)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fixes to cookie handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/42ded0a429c20ec13dc006825e1508d9a02f0ad4) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- **embedthumbnail**: [Support `m4v`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8a4cd12c8f8e93292e3e95200b9d17a3af39624c) ([#7583](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7583)) by [Neurognostic](https://github.com/Neurognostic)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Add module](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c365dba8430ee33abda85d31f95128605bf240eb) ([#2861](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2861)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Add request handler preference framework](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/db7b054a6111ca387220d0eb87bf342f9c130eb8) ([#7603](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7603)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Add strict Request extension checking](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/86aea0d3a213da3be1da638b9b828e6f0ee1d59f) ([#7604](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7604)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Fix POST requests with zero-length payloads](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/71baa490ebd3655746430f208a9b605d120cd315) ([#7648](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7648)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Fix `--legacy-server-connect`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/75dc8e673b481a82d0688aeec30f6c65d82bb359) ([#7645](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7645)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Fix various socks proxy bugs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/20fbbd9249a2f26c7ae579bde5ba5d69aa8fac69) ([#8065](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8065)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Ignore invalid proxies in env](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bbeacff7fcaa3b521066088a5ccbf34ef5070d1d) ([#7704](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7704)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Rewrite architecture](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/227bf1a33be7b89cd7d44ad046844c4ccba104f4) ([#2861](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2861)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- **Request Handler**
+    - urllib
+        - [Remove dot segments during URL normalization](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4bf912282a34b58b6b35d8f7e6be535770c89c76) ([#7662](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7662)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+        - [Simplify gzip decoding](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/59e92b1f1833440bb2190f847eb735cf0f90bc85) ([#7611](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7611)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K) (With fixes in [77bff23](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/77bff23ee97565bab2e0d75b893a21bf7983219a))
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**: [Make sure deprecated modules are added](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/131d132da5c98c6c78bd7eed4b37f4458561b3d9) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Add color to `download-archive` message](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2b029ca0a9f9105c4f7626993fa60e54c9782749) ([#5138](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5138)) by [aaruni96](https://github.com/aaruni96), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [6148833](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6148833f5ceb7674142ddb8d761ffe03cee7df69), [62b5c94](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/62b5c94cadaa5f596dc1a7083db9db12efe357be) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+        - [5ca095c](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5ca095cbcde3e32642a4fe5b2d69e8e3c785a021) by [barsnick](https://github.com/barsnick), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [gamer191](https://github.com/gamer191), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [sqrtNOT](https://github.com/sqrtNOT)
+        - [088add9](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/088add9567d39b758737e4299a0e619fd89d2e8f) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **devscripts**: `make_changelog`: [Fix changelog grouping and add networking group](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/30ba233d4cee945756ed7344e7ddb3a90d2ae608) ([#8124](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8124)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **docs**: [Update collaborators](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1be0a96a4d14f629097509fcc89d15f69a8243c7) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **test**
+    - [Add tests for socks proxies](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fcd6a76adc49d5cd8783985c7ce35384b72e545f) ([#7908](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7908)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Fix `httplib_validation_errors` test for old Python versions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/95abea9a03289da1384e5bda3d590223ccc0a238) ([#7677](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7677)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Fix `test_load_certifi`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de20687ee6b742646128a7629b57096631a20619) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - download: [Test for `expected_exception`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/661c9a1d029296b28e0b2f8be8a72a43abaf6536) by [at-wat](https://github.com/at-wat)
+
+### 2023.07.06
+
+#### Important changes
+- Security: [[CVE-2023-35934](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-35934)] Fix [Cookie leak](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-v8mc-9377-rwjj)
+    - `--add-header Cookie:` is deprecated and auto-scoped to input URL domains
+    - Cookies are scoped when passed to external downloaders
+    - Add `cookies` field to info.json and deprecate `http_headers.Cookie`
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Allow extractors to mark formats as potentially DRM](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bc344cd456380999c1ee74554dfd432a38f32ec7) ([#7396](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7396)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Bugfix for b4e0d75848e9447cee2cd3646ce54d4744a7ff56](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e59e20744eb32ce4b6ea0dece7c673be8376a710) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Change how `Cookie` headers are handled](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3121512228487c9c690d3d39bfd2579addf96e07) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Prevent `Cookie` leaks on HTTP redirect](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f8b4bcc0a791274223723488bfbfc23ea3276641) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- **formats**: [Fix best fallback for storyboards](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/906c0bdcd8974340d619e99ccd613c163eb0d0c2) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **outtmpl**: [Pad `playlist_index` etc even when with internal formatting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/47bcd437247152e0af5b3ebc5592db7bb66855c2) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **utils**: clean_podcast_url: [Handle protocol in redirect URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/91302ed349f34dc26cc1d661bb45a4b71f4417f7) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **abc**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f05fbae2a79ce0713077ccc68b354e63216bf20) ([#7434](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7434)) by [meliber](https://github.com/meliber)
+- **AdultSwim**: [Extract subtitles from m3u8](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5e16cf92eb496b7c1541a6b1d727cb87542984db) ([#7421](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7421)) by [nnoboa](https://github.com/nnoboa)
+- **crunchyroll**: music: [Fix `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5b4b92769afcc398475e481bfa839f1158902fe9) ([#7439](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7439)) by [AmanSal1](https://github.com/AmanSal1), [rdamas](https://github.com/rdamas)
+- **Douyin**: [Fix extraction from webpage](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a2be9781fbf4d7e4db245c277ca2ecc41cf3a7b2) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **googledrive**: [Fix source format extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3b7f5300c577fef40464d46d4e4037a69d51fe82) ([#7395](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7395)) by [RfadnjdExt](https://github.com/RfadnjdExt)
+- **kick**: [Fix `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ef8509c300ea50da86aea447eb214d3d6f6db6bb) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **qdance**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0a1ff118145b6449982ba401f9a9f656ecd8062) ([#7420](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7420)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **sbs**: [Python 3.7 compat](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f393bbe724b1fc6c7f754a5da507e807b2b40ad2) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **stacommu**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/af1fd12f675220df6793fc019dff320bc76e8080) ([#7432](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7432)) by [urectanc](https://github.com/urectanc)
+- **twitter**
+    - [Fix unauthenticated extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/49296437a8e5fa91dacb5446e51ab588474c85d3) ([#7476](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7476)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - spaces: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1cffd621cb371f1563563cfb2fe37d137e8a7bee) ([#7512](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7512)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vidlii**: [Handle relative URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad8902f616ad2541f9b9626738f1393fad89a64c) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **vk**: VKPlay, VKPlayLive: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8776349ef6b1f644584a92dfa00a05208a48edc4) ([#7358](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7358)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add extractor-arg `formats`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/58786a10f212bd63f9ad1d0b4d9e4d31c3b385e2) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Avoid false DRM detection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/94ed638a437fc766699d440e978982e24ce6a30a) ([#7396](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7396)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Fix comments' `is_favorited`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/89bed013741a776506f60380b7fd89d27d0710b4) ([#7390](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7390)) by [bbilly1](https://github.com/bbilly1)
+    - [Ignore incomplete data for comment threads by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4dc4d8473c085900edc841c87c20041233d25b1f) ([#7475](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7475)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Process `post_live` over 2 hours](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d949c10c45bfc359bdacd52e6a180169b8128958) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - stories: [Remove](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/90db9a3c00ca80492c6a58c542e4cbf4c2710866) ([#7459](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7459)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - tab: [Support shorts-only playlists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fcbc9ed760be6e3455bbadfaf277b4504b06f068) ([#7425](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7425)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Downloader changes
+- **aria2c**: [Add `--no-conf`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8a8af356e3bba98a7f7d333aff0777d5d92130c8) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **external**: [Scope cookies](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1ceb657bdd254ad961489e5060f2ccc7d556b729) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- **http**: [Avoid infinite loop when no data is received](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/662ef1e910b72e57957f06589925b2332ba52821) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- [Add CodeQL workflow](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6355b5f1e1e8e7f4ef866d71d51e03baf0e82f17) ([#7497](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7497)) by [jorgectf](https://github.com/jorgectf)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [337734d](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/337734d4a8a6500bc65434843db346b5cbd05e81) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **docs**: [Minor fixes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b532a3481046e1eabb6232ee8196fb696c356ff6) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **make_changelog**: [Skip reverted commits](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fa44802809d189fca0f4782263d48d6533384503) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+### 2023.06.22
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix bug in db3ad8a67661d7b234a6954d9c6a4a9b1749f5eb](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7cd97e8d8d42b500fea9abb2aa4ac9b0f98b2ad) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Improve `--download-sections`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b4e0d75848e9447cee2cd3646ce54d4744a7ff56) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - Support negative time-ranges
+    - Add `*from-url` to obey time-ranges in URL
+- [Indicate `filesize` approximated from `tbr` better](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0dff8e4d1e6e9fb938f4256ea9af7d81f42fd54f) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Support multiple `_VALID_URL`s](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5fd8367496b42c7b900b896a0d5460561a2859de) ([#5812](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5812)) by [nixxo](https://github.com/nixxo)
+- **dplay**: GlobalCyclingNetworkPlus: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/774aa09dd6aa61ced9ec818d1f67e53414d22762) ([#7360](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7360)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **dropout**: [Fix season extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/db22142f6f817ff673d417b4b78e8db497bf8ab3) ([#7304](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7304)) by [OverlordQ](https://github.com/OverlordQ)
+- **motherless**: [Add gallery support, fix groups](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2ff0f6f1914b82d4a51681a72cc0828115dcb4a) ([#7211](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7211)) by [rexlambert22](https://github.com/rexlambert22), [Ti4eeT4e](https://github.com/Ti4eeT4e)
+- **nebula**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3f756c8c4095b942cf49788eb0862ceaf57847f2) ([#7156](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7156)) by [Lamieur](https://github.com/Lamieur), [rohieb](https://github.com/rohieb)
+- **rheinmaintv**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/98cb1eda7a4cf67c96078980dbd63e6c06ad7f7c) ([#7311](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7311)) by [barthelmannk](https://github.com/barthelmannk)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add `ios` to default clients used](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1e75d97db21152acc764b30a688e516f04b8a142) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+        - IOS is affected neither by 403 nor by nsig so helps mitigate them preemptively
+        - IOS also has higher bit-rate 'premium' formats though they are not labeled as such
+    - [Improve description parsing performance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/71dc18fa29263a1ff0472c23d81bfc8dd4422d48) ([#7315](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7315)) by [berkanteber](https://github.com/berkanteber), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Improve nsig function name extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cd810afe2ac5567c822b7424800fc470ef2d0045) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Workaround 403 for android formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/81ca451480051d7ce1a31c017e005358345a9149) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- [Revert "Add automatic duplicate issue detection"](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a4486bfc1dc7057efca9dd3fe70d7fa25c56f700) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **cleanup**
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [7f9c6a6](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7f9c6a63b16e145495479e9f666f5b9e2ee69e2f) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+        - [812cdfa](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/812cdfa06c33a40e73a8e04b3e6f42c084666a43) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+### 2023.06.21
+
+#### Important changes
+- YouTube: Improved throttling and signature fixes
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add `--compat-option playlist-match-filter`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/93b39cdbd9dcf351bfa0c4ee252805b4617fdca9) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Add `--no-quiet`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d669772c65e8630162fd6555d0a578b246591921) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Add option `--color`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8417f26b8a819cd7ffcd4e000ca3e45033e670fb) ([#6904](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6904)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Add option `--netrc-cmd`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/db3ad8a67661d7b234a6954d9c6a4a9b1749f5eb) ([#6682](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6682)) by [NDagestad](https://github.com/NDagestad), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Add option `--xff`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c16644642b08e2bf4130a6c5fa01395d8718c990) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Auto-select default format in `-f-`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/372a0f3b9dadd1e52234b498aa4c7040ef868c7d) ([#7101](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7101)) by [ivanskodje](https://github.com/ivanskodje), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Deprecate internal `Youtubedl-no-compression` header](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/955c89584b66fcd0fcfab3e611f1edeb1ca63886) ([#6876](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6876)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Do not translate newlines in `--print-to-file`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9874e82b5a61582169300bea561b3e8899ad1ef7) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Ensure pre-processor errors do not block `--print`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f005a35aa7e4f67a0c603a946c0dd714c151b2d6) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan) (With fixes in [17ba434](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/17ba4343cf99701692a7f4798fd42b50f644faba))
+- [Fix `filepath` being copied to underlying format dict](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/84078a8b38f403495d00b46654c8750774d821de) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Improve HTTP redirect handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/08916a49c777cb6e000eec092881eb93ec22076c) ([#7094](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7094)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Populate `filename` and `urls` fields at all stages of `--print`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/170605840ea9d5ad75da6576485ea7d125b428ee) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan) (With fixes in [b5f61b6](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b5f61b69d4561b81fc98c226b176f0c15493e688))
+- [Relaxed validation for numeric format filters](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c3f624ef0a5d7a6ae1c5ffeb243087e9fc7d79dc) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Support decoding multiple content encodings](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/daafbf49b3482edae4d70dd37070be99742a926e) ([#7142](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7142)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Support loading info.json with a list at it's root](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ab1de9cb1e39cf421c2b7dc6756c6ff1955bb313) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Workaround erroneous urllib Windows proxy parsing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3f66b6fe50f8d5b545712f8b19d5ae62f5373980) ([#7092](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7092)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- **cookies**
+    - [Defer extraction of v11 key from keyring](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9b7a48abd1b187eae1e3f6c9839c47d43ccec00b) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Move `YoutubeDLCookieJar` to cookies module](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b87e01c123fd560b6a674ce00f45a9459d82d98a) ([#7091](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7091)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Support custom Safari cookies path](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a58182b75a05fe0a10c5e94a536711d3ade19c20) ([#6783](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6783)) by [NextFire](https://github.com/NextFire)
+    - [Update for chromium changes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b38d4c941d1993ab27e4c0f8e024e23c2ec0f8f8) ([#6897](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6897)) by [mbway](https://github.com/mbway)
+- **Cryptodome**: [Fix `__bool__`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/98ac902c4979e4529b166e873473bef42baa2e3e) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **jsinterp**
+    - [Do not compile regex](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7aeda6cc9e73ada0b0a0b6a6748c66bef63a20a8) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Fix division](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b4a252fba81f53631c07ca40ce7583f5d19a8a36) ([#7279](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7279)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix global object extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/01aba2519a0884ef17d5f85608dbd2a455577147) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Handle `NaN` in bitwise operators](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d7656184c6b8aa46b29149893894b3c24f1df00) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Handle negative numbers better](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7cf51f21916292cd80bdeceb37489f5322f166dd) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **outtmpl**
+    - [Allow `\n` in replacements and default.](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/78fde6e3398ff11e5d383a66b28664badeab5180) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Fix some minor bugs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ebe1b4e34f43c3acad30e4bcb8484681a030c114) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan) (With fixes in [1619ab3](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1619ab3e67d8dc4f86fc7ed292c79345bc0d91a0))
+    - [Support `str.format` syntax inside replacements](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec9311c41b111110bc52cfbd6ea682c6fb23f77a) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **update**
+    - [Better error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d2e84d5eb01c66fc5304e8566348d65a7be24ed7) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Do not restart into versions without `--update-to`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/02948a17d903f544363bb20b51a6d8baed7bba08) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Implement `--update-to` repo](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/665472a7de3880578c0b7b3f95c71570c056368e) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **upstream**
+    - [Merged with youtube-dl 07af47](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/42f2d40b475db66486a4b4fe5b56751a640db5db) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Merged with youtube-dl d1c6c5](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4823ec9f461512daa1b8ab362893bb86a6320b26) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan) (With fixes in [edbe5b5](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/edbe5b589dd0860a67b4e03f58db3cd2539d91c2) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+- **utils**
+    - `FormatSorter`: [Improve `size` and `br`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eedda5252c05327748dede204a8fccafa0288118) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan), [u-spec-png](https://github.com/u-spec-png)
+    - `js_to_json`: [Implement template strings](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0898c5c8ccadfc404472456a7a7751b72afebadd) ([#6623](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6623)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `locked_file`: [Fix for virtiofs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/45998b3e371b819ce0dbe50da703809a048cc2fe) ([#6840](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6840)) by [brandon-dacrib](https://github.com/brandon-dacrib)
+    - `strftime_or_none`: [Handle negative timestamps](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a35af4306d24c56c6358f89cdf204860d1cd62b4) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - `traverse_obj`
+        - [Allow iterables in traversal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/21b5ec86c2c37d10c5bb97edd7051d3aac16bb3e) ([#6902](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6902)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+        - [More fixes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b079c26f0af8085bccdadc72c61c8164ca5ab0f8) ([#6959](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6959)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `write_string`: [Fix noconsole behavior](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3b479100df02e20dd949e046003ae96ddbfced57) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Do not exit early for unsuitable `url_result`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/baa922b5c74b10e3b86ff5e6cf6529b3aae8efab) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Do not warn for invalid chapter data in description](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/84ffeb7d5e72e3829319ba7720a8480fc4c7503b) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- [Extract more metadata from ISM](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f68434cc74cfd3db01b266476a2eac8329fbb267) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **abematv**: [Add fallback for title and description extraction and extract more metadata](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c449c0655d7c8549e6e1389c26b628053b253d39) ([#6994](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6994)) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+- **acast**: [Support embeds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c91ac833ea99b00506e470a44cf930e4e23378c9) ([#7212](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7212)) by [pabs3](https://github.com/pabs3)
+- **adobepass**: [Handle `Charter_Direct` MSO as `Spectrum`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ea0570820336a0fe9c3b530d1b0d1e59313274f4) ([#6824](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6824)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **aeonco**: [Support Youtube embeds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ed81b74802b4247ee8d9dc0ef87eb52baefede1c) ([#6591](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6591)) by [alexklapheke](https://github.com/alexklapheke)
+- **afreecatv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fdd69db38924c38194ef236b26325d66ac815c88) ([#6283](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6283)) by [blmarket](https://github.com/blmarket)
+- **ARDBetaMediathek**: [Add thumbnail](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f78eb41e1c0f1dcdb10317358a26bf541dc7ee15) ([#6890](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6890)) by [StefanLobbenmeier](https://github.com/StefanLobbenmeier)
+- **bibeltv**: [Fix extraction, support live streams and series](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4ad58667c102bd82a7c4cca8aa395ec1682e3b4c) ([#6505](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6505)) by [flashdagger](https://github.com/flashdagger)
+- **bilibili**
+    - [Support festival videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ab29e47029e2f5b48abbbab78e82faf7cf6e9506) ([#6547](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6547)) by [qbnu](https://github.com/qbnu)
+    - SpaceVideo: [Extract signature](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6f10cdcf7eeaeae5b75e0a4428cd649c156a2d83) ([#7149](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7149)) by [elyse0](https://github.com/elyse0)
+- **biliIntl**: [Add comment extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b093c38cc9f26b59a8504211d792f053142c847d) ([#6079](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6079)) by [HobbyistDev](https://github.com/HobbyistDev)
+- **bitchute**: [Add more fallback subdomains](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0c4e0fbcade0fc92d14c2a6d63e360fe067f6192) ([#6907](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6907)) by [Neurognostic](https://github.com/Neurognostic)
+- **booyah**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f7f7a877bf8e87fd4eb0ad2494ad948ca7691114) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **BrainPOP**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/979568f26ece80bca72b48f0dd57d676e431059a) ([#6106](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6106)) by [MinePlayersPE](https://github.com/MinePlayersPE)
+- **bravotv**
+    - [Detect DRM](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1fe5bf240e6ade487d18079a62aa36bcc440a27a) ([#7171](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7171)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/06966cb8966b9aa4f60ab9c44c182a057d4ca3a3) ([#6568](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6568)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **camfm**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4cbfa570a1b9bd65b0f48770693377e8d842dcb0) ([#7083](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7083)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **cbc**
+    - [Fix live extractor, playlist `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7a7b1376fbce0067cf37566bb47131bc0022638d) ([#6625](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6625)) by [makew0rld](https://github.com/makew0rld)
+    - [Ignore 426 from API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4afb208cf07b59291ae3b0c4efc83945ee5b8812) ([#6781](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6781)) by [jo-nike](https://github.com/jo-nike)
+    - gem: [Update `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/871c907454693940cb56906ed9ea49fcb7154829) ([#6499](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6499)) by [makeworld-the-better-one](https://github.com/makeworld-the-better-one)
+- **cbs**: [Add `ParamountPressExpress` extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/44369c9afa996e14e9f466754481d878811b5b4a) ([#6604](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6604)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cbsnews**: [Overhaul extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f6e43d6fa9804c24525e1fed0a87782754dab7ed) ([#6681](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6681)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **chilloutzone**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6f4fc5660f40f3458882a8f51601eae4af7be609) ([#6445](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6445)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **clipchamp**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2f07c4c1da4361af213e5791279b9d152d2e4ce3) ([#6978](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6978)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **comedycentral**: [Add support for movies](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/66468bbf49562ff82670cbbd456c5e8448a6df34) ([#7108](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7108)) by [sqrtNOT](https://github.com/sqrtNOT)
+- **crtvg**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/26c517b29c8727e47948d6fff749d5297f0efb60) ([#7168](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7168)) by [ItzMaxTV](https://github.com/ItzMaxTV)
+- **crunchyroll**: [Rework with support for movies, music and artists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/032de83ea9ff2f4977d9c71a93bbc1775597b762) ([#6237](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6237)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **dacast**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c25cac2f8e5fbac2737a426d7778fd2f0efc5381) ([#6896](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6896)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **daftsex**: [Update domain and embed player url](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fc5a7f9b27d2a89b1f3ca7d33a95301c21d832cd) ([#5966](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5966)) by [JChris246](https://github.com/JChris246)
+- **DigitalConcertHall**: [Support films](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/55ed4ff73487feb3177b037dfc2ea527e777da3e) ([#7202](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7202)) by [ItzMaxTV](https://github.com/ItzMaxTV)
+- **discogs**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6daaf21092888beff11b807cd46f832f1f9c46a0) ([#6624](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6624)) by [rjy](https://github.com/rjy)
+- **dlf**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b423b6a48e0b19260bc95ab7d72d2138d7f124dc) ([#6697](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6697)) by [nick-cd](https://github.com/nick-cd)
+- **drtv**: [Fix radio page extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9a06b7b1891b48cebbe275652ae8025a36d97d97) ([#6552](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6552)) by [viktor-enzell](https://github.com/viktor-enzell)
+- **Dumpert**: [Fix m3u8 and support new URL pattern](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f8ae441501596733e2b967430471643a1d7cacb8) ([#6091](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6091)) by [DataGhost](https://github.com/DataGhost), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **elevensports**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ecfe47973f6603b5367fe2cc3c65274627d94516) ([#7172](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7172)) by [ItzMaxTV](https://github.com/ItzMaxTV)
+- **ettutv**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/83465fc4100a2fb2c188898fbc2f3021f6a9b4dd) ([#6579](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6579)) by [elyse0](https://github.com/elyse0)
+- **europarl**: [Rewrite extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/03789976d301eaed3e957dbc041573098f6af059) ([#7114](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7114)) by [HobbyistDev](https://github.com/HobbyistDev)
+- **eurosport**: [Improve `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/45e87ea106ad37b2a002663fa30ee41ce97b16cd) ([#7076](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7076)) by [HobbyistDev](https://github.com/HobbyistDev)
+- **facebook**: [Fix metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3b52a606881e6adadc33444abdeacce562b79330) ([#6856](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6856)) by [ringus1](https://github.com/ringus1)
+- **foxnews**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/97d60ad8cd6c99f01e463a9acfce8693aff2a609) ([#7222](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7222)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **funker530**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cab94a0cd8b6d3fffed5a6faff030274adbed182) ([#7291](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7291)) by [Cyberes](https://github.com/Cyberes)
+- **generic**
+    - [Accept values for `fragment_query`, `variant_query`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5cc0a8fd2e9fec50026fb92170b57993af939e4a) ([#6600](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6600)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [9bfe0d1](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9bfe0d15bd7dbdc6b0e6378fa9f5e2e289b2373b))
+    - [Add extractor-args `hls_key`, `variant_query`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c2e0fc40a73dd85ab3920f977f579d475e66ef59) ([#6567](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6567)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Attempt to detect live HLS](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/93e7c6995e07dafb9dcc06c0d06acf6c5bdfecc5) ([#6775](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6775)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **genius**: [Add support for articles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/460da07439718d9af1e3661da2a23e05a913a2e6) ([#6474](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6474)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **globalplayer**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/30647668a92a0ca5cd108776804baac0996bd9f7) ([#6903](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6903)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **gmanetwork**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2d97d154fe4fb84fe2ed3a4e1ed5819e89b71e88) ([#5945](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5945)) by [HobbyistDev](https://github.com/HobbyistDev)
+- **gronkh**: [Extract duration and chapters](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9c92b803fa24e48543ce969468d5404376e315b7) ([#6817](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6817)) by [satan1st](https://github.com/satan1st)
+- **hentaistigma**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/04f8018a0544736a18494bc3899d06b05b78fae6) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **hidive**: [Fix login](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e6ab678e36c40ded0aae305bbb866cdab554d417) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **hollywoodreporter**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6bdb64e2a2a6d504d8ce1dc830fbfb8a7f199c63) ([#6614](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6614)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **hotstar**: [Support `/shows/` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7f8ddebbb51c9fd4a347306332a718ba41b371b8) ([#7225](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7225)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **hrefli**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7e35526d5b970a034b9d76215ee3e4bd7631edcd) ([#6762](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6762)) by [selfisekai](https://github.com/selfisekai)
+- **idolplus**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c14b213679ed4401288bdc86ae696932e219222) ([#6732](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6732)) by [ping](https://github.com/ping)
+- **iq**: [Set more language codes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2d5cae9636714ff922d28c548c349d5f2b48f317) ([#6476](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6476)) by [D0LLYNH0](https://github.com/D0LLYNH0)
+- **iwara**
+    - [Accept old URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ab92d8651c48d247dfb7d3f0a824cc986e47c7ed) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+    - [Fix authentication](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0a5d7c39e17bb9bd50c9db42bcad40eb82d7f784) ([#7137](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7137)) by [toomyzoom](https://github.com/toomyzoom)
+    - [Fix format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/56793f74c36899742d7abd52afb0deca97d469e1) ([#6651](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6651)) by [hasezoey](https://github.com/hasezoey)
+    - [Fix typo](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1483ec693c79f0b4ddf493870bcb840aca4da08) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+    - [Implement login](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/21b9413cf7dd4830b2ece57af21589dd4538fc52) ([#6721](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6721)) by [toomyzoom](https://github.com/toomyzoom)
+    - [Overhaul extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c14af7a741931b364bab3d9546c0f4359f318f8c) ([#6557](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6557)) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+    - [Report private videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/95a383be1b6fb00c92ee3fb091732c4f6009acb6) ([#6641](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6641)) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+- **JStream**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3459d3c5af3b2572ed51e8ecfda6c11022a838c6) ([#6252](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6252)) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+- **jwplatform**: [Update `_extract_embed_urls`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cf9fd52fabe71d6e7c30d3ea525029ffa561fc9c) ([#6383](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6383)) by [carusocr](https://github.com/carusocr)
+- **kick**: [Make initial request non-fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0a6918a4a1431960181d8c50e0bbbcb0afbaff9a) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **LastFM**: [Rewrite playlist extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/026435714cb7c39613a0d7d2acd15d3823b78d94) ([#6379](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6379)) by [hatienl0i261299](https://github.com/hatienl0i261299), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **lbry**: [Extract original quality formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/44c0d66442b568d9e1359e669d8b029b08a77fa7) ([#7257](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7257)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **line**: [Remove extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/faa0332ed69e070cf3bd31390589a596e962f392) ([#6734](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6734)) by [sian1468](https://github.com/sian1468)
+- **livestream**: [Support videos with account id](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bfdf144c7e5d7a93fbfa9d8e65598c72bf2b542a) ([#6324](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6324)) by [theperfectpunk](https://github.com/theperfectpunk)
+- **medaltv**: [Fix clips](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1e3c2b6ec28d7ab5e31341fa93c47b65be4fbff4) ([#6502](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6502)) by [xenova](https://github.com/xenova)
+- **mediastream**: [Improve `WinSports` and embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/03025b6e105139d01cd415ddc51fd692957fd2ba) ([#6426](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6426)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **mgtv**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/59d9fe08312bbb76ee26238d207a8ca35410a48d) ([#7234](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7234)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **Mzaalo**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dc3c44f349ba85af320e706e2a27ad81a78b1c6e) ([#7163](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7163)) by [ItzMaxTV](https://github.com/ItzMaxTV)
+- **nbc**: [Fix `NBCStations` direct mp4 formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9be0fe1fd967f62cbf3c60bd14e1021a70abc147) ([#6637](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6637)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nebula**: [Add `beta.nebula.tv`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cbfe2e5cbe0f4649a91e323a82b8f5f774f36662) ([#6516](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6516)) by [unbeatable-101](https://github.com/unbeatable-101)
+- **nekohacker**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/489f51279d00318018478fd7461eddbe3b45297e) ([#7003](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7003)) by [hasezoey](https://github.com/hasezoey)
+- **nhk**
+    - [Add `NhkRadiru` extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f0be90ecb3b8d862397177bb226f17b245ef933) ([#6819](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6819)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+    - [Fix API extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f41b949a2ef646fbc36375febbe3f0c19d742c0f) ([#7180](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7180)) by [menschel](https://github.com/menschel), [sjthespian](https://github.com/sjthespian)
+    - `NhkRadiruLive`: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/81c8b9bdd9841b72cbfc1bbff9dab5fb4aa038b0) ([#7332](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7332)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **niconico**
+    - [Download comments from the new endpoint](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/52ecc33e221f7de7eb6fed6c22489f0c5fdd2c6d) ([#6773](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6773)) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+    - live: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f8f9250fe280d37f0988646cd5cc0072f4d33a6d) ([#5764](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5764)) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+    - series: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c86e433c35fe5da6cb29f3539eef97497f84ed38) ([#6898](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6898)) by [sqrtNOT](https://github.com/sqrtNOT)
+- **nubilesporn**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d4e6ef40772e0560a8ed33b844ef7549e86837be) ([#6231](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6231)) by [permunkle](https://github.com/permunkle)
+- **odnoklassniki**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a2eb5bda51d8b7a78a65acebf72a0dcf9da196b) ([#7217](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7217)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **opencast**
+    - [Add ltitools to `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3588be59cee429a0ab5c4ceb2f162298bb44147d) ([#6371](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6371)) by [C0D3D3V](https://github.com/C0D3D3V)
+    - [Fix format bug](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/89dbf0848370deaa55af88c3593a2a264124caf5) ([#6512](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6512)) by [C0D3D3V](https://github.com/C0D3D3V)
+- **owncloud**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6d4b82a8b8bce59b1c9ce5e6d349ea428dac0a7) ([#6533](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6533)) by [C0D3D3V](https://github.com/C0D3D3V)
+- **Parler**: [Rewrite extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/80ea6d3dea8483cddd39fc89b5ee1fc06670c33c) ([#6446](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6446)) by [JChris246](https://github.com/JChris246)
+- **pgatour**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3ae182ad89e1427ff7b1684d6a44ff93fa857a0c) ([#6613](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6613)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **playsuisse**: [Support new url format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/94627c5dde12a72766bdba36e056916c29c40ed1) ([#6528](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6528)) by [sbor23](https://github.com/sbor23)
+- **polskieradio**: [Improve extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/738c90a463257634455ada3e5c18b714c531dede) ([#5948](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5948)) by [selfisekai](https://github.com/selfisekai)
+- **pornez**: [Support new URL formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cbdf9408e6f1e35e98fd6477b3d6902df5b8a47f) ([#6792](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6792)) by [zhgwn](https://github.com/zhgwn)
+- **pornhub**: [Set access cookies to fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/62beefa818c75c20b6941389bb197051554a5d41) ([#6685](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6685)) by [arobase-che](https://github.com/arobase-che), [Schmoaaaaah](https://github.com/Schmoaaaaah)
+- **rai**: [Rewrite extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6d3f81a4077aaf9cffc6aa2d0dec92f38e74bb0) ([#5940](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5940)) by [danog](https://github.com/danog), [nixxo](https://github.com/nixxo)
+- **recurbate**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c2502cfed91415c7ccfff925fd3404d230046484) ([#6297](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6297)) by [mrscrapy](https://github.com/mrscrapy)
+- **reddit**
+    - [Add login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4d9280c9c853733534dda60486fa949bcca36c9e) ([#6950](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6950)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support cookies and short URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7a6f6f24592a8065376f11a58e44878807732cf6) ([#6825](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6825)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **rokfin**: [Re-construct manifest url](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7a6c8a0807941dd24fbf0d6172e811884f98e027) ([#6507](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6507)) by [vampirefrog](https://github.com/vampirefrog)
+- **rottentomatoes**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2d306c03d6f2697fcbabb7da35aa62cc078359d3) ([#6844](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6844)) by [JChris246](https://github.com/JChris246)
+- **rozhlas**
+    - [Extract manifest formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e4cf7741f9302b3faa092962f2895b55cb3d89bb) ([#6590](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6590)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - `MujRozhlas`: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c2b801fea59628d5c873e06a0727fbf2051bbd1f) ([#7129](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7129)) by [stanoarn](https://github.com/stanoarn)
+- **rtvc**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9b30cd3dfce83c2f0201b28a7a3ef44ab9722664) ([#6578](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6578)) by [elyse0](https://github.com/elyse0)
+- **rumble**
+    - [Detect timeline format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/78bc1868ff3352108ab2911033d1ac67a55f151e) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Fix videos without quality selection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6994afc030d2a786d8032075ed71a14d7eac5a4f) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **sbs**: [Overhaul extractor for new API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6a765f135ccb654861336ea27a2c1c24ea8e286f) ([#6839](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6839)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [vidiot720](https://github.com/vidiot720)
+- **shemaroome**: [Pass `stream_key` header to downloader](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7bc92517463f5766e9d9b92c3823b5cf403c0e3d) ([#7224](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7224)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **sonyliv**: [Fix login with token](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4815d35c191e7d375b94492a6486dd2ba43a8954) ([#7223](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7223)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **stageplus**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e5265dc6517478e589ee3c1ff0cb19bdf4e35ce1) ([#6838](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6838)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **stripchat**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f9213f8a2d7ba46b912afe1dd3ce6bb700a33d72) ([#7306](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7306)) by [foreignBlade](https://github.com/foreignBlade)
+- **substack**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/12037d8b0a578fcc78a5c8f98964e48ee6060e25) ([#7218](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7218)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **sverigesradio**: [Support slug URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5ee9a7d6e18ceea956e831994cf11c423979354f) ([#7220](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7220)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tagesschau**: [Fix single audio urls](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/af7585c824a1e405bd8afa46d87b4be322edc93c) ([#6626](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6626)) by [flashdagger](https://github.com/flashdagger)
+- **teamcoco**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c459d45dd4d417fb80a52e1a04e607776a44baa4) ([#6437](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6437)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **telecaribe**: [Expand livestream support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/69b2f838d3d3e37dc17367ef64d978db1bea45cf) ([#6601](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6601)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tencent**: [Fix fatal metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/971d901d129403e875a04dd92109507a03fbc070) ([#7219](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7219)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **thesun**: [Update `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0181b9a1b31db3fde943f7cd3fe9662f23bff292) ([#6522](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6522)) by [hatienl0i261299](https://github.com/hatienl0i261299)
+- **tiktok**
+    - [Extract 1080p adaptive formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c2a1bdb00931969193f2a31ea27b9c66a07aaec2) ([#7228](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7228)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix and improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/925936908a3c3ee0e508621db14696b9f6a8b563) ([#6777](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6777)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix mp3 formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8ceb07e870424c219dced8f4348729553f05c5cc) ([#6615](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6615)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix resolution extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ab6057ec80aa75db6303b8206916d00c376c622c) ([#7237](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7237)) by [puc9](https://github.com/puc9)
+    - [Improve `TikTokLive` extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/216bcb66d7dce0762767d751dad10650cb57da9d) ([#6520](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6520)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **triller**: [Support short URLs, detect removed videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/33b737bedf8383c0d00d4e1d06a5273dcdfdb756) ([#6636](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6636)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tv4**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/125ffaa1737dd04716f2f6fbb0595ad3eb7a4b1c) ([#5649](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5649)) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [TxI5](https://github.com/TxI5)
+- **tvp**: [Use new API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0c7ce146e4d2a84e656d78f6857952bfd25ab389) ([#6989](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6989)) by [selfisekai](https://github.com/selfisekai)
+- **tvplay**: [Remove outdated domains](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/937264419f9bf375d5656785ae6e53282587c15d) ([#7106](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7106)) by [ivanskodje](https://github.com/ivanskodje)
+- **twitch**
+    - [Extract original size thumbnail](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/80b732b7a9585b2a61e456dc0d2d014a439cbaee) ([#6629](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6629)) by [JC-Chung](https://github.com/JC-Chung)
+    - [Fix `is_live`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0551511b45f7847f40e4314aa9e624e80d086539) ([#6500](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6500)) by [elyse0](https://github.com/elyse0)
+    - [Support mobile clips](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/02312c03cf53eb1da24c9ad022ee79af26060733) ([#6699](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6699)) by [bepvte](https://github.com/bepvte)
+    - [Update `_CLIENT_ID` and add extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/01231feb142e80828985aabdec04ac608e3d43e2) ([#7200](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7200)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - vod: [Support links from schedule tab](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dbce5afa6bb61f6272ade613f2e9a3d66b88c7ea) ([#7071](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7071)) by [falbrechtskirchinger](https://github.com/falbrechtskirchinger)
+- **twitter**
+    - [Add login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1795f4a6af99c976c9d3ea2dabe5cf4f8965d3c) ([#7258](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7258)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Default to GraphQL, handle auth errors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/147e62fc584c3ea6fdb09bb7a47905df68553a22) ([#6957](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6957)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - spaces: [Add `release_timestamp`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1c16d9df5330819cc79ad588b24aa5b72765c168) ([#7186](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7186)) by [CeruleanSky](https://github.com/CeruleanSky)
+- **urplay**: [Extract all subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7bcd4813215ac98daa4949af2ffc677c78307a38) ([#7309](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7309)) by [hoaluvn](https://github.com/hoaluvn)
+- **voot**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4f7b11cc1c1cebf598107e00cd7295588ed484da) ([#7227](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7227)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vrt**: [Overhaul extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a7dcca378e80a387923ee05c250d8ba122441c6) ([#6244](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6244)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [bergoid](https://github.com/bergoid), [jeroenj](https://github.com/jeroenj)
+- **weverse**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b844a3f8b16500663e7ab6c6ec061cc9b30f71ac) ([#6711](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6711)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [fd5d93f](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fd5d93f7040f9776fd541f4e4079dad7d3b3fb4f))
+- **wevidi**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1ea15603d852971ed7d92f4de12808b27b3d9370) ([#6868](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6868)) by [truedread](https://github.com/truedread)
+- **weyyak**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6dc00acf0f1f1107a626c21befd1691403e6aeeb) ([#7124](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7124)) by [ItzMaxTV](https://github.com/ItzMaxTV)
+- **whyp**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2c566ed14101673c651c08c306c30fa5b4010b85) ([#6803](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6803)) by [CoryTibbettsDev](https://github.com/CoryTibbettsDev)
+- **wrestleuniverse**
+    - [Fix cookies support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8561c6d03f025268d6d3972abeb47987c8d7cbb) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix extraction, add login](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ef8fb7f029b816dfc95600727d84400591a3b5c5) ([#6982](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6982)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **wykop**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/aed945e1b9b7d3af2a907e1a12e6508cc81d6a20) ([#6140](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6140)) by [selfisekai](https://github.com/selfisekai)
+- **ximalaya**: [Sort playlist entries](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8790ea7b2536332777bce68590386b1aa935fac7) ([#7292](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7292)) by [linsui](https://github.com/linsui)
+- **YahooGyaOIE, YahooGyaOPlayerIE**: [Delete extractors due to website close](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/68be95bd0ca3f76aa63c9812935bd826b3a42e53) ([#6218](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6218)) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+- **yappy**: YappyProfile: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6f69101dc912690338d32e2aab085c32e44eba3f) ([#7346](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7346)) by [7vlad7](https://github.com/7vlad7)
+- **youku**: [Improve error message](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ef0848abd425dfda6db62baa8d72897eefb0007f) ([#6690](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6690)) by [carusocr](https://github.com/carusocr)
+- **youporn**: [Extract m3u8 formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ddae33754ae1f32dd9c64cf895c47d20f6b5f336) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add client name to `format_note` when `-v`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c795c39f27244cbce846067891827e4847036441) ([#6254](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6254)) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Add extractor-arg `include_duplicate_formats`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/86cb922118b236306310a72657f70426c20e28bb) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Bypass throttling for `-f17`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c9abebb851e6188cb34b9eb744c1863dd46af919) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Construct fragment list lazily](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2a23d92d9ec44a0168079e38bcf3d383e5c4c7bb) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan) (With fixes in [e389d17](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e389d172b6f42e4f332ae679dc48543fb7b9b61d))
+    - [Define strict uploader metadata mapping](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7666b93604b97e9ada981c6b04ccf5605dd1bd44) ([#6384](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6384)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Determine audio language using automatic captions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ff9b0e071ffae5543cc309e6f9e647ac51e5846e) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Extract `channel_is_verified`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8213ce28a485e200f6a7e1af1434a987c8e702bd) ([#7213](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7213)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Extract `heatmap` data](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5caf30dbc34f10b0be60676fece635b5c59f0d72) ([#7100](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7100)) by [tntmod54321](https://github.com/tntmod54321)
+    - [Extract more metadata for comments](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c35448b7b14113b35c4415dbfbf488c4731f006f) ([#7179](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7179)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Extract uploader metadata for feed/playlist items](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/93e12ed76ef49252dc6869b59d21d0777e5e11af) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Fix comment loop detection for pinned comments](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/141a8dff98874a426d7fbe772e0a8421bb42656f) ([#6714](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6714)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Fix continuation loop with no comments](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/18f8fba7c89a87f99cc3313a1795848867e84fff) ([#7148](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7148)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Fix parsing `comment_count`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/071670cbeaa01ddf2cc20a95ae6da25f8f086431) ([#6523](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6523)) by [nick-cd](https://github.com/nick-cd)
+    - [Handle incomplete initial data from watch page](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/607510b9f2f67bfe7d33d74031a5c1fe22a24862) ([#6510](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6510)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Ignore wrong fps of some formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/97afb093d4cbe5df889145afa5f9ede4535e93e4) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Misc cleanup](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/14a14335b280766fbf5a469ae26836d6c1fe450a) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Prioritize premium formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/51a07b0dca4c079d58311c19b6d1c097c24bb021) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Revert default formats to `https`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6786ff3baaf72a5baa4d56d34058e54cbcf8ceb) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Support podcasts and releases tabs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/447afb9eaa65bc677e3245c83e53a8e69c174a3c) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Support shorter relative time format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2fb35f6004c7625f0dd493da4a5abf0690f7777c) ([#7191](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7191)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - music_search_url: [Extract title](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/69a40e4a7f6caa5662527ebd2f3c4e8aa02857a2) ([#7102](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7102)) by [kangalio](https://github.com/kangalio)
+- **zaiko**
+    - [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/345b4c0aedd9d19898ce00d5cef35fe0d277a052) ([#7254](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7254)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+    - ZaikoETicket: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5cc09c004bd5edbbada9b041c08a720cadc4f4df) ([#7347](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7347)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **zdf**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ee0ed0338df328cd986f97315c8162b5a151476d) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **zee5**: [Fix extraction of new content](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d7fde89a40360396f0baa2ee8bf507f92108b32) ([#7280](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7280)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **zingmp3**: [Fix and improve extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/17d7ca84ea723c20668bd9bfa938be7ea0e64f6b) ([#6367](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6367)) by [hatienl0i261299](https://github.com/hatienl0i261299)
+- **zoom**
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/79c77e85b70ae3b9942d5a88c14d021a9bd24222) ([#6741](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6741)) by [shreyasminocha](https://github.com/shreyasminocha)
+    - [Fix share URL extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/90c1f5120694105496a6ad9e3ecfc6c25de6cae1) ([#6789](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6789)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Downloader changes
+- **curl**: [Fix progress reporting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/66aeaac9aa30b5959069ba84e53a5508232deb38) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **fragment**: [Do not sleep between fragments](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/424f3bf03305088df6e01d62f7311be8601ad3f4) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- [Fix chapters if duration is not extracted](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/01ddec7e661bf90dc4c34e6924eb9d7629886cef) ([#6037](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6037)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Print newline for `--progress-template`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/13ff78095372fd98900a32572cf817994c07ccb5) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **EmbedThumbnail, FFmpegMetadata**: [Fix error on attaching thumbnails and info json for mkv/mka](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0f0875ed555514f32522a0f30554fb08825d5124) ([#6647](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6647)) by [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore)
+- **FFmpegFixupM3u8PP**: [Check audio codec before fixup](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3f7e2bd80e3c5d8a1682f20a1b245fcd974f295d) ([#6778](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6778)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **FixupDuplicateMoov**: [Fix bug in triggering](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/26010b5cec50193b98ad7845d1d77450f9f14c2b) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- [Add automatic duplicate issue detection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/15b2d3db1d40b0437fca79d8874d392aa54b3cdd) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **build**
+    - [Fix macOS target](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/44a79958f0b596ee71e1eb25f158610aada29d1b) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Implement build verification using `--update-to`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b73193c99aa23b135732408a5fcf655c68d731c6) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Pin `pyinstaller` version for MacOS](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/427a8fafbb0e18c28d0ed7960be838d7b26b88d3) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+    - [Various build workflow improvements](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c4efa0aefec8daef1de62fd1693f13edf3c8b03c) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [6f2287c](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6f2287cb18cbfb27518f068d868fa9390fee78ad) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+        - [ad54c91](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad54c9130e793ce433bf9da334fa80df9f3aee58) by [freezboltz](https://github.com/freezboltz), [mikf](https://github.com/mikf), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **cleanup, utils**: [Split into submodules](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/69bec6730ec9d724bcedeab199d9d684d61423ba) ([#7090](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7090)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **cli_to_api**: [Add script](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46f1370e9af6f8af8762f67e27e5acb8f0c48a47) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **devscripts**: `make_changelog`: [Various improvements](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/23c39a4beadee382060bb47fdaa21316ca707d38) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **docs**: [Misc improvements](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8bc203fbf3bb09914e53f0833eed622ab7edbb9) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+
 ### 2023.03.04
 
 #### Extractor changes
diff --git a/Collaborators.md b/Collaborators.md
index 71baf5080..70ab616f1 100644
--- a/Collaborators.md
+++ b/Collaborators.md
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ # Collaborators
 ## [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
 
 [![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/pukkandan)
-[![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-red.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/pukkandan)
+[![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-white.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/pukkandan)
 
 * Owner of the fork
 
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ ## [shirt](https://github.com/shirt-dev)
 
 ## [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
 
-[![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-red.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/coletdjnz)
+[![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-white.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/coletdjnz)
 
 * Improved plugin architecture
 * YouTube improvements including: age-gate bypass, private playlists, multiple-clients (to avoid throttling) and a lot of under-the-hood improvements
@@ -44,16 +44,6 @@ ## [Ashish0804](https://github.com/Ashish0804) <sub><sup>[Inactive]</sup></sub>
 * Improved/fixed support for HiDive, HotStar, Hungama, LBRY, LinkedInLearning, Mxplayer, SonyLiv, TV2, Vimeo, VLive etc
 
 
-## [Lesmiscore](https://github.com/Lesmiscore) <sub><sup>(nao20010128nao)</sup></sub>
-
-**Bitcoin**: bc1qfd02r007cutfdjwjmyy9w23rjvtls6ncve7r3s  
-**Monacoin**: mona1q3tf7dzvshrhfe3md379xtvt2n22duhglv5dskr
-
-* Download live from start to end for YouTube
-* Added support for new websites AbemaTV, mildom, PixivSketch, skeb, radiko, voicy, mirrativ, openrec, whowatch, damtomo, 17.live, mixch etc
-* Improved/fixed support for fc2, YahooJapanNews, tver, iwara etc
-
-
 ## [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
 
 * `--update-to`, automated release, nightly builds
@@ -64,7 +54,7 @@ ## [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
 
 ## [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
 
-[![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/Grub4K) [![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-red.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/Grub4K)
+[![ko-fi](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Ko--fi-red.svg?logo=kofi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://ko-fi.com/Grub4K) [![gh-sponsor](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Github-white.svg?logo=github&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/sponsors/Grub4K)
 
 * `--update-to`, automated release, nightly builds
 * Rework internals like `traverse_obj`, various core refactors and bugs fixes
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index d5d47629b..c85b24c13 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ offlinetest: codetest
 	$(PYTHON) -m pytest -k "not download"
 
 # XXX: This is hard to maintain
-CODE_FOLDERS = yt_dlp yt_dlp/downloader yt_dlp/extractor yt_dlp/postprocessor yt_dlp/compat yt_dlp/dependencies
+CODE_FOLDERS = yt_dlp yt_dlp/downloader yt_dlp/extractor yt_dlp/postprocessor yt_dlp/compat yt_dlp/compat/urllib yt_dlp/utils yt_dlp/dependencies yt_dlp/networking
 yt-dlp: yt_dlp/*.py yt_dlp/*/*.py
 	mkdir -p zip
 	for d in $(CODE_FOLDERS) ; do \
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index de83e421f..1b92c64d6 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 [![License: Unlicense](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Unlicense-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge)](LICENSE "License")
 [![CI Status](https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/core.yml?branch=master&label=Tests&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions "CI Status")
 [![Commits](https://img.shields.io/github/commit-activity/m/yt-dlp/yt-dlp?label=commits&style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commits "Commit History")
-[![Last Commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/master?label=&style=for-the-badge&display_timestamp=committer)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commits "Commit History")
+[![Last Commit](https://img.shields.io/github/last-commit/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/master?label=&style=for-the-badge&display_timestamp=committer)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pulse/monthly "Last activity")
 
 </div>
 <!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@
     * [Extractor Options](#extractor-options)
 * [CONFIGURATION](#configuration)
     * [Configuration file encoding](#configuration-file-encoding)
-    * [Authentication with .netrc file](#authentication-with-netrc-file)
+    * [Authentication with netrc](#authentication-with-netrc)
     * [Notes about environment variables](#notes-about-environment-variables)
 * [OUTPUT TEMPLATE](#output-template)
     * [Output template examples](#output-template-examples)
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@
 
 # NEW FEATURES
 
-* Merged with **youtube-dl v2021.12.17+ [commit/2dd6c6e](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/commit/2dd6c6e)** ([exceptions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/21)) and **youtube-dlc v2020.11.11-3+ [commit/f9401f2](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc/commit/f9401f2a91987068139c5f757b12fc711d4c0cee)**: You get all the features and patches of [youtube-dlc](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc) in addition to the latest [youtube-dl](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl)
+* Forked from [**yt-dlc@f9401f2**](https://github.com/blackjack4494/yt-dlc/commit/f9401f2a91987068139c5f757b12fc711d4c0cee) and merged with [**youtube-dl@66ab08**](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/commit/66ab0814c4baa2dc79c2dd5287bc0ad61a37c5b9) ([exceptions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/21))
 
 * **[SponsorBlock Integration](#sponsorblock-options)**: You can mark/remove sponsor sections in YouTube videos by utilizing the [SponsorBlock](https://sponsor.ajay.app) API
 
@@ -85,11 +85,10 @@ # NEW FEATURES
 * **Merged with animelover1984/youtube-dl**: You get most of the features and improvements from [animelover1984/youtube-dl](https://github.com/animelover1984/youtube-dl) including `--write-comments`, `BiliBiliSearch`, `BilibiliChannel`, Embedding thumbnail in mp4/ogg/opus, playlist infojson etc. Note that NicoNico livestreams are not available. See [#31](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/31) for details.
 
 * **YouTube improvements**:
-    * Supports Clips, Stories (`ytstories:<channel UCID>`), Search (including filters)**\***, YouTube Music Search, Channel-specific search, Search prefixes (`ytsearch:`, `ytsearchdate:`)**\***, Mixes, YouTube Music Albums/Channels ([except self-uploaded music](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/723)), and Feeds (`:ytfav`, `:ytwatchlater`, `:ytsubs`, `:ythistory`, `:ytrec`, `:ytnotif`)
+    * Supports Clips, Stories (`ytstories:<channel UCID>`), Search (including filters)**\***, YouTube Music Search, Channel-specific search, Search prefixes (`ytsearch:`, `ytsearchdate:`)**\***, Mixes, and Feeds (`:ytfav`, `:ytwatchlater`, `:ytsubs`, `:ythistory`, `:ytrec`, `:ytnotif`)
     * Fix for [n-sig based throttling](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29326) **\***
     * Supports some (but not all) age-gated content without cookies
     * Download livestreams from the start using `--live-from-start` (*experimental*)
-    * `255kbps` audio is extracted (if available) from YouTube Music when premium cookies are given
     * Channel URLs download all uploads of the channel, including shorts and live
 
 * **Cookies from browser**: Cookies can be automatically extracted from all major web browsers using `--cookies-from-browser BROWSER[+KEYRING][:PROFILE][::CONTAINER]`
@@ -122,7 +121,7 @@ # NEW FEATURES
 
 * **Self updater**: The releases can be updated using `yt-dlp -U`, and downgraded using `--update-to` if required
 
-* **Nightly builds**: [Automated nightly builds](#update-channels) can be used with `--update-to nightly`
+* **Automated builds**: [Nightly/master builds](#update-channels) can be used with `--update-to nightly` and `--update-to master`
 
 See [changelog](Changelog.md) or [commits](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commits) for the full list of changes
 
@@ -152,19 +151,22 @@ ### Differences in default behavior
 * The upload dates extracted from YouTube are in UTC [when available](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/89e4d86171c7b7c997c77d4714542e0383bf0db0/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L3898-L3900). Use `--compat-options no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date` to prefer the non-UTC upload date.
 * If `ffmpeg` is used as the downloader, the downloading and merging of formats happen in a single step when possible. Use `--compat-options no-direct-merge` to revert this
 * Thumbnail embedding in `mp4` is done with mutagen if possible. Use `--compat-options embed-thumbnail-atomicparsley` to force the use of AtomicParsley instead
-* Some private fields such as filenames are removed by default from the infojson. Use `--no-clean-infojson` or `--compat-options no-clean-infojson` to revert this
+* Some internal metadata such as filenames are removed by default from the infojson. Use `--no-clean-infojson` or `--compat-options no-clean-infojson` to revert this
 * When `--embed-subs` and `--write-subs` are used together, the subtitles are written to disk and also embedded in the media file. You can use just `--embed-subs` to embed the subs and automatically delete the separate file. See [#630 (comment)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/630#issuecomment-893659460) for more info. `--compat-options no-keep-subs` can be used to revert this
 * `certifi` will be used for SSL root certificates, if installed. If you want to use system certificates (e.g. self-signed), use `--compat-options no-certifi`
 * yt-dlp's sanitization of invalid characters in filenames is different/smarter than in youtube-dl. You can use `--compat-options filename-sanitization` to revert to youtube-dl's behavior
 * yt-dlp tries to parse the external downloader outputs into the standard progress output if possible (Currently implemented: [~~aria2c~~](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5931)). You can use `--compat-options no-external-downloader-progress` to get the downloader output as-is
+* yt-dlp versions between 2021.09.01 and 2023.01.02 applies `--match-filter` to nested playlists. This was an unintentional side-effect of [8f18ac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f18aca8717bb0dd49054555af8d386e5eda3a88) and is fixed in [d7b460](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7b460d0e5fc710950582baed2e3fc616ed98a80). Use `--compat-options playlist-match-filter` to revert this
+* yt-dlp versions between 2021.11.10 and 2023.06.21 estimated `filesize_approx` values for fragmented/manifest formats. This was added for convenience in [f2fe69](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2fe69c7b0d208bdb1f6292b4ae92bc1e1a7444a), but was reverted in [0dff8e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0dff8e4d1e6e9fb938f4256ea9af7d81f42fd54f) due to the potentially extreme inaccuracy of the estimated values. Use `--compat-options manifest-filesize-approx` to keep extracting the estimated values
+* yt-dlp uses modern http client backends such as `requests`. Use `--compat-options prefer-legacy-http-handler` to prefer the legacy http handler (`urllib`) to be used for standard http requests.
 
 For ease of use, a few more compat options are available:
 
 * `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options (Do NOT use)
-* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams`
-* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter`
 * `--compat-options 2021`: Same as `--compat-options 2022,no-certifi,filename-sanitization,no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date`
-* `--compat-options 2022`: Same as `--compat-options no-external-downloader-progress`. Use this to enable all future compat options
+* `--compat-options 2022`: Same as `--compat-options playlist-match-filter,no-external-downloader-progress,prefer-legacy-http-handler`. Use this to enable all future compat options
 
 
 # INSTALLATION
@@ -179,29 +181,43 @@ # INSTALLATION
 [![All versions](https://img.shields.io/badge/-All_Versions-lightgrey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases)
 <!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
 
-You can install yt-dlp using [the binaries](#release-files), [PIP](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp) or one using a third-party package manager. See [the wiki](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation) for detailed instructions
+You can install yt-dlp using [the binaries](#release-files), [pip](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp) or one using a third-party package manager. See [the wiki](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation) for detailed instructions
 
 
 ## UPDATE
 You can use `yt-dlp -U` to update if you are using the [release binaries](#release-files)
 
-If you [installed with PIP](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation#with-pip), simply re-run the same command that was used to install the program
+If you [installed with pip](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation#with-pip), simply re-run the same command that was used to install the program
 
 For other third-party package managers, see [the wiki](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation#third-party-package-managers) or refer their documentation
 
 <a id="update-channels"/>
 
-There are currently two release channels for binaries, `stable` and `nightly`.
-`stable` is the default channel, and many of its changes have been tested by users of the nightly channel.
-The `nightly` channel has releases built after each push to the master branch, and will have the most recent fixes and additions, but also have more risk of regressions. They are available in [their own repo](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases).
+There are currently three release channels for binaries: `stable`, `nightly` and `master`.
+
+* `stable` is the default channel, and many of its changes have been tested by users of the `nightly` and `master` channels.
+* The `nightly` channel has releases scheduled to build every day around midnight UTC, for a snapshot of the project's new patches and changes. This is the **recommended channel for regular users** of yt-dlp. The `nightly` releases are available from [yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases) or as development releases of the `yt-dlp` PyPI package (which can be installed with pip's `--pre` flag).
+* The `master` channel features releases that are built after each push to the master branch, and these will have the very latest fixes and additions, but may also be more prone to regressions. They are available from [yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds/releases).
 
 When using `--update`/`-U`, a release binary will only update to its current channel.
-This release channel can be changed by using the `--update-to` option. `--update-to` can also be used to upgrade or downgrade to specific tags from a channel.
+`--update-to CHANNEL` can be used to switch to a different channel when a newer version is available. `--update-to [CHANNEL@]TAG` can also be used to upgrade or downgrade to specific tags from a channel.
+
+You may also use `--update-to <repository>` (`<owner>/<repository>`) to update to a channel on a completely different repository. Be careful with what repository you are updating to though, there is no verification done for binaries from different repositories.
 
 Example usage:
-* `yt-dlp --update-to nightly` change to `nightly` channel and update to its latest release
-* `yt-dlp --update-to stable@2023.02.17` upgrade/downgrade to release to `stable` channel tag `2023.02.17`
-* `yt-dlp --update-to 2023.01.06` upgrade/downgrade to tag `2023.01.06` if it exists on the current channel
+* `yt-dlp --update-to master` switch to the `master` channel and update to its latest release
+* `yt-dlp --update-to stable@2023.07.06` upgrade/downgrade to release to `stable` channel tag `2023.07.06`
+* `yt-dlp --update-to 2023.10.07` upgrade/downgrade to tag `2023.10.07` if it exists on the current channel
+* `yt-dlp --update-to example/yt-dlp@2023.09.24` upgrade/downgrade to the release from the `example/yt-dlp` repository, tag `2023.09.24`
+
+**Important**: Any user experiencing an issue with the `stable` release should install or update to the `nightly` release before submitting a bug report:
+```
+# To update to nightly from stable executable/binary:
+yt-dlp --update-to nightly
+
+# To install nightly with pip:
+python -m pip install -U --pre yt-dlp
+```
 
 <!-- MANPAGE: BEGIN EXCLUDED SECTION -->
 ## RELEASE FILES
@@ -247,7 +263,7 @@ #### Misc
 ```
 <!-- MANPAGE: END EXCLUDED SECTION -->
 
-**Note**: The manpages, shell completion files etc. are available inside the [source tarball](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.tar.gz)
+**Note**: The manpages, shell completion (autocomplete) files etc. are available inside the [source tarball](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.tar.gz)
 
 ## DEPENDENCIES
 Python versions 3.7+ (CPython and PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
@@ -271,12 +287,13 @@ ### Networking
 * [**certifi**](https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi)\* - Provides Mozilla's root certificate bundle. Licensed under [MPLv2](https://github.com/certifi/python-certifi/blob/master/LICENSE)
 * [**brotli**](https://github.com/google/brotli)\* or [**brotlicffi**](https://github.com/python-hyper/brotlicffi) - [Brotli](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brotli) content encoding support. Both licensed under MIT <sup>[1](https://github.com/google/brotli/blob/master/LICENSE) [2](https://github.com/python-hyper/brotlicffi/blob/master/LICENSE) </sup>
 * [**websockets**](https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets)\* - For downloading over websocket. Licensed under [BSD-3-Clause](https://github.com/aaugustin/websockets/blob/main/LICENSE)
+* [**requests**](https://github.com/psf/requests)\* - HTTP library. For HTTPS proxy and persistent connections support. Licensed under [Apache-2.0](https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/main/LICENSE)
 
 ### Metadata
 
 * [**mutagen**](https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen)\* - For `--embed-thumbnail` in certain formats. Licensed under [GPLv2+](https://github.com/quodlibet/mutagen/blob/master/COPYING)
 * [**AtomicParsley**](https://github.com/wez/atomicparsley) - For `--embed-thumbnail` in `mp4`/`m4a` files when `mutagen`/`ffmpeg` cannot. Licensed under [GPLv2+](https://github.com/wez/atomicparsley/blob/master/COPYING)
-* [**xattr**](https://github.com/xattr/xattr), [**pyxattr**](https://github.com/iustin/pyxattr) or [**setfattr**](http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/attr) - For writing xattr metadata (`--xattr`) on **Linux**. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/xattr/xattr/blob/master/LICENSE.txt), [LGPL2.1](https://github.com/iustin/pyxattr/blob/master/COPYING) and [GPLv2+](http://git.savannah.nongnu.org/cgit/attr.git/tree/doc/COPYING) respectively
+* [**xattr**](https://github.com/xattr/xattr), [**pyxattr**](https://github.com/iustin/pyxattr) or [**setfattr**](http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/attr) - For writing xattr metadata (`--xattr`) on **Mac** and **BSD**. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/xattr/xattr/blob/master/LICENSE.txt), [LGPL2.1](https://github.com/iustin/pyxattr/blob/master/COPYING) and [GPLv2+](http://git.savannah.nongnu.org/cgit/attr.git/tree/doc/COPYING) respectively
 
 ### Misc
 
@@ -360,10 +377,10 @@ ## General Options:
     -U, --update                    Update this program to the latest version
     --no-update                     Do not check for updates (default)
     --update-to [CHANNEL]@[TAG]     Upgrade/downgrade to a specific version.
-                                    CHANNEL and TAG defaults to "stable" and
-                                    "latest" respectively if omitted; See
-                                    "UPDATE" for details. Supported channels:
-                                    stable, nightly
+                                    CHANNEL can be a repository as well. CHANNEL
+                                    and TAG default to "stable" and "latest"
+                                    respectively if omitted; See "UPDATE" for
+                                    details. Supported channels: stable, nightly
     -i, --ignore-errors             Ignore download and postprocessing errors.
                                     The download will be considered successful
                                     even if the postprocessing fails
@@ -409,7 +426,8 @@ ## General Options:
                                     configuration files
     --flat-playlist                 Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
                                     only list them
-    --no-flat-playlist              Extract the videos of a playlist
+    --no-flat-playlist              Fully extract the videos of a playlist
+                                    (default)
     --live-from-start               Download livestreams from the start.
                                     Currently only supported for YouTube
                                     (Experimental)
@@ -421,8 +439,12 @@ ## General Options:
     --no-wait-for-video             Do not wait for scheduled streams (default)
     --mark-watched                  Mark videos watched (even with --simulate)
     --no-mark-watched               Do not mark videos watched (default)
-    --no-colors                     Do not emit color codes in output (Alias:
-                                    --no-colours)
+    --color [STREAM:]POLICY         Whether to emit color codes in output,
+                                    optionally prefixed by the STREAM (stdout or
+                                    stderr) to apply the setting to. Can be one
+                                    of "always", "auto" (default), "never", or
+                                    "no_color" (use non color terminal
+                                    sequences). Can be used multiple times
     --compat-options OPTS           Options that can help keep compatibility
                                     with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc
                                     configurations by reverting some of the
@@ -463,15 +485,11 @@ ## Geo-restriction:
                                     specified by --proxy (or none, if the option
                                     is not present) is used for the actual
                                     downloading
-    --geo-bypass                    Bypass geographic restriction via faking
-                                    X-Forwarded-For HTTP header (default)
-    --no-geo-bypass                 Do not bypass geographic restriction via
-                                    faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header
-    --geo-bypass-country CODE       Force bypass geographic restriction with
-                                    explicitly provided two-letter ISO 3166-2
-                                    country code
-    --geo-bypass-ip-block IP_BLOCK  Force bypass geographic restriction with
-                                    explicitly provided IP block in CIDR notation
+    --xff VALUE                     How to fake X-Forwarded-For HTTP header to
+                                    try bypassing geographic restriction. One of
+                                    "default" (only when known to be useful),
+                                    "never", an IP block in CIDR notation, or a
+                                    two-letter ISO 3166-2 country code
 
 ## Video Selection:
     -I, --playlist-items ITEM_SPEC  Comma separated playlist_index of the items
@@ -518,7 +536,7 @@ ## Video Selection:
                                     dogs" (caseless). Use "--match-filter -" to
                                     interactively ask whether to download each
                                     video
-    --no-match-filter               Do not use any --match-filter (default)
+    --no-match-filters              Do not use any --match-filter (default)
     --break-match-filters FILTER    Same as "--match-filters" but stops the
                                     download process when a video is rejected
     --no-break-match-filters        Do not use any --break-match-filters (default)
@@ -605,12 +623,14 @@ ## Download Options:
     --no-hls-use-mpegts             Do not use the mpegts container for HLS
                                     videos. This is default when not downloading
                                     live streams
-    --download-sections REGEX       Download only chapters whose title matches
-                                    the given regular expression. Time ranges
-                                    prefixed by a "*" can also be used in place
-                                    of chapters to download the specified range.
-                                    Needs ffmpeg. This option can be used
-                                    multiple times to download multiple
+    --download-sections REGEX       Download only chapters that match the
+                                    regular expression. A "*" prefix denotes
+                                    time-range instead of chapter. Negative
+                                    timestamps are calculated from the end.
+                                    "*from-url" can be used to download between
+                                    the "start_time" and "end_time" extracted
+                                    from the URL. Needs ffmpeg. This option can
+                                    be used multiple times to download multiple
                                     sections, e.g. --download-sections
                                     "*10:15-inf" --download-sections "intro"
     --downloader [PROTO:]NAME       Name or path of the external downloader to
@@ -694,9 +714,8 @@ ## Filesystem Options:
                                     --write-description etc. (default)
     --no-write-playlist-metafiles   Do not write playlist metadata when using
                                     --write-info-json, --write-description etc.
-    --clean-info-json               Remove some private fields such as filenames
-                                    from the infojson. Note that it could still
-                                    contain some personal information (default)
+    --clean-info-json               Remove some internal metadata such as
+                                    filenames from the infojson (default)
     --no-clean-info-json            Write all fields to the infojson
     --write-comments                Retrieve video comments to be placed in the
                                     infojson. The comments are fetched even
@@ -724,7 +743,7 @@ ## Filesystem Options:
                                     By default, all containers of the most
                                     recently accessed profile are used.
                                     Currently supported keyrings are: basictext,
-                                    gnomekeyring, kwallet
+                                    gnomekeyring, kwallet, kwallet5, kwallet6
     --no-cookies-from-browser       Do not load cookies from browser (default)
     --cache-dir DIR                 Location in the filesystem where yt-dlp can
                                     store some downloaded information (such as
@@ -752,6 +771,7 @@ ## Internet Shortcut Options:
 ## Verbosity and Simulation Options:
     -q, --quiet                     Activate quiet mode. If used with --verbose,
                                     print the log to stderr
+    --no-quiet                      Deactivate quiet mode. (Default)
     --no-warnings                   Ignore warnings
     -s, --simulate                  Do not download the video and do not write
                                     anything to disk
@@ -904,7 +924,9 @@ ## Authentication Options:
     --netrc-location PATH           Location of .netrc authentication data;
                                     either the path or its containing directory.
                                     Defaults to ~/.netrc
-    --video-password PASSWORD       Video password (vimeo, youku)
+    --netrc-cmd NETRC_CMD           Command to execute to get the credentials
+                                    for an extractor.
+    --video-password PASSWORD       Video-specific password
     --ap-mso MSO                    Adobe Pass multiple-system operator (TV
                                     provider) identifier, use --ap-list-mso for
                                     a list of available MSOs
@@ -1033,13 +1055,10 @@ ## Post-Processing Options:
                                     that of --use-postprocessor (default:
                                     after_move). Same syntax as the output
                                     template can be used to pass any field as
-                                    arguments to the command. After download, an
-                                    additional field "filepath" that contains
-                                    the final path of the downloaded file is
-                                    also available, and if no fields are passed,
-                                    %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended to the
-                                    end of the command. This option can be used
-                                    multiple times
+                                    arguments to the command. If no fields are
+                                    passed, %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended
+                                    to the end of the command. This option can
+                                    be used multiple times
     --no-exec                       Remove any previously defined --exec
     --convert-subs FORMAT           Convert the subtitles to another format
                                     (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt)
@@ -1197,7 +1216,7 @@ ### Configuration file encoding
 
 If you want your file to be decoded differently, add `# coding: ENCODING` to the beginning of the file (e.g. `# coding: shift-jis`). There must be no characters before that, even spaces or BOM.
 
-### Authentication with `.netrc` file
+### Authentication with netrc
 
 You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every yt-dlp execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](https://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on a per-extractor basis. For that you will need to create a `.netrc` file in `--netrc-location` and restrict permissions to read/write by only you:
 ```
@@ -1217,6 +1236,14 @@ ### Authentication with `.netrc` file
 
 The default location of the .netrc file is `~` (see below).
 
+As an alternative to using the `.netrc` file, which has the disadvantage of keeping your passwords in a plain text file, you can configure a custom shell command to provide the credentials for an extractor. This is done by providing the `--netrc-cmd` parameter, it shall output the credentials in the netrc format and return `0` on success, other values will be treated as an error. `{}` in the command will be replaced by the name of the extractor to make it possible to select the credentials for the right extractor.
+
+E.g. To use an encrypted `.netrc` file stored as `.authinfo.gpg`
+```
+yt-dlp --netrc-cmd 'gpg --decrypt ~/.authinfo.gpg' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
+```
+
+
 ### Notes about environment variables
 * Environment variables are normally specified as `${VARIABLE}`/`$VARIABLE` on UNIX and `%VARIABLE%` on Windows; but is always shown as `${VARIABLE}` in this documentation
 * yt-dlp also allow using UNIX-style variables on Windows for path-like options; e.g. `--output`, `--config-location`
@@ -1246,7 +1273,7 @@ # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
 
 1. **Alternatives**: Alternate fields can be specified separated with a `,`. E.g. `%(release_date>%Y,upload_date>%Y|Unknown)s`
 
-1. **Replacement**: A replacement value can be specified using a `&` separator. If the field is *not* empty, this replacement value will be used instead of the actual field content. This is done after alternate fields are considered; thus the replacement is used if *any* of the alternative fields is *not* empty.
+1. **Replacement**: A replacement value can be specified using a `&` separator according to the [`str.format` mini-language](https://docs.python.org/3/library/string.html#format-specification-mini-language). If the field is *not* empty, this replacement value will be used instead of the actual field content. This is done after alternate fields are considered; thus the replacement is used if *any* of the alternative fields is *not* empty. E.g. `%(chapters&has chapters|no chapters)s`, `%(title&TITLE={:>20}|NO TITLE)s`
 
 1. **Default**: A literal default value can be specified for when the field is empty using a `|` separator. This overrides `--output-na-placeholder`. E.g. `%(uploader|Unknown)s`
 
@@ -1287,6 +1314,7 @@ # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
  - `channel` (string): Full name of the channel the video is uploaded on
  - `channel_id` (string): Id of the channel
  - `channel_follower_count` (numeric): Number of followers of the channel
+ - `channel_is_verified` (boolean): Whether the channel is verified on the platform
  - `location` (string): Physical location where the video was filmed
  - `duration` (numeric): Length of the video in seconds
  - `duration_string` (string): Length of the video (HH:mm:ss)
@@ -1308,7 +1336,7 @@ # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
  - `extractor` (string): Name of the extractor
  - `extractor_key` (string): Key name of the extractor
  - `epoch` (numeric): Unix epoch of when the information extraction was completed
- - `autonumber` (numeric): Number that will be increased with each download, starting at `--autonumber-start`
+ - `autonumber` (numeric): Number that will be increased with each download, starting at `--autonumber-start`, padded with leading zeros to 5 digits
  - `video_autonumber` (numeric): Number that will be increased with each video
  - `n_entries` (numeric): Total number of extracted items in the playlist
  - `playlist_id` (string): Identifier of the playlist that contains the video
@@ -1371,7 +1399,10 @@ # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
  - `subtitles_table` (table): The subtitle format table as printed by `--list-subs`
  - `automatic_captions_table` (table): The automatic subtitle format table as printed by `--list-subs`
  
+ Available only after the video is downloaded (`post_process`/`after_move`):
  
+ - `filepath`: Actual path of downloaded video file
+
 Available only in `--sponsorblock-chapter-title`:
 
  - `start_time` (numeric): Start time of the chapter in seconds
@@ -1417,7 +1448,7 @@ # Download YouTube playlist videos in separate directories according to their up
 $ yt-dlp -o "%(upload_date>%Y)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwiyx1dc3P2JR9N8gQaQN_BCvlSlap7re"
 
 # Prefix playlist index with " - " separator, but only if it is available
-$ yt-dlp -o '%(playlist_index|)s%(playlist_index& - |)s%(title)s.%(ext)s' BaW_jenozKc "https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists"
+$ yt-dlp -o "%(playlist_index&{} - |)s%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc "https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists"
 
 # Download all playlists of YouTube channel/user keeping each playlist in separate directory:
 $ yt-dlp -o "%(uploader)s/%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s" "https://www.youtube.com/user/TheLinuxFoundation/playlists"
@@ -1491,7 +1522,7 @@ # FORMAT SELECTION
 
 ## Filtering Formats
 
-You can also filter the video formats by putting a condition in brackets, as in `-f "best[height=720]"` (or `-f "[filesize>10M]"`).
+You can also filter the video formats by putting a condition in brackets, as in `-f "best[height=720]"` (or `-f "[filesize>10M]"` since filters without a selector are interpreted as `best`).
 
 The following numeric meta fields can be used with comparisons `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`, `=` (equals), `!=` (not equals):
 
@@ -1527,7 +1558,7 @@ ## Filtering Formats
 
 **Note**: None of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the website. Any other field made available by the extractor can also be used for filtering.
 
-Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (`?`) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so `-f "[height<=?720][tbr>500]"` selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. You can also use the filters with `all` to download all formats that satisfy the filter, e.g. `-f "all[vcodec=none]"` selects all audio-only formats.
+Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (`?`) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so `-f "bv[height<=?720][tbr>500]"` selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 KBit/s. You can also use the filters with `all` to download all formats that satisfy the filter, e.g. `-f "all[vcodec=none]"` selects all audio-only formats.
 
 Format selectors can also be grouped using parentheses; e.g. `-f "(mp4,webm)[height<480]"` will download the best pre-merged mp4 and webm formats with a height lower than 480.
 
@@ -1551,7 +1582,7 @@ ## Sorting Formats
  - `aext`: Audio Extension (`m4a` > `aac` > `mp3` > `ogg` > `opus` > `webm` > other). If `--prefer-free-formats` is used, the order changes to `ogg` > `opus` > `webm` > `mp3` > `m4a` > `aac`
  - `ext`: Equivalent to `vext,aext`
  - `filesize`: Exact filesize, if known in advance
- - `fs_approx`: Approximate filesize calculated from the manifests
+ - `fs_approx`: Approximate filesize
  - `size`: Exact filesize if available, otherwise approximate filesize
  - `height`: Height of video
  - `width`: Width of video
@@ -1562,7 +1593,7 @@ ## Sorting Formats
  - `tbr`: Total average bitrate in KBit/s
  - `vbr`: Average video bitrate in KBit/s
  - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in KBit/s
- - `br`: Equivalent to using `tbr,vbr,abr`
+ - `br`: Average bitrate in KBit/s, `tbr`/`vbr`/`abr`
  - `asr`: Audio sample rate in Hz
  
 **Deprecation warning**: Many of these fields have (currently undocumented) aliases, that may be removed in a future version. It is recommended to use only the documented field names.
@@ -1712,7 +1743,7 @@ # MODIFYING METADATA
 
 This option also has a few special uses:
 
-* You can download an additional URL based on the metadata of the currently downloaded video. To do this, set the field `additional_urls` to the URL that you want to download. E.g. `--parse-metadata "description:(?P<additional_urls>https?://www\.vimeo\.com/\d+)` will download the first vimeo video found in the description
+* You can download an additional URL based on the metadata of the currently downloaded video. To do this, set the field `additional_urls` to the URL that you want to download. E.g. `--parse-metadata "description:(?P<additional_urls>https?://www\.vimeo\.com/\d+)"` will download the first vimeo video found in the description
 
 * You can use this to change the metadata that is embedded in the media file. To do this, set the value of the corresponding field with a `meta_` prefix. For example, any value you set to `meta_description` field will be added to the `description` field in the file - you can use this to set a different "description" and "synopsis". To modify the metadata of individual streams, use the `meta<n>_` prefix (e.g. `meta1_language`). Any value set to the `meta_` field will overwrite all default values.
 
@@ -1764,7 +1795,7 @@ # Do not set any "synopsis" in the video metadata
 $ yt-dlp --parse-metadata ":(?P<meta_synopsis>)"
 
 # Remove "formats" field from the infojson by setting it to an empty string
-$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata ":(?P<formats>)" -j
+$ yt-dlp --parse-metadata "video::(?P<formats>)" --write-info-json
 
 # Replace all spaces and "_" in title and uploader with a `-`
 $ yt-dlp --replace-in-metadata "title,uploader" "[ _]" "-"
@@ -1782,22 +1813,26 @@ # EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS
 #### youtube
 * `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/c26f9b991a0681fd3ea548d535919cec1fbbd430/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L381-L390) for list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
-* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `android` and `ios` with variants `_music`, `_embedded`, `_embedscreen`, `_creator` (e.g. `web_embedded`); and `mweb` and `tv_embedded` (agegate bypass) with no variants. By default, `android,web` is used, but `tv_embedded` and `creator` variants are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly, the music variants are added for `music.youtube.com` urls. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients.
+* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `android` and `ios` with variants `_music`, `_embedded`, `_embedscreen`, `_creator` (e.g. `web_embedded`); and `mweb`, `mweb_embedscreen` and `tv_embedded` (agegate bypass) with no variants. By default, `ios,android,web` is used, but `tv_embedded` and `creator` variants are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly, the music variants are added for `music.youtube.com` urls. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients.
 * `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) for more details
+* `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
 * `max_comments`: Limit the amount of comments to gather. Comma-separated list of integers representing `max-comments,max-parents,max-replies,max-replies-per-thread`. Default is `all,all,all,all`
     * E.g. `all,all,1000,10` will get a maximum of 1000 replies total, with up to 10 replies per thread. `1000,all,100` will get a maximum of 1000 comments, with a maximum of 100 replies total
-* `include_duplicate_formats`: Extract formats with identical content but different URLs or protocol. This is useful if some of the formats are unavailable or throttled.
-* `include_incomplete_formats`: Extract formats that cannot be downloaded completely (live dash and post-live m3u8)
+* `formats`: Change the types of formats to return. `dashy` (convert HTTP to DASH), `duplicate` (identical content but different URLs or protocol; includes `dashy`), `incomplete` (cannot be downloaded completely - live dash and post-live m3u8)
 * `innertube_host`: Innertube API host to use for all API requests; e.g. `studio.youtube.com`, `youtubei.googleapis.com`. Note that cookies exported from one subdomain will not work on others
 * `innertube_key`: Innertube API key to use for all API requests
+* `raise_incomplete_data`: `Incomplete Data Received` raises an error instead of reporting a warning
 
 #### youtubetab (YouTube playlists, channels, feeds, etc.)
 * `skip`: One or more of `webpage` (skip initial webpage download), `authcheck` (allow the download of playlists requiring authentication when no initial webpage is downloaded. This may cause unwanted behavior, see [#1122](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/1122) for more details)
 * `approximate_date`: Extract approximate `upload_date` and `timestamp` in flat-playlist. This may cause date-based filters to be slightly off
 
 #### generic
-* `fragment_query`: Passthrough any query in mpd/m3u8 manifest URLs to their fragments. Does not apply to ffmpeg
+* `fragment_query`: Passthrough any query in mpd/m3u8 manifest URLs to their fragments if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `fragment_query=VALUE`. Does not apply to ffmpeg
+* `variant_query`: Passthrough the master m3u8 URL query to its variant playlist URLs if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `variant_query=VALUE`
+* `hls_key`: An HLS AES-128 key URI *or* key (as hex), and optionally the IV (as hex), in the form of `(URI|KEY)[,IV]`; e.g. `generic:hls_key=ABCDEF1234567980,0xFEDCBA0987654321`. Passing any of these values will force usage of the native HLS downloader and override the corresponding values found in the m3u8 playlist
+* `is_live`: Bypass live HLS detection and manually set `live_status` - a value of `false` will set `not_live`, any other value (or no value) will set `is_live`
 
 #### funimation
 * `language`: Audio languages to extract, e.g. `funimation:language=english,japanese`
@@ -1824,6 +1859,9 @@ #### hotstar
 * `vcodec`: vcodec to ignore - one or more of `h264`, `h265`, `dvh265`
 * `dr`: dynamic range to ignore - one or more of `sdr`, `hdr10`, `dv`
 
+#### niconicochannelplus
+* `max_comments`: Maximum number of comments to extract - default is `120`
+
 #### tiktok
 * `api_hostname`: Hostname to use for mobile API requests, e.g. `api-h2.tiktokv.com`
 * `app_version`: App version to call mobile APIs with - should be set along with `manifest_app_version`, e.g. `20.2.1`
@@ -1833,7 +1871,19 @@ #### rokfinchannel
 * `tab`: Which tab to download - one of `new`, `top`, `videos`, `podcasts`, `streams`, `stacks`
 
 #### twitter
-* `force_graphql`: Force usage of the GraphQL API. By default it will only be used if login cookies are provided
+* `api`: Select one of `graphql` (default), `legacy` or `syndication` as the API for tweet extraction. Has no effect if logged in
+
+#### stacommu, wrestleuniverse
+* `device_id`: UUID value assigned by the website and used to enforce device limits for paid livestream content. Can be found in browser local storage
+
+#### twitch
+* `client_id`: Client ID value to be sent with GraphQL requests, e.g. `twitch:client_id=kimne78kx3ncx6brgo4mv6wki5h1ko`
+
+#### nhkradirulive (NHK らじる★らじる LIVE)
+* `area`: Which regional variation to extract. Valid areas are: `sapporo`, `sendai`, `tokyo`, `nagoya`, `osaka`, `hiroshima`, `matsuyama`, `fukuoka`. Defaults to `tokyo`
+
+#### nflplusreplay
+* `type`: Type(s) of game replays to extract. Valid types are: `full_game`, `full_game_spanish`, `condensed_game` and `all_22`. You can use `all` to extract all available replay types, which is the default
 
 **Note**: These options may be changed/removed in the future without concern for backward compatibility
 
@@ -1880,7 +1930,7 @@ ## Installing Plugins
     * **System Plugins**
       * `/etc/yt-dlp/plugins/<package name>/yt_dlp_plugins/`
       * `/etc/yt-dlp-plugins/<package name>/yt_dlp_plugins/`
-2. **Executable location**: Plugin packages can similarly be installed in a `yt-dlp-plugins` directory under the executable location:
+2. **Executable location**: Plugin packages can similarly be installed in a `yt-dlp-plugins` directory under the executable location (recommended for portable installations):
     * Binary: where `<root-dir>/yt-dlp.exe`, `<root-dir>/yt-dlp-plugins/<package name>/yt_dlp_plugins/`
     * Source: where `<root-dir>/yt_dlp/__main__.py`, `<root-dir>/yt-dlp-plugins/<package name>/yt_dlp_plugins/`
 
@@ -1924,7 +1974,7 @@ # EMBEDDING YT-DLP
     ydl.download(URLS)
 ```
 
-Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at [`yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py`](yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py#L184).
+Most likely, you'll want to use various options. For a list of options available, have a look at [`yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py`](yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py#L183) or `help(yt_dlp.YoutubeDL)` in a Python shell. If you are already familiar with the CLI, you can use [`devscripts/cli_to_api.py`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/devscripts/cli_to_api.py) to translate any CLI switches to `YoutubeDL` params.
 
 **Tip**: If you are porting your code from youtube-dl to yt-dlp, one important point to look out for is that we do not guarantee the return value of `YoutubeDL.extract_info` to be json serializable, or even be a dictionary. It will be dictionary-like, but if you want to ensure it is a serializable dictionary, pass it through `YoutubeDL.sanitize_info` as shown in the [example below](#extracting-information)
 
@@ -2068,7 +2118,7 @@ #### Use a custom format selector
 ```python
 import yt_dlp
 
-URL = ['https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
+URLS = ['https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
 
 def format_selector(ctx):
     """ Select the best video and the best audio that won't result in an mkv.
@@ -2141,6 +2191,7 @@ #### Redundant options
     --playlist-end NUMBER            -I :NUMBER
     --playlist-reverse               -I ::-1
     --no-playlist-reverse            Default
+    --no-colors                      --color no_color
 
 
 #### Not recommended
@@ -2164,6 +2215,10 @@ #### Not recommended
     --youtube-skip-hls-manifest      --extractor-args "youtube:skip=hls" (Alias: --no-youtube-include-hls-manifest)
     --youtube-include-dash-manifest  Default (Alias: --no-youtube-skip-dash-manifest)
     --youtube-include-hls-manifest   Default (Alias: --no-youtube-skip-hls-manifest)
+    --geo-bypass                     --xff "default"
+    --no-geo-bypass                  --xff "never"
+    --geo-bypass-country CODE        --xff CODE
+    --geo-bypass-ip-block IP_BLOCK   --xff IP_BLOCK
 
 
 #### Developer options
diff --git a/devscripts/changelog_override.json b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
index e5c9d1aa2..fe0c82c66 100644
--- a/devscripts/changelog_override.json
+++ b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
@@ -1,12 +1,102 @@
 [
     {
         "action": "add",
-        "when": "776d1c3f0c9b00399896dd2e40e78e9a43218109",
+        "when": "29cb20bd563c02671b31dd840139e93dd37150a1",
         "short": "[priority] **A new release type has been added!**\n    * [`nightly`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/tag/nightly) builds will be made after each push, containing the latest fixes (but also possibly bugs).\n    * When using `--update`/`-U`, a release binary will only update to its current channel (either `stable` or `nightly`).\n    * The `--update-to` option has been added allowing the user more control over program upgrades (or downgrades).\n    * `--update-to` can change the release channel (`stable`, `nightly`) and also upgrade or downgrade to specific tags.\n    * **Usage**: `--update-to CHANNEL`, `--update-to TAG`, `--update-to CHANNEL@TAG`"
     },
     {
         "action": "add",
-        "when": "776d1c3f0c9b00399896dd2e40e78e9a43218109",
+        "when": "5038f6d713303e0967d002216e7a88652401c22a",
         "short": "[priority] **YouTube throttling fixes!**"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "remove",
+        "when": "2e023649ea4e11151545a34dc1360c114981a236"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "01aba2519a0884ef17d5f85608dbd2a455577147",
+        "short": "[priority] YouTube: Improved throttling and signature fixes"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "c86e433c35fe5da6cb29f3539eef97497f84ed38",
+        "short": "[extractor/niconico:series] Fix extraction (#6898)",
+        "authors": ["sqrtNOT"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "69a40e4a7f6caa5662527ebd2f3c4e8aa02857a2",
+        "short": "[extractor/youtube:music_search_url] Extract title (#7102)",
+        "authors": ["kangalio"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "8417f26b8a819cd7ffcd4e000ca3e45033e670fb",
+        "short": "Add option `--color` (#6904)",
+        "authors": ["Grub4K"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "b4e0d75848e9447cee2cd3646ce54d4744a7ff56",
+        "short": "Improve `--download-sections`\n    - Support negative time-ranges\n    - Add `*from-url` to obey time-ranges in URL",
+        "authors": ["pukkandan"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "1e75d97db21152acc764b30a688e516f04b8a142",
+        "short": "[extractor/youtube] Add `ios` to default clients used\n        - IOS is affected neither by 403 nor by nsig so helps mitigate them preemptively\n        - IOS also has higher bit-rate 'premium' formats though they are not labeled as such",
+        "authors": ["pukkandan"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "f2ff0f6f1914b82d4a51681a72cc0828115dcb4a",
+        "short": "[extractor/motherless] Add gallery support, fix groups (#7211)",
+        "authors": ["rexlambert22", "Ti4eeT4e"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "a4486bfc1dc7057efca9dd3fe70d7fa25c56f700",
+        "short": "[misc] Revert \"Add automatic duplicate issue detection\"",
+        "authors": ["pukkandan"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "1ceb657bdd254ad961489e5060f2ccc7d556b729",
+        "short": "[priority] Security: [[CVE-2023-35934](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-35934)] Fix [Cookie leak](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-v8mc-9377-rwjj)\n    - `--add-header Cookie:` is deprecated and auto-scoped to input URL domains\n    - Cookies are scoped when passed to external downloaders\n    - Add `cookies` field to info.json and deprecate `http_headers.Cookie`"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "b03fa7834579a01cc5fba48c0e73488a16683d48",
+        "short": "[ie/twitter] Revert 92315c03774cfabb3a921884326beb4b981f786b",
+        "authors": ["pukkandan"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "fcd6a76adc49d5cd8783985c7ce35384b72e545f",
+        "short": "[test] Add tests for socks proxies (#7908)",
+        "authors": ["coletdjnz"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "4bf912282a34b58b6b35d8f7e6be535770c89c76",
+        "short": "[rh:urllib] Remove dot segments during URL normalization (#7662)",
+        "authors": ["coletdjnz"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "59e92b1f1833440bb2190f847eb735cf0f90bc85",
+        "short": "[rh:urllib] Simplify gzip decoding (#7611)",
+        "authors": ["Grub4K"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "c1d71d0d9f41db5e4306c86af232f5f6220a130b",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.8**\nSince Python 3.7 has reached end-of-life, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7803)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "61bdf15fc7400601c3da1aa7a43917310a5bf391",
+        "short": "[priority] Security: [[CVE-2023-40581](https://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2023-40581)] [Prevent RCE when using `--exec` with `%q` on Windows](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-42h4-v29r-42qg)\n    - The shell escape function is now using `\"\"` instead of `\\\"`.\n    - `utils.Popen` has been patched to properly quote commands."
     }
 ]
diff --git a/devscripts/cli_to_api.py b/devscripts/cli_to_api.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2aa51eb6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/devscripts/cli_to_api.py
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+# Allow direct execution
+import os
+import sys
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+import yt_dlp
+import yt_dlp.options
+
+create_parser = yt_dlp.options.create_parser
+
+
+def parse_patched_options(opts):
+    patched_parser = create_parser()
+    patched_parser.defaults.update({
+        'ignoreerrors': False,
+        'retries': 0,
+        'fragment_retries': 0,
+        'extract_flat': False,
+        'concat_playlist': 'never',
+    })
+    yt_dlp.options.create_parser = lambda: patched_parser
+    try:
+        return yt_dlp.parse_options(opts)
+    finally:
+        yt_dlp.options.create_parser = create_parser
+
+
+default_opts = parse_patched_options([]).ydl_opts
+
+
+def cli_to_api(opts, cli_defaults=False):
+    opts = (yt_dlp.parse_options if cli_defaults else parse_patched_options)(opts).ydl_opts
+
+    diff = {k: v for k, v in opts.items() if default_opts[k] != v}
+    if 'postprocessors' in diff:
+        diff['postprocessors'] = [pp for pp in diff['postprocessors']
+                                  if pp not in default_opts['postprocessors']]
+    return diff
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    from pprint import pprint
+
+    print('\nThe arguments passed translate to:\n')
+    pprint(cli_to_api(sys.argv[1:]))
+    print('\nCombining these with the CLI defaults gives:\n')
+    pprint(cli_to_api(sys.argv[1:], True))
diff --git a/devscripts/lazy_load_template.py b/devscripts/lazy_load_template.py
index c8815e01b..6f52165c5 100644
--- a/devscripts/lazy_load_template.py
+++ b/devscripts/lazy_load_template.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
     age_restricted,
     bug_reports_message,
     classproperty,
+    variadic,
     write_string,
 )
 
diff --git a/devscripts/make_changelog.py b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
index b159bc1b9..d0e893e58 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_changelog.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
@@ -26,30 +26,28 @@
 
 
 class CommitGroup(enum.Enum):
-    UPSTREAM = None
     PRIORITY = 'Important'
     CORE = 'Core'
     EXTRACTOR = 'Extractor'
     DOWNLOADER = 'Downloader'
     POSTPROCESSOR = 'Postprocessor'
+    NETWORKING = 'Networking'
     MISC = 'Misc.'
 
     @classmethod
     @lru_cache
-    def commit_lookup(cls):
+    def subgroup_lookup(cls):
         return {
             name: group
             for group, names in {
-                cls.PRIORITY: {''},
-                cls.UPSTREAM: {'upstream'},
                 cls.CORE: {
                     'aes',
                     'cache',
                     'compat_utils',
                     'compat',
                     'cookies',
-                    'core',
                     'dependencies',
+                    'formats',
                     'jsinterp',
                     'outtmpl',
                     'plugins',
@@ -58,26 +56,44 @@ def commit_lookup(cls):
                 },
                 cls.MISC: {
                     'build',
+                    'ci',
                     'cleanup',
                     'devscripts',
                     'docs',
-                    'misc',
                     'test',
                 },
-                cls.EXTRACTOR: {'extractor', 'extractors'},
-                cls.DOWNLOADER: {'downloader'},
-                cls.POSTPROCESSOR: {'postprocessor'},
+                cls.NETWORKING: {
+                    'rh',
+                },
             }.items()
             for name in names
         }
 
     @classmethod
-    def get(cls, value):
-        result = cls.commit_lookup().get(value)
-        if result:
-            logger.debug(f'Mapped {value!r} => {result.name}')
+    @lru_cache
+    def group_lookup(cls):
+        result = {
+            'fd': cls.DOWNLOADER,
+            'ie': cls.EXTRACTOR,
+            'pp': cls.POSTPROCESSOR,
+            'upstream': cls.CORE,
+        }
+        result.update({item.name.lower(): item for item in iter(cls)})
         return result
 
+    @classmethod
+    def get(cls, value: str) -> tuple[CommitGroup | None, str | None]:
+        group, _, subgroup = (group.strip().lower() for group in value.partition('/'))
+
+        result = cls.group_lookup().get(group)
+        if not result:
+            if subgroup:
+                return None, value
+            subgroup = group
+            result = cls.subgroup_lookup().get(subgroup)
+
+        return result, subgroup or None
+
 
 @dataclass
 class Commit:
@@ -111,22 +127,36 @@ def key(self):
         return ((self.details or '').lower(), self.sub_details, self.message)
 
 
+def unique(items):
+    return sorted({item.strip().lower(): item for item in items if item}.values())
+
+
 class Changelog:
     MISC_RE = re.compile(r'(?:^|\b)(?:lint(?:ing)?|misc|format(?:ting)?|fixes)(?:\b|$)', re.IGNORECASE)
+    ALWAYS_SHOWN = (CommitGroup.PRIORITY,)
 
-    def __init__(self, groups, repo):
+    def __init__(self, groups, repo, collapsible=False):
         self._groups = groups
         self._repo = repo
+        self._collapsible = collapsible
 
     def __str__(self):
         return '\n'.join(self._format_groups(self._groups)).replace('\t', '    ')
 
     def _format_groups(self, groups):
+        first = True
         for item in CommitGroup:
+            if self._collapsible and item not in self.ALWAYS_SHOWN and first:
+                first = False
+                yield '\n<details><summary><h3>Changelog</h3></summary>\n'
+
             group = groups[item]
             if group:
                 yield self.format_module(item.value, group)
 
+        if self._collapsible:
+            yield '\n</details>'
+
     def format_module(self, name, group):
         result = f'\n#### {name} changes\n' if name else '\n'
         return result + '\n'.join(self._format_group(group))
@@ -137,65 +167,59 @@ def _format_group(self, group):
         for _, items in detail_groups:
             items = list(items)
             details = items[0].details
-            if not details:
-                indent = ''
-            else:
-                yield f'- {details}'
-                indent = '\t'
 
             if details == 'cleanup':
-                items, cleanup_misc_items = self._filter_cleanup_misc_items(items)
+                items = self._prepare_cleanup_misc_items(items)
+
+            prefix = '-'
+            if details:
+                if len(items) == 1:
+                    prefix = f'- **{details}**:'
+                else:
+                    yield f'- **{details}**'
+                    prefix = '\t-'
 
             sub_detail_groups = itertools.groupby(items, lambda item: tuple(map(str.lower, item.sub_details)))
             for sub_details, entries in sub_detail_groups:
                 if not sub_details:
                     for entry in entries:
-                        yield f'{indent}- {self.format_single_change(entry)}'
+                        yield f'{prefix} {self.format_single_change(entry)}'
                     continue
 
                 entries = list(entries)
-                prefix = f'{indent}- {", ".join(entries[0].sub_details)}'
+                sub_prefix = f'{prefix} {", ".join(entries[0].sub_details)}'
                 if len(entries) == 1:
-                    yield f'{prefix}: {self.format_single_change(entries[0])}'
+                    yield f'{sub_prefix}: {self.format_single_change(entries[0])}'
                     continue
 
-                yield prefix
+                yield sub_prefix
                 for entry in entries:
-                    yield f'{indent}\t- {self.format_single_change(entry)}'
+                    yield f'\t{prefix} {self.format_single_change(entry)}'
 
-            if details == 'cleanup' and cleanup_misc_items:
-                yield from self._format_cleanup_misc_sub_group(cleanup_misc_items)
-
-    def _filter_cleanup_misc_items(self, items):
+    def _prepare_cleanup_misc_items(self, items):
         cleanup_misc_items = defaultdict(list)
-        non_misc_items = []
+        sorted_items = []
         for item in items:
             if self.MISC_RE.search(item.message):
                 cleanup_misc_items[tuple(item.commit.authors)].append(item)
             else:
-                non_misc_items.append(item)
+                sorted_items.append(item)
 
-        return non_misc_items, cleanup_misc_items
+        for commit_infos in cleanup_misc_items.values():
+            sorted_items.append(CommitInfo(
+                'cleanup', ('Miscellaneous',), ', '.join(
+                    self._format_message_link(None, info.commit.hash)
+                    for info in sorted(commit_infos, key=lambda item: item.commit.hash or '')),
+                [], Commit(None, '', commit_infos[0].commit.authors), []))
 
-    def _format_cleanup_misc_sub_group(self, group):
-        prefix = '\t- Miscellaneous'
-        if len(group) == 1:
-            yield f'{prefix}: {next(self._format_cleanup_misc_items(group))}'
-            return
+        return sorted_items
 
-        yield prefix
-        for message in self._format_cleanup_misc_items(group):
-            yield f'\t\t- {message}'
+    def format_single_change(self, info: CommitInfo):
+        message, sep, rest = info.message.partition('\n')
+        if '[' not in message:
+            # If the message doesn't already contain markdown links, try to add a link to the commit
+            message = self._format_message_link(message, info.commit.hash)
 
-    def _format_cleanup_misc_items(self, group):
-        for authors, infos in group.items():
-            message = ', '.join(
-                self._format_message_link(None, info.commit.hash)
-                for info in sorted(infos, key=lambda item: item.commit.hash or ''))
-            yield f'{message} by {self._format_authors(authors)}'
-
-    def format_single_change(self, info):
-        message = self._format_message_link(info.message, info.commit.hash)
         if info.issues:
             message = f'{message} ({self._format_issues(info.issues)})'
 
@@ -211,7 +235,7 @@ def format_single_change(self, info):
 
             message = f'{message} (With fixes in {fix_message})'
 
-        return message
+        return message if not sep else f'{message}{sep}{rest}'
 
     def _format_message_link(self, message, hash):
         assert message or hash, 'Improperly defined commit message or override'
@@ -236,16 +260,13 @@ class CommitRange:
 
     AUTHOR_INDICATOR_RE = re.compile(r'Authored by:? ', re.IGNORECASE)
     MESSAGE_RE = re.compile(r'''
-        (?:\[
-            (?P<prefix>[^\]\/:,]+)
-            (?:/(?P<details>[^\]:,]+))?
-            (?:[:,](?P<sub_details>[^\]]+))?
-        \]\ )?
-        (?:(?P<sub_details_alt>`?[^:`]+`?): )?
+        (?:\[(?P<prefix>[^\]]+)\]\ )?
+        (?:(?P<sub_details>`?[\w.-]+`?): )?
         (?P<message>.+?)
         (?:\ \((?P<issues>\#\d+(?:,\ \#\d+)*)\))?
         ''', re.VERBOSE | re.DOTALL)
     EXTRACTOR_INDICATOR_RE = re.compile(r'(?:Fix|Add)\s+Extractors?', re.IGNORECASE)
+    REVERT_RE = re.compile(r'(?:\[[^\]]+\]\s+)?(?i:Revert)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
     FIXES_RE = re.compile(r'(?i:Fix(?:es)?(?:\s+bugs?)?(?:\s+in|\s+for)?|Revert)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
     UPSTREAM_MERGE_RE = re.compile(r'Update to ytdl-commit-([\da-f]+)')
 
@@ -273,7 +294,7 @@ def _get_commits_and_fixes(self, default_author):
             self.COMMAND, 'log', f'--format=%H%n%s%n%b%n{self.COMMIT_SEPARATOR}',
             f'{self._start}..{self._end}' if self._start else self._end).stdout
 
-        commits = {}
+        commits, reverts = {}, {}
         fixes = defaultdict(list)
         lines = iter(result.splitlines(False))
         for i, commit_hash in enumerate(lines):
@@ -294,6 +315,11 @@ def _get_commits_and_fixes(self, default_author):
                 logger.debug(f'Reached Release commit, breaking: {commit}')
                 break
 
+            revert_match = self.REVERT_RE.fullmatch(commit.short)
+            if revert_match:
+                reverts[revert_match.group(1)] = commit
+                continue
+
             fix_match = self.FIXES_RE.search(commit.short)
             if fix_match:
                 commitish = fix_match.group(1)
@@ -301,6 +327,13 @@ def _get_commits_and_fixes(self, default_author):
 
             commits[commit.hash] = commit
 
+        for commitish, revert_commit in reverts.items():
+            reverted = commits.pop(commitish, None)
+            if reverted:
+                logger.debug(f'{commitish} fully reverted {reverted}')
+            else:
+                commits[revert_commit.hash] = revert_commit
+
         for commitish, fix_commits in fixes.items():
             if commitish in commits:
                 hashes = ', '.join(commit.hash[:HASH_LENGTH] for commit in fix_commits)
@@ -316,10 +349,10 @@ def apply_overrides(self, overrides):
         for override in overrides:
             when = override.get('when')
             if when and when not in self and when != self._start:
-                logger.debug(f'Ignored {when!r}, not in commits {self._start!r}')
+                logger.debug(f'Ignored {when!r} override')
                 continue
 
-            override_hash = override.get('hash')
+            override_hash = override.get('hash') or when
             if override['action'] == 'add':
                 commit = Commit(override.get('hash'), override['short'], override.get('authors') or [])
                 logger.info(f'ADD    {commit}')
@@ -333,67 +366,78 @@ def apply_overrides(self, overrides):
             elif override['action'] == 'change':
                 if override_hash not in self._commits:
                     continue
-                commit = Commit(override_hash, override['short'], override['authors'])
+                commit = Commit(override_hash, override['short'], override.get('authors') or [])
                 logger.info(f'CHANGE {self._commits[commit.hash]} -> {commit}')
                 self._commits[commit.hash] = commit
 
         self._commits = {key: value for key, value in reversed(self._commits.items())}
 
     def groups(self):
-        groups = defaultdict(list)
+        group_dict = defaultdict(list)
         for commit in self:
-            upstream_re = self.UPSTREAM_MERGE_RE.match(commit.short)
+            upstream_re = self.UPSTREAM_MERGE_RE.search(commit.short)
             if upstream_re:
-                commit.short = f'[upstream] Merge up to youtube-dl {upstream_re.group(1)}'
+                commit.short = f'[upstream] Merged with youtube-dl {upstream_re.group(1)}'
 
             match = self.MESSAGE_RE.fullmatch(commit.short)
             if not match:
                 logger.error(f'Error parsing short commit message: {commit.short!r}')
                 continue
 
-            prefix, details, sub_details, sub_details_alt, message, issues = match.groups()
-            group = None
-            if prefix:
-                if prefix == 'priority':
-                    prefix, _, details = (details or '').partition('/')
-                    logger.debug(f'Priority: {message!r}')
-                    group = CommitGroup.PRIORITY
-
-                if not details and prefix:
-                    if prefix not in ('core', 'downloader', 'extractor', 'misc', 'postprocessor', 'upstream'):
-                        logger.debug(f'Replaced details with {prefix!r}')
-                        details = prefix or None
-
-                if details == 'common':
-                    details = None
-
-                if details:
-                    details = details.strip()
-
-            else:
-                group = CommitGroup.CORE
-
-            sub_details = f'{sub_details or ""},{sub_details_alt or ""}'.replace(':', ',')
-            sub_details = tuple(filter(None, map(str.strip, sub_details.split(','))))
-
+            prefix, sub_details_alt, message, issues = match.groups()
             issues = [issue.strip()[1:] for issue in issues.split(',')] if issues else []
 
+            if prefix:
+                groups, details, sub_details = zip(*map(self.details_from_prefix, prefix.split(',')))
+                group = next(iter(filter(None, groups)), None)
+                details = ', '.join(unique(details))
+                sub_details = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(sub_details))
+            else:
+                group = CommitGroup.CORE
+                details = None
+                sub_details = []
+
+            if sub_details_alt:
+                sub_details.append(sub_details_alt)
+            sub_details = tuple(unique(sub_details))
+
             if not group:
-                group = CommitGroup.get(prefix.lower())
-                if not group:
-                    if self.EXTRACTOR_INDICATOR_RE.search(commit.short):
-                        group = CommitGroup.EXTRACTOR
-                    else:
-                        group = CommitGroup.POSTPROCESSOR
-                    logger.warning(f'Failed to map {commit.short!r}, selected {group.name}')
+                if self.EXTRACTOR_INDICATOR_RE.search(commit.short):
+                    group = CommitGroup.EXTRACTOR
+                else:
+                    group = CommitGroup.POSTPROCESSOR
+                logger.warning(f'Failed to map {commit.short!r}, selected {group.name.lower()}')
 
             commit_info = CommitInfo(
                 details, sub_details, message.strip(),
                 issues, commit, self._fixes[commit.hash])
-            logger.debug(f'Resolved {commit.short!r} to {commit_info!r}')
-            groups[group].append(commit_info)
 
-        return groups
+            logger.debug(f'Resolved {commit.short!r} to {commit_info!r}')
+            group_dict[group].append(commit_info)
+
+        return group_dict
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def details_from_prefix(prefix):
+        if not prefix:
+            return CommitGroup.CORE, None, ()
+
+        prefix, *sub_details = prefix.split(':')
+
+        group, details = CommitGroup.get(prefix)
+        if group is CommitGroup.PRIORITY and details:
+            details = details.partition('/')[2].strip()
+
+        if details and '/' in details:
+            logger.error(f'Prefix is overnested, using first part: {prefix}')
+            details = details.partition('/')[0].strip()
+
+        if details == 'common':
+            details = None
+        elif group is CommitGroup.NETWORKING and details == 'rh':
+            details = 'Request Handler'
+
+        return group, details, sub_details
 
 
 def get_new_contributors(contributors_path, commits):
@@ -444,6 +488,9 @@ def get_new_contributors(contributors_path, commits):
     parser.add_argument(
         '--repo', default='yt-dlp/yt-dlp',
         help='the github repository to use for the operations (default: %(default)s)')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '--collapsible', action='store_true',
+        help='make changelog collapsible (default: %(default)s)')
     args = parser.parse_args()
 
     logging.basicConfig(
@@ -467,4 +514,4 @@ def get_new_contributors(contributors_path, commits):
             write_file(args.contributors_path, '\n'.join(new_contributors) + '\n', mode='a')
         logger.info(f'New contributors: {", ".join(new_contributors)}')
 
-    print(Changelog(commits.groups(), args.repo))
+    print(Changelog(commits.groups(), args.repo, args.collapsible))
diff --git a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
index 39b95c8da..6c85e200f 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 from devscripts.utils import (
     get_filename_args,
     read_file,
-    read_version,
     write_file,
 )
 
@@ -35,19 +34,18 @@
       description: |
         It should start like this:
       placeholder: |
-        [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'test:youtube']
-        [debug] Portable config "yt-dlp.conf": ['-i']
+        [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version %(version)s [9d339c4] (win32_exe)
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
         [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] Checking exe version: ffmpeg -bsfs
-        [debug] Checking exe version: ffprobe -bsfs
         [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
         [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
-        Latest version: %(version)s, Current version: %(version)s
-        yt-dlp is up to date (%(version)s)
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
+        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
+        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@
 
 
 def main():
-    fields = {'version': read_version(), 'no_skip': NO_SKIP}
+    fields = {'no_skip': NO_SKIP}
     fields['verbose'] = VERBOSE_TMPL % fields
     fields['verbose_optional'] = re.sub(r'(\n\s+validations:)?\n\s+required: true', '', fields['verbose'])
 
diff --git a/devscripts/update-formulae.py b/devscripts/update-formulae.py
deleted file mode 100644
index e79297f53..000000000
--- a/devscripts/update-formulae.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-"""
-Usage: python3 ./devscripts/update-formulae.py <path-to-formulae-rb> <version>
-version can be either 0-aligned (yt-dlp version) or normalized (PyPi version)
-"""
-
-# Allow direct execution
-import os
-import sys
-
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-
-
-import json
-import re
-import urllib.request
-
-from devscripts.utils import read_file, write_file
-
-filename, version = sys.argv[1:]
-
-normalized_version = '.'.join(str(int(x)) for x in version.split('.'))
-
-pypi_release = json.loads(urllib.request.urlopen(
-    'https://pypi.org/pypi/yt-dlp/%s/json' % normalized_version
-).read().decode())
-
-tarball_file = next(x for x in pypi_release['urls'] if x['filename'].endswith('.tar.gz'))
-
-sha256sum = tarball_file['digests']['sha256']
-url = tarball_file['url']
-
-formulae_text = read_file(filename)
-
-formulae_text = re.sub(r'sha256 "[0-9a-f]*?"', 'sha256 "%s"' % sha256sum, formulae_text, count=1)
-formulae_text = re.sub(r'url "[^"]*?"', 'url "%s"' % url, formulae_text, count=1)
-
-write_file(filename, formulae_text)
diff --git a/devscripts/update-version.py b/devscripts/update-version.py
index d888be881..da54a6a25 100644
--- a/devscripts/update-version.py
+++ b/devscripts/update-version.py
@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@
 import argparse
 import contextlib
 import sys
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from devscripts.utils import read_version, run_process, write_file
 
 
 def get_new_version(version, revision):
     if not version:
-        version = datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y.%m.%d')
+        version = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y.%m.%d')
 
     if revision:
-        assert revision.isdigit(), 'Revision must be a number'
+        assert revision.isdecimal(), 'Revision must be a number'
     else:
         old_version = read_version().split('.')
         if version.split('.') == old_version[:3]:
@@ -46,13 +46,23 @@ def get_git_head():
 UPDATE_HINT = None
 
 CHANNEL = {channel!r}
+
+ORIGIN = {origin!r}
+
+_pkg_version = {package_version!r}
 '''
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Update the version.py file')
     parser.add_argument(
-        '-c', '--channel', choices=['stable', 'nightly'], default='stable',
+        '-c', '--channel', default='stable',
         help='Select update channel (default: %(default)s)')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '-r', '--origin', default='local',
+        help='Select origin/repository (default: %(default)s)')
+    parser.add_argument(
+        '-s', '--suffix', default='',
+        help='Add an alphanumeric suffix to the package version, e.g. "dev"')
     parser.add_argument(
         '-o', '--output', default='yt_dlp/version.py',
         help='The output file to write to (default: %(default)s)')
@@ -66,6 +76,7 @@ def get_git_head():
         args.version if args.version and '.' in args.version
         else get_new_version(None, args.version))
     write_file(args.output, VERSION_TEMPLATE.format(
-        version=version, git_head=git_head, channel=args.channel))
+        version=version, git_head=git_head, channel=args.channel, origin=args.origin,
+        package_version=f'{version}{args.suffix}'))
 
     print(f'version={version} ({args.channel}), head={git_head}')
diff --git a/devscripts/utils.py b/devscripts/utils.py
index f75a84da9..a952c9fae 100644
--- a/devscripts/utils.py
+++ b/devscripts/utils.py
@@ -13,10 +13,11 @@ def write_file(fname, content, mode='w'):
         return f.write(content)
 
 
-def read_version(fname='yt_dlp/version.py'):
+def read_version(fname='yt_dlp/version.py', varname='__version__'):
     """Get the version without importing the package"""
-    exec(compile(read_file(fname), fname, 'exec'))
-    return locals()['__version__']
+    items = {}
+    exec(compile(read_file(fname), fname, 'exec'), items)
+    return items[varname]
 
 
 def get_filename_args(has_infile=False, default_outfile=None):
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index dde37120f..4d2310725 100644
--- a/requirements.txt
+++ b/requirements.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 mutagen
 pycryptodomex
 websockets
-brotli; platform_python_implementation=='CPython'
-brotlicffi; platform_python_implementation!='CPython'
+brotli; implementation_name=='cpython'
+brotlicffi; implementation_name!='cpython'
 certifi
+requests>=2.31.0,<3
+urllib3>=1.26.17,<3
+secretstorage; sys_platform=='linux' and (implementation_name!='pypy' or implementation_version>='7.3.10')
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index ccfcf4252..44055b0e9 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 
 from devscripts.utils import read_file, read_version
 
-VERSION = read_version()
+VERSION = read_version(varname='_pkg_version')
 
 DESCRIPTION = 'A youtube-dl fork with additional features and patches'
 
@@ -62,10 +62,18 @@ def py2exe_params():
             'compressed': 1,
             'optimize': 2,
             'dist_dir': './dist',
-            'excludes': ['Crypto', 'Cryptodome'],  # py2exe cannot import Crypto
+            'excludes': [
+                # py2exe cannot import Crypto
+                'Crypto',
+                'Cryptodome',
+                # py2exe appears to confuse this with our socks library.
+                # We don't use pysocks and urllib3.contrib.socks would fail to import if tried.
+                'urllib3.contrib.socks'
+            ],
             'dll_excludes': ['w9xpopen.exe', 'crypt32.dll'],
             # Modules that are only imported dynamically must be added here
-            'includes': ['yt_dlp.compat._legacy'],
+            'includes': ['yt_dlp.compat._legacy', 'yt_dlp.compat._deprecated',
+                         'yt_dlp.utils._legacy', 'yt_dlp.utils._deprecated'],
         },
         'zipfile': None,
     }
@@ -134,7 +142,7 @@ def main():
         params = build_params()
 
     setup(
-        name='yt-dlp',
+        name='yt-dlp',  # package name (do not change/remove comment)
         version=VERSION,
         maintainer='pukkandan',
         maintainer_email='pukkandan.ytdlp@gmail.com',
diff --git a/supportedsites.md b/supportedsites.md
index f5c8c3829..0ab61d68d 100644
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **AnimalPlanet**
  - **ant1newsgr:article**: ant1news.gr articles
  - **ant1newsgr:embed**: ant1news.gr embedded videos
- - **ant1newsgr:watch**: ant1news.gr videos
+ - **antenna:watch**: antenna.gr and ant1news.gr videos
  - **Anvato**
  - **aol.com**: Yahoo screen and movies
  - **APA**
@@ -98,8 +98,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **ArteTVCategory**
  - **ArteTVEmbed**
  - **ArteTVPlaylist**
- - **AsianCrush**
- - **AsianCrushPlaylist**
  - **AtresPlayer**: [*atresplayer*](## "netrc machine")
  - **AtScaleConfEvent**
  - **ATTTechChannel**
@@ -118,6 +116,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **awaan:live**
  - **awaan:season**
  - **awaan:video**
+ - **axs.tv**
  - **AZMedien**: AZ Medien videos
  - **BaiduVideo**: 百度视频
  - **BanBye**
@@ -150,7 +149,9 @@ # Supported sites
  - **bfmtv**
  - **bfmtv:article**
  - **bfmtv:live**
- - **BibelTV**
+ - **bibeltv:live**: BibelTV live program
+ - **bibeltv:series**: BibelTV series playlist
+ - **bibeltv:video**: BibelTV single video
  - **Bigflix**
  - **Bigo**
  - **Bild**: Bild.de
@@ -160,11 +161,16 @@ # Supported sites
  - **BilibiliAudioAlbum**
  - **BiliBiliBangumi**
  - **BiliBiliBangumiMedia**
+ - **BiliBiliBangumiSeason**
+ - **BilibiliCollectionList**
+ - **BilibiliFavoritesList**
  - **BiliBiliPlayer**
+ - **BilibiliPlaylist**
  - **BiliBiliSearch**: Bilibili video search; "bilisearch:" prefix
+ - **BilibiliSeriesList**
  - **BilibiliSpaceAudio**
- - **BilibiliSpacePlaylist**
  - **BilibiliSpaceVideo**
+ - **BilibiliWatchlater**
  - **BiliIntl**: [*biliintl*](## "netrc machine")
  - **biliIntl:series**: [*biliintl*](## "netrc machine")
  - **BiliLive**
@@ -183,17 +189,24 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Bloomberg**
  - **BokeCC**
  - **BongaCams**
- - **BooyahClips**
  - **BostonGlobe**
  - **Box**
  - **BoxCastVideo**
  - **Bpb**: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung
  - **BR**: Bayerischer Rundfunk
+ - **BrainPOP**: [*brainpop*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **BrainPOPELL**: [*brainpop*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **BrainPOPEsp**: [*brainpop*](## "netrc machine") BrainPOP Español
+ - **BrainPOPFr**: [*brainpop*](## "netrc machine") BrainPOP Français
+ - **BrainPOPIl**: [*brainpop*](## "netrc machine") BrainPOP Hebrew
+ - **BrainPOPJr**: [*brainpop*](## "netrc machine")
  - **BravoTV**
  - **Break**
  - **BreitBart**
  - **brightcove:legacy**
  - **brightcove:new**
+ - **Brilliantpala:Classes**: [*brilliantpala*](## "netrc machine") VoD on classes.brilliantpala.org
+ - **Brilliantpala:Elearn**: [*brilliantpala*](## "netrc machine") VoD on elearn.brilliantpala.org
  - **BRMediathek**: Bayerischer Rundfunk Mediathek
  - **bt:article**: Bergens Tidende Articles
  - **bt:vestlendingen**: Bergens Tidende - Vestlendingen
@@ -207,26 +220,31 @@ # Supported sites
  - **CAM4**
  - **Camdemy**
  - **CamdemyFolder**
+ - **CamFMEpisode**
+ - **CamFMShow**
  - **CamModels**
  - **Camsoda**
  - **CamtasiaEmbed**
  - **CamWithHer**
+ - **Canal1**
  - **CanalAlpha**
  - **canalc2.tv**
  - **Canalplus**: mycanal.fr and piwiplus.fr
- - **Canvas**
- - **CanvasEen**: canvas.be and een.be
+ - **CaracolTvPlay**: [*caracoltv-play*](## "netrc machine")
  - **CarambaTV**
  - **CarambaTVPage**
  - **CartoonNetwork**
  - **cbc.ca**
  - **cbc.ca:player**
+ - **cbc.ca:​player:playlist**
  - **CBS**
  - **CBSInteractive**
  - **CBSLocal**
  - **CBSLocalArticle**
+ - **CBSLocalLive**
  - **cbsnews**: CBS News
  - **cbsnews:embed**
+ - **cbsnews:live**: CBS News Livestream
  - **cbsnews:livevideo**: CBS News Live Videos
  - **cbssports**
  - **cbssports:embed**
@@ -248,10 +266,13 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Cinchcast**
  - **Cinemax**
  - **CinetecaMilano**
+ - **Cineverse**
+ - **CineverseDetails**
  - **CiscoLiveSearch**
  - **CiscoLiveSession**
  - **ciscowebex**: Cisco Webex
  - **CJSW**
+ - **Clipchamp**
  - **cliphunter**
  - **Clippit**
  - **ClipRs**
@@ -271,6 +292,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **CNNIndonesia**
  - **ComedyCentral**
  - **ComedyCentralTV**
+ - **ConanClassic**
  - **CondeNast**: Condé Nast media group: Allure, Architectural Digest, Ars Technica, Bon Appétit, Brides, Condé Nast, Condé Nast Traveler, Details, Epicurious, GQ, Glamour, Golf Digest, SELF, Teen Vogue, The New Yorker, Vanity Fair, Vogue, W Magazine, WIRED
  - **CONtv**
  - **CookingChannel**
@@ -286,7 +308,10 @@ # Supported sites
  - **CrooksAndLiars**
  - **CrowdBunker**
  - **CrowdBunkerChannel**
+ - **Crtvg**
  - **crunchyroll**: [*crunchyroll*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **crunchyroll:artist**: [*crunchyroll*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **crunchyroll:music**: [*crunchyroll*](## "netrc machine")
  - **crunchyroll:playlist**: [*crunchyroll*](## "netrc machine")
  - **CSpan**: C-SPAN
  - **CSpanCongress**
@@ -301,6 +326,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **CWTV**
  - **Cybrary**: [*cybrary*](## "netrc machine")
  - **CybraryCourse**: [*cybrary*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **DacastPlaylist**
+ - **DacastVOD**
  - **Daftsex**
  - **DagelijkseKost**: dagelijksekost.een.be
  - **DailyMail**
@@ -331,6 +358,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **DigitalConcertHall**: [*digitalconcerthall*](## "netrc machine") DigitalConcertHall extractor
  - **DigitallySpeaking**
  - **Digiteka**
+ - **DiscogsReleasePlaylist**
  - **Discovery**
  - **DiscoveryLife**
  - **DiscoveryNetworksDe**
@@ -341,12 +369,14 @@ # Supported sites
  - **DiscoveryPlusItalyShow**
  - **Disney**
  - **DIYNetwork**
+ - **dlf**
+ - **dlf:corpus**: DLF Multi-feed Archives
  - **dlive:stream**
  - **dlive:vod**
  - **Dotsub**
  - **Douyin**
  - **DouyuShow**
- - **DouyuTV**: 斗鱼
+ - **DouyuTV**: 斗鱼直播
  - **DPlay**
  - **DRBonanza**
  - **Drooble**
@@ -378,6 +408,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **EinsUndEinsTVRecordings**: [*1und1tv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Einthusan**
  - **eitb.tv**
+ - **ElevenSports**
  - **EllenTube**
  - **EllenTubePlaylist**
  - **EllenTubeVideo**
@@ -388,8 +419,10 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Engadget**
  - **Epicon**
  - **EpiconSeries**
+ - **eplus:inbound**: e+ (イープラス) overseas
  - **Epoch**
  - **Eporner**
+ - **Erocast**
  - **EroProfile**: [*eroprofile*](## "netrc machine")
  - **EroProfile:album**
  - **ertflix**: ERTFLIX videos
@@ -400,6 +433,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **ESPNArticle**
  - **ESPNCricInfo**
  - **EsriVideo**
+ - **EttuTv**
  - **Europa**
  - **EuroParlWebstream**
  - **EuropeanTour**
@@ -460,6 +494,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **funimation:page**: [*funimation*](## "netrc machine")
  - **funimation:show**: [*funimation*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Funk**
+ - **Funker530**
  - **Fusion**
  - **Fux**
  - **FuyinTV**
@@ -493,10 +528,17 @@ # Supported sites
  - **GlattvisionTVLive**: [*glattvisiontv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **GlattvisionTVRecordings**: [*glattvisiontv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Glide**: Glide mobile video messages (glide.me)
+ - **GlobalCyclingNetworkPlus**
+ - **GlobalPlayerAudio**
+ - **GlobalPlayerAudioEpisode**
+ - **GlobalPlayerLive**
+ - **GlobalPlayerLivePlaylist**
+ - **GlobalPlayerVideo**
  - **Globo**: [*globo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **GloboArticle**
  - **glomex**: Glomex videos
  - **glomex:embed**: Glomex embedded videos
+ - **GMANetworkVideo**
  - **Go**
  - **GoDiscovery**
  - **GodTube**
@@ -522,7 +564,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Heise**
  - **HellPorno**
  - **Helsinki**: helsinki.fi
- - **HentaiStigma**
  - **hetklokhuis**
  - **hgtv.com:show**
  - **HGTVDe**
@@ -535,6 +576,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **hitbox:live**
  - **HitRecord**
  - **hketv**: 香港教育局教育電視 (HKETV) Educational Television, Hong Kong Educational Bureau
+ - **HollywoodReporter**
+ - **HollywoodReporterPlaylist**
  - **Holodex**
  - **HotNewHipHop**
  - **hotstar**
@@ -558,6 +601,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Hypem**
  - **Hytale**
  - **Icareus**
+ - **IdolPlus**
  - **iflix:episode**
  - **IflixSeries**
  - **ign.com**
@@ -600,9 +644,9 @@ # Supported sites
  - **ivi:compilation**: ivi.ru compilations
  - **ivideon**: Ivideon TV
  - **IVXPlayer**
- - **Iwara**
- - **iwara:playlist**
- - **iwara:user**
+ - **iwara**: [*iwara*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **iwara:playlist**: [*iwara*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **iwara:user**: [*iwara*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Ixigua**
  - **Izlesene**
  - **Jable**
@@ -612,6 +656,9 @@ # Supported sites
  - **JeuxVideo**
  - **Joj**
  - **Jove**
+ - **JStream**
+ - **JTBC**: jtbc.co.kr
+ - **JTBC:program**
  - **JWPlatform**
  - **Kakao**
  - **Kaltura**
@@ -655,6 +702,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **LastFMUser**
  - **lbry**
  - **lbry:channel**
+ - **lbry:playlist**
  - **LCI**
  - **Lcp**
  - **LcpPlay**
@@ -678,8 +726,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **limelight**
  - **limelight:channel**
  - **limelight:channel_list**
- - **LineLive**
- - **LineLiveChannel**
  - **LinkedIn**: [*linkedin*](## "netrc machine")
  - **linkedin:learning**: [*linkedin*](## "netrc machine")
  - **linkedin:​learning:course**: [*linkedin*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -702,6 +748,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **lynda**: [*lynda*](## "netrc machine") lynda.com videos
  - **lynda:course**: [*lynda*](## "netrc machine") lynda.com online courses
  - **m6**
+ - **MagellanTV**
  - **MagentaMusik360**
  - **mailru**: Видео@Mail.Ru
  - **mailru:music**: Музыка@Mail.Ru
@@ -721,6 +768,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **massengeschmack.tv**
  - **Masters**
  - **MatchTV**
+ - **MBN**: mbn.co.kr (매일방송)
  - **MDR**: MDR.DE and KiKA
  - **MedalTV**
  - **media.ccc.de**
@@ -782,9 +830,11 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Mofosex**
  - **MofosexEmbed**
  - **Mojvideo**
+ - **Monstercat**
  - **MonsterSirenHypergryphMusic**
  - **Morningstar**: morningstar.com
  - **Motherless**
+ - **MotherlessGallery**
  - **MotherlessGroup**
  - **Motorsport**: motorsport.com
  - **MotorTrend**
@@ -806,8 +856,10 @@ # Supported sites
  - **mtvservices:embedded**
  - **MTVUutisetArticle**
  - **MuenchenTV**: münchen.tv
+ - **MujRozhlas**
  - **Murrtube**
  - **MurrtubeUser**: Murrtube user profile
+ - **MuseAI**
  - **MuseScore**
  - **MusicdexAlbum**
  - **MusicdexArtist**
@@ -827,6 +879,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **MyVideoGe**
  - **MyVidster**
  - **MyviEmbed**
+ - **Mzaalo**
  - **n-tv.de**
  - **N1Info:article**
  - **N1InfoAsset**
@@ -858,6 +911,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Nebula**: [*watchnebula*](## "netrc machine")
  - **nebula:channel**: [*watchnebula*](## "netrc machine")
  - **nebula:subscriptions**: [*watchnebula*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **NekoHacker**
  - **NerdCubedFeed**
  - **netease:album**: 网易云音乐 - 专辑
  - **netease:djradio**: 网易云音乐 - 电台
@@ -893,6 +947,9 @@ # Supported sites
  - **NhkForSchoolBangumi**
  - **NhkForSchoolProgramList**
  - **NhkForSchoolSubject**: Portal page for each school subjects, like Japanese (kokugo, 国語) or math (sansuu/suugaku or 算数・数学)
+ - **NhkRadioNewsPage**
+ - **NhkRadiru**: NHK らじる (Radiru/Rajiru)
+ - **NhkRadiruLive**
  - **NhkVod**
  - **NhkVodProgram**
  - **nhl.com**
@@ -903,9 +960,13 @@ # Supported sites
  - **nicknight**
  - **niconico**: [*niconico*](## "netrc machine") ニコニコ動画
  - **niconico:history**: NicoNico user history or likes. Requires cookies.
+ - **niconico:live**: ニコニコ生放送
  - **niconico:playlist**
  - **niconico:series**
  - **niconico:tag**: NicoNico video tag URLs
+ - **NiconicoChannelPlus**: ニコニコチャンネルプラス
+ - **NiconicoChannelPlus:​channel:lives**: ニコニコチャンネルプラス - チャンネル - ライブリスト. nicochannel.jp/channel/lives
+ - **NiconicoChannelPlus:​channel:videos**: ニコニコチャンネルプラス - チャンネル - 動画リスト. nicochannel.jp/channel/videos
  - **NiconicoUser**
  - **nicovideo:search**: Nico video search; "nicosearch:" prefix
  - **nicovideo:​search:date**: Nico video search, newest first; "nicosearchdate:" prefix
@@ -947,6 +1008,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **NRKTVSeries**
  - **NRLTV**
  - **ntv.ru**
+ - **NubilesPorn**: [*nubiles-porn*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Nuvid**
  - **NYTimes**
  - **NYTimesArticle**
@@ -987,6 +1049,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **OsnatelTVLive**: [*osnateltv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **OsnatelTVRecordings**: [*osnateltv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **OutsideTV**
+ - **OwnCloud**
  - **PacktPub**: [*packtpub*](## "netrc machine")
  - **PacktPubCourse**
  - **PalcoMP3:artist**
@@ -999,12 +1062,14 @@ # Supported sites
  - **ParamountNetwork**
  - **ParamountPlus**
  - **ParamountPlusSeries**
+ - **ParamountPressExpress**
  - **Parler**: Posts on parler.com
  - **parliamentlive.tv**: UK parliament videos
  - **Parlview**
  - **Patreon**
  - **PatreonCampaign**
  - **pbs**: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and member stations: PBS: Public Broadcasting Service, APT - Alabama Public Television (WBIQ), GPB/Georgia Public Broadcasting (WGTV), Mississippi Public Broadcasting (WMPN), Nashville Public Television (WNPT), WFSU-TV (WFSU), WSRE (WSRE), WTCI (WTCI), WPBA/Channel 30 (WPBA), Alaska Public Media (KAKM), Arizona PBS (KAET), KNME-TV/Channel 5 (KNME), Vegas PBS (KLVX), AETN/ARKANSAS ETV NETWORK (KETS), KET (WKLE), WKNO/Channel 10 (WKNO), LPB/LOUISIANA PUBLIC BROADCASTING (WLPB), OETA (KETA), Ozarks Public Television (KOZK), WSIU Public Broadcasting (WSIU), KEET TV (KEET), KIXE/Channel 9 (KIXE), KPBS San Diego (KPBS), KQED (KQED), KVIE Public Television (KVIE), PBS SoCal/KOCE (KOCE), ValleyPBS (KVPT), CONNECTICUT PUBLIC TELEVISION (WEDH), KNPB Channel 5 (KNPB), SOPTV (KSYS), Rocky Mountain PBS (KRMA), KENW-TV3 (KENW), KUED Channel 7 (KUED), Wyoming PBS (KCWC), Colorado Public Television / KBDI 12 (KBDI), KBYU-TV (KBYU), Thirteen/WNET New York (WNET), WGBH/Channel 2 (WGBH), WGBY (WGBY), NJTV Public Media NJ (WNJT), WLIW21 (WLIW), mpt/Maryland Public Television (WMPB), WETA Television and Radio (WETA), WHYY (WHYY), PBS 39 (WLVT), WVPT - Your Source for PBS and More! (WVPT), Howard University Television (WHUT), WEDU PBS (WEDU), WGCU Public Media (WGCU), WPBT2 (WPBT), WUCF TV (WUCF), WUFT/Channel 5 (WUFT), WXEL/Channel 42 (WXEL), WLRN/Channel 17 (WLRN), WUSF Public Broadcasting (WUSF), ETV (WRLK), UNC-TV (WUNC), PBS Hawaii - Oceanic Cable Channel 10 (KHET), Idaho Public Television (KAID), KSPS (KSPS), OPB (KOPB), KWSU/Channel 10 & KTNW/Channel 31 (KWSU), WILL-TV (WILL), Network Knowledge - WSEC/Springfield (WSEC), WTTW11 (WTTW), Iowa Public Television/IPTV (KDIN), Nine Network (KETC), PBS39 Fort Wayne (WFWA), WFYI Indianapolis (WFYI), Milwaukee Public Television (WMVS), WNIN (WNIN), WNIT Public Television (WNIT), WPT (WPNE), WVUT/Channel 22 (WVUT), WEIU/Channel 51 (WEIU), WQPT-TV (WQPT), WYCC PBS Chicago (WYCC), WIPB-TV (WIPB), WTIU (WTIU), CET  (WCET), ThinkTVNetwork (WPTD), WBGU-TV (WBGU), WGVU TV (WGVU), NET1 (KUON), Pioneer Public Television (KWCM), SDPB Television (KUSD), TPT (KTCA), KSMQ (KSMQ), KPTS/Channel 8 (KPTS), KTWU/Channel 11 (KTWU), East Tennessee PBS (WSJK), WCTE-TV (WCTE), WLJT, Channel 11 (WLJT), WOSU TV (WOSU), WOUB/WOUC (WOUB), WVPB (WVPB), WKYU-PBS (WKYU), KERA 13 (KERA), MPBN (WCBB), Mountain Lake PBS (WCFE), NHPTV (WENH), Vermont PBS (WETK), witf (WITF), WQED Multimedia (WQED), WMHT Educational Telecommunications (WMHT), Q-TV (WDCQ), WTVS Detroit Public TV (WTVS), CMU Public Television (WCMU), WKAR-TV (WKAR), WNMU-TV Public TV 13 (WNMU), WDSE - WRPT (WDSE), WGTE TV (WGTE), Lakeland Public Television (KAWE), KMOS-TV - Channels 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 (KMOS), MontanaPBS (KUSM), KRWG/Channel 22 (KRWG), KACV (KACV), KCOS/Channel 13 (KCOS), WCNY/Channel 24 (WCNY), WNED (WNED), WPBS (WPBS), WSKG Public TV (WSKG), WXXI (WXXI), WPSU (WPSU), WVIA Public Media Studios (WVIA), WTVI (WTVI), Western Reserve PBS (WNEO), WVIZ/PBS ideastream (WVIZ), KCTS 9 (KCTS), Basin PBS (KPBT), KUHT / Channel 8 (KUHT), KLRN (KLRN), KLRU (KLRU), WTJX Channel 12 (WTJX), WCVE PBS (WCVE), KBTC Public Television (KBTC)
+ - **PBSKids**
  - **PearVideo**
  - **PeekVids**
  - **peer.tv**
@@ -1016,10 +1081,12 @@ # Supported sites
  - **PerformGroup**
  - **periscope**: Periscope
  - **periscope:user**: Periscope user videos
+ - **PGATour**
  - **PhilharmonieDeParis**: Philharmonie de Paris
  - **phoenix.de**
  - **Photobucket**
  - **Piapro**: [*piapro*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **PIAULIZAPortal**: ulizaportal.jp - PIA LIVE STREAM
  - **Picarto**
  - **PicartoVod**
  - **Piksel**
@@ -1057,13 +1124,13 @@ # Supported sites
  - **PolskieRadio**
  - **polskieradio:audition**
  - **polskieradio:category**
- - **polskieradio:kierowcow**
  - **polskieradio:legacy**
  - **polskieradio:player**
  - **polskieradio:podcast**
  - **polskieradio:​podcast:list**
  - **Popcorntimes**
  - **PopcornTV**
+ - **Pornbox**
  - **PornCom**
  - **PornerBros**
  - **Pornez**
@@ -1080,7 +1147,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **PornTop**
  - **PornTube**
  - **Pr0gramm**
- - **Pr0grammStatic**
  - **PrankCast**
  - **PremiershipRugby**
  - **PressTV**
@@ -1095,6 +1161,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **puhutv:serie**
  - **Puls4**
  - **Pyvideo**
+ - **QDance**: [*qdance*](## "netrc machine")
  - **QingTing**
  - **qqmusic**: QQ音乐
  - **qqmusic:album**: QQ音乐 - 专辑
@@ -1114,6 +1181,10 @@ # Supported sites
  - **radiocanada**
  - **radiocanada:audiovideo**
  - **radiofrance**
+ - **RadioFranceLive**
+ - **RadioFrancePodcast**
+ - **RadioFranceProfile**
+ - **RadioFranceProgramSchedule**
  - **RadioJavan**
  - **radiokapital**
  - **radiokapital:show**
@@ -1122,6 +1193,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **radlive:channel**
  - **radlive:season**
  - **Rai**
+ - **RaiCultura**
  - **RaiNews**
  - **RaiPlay**
  - **RaiPlayLive**
@@ -1134,6 +1206,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **RayWenderlichCourse**
  - **RbgTum**
  - **RbgTumCourse**
+ - **RbgTumNewCourse**
  - **RBMARadio**
  - **RCS**
  - **RCSEmbeds**
@@ -1142,11 +1215,12 @@ # Supported sites
  - **RCTIPlusSeries**
  - **RCTIPlusTV**
  - **RDS**: RDS.ca
+ - **Recurbate**
  - **RedBull**
  - **RedBullEmbed**
  - **RedBullTV**
  - **RedBullTVRrnContent**
- - **Reddit**
+ - **Reddit**: [*reddit*](## "netrc machine")
  - **RedGifs**
  - **RedGifsSearch**: Redgifs search
  - **RedGifsUser**: Redgifs user
@@ -1157,6 +1231,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Restudy**
  - **Reuters**
  - **ReverbNation**
+ - **RheinMainTV**
  - **RICE**
  - **RMCDecouverte**
  - **RockstarGames**
@@ -1186,6 +1261,9 @@ # Supported sites
  - **RTP**
  - **RTRFM**
  - **RTS**: RTS.ch
+ - **RTVCKaltura**
+ - **RTVCPlay**
+ - **RTVCPlayEmbed**
  - **rtve.es:alacarta**: RTVE a la carta
  - **rtve.es:audio**: RTVE audio
  - **rtve.es:infantil**: RTVE infantil
@@ -1211,6 +1289,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Ruutu**
  - **Ruv**
  - **ruv.is:spila**
+ - **S4C**
+ - **S4CSeries**
  - **safari**: [*safari*](## "netrc machine") safaribooksonline.com online video
  - **safari:api**: [*safari*](## "netrc machine")
  - **safari:course**: [*safari*](## "netrc machine") safaribooksonline.com online courses
@@ -1239,6 +1319,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **SCTE**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine")
  - **SCTECourse**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Seeker**
+ - **SenalColombiaLive**
  - **SenateGov**
  - **SenateISVP**
  - **SendtoNews**
@@ -1276,6 +1357,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Smotrim**
  - **Snotr**
  - **Sohu**
+ - **SohuV**
  - **SonyLIV**: [*sonyliv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **SonyLIVSeries**
  - **soundcloud**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1315,6 +1397,9 @@ # Supported sites
  - **sr:mediathek**: Saarländischer Rundfunk
  - **SRGSSR**
  - **SRGSSRPlay**: srf.ch, rts.ch, rsi.ch, rtr.ch and swissinfo.ch play sites
+ - **StacommuLive**: [*stacommu*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **StacommuVOD**: [*stacommu*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **StagePlusVODConcert**: [*stageplus*](## "netrc machine")
  - **stanfordoc**: Stanford Open ClassRoom
  - **StarTrek**
  - **startv**
@@ -1326,7 +1411,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **StoryFireSeries**
  - **StoryFireUser**
  - **Streamable**
- - **Streamanity**
  - **streamcloud.eu**
  - **StreamCZ**
  - **StreamFF**
@@ -1351,6 +1435,9 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Tagesschau**
  - **Tass**
  - **TBS**
+ - **TBSJPEpisode**
+ - **TBSJPPlaylist**
+ - **TBSJPProgram**
  - **TDSLifeway**
  - **Teachable**: [*teachable*](## "netrc machine")
  - **TeachableCourse**: [*teachable*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1384,6 +1471,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Tempo**
  - **TennisTV**: [*tennistv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **TenPlay**: [*10play*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **TenPlaySeason**
  - **TF1**
  - **TFO**
  - **TheHoleTv**
@@ -1392,8 +1480,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **ThePlatformFeed**
  - **TheStar**
  - **TheSun**
- - **ThetaStream**
- - **ThetaVideo**
  - **TheWeatherChannel**
  - **ThisAmericanLife**
  - **ThisAV**
@@ -1427,6 +1513,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **TrailerAddict**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **TravelChannel**
  - **Triller**: [*triller*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **TrillerShort**
  - **TrillerUser**: [*triller*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Trilulilu**
  - **Trovo**
@@ -1499,12 +1586,12 @@ # Supported sites
  - **TwitchVideos**: [*twitch*](## "netrc machine")
  - **TwitchVideosClips**: [*twitch*](## "netrc machine")
  - **TwitchVideosCollections**: [*twitch*](## "netrc machine")
- - **twitter**
- - **twitter:amplify**
- - **twitter:broadcast**
+ - **twitter**: [*twitter*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **twitter:amplify**: [*twitter*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **twitter:broadcast**: [*twitter*](## "netrc machine")
  - **twitter:card**
- - **twitter:shortener**
- - **twitter:spaces**
+ - **twitter:shortener**: [*twitter*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **twitter:spaces**: [*twitter*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Txxx**
  - **udemy**: [*udemy*](## "netrc machine")
  - **udemy:course**: [*udemy*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1541,7 +1628,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **VGTV**: VGTV, BTTV, FTV, Aftenposten and Aftonbladet
  - **vh1.com**
  - **vhx:embed**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
- - **Viafree**
  - **vice**
  - **vice:article**
  - **vice:show**
@@ -1598,6 +1684,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **vk**: [*vk*](## "netrc machine") VK
  - **vk:uservideos**: [*vk*](## "netrc machine") VK - User's Videos
  - **vk:wallpost**: [*vk*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **VKPlay**
+ - **VKPlayLive**
  - **vm.tiktok**
  - **Vocaroo**
  - **Vodlocker**
@@ -1607,8 +1695,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **voicy**
  - **voicy:channel**
  - **VolejTV**
- - **Voot**
- - **VootSeries**
+ - **Voot**: [*voot*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **VootSeries**: [*voot*](## "netrc machine")
  - **VoxMedia**
  - **VoxMediaVolume**
  - **vpro**: npo.nl, ntr.nl, omroepwnl.nl, zapp.nl and npo3.nl
@@ -1616,7 +1704,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **vqq:video**
  - **Vrak**
  - **VRT**: VRT NWS, Flanders News, Flandern Info and Sporza
- - **VrtNU**: [*vrtnu*](## "netrc machine") VrtNU.be
+ - **VrtNU**: [*vrtnu*](## "netrc machine") VRT MAX
  - **vrv**: [*vrv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **vrv:series**
  - **VShare**
@@ -1648,7 +1736,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **wdr:mobile**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **WDRElefant**
  - **WDRPage**
- - **web.archive:vlive**: web.archive.org saved vlive videos
  - **web.archive:youtube**: web.archive.org saved youtube videos, "ytarchive:" prefix
  - **Webcamerapl**
  - **Webcaster**
@@ -1656,13 +1743,24 @@ # Supported sites
  - **WebOfStories**
  - **WebOfStoriesPlaylist**
  - **Weibo**
- - **WeiboMobile**
+ - **WeiboUser**
+ - **WeiboVideo**
  - **WeiqiTV**: WQTV
  - **wetv:episode**
  - **WeTvSeries**
+ - **Weverse**: [*weverse*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **WeverseLive**: [*weverse*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **WeverseLiveTab**: [*weverse*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **WeverseMedia**: [*weverse*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **WeverseMediaTab**: [*weverse*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **WeverseMoment**: [*weverse*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **WeVidi**
+ - **Weyyak**
  - **whowatch**
+ - **Whyp**
  - **wikimedia.org**
  - **Willow**
+ - **Wimbledon**
  - **WimTV**
  - **WinSportsVideo**
  - **Wistia**
@@ -1674,13 +1772,17 @@ # Supported sites
  - **WorldStarHipHop**
  - **wppilot**
  - **wppilot:channels**
- - **WrestleUniversePPV**
- - **WrestleUniverseVOD**
+ - **WrestleUniversePPV**: [*wrestleuniverse*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **WrestleUniverseVOD**: [*wrestleuniverse*](## "netrc machine")
  - **WSJ**: Wall Street Journal
  - **WSJArticle**
  - **WWE**
  - **wyborcza:video**
  - **WyborczaPodcast**
+ - **wykop:dig**
+ - **wykop:​dig:comment**
+ - **wykop:post**
+ - **wykop:​post:comment**
  - **Xanimu**
  - **XBef**
  - **XboxClips**
@@ -1701,8 +1803,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **xvideos:quickies**
  - **XXXYMovies**
  - **Yahoo**: Yahoo screen and movies
- - **yahoo:gyao**
- - **yahoo:​gyao:player**
  - **yahoo:japannews**: Yahoo! Japan News
  - **YandexDisk**
  - **yandexmusic:album**: Яндекс.Музыка - Альбом
@@ -1714,6 +1814,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **YandexVideoPreview**
  - **YapFiles**
  - **Yappy**
+ - **YappyProfile**
  - **YesJapan**
  - **yinyuetai:video**: 音悦Tai
  - **YleAreena**
@@ -1739,13 +1840,14 @@ # Supported sites
  - **youtube:​search:date**: YouTube search, newest videos first; "ytsearchdate:" prefix
  - **youtube:search_url**: YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support
  - **youtube:​shorts:pivot:audio**: YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)
- - **youtube:stories**: YouTube channel stories; "ytstories:" prefix
  - **youtube:subscriptions**: YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)
  - **youtube:tab**: YouTube Tabs
  - **youtube:user**: YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix
  - **youtube:watchlater**: Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)
  - **YoutubeLivestreamEmbed**: YouTube livestream embeds
  - **YoutubeYtBe**: youtu.be
+ - **Zaiko**
+ - **ZaikoETicket**
  - **Zapiks**
  - **Zattoo**: [*zattoo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **ZattooLive**: [*zattoo*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1763,6 +1865,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **zingmp3:album**
  - **zingmp3:chart-home**
  - **zingmp3:chart-music-video**
+ - **zingmp3:hub**
  - **zingmp3:user**
  - **zingmp3:week-chart**
  - **zoom**
diff --git a/test/conftest.py b/test/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15549d30b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+import functools
+import inspect
+
+import pytest
+
+from yt_dlp.networking import RequestHandler
+from yt_dlp.networking.common import _REQUEST_HANDLERS
+from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _YDLLogger as FakeLogger
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def handler(request):
+    RH_KEY = request.param
+    if inspect.isclass(RH_KEY) and issubclass(RH_KEY, RequestHandler):
+        handler = RH_KEY
+    elif RH_KEY in _REQUEST_HANDLERS:
+        handler = _REQUEST_HANDLERS[RH_KEY]
+    else:
+        pytest.skip(f'{RH_KEY} request handler is not available')
+
+    return functools.partial(handler, logger=FakeLogger)
diff --git a/test/helper.py b/test/helper.py
index 0b90660ff..539b2f618 100644
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@@ -194,8 +194,8 @@ def sanitize_got_info_dict(got_dict):
         'formats', 'thumbnails', 'subtitles', 'automatic_captions', 'comments', 'entries',
 
         # Auto-generated
-        'autonumber', 'playlist', 'format_index', 'video_ext', 'audio_ext', 'duration_string', 'epoch',
-        'fulltitle', 'extractor', 'extractor_key', 'filepath', 'infojson_filename', 'original_url', 'n_entries',
+        'autonumber', 'playlist', 'format_index', 'video_ext', 'audio_ext', 'duration_string', 'epoch', 'n_entries',
+        'fulltitle', 'extractor', 'extractor_key', 'filename', 'filepath', 'infojson_filename', 'original_url',
 
         # Only live_status needs to be checked
         'is_live', 'was_live',
diff --git a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
index e8d94a6ac..b7dee496a 100644
--- a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
+++ b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
@@ -917,8 +917,6 @@ def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
                     'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
                     'video_ext': 'mp4',
                     'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 263.851,
-                    'abr': 0,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': '577',
                     'format_index': None,
@@ -936,8 +934,6 @@ def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
                     'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
                     'video_ext': 'mp4',
                     'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 577.61,
-                    'abr': 0,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': '915',
                     'format_index': None,
@@ -955,8 +951,6 @@ def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
                     'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
                     'video_ext': 'mp4',
                     'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 915.905,
-                    'abr': 0,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': '1030',
                     'format_index': None,
@@ -974,8 +968,6 @@ def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
                     'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
                     'video_ext': 'mp4',
                     'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 1030.138,
-                    'abr': 0,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': '1924',
                     'format_index': None,
@@ -993,8 +985,6 @@ def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
                     'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
                     'video_ext': 'mp4',
                     'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 1924.009,
-                    'abr': 0,
                 }],
                 {
                     'en': [{
@@ -1406,6 +1396,7 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'none',
                     'acodec': 'AACL',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
+                    'audio_channels': 2,
                     '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'audio',
                         'duration': 8880746666,
@@ -1419,9 +1410,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'audio_ext': 'isma',
-                    'video_ext': 'none',
-                    'abr': 128,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video-100',
                     'url': 'https://sdn-global-streaming-cache-3qsdn.akamaized.net/stream/3144/files/17/07/672975/3144-kZT4LWMQw6Rh7Kpd.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1445,9 +1433,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 100,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video-326',
                     'url': 'https://sdn-global-streaming-cache-3qsdn.akamaized.net/stream/3144/files/17/07/672975/3144-kZT4LWMQw6Rh7Kpd.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1471,9 +1456,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 326,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video-698',
                     'url': 'https://sdn-global-streaming-cache-3qsdn.akamaized.net/stream/3144/files/17/07/672975/3144-kZT4LWMQw6Rh7Kpd.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1497,9 +1479,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 698,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video-1493',
                     'url': 'https://sdn-global-streaming-cache-3qsdn.akamaized.net/stream/3144/files/17/07/672975/3144-kZT4LWMQw6Rh7Kpd.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1523,9 +1502,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 1493,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video-4482',
                     'url': 'https://sdn-global-streaming-cache-3qsdn.akamaized.net/stream/3144/files/17/07/672975/3144-kZT4LWMQw6Rh7Kpd.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1549,9 +1525,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 4482,
                 }],
                 {
                     'eng': [
@@ -1575,34 +1548,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                 'ec-3_test',
                 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
                 [{
-                    'format_id': 'audio_deu_1-224',
-                    'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
-                    'manifest_url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
-                    'ext': 'isma',
-                    'tbr': 224,
-                    'asr': 48000,
-                    'vcodec': 'none',
-                    'acodec': 'EC-3',
-                    'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
-                        'stream_type': 'audio',
-                        'duration': 370000000,
-                        'timescale': 10000000,
-                        'width': 0,
-                        'height': 0,
-                        'fourcc': 'EC-3',
-                        'language': 'deu',
-                        'codec_private_data': '00063F000000AF87FBA7022DFB42A4D405CD93843BDD0700200F00',
-                        'sampling_rate': 48000,
-                        'channels': 6,
-                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
-                    },
-                    'audio_ext': 'isma',
-                    'video_ext': 'none',
-                    'abr': 224,
-                }, {
                     'format_id': 'audio_deu-127',
                     'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
                     'manifest_url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1612,8 +1557,9 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'none',
                     'acodec': 'AACL',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    'audio_channels': 2,
+                    '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'audio',
                         'duration': 370000000,
                         'timescale': 10000000,
@@ -1627,9 +1573,32 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'audio_ext': 'isma',
-                    'video_ext': 'none',
-                    'abr': 127,
+                }, {
+                    'format_id': 'audio_deu_1-224',
+                    'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
+                    'manifest_url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
+                    'ext': 'isma',
+                    'tbr': 224,
+                    'asr': 48000,
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': 'EC-3',
+                    'protocol': 'ism',
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    'audio_channels': 6,
+                    '_download_params': {
+                        'stream_type': 'audio',
+                        'duration': 370000000,
+                        'timescale': 10000000,
+                        'width': 0,
+                        'height': 0,
+                        'fourcc': 'EC-3',
+                        'language': 'deu',
+                        'codec_private_data': '00063F000000AF87FBA7022DFB42A4D405CD93843BDD0700200F00',
+                        'sampling_rate': 48000,
+                        'channels': 6,
+                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                    },
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video_deu-23',
                     'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1641,8 +1610,8 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'AVC1',
                     'acodec': 'none',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'video',
                         'duration': 370000000,
                         'timescale': 10000000,
@@ -1655,9 +1624,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 23,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video_deu-403',
                     'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1669,8 +1635,8 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'AVC1',
                     'acodec': 'none',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'video',
                         'duration': 370000000,
                         'timescale': 10000000,
@@ -1683,9 +1649,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 403,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video_deu-680',
                     'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1697,8 +1660,8 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'AVC1',
                     'acodec': 'none',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'video',
                         'duration': 370000000,
                         'timescale': 10000000,
@@ -1711,9 +1674,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 680,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video_deu-1253',
                     'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1725,8 +1685,9 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'AVC1',
                     'acodec': 'none',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
+                    'vbr': 1253,
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'video',
                         'duration': 370000000,
                         'timescale': 10000000,
@@ -1739,9 +1700,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 1253,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video_deu-2121',
                     'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1753,8 +1711,8 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'AVC1',
                     'acodec': 'none',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'video',
                         'duration': 370000000,
                         'timescale': 10000000,
@@ -1767,9 +1725,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 2121,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video_deu-3275',
                     'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1781,8 +1736,8 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'AVC1',
                     'acodec': 'none',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'video',
                         'duration': 370000000,
                         'timescale': 10000000,
@@ -1795,9 +1750,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 3275,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video_deu-5300',
                     'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1809,8 +1761,8 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'AVC1',
                     'acodec': 'none',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'video',
                         'duration': 370000000,
                         'timescale': 10000000,
@@ -1823,9 +1775,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 5300,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': 'video_deu-8079',
                     'url': 'https://smstr01.dmm.t-online.de/smooth24/smoothstream_m1/streaming/sony/9221438342941275747/636887760842957027/25_km_h-Trailer-9221571562372022953_deu_20_1300k_HD_H_264_ISMV.ism/Manifest',
@@ -1837,8 +1786,8 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                     'vcodec': 'AVC1',
                     'acodec': 'none',
                     'protocol': 'ism',
-                    '_download_params':
-                    {
+                    'language': 'deu',
+                    '_download_params': {
                         'stream_type': 'video',
                         'duration': 370000000,
                         'timescale': 10000000,
@@ -1851,9 +1800,6 @@ def test_parse_ism_formats(self):
                         'bits_per_sample': 16,
                         'nal_unit_length_field': 4
                     },
-                    'video_ext': 'ismv',
-                    'audio_ext': 'none',
-                    'vbr': 8079,
                 }],
                 {},
             ),
diff --git a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
index 8da1e5e4b..0cf130db0 100644
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@
 
 import copy
 import json
-import urllib.error
 
-from test.helper import FakeYDL, assertRegexpMatches
+from test.helper import FakeYDL, assertRegexpMatches, try_rm
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
 from yt_dlp.compat import compat_os_name
 from yt_dlp.extractor import YoutubeIE
@@ -25,6 +24,7 @@
     int_or_none,
     match_filter_func,
 )
+from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 TEST_URL = 'http://localhost/sample.mp4'
 
@@ -669,7 +669,7 @@ def test(tmpl, expected, *, info=None, **params):
             for (name, got), expect in zip((('outtmpl', out), ('filename', fname)), expected):
                 if callable(expect):
                     self.assertTrue(expect(got), f'Wrong {name} from {tmpl}')
-                else:
+                elif expect is not None:
                     self.assertEqual(got, expect, f'Wrong {name} from {tmpl}')
 
         # Side-effects
@@ -684,7 +684,8 @@ def test(tmpl, expected, *, info=None, **params):
         test('%(id)s.%(ext)s', '1234.mp4')
         test('%(duration_string)s', ('27:46:40', '27-46-40'))
         test('%(resolution)s', '1080p')
-        test('%(playlist_index)s', '001')
+        test('%(playlist_index|)s', '001')
+        test('%(playlist_index&{}!)s', '1!')
         test('%(playlist_autonumber)s', '02')
         test('%(autonumber)s', '00001')
         test('%(autonumber+2)03d', '005', autonumber_start=3)
@@ -755,20 +756,23 @@ def expect_same_infodict(out):
         test('%(ext)c', 'm')
         test('%(id)d %(id)r', "1234 '1234'")
         test('%(id)r %(height)r', "'1234' 1080")
+        test('%(title5)a %(height)a', (R"'\xe1\xe9\xed \U0001d400' 1080", None))
         test('%(ext)s-%(ext|def)d', 'mp4-def')
-        test('%(width|0)04d', '0000')
-        test('a%(width|)d', 'a', outtmpl_na_placeholder='none')
+        test('%(width|0)04d', '0')
+        test('a%(width|b)d', 'ab', outtmpl_na_placeholder='none')
 
         FORMATS = self.outtmpl_info['formats']
-        sanitize = lambda x: x.replace(':', '：').replace('"', "＂").replace('\n', ' ')
 
         # Custom type casting
         test('%(formats.:.id)l', 'id 1, id 2, id 3')
         test('%(formats.:.id)#l', ('id 1\nid 2\nid 3', 'id 1 id 2 id 3'))
         test('%(ext)l', 'mp4')
         test('%(formats.:.id) 18l', '  id 1, id 2, id 3')
-        test('%(formats)j', (json.dumps(FORMATS), sanitize(json.dumps(FORMATS))))
-        test('%(formats)#j', (json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4), sanitize(json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4))))
+        test('%(formats)j', (json.dumps(FORMATS), None))
+        test('%(formats)#j', (
+            json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4),
+            json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4).replace(':', '：').replace('"', "＂").replace('\n', ' ')
+        ))
         test('%(title5).3B', 'á')
         test('%(title5)U', 'áéí 𝐀')
         test('%(title5)#U', 'a\u0301e\u0301i\u0301 𝐀')
@@ -780,9 +784,9 @@ def expect_same_infodict(out):
         test('%(title4)#S', 'foo_bar_test')
         test('%(title4).10S', ('foo ＂bar＂ ', 'foo ＂bar＂' + ('#' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else ' ')))
         if compat_os_name == 'nt':
-            test('%(title4)q', ('"foo \\"bar\\" test"', "＂foo ⧹＂bar⧹＂ test＂"))
-            test('%(formats.:.id)#q', ('"id 1" "id 2" "id 3"', '＂id 1＂ ＂id 2＂ ＂id 3＂'))
-            test('%(formats.0.id)#q', ('"id 1"', '＂id 1＂'))
+            test('%(title4)q', ('"foo ""bar"" test"', None))
+            test('%(formats.:.id)#q', ('"id 1" "id 2" "id 3"', None))
+            test('%(formats.0.id)#q', ('"id 1"', None))
         else:
             test('%(title4)q', ('\'foo "bar" test\'', '\'foo ＂bar＂ test\''))
             test('%(formats.:.id)#q', "'id 1' 'id 2' 'id 3'")
@@ -793,8 +797,8 @@ def expect_same_infodict(out):
         test('%(title|%)s %(title|%%)s', '% %%')
         test('%(id+1-height+3)05d', '00158')
         test('%(width+100)05d', 'NA')
-        test('%(formats.0) 15s', ('% 15s' % FORMATS[0], '% 15s' % sanitize(str(FORMATS[0]))))
-        test('%(formats.0)r', (repr(FORMATS[0]), sanitize(repr(FORMATS[0]))))
+        test('%(formats.0) 15s', ('% 15s' % FORMATS[0], None))
+        test('%(formats.0)r', (repr(FORMATS[0]), None))
         test('%(height.0)03d', '001')
         test('%(-height.0)04d', '-001')
         test('%(formats.-1.id)s', FORMATS[-1]['id'])
@@ -806,7 +810,7 @@ def expect_same_infodict(out):
         out = json.dumps([{'id': f['id'], 'height.:2': str(f['height'])[:2]}
                           if 'height' in f else {'id': f['id']}
                           for f in FORMATS])
-        test('%(formats.:.{id,height.:2})j', (out, sanitize(out)))
+        test('%(formats.:.{id,height.:2})j', (out, None))
         test('%(formats.:.{id,height}.id)l', ', '.join(f['id'] for f in FORMATS))
         test('%(.{id,title})j', ('{"id": "1234"}', '{＂id＂： ＂1234＂}'))
 
@@ -822,6 +826,11 @@ def expect_same_infodict(out):
         test('%(title&foo|baz)s.bar', 'baz.bar')
         test('%(x,id&foo|baz)s.bar', 'foo.bar')
         test('%(x,title&foo|baz)s.bar', 'baz.bar')
+        test('%(id&a\nb|)s', ('a\nb', 'a b'))
+        test('%(id&hi {:>10} {}|)s', 'hi       1234 1234')
+        test(R'%(id&{0} {}|)s', 'NA')
+        test(R'%(id&{0.1}|)s', 'NA')
+        test('%(height&{:,d})S', '1,080')
 
         # Laziness
         def gen():
@@ -867,12 +876,12 @@ def test_postprocessors(self):
 
         class SimplePP(PostProcessor):
             def run(self, info):
-                with open(audiofile, 'wt') as f:
+                with open(audiofile, 'w') as f:
                     f.write('EXAMPLE')
                 return [info['filepath']], info
 
         def run_pp(params, PP):
-            with open(filename, 'wt') as f:
+            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                 f.write('EXAMPLE')
             ydl = YoutubeDL(params)
             ydl.add_post_processor(PP())
@@ -891,7 +900,7 @@ def run_pp(params, PP):
 
         class ModifierPP(PostProcessor):
             def run(self, info):
-                with open(info['filepath'], 'wt') as f:
+                with open(info['filepath'], 'w') as f:
                     f.write('MODIFIED')
                 return [], info
 
@@ -1093,11 +1102,6 @@ def test_selection(params, expected_ids, evaluate_all=False):
         test_selection({'playlist_items': '-15::2'}, INDICES[1::2], True)
         test_selection({'playlist_items': '-15::15'}, [], True)
 
-    def test_urlopen_no_file_protocol(self):
-        # see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8227
-        ydl = YDL()
-        self.assertRaises(urllib.error.URLError, ydl.urlopen, 'file:///etc/passwd')
-
     def test_do_not_override_ie_key_in_url_transparent(self):
         ydl = YDL()
 
@@ -1211,6 +1215,129 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         self.assertEqual(downloaded['extractor'], 'Video')
         self.assertEqual(downloaded['extractor_key'], 'Video')
 
+    def test_header_cookies(self):
+        from http.cookiejar import Cookie
+
+        ydl = FakeYDL()
+        ydl.report_warning = lambda *_, **__: None
+
+        def cookie(name, value, version=None, domain='', path='', secure=False, expires=None):
+            return Cookie(
+                version or 0, name, value, None, False,
+                domain, bool(domain), bool(domain), path, bool(path),
+                secure, expires, False, None, None, rest={})
+
+        _test_url = 'https://yt.dlp/test'
+
+        def test(encoded_cookies, cookies, *, headers=False, round_trip=None, error_re=None):
+            def _test():
+                ydl.cookiejar.clear()
+                ydl._load_cookies(encoded_cookies, autoscope=headers)
+                if headers:
+                    ydl._apply_header_cookies(_test_url)
+                data = {'url': _test_url}
+                ydl._calc_headers(data)
+                self.assertCountEqual(
+                    map(vars, ydl.cookiejar), map(vars, cookies),
+                    'Extracted cookiejar.Cookie is not the same')
+                if not headers:
+                    self.assertEqual(
+                        data.get('cookies'), round_trip or encoded_cookies,
+                        'Cookie is not the same as round trip')
+                ydl.__dict__['_YoutubeDL__header_cookies'] = []
+
+            with self.subTest(msg=encoded_cookies):
+                if not error_re:
+                    _test()
+                    return
+                with self.assertRaisesRegex(Exception, error_re):
+                    _test()
+
+        test('test=value; Domain=.yt.dlp', [cookie('test', 'value', domain='.yt.dlp')])
+        test('test=value', [cookie('test', 'value')], error_re=r'Unscoped cookies are not allowed')
+        test('cookie1=value1; Domain=.yt.dlp; Path=/test; cookie2=value2; Domain=.yt.dlp; Path=/', [
+            cookie('cookie1', 'value1', domain='.yt.dlp', path='/test'),
+            cookie('cookie2', 'value2', domain='.yt.dlp', path='/')])
+        test('test=value; Domain=.yt.dlp; Path=/test; Secure; Expires=9999999999', [
+            cookie('test', 'value', domain='.yt.dlp', path='/test', secure=True, expires=9999999999)])
+        test('test="value; "; path=/test; domain=.yt.dlp', [
+            cookie('test', 'value; ', domain='.yt.dlp', path='/test')],
+            round_trip='test="value\\073 "; Domain=.yt.dlp; Path=/test')
+        test('name=; Domain=.yt.dlp', [cookie('name', '', domain='.yt.dlp')],
+             round_trip='name=""; Domain=.yt.dlp')
+
+        test('test=value', [cookie('test', 'value', domain='.yt.dlp')], headers=True)
+        test('cookie1=value; Domain=.yt.dlp; cookie2=value', [], headers=True, error_re=r'Invalid syntax')
+        ydl.deprecated_feature = ydl.report_error
+        test('test=value', [], headers=True, error_re=r'Passing cookies as a header is a potential security risk')
+
+    def test_infojson_cookies(self):
+        TEST_FILE = 'test_infojson_cookies.info.json'
+        TEST_URL = 'https://example.com/example.mp4'
+        COOKIES = 'a=b; Domain=.example.com; c=d; Domain=.example.com'
+        COOKIE_HEADER = {'Cookie': 'a=b; c=d'}
+
+        ydl = FakeYDL()
+        ydl.process_info = lambda x: ydl._write_info_json('test', x, TEST_FILE)
+
+        def make_info(info_header_cookies=False, fmts_header_cookies=False, cookies_field=False):
+            fmt = {'url': TEST_URL}
+            if fmts_header_cookies:
+                fmt['http_headers'] = COOKIE_HEADER
+            if cookies_field:
+                fmt['cookies'] = COOKIES
+            return _make_result([fmt], http_headers=COOKIE_HEADER if info_header_cookies else None)
+
+        def test(initial_info, note):
+            result = {}
+            result['processed'] = ydl.process_ie_result(initial_info)
+            self.assertTrue(ydl.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(TEST_URL),
+                            msg=f'No cookies set in cookiejar after initial process when {note}')
+            ydl.cookiejar.clear()
+            with open(TEST_FILE) as infojson:
+                result['loaded'] = ydl.sanitize_info(json.load(infojson), True)
+            result['final'] = ydl.process_ie_result(result['loaded'].copy(), download=False)
+            self.assertTrue(ydl.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(TEST_URL),
+                            msg=f'No cookies set in cookiejar after final process when {note}')
+            ydl.cookiejar.clear()
+            for key in ('processed', 'loaded', 'final'):
+                info = result[key]
+                self.assertIsNone(
+                    traverse_obj(info, ((None, ('formats', 0)), 'http_headers', 'Cookie'), casesense=False, get_all=False),
+                    msg=f'Cookie header not removed in {key} result when {note}')
+                self.assertEqual(
+                    traverse_obj(info, ((None, ('formats', 0)), 'cookies'), get_all=False), COOKIES,
+                    msg=f'No cookies field found in {key} result when {note}')
+
+        test({'url': TEST_URL, 'http_headers': COOKIE_HEADER, 'id': '1', 'title': 'x'}, 'no formats field')
+        test(make_info(info_header_cookies=True), 'info_dict header cokies')
+        test(make_info(fmts_header_cookies=True), 'format header cookies')
+        test(make_info(info_header_cookies=True, fmts_header_cookies=True), 'info_dict and format header cookies')
+        test(make_info(info_header_cookies=True, fmts_header_cookies=True, cookies_field=True), 'all cookies fields')
+        test(make_info(cookies_field=True), 'cookies format field')
+        test({'url': TEST_URL, 'cookies': COOKIES, 'id': '1', 'title': 'x'}, 'info_dict cookies field only')
+
+        try_rm(TEST_FILE)
+
+    def test_add_headers_cookie(self):
+        def check_for_cookie_header(result):
+            return traverse_obj(result, ((None, ('formats', 0)), 'http_headers', 'Cookie'), casesense=False, get_all=False)
+
+        ydl = FakeYDL({'http_headers': {'Cookie': 'a=b'}})
+        ydl._apply_header_cookies(_make_result([])['webpage_url'])  # Scope to input webpage URL: .example.com
+
+        fmt = {'url': 'https://example.com/video.mp4'}
+        result = ydl.process_ie_result(_make_result([fmt]), download=False)
+        self.assertIsNone(check_for_cookie_header(result), msg='http_headers cookies in result info_dict')
+        self.assertEqual(result.get('cookies'), 'a=b; Domain=.example.com', msg='No cookies were set in cookies field')
+        self.assertIn('a=b', ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(fmt['url']), msg='No cookies were set in cookiejar')
+
+        fmt = {'url': 'https://wrong.com/video.mp4'}
+        result = ydl.process_ie_result(_make_result([fmt]), download=False)
+        self.assertIsNone(check_for_cookie_header(result), msg='http_headers cookies for wrong domain')
+        self.assertFalse(result.get('cookies'), msg='Cookies set in cookies field for wrong domain')
+        self.assertFalse(ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(fmt['url']), msg='Cookies set in cookiejar for wrong domain')
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_YoutubeDLCookieJar.py b/test/test_YoutubeDLCookieJar.py
index 0d4e7dc97..fdb9baee5 100644
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDLCookieJar.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDLCookieJar.py
@@ -11,16 +11,16 @@
 import re
 import tempfile
 
-from yt_dlp.utils import YoutubeDLCookieJar
+from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
 
 
 class TestYoutubeDLCookieJar(unittest.TestCase):
     def test_keep_session_cookies(self):
         cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar('./test/testdata/cookies/session_cookies.txt')
-        cookiejar.load(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
+        cookiejar.load()
         tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
         try:
-            cookiejar.save(filename=tf.name, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
+            cookiejar.save(filename=tf.name)
             temp = tf.read().decode()
             self.assertTrue(re.search(
                 r'www\.foobar\.foobar\s+FALSE\s+/\s+TRUE\s+0\s+YoutubeDLExpiresEmpty\s+YoutubeDLExpiresEmptyValue', temp))
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def test_keep_session_cookies(self):
 
     def test_strip_httponly_prefix(self):
         cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar('./test/testdata/cookies/httponly_cookies.txt')
-        cookiejar.load(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
+        cookiejar.load()
 
         def assert_cookie_has_value(key):
             self.assertEqual(cookiejar._cookies['www.foobar.foobar']['/'][key].value, key + '_VALUE')
@@ -42,11 +42,25 @@ def assert_cookie_has_value(key):
 
     def test_malformed_cookies(self):
         cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar('./test/testdata/cookies/malformed_cookies.txt')
-        cookiejar.load(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
+        cookiejar.load()
         # Cookies should be empty since all malformed cookie file entries
         # will be ignored
         self.assertFalse(cookiejar._cookies)
 
+    def test_get_cookie_header(self):
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar('./test/testdata/cookies/httponly_cookies.txt')
+        cookiejar.load()
+        header = cookiejar.get_cookie_header('https://www.foobar.foobar')
+        self.assertIn('HTTPONLY_COOKIE', header)
+
+    def test_get_cookies_for_url(self):
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar('./test/testdata/cookies/session_cookies.txt')
+        cookiejar.load()
+        cookies = cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url('https://www.foobar.foobar/')
+        self.assertEqual(len(cookies), 2)
+        cookies = cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url('https://foobar.foobar/')
+        self.assertFalse(cookies)
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_compat.py b/test/test_compat.py
index 003a97abf..71ca7f99f 100644
--- a/test/test_compat.py
+++ b/test/test_compat.py
@@ -9,15 +9,16 @@
 
 
 import struct
-import urllib.parse
 
 from yt_dlp import compat
+from yt_dlp.compat import urllib  # isort: split
 from yt_dlp.compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_expanduser,
     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
     compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
 )
+from yt_dlp.compat.urllib.request import getproxies
 
 
 class TestCompat(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -28,8 +29,7 @@ def test_compat_passthrough(self):
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
             compat.WINDOWS_VT_MODE
 
-        # TODO: Test submodule
-        # compat.asyncio.events  # Must not raise error
+        self.assertEqual(urllib.request.getproxies, getproxies)
 
         with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
             compat.compat_pycrypto_AES  # Must not raise error
diff --git a/test/test_cookies.py b/test/test_cookies.py
index 4155bcbf5..5282ef621 100644
--- a/test/test_cookies.py
+++ b/test/test_cookies.py
@@ -49,32 +49,38 @@ def test_get_desktop_environment(self):
         """ based on https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/base/nix/xdg_util_unittest.cc """
         test_cases = [
             ({}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER),
+            ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'my_custom_de'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'my_custom_de'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER),
 
             ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'gnome'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
             ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'mate'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
-            ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'kde4'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE),
-            ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'kde'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE),
+            ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'kde4'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4),
+            ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'kde'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3),
             ({'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'xfce'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE),
 
             ({'GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID': 1}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
-            ({'KDE_FULL_SESSION': 1}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE),
+            ({'KDE_FULL_SESSION': 1}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3),
+            ({'KDE_FULL_SESSION': 1, 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'kde4'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4),
 
             ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'X-Cinnamon'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.CINNAMON),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'Deepin'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.DEEPIN),
             ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'GNOME'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
             ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'GNOME:GNOME-Classic'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
             ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'GNOME : GNOME-Classic'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
 
             ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'Unity', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'gnome-fallback'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
-            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'KDE', 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION': '5'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE),
-            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'KDE'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'KDE', 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION': '5'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE5),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'KDE', 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION': '6'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE6),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'KDE'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4),
             ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'Pantheon'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.PANTHEON),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'UKUI'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI),
             ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'Unity'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UNITY),
             ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'Unity:Unity7'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UNITY),
             ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'Unity:Unity8'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UNITY),
         ]
 
         for env, expected_desktop_environment in test_cases:
-            self.assertEqual(_get_linux_desktop_environment(env), expected_desktop_environment)
+            self.assertEqual(_get_linux_desktop_environment(env, Logger()), expected_desktop_environment)
 
     def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_linux_derive_key(self):
         key = LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor.derive_key(b'abc')
diff --git a/test/test_download.py b/test/test_download.py
index 43b39c36b..253079249 100755
--- a/test/test_download.py
+++ b/test/test_download.py
@@ -10,10 +10,7 @@
 
 import collections
 import hashlib
-import http.client
 import json
-import socket
-import urllib.error
 
 from test.helper import (
     assertGreaterEqual,
@@ -29,10 +26,12 @@
 
 import yt_dlp.YoutubeDL  # isort: split
 from yt_dlp.extractor import get_info_extractor
+from yt_dlp.networking.exceptions import HTTPError, TransportError
 from yt_dlp.utils import (
     DownloadError,
     ExtractorError,
     UnavailableVideoError,
+    YoutubeDLError,
     format_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
 )
@@ -102,6 +101,8 @@ def print_skipping(reason):
             print_skipping('IE marked as not _WORKING')
 
         for tc in test_cases:
+            if tc.get('expected_exception'):
+                continue
             info_dict = tc.get('info_dict', {})
             params = tc.get('params', {})
             if not info_dict.get('id'):
@@ -141,6 +142,17 @@ def get_tc_filename(tc):
 
         res_dict = None
 
+        def match_exception(err):
+            expected_exception = test_case.get('expected_exception')
+            if not expected_exception:
+                return False
+            if err.__class__.__name__ == expected_exception:
+                return True
+            for exc in err.exc_info:
+                if exc.__class__.__name__ == expected_exception:
+                    return True
+            return False
+
         def try_rm_tcs_files(tcs=None):
             if tcs is None:
                 tcs = test_cases
@@ -162,8 +174,9 @@ def try_rm_tcs_files(tcs=None):
                         force_generic_extractor=params.get('force_generic_extractor', False))
                 except (DownloadError, ExtractorError) as err:
                     # Check if the exception is not a network related one
-                    if (err.exc_info[0] not in (urllib.error.URLError, socket.timeout, UnavailableVideoError, http.client.BadStatusLine)
-                            or (err.exc_info[0] == urllib.error.HTTPError and err.exc_info[1].code == 503)):
+                    if not isinstance(err.exc_info[1], (TransportError, UnavailableVideoError)) or (isinstance(err.exc_info[1], HTTPError) and err.exc_info[1].status == 503):
+                        if match_exception(err):
+                            return
                         err.msg = f'{getattr(err, "msg", err)} ({tname})'
                         raise
 
@@ -174,6 +187,10 @@ def try_rm_tcs_files(tcs=None):
                     print(f'Retrying: {try_num} failed tries\n\n##########\n\n')
 
                     try_num += 1
+                except YoutubeDLError as err:
+                    if match_exception(err):
+                        return
+                    raise
                 else:
                     break
 
@@ -249,7 +266,7 @@ def try_rm_tcs_files(tcs=None):
                 # extractor returns full results even with extract_flat
                 res_tcs = [{'info_dict': e} for e in res_dict['entries']]
                 try_rm_tcs_files(res_tcs)
-
+            ydl.close()
     return test_template
 
 
diff --git a/test/test_downloader_external.py b/test/test_downloader_external.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62f7d45d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_downloader_external.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Allow direct execution
+import os
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+import http.cookiejar
+
+from test.helper import FakeYDL
+from yt_dlp.downloader.external import (
+    Aria2cFD,
+    AxelFD,
+    CurlFD,
+    FFmpegFD,
+    HttpieFD,
+    WgetFD,
+)
+
+TEST_COOKIE = {
+    'version': 0,
+    'name': 'test',
+    'value': 'ytdlp',
+    'port': None,
+    'port_specified': False,
+    'domain': '.example.com',
+    'domain_specified': True,
+    'domain_initial_dot': False,
+    'path': '/',
+    'path_specified': True,
+    'secure': False,
+    'expires': None,
+    'discard': False,
+    'comment': None,
+    'comment_url': None,
+    'rest': {},
+}
+
+TEST_INFO = {'url': 'http://www.example.com/'}
+
+
+class TestHttpieFD(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_make_cmd(self):
+        with FakeYDL() as ydl:
+            downloader = HttpieFD(ydl, {})
+            self.assertEqual(
+                downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO),
+                ['http', '--download', '--output', 'test', 'http://www.example.com/'])
+
+            # Test cookie header is added
+            ydl.cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(**TEST_COOKIE))
+            self.assertEqual(
+                downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO),
+                ['http', '--download', '--output', 'test', 'http://www.example.com/', 'Cookie:test=ytdlp'])
+
+
+class TestAxelFD(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_make_cmd(self):
+        with FakeYDL() as ydl:
+            downloader = AxelFD(ydl, {})
+            self.assertEqual(
+                downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO),
+                ['axel', '-o', 'test', '--', 'http://www.example.com/'])
+
+            # Test cookie header is added
+            ydl.cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(**TEST_COOKIE))
+            self.assertEqual(
+                downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO),
+                ['axel', '-o', 'test', '-H', 'Cookie: test=ytdlp', '--max-redirect=0', '--', 'http://www.example.com/'])
+
+
+class TestWgetFD(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_make_cmd(self):
+        with FakeYDL() as ydl:
+            downloader = WgetFD(ydl, {})
+            self.assertNotIn('--load-cookies', downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO))
+            # Test cookiejar tempfile arg is added
+            ydl.cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(**TEST_COOKIE))
+            self.assertIn('--load-cookies', downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO))
+
+
+class TestCurlFD(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_make_cmd(self):
+        with FakeYDL() as ydl:
+            downloader = CurlFD(ydl, {})
+            self.assertNotIn('--cookie', downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO))
+            # Test cookie header is added
+            ydl.cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(**TEST_COOKIE))
+            self.assertIn('--cookie', downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO))
+            self.assertIn('test=ytdlp', downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO))
+
+
+class TestAria2cFD(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_make_cmd(self):
+        with FakeYDL() as ydl:
+            downloader = Aria2cFD(ydl, {})
+            downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO)
+            self.assertFalse(hasattr(downloader, '_cookies_tempfile'))
+
+            # Test cookiejar tempfile arg is added
+            ydl.cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(**TEST_COOKIE))
+            cmd = downloader._make_cmd('test', TEST_INFO)
+            self.assertIn(f'--load-cookies={downloader._cookies_tempfile}', cmd)
+
+
+@unittest.skipUnless(FFmpegFD.available(), 'ffmpeg not found')
+class TestFFmpegFD(unittest.TestCase):
+    _args = []
+
+    def _test_cmd(self, args):
+        self._args = args
+
+    def test_make_cmd(self):
+        with FakeYDL() as ydl:
+            downloader = FFmpegFD(ydl, {})
+            downloader._debug_cmd = self._test_cmd
+
+            downloader._call_downloader('test', {**TEST_INFO, 'ext': 'mp4'})
+            self.assertEqual(self._args, [
+                'ffmpeg', '-y', '-hide_banner', '-i', 'http://www.example.com/',
+                '-c', 'copy', '-f', 'mp4', 'file:test'])
+
+            # Test cookies arg is added
+            ydl.cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(**TEST_COOKIE))
+            downloader._call_downloader('test', {**TEST_INFO, 'ext': 'mp4'})
+            self.assertEqual(self._args, [
+                'ffmpeg', '-y', '-hide_banner', '-cookies', 'test=ytdlp; path=/; domain=.example.com;\r\n',
+                '-i', 'http://www.example.com/', '-c', 'copy', '-f', 'mp4', 'file:test'])
+
+            # Test with non-url input (ffmpeg reads from stdin '-' for websockets)
+            downloader._call_downloader('test', {'url': 'x', 'ext': 'mp4'})
+            self.assertEqual(self._args, [
+                'ffmpeg', '-y', '-hide_banner', '-i', 'x', '-c', 'copy', '-f', 'mp4', 'file:test'])
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_downloader_http.py b/test/test_downloader_http.py
index 381b2583c..099ec2fff 100644
--- a/test/test_downloader_http.py
+++ b/test/test_downloader_http.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
 from yt_dlp.downloader.http import HttpFD
 from yt_dlp.utils import encodeFilename
+from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _YDLLogger as FakeLogger
 
 TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
 
@@ -67,17 +68,6 @@ def do_GET(self):
             assert False
 
 
-class FakeLogger:
-    def debug(self, msg):
-        pass
-
-    def warning(self, msg):
-        pass
-
-    def error(self, msg):
-        pass
-
-
 class TestHttpFD(unittest.TestCase):
     def setUp(self):
         self.httpd = http.server.HTTPServer(
diff --git a/test/test_execution.py b/test/test_execution.py
index 7a9e800b6..fb2f6e2e9 100644
--- a/test/test_execution.py
+++ b/test/test_execution.py
@@ -45,6 +45,9 @@ def test_lazy_extractors(self):
             self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(LAZY_EXTRACTORS))
 
             _, stderr = self.run_yt_dlp(opts=('-s', 'test:'))
+            # `MIN_RECOMMENDED` emits a deprecated feature warning for deprecated python versions
+            if stderr and stderr.startswith('Deprecated Feature: Support for Python'):
+                stderr = ''
             self.assertFalse(stderr)
 
             subprocess.check_call([sys.executable, 'test/test_all_urls.py'], cwd=rootDir, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL)
diff --git a/test/test_http.py b/test/test_http.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5ca0d7a47..000000000
--- a/test/test_http.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,192 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-# Allow direct execution
-import os
-import sys
-import unittest
-
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-
-
-import http.server
-import ssl
-import threading
-import urllib.request
-
-from test.helper import http_server_port
-from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
-
-TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
-
-
-class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-    def log_message(self, format, *args):
-        pass
-
-    def do_GET(self):
-        if self.path == '/video.html':
-            self.send_response(200)
-            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
-            self.end_headers()
-            self.wfile.write(b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>')
-        elif self.path == '/vid.mp4':
-            self.send_response(200)
-            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'video/mp4')
-            self.end_headers()
-            self.wfile.write(b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x66\x74[video]')
-        elif self.path == '/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87.html':
-            self.send_response(200)
-            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
-            self.end_headers()
-            self.wfile.write(b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>')
-        else:
-            assert False
-
-
-class FakeLogger:
-    def debug(self, msg):
-        pass
-
-    def warning(self, msg):
-        pass
-
-    def error(self, msg):
-        pass
-
-
-class TestHTTP(unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.httpd = http.server.HTTPServer(
-            ('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
-        self.port = http_server_port(self.httpd)
-        self.server_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.httpd.serve_forever)
-        self.server_thread.daemon = True
-        self.server_thread.start()
-
-
-class TestHTTPS(unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
-        self.httpd = http.server.HTTPServer(
-            ('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
-        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
-        sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
-        self.httpd.socket = sslctx.wrap_socket(self.httpd.socket, server_side=True)
-        self.port = http_server_port(self.httpd)
-        self.server_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.httpd.serve_forever)
-        self.server_thread.daemon = True
-        self.server_thread.start()
-
-    def test_nocheckcertificate(self):
-        ydl = YoutubeDL({'logger': FakeLogger()})
-        self.assertRaises(
-            Exception,
-            ydl.extract_info, 'https://127.0.0.1:%d/video.html' % self.port)
-
-        ydl = YoutubeDL({'logger': FakeLogger(), 'nocheckcertificate': True})
-        r = ydl.extract_info('https://127.0.0.1:%d/video.html' % self.port)
-        self.assertEqual(r['url'], 'https://127.0.0.1:%d/vid.mp4' % self.port)
-
-
-class TestClientCert(unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
-        self.certdir = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testdata', 'certificate')
-        cacertfn = os.path.join(self.certdir, 'ca.crt')
-        self.httpd = http.server.HTTPServer(('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
-        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
-        sslctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
-        sslctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cacertfn)
-        sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
-        self.httpd.socket = sslctx.wrap_socket(self.httpd.socket, server_side=True)
-        self.port = http_server_port(self.httpd)
-        self.server_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.httpd.serve_forever)
-        self.server_thread.daemon = True
-        self.server_thread.start()
-
-    def _run_test(self, **params):
-        ydl = YoutubeDL({
-            'logger': FakeLogger(),
-            # Disable client-side validation of unacceptable self-signed testcert.pem
-            # The test is of a check on the server side, so unaffected
-            'nocheckcertificate': True,
-            **params,
-        })
-        r = ydl.extract_info('https://127.0.0.1:%d/video.html' % self.port)
-        self.assertEqual(r['url'], 'https://127.0.0.1:%d/vid.mp4' % self.port)
-
-    def test_certificate_combined_nopass(self):
-        self._run_test(client_certificate=os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientwithkey.crt'))
-
-    def test_certificate_nocombined_nopass(self):
-        self._run_test(client_certificate=os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.crt'),
-                       client_certificate_key=os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.key'))
-
-    def test_certificate_combined_pass(self):
-        self._run_test(client_certificate=os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientwithencryptedkey.crt'),
-                       client_certificate_password='foobar')
-
-    def test_certificate_nocombined_pass(self):
-        self._run_test(client_certificate=os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.crt'),
-                       client_certificate_key=os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientencrypted.key'),
-                       client_certificate_password='foobar')
-
-
-def _build_proxy_handler(name):
-    class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
-        proxy_name = name
-
-        def log_message(self, format, *args):
-            pass
-
-        def do_GET(self):
-            self.send_response(200)
-            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8')
-            self.end_headers()
-            self.wfile.write(f'{self.proxy_name}: {self.path}'.encode())
-    return HTTPTestRequestHandler
-
-
-class TestProxy(unittest.TestCase):
-    def setUp(self):
-        self.proxy = http.server.HTTPServer(
-            ('127.0.0.1', 0), _build_proxy_handler('normal'))
-        self.port = http_server_port(self.proxy)
-        self.proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.proxy.serve_forever)
-        self.proxy_thread.daemon = True
-        self.proxy_thread.start()
-
-        self.geo_proxy = http.server.HTTPServer(
-            ('127.0.0.1', 0), _build_proxy_handler('geo'))
-        self.geo_port = http_server_port(self.geo_proxy)
-        self.geo_proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.geo_proxy.serve_forever)
-        self.geo_proxy_thread.daemon = True
-        self.geo_proxy_thread.start()
-
-    def test_proxy(self):
-        geo_proxy = f'127.0.0.1:{self.geo_port}'
-        ydl = YoutubeDL({
-            'proxy': f'127.0.0.1:{self.port}',
-            'geo_verification_proxy': geo_proxy,
-        })
-        url = 'http://foo.com/bar'
-        response = ydl.urlopen(url).read().decode()
-        self.assertEqual(response, f'normal: {url}')
-
-        req = urllib.request.Request(url)
-        req.add_header('Ytdl-request-proxy', geo_proxy)
-        response = ydl.urlopen(req).read().decode()
-        self.assertEqual(response, f'geo: {url}')
-
-    def test_proxy_with_idn(self):
-        ydl = YoutubeDL({
-            'proxy': f'127.0.0.1:{self.port}',
-        })
-        url = 'http://中文.tw/'
-        response = ydl.urlopen(url).read().decode()
-        # b'xn--fiq228c' is '中文'.encode('idna')
-        self.assertEqual(response, 'normal: http://xn--fiq228c.tw/')
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_jsinterp.py b/test/test_jsinterp.py
index e090dc791..86928a6a0 100644
--- a/test/test_jsinterp.py
+++ b/test/test_jsinterp.py
@@ -8,442 +8,372 @@
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 import math
-import re
 
 from yt_dlp.jsinterp import JS_Undefined, JSInterpreter
 
 
+class NaN:
+    pass
+
+
 class TestJSInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _test(self, jsi_or_code, expected, func='f', args=()):
+        if isinstance(jsi_or_code, str):
+            jsi_or_code = JSInterpreter(jsi_or_code)
+        got = jsi_or_code.call_function(func, *args)
+        if expected is NaN:
+            self.assertTrue(math.isnan(got), f'{got} is not NaN')
+        else:
+            self.assertEqual(got, expected)
+
     def test_basic(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function x(){;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), None)
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){;}')
+        self.assertEqual(repr(jsi.extract_function('f')), 'F<f>')
+        self._test(jsi, None)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function x3(){return 42;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x3'), 42)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42;}', 42)
+        self._test('function f(){42}', None)
+        self._test('var f = function(){return 42;}', 42)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function x3(){42}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x3'), None)
+    def test_add(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 + 7;}', 49)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 + undefined;}', NaN)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 + null;}', 42)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('var x5 = function(){return 42;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x5'), 42)
+    def test_sub(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 - 7;}', 35)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 - undefined;}', NaN)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 - null;}', 42)
+
+    def test_mul(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 * 7;}', 294)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 * undefined;}', NaN)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 * null;}', 0)
+
+    def test_div(self):
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(a, b){return a / b;}')
+        self._test(jsi, NaN, args=(0, 0))
+        self._test(jsi, NaN, args=(JS_Undefined, 1))
+        self._test(jsi, float('inf'), args=(2, 0))
+        self._test(jsi, 0, args=(0, 3))
+
+    def test_mod(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 % 7;}', 0)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 % 0;}', NaN)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 % undefined;}', NaN)
+
+    def test_exp(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 ** 2;}', 1764)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 ** undefined;}', NaN)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 ** null;}', 1)
+        self._test('function f(){return undefined ** 42;}', NaN)
 
     def test_calc(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function x4(a){return 2*a+1;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x4', 3), 7)
+        self._test('function f(a){return 2*a+1;}', 7, args=[3])
 
     def test_empty_return(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return; y()}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), None)
+        self._test('function f(){return; y()}', None)
 
     def test_morespace(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function x (a) { return 2 * a + 1 ; }')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 3), 7)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f () { x =  2  ; return x; }')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 2)
+        self._test('function f (a) { return 2 * a + 1 ; }', 7, args=[3])
+        self._test('function f () { x =  2  ; return x; }', 2)
 
     def test_strange_chars(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function $_xY1 ($_axY1) { var $_axY2 = $_axY1 + 1; return $_axY2; }')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('$_xY1', 20), 21)
+        self._test('function $_xY1 ($_axY1) { var $_axY2 = $_axY1 + 1; return $_axY2; }',
+                   21, args=[20], func='$_xY1')
 
     def test_operators(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return 1 << 5;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 32)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return 2 ** 5}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 32)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return 19 & 21;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 17)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return 11 >> 2;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 2)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return []? 2+3: 4;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 5)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return 1 == 2}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), False)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return 0 && 1 || 2;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 2)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return 0 ?? 42;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 0)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return "life, the universe and everything" < 42;}')
-        self.assertFalse(jsi.call_function('f'))
+        self._test('function f(){return 1 << 5;}', 32)
+        self._test('function f(){return 2 ** 5}', 32)
+        self._test('function f(){return 19 & 21;}', 17)
+        self._test('function f(){return 11 >> 2;}', 2)
+        self._test('function f(){return []? 2+3: 4;}', 5)
+        self._test('function f(){return 1 == 2}', False)
+        self._test('function f(){return 0 && 1 || 2;}', 2)
+        self._test('function f(){return 0 ?? 42;}', 0)
+        self._test('function f(){return "life, the universe and everything" < 42;}', False)
 
     def test_array_access(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){var x = [1,2,3]; x[0] = 4; x[0] = 5; x[2.0] = 7; return x;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), [5, 2, 7])
+        self._test('function f(){var x = [1,2,3]; x[0] = 4; x[0] = 5; x[2.0] = 7; return x;}', [5, 2, 7])
 
     def test_parens(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return (1) + (2) * ((( (( (((((3)))))) )) ));}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 7)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){return (1 + 2) * 3;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 9)
+        self._test('function f(){return (1) + (2) * ((( (( (((((3)))))) )) ));}', 7)
+        self._test('function f(){return (1 + 2) * 3;}', 9)
 
     def test_quotes(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter(R'function f(){return "a\"\\("}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), R'a"\(')
+        self._test(R'function f(){return "a\"\\("}', R'a"\(')
 
     def test_assignments(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){var x = 20; x = 30 + 1; return x;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 31)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){var x = 20; x += 30 + 1; return x;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 51)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(){var x = 20; x -= 30 + 1; return x;}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), -11)
+        self._test('function f(){var x = 20; x = 30 + 1; return x;}', 31)
+        self._test('function f(){var x = 20; x += 30 + 1; return x;}', 51)
+        self._test('function f(){var x = 20; x -= 30 + 1; return x;}', -11)
 
+    @unittest.skip('Not implemented')
     def test_comments(self):
-        'Skipping: Not yet fully implemented'
-        return
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() {
-            var x = /* 1 + */ 2;
-            var y = /* 30
-            * 40 */ 50;
-            return x + y;
-        }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 52)
+        self._test('''
+            function f() {
+                var x = /* 1 + */ 2;
+                var y = /* 30
+                * 40 */ 50;
+                return x + y;
+            }
+        ''', 52)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function f() {
-            var x = "/*";
-            var y = 1 /* comment */ + 2;
-            return y;
-        }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f'), 3)
+        self._test('''
+            function f() {
+                var x = "/*";
+                var y = 1 /* comment */ + 2;
+                return y;
+            }
+        ''', 3)
 
     def test_precedence(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() {
-            var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];
-            var b = 6;
-            a[0]=a[b%a.length];
-            return a;
-        }''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [20, 20, 30, 40, 50])
+        self._test('''
+            function f() {
+                var a = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50];
+                var b = 6;
+                a[0]=a[b%a.length];
+                return a;
+            }
+        ''', [20, 20, 30, 40, 50])
 
     def test_builtins(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return NaN }
-        ''')
-        self.assertTrue(math.isnan(jsi.call_function('x')))
+        self._test('function f() { return NaN }', NaN)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return new Date('Wednesday 31 December 1969 18:01:26 MDT') - 0; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 86000)
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x(dt) { return new Date(dt) - 0; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 'Wednesday 31 December 1969 18:01:26 MDT'), 86000)
+    def test_date(self):
+        self._test('function f() { return new Date("Wednesday 31 December 1969 18:01:26 MDT") - 0; }', 86000)
+
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(dt) { return new Date(dt) - 0; }')
+        self._test(jsi, 86000, args=['Wednesday 31 December 1969 18:01:26 MDT'])
+        self._test(jsi, 86000, args=['12/31/1969 18:01:26 MDT'])  # m/d/y
+        self._test(jsi, 0, args=['1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC'])
 
     def test_call(self):
         jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return 2; }
-        function y(a) { return x() + (a?a:0); }
-        function z() { return y(3); }
+            function x() { return 2; }
+            function y(a) { return x() + (a?a:0); }
+            function z() { return y(3); }
         ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('z'), 5)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('y'), 2)
+        self._test(jsi, 5, func='z')
+        self._test(jsi, 2, func='y')
 
     def test_if(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() {
-            let a = 9;
-            if (0==0) {a++}
-            return a
-        }''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 10)
+        self._test('''
+            function f() {
+                let a = 9;
+                if (0==0) {a++}
+                return a
+            }
+        ''', 10)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() {
-            if (0==0) {return 10}
-        }''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 10)
+        self._test('''
+            function f() {
+                if (0==0) {return 10}
+            }
+        ''', 10)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() {
-            if (0!=0) {return 1}
-            else {return 10}
-        }''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 10)
+        self._test('''
+            function f() {
+                if (0!=0) {return 1}
+                else {return 10}
+            }
+        ''', 10)
 
         """  # Unsupported
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() {
-            if (0!=0) {return 1}
-            else if (1==0) {return 2}
-            else {return 10}
-        }''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 10)
+        self._test('''
+            function f() {
+                if (0!=0) {return 1}
+                else if (1==0) {return 2}
+                else {return 10}
+            }
+        ''', 10)
         """
 
     def test_for_loop(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { a=0; for (i=0; i-10; i++) {a++} return a }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 10)
+        self._test('function f() { a=0; for (i=0; i-10; i++) {a++} return a }', 10)
 
     def test_switch(self):
         jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x(f) { switch(f){
-            case 1:f+=1;
-            case 2:f+=2;
-            case 3:f+=3;break;
-            case 4:f+=4;
-            default:f=0;
-        } return f }
+            function f(x) { switch(x){
+                case 1:x+=1;
+                case 2:x+=2;
+                case 3:x+=3;break;
+                case 4:x+=4;
+                default:x=0;
+            } return x }
         ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 1), 7)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 3), 6)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 5), 0)
+        self._test(jsi, 7, args=[1])
+        self._test(jsi, 6, args=[3])
+        self._test(jsi, 0, args=[5])
 
     def test_switch_default(self):
         jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x(f) { switch(f){
-            case 2: f+=2;
-            default: f-=1;
-            case 5:
-            case 6: f+=6;
-            case 0: break;
-            case 1: f+=1;
-        } return f }
+            function f(x) { switch(x){
+                case 2: x+=2;
+                default: x-=1;
+                case 5:
+                case 6: x+=6;
+                case 0: break;
+                case 1: x+=1;
+            } return x }
         ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 1), 2)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 5), 11)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 9), 14)
+        self._test(jsi, 2, args=[1])
+        self._test(jsi, 11, args=[5])
+        self._test(jsi, 14, args=[9])
 
     def test_try(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { try{return 10} catch(e){return 5} }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 10)
+        self._test('function f() { try{return 10} catch(e){return 5} }', 10)
 
     def test_catch(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { try{throw 10} catch(e){return 5} }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 5)
+        self._test('function f() { try{throw 10} catch(e){return 5} }', 5)
 
     def test_finally(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { try{throw 10} finally {return 42} }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 42)
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { try{throw 10} catch(e){return 5} finally {return 42} }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 42)
+        self._test('function f() { try{throw 10} finally {return 42} }', 42)
+        self._test('function f() { try{throw 10} catch(e){return 5} finally {return 42} }', 42)
 
     def test_nested_try(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() {try {
-            try{throw 10} finally {throw 42}
-            } catch(e){return 5} }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 5)
+        self._test('''
+            function f() {try {
+                try{throw 10} finally {throw 42}
+                } catch(e){return 5} }
+        ''', 5)
 
     def test_for_loop_continue(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { a=0; for (i=0; i-10; i++) { continue; a++ } return a }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 0)
+        self._test('function f() { a=0; for (i=0; i-10; i++) { continue; a++ } return a }', 0)
 
     def test_for_loop_break(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { a=0; for (i=0; i-10; i++) { break; a++ } return a }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 0)
+        self._test('function f() { a=0; for (i=0; i-10; i++) { break; a++ } return a }', 0)
 
     def test_for_loop_try(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() {
-            for (i=0; i-10; i++) { try { if (i == 5) throw i} catch {return 10} finally {break} };
-            return 42 }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 42)
+        self._test('''
+            function f() {
+                for (i=0; i-10; i++) { try { if (i == 5) throw i} catch {return 10} finally {break} };
+                return 42 }
+        ''', 42)
 
     def test_literal_list(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return [1, 2, "asdf", [5, 6, 7]][3] }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [5, 6, 7])
+        self._test('function f() { return [1, 2, "asdf", [5, 6, 7]][3] }', [5, 6, 7])
 
     def test_comma(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { a=5; a -= 1, a+=3; return a }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 7)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { a=5; return (a -= 1, a+=3, a); }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 7)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return (l=[0,1,2,3], function(a, b){return a+b})((l[1], l[2]), l[3]) }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 5)
+        self._test('function f() { a=5; a -= 1, a+=3; return a }', 7)
+        self._test('function f() { a=5; return (a -= 1, a+=3, a); }', 7)
+        self._test('function f() { return (l=[0,1,2,3], function(a, b){return a+b})((l[1], l[2]), l[3]) }', 5)
 
     def test_void(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return void 42; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), None)
+        self._test('function f() { return void 42; }', None)
 
     def test_return_function(self):
         jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return [1, function(){return 1}][1] }
+            function f() { return [1, function(){return 1}][1] }
         ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x')([]), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f')([]), 1)
 
     def test_null(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return null; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), None)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return [null > 0, null < 0, null == 0, null === 0]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [False, False, False, False])
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return [null >= 0, null <= 0]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [True, True])
+        self._test('function f() { return null; }', None)
+        self._test('function f() { return [null > 0, null < 0, null == 0, null === 0]; }',
+                   [False, False, False, False])
+        self._test('function f() { return [null >= 0, null <= 0]; }', [True, True])
 
     def test_undefined(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return undefined === undefined; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), True)
+        self._test('function f() { return undefined === undefined; }', True)
+        self._test('function f() { return undefined; }', JS_Undefined)
+        self._test('function f() {return undefined ?? 42; }', 42)
+        self._test('function f() { let v; return v; }', JS_Undefined)
+        self._test('function f() { let v; return v**0; }', 1)
+        self._test('function f() { let v; return [v>42, v<=42, v&&42, 42&&v]; }',
+                   [False, False, JS_Undefined, JS_Undefined])
+
+        self._test('''
+            function f() { return [
+                undefined === undefined,
+                undefined == undefined,
+                undefined == null,
+                undefined < undefined,
+                undefined > undefined,
+                undefined === 0,
+                undefined == 0,
+                undefined < 0,
+                undefined > 0,
+                undefined >= 0,
+                undefined <= 0,
+                undefined > null,
+                undefined < null,
+                undefined === null
+            ]; }
+        ''', list(map(bool, (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0))))
 
         jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return undefined; }
+            function f() { let v; return [42+v, v+42, v**42, 42**v, 0**v]; }
         ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), JS_Undefined)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let v; return v; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), JS_Undefined)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return [undefined === undefined, undefined == undefined, undefined < undefined, undefined > undefined]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [True, True, False, False])
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return [undefined === 0, undefined == 0, undefined < 0, undefined > 0]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [False, False, False, False])
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return [undefined >= 0, undefined <= 0]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [False, False])
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return [undefined > null, undefined < null, undefined == null, undefined === null]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [False, False, True, False])
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return [undefined === null, undefined == null, undefined < null, undefined > null]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [False, True, False, False])
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let v; return [42+v, v+42, v**42, 42**v, 0**v]; }
-        ''')
-        for y in jsi.call_function('x'):
+        for y in jsi.call_function('f'):
             self.assertTrue(math.isnan(y))
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let v; return v**0; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 1)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let v; return [v>42, v<=42, v&&42, 42&&v]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [False, False, JS_Undefined, JS_Undefined])
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function x(){return undefined ?? 42; }')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 42)
-
     def test_object(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { return {}; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), {})
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let a = {m1: 42, m2: 0 }; return [a["m1"], a.m2]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), [42, 0])
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let a; return a?.qq; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), JS_Undefined)
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let a = {m1: 42, m2: 0 }; return a?.qq; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), JS_Undefined)
+        self._test('function f() { return {}; }', {})
+        self._test('function f() { let a = {m1: 42, m2: 0 }; return [a["m1"], a.m2]; }', [42, 0])
+        self._test('function f() { let a; return a?.qq; }', JS_Undefined)
+        self._test('function f() { let a = {m1: 42, m2: 0 }; return a?.qq; }', JS_Undefined)
 
     def test_regex(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let a=/,,[/,913,/](,)}/; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), None)
+        self._test('function f() { let a=/,,[/,913,/](,)}/; }', None)
+        self._test('function f() { let a=/,,[/,913,/](,)}/; return a; }', R'/,,[/,913,/](,)}/0')
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let a=/,,[/,913,/](,)}/; return a; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertIsInstance(jsi.call_function('x'), re.Pattern)
+        R'''  # We are not compiling regex
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f() { let a=/,,[/,913,/](,)}/; return a; }')
+        self.assertIsInstance(jsi.call_function('f'), re.Pattern)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('''
-        function x() { let a=/,,[/,913,/](,)}/i; return a; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x').flags & re.I, re.I)
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f() { let a=/,,[/,913,/](,)}/i; return a; }')
+        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f').flags & re.I, re.I)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter(R'''
-        function x() { let a=/,][}",],()}(\[)/; return a; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x').pattern, r',][}",],()}(\[)')
+        jsi = JSInterpreter(R'function f() { let a=/,][}",],()}(\[)/; return a; }')
+        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f').pattern, r',][}",],()}(\[)')
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter(R'''
-        function x() { let a=[/[)\\]/]; return a[0]; }
-        ''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x').pattern, r'[)\\]')
+        jsi = JSInterpreter(R'function f() { let a=[/[)\\]/]; return a[0]; }')
+        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f').pattern, r'[)\\]')
+        '''
+
+    @unittest.skip('Not implemented')
+    def test_replace(self):
+        self._test('function f() { let a="data-name".replace("data-", ""); return a }',
+                   'name')
+        self._test('function f() { let a="data-name".replace(new RegExp("^.+-"), ""); return a; }',
+                   'name')
+        self._test('function f() { let a="data-name".replace(/^.+-/, ""); return a; }',
+                   'name')
+        self._test('function f() { let a="data-name".replace(/a/g, "o"); return a; }',
+                   'doto-nome')
+        self._test('function f() { let a="data-name".replaceAll("a", "o"); return a; }',
+                   'doto-nome')
 
     def test_char_code_at(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function x(i){return "test".charCodeAt(i)}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 0), 116)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 1), 101)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 2), 115)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 3), 116)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 4), None)
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x', 'not_a_number'), 116)
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function f(i){return "test".charCodeAt(i)}')
+        self._test(jsi, 116, args=[0])
+        self._test(jsi, 101, args=[1])
+        self._test(jsi, 115, args=[2])
+        self._test(jsi, 116, args=[3])
+        self._test(jsi, None, args=[4])
+        self._test(jsi, 116, args=['not_a_number'])
 
     def test_bitwise_operators_overflow(self):
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function x(){return -524999584 << 5}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 379882496)
+        self._test('function f(){return -524999584 << 5}', 379882496)
+        self._test('function f(){return 1236566549 << 5}', 915423904)
 
-        jsi = JSInterpreter('function x(){return 1236566549 << 5}')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('x'), 915423904)
+    def test_bitwise_operators_typecast(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return null << 5}', 0)
+        self._test('function f(){return undefined >> 5}', 0)
+        self._test('function f(){return 42 << NaN}', 42)
+
+    def test_negative(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return 2    *    -2.0    ;}', -4)
+        self._test('function f(){return 2    -    - -2    ;}', 0)
+        self._test('function f(){return 2    -    - - -2  ;}', 4)
+        self._test('function f(){return 2    -    + + - -2;}', 0)
+        self._test('function f(){return 2    +    - + - -2;}', 0)
+
+    @unittest.skip('Not implemented')
+    def test_packed(self):
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('''function f(p,a,c,k,e,d){while(c--)if(k[c])p=p.replace(new RegExp('\\b'+c.toString(a)+'\\b','g'),k[c]);return p}''')
+        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f', '''h 7=g("1j");7.7h({7g:[{33:"w://7f-7e-7d-7c.v.7b/7a/79/78/77/76.74?t=73&s=2s&e=72&f=2t&71=70.0.0.1&6z=6y&6x=6w"}],6v:"w://32.v.u/6u.31",16:"r%",15:"r%",6t:"6s",6r:"",6q:"l",6p:"l",6o:"6n",6m:\'6l\',6k:"6j",9:[{33:"/2u?b=6i&n=50&6h=w://32.v.u/6g.31",6f:"6e"}],1y:{6d:1,6c:\'#6b\',6a:\'#69\',68:"67",66:30,65:r,},"64":{63:"%62 2m%m%61%5z%5y%5x.u%5w%5v%5u.2y%22 2k%m%1o%22 5t%m%1o%22 5s%m%1o%22 2j%m%5r%22 16%m%5q%22 15%m%5p%22 5o%2z%5n%5m%2z",5l:"w://v.u/d/1k/5k.2y",5j:[]},\'5i\':{"5h":"5g"},5f:"5e",5d:"w://v.u",5c:{},5b:l,1x:[0.25,0.50,0.75,1,1.25,1.5,2]});h 1m,1n,5a;h 59=0,58=0;h 7=g("1j");h 2x=0,57=0,56=0;$.55({54:{\'53-52\':\'2i-51\'}});7.j(\'4z\',6(x){c(5>0&&x.1l>=5&&1n!=1){1n=1;$(\'q.4y\').4x(\'4w\')}});7.j(\'13\',6(x){2x=x.1l});7.j(\'2g\',6(x){2w(x)});7.j(\'4v\',6(){$(\'q.2v\').4u()});6 2w(x){$(\'q.2v\').4t();c(1m)19;1m=1;17=0;c(4s.4r===l){17=1}$.4q(\'/2u?b=4p&2l=1k&4o=2t-4n-4m-2s-4l&4k=&4j=&4i=&17=\'+17,6(2r){$(\'#4h\').4g(2r)});$(\'.3-8-4f-4e:4d("4c")\').2h(6(e){2q();g().4b(0);g().4a(l)});6 2q(){h $14=$("<q />").2p({1l:"49",16:"r%",15:"r%",48:0,2n:0,2o:47,46:"45(10%, 10%, 10%, 0.4)","44-43":"42"});$("<41 />").2p({16:"60%",15:"60%",2o:40,"3z-2n":"3y"}).3x({\'2m\':\'/?b=3w&2l=1k\',\'2k\':\'0\',\'2j\':\'2i\'}).2f($14);$14.2h(6(){$(3v).3u();g().2g()});$14.2f($(\'#1j\'))}g().13(0);}6 3t(){h 9=7.1b(2e);2d.2c(9);c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==2e){2d.2c(\'!!=\'+i);7.1p(i)}}}}7.j(\'3s\',6(){g().1h("/2a/3r.29","3q 10 28",6(){g().13(g().27()+10)},"2b");$("q[26=2b]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');g().1h("/2a/3p.29","3o 10 28",6(){h 12=g().27()-10;c(12<0)12=0;g().13(12)},"24");$("q[26=24]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');});6 1i(){}7.j(\'3n\',6(){1i()});7.j(\'3m\',6(){1i()});7.j("k",6(y){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n<2)19;$(\'.3-8-3l-3k\').3j(6(){$(\'#3-8-a-k\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\')});7.1h("/3i/3h.3g","3f 3e",6(){$(\'.3-1w\').3d(\'3-8-1v\');$(\'.3-8-1y, .3-8-1x\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');c($(\'.3-1w\').3c(\'3-8-1v\')){$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'l\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'l\');$(\'.3-8-a\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').3b(\'3-8-a-z\')}3a{$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\')}},"39");7.j("38",6(y){1d.37(\'1c\',y.9[y.36].1a)});c(1d.1t(\'1c\')){35("1s(1d.1t(\'1c\'));",34)}});h 18;6 1s(1q){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==1q){c(i==18){19}18=i;7.1p(i)}}}}',36,270,'|||jw|||function|player|settings|tracks|submenu||if||||jwplayer|var||on|audioTracks|true|3D|length|aria|attr|div|100|||sx|filemoon|https||event|active||false|tt|seek|dd|height|width|adb|current_audio|return|name|getAudioTracks|default_audio|localStorage|removeClass|expanded|checked|addButton|callMeMaybe|vplayer|0fxcyc2ajhp1|position|vvplay|vvad|220|setCurrentAudioTrack|audio_name|for|audio_set|getItem|last|open|controls|playbackRates|captions|rewind|icon|insertAfter||detach|ff00||button|getPosition|sec|png|player8|ff11|log|console|track_name|appendTo|play|click|no|scrolling|frameborder|file_code|src|top|zIndex|css|showCCform|data|1662367683|383371|dl|video_ad|doPlay|prevt|mp4|3E||jpg|thumbs|file|300|setTimeout|currentTrack|setItem|audioTrackChanged|dualSound|else|addClass|hasClass|toggleClass|Track|Audio|svg|dualy|images|mousedown|buttons|topbar|playAttemptFailed|beforePlay|Rewind|fr|Forward|ff|ready|set_audio_track|remove|this|upload_srt|prop|50px|margin|1000001|iframe|center|align|text|rgba|background|1000000|left|absolute|pause|setCurrentCaptions|Upload|contains|item|content|html|fviews|referer|prem|embed|3e57249ef633e0d03bf76ceb8d8a4b65|216|83|hash|view|get|TokenZir|window|hide|show|complete|slow|fadeIn|video_ad_fadein|time||cache|Cache|Content|headers|ajaxSetup|v2done|tott|vastdone2|vastdone1|vvbefore|playbackRateControls|cast|aboutlink|FileMoon|abouttext|UHD|1870|qualityLabels|sites|GNOME_POWER|link|2Fiframe|3C|allowfullscreen|22360|22640|22no|marginheight|marginwidth|2FGNOME_POWER|2F0fxcyc2ajhp1|2Fe|2Ffilemoon|2F|3A||22https|3Ciframe|code|sharing|fontOpacity|backgroundOpacity|Tahoma|fontFamily|303030|backgroundColor|FFFFFF|color|userFontScale|thumbnails|kind|0fxcyc2ajhp10000|url|get_slides|start|startparam|none|preload|html5|primary|hlshtml|androidhls|duration|uniform|stretching|0fxcyc2ajhp1_xt|image|2048|sp|6871|asn|127|srv|43200|_g3XlBcu2lmD9oDexD2NLWSmah2Nu3XcDrl93m9PwXY|m3u8||master|0fxcyc2ajhp1_x|00076|01|hls2|to|s01|delivery|storage|moon|sources|setup'''.split('|')))
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/test/test_networking.py b/test/test_networking.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..689161fb2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_networking.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1539 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Allow direct execution
+import os
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+import gzip
+import http.client
+import http.cookiejar
+import http.server
+import io
+import pathlib
+import random
+import ssl
+import tempfile
+import threading
+import time
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.request
+import warnings
+import zlib
+from email.message import Message
+from http.cookiejar import CookieJar
+
+from test.helper import FakeYDL, http_server_port
+from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
+from yt_dlp.dependencies import brotli, requests, urllib3
+from yt_dlp.networking import (
+    HEADRequest,
+    PUTRequest,
+    Request,
+    RequestDirector,
+    RequestHandler,
+    Response,
+)
+from yt_dlp.networking._urllib import UrllibRH
+from yt_dlp.networking.exceptions import (
+    CertificateVerifyError,
+    HTTPError,
+    IncompleteRead,
+    NoSupportingHandlers,
+    ProxyError,
+    RequestError,
+    SSLError,
+    TransportError,
+    UnsupportedRequest,
+)
+from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _YDLLogger as FakeLogger
+from yt_dlp.utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
+
+TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+
+
+def _build_proxy_handler(name):
+    class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+        proxy_name = name
+
+        def log_message(self, format, *args):
+            pass
+
+        def do_GET(self):
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/plain; charset=utf-8')
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write('{self.proxy_name}: {self.path}'.format(self=self).encode())
+    return HTTPTestRequestHandler
+
+
+class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
+    protocol_version = 'HTTP/1.1'
+
+    def log_message(self, format, *args):
+        pass
+
+    def _headers(self):
+        payload = str(self.headers).encode()
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.send_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
+        self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(payload)
+
+    def _redirect(self):
+        self.send_response(int(self.path[len('/redirect_'):]))
+        self.send_header('Location', '/method')
+        self.send_header('Content-Length', '0')
+        self.end_headers()
+
+    def _method(self, method, payload=None):
+        self.send_response(200)
+        self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload or '')))
+        self.send_header('Method', method)
+        self.end_headers()
+        if payload:
+            self.wfile.write(payload)
+
+    def _status(self, status):
+        payload = f'<html>{status} NOT FOUND</html>'.encode()
+        self.send_response(int(status))
+        self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+        self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+        self.end_headers()
+        self.wfile.write(payload)
+
+    def _read_data(self):
+        if 'Content-Length' in self.headers:
+            return self.rfile.read(int(self.headers['Content-Length']))
+
+    def do_POST(self):
+        data = self._read_data() + str(self.headers).encode()
+        if self.path.startswith('/redirect_'):
+            self._redirect()
+        elif self.path.startswith('/method'):
+            self._method('POST', data)
+        elif self.path.startswith('/headers'):
+            self._headers()
+        else:
+            self._status(404)
+
+    def do_HEAD(self):
+        if self.path.startswith('/redirect_'):
+            self._redirect()
+        elif self.path.startswith('/method'):
+            self._method('HEAD')
+        else:
+            self._status(404)
+
+    def do_PUT(self):
+        data = self._read_data() + str(self.headers).encode()
+        if self.path.startswith('/redirect_'):
+            self._redirect()
+        elif self.path.startswith('/method'):
+            self._method('PUT', data)
+        else:
+            self._status(404)
+
+    def do_GET(self):
+        if self.path == '/video.html':
+            payload = b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload)
+        elif self.path == '/vid.mp4':
+            payload = b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x20\x66\x74[video]'
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'video/mp4')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload)
+        elif self.path == '/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87.html':
+            payload = b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload)
+        elif self.path == '/%c7%9f':
+            payload = b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload)
+        elif self.path.startswith('/redirect_loop'):
+            self.send_response(301)
+            self.send_header('Location', self.path)
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', '0')
+            self.end_headers()
+        elif self.path == '/redirect_dotsegments':
+            self.send_response(301)
+            # redirect to /headers but with dot segments before
+            self.send_header('Location', '/a/b/./../../headers')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', '0')
+            self.end_headers()
+        elif self.path.startswith('/redirect_'):
+            self._redirect()
+        elif self.path.startswith('/method'):
+            self._method('GET', str(self.headers).encode())
+        elif self.path.startswith('/headers'):
+            self._headers()
+        elif self.path.startswith('/308-to-headers'):
+            self.send_response(308)
+            self.send_header('Location', '/headers')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', '0')
+            self.end_headers()
+        elif self.path == '/trailing_garbage':
+            payload = b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Encoding', 'gzip')
+            buf = io.BytesIO()
+            with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf, mode='wb') as f:
+                f.write(payload)
+            compressed = buf.getvalue() + b'trailing garbage'
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(compressed)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(compressed)
+        elif self.path == '/302-non-ascii-redirect':
+            new_url = f'http://127.0.0.1:{http_server_port(self.server)}/中文.html'
+            self.send_response(301)
+            self.send_header('Location', new_url)
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', '0')
+            self.end_headers()
+        elif self.path == '/content-encoding':
+            encodings = self.headers.get('ytdl-encoding', '')
+            payload = b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+            for encoding in filter(None, (e.strip() for e in encodings.split(','))):
+                if encoding == 'br' and brotli:
+                    payload = brotli.compress(payload)
+                elif encoding == 'gzip':
+                    buf = io.BytesIO()
+                    with gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=buf, mode='wb') as f:
+                        f.write(payload)
+                    payload = buf.getvalue()
+                elif encoding == 'deflate':
+                    payload = zlib.compress(payload)
+                elif encoding == 'unsupported':
+                    payload = b'raw'
+                    break
+                else:
+                    self._status(415)
+                    return
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Encoding', encodings)
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload)
+        elif self.path.startswith('/gen_'):
+            payload = b'<html></html>'
+            self.send_response(int(self.path[len('/gen_'):]))
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload)
+        elif self.path.startswith('/incompleteread'):
+            payload = b'<html></html>'
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', '234234')
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload)
+            self.finish()
+        elif self.path.startswith('/timeout_'):
+            time.sleep(int(self.path[len('/timeout_'):]))
+            self._headers()
+        elif self.path == '/source_address':
+            payload = str(self.client_address[0]).encode()
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'text/html; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload)
+            self.finish()
+        else:
+            self._status(404)
+
+    def send_header(self, keyword, value):
+        """
+        Forcibly allow HTTP server to send non percent-encoded non-ASCII characters in headers.
+        This is against what is defined in RFC 3986, however we need to test we support this
+        since some sites incorrectly do this.
+        """
+        if keyword.lower() == 'connection':
+            return super().send_header(keyword, value)
+
+        if not hasattr(self, '_headers_buffer'):
+            self._headers_buffer = []
+
+        self._headers_buffer.append(f'{keyword}: {value}\r\n'.encode())
+
+
+def validate_and_send(rh, req):
+    rh.validate(req)
+    return rh.send(req)
+
+
+class TestRequestHandlerBase:
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        cls.http_httpd = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            ('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
+        cls.http_port = http_server_port(cls.http_httpd)
+        cls.http_server_thread = threading.Thread(target=cls.http_httpd.serve_forever)
+        # FIXME: we should probably stop the http server thread after each test
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/7094#discussion_r1199746041
+        cls.http_server_thread.daemon = True
+        cls.http_server_thread.start()
+
+        # HTTPS server
+        certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
+        cls.https_httpd = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            ('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
+        cls.https_httpd.socket = sslctx.wrap_socket(cls.https_httpd.socket, server_side=True)
+        cls.https_port = http_server_port(cls.https_httpd)
+        cls.https_server_thread = threading.Thread(target=cls.https_httpd.serve_forever)
+        cls.https_server_thread.daemon = True
+        cls.https_server_thread.start()
+
+
+class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_verify_cert(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(CertificateVerifyError):
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{self.https_port}/headers'))
+
+        with handler(verify=False) as rh:
+            r = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{self.https_port}/headers'))
+            assert r.status == 200
+            r.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_ssl_error(self, handler):
+        # HTTPS server with too old TLS version
+        # XXX: is there a better way to test this than to create a new server?
+        https_httpd = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            ('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        https_httpd.socket = sslctx.wrap_socket(https_httpd.socket, server_side=True)
+        https_port = http_server_port(https_httpd)
+        https_server_thread = threading.Thread(target=https_httpd.serve_forever)
+        https_server_thread.daemon = True
+        https_server_thread.start()
+
+        with handler(verify=False) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(SSLError, match='sslv3 alert handshake failure') as exc_info:
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers'))
+            assert not issubclass(exc_info.type, CertificateVerifyError)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_percent_encode(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            # Unicode characters should be encoded with uppercase percent-encoding
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/中文.html'))
+            assert res.status == 200
+            res.close()
+            # don't normalize existing percent encodings
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/%c7%9f'))
+            assert res.status == 200
+            res.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_remove_dot_segments(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            # This isn't a comprehensive test,
+            # but it should be enough to check whether the handler is removing dot segments
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/a/b/./../../headers'))
+            assert res.status == 200
+            assert res.url == f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers'
+            res.close()
+
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/redirect_dotsegments'))
+            assert res.status == 200
+            assert res.url == f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers'
+            res.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_unicode_path_redirection(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            r = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/302-non-ascii-redirect'))
+            assert r.url == f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87.html'
+            r.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_raise_http_error(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            for bad_status in (400, 500, 599, 302):
+                with pytest.raises(HTTPError):
+                    validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/gen_%d' % (self.http_port, bad_status)))
+
+            # Should not raise an error
+            validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/gen_200' % self.http_port)).close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_response_url(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            # Response url should be that of the last url in redirect chain
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/redirect_301'))
+            assert res.url == f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/method'
+            res.close()
+            res2 = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/gen_200'))
+            assert res2.url == f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/gen_200'
+            res2.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_redirect(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            def do_req(redirect_status, method, assert_no_content=False):
+                data = b'testdata' if method in ('POST', 'PUT') else None
+                res = validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/redirect_{redirect_status}', method=method, data=data))
+
+                headers = b''
+                data_sent = b''
+                if data is not None:
+                    data_sent += res.read(len(data))
+                    if data_sent != data:
+                        headers += data_sent
+                        data_sent = b''
+
+                headers += res.read()
+
+                if assert_no_content or data is None:
+                    assert b'Content-Type' not in headers
+                    assert b'Content-Length' not in headers
+                else:
+                    assert b'Content-Type' in headers
+                    assert b'Content-Length' in headers
+
+                return data_sent.decode(), res.headers.get('method', '')
+
+            # A 303 must either use GET or HEAD for subsequent request
+            assert do_req(303, 'POST', True) == ('', 'GET')
+            assert do_req(303, 'HEAD') == ('', 'HEAD')
+
+            assert do_req(303, 'PUT', True) == ('', 'GET')
+
+            # 301 and 302 turn POST only into a GET
+            assert do_req(301, 'POST', True) == ('', 'GET')
+            assert do_req(301, 'HEAD') == ('', 'HEAD')
+            assert do_req(302, 'POST', True) == ('', 'GET')
+            assert do_req(302, 'HEAD') == ('', 'HEAD')
+
+            assert do_req(301, 'PUT') == ('testdata', 'PUT')
+            assert do_req(302, 'PUT') == ('testdata', 'PUT')
+
+            # 307 and 308 should not change method
+            for m in ('POST', 'PUT'):
+                assert do_req(307, m) == ('testdata', m)
+                assert do_req(308, m) == ('testdata', m)
+
+            assert do_req(307, 'HEAD') == ('', 'HEAD')
+            assert do_req(308, 'HEAD') == ('', 'HEAD')
+
+            # These should not redirect and instead raise an HTTPError
+            for code in (300, 304, 305, 306):
+                with pytest.raises(HTTPError):
+                    do_req(code, 'GET')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_request_cookie_header(self, handler):
+        # We should accept a Cookie header being passed as in normal headers and handle it appropriately.
+        with handler() as rh:
+            # Specified Cookie header should be used
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers',
+                    headers={'Cookie': 'test=test'})).read().decode()
+            assert 'Cookie: test=test' in res
+
+            # Specified Cookie header should be removed on any redirect
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/308-to-headers',
+                    headers={'Cookie': 'test=test'})).read().decode()
+            assert 'Cookie: test=test' not in res
+
+        # Specified Cookie header should override global cookiejar for that request
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(
+            version=0, name='test', value='ytdlp', port=None, port_specified=False,
+            domain='127.0.0.1', domain_specified=True, domain_initial_dot=False, path='/',
+            path_specified=True, secure=False, expires=None, discard=False, comment=None,
+            comment_url=None, rest={}))
+
+        with handler(cookiejar=cookiejar) as rh:
+            data = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', headers={'cookie': 'test=test'})).read()
+            assert b'Cookie: test=ytdlp' not in data
+            assert b'Cookie: test=test' in data
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_redirect_loop(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(HTTPError, match='redirect loop'):
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/redirect_loop'))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_incompleteread(self, handler):
+        with handler(timeout=2) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(IncompleteRead):
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/incompleteread' % self.http_port)).read()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_cookies(self, handler):
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        cookiejar.set_cookie(http.cookiejar.Cookie(
+            0, 'test', 'ytdlp', None, False, '127.0.0.1', True,
+            False, '/headers', True, False, None, False, None, None, {}))
+
+        with handler(cookiejar=cookiejar) as rh:
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers')).read()
+            assert b'Cookie: test=ytdlp' in data
+
+        # Per request
+        with handler() as rh:
+            data = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', extensions={'cookiejar': cookiejar})).read()
+            assert b'Cookie: test=ytdlp' in data
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_headers(self, handler):
+
+        with handler(headers=HTTPHeaderDict({'test1': 'test', 'test2': 'test2'})) as rh:
+            # Global Headers
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers')).read()
+            assert b'Test1: test' in data
+
+            # Per request headers, merged with global
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(
+                f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', headers={'test2': 'changed', 'test3': 'test3'})).read()
+            assert b'Test1: test' in data
+            assert b'Test2: changed' in data
+            assert b'Test2: test2' not in data
+            assert b'Test3: test3' in data
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_timeout(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            # Default timeout is 20 seconds, so this should go through
+            validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/timeout_3'))
+
+        with handler(timeout=0.5) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/timeout_1'))
+
+            # Per request timeout, should override handler timeout
+            validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/timeout_1', extensions={'timeout': 4}))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_source_address(self, handler):
+        source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
+        with handler(source_address=source_address) as rh:
+            data = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/source_address')).read().decode()
+            assert source_address == data
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_gzip_trailing_garbage(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://localhost:{self.http_port}/trailing_garbage')).read().decode()
+            assert data == '<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not brotli, reason='brotli support is not installed')
+    def test_brotli(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/content-encoding',
+                    headers={'ytdl-encoding': 'br'}))
+            assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'br'
+            assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_deflate(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/content-encoding',
+                    headers={'ytdl-encoding': 'deflate'}))
+            assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'deflate'
+            assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_gzip(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/content-encoding',
+                    headers={'ytdl-encoding': 'gzip'}))
+            assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'gzip'
+            assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_multiple_encodings(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            for pair in ('gzip,deflate', 'deflate, gzip', 'gzip, gzip', 'deflate, deflate'):
+                res = validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(
+                        f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/content-encoding',
+                        headers={'ytdl-encoding': pair}))
+                assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == pair
+                assert res.read() == b'<html><video src="/vid.mp4" /></html>'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_unsupported_encoding(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/content-encoding',
+                    headers={'ytdl-encoding': 'unsupported'}))
+            assert res.headers.get('Content-Encoding') == 'unsupported'
+            assert res.read() == b'raw'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_read(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers'))
+            assert res.readable()
+            assert res.read(1) == b'H'
+            assert res.read(3) == b'ost'
+
+
+class TestHTTPProxy(TestRequestHandlerBase):
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        super().setup_class()
+        # HTTP Proxy server
+        cls.proxy = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            ('127.0.0.1', 0), _build_proxy_handler('normal'))
+        cls.proxy_port = http_server_port(cls.proxy)
+        cls.proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=cls.proxy.serve_forever)
+        cls.proxy_thread.daemon = True
+        cls.proxy_thread.start()
+
+        # Geo proxy server
+        cls.geo_proxy = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            ('127.0.0.1', 0), _build_proxy_handler('geo'))
+        cls.geo_port = http_server_port(cls.geo_proxy)
+        cls.geo_proxy_thread = threading.Thread(target=cls.geo_proxy.serve_forever)
+        cls.geo_proxy_thread.daemon = True
+        cls.geo_proxy_thread.start()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_http_proxy(self, handler):
+        http_proxy = f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}'
+        geo_proxy = f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.geo_port}'
+
+        # Test global http proxy
+        # Test per request http proxy
+        # Test per request http proxy disables proxy
+        url = 'http://foo.com/bar'
+
+        # Global HTTP proxy
+        with handler(proxies={'http': http_proxy}) as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(url)).read().decode()
+            assert res == f'normal: {url}'
+
+            # Per request proxy overrides global
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(url, proxies={'http': geo_proxy})).read().decode()
+            assert res == f'geo: {url}'
+
+            # and setting to None disables all proxies for that request
+            real_url = f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers'
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(real_url, proxies={'http': None})).read().decode()
+            assert res != f'normal: {real_url}'
+            assert 'Accept' in res
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_noproxy(self, handler):
+        with handler(proxies={'proxy': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}'}) as rh:
+            # NO_PROXY
+            for no_proxy in (f'127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}', '127.0.0.1', 'localhost'):
+                nop_response = validate_and_send(
+                    rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'no': no_proxy})).read().decode(
+                    'utf-8')
+                assert 'Accept' in nop_response
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_allproxy(self, handler):
+        url = 'http://foo.com/bar'
+        with handler() as rh:
+            response = validate_and_send(rh, Request(url, proxies={'all': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}'})).read().decode(
+                'utf-8')
+            assert response == f'normal: {url}'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_http_proxy_with_idn(self, handler):
+        with handler(proxies={
+            'http': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.proxy_port}',
+        }) as rh:
+            url = 'http://中文.tw/'
+            response = rh.send(Request(url)).read().decode()
+            # b'xn--fiq228c' is '中文'.encode('idna')
+            assert response == 'normal: http://xn--fiq228c.tw/'
+
+
+class TestClientCertificate:
+
+    @classmethod
+    def setup_class(cls):
+        certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
+        cls.certdir = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testdata', 'certificate')
+        cacertfn = os.path.join(cls.certdir, 'ca.crt')
+        cls.httpd = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED
+        sslctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cacertfn)
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
+        cls.httpd.socket = sslctx.wrap_socket(cls.httpd.socket, server_side=True)
+        cls.port = http_server_port(cls.httpd)
+        cls.server_thread = threading.Thread(target=cls.httpd.serve_forever)
+        cls.server_thread.daemon = True
+        cls.server_thread.start()
+
+    def _run_test(self, handler, **handler_kwargs):
+        with handler(
+            # Disable client-side validation of unacceptable self-signed testcert.pem
+            # The test is of a check on the server side, so unaffected
+            verify=False,
+            **handler_kwargs,
+        ) as rh:
+            validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{self.port}/video.html')).read().decode()
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_certificate_combined_nopass(self, handler):
+        self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
+            'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientwithkey.crt'),
+        })
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_certificate_nocombined_nopass(self, handler):
+        self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
+            'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.crt'),
+            'client_certificate_key': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.key'),
+        })
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_certificate_combined_pass(self, handler):
+        self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
+            'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientwithencryptedkey.crt'),
+            'client_certificate_password': 'foobar',
+        })
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_certificate_nocombined_pass(self, handler):
+        self._run_test(handler, client_cert={
+            'client_certificate': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'client.crt'),
+            'client_certificate_key': os.path.join(self.certdir, 'clientencrypted.key'),
+            'client_certificate_password': 'foobar',
+        })
+
+
+class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
+    def test_file_urls(self, handler):
+        # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8227
+        tf = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False)
+        tf.write(b'foobar')
+        tf.close()
+        req = Request(pathlib.Path(tf.name).as_uri())
+        with handler() as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(UnsupportedRequest):
+                rh.validate(req)
+
+            # Test that urllib never loaded FileHandler
+            with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                rh.send(req)
+
+        with handler(enable_file_urls=True) as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, req)
+            assert res.read() == b'foobar'
+            res.close()
+
+        os.unlink(tf.name)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
+    def test_http_error_returns_content(self, handler):
+        # urllib HTTPError will try close the underlying response if reference to the HTTPError object is lost
+        def get_response():
+            with handler() as rh:
+                # headers url
+                try:
+                    validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/gen_404'))
+                except HTTPError as e:
+                    return e.response
+
+        assert get_response().read() == b'<html></html>'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
+    def test_verify_cert_error_text(self, handler):
+        # Check the output of the error message
+        with handler() as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(
+                CertificateVerifyError,
+                match=r'\[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\] certificate verify failed: self.signed certificate'
+            ):
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{self.https_port}/headers'))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('req,match,version_check', [
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1256
+        # bpo-39603: Check implemented in 3.7.9+, 3.8.5+
+        (
+            Request('http://127.0.0.1', method='GET\n'),
+            'method can\'t contain control characters',
+            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 9) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 5)
+        ),
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1265
+        # bpo-38576: Check implemented in 3.7.8+, 3.8.3+
+        (
+            Request('http://127.0.0. 1', method='GET'),
+            'URL can\'t contain control characters',
+            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 8) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 3)
+        ),
+        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1288C31-L1288C50
+        (Request('http://127.0.0.1', headers={'foo\n': 'bar'}), 'Invalid header name', None),
+    ])
+    def test_httplib_validation_errors(self, handler, req, match, version_check):
+        if version_check and version_check(sys.version_info):
+            pytest.skip(f'Python {sys.version} version does not have the required validation for this test.')
+
+        with handler() as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(RequestError, match=match) as exc_info:
+                validate_and_send(rh, req)
+            assert not isinstance(exc_info.value, TransportError)
+
+
+class TestRequestsRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('raised,expected', [
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout(), TransportError),
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout(), TransportError),
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.Timeout(), TransportError),
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.ConnectionError(), TransportError),
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.ProxyError(), ProxyError),
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.SSLError('12[CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED]34'), CertificateVerifyError),
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.SSLError(), SSLError),
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.InvalidURL(), RequestError),
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.InvalidHeader(), RequestError),
+        # catch-all: https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/main/src/requests/adapters.py#L535
+        (lambda: urllib3.exceptions.HTTPError(), TransportError),
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.RequestException(), RequestError)
+        #  (lambda: requests.exceptions.TooManyRedirects(), HTTPError) - Needs a response object
+    ])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_request_error_mapping(self, handler, monkeypatch, raised, expected):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            def mock_get_instance(*args, **kwargs):
+                class MockSession:
+                    def request(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                        raise raised()
+                return MockSession()
+
+            monkeypatch.setattr(rh, '_get_instance', mock_get_instance)
+
+            with pytest.raises(expected) as exc_info:
+                rh.send(Request('http://fake'))
+
+            assert exc_info.type is expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('raised,expected,match', [
+        (lambda: urllib3.exceptions.SSLError(), SSLError, None),
+        (lambda: urllib3.exceptions.TimeoutError(), TransportError, None),
+        (lambda: urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError(None, None, None), TransportError, None),
+        (lambda: urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError(), TransportError, None),
+        (lambda: urllib3.exceptions.DecodeError(), TransportError, None),
+        (lambda: urllib3.exceptions.HTTPError(), TransportError, None),  # catch-all
+        (
+            lambda: urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError('error', http.client.IncompleteRead(partial=b'abc', expected=4)),
+            IncompleteRead,
+            '3 bytes read, 4 more expected'
+        ),
+        (
+            lambda: urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError('error', urllib3.exceptions.IncompleteRead(partial=3, expected=5)),
+            IncompleteRead,
+            '3 bytes read, 5 more expected'
+        ),
+    ])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_response_error_mapping(self, handler, monkeypatch, raised, expected, match):
+        from urllib3.response import HTTPResponse as Urllib3Response
+        from requests.models import Response as RequestsResponse
+        from yt_dlp.networking._requests import RequestsResponseAdapter
+        requests_res = RequestsResponse()
+        requests_res.raw = Urllib3Response(body=b'', status=200)
+        res = RequestsResponseAdapter(requests_res)
+
+        def mock_read(*args, **kwargs):
+            raise raised()
+        monkeypatch.setattr(res.fp, 'read', mock_read)
+
+        with pytest.raises(expected, match=match) as exc_info:
+            res.read()
+
+        assert exc_info.type is expected
+
+
+def run_validation(handler, error, req, **handler_kwargs):
+    with handler(**handler_kwargs) as rh:
+        if error:
+            with pytest.raises(error):
+                rh.validate(req)
+        else:
+            rh.validate(req)
+
+
+class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
+
+    class ValidationRH(RequestHandler):
+        def _send(self, request):
+            raise RequestError('test')
+
+    class NoCheckRH(ValidationRH):
+        _SUPPORTED_FEATURES = None
+        _SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES = None
+        _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = None
+
+        def _check_extensions(self, extensions):
+            extensions.clear()
+
+    class HTTPSupportedRH(ValidationRH):
+        _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ('http',)
+
+    URL_SCHEME_TESTS = [
+        # scheme, expected to fail, handler kwargs
+        ('Urllib', [
+            ('http', False, {}),
+            ('https', False, {}),
+            ('data', False, {}),
+            ('ftp', False, {}),
+            ('file', UnsupportedRequest, {}),
+            ('file', False, {'enable_file_urls': True}),
+        ]),
+        ('Requests', [
+            ('http', False, {}),
+            ('https', False, {}),
+        ]),
+        (NoCheckRH, [('http', False, {})]),
+        (ValidationRH, [('http', UnsupportedRequest, {})])
+    ]
+
+    PROXY_SCHEME_TESTS = [
+        # scheme, expected to fail
+        ('Urllib', [
+            ('http', False),
+            ('https', UnsupportedRequest),
+            ('socks4', False),
+            ('socks4a', False),
+            ('socks5', False),
+            ('socks5h', False),
+            ('socks', UnsupportedRequest),
+        ]),
+        ('Requests', [
+            ('http', False),
+            ('https', False),
+            ('socks4', False),
+            ('socks4a', False),
+            ('socks5', False),
+            ('socks5h', False),
+        ]),
+        (NoCheckRH, [('http', False)]),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, [('http', UnsupportedRequest)]),
+    ]
+
+    PROXY_KEY_TESTS = [
+        # key, expected to fail
+        ('Urllib', [
+            ('all', False),
+            ('unrelated', False),
+        ]),
+        ('Requests', [
+            ('all', False),
+            ('unrelated', False),
+        ]),
+        (NoCheckRH, [('all', False)]),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, [('all', UnsupportedRequest)]),
+        (HTTPSupportedRH, [('no', UnsupportedRequest)]),
+    ]
+
+    EXTENSION_TESTS = [
+        ('Urllib', [
+            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}, False),
+            ({'cookiejar': CookieJar()}, AssertionError),
+            ({'timeout': 1}, False),
+            ({'timeout': 'notatimeout'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'unsupported': 'value'}, UnsupportedRequest),
+        ]),
+        ('Requests', [
+            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}, False),
+            ({'timeout': 1}, False),
+            ({'timeout': 'notatimeout'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'unsupported': 'value'}, UnsupportedRequest),
+        ]),
+        (NoCheckRH, [
+            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, False),
+            ({'somerandom': 'test'}, False),  # but any extension is allowed through
+        ]),
+    ]
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme,fail,handler_kwargs', [
+        (handler_tests[0], scheme, fail, handler_kwargs)
+        for handler_tests in URL_SCHEME_TESTS
+        for scheme, fail, handler_kwargs in handler_tests[1]
+
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_url_scheme(self, handler, scheme, fail, handler_kwargs):
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://'), **(handler_kwargs or {}))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,fail', [('Urllib', False), ('Requests', False)], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_no_proxy(self, handler, fail):
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://', proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'}))
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://'), proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'})
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,proxy_key,fail', [
+        (handler_tests[0], proxy_key, fail)
+        for handler_tests in PROXY_KEY_TESTS
+        for proxy_key, fail in handler_tests[1]
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_proxy_key(self, handler, proxy_key, fail):
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://', proxies={proxy_key: 'http://example.com'}))
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://'), proxies={proxy_key: 'http://example.com'})
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,scheme,fail', [
+        (handler_tests[0], scheme, fail)
+        for handler_tests in PROXY_SCHEME_TESTS
+        for scheme, fail in handler_tests[1]
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_proxy_scheme(self, handler, scheme, fail):
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://', proxies={'http': f'{scheme}://example.com'}))
+        run_validation(handler, fail, Request('http://'), proxies={'http': f'{scheme}://example.com'})
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', HTTPSupportedRH, 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_empty_proxy(self, handler):
+        run_validation(handler, False, Request('http://', proxies={'http': None}))
+        run_validation(handler, False, Request('http://'), proxies={'http': None})
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('proxy_url', ['//example.com', 'example.com', '127.0.0.1', '/a/b/c'])
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests'], indirect=True)
+    def test_invalid_proxy_url(self, handler, proxy_url):
+        run_validation(handler, UnsupportedRequest, Request('http://', proxies={'http': proxy_url}))
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,extensions,fail', [
+        (handler_tests[0], extensions, fail)
+        for handler_tests in EXTENSION_TESTS
+        for extensions, fail in handler_tests[1]
+    ], indirect=['handler'])
+    def test_extension(self, handler, extensions, fail):
+        run_validation(
+            handler, fail, Request('http://', extensions=extensions))
+
+    def test_invalid_request_type(self):
+        rh = self.ValidationRH(logger=FakeLogger())
+        for method in (rh.validate, rh.send):
+            with pytest.raises(TypeError, match='Expected an instance of Request'):
+                method('not a request')
+
+
+class FakeResponse(Response):
+    def __init__(self, request):
+        # XXX: we could make request part of standard response interface
+        self.request = request
+        super().__init__(fp=io.BytesIO(b''), headers={}, url=request.url)
+
+
+class FakeRH(RequestHandler):
+
+    def _validate(self, request):
+        return
+
+    def _send(self, request: Request):
+        if request.url.startswith('ssl://'):
+            raise SSLError(request.url[len('ssl://'):])
+        return FakeResponse(request)
+
+
+class FakeRHYDL(FakeYDL):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._request_director = self.build_request_director([FakeRH])
+
+
+class TestRequestDirector:
+
+    def test_handler_operations(self):
+        director = RequestDirector(logger=FakeLogger())
+        handler = FakeRH(logger=FakeLogger())
+        director.add_handler(handler)
+        assert director.handlers.get(FakeRH.RH_KEY) is handler
+
+        # Handler should overwrite
+        handler2 = FakeRH(logger=FakeLogger())
+        director.add_handler(handler2)
+        assert director.handlers.get(FakeRH.RH_KEY) is not handler
+        assert director.handlers.get(FakeRH.RH_KEY) is handler2
+        assert len(director.handlers) == 1
+
+        class AnotherFakeRH(FakeRH):
+            pass
+        director.add_handler(AnotherFakeRH(logger=FakeLogger()))
+        assert len(director.handlers) == 2
+        assert director.handlers.get(AnotherFakeRH.RH_KEY).RH_KEY == AnotherFakeRH.RH_KEY
+
+        director.handlers.pop(FakeRH.RH_KEY, None)
+        assert director.handlers.get(FakeRH.RH_KEY) is None
+        assert len(director.handlers) == 1
+
+        # RequestErrors should passthrough
+        with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+            director.send(Request('ssl://something'))
+
+    def test_send(self):
+        director = RequestDirector(logger=FakeLogger())
+        with pytest.raises(RequestError):
+            director.send(Request('any://'))
+        director.add_handler(FakeRH(logger=FakeLogger()))
+        assert isinstance(director.send(Request('http://')), FakeResponse)
+
+    def test_unsupported_handlers(self):
+        class SupportedRH(RequestHandler):
+            _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ['http']
+
+            def _send(self, request: Request):
+                return Response(fp=io.BytesIO(b'supported'), headers={}, url=request.url)
+
+        director = RequestDirector(logger=FakeLogger())
+        director.add_handler(SupportedRH(logger=FakeLogger()))
+        director.add_handler(FakeRH(logger=FakeLogger()))
+
+        # First should take preference
+        assert director.send(Request('http://')).read() == b'supported'
+        assert director.send(Request('any://')).read() == b''
+
+        director.handlers.pop(FakeRH.RH_KEY)
+        with pytest.raises(NoSupportingHandlers):
+            director.send(Request('any://'))
+
+    def test_unexpected_error(self):
+        director = RequestDirector(logger=FakeLogger())
+
+        class UnexpectedRH(FakeRH):
+            def _send(self, request: Request):
+                raise TypeError('something')
+
+        director.add_handler(UnexpectedRH(logger=FakeLogger))
+        with pytest.raises(NoSupportingHandlers, match=r'1 unexpected error'):
+            director.send(Request('any://'))
+
+        director.handlers.clear()
+        assert len(director.handlers) == 0
+
+        # Should not be fatal
+        director.add_handler(FakeRH(logger=FakeLogger()))
+        director.add_handler(UnexpectedRH(logger=FakeLogger))
+        assert director.send(Request('any://'))
+
+    def test_preference(self):
+        director = RequestDirector(logger=FakeLogger())
+        director.add_handler(FakeRH(logger=FakeLogger()))
+
+        class SomeRH(RequestHandler):
+            _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ['http']
+
+            def _send(self, request: Request):
+                return Response(fp=io.BytesIO(b'supported'), headers={}, url=request.url)
+
+        def some_preference(rh, request):
+            return (0 if not isinstance(rh, SomeRH)
+                    else 100 if 'prefer' in request.headers
+                    else -1)
+
+        director.add_handler(SomeRH(logger=FakeLogger()))
+        director.preferences.add(some_preference)
+
+        assert director.send(Request('http://')).read() == b''
+        assert director.send(Request('http://', headers={'prefer': '1'})).read() == b'supported'
+
+
+# XXX: do we want to move this to test_YoutubeDL.py?
+class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def build_handler(ydl, handler: RequestHandler = FakeRH):
+        return ydl.build_request_director([handler]).handlers.get(handler.RH_KEY)
+
+    def test_compat_opener(self):
+        with FakeYDL() as ydl:
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
+                assert isinstance(ydl._opener, urllib.request.OpenerDirector)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('proxy,expected', [
+        ('http://127.0.0.1:8080', {'all': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'}),
+        ('', {'all': '__noproxy__'}),
+        (None, {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081', 'https': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081'})  # env, set https
+    ])
+    def test_proxy(self, proxy, expected):
+        old_http_proxy = os.environ.get('HTTP_PROXY')
+        try:
+            os.environ['HTTP_PROXY'] = 'http://127.0.0.1:8081'  # ensure that provided proxies override env
+            with FakeYDL({'proxy': proxy}) as ydl:
+                assert ydl.proxies == expected
+        finally:
+            if old_http_proxy:
+                os.environ['HTTP_PROXY'] = old_http_proxy
+
+    def test_compat_request(self):
+        with FakeRHYDL() as ydl:
+            assert ydl.urlopen('test://')
+            urllib_req = urllib.request.Request('http://foo.bar', data=b'test', method='PUT', headers={'X-Test': '1'})
+            urllib_req.add_unredirected_header('Cookie', 'bob=bob')
+            urllib_req.timeout = 2
+            with warnings.catch_warnings():
+                warnings.simplefilter('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
+                req = ydl.urlopen(urllib_req).request
+                assert req.url == urllib_req.get_full_url()
+                assert req.data == urllib_req.data
+                assert req.method == urllib_req.get_method()
+                assert 'X-Test' in req.headers
+                assert 'Cookie' in req.headers
+                assert req.extensions.get('timeout') == 2
+
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                ydl.urlopen(None)
+
+    def test_extract_basic_auth(self):
+        with FakeRHYDL() as ydl:
+            res = ydl.urlopen(Request('http://user:pass@foo.bar'))
+            assert res.request.headers['Authorization'] == 'Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz'
+
+    def test_sanitize_url(self):
+        with FakeRHYDL() as ydl:
+            res = ydl.urlopen(Request('httpss://foo.bar'))
+            assert res.request.url == 'https://foo.bar'
+
+    def test_file_urls_error(self):
+        # use urllib handler
+        with FakeYDL() as ydl:
+            with pytest.raises(RequestError, match=r'file:// URLs are disabled by default'):
+                ydl.urlopen('file://')
+
+    def test_legacy_server_connect_error(self):
+        with FakeRHYDL() as ydl:
+            for error in ('UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION_DISABLED', 'SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE'):
+                with pytest.raises(RequestError, match=r'Try using --legacy-server-connect'):
+                    ydl.urlopen(f'ssl://{error}')
+
+            with pytest.raises(SSLError, match='testerror'):
+                ydl.urlopen('ssl://testerror')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('proxy_key,proxy_url,expected', [
+        ('http', '__noproxy__', None),
+        ('no', '127.0.0.1,foo.bar', '127.0.0.1,foo.bar'),
+        ('https', 'example.com', 'http://example.com'),
+        ('https', '//example.com', 'http://example.com'),
+        ('https', 'socks5://example.com', 'socks5h://example.com'),
+        ('http', 'socks://example.com', 'socks4://example.com'),
+        ('http', 'socks4://example.com', 'socks4://example.com'),
+        ('unrelated', '/bad/proxy', '/bad/proxy'),  # clean_proxies should ignore bad proxies
+    ])
+    def test_clean_proxy(self, proxy_key, proxy_url, expected):
+        # proxies should be cleaned in urlopen()
+        with FakeRHYDL() as ydl:
+            req = ydl.urlopen(Request('test://', proxies={proxy_key: proxy_url})).request
+            assert req.proxies[proxy_key] == expected
+
+        # and should also be cleaned when building the handler
+        env_key = f'{proxy_key.upper()}_PROXY'
+        old_env_proxy = os.environ.get(env_key)
+        try:
+            os.environ[env_key] = proxy_url  # ensure that provided proxies override env
+            with FakeYDL() as ydl:
+                rh = self.build_handler(ydl)
+                assert rh.proxies[proxy_key] == expected
+        finally:
+            if old_env_proxy:
+                os.environ[env_key] = old_env_proxy
+
+    def test_clean_proxy_header(self):
+        with FakeRHYDL() as ydl:
+            req = ydl.urlopen(Request('test://', headers={'ytdl-request-proxy': '//foo.bar'})).request
+            assert 'ytdl-request-proxy' not in req.headers
+            assert req.proxies == {'all': 'http://foo.bar'}
+
+        with FakeYDL({'http_headers': {'ytdl-request-proxy': '//foo.bar'}}) as ydl:
+            rh = self.build_handler(ydl)
+            assert 'ytdl-request-proxy' not in rh.headers
+            assert rh.proxies == {'all': 'http://foo.bar'}
+
+    def test_clean_header(self):
+        with FakeRHYDL() as ydl:
+            res = ydl.urlopen(Request('test://', headers={'Youtubedl-no-compression': True}))
+            assert 'Youtubedl-no-compression' not in res.request.headers
+            assert res.request.headers.get('Accept-Encoding') == 'identity'
+
+        with FakeYDL({'http_headers': {'Youtubedl-no-compression': True}}) as ydl:
+            rh = self.build_handler(ydl)
+            assert 'Youtubedl-no-compression' not in rh.headers
+            assert rh.headers.get('Accept-Encoding') == 'identity'
+
+    def test_build_handler_params(self):
+        with FakeYDL({
+            'http_headers': {'test': 'testtest'},
+            'socket_timeout': 2,
+            'proxy': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080',
+            'source_address': '127.0.0.45',
+            'debug_printtraffic': True,
+            'compat_opts': ['no-certifi'],
+            'nocheckcertificate': True,
+            'legacyserverconnect': True,
+        }) as ydl:
+            rh = self.build_handler(ydl)
+            assert rh.headers.get('test') == 'testtest'
+            assert 'Accept' in rh.headers  # ensure std_headers are still there
+            assert rh.timeout == 2
+            assert rh.proxies.get('all') == 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'
+            assert rh.source_address == '127.0.0.45'
+            assert rh.verbose is True
+            assert rh.prefer_system_certs is True
+            assert rh.verify is False
+            assert rh.legacy_ssl_support is True
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('ydl_params', [
+        {'client_certificate': 'fakecert.crt'},
+        {'client_certificate': 'fakecert.crt', 'client_certificate_key': 'fakekey.key'},
+        {'client_certificate': 'fakecert.crt', 'client_certificate_key': 'fakekey.key', 'client_certificate_password': 'foobar'},
+        {'client_certificate_key': 'fakekey.key', 'client_certificate_password': 'foobar'},
+    ])
+    def test_client_certificate(self, ydl_params):
+        with FakeYDL(ydl_params) as ydl:
+            rh = self.build_handler(ydl)
+            assert rh._client_cert == ydl_params  # XXX: Too bound to implementation
+
+    def test_urllib_file_urls(self):
+        with FakeYDL({'enable_file_urls': False}) as ydl:
+            rh = self.build_handler(ydl, UrllibRH)
+            assert rh.enable_file_urls is False
+
+        with FakeYDL({'enable_file_urls': True}) as ydl:
+            rh = self.build_handler(ydl, UrllibRH)
+            assert rh.enable_file_urls is True
+
+    def test_compat_opt_prefer_urllib(self):
+        # This assumes urllib only has a preference when this compat opt is given
+        with FakeYDL({'compat_opts': ['prefer-legacy-http-handler']}) as ydl:
+            director = ydl.build_request_director([UrllibRH])
+            assert len(director.preferences) == 1
+            assert director.preferences.pop()(UrllibRH, None)
+
+
+class TestRequest:
+
+    def test_query(self):
+        req = Request('http://example.com?q=something', query={'v': 'xyz'})
+        assert req.url == 'http://example.com?q=something&v=xyz'
+
+        req.update(query={'v': '123'})
+        assert req.url == 'http://example.com?q=something&v=123'
+        req.update(url='http://example.com', query={'v': 'xyz'})
+        assert req.url == 'http://example.com?v=xyz'
+
+    def test_method(self):
+        req = Request('http://example.com')
+        assert req.method == 'GET'
+        req.data = b'test'
+        assert req.method == 'POST'
+        req.data = None
+        assert req.method == 'GET'
+        req.data = b'test2'
+        req.method = 'PUT'
+        assert req.method == 'PUT'
+        req.data = None
+        assert req.method == 'PUT'
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            req.method = 1
+
+    def test_request_helpers(self):
+        assert HEADRequest('http://example.com').method == 'HEAD'
+        assert PUTRequest('http://example.com').method == 'PUT'
+
+    def test_headers(self):
+        req = Request('http://example.com', headers={'tesT': 'test'})
+        assert req.headers == HTTPHeaderDict({'test': 'test'})
+        req.update(headers={'teSt2': 'test2'})
+        assert req.headers == HTTPHeaderDict({'test': 'test', 'test2': 'test2'})
+
+        req.headers = new_headers = HTTPHeaderDict({'test': 'test'})
+        assert req.headers == HTTPHeaderDict({'test': 'test'})
+        assert req.headers is new_headers
+
+        # test converts dict to case insensitive dict
+        req.headers = new_headers = {'test2': 'test2'}
+        assert isinstance(req.headers, HTTPHeaderDict)
+        assert req.headers is not new_headers
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            req.headers = None
+
+    def test_data_type(self):
+        req = Request('http://example.com')
+        assert req.data is None
+        # test bytes is allowed
+        req.data = b'test'
+        assert req.data == b'test'
+        # test iterable of bytes is allowed
+        i = [b'test', b'test2']
+        req.data = i
+        assert req.data == i
+
+        # test file-like object is allowed
+        f = io.BytesIO(b'test')
+        req.data = f
+        assert req.data == f
+
+        # common mistake: test str not allowed
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            req.data = 'test'
+        assert req.data != 'test'
+
+        # common mistake: test dict is not allowed
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            req.data = {'test': 'test'}
+        assert req.data != {'test': 'test'}
+
+    def test_content_length_header(self):
+        req = Request('http://example.com', headers={'Content-Length': '0'}, data=b'')
+        assert req.headers.get('Content-Length') == '0'
+
+        req.data = b'test'
+        assert 'Content-Length' not in req.headers
+
+        req = Request('http://example.com', headers={'Content-Length': '10'})
+        assert 'Content-Length' not in req.headers
+
+    def test_content_type_header(self):
+        req = Request('http://example.com', headers={'Content-Type': 'test'}, data=b'test')
+        assert req.headers.get('Content-Type') == 'test'
+        req.data = b'test2'
+        assert req.headers.get('Content-Type') == 'test'
+        req.data = None
+        assert 'Content-Type' not in req.headers
+        req.data = b'test3'
+        assert req.headers.get('Content-Type') == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+
+    def test_update_req(self):
+        req = Request('http://example.com')
+        assert req.data is None
+        assert req.method == 'GET'
+        assert 'Content-Type' not in req.headers
+        # Test that zero-byte payloads will be sent
+        req.update(data=b'')
+        assert req.data == b''
+        assert req.method == 'POST'
+        assert req.headers.get('Content-Type') == 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+
+    def test_proxies(self):
+        req = Request(url='http://example.com', proxies={'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'})
+        assert req.proxies == {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'}
+
+    def test_extensions(self):
+        req = Request(url='http://example.com', extensions={'timeout': 2})
+        assert req.extensions == {'timeout': 2}
+
+    def test_copy(self):
+        req = Request(
+            url='http://example.com',
+            extensions={'cookiejar': CookieJar()},
+            headers={'Accept-Encoding': 'br'},
+            proxies={'http': 'http://127.0.0.1'},
+            data=[b'123']
+        )
+        req_copy = req.copy()
+        assert req_copy is not req
+        assert req_copy.url == req.url
+        assert req_copy.headers == req.headers
+        assert req_copy.headers is not req.headers
+        assert req_copy.proxies == req.proxies
+        assert req_copy.proxies is not req.proxies
+
+        # Data is not able to be copied
+        assert req_copy.data == req.data
+        assert req_copy.data is req.data
+
+        # Shallow copy extensions
+        assert req_copy.extensions is not req.extensions
+        assert req_copy.extensions['cookiejar'] == req.extensions['cookiejar']
+
+        # Subclasses are copied by default
+        class AnotherRequest(Request):
+            pass
+
+        req = AnotherRequest(url='http://127.0.0.1')
+        assert isinstance(req.copy(), AnotherRequest)
+
+    def test_url(self):
+        req = Request(url='https://фtest.example.com/ some spaceв?ä=c',)
+        assert req.url == 'https://xn--test-z6d.example.com/%20some%20space%D0%B2?%C3%A4=c'
+
+        assert Request(url='//example.com').url == 'http://example.com'
+
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            Request(url='https://').url = None
+
+
+class TestResponse:
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('reason,status,expected', [
+        ('custom', 200, 'custom'),
+        (None, 404, 'Not Found'),  # fallback status
+        ('', 403, 'Forbidden'),
+        (None, 999, None)
+    ])
+    def test_reason(self, reason, status, expected):
+        res = Response(io.BytesIO(b''), url='test://', headers={}, status=status, reason=reason)
+        assert res.reason == expected
+
+    def test_headers(self):
+        headers = Message()
+        headers.add_header('Test', 'test')
+        headers.add_header('Test', 'test2')
+        headers.add_header('content-encoding', 'br')
+        res = Response(io.BytesIO(b''), headers=headers, url='test://')
+        assert res.headers.get_all('test') == ['test', 'test2']
+        assert 'Content-Encoding' in res.headers
+
+    def test_get_header(self):
+        headers = Message()
+        headers.add_header('Set-Cookie', 'cookie1')
+        headers.add_header('Set-cookie', 'cookie2')
+        headers.add_header('Test', 'test')
+        headers.add_header('Test', 'test2')
+        res = Response(io.BytesIO(b''), headers=headers, url='test://')
+        assert res.get_header('test') == 'test, test2'
+        assert res.get_header('set-Cookie') == 'cookie1'
+        assert res.get_header('notexist', 'default') == 'default'
+
+    def test_compat(self):
+        res = Response(io.BytesIO(b''), url='test://', status=404, headers={'test': 'test'})
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore', category=DeprecationWarning)
+            assert res.code == res.getcode() == res.status
+            assert res.geturl() == res.url
+            assert res.info() is res.headers
+            assert res.getheader('test') == res.get_header('test')
diff --git a/test/test_networking_utils.py b/test/test_networking_utils.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..419aae1e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_networking_utils.py
@@ -0,0 +1,282 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Allow direct execution
+import os
+import sys
+
+import pytest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+import contextlib
+import io
+import platform
+import random
+import ssl
+import urllib.error
+import warnings
+
+from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
+from yt_dlp.dependencies import certifi
+from yt_dlp.networking import Response
+from yt_dlp.networking._helper import (
+    InstanceStoreMixin,
+    add_accept_encoding_header,
+    get_redirect_method,
+    make_socks_proxy_opts,
+    select_proxy,
+    ssl_load_certs,
+)
+from yt_dlp.networking.exceptions import (
+    HTTPError,
+    IncompleteRead,
+    _CompatHTTPError,
+)
+from yt_dlp.socks import ProxyType
+from yt_dlp.utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
+
+TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
+
+
+class TestNetworkingUtils:
+
+    def test_select_proxy(self):
+        proxies = {
+            'all': 'socks5://example.com',
+            'http': 'http://example.com:1080',
+            'no': 'bypass.example.com,yt-dl.org'
+        }
+
+        assert select_proxy('https://example.com', proxies) == proxies['all']
+        assert select_proxy('http://example.com', proxies) == proxies['http']
+        assert select_proxy('http://bypass.example.com', proxies) is None
+        assert select_proxy('https://yt-dl.org', proxies) is None
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('socks_proxy,expected', [
+        ('socks5h://example.com', {
+            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+            'addr': 'example.com',
+            'port': 1080,
+            'rdns': True,
+            'username': None,
+            'password': None
+        }),
+        ('socks5://user:@example.com:5555', {
+            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS5,
+            'addr': 'example.com',
+            'port': 5555,
+            'rdns': False,
+            'username': 'user',
+            'password': ''
+        }),
+        ('socks4://u%40ser:pa%20ss@127.0.0.1:1080', {
+            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS4,
+            'addr': '127.0.0.1',
+            'port': 1080,
+            'rdns': False,
+            'username': 'u@ser',
+            'password': 'pa ss'
+        }),
+        ('socks4a://:pa%20ss@127.0.0.1', {
+            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS4A,
+            'addr': '127.0.0.1',
+            'port': 1080,
+            'rdns': True,
+            'username': '',
+            'password': 'pa ss'
+        })
+    ])
+    def test_make_socks_proxy_opts(self, socks_proxy, expected):
+        assert make_socks_proxy_opts(socks_proxy) == expected
+
+    def test_make_socks_proxy_unknown(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='Unknown SOCKS proxy version: socks'):
+            make_socks_proxy_opts('socks://127.0.0.1')
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(not certifi, reason='certifi is not installed')
+    def test_load_certifi(self):
+        context_certifi = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+        context_certifi.load_verify_locations(cafile=certifi.where())
+        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+        ssl_load_certs(context, use_certifi=True)
+        assert context.get_ca_certs() == context_certifi.get_ca_certs()
+
+        context_default = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+        context_default.load_default_certs()
+        context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+        ssl_load_certs(context, use_certifi=False)
+        assert context.get_ca_certs() == context_default.get_ca_certs()
+
+        if context_default.get_ca_certs() == context_certifi.get_ca_certs():
+            pytest.skip('System uses certifi as default. The test is not valid')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('method,status,expected', [
+        ('GET', 303, 'GET'),
+        ('HEAD', 303, 'HEAD'),
+        ('PUT', 303, 'GET'),
+        ('POST', 301, 'GET'),
+        ('HEAD', 301, 'HEAD'),
+        ('POST', 302, 'GET'),
+        ('HEAD', 302, 'HEAD'),
+        ('PUT', 302, 'PUT'),
+        ('POST', 308, 'POST'),
+        ('POST', 307, 'POST'),
+        ('HEAD', 308, 'HEAD'),
+        ('HEAD', 307, 'HEAD'),
+    ])
+    def test_get_redirect_method(self, method, status, expected):
+        assert get_redirect_method(method, status) == expected
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('headers,supported_encodings,expected', [
+        ({'Accept-Encoding': 'br'}, ['gzip', 'br'], {'Accept-Encoding': 'br'}),
+        ({}, ['gzip', 'br'], {'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, br'}),
+        ({'Content-type': 'application/json'}, [], {'Content-type': 'application/json', 'Accept-Encoding': 'identity'}),
+    ])
+    def test_add_accept_encoding_header(self, headers, supported_encodings, expected):
+        headers = HTTPHeaderDict(headers)
+        add_accept_encoding_header(headers, supported_encodings)
+        assert headers == HTTPHeaderDict(expected)
+
+
+class TestInstanceStoreMixin:
+
+    class FakeInstanceStoreMixin(InstanceStoreMixin):
+        def _create_instance(self, **kwargs):
+            return random.randint(0, 1000000)
+
+        def _close_instance(self, instance):
+            pass
+
+    def test_mixin(self):
+        mixin = self.FakeInstanceStoreMixin()
+        assert mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': {'d', 4}}) == mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': {'d', 4}})
+
+        assert mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': {'e', 4}}) != mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': {'d', 4}})
+
+        assert mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': {'d', 4}} != mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'g': {'d', 4}}))
+
+        assert mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1}, e=[1, 2, 3]) == mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1}, e=[1, 2, 3])
+
+        assert mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1}, e=[1, 2, 3]) != mixin._get_instance(d={'a': 1}, e=[1, 2, 3, 4])
+
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        assert mixin._get_instance(b=[1, 2], c=cookiejar) == mixin._get_instance(b=[1, 2], c=cookiejar)
+
+        assert mixin._get_instance(b=[1, 2], c=cookiejar) != mixin._get_instance(b=[1, 2], c=YoutubeDLCookieJar())
+
+        # Different order
+        assert mixin._get_instance(c=cookiejar, b=[1, 2]) == mixin._get_instance(b=[1, 2], c=cookiejar)
+
+        m = mixin._get_instance(t=1234)
+        assert mixin._get_instance(t=1234) == m
+        mixin._clear_instances()
+        assert mixin._get_instance(t=1234) != m
+
+
+class TestNetworkingExceptions:
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def create_response(status):
+        return Response(fp=io.BytesIO(b'test'), url='http://example.com', headers={'tesT': 'test'}, status=status)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('http_error_class', [HTTPError, lambda r: _CompatHTTPError(HTTPError(r))])
+    def test_http_error(self, http_error_class):
+
+        response = self.create_response(403)
+        error = http_error_class(response)
+
+        assert error.status == 403
+        assert str(error) == error.msg == 'HTTP Error 403: Forbidden'
+        assert error.reason == response.reason
+        assert error.response is response
+
+        data = error.response.read()
+        assert data == b'test'
+        assert repr(error) == '<HTTPError 403: Forbidden>'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('http_error_class', [HTTPError, lambda *args, **kwargs: _CompatHTTPError(HTTPError(*args, **kwargs))])
+    def test_redirect_http_error(self, http_error_class):
+        response = self.create_response(301)
+        error = http_error_class(response, redirect_loop=True)
+        assert str(error) == error.msg == 'HTTP Error 301: Moved Permanently (redirect loop detected)'
+        assert error.reason == 'Moved Permanently'
+
+    def test_compat_http_error(self):
+        response = self.create_response(403)
+        error = _CompatHTTPError(HTTPError(response))
+        assert isinstance(error, HTTPError)
+        assert isinstance(error, urllib.error.HTTPError)
+
+        @contextlib.contextmanager
+        def raises_deprecation_warning():
+            with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
+                warnings.simplefilter('always')
+                yield
+
+                if len(w) == 0:
+                    pytest.fail('Did not raise DeprecationWarning')
+                if len(w) > 1:
+                    pytest.fail(f'Raised multiple warnings: {w}')
+
+                if not issubclass(w[-1].category, DeprecationWarning):
+                    pytest.fail(f'Expected DeprecationWarning, got {w[-1].category}')
+                w.clear()
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert error.code == 403
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert error.getcode() == 403
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert error.hdrs is error.response.headers
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert error.info() is error.response.headers
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert error.headers is error.response.headers
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert error.filename == error.response.url
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert error.url == error.response.url
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert error.geturl() == error.response.url
+
+        # Passthrough file operations
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert error.read() == b'test'
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            assert not error.closed
+
+        with raises_deprecation_warning():
+            # Technically Response operations are also passed through, which should not be used.
+            assert error.get_header('test') == 'test'
+
+        # Should not raise a warning
+        error.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skipif(
+        platform.python_implementation() == 'PyPy', reason='garbage collector works differently in pypy')
+    def test_compat_http_error_autoclose(self):
+        # Compat HTTPError should not autoclose response
+        response = self.create_response(403)
+        _CompatHTTPError(HTTPError(response))
+        assert not response.closed
+
+    def test_incomplete_read_error(self):
+        error = IncompleteRead(4, 3, cause='test')
+        assert isinstance(error, IncompleteRead)
+        assert repr(error) == '<IncompleteRead: 4 bytes read, 3 more expected>'
+        assert str(error) == error.msg == '4 bytes read, 3 more expected'
+        assert error.partial == 4
+        assert error.expected == 3
+        assert error.cause == 'test'
+
+        error = IncompleteRead(3)
+        assert repr(error) == '<IncompleteRead: 3 bytes read>'
+        assert str(error) == '3 bytes read'
diff --git a/test/test_socks.py b/test/test_socks.py
index 6651290d2..d8ac88dad 100644
--- a/test/test_socks.py
+++ b/test/test_socks.py
@@ -1,113 +1,450 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
 import sys
+import threading
 import unittest
 
+import pytest
+
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
-
+import abc
+import contextlib
+import enum
+import functools
+import http.server
+import json
 import random
-import subprocess
-import urllib.request
+import socket
+import struct
+import time
+from socketserver import (
+    BaseRequestHandler,
+    StreamRequestHandler,
+    ThreadingTCPServer,
+)
 
-from test.helper import FakeYDL, get_params, is_download_test
+from test.helper import http_server_port
+from yt_dlp.networking import Request
+from yt_dlp.networking.exceptions import ProxyError, TransportError
+from yt_dlp.socks import (
+    SOCKS4_REPLY_VERSION,
+    SOCKS4_VERSION,
+    SOCKS5_USER_AUTH_SUCCESS,
+    SOCKS5_USER_AUTH_VERSION,
+    SOCKS5_VERSION,
+    Socks5AddressType,
+    Socks5Auth,
+)
+
+SOCKS5_USER_AUTH_FAILURE = 0x1
 
 
-@is_download_test
-class TestMultipleSocks(unittest.TestCase):
-    @staticmethod
-    def _check_params(attrs):
-        params = get_params()
-        for attr in attrs:
-            if attr not in params:
-                print('Missing %s. Skipping.' % attr)
+class Socks4CD(enum.IntEnum):
+    REQUEST_GRANTED = 90
+    REQUEST_REJECTED_OR_FAILED = 91
+    REQUEST_REJECTED_CANNOT_CONNECT_TO_IDENTD = 92
+    REQUEST_REJECTED_DIFFERENT_USERID = 93
+
+
+class Socks5Reply(enum.IntEnum):
+    SUCCEEDED = 0x0
+    GENERAL_FAILURE = 0x1
+    CONNECTION_NOT_ALLOWED = 0x2
+    NETWORK_UNREACHABLE = 0x3
+    HOST_UNREACHABLE = 0x4
+    CONNECTION_REFUSED = 0x5
+    TTL_EXPIRED = 0x6
+    COMMAND_NOT_SUPPORTED = 0x7
+    ADDRESS_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED = 0x8
+
+
+class SocksTestRequestHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, socks_info=None, **kwargs):
+        self.socks_info = socks_info
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class SocksProxyHandler(BaseRequestHandler):
+    def __init__(self, request_handler_class, socks_server_kwargs, *args, **kwargs):
+        self.socks_kwargs = socks_server_kwargs or {}
+        self.request_handler_class = request_handler_class
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class Socks5ProxyHandler(StreamRequestHandler, SocksProxyHandler):
+
+    # SOCKS5 protocol https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1928
+    # SOCKS5 username/password authentication https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1929
+
+    def handle(self):
+        sleep = self.socks_kwargs.get('sleep')
+        if sleep:
+            time.sleep(sleep)
+        version, nmethods = self.connection.recv(2)
+        assert version == SOCKS5_VERSION
+        methods = list(self.connection.recv(nmethods))
+
+        auth = self.socks_kwargs.get('auth')
+
+        if auth is not None and Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS not in methods:
+            self.connection.sendall(struct.pack('!BB', SOCKS5_VERSION, Socks5Auth.AUTH_NO_ACCEPTABLE))
+            self.server.close_request(self.request)
+            return
+
+        elif Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS in methods:
+            self.connection.sendall(struct.pack("!BB", SOCKS5_VERSION, Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS))
+
+            _, user_len = struct.unpack('!BB', self.connection.recv(2))
+            username = self.connection.recv(user_len).decode()
+            pass_len = ord(self.connection.recv(1))
+            password = self.connection.recv(pass_len).decode()
+
+            if username == auth[0] and password == auth[1]:
+                self.connection.sendall(struct.pack('!BB', SOCKS5_USER_AUTH_VERSION, SOCKS5_USER_AUTH_SUCCESS))
+            else:
+                self.connection.sendall(struct.pack('!BB', SOCKS5_USER_AUTH_VERSION, SOCKS5_USER_AUTH_FAILURE))
+                self.server.close_request(self.request)
                 return
-        return params
 
-    def test_proxy_http(self):
-        params = self._check_params(['primary_proxy', 'primary_server_ip'])
-        if params is None:
-            return
-        ydl = FakeYDL({
-            'proxy': params['primary_proxy']
-        })
-        self.assertEqual(
-            ydl.urlopen('http://yt-dl.org/ip').read().decode(),
-            params['primary_server_ip'])
-
-    def test_proxy_https(self):
-        params = self._check_params(['primary_proxy', 'primary_server_ip'])
-        if params is None:
-            return
-        ydl = FakeYDL({
-            'proxy': params['primary_proxy']
-        })
-        self.assertEqual(
-            ydl.urlopen('https://yt-dl.org/ip').read().decode(),
-            params['primary_server_ip'])
-
-    def test_secondary_proxy_http(self):
-        params = self._check_params(['secondary_proxy', 'secondary_server_ip'])
-        if params is None:
-            return
-        ydl = FakeYDL()
-        req = urllib.request.Request('http://yt-dl.org/ip')
-        req.add_header('Ytdl-request-proxy', params['secondary_proxy'])
-        self.assertEqual(
-            ydl.urlopen(req).read().decode(),
-            params['secondary_server_ip'])
-
-    def test_secondary_proxy_https(self):
-        params = self._check_params(['secondary_proxy', 'secondary_server_ip'])
-        if params is None:
-            return
-        ydl = FakeYDL()
-        req = urllib.request.Request('https://yt-dl.org/ip')
-        req.add_header('Ytdl-request-proxy', params['secondary_proxy'])
-        self.assertEqual(
-            ydl.urlopen(req).read().decode(),
-            params['secondary_server_ip'])
-
-
-@is_download_test
-class TestSocks(unittest.TestCase):
-    _SKIP_SOCKS_TEST = True
-
-    def setUp(self):
-        if self._SKIP_SOCKS_TEST:
+        elif Socks5Auth.AUTH_NONE in methods:
+            self.connection.sendall(struct.pack('!BB', SOCKS5_VERSION, Socks5Auth.AUTH_NONE))
+        else:
+            self.connection.sendall(struct.pack('!BB', SOCKS5_VERSION, Socks5Auth.AUTH_NO_ACCEPTABLE))
+            self.server.close_request(self.request)
             return
 
-        self.port = random.randint(20000, 30000)
-        self.server_process = subprocess.Popen([
-            'srelay', '-f', '-i', '127.0.0.1:%d' % self.port],
-            stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+        version, command, _, address_type = struct.unpack('!BBBB', self.connection.recv(4))
+        socks_info = {
+            'version': version,
+            'auth_methods': methods,
+            'command': command,
+            'client_address': self.client_address,
+            'ipv4_address': None,
+            'domain_address': None,
+            'ipv6_address': None,
+        }
+        if address_type == Socks5AddressType.ATYP_IPV4:
+            socks_info['ipv4_address'] = socket.inet_ntoa(self.connection.recv(4))
+        elif address_type == Socks5AddressType.ATYP_DOMAINNAME:
+            socks_info['domain_address'] = self.connection.recv(ord(self.connection.recv(1))).decode()
+        elif address_type == Socks5AddressType.ATYP_IPV6:
+            socks_info['ipv6_address'] = socket.inet_ntop(socket.AF_INET6, self.connection.recv(16))
+        else:
+            self.server.close_request(self.request)
 
-    def tearDown(self):
-        if self._SKIP_SOCKS_TEST:
+        socks_info['port'] = struct.unpack('!H', self.connection.recv(2))[0]
+
+        # dummy response, the returned IP is just a placeholder
+        self.connection.sendall(struct.pack(
+            '!BBBBIH', SOCKS5_VERSION, self.socks_kwargs.get('reply', Socks5Reply.SUCCEEDED), 0x0, 0x1, 0x7f000001, 40000))
+
+        self.request_handler_class(self.request, self.client_address, self.server, socks_info=socks_info)
+
+
+class Socks4ProxyHandler(StreamRequestHandler, SocksProxyHandler):
+
+    # SOCKS4 protocol http://www.openssh.com/txt/socks4.protocol
+    # SOCKS4A protocol http://www.openssh.com/txt/socks4a.protocol
+
+    def _read_until_null(self):
+        return b''.join(iter(functools.partial(self.connection.recv, 1), b'\x00'))
+
+    def handle(self):
+        sleep = self.socks_kwargs.get('sleep')
+        if sleep:
+            time.sleep(sleep)
+        socks_info = {
+            'version': SOCKS4_VERSION,
+            'command': None,
+            'client_address': self.client_address,
+            'ipv4_address': None,
+            'port': None,
+            'domain_address': None,
+        }
+        version, command, dest_port, dest_ip = struct.unpack('!BBHI', self.connection.recv(8))
+        socks_info['port'] = dest_port
+        socks_info['command'] = command
+        if version != SOCKS4_VERSION:
+            self.server.close_request(self.request)
+            return
+        use_remote_dns = False
+        if 0x0 < dest_ip <= 0xFF:
+            use_remote_dns = True
+        else:
+            socks_info['ipv4_address'] = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("!I", dest_ip))
+
+        user_id = self._read_until_null().decode()
+        if user_id != (self.socks_kwargs.get('user_id') or ''):
+            self.connection.sendall(struct.pack(
+                '!BBHI', SOCKS4_REPLY_VERSION, Socks4CD.REQUEST_REJECTED_DIFFERENT_USERID, 0x00, 0x00000000))
+            self.server.close_request(self.request)
             return
 
-        self.server_process.terminate()
-        self.server_process.communicate()
+        if use_remote_dns:
+            socks_info['domain_address'] = self._read_until_null().decode()
 
-    def _get_ip(self, protocol):
-        if self._SKIP_SOCKS_TEST:
-            return '127.0.0.1'
+        # dummy response, the returned IP is just a placeholder
+        self.connection.sendall(
+            struct.pack(
+                '!BBHI', SOCKS4_REPLY_VERSION,
+                self.socks_kwargs.get('cd_reply', Socks4CD.REQUEST_GRANTED), 40000, 0x7f000001))
 
-        ydl = FakeYDL({
-            'proxy': '%s://127.0.0.1:%d' % (protocol, self.port),
-        })
-        return ydl.urlopen('http://yt-dl.org/ip').read().decode()
+        self.request_handler_class(self.request, self.client_address, self.server, socks_info=socks_info)
 
-    def test_socks4(self):
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(self._get_ip('socks4'), str))
 
-    def test_socks4a(self):
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(self._get_ip('socks4a'), str))
+class IPv6ThreadingTCPServer(ThreadingTCPServer):
+    address_family = socket.AF_INET6
 
-    def test_socks5(self):
-        self.assertTrue(isinstance(self._get_ip('socks5'), str))
+
+class SocksHTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler, SocksTestRequestHandler):
+    def do_GET(self):
+        if self.path == '/socks_info':
+            payload = json.dumps(self.socks_info.copy())
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=utf-8')
+            self.send_header('Content-Length', str(len(payload)))
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.wfile.write(payload.encode())
+
+
+@contextlib.contextmanager
+def socks_server(socks_server_class, request_handler, bind_ip=None, **socks_server_kwargs):
+    server = server_thread = None
+    try:
+        bind_address = bind_ip or '127.0.0.1'
+        server_type = ThreadingTCPServer if '.' in bind_address else IPv6ThreadingTCPServer
+        server = server_type(
+            (bind_address, 0), functools.partial(socks_server_class, request_handler, socks_server_kwargs))
+        server_port = http_server_port(server)
+        server_thread = threading.Thread(target=server.serve_forever)
+        server_thread.daemon = True
+        server_thread.start()
+        if '.' not in bind_address:
+            yield f'[{bind_address}]:{server_port}'
+        else:
+            yield f'{bind_address}:{server_port}'
+    finally:
+        server.shutdown()
+        server.server_close()
+        server_thread.join(2.0)
+
+
+class SocksProxyTestContext(abc.ABC):
+    REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS = None
+
+    def socks_server(self, server_class, *args, **kwargs):
+        return socks_server(server_class, self.REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def socks_info_request(self, handler, target_domain=None, target_port=None, **req_kwargs) -> dict:
+        """return a dict of socks_info"""
+
+
+class HTTPSocksTestProxyContext(SocksProxyTestContext):
+    REQUEST_HANDLER_CLASS = SocksHTTPTestRequestHandler
+
+    def socks_info_request(self, handler, target_domain=None, target_port=None, **req_kwargs):
+        request = Request(f'http://{target_domain or "127.0.0.1"}:{target_port or "40000"}/socks_info', **req_kwargs)
+        handler.validate(request)
+        return json.loads(handler.send(request).read().decode())
+
+
+CTX_MAP = {
+    'http': HTTPSocksTestProxyContext,
+}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(scope='module')
+def ctx(request):
+    return CTX_MAP[request.param]()
+
+
+class TestSocks4Proxy:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks4_no_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            with ctx.socks_server(Socks4ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(
+                    rh, proxies={'all': f'socks4://{server_address}'})
+                assert response['version'] == 4
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks4_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            with ctx.socks_server(Socks4ProxyHandler, user_id='user') as server_address:
+                with pytest.raises(ProxyError):
+                    ctx.socks_info_request(rh, proxies={'all': f'socks4://{server_address}'})
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(
+                    rh, proxies={'all': f'socks4://user:@{server_address}'})
+                assert response['version'] == 4
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks4a_ipv4_target(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks4ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks4a://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh, target_domain='127.0.0.1')
+                assert response['version'] == 4
+                assert (response['ipv4_address'] == '127.0.0.1') != (response['domain_address'] == '127.0.0.1')
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks4a_domain_target(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks4ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks4a://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh, target_domain='localhost')
+                assert response['version'] == 4
+                assert response['ipv4_address'] is None
+                assert response['domain_address'] == 'localhost'
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_ipv4_client_source_address(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks4ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks4://{server_address}'},
+                         source_address=source_address) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh)
+                assert response['client_address'][0] == source_address
+                assert response['version'] == 4
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('reply_code', [
+        Socks4CD.REQUEST_REJECTED_OR_FAILED,
+        Socks4CD.REQUEST_REJECTED_CANNOT_CONNECT_TO_IDENTD,
+        Socks4CD.REQUEST_REJECTED_DIFFERENT_USERID,
+    ])
+    def test_socks4_errors(self, handler, ctx, reply_code):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks4ProxyHandler, cd_reply=reply_code) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks4://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                with pytest.raises(ProxyError):
+                    ctx.socks_info_request(rh)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_ipv6_socks4_proxy(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks4ProxyHandler, bind_ip='::1') as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks4://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh, target_domain='127.0.0.1')
+                assert response['client_address'][0] == '::1'
+                assert response['ipv4_address'] == '127.0.0.1'
+                assert response['version'] == 4
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_timeout(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks4ProxyHandler, sleep=2) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks4://{server_address}'}, timeout=0.5) as rh:
+                with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                    ctx.socks_info_request(rh)
+
+
+class TestSocks5Proxy:
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks5_no_auth(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh)
+                assert response['auth_methods'] == [0x0]
+                assert response['version'] == 5
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks5_user_pass(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler, auth=('test', 'testpass')) as server_address:
+            with handler() as rh:
+                with pytest.raises(ProxyError):
+                    ctx.socks_info_request(rh, proxies={'all': f'socks5://{server_address}'})
+
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(
+                    rh, proxies={'all': f'socks5://test:testpass@{server_address}'})
+
+                assert response['auth_methods'] == [Socks5Auth.AUTH_NONE, Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS]
+                assert response['version'] == 5
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks5_ipv4_target(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh, target_domain='127.0.0.1')
+                assert response['ipv4_address'] == '127.0.0.1'
+                assert response['version'] == 5
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks5_domain_target(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh, target_domain='localhost')
+                assert (response['ipv4_address'] == '127.0.0.1') != (response['ipv6_address'] == '::1')
+                assert response['version'] == 5
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks5h_domain_target(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5h://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh, target_domain='localhost')
+                assert response['ipv4_address'] is None
+                assert response['domain_address'] == 'localhost'
+                assert response['version'] == 5
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks5h_ip_target(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5h://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh, target_domain='127.0.0.1')
+                assert response['ipv4_address'] == '127.0.0.1'
+                assert response['domain_address'] is None
+                assert response['version'] == 5
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_socks5_ipv6_destination(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh, target_domain='[::1]')
+                assert response['ipv6_address'] == '::1'
+                assert response['version'] == 5
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_ipv6_socks5_proxy(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler, bind_ip='::1') as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh, target_domain='127.0.0.1')
+                assert response['client_address'][0] == '::1'
+                assert response['ipv4_address'] == '127.0.0.1'
+                assert response['version'] == 5
+
+    # XXX: is there any feasible way of testing IPv6 source addresses?
+    # Same would go for non-proxy source_address test...
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_ipv4_client_source_address(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler) as server_address:
+            source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5://{server_address}'}, source_address=source_address) as rh:
+                response = ctx.socks_info_request(rh)
+                assert response['client_address'][0] == source_address
+                assert response['version'] == 5
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http'), ('Requests', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('reply_code', [
+        Socks5Reply.GENERAL_FAILURE,
+        Socks5Reply.CONNECTION_NOT_ALLOWED,
+        Socks5Reply.NETWORK_UNREACHABLE,
+        Socks5Reply.HOST_UNREACHABLE,
+        Socks5Reply.CONNECTION_REFUSED,
+        Socks5Reply.TTL_EXPIRED,
+        Socks5Reply.COMMAND_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+        Socks5Reply.ADDRESS_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED,
+    ])
+    def test_socks5_errors(self, handler, ctx, reply_code):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler, reply=reply_code) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5://{server_address}'}) as rh:
+                with pytest.raises(ProxyError):
+                    ctx.socks_info_request(rh)
+
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,ctx', [('Urllib', 'http')], indirect=True)
+    def test_timeout(self, handler, ctx):
+        with ctx.socks_server(Socks5ProxyHandler, sleep=2) as server_address:
+            with handler(proxies={'all': f'socks5://{server_address}'}, timeout=1) as rh:
+                with pytest.raises(TransportError):
+                    ctx.socks_info_request(rh)
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/test/test_update.py b/test/test_update.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..134424a31
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/test_update.py
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+# Allow direct execution
+import os
+import sys
+import unittest
+
+sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
+
+
+from test.helper import FakeYDL, report_warning
+from yt_dlp.update import Updater, UpdateInfo
+
+TEST_API_DATA = {
+    'yt-dlp/yt-dlp/latest': {
+        'tag_name': '2023.12.31',
+        'target_commitish': 'bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb',
+        'name': 'yt-dlp 2023.12.31',
+        'body': 'BODY',
+    },
+    'yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/latest': {
+        'tag_name': '2023.12.31.123456',
+        'target_commitish': 'master',
+        'name': 'yt-dlp nightly 2023.12.31.123456',
+        'body': 'Generated from: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc',
+    },
+    'yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds/latest': {
+        'tag_name': '2023.12.31.987654',
+        'target_commitish': 'master',
+        'name': 'yt-dlp master 2023.12.31.987654',
+        'body': 'Generated from: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd',
+    },
+    'yt-dlp/yt-dlp/tags/testing': {
+        'tag_name': 'testing',
+        'target_commitish': '9999999999999999999999999999999999999999',
+        'name': 'testing',
+        'body': 'BODY',
+    },
+    'fork/yt-dlp/latest': {
+        'tag_name': '2050.12.31',
+        'target_commitish': 'eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee',
+        'name': '2050.12.31',
+        'body': 'BODY',
+    },
+    'fork/yt-dlp/tags/pr0000': {
+        'tag_name': 'pr0000',
+        'target_commitish': 'ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff',
+        'name': 'pr1234 2023.11.11.000000',
+        'body': 'BODY',
+    },
+    'fork/yt-dlp/tags/pr1234': {
+        'tag_name': 'pr1234',
+        'target_commitish': '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
+        'name': 'pr1234 2023.12.31.555555',
+        'body': 'BODY',
+    },
+    'fork/yt-dlp/tags/pr9999': {
+        'tag_name': 'pr9999',
+        'target_commitish': '1111111111111111111111111111111111111111',
+        'name': 'pr9999',
+        'body': 'BODY',
+    },
+    'fork/yt-dlp-satellite/tags/pr987': {
+        'tag_name': 'pr987',
+        'target_commitish': 'master',
+        'name': 'pr987',
+        'body': 'Generated from: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2222222222222222222222222222222222222222',
+    },
+}
+
+TEST_LOCKFILE_V1 = '''# This file is used for regulating self-update
+lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3.6
+lock 2023.11.13 .+ Python 3.7
+'''
+
+TEST_LOCKFILE_V2 = '''# This file is used for regulating self-update
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3.6
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.13 .+ Python 3.7
+'''
+
+TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2 = '''# This file is used for regulating self-update
+lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3.6
+lock 2023.11.13 .+ Python 3.7
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3.6
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.13 .+ Python 3.7
+lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr0000 .+ Python 3.6
+lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr1234 .+ Python 3.7
+lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr9999 .+ Python 3.11
+'''
+
+
+class FakeUpdater(Updater):
+    current_version = '2022.01.01'
+    current_commit = 'aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa'
+
+    _channel = 'stable'
+    _origin = 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp'
+
+    def _download_update_spec(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2
+
+    def _call_api(self, tag):
+        tag = f'tags/{tag}' if tag != 'latest' else tag
+        return TEST_API_DATA[f'{self.requested_repo}/{tag}']
+
+    def _report_error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
+        report_warning(msg)
+
+
+class TestUpdate(unittest.TestCase):
+    maxDiff = None
+
+    def test_update_spec(self):
+        ydl = FakeYDL()
+        updater = FakeUpdater(ydl, 'stable@latest')
+
+        def test(lockfile, identifier, input_tag, expect_tag, exact=False, repo='yt-dlp/yt-dlp'):
+            updater._identifier = identifier
+            updater._exact = exact
+            updater.requested_repo = repo
+            result = updater._process_update_spec(lockfile, input_tag)
+            self.assertEqual(
+                result, expect_tag,
+                f'{identifier!r} requesting {repo}@{input_tag} (exact={exact}) '
+                f'returned {result!r} instead of {expect_tag!r}')
+
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, 'zip Python 3.11.0', '2023.11.13', '2023.11.13')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, 'zip stable Python 3.11.0', '2023.11.13', '2023.11.13', exact=True)
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, 'zip Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.13', '2022.08.18.36')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, 'zip stable Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.13', None, exact=True)
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, 'zip Python 3.7.0', '2023.11.13', '2023.11.13')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.11.13', '2023.11.13')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', '2023.11.13')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', '2023.11.13')
+
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V2, 'zip Python 3.11.1', '2023.11.13', '2023.11.13')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V2, 'zip stable Python 3.11.1', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V2, 'zip Python 3.6.1', '2023.11.13', '2022.08.18.36')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V2, 'zip stable Python 3.7.2', '2023.11.13', '2023.11.13')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V2, 'zip Python 3.7.2', '2023.12.31', '2023.11.13')
+
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip Python 3.11.2', '2023.11.13', '2023.11.13')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip stable Python 3.11.2', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip Python 3.6.2', '2023.11.13', '2022.08.18.36')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip stable Python 3.7.3', '2023.11.13', '2023.11.13')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip Python 3.7.3', '2023.12.31', '2023.11.13')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip Python 3.6.3', 'pr0000', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip stable Python 3.7.4', 'pr0000', 'pr0000', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip Python 3.6.4', 'pr0000', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip Python 3.7.4', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip stable Python 3.8.1', 'pr1234', 'pr1234', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip Python 3.7.5', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip Python 3.11.3', 'pr9999', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip stable Python 3.12.0', 'pr9999', 'pr9999', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_V1_V2, 'zip Python 3.11.4', 'pr9999', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+
+    def test_query_update(self):
+        ydl = FakeYDL()
+
+        def test(target, expected, current_version=None, current_commit=None, identifier=None):
+            updater = FakeUpdater(ydl, target)
+            if current_version:
+                updater.current_version = current_version
+            if current_commit:
+                updater.current_commit = current_commit
+            updater._identifier = identifier or 'zip'
+            update_info = updater.query_update(_output=True)
+            self.assertDictEqual(
+                update_info.__dict__ if update_info else {}, expected.__dict__ if expected else {})
+
+        test('yt-dlp/yt-dlp@latest', UpdateInfo(
+            '2023.12.31', version='2023.12.31', requested_version='2023.12.31', commit='b' * 40))
+        test('yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds@latest', UpdateInfo(
+            '2023.12.31.123456', version='2023.12.31.123456', requested_version='2023.12.31.123456', commit='c' * 40))
+        test('yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds@latest', UpdateInfo(
+            '2023.12.31.987654', version='2023.12.31.987654', requested_version='2023.12.31.987654', commit='d' * 40))
+        test('fork/yt-dlp@latest', UpdateInfo(
+            '2050.12.31', version='2050.12.31', requested_version='2050.12.31', commit='e' * 40))
+        test('fork/yt-dlp@pr0000', UpdateInfo(
+            'pr0000', version='2023.11.11.000000', requested_version='2023.11.11.000000', commit='f' * 40))
+        test('fork/yt-dlp@pr1234', UpdateInfo(
+            'pr1234', version='2023.12.31.555555', requested_version='2023.12.31.555555', commit='0' * 40))
+        test('fork/yt-dlp@pr9999', UpdateInfo(
+            'pr9999', version=None, requested_version=None, commit='1' * 40))
+        test('fork/yt-dlp-satellite@pr987', UpdateInfo(
+            'pr987', version=None, requested_version=None, commit='2' * 40))
+        test('yt-dlp/yt-dlp', None, current_version='2024.01.01')
+        test('stable', UpdateInfo(
+            '2023.12.31', version='2023.12.31', requested_version='2023.12.31', commit='b' * 40))
+        test('nightly', UpdateInfo(
+            '2023.12.31.123456', version='2023.12.31.123456', requested_version='2023.12.31.123456', commit='c' * 40))
+        test('master', UpdateInfo(
+            '2023.12.31.987654', version='2023.12.31.987654', requested_version='2023.12.31.987654', commit='d' * 40))
+        test('testing', None, current_commit='9' * 40)
+        test('testing', UpdateInfo('testing', commit='9' * 40))
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_update.py.disabled b/test/test_update.py.disabled
deleted file mode 100644
index 85ac86692..000000000
--- a/test/test_update.py.disabled
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-# Allow direct execution
-import os
-import sys
-import unittest
-
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-
-
-import json
-
-from yt_dlp.update import rsa_verify
-
-
-class TestUpdate(unittest.TestCase):
-    def test_rsa_verify(self):
-        UPDATES_RSA_KEY = (0x9d60ee4d8f805312fdb15a62f87b95bd66177b91df176765d13514a0f1754bcd2057295c5b6f1d35daa6742c3ffc9a82d3e118861c207995a8031e151d863c9927e304576bc80692bc8e094896fcf11b66f3e29e04e3a71e9a11558558acea1840aec37fc396fb6b65dc81a1c4144e03bd1c011de62e3f1357b327d08426fe93, 65537)
-        with open(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'versions.json'), 'rb') as f:
-            versions_info = f.read().decode()
-        versions_info = json.loads(versions_info)
-        signature = versions_info['signature']
-        del versions_info['signature']
-        self.assertTrue(rsa_verify(
-            json.dumps(versions_info, sort_keys=True).encode(),
-            signature, UPDATES_RSA_KEY))
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_utils.py b/test/test_utils.py
index 3045b6d7e..77040f29c 100644
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 import re
 import sys
 import unittest
+import warnings
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 import io
 import itertools
 import json
+import subprocess
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from yt_dlp.compat import (
@@ -27,6 +29,7 @@
     InAdvancePagedList,
     LazyList,
     OnDemandPagedList,
+    Popen,
     age_restricted,
     args_to_str,
     base_url,
@@ -46,10 +49,9 @@
     encode_base_n,
     encode_compat_str,
     encodeFilename,
-    escape_rfc3986,
-    escape_url,
     expand_path,
     extract_attributes,
+    extract_basic_auth,
     find_xpath_attr,
     fix_xml_ampersands,
     float_or_none,
@@ -102,7 +104,6 @@
     sanitize_filename,
     sanitize_path,
     sanitize_url,
-    sanitized_Request,
     shell_quote,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
@@ -112,6 +113,7 @@
     subtitles_filename,
     timeconvert,
     traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -123,12 +125,19 @@
     urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
     urshift,
+    variadic,
     version_tuple,
     xpath_attr,
     xpath_element,
     xpath_text,
     xpath_with_ns,
 )
+from yt_dlp.utils.networking import (
+    HTTPHeaderDict,
+    escape_rfc3986,
+    normalize_url,
+    remove_dot_segments,
+)
 
 
 class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
@@ -255,15 +264,6 @@ def test_sanitize_url(self):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('https://foo.bar'), 'https://foo.bar')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('foo bar'), 'foo bar')
 
-    def test_extract_basic_auth(self):
-        auth_header = lambda url: sanitized_Request(url).get_header('Authorization')
-        self.assertFalse(auth_header('http://foo.bar'))
-        self.assertFalse(auth_header('http://:foo.bar'))
-        self.assertEqual(auth_header('http://@foo.bar'), 'Basic Og==')
-        self.assertEqual(auth_header('http://:pass@foo.bar'), 'Basic OnBhc3M=')
-        self.assertEqual(auth_header('http://user:@foo.bar'), 'Basic dXNlcjo=')
-        self.assertEqual(auth_header('http://user:pass@foo.bar'), 'Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz')
-
     def test_expand_path(self):
         def env(var):
             return f'%{var}%' if sys.platform == 'win32' else f'${var}'
@@ -660,6 +660,8 @@ def test_parse_duration(self):
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('P0Y0M0DT0H4M20.880S'), 260.88)
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('01:02:03:050'), 3723.05)
         self.assertEqual(parse_duration('103:050'), 103.05)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('1HR 3MIN'), 3780)
+        self.assertEqual(parse_duration('2hrs 3mins'), 7380)
 
     def test_fix_xml_ampersands(self):
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -936,24 +938,45 @@ def test_escape_rfc3986(self):
         self.assertEqual(escape_rfc3986('foo bar'), 'foo%20bar')
         self.assertEqual(escape_rfc3986('foo%20bar'), 'foo%20bar')
 
-    def test_escape_url(self):
+    def test_normalize_url(self):
         self.assertEqual(
-            escape_url('http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavré_FD.mp4'),
+            normalize_url('http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavré_FD.mp4'),
             'http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavre%CC%81_FD.mp4'
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            escape_url('http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erklärt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290'),
+            normalize_url('http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erklärt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290'),
             'http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erkl%C3%A4rt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290'
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            escape_url('http://тест.рф/фрагмент'),
+            normalize_url('http://тест.рф/фрагмент'),
             'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82'
         )
         self.assertEqual(
-            escape_url('http://тест.рф/абв?абв=абв#абв'),
+            normalize_url('http://тест.рф/абв?абв=абв#абв'),
             'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2?%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2=%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2#%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2'
         )
-        self.assertEqual(escape_url('http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0'), 'http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0')
+        self.assertEqual(normalize_url('http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0'), 'http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0')
+
+        self.assertEqual(normalize_url('http://www.example.com/../a/b/../c/./d.html'), 'http://www.example.com/a/c/d.html')
+
+    def test_remove_dot_segments(self):
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/a/b/c/./../../g'), '/a/g')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('mid/content=5/../6'), 'mid/6')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/ad/../cd'), '/cd')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/ad/../cd/'), '/cd/')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/..'), '/')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/./'), '/')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/./a'), '/a')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/abc/./.././d/././e/.././f/./../../ghi'), '/ghi')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/'), '/')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/t'), '/t')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('t'), 't')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments(''), '')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('/../a/b/c'), '/a/b/c')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('../a'), 'a')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('./a'), 'a')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('.'), '')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_dot_segments('////'), '////')
 
     def test_js_to_json_vars_strings(self):
         self.assertDictEqual(
@@ -1186,10 +1209,28 @@ def test_js_to_json_edgecases(self):
         on = js_to_json('\'"\\""\'')
         self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), '"""', msg='Unnecessary quote escape should be escaped')
 
+        on = js_to_json('[new Date("spam"), \'("eggs")\']')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), ['spam', '("eggs")'], msg='Date regex should match a single string')
+
     def test_js_to_json_malformed(self):
         self.assertEqual(js_to_json('42a1'), '42"a1"')
         self.assertEqual(js_to_json('42a-1'), '42"a"-1')
 
+    def test_js_to_json_template_literal(self):
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`Hello ${name}`', {'name': '"world"'}), '"Hello world"')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`${name}${name}`', {'name': '"X"'}), '"XX"')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`${name}${name}`', {'name': '5'}), '"55"')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`${name}"${name}"`', {'name': '5'}), '"5\\"5\\""')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`${name}`', {}), '"name"')
+
+    def test_js_to_json_common_constructors(self):
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Map([["a", 5]])')), {'a': 5})
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('Array(5, 10)')), [5, 10])
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Array(15,5)')), [15, 5])
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Map([Array(5, 10),new Array(15,5)])')), {'5': 10, '15': 5})
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date("123")')), "123")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date(\'2023-10-19\')')), "2023-10-19")
+
     def test_extract_attributes(self):
         self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="y">'), {'x': 'y'})
         self.assertEqual(extract_attributes("<e x='y'>"), {'x': 'y'})
@@ -1825,6 +1866,8 @@ def test_iri_to_uri(self):
     def test_clean_podcast_url(self):
         self.assertEqual(clean_podcast_url('https://www.podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/chtbl.com/track/5899E/traffic.megaphone.fm/HSW7835899191.mp3'), 'https://traffic.megaphone.fm/HSW7835899191.mp3')
         self.assertEqual(clean_podcast_url('https://play.podtrac.com/npr-344098539/edge1.pod.npr.org/anon.npr-podcasts/podcast/npr/waitwait/2020/10/20201003_waitwait_wwdtmpodcast201003-015621a5-f035-4eca-a9a1-7c118d90bc3c.mp3'), 'https://edge1.pod.npr.org/anon.npr-podcasts/podcast/npr/waitwait/2020/10/20201003_waitwait_wwdtmpodcast201003-015621a5-f035-4eca-a9a1-7c118d90bc3c.mp3')
+        self.assertEqual(clean_podcast_url('https://pdst.fm/e/2.gum.fm/chtbl.com/track/chrt.fm/track/34D33/pscrb.fm/rss/p/traffic.megaphone.fm/ITLLC7765286967.mp3?updated=1687282661'), 'https://traffic.megaphone.fm/ITLLC7765286967.mp3?updated=1687282661')
+        self.assertEqual(clean_podcast_url('https://pdst.fm/e/https://mgln.ai/e/441/www.buzzsprout.com/1121972/13019085-ep-252-the-deep-life-stack.mp3'), 'https://www.buzzsprout.com/1121972/13019085-ep-252-the-deep-life-stack.mp3')
 
     def test_LazyList(self):
         it = list(range(10))
@@ -1967,6 +2010,35 @@ def test_get_compatible_ext(self):
         self.assertEqual(get_compatible_ext(
             vcodecs=['av1'], acodecs=['mp4a'], vexts=['webm'], aexts=['m4a'], preferences=('webm', 'mkv')), 'mkv')
 
+    def test_try_call(self):
+        def total(*x, **kwargs):
+            return sum(x) + sum(kwargs.values())
+
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(None), None,
+                         msg='not a fn should give None')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1), 1,
+                         msg='int fn with no expected_type should give int')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1, expected_type=int), 1,
+                         msg='int fn with expected_type int should give int')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1, expected_type=dict), None,
+                         msg='int fn with wrong expected_type should give None')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, args=(0, 1, 0, ), expected_type=int), 1,
+                         msg='fn should accept arglist')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, kwargs={'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 0}, expected_type=int), 1,
+                         msg='fn should accept kwargs')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1, expected_type=dict), None,
+                         msg='int fn with no expected_type should give None')
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda x: {}, total, args=(42, ), expected_type=int), 42,
+                         msg='expect first int result with expected_type int')
+
+    def test_variadic(self):
+        self.assertEqual(variadic(None), (None, ))
+        self.assertEqual(variadic('spam'), ('spam', ))
+        self.assertEqual(variadic('spam', allowed_types=dict), 'spam')
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter('ignore')
+            self.assertEqual(variadic('spam', allowed_types=[dict]), 'spam')
+
     def test_traverse_obj(self):
         _TEST_DATA = {
             100: 100,
@@ -2009,6 +2081,8 @@ def test_traverse_obj(self):
                          msg='nested `...` queries should work')
         self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., ..., 'index')), range(4),
                               msg='`...` query result should be flattened')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(iter(range(4)), ...), list(range(4)),
+                         msg='`...` should accept iterables')
 
         # Test function as key
         self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda x, y: x == 'urls' and isinstance(y, list)),
@@ -2016,6 +2090,8 @@ def test_traverse_obj(self):
                          msg='function as query key should perform a filter based on (key, value)')
         self.assertCountEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda _, x: isinstance(x[0], str)), {'str'},
                               msg='exceptions in the query function should be catched')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(iter(range(4)), lambda _, x: x % 2 == 0), [0, 2],
+                         msg='function key should accept iterables')
         if __debug__:
             with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Wrong function signature should raise in debug'):
                 traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, lambda a: ...)
@@ -2040,6 +2116,17 @@ def test_traverse_obj(self):
             with self.assertRaises(Exception, msg='Sets with length != 1 should raise in debug'):
                 traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, {str.upper, str})
 
+        # Test `slice` as a key
+        _SLICE_DATA = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ('dict', slice(1))), None,
+                         msg='slice on a dictionary should not throw')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1)), _SLICE_DATA[:1],
+                         msg='slice key should apply slice to sequence')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1, 2)), _SLICE_DATA[1:2],
+                         msg='slice key should apply slice to sequence')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_SLICE_DATA, slice(1, 4, 2)), _SLICE_DATA[1:4:2],
+                         msg='slice key should apply slice to sequence')
+
         # Test alternative paths
         self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'fail', 'str'), 'str',
                          msg='multiple `paths` should be treated as alternative paths')
@@ -2223,6 +2310,12 @@ def test_traverse_obj(self):
         self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', (0, 2)),
                                       traverse_string=True), ['s', 'r'],
                          msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, (0, ...), traverse_string=True), [],
+                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, (0, lambda x, y: True), traverse_string=True), [],
+                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
+        self.assertEqual(traverse_obj({}, (0, slice(1)), traverse_string=True), [],
+                         msg='branching should result in list if `traverse_string`')
 
         # Test is_user_input behavior
         _IS_USER_INPUT_DATA = {'range8': list(range(8))}
@@ -2262,6 +2355,61 @@ def test_traverse_obj(self):
         self.assertEqual(traverse_obj(mobj, lambda k, _: k in (0, 'group')), ['0123', '3'],
                          msg='function on a `re.Match` should give group name as well')
 
+    def test_http_header_dict(self):
+        headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
+        headers['ytdl-test'] = b'0'
+        self.assertEqual(list(headers.items()), [('Ytdl-Test', '0')])
+        headers['ytdl-test'] = 1
+        self.assertEqual(list(headers.items()), [('Ytdl-Test', '1')])
+        headers['Ytdl-test'] = '2'
+        self.assertEqual(list(headers.items()), [('Ytdl-Test', '2')])
+        self.assertTrue('ytDl-Test' in headers)
+        self.assertEqual(str(headers), str(dict(headers)))
+        self.assertEqual(repr(headers), str(dict(headers)))
+
+        headers.update({'X-dlp': 'data'})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', '2'), ('X-Dlp', 'data')})
+        self.assertEqual(dict(headers), {'Ytdl-Test': '2', 'X-Dlp': 'data'})
+        self.assertEqual(len(headers), 2)
+        self.assertEqual(headers.copy(), headers)
+        headers2 = HTTPHeaderDict({'X-dlp': 'data3'}, **headers, **{'X-dlp': 'data2'})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers2.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', '2'), ('X-Dlp', 'data2')})
+        self.assertEqual(len(headers2), 2)
+        headers2.clear()
+        self.assertEqual(len(headers2), 0)
+
+        # ensure we prefer latter headers
+        headers3 = HTTPHeaderDict({'Ytdl-TeSt': 1}, {'Ytdl-test': 2})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers3.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', '2')})
+        del headers3['ytdl-tesT']
+        self.assertEqual(dict(headers3), {})
+
+        headers4 = HTTPHeaderDict({'ytdl-test': 'data;'})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers4.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', 'data;')})
+
+    def test_extract_basic_auth(self):
+        assert extract_basic_auth('http://:foo.bar') == ('http://:foo.bar', None)
+        assert extract_basic_auth('http://foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', None)
+        assert extract_basic_auth('http://@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic Og==')
+        assert extract_basic_auth('http://:pass@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic OnBhc3M=')
+        assert extract_basic_auth('http://user:@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic dXNlcjo=')
+        assert extract_basic_auth('http://user:pass@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz')
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(compat_os_name == 'nt', 'Only relevant on Windows')
+    def test_Popen_windows_escaping(self):
+        def run_shell(args):
+            stdout, stderr, error = Popen.run(
+                args, text=True, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
+            assert not stderr
+            assert not error
+            return stdout
+
+        # Test escaping
+        assert run_shell(['echo', 'test"&']) == '"test""&"\n'
+        # Test if delayed expansion is disabled
+        assert run_shell(['echo', '^!']) == '"^!"\n'
+        assert run_shell('echo "^!"') == '"^!"\n'
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_youtube_signature.py b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
index 336e80291..c5592845b 100644
--- a/test/test_youtube_signature.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
@@ -62,7 +62,12 @@
         'https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vflKjOTVq/html5player.js',
         '312AA52209E3623129A412D56A40F11CB0AF14AE.3EE09501CB14E3BCDC3B2AE808BF3F1D14E7FBF12',
         '112AA5220913623229A412D56A40F11CB0AF14AE.3EE0950FCB14EEBCDC3B2AE808BF331D14E7FBF3',
-    )
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/6ed0d907/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'AOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8j7v1pDL2QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0',
+    ),
 ]
 
 _NSIG_TESTS = [
@@ -142,6 +147,22 @@
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/dac945fd/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
         'o8BkRxXhuYsBCWi6RplPdP', '3Lx32v_hmzTm6A',
     ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/6f20102c/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'lE8DhoDmKqnmJJ', 'pJTTX6XyJP2BYw',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/cfa9e7cb/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'aCi3iElgd2kq0bxVbQ', 'QX1y8jGb2IbZ0w',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/8c7583ff/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '1wWCVpRR96eAmMI87L', 'KSkWAVv1ZQxC3A',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/b7910ca8/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '_hXMCwMt9qE310D', 'LoZMgkkofRMCZQ',
+    ),
 ]
 
 
@@ -218,7 +239,7 @@ def n_sig(jscode, sig_input):
 
 
 make_sig_test = t_factory(
-    'signature', signature, re.compile(r'.*-(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/watch_as3|/html5player)?\.[a-z]+$'))
+    'signature', signature, re.compile(r'.*(?:-|/player/)(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/.+\.js|(?:/watch_as3|/html5player)?\.[a-z]+)$'))
 for test_spec in _SIG_TESTS:
     make_sig_test(*test_spec)
 
diff --git a/test/versions.json b/test/versions.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 6cccc2259..000000000
--- a/test/versions.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,34 +0,0 @@
-{
-    "latest": "2013.01.06", 
-    "signature": "72158cdba391628569ffdbea259afbcf279bbe3d8aeb7492690735dc1cfa6afa754f55c61196f3871d429599ab22f2667f1fec98865527b32632e7f4b3675a7ef0f0fbe084d359256ae4bba68f0d33854e531a70754712f244be71d4b92e664302aa99653ee4df19800d955b6c4149cd2b3f24288d6e4b40b16126e01f4c8ce6", 
-    "versions": {
-        "2013.01.02": {
-            "bin": [
-                "http://youtube-dl.org/downloads/2013.01.02/youtube-dl", 
-                "f5b502f8aaa77675c4884938b1e4871ebca2611813a0c0e74f60c0fbd6dcca6b"
-            ], 
-            "exe": [
-                "http://youtube-dl.org/downloads/2013.01.02/youtube-dl.exe", 
-                "75fa89d2ce297d102ff27675aa9d92545bbc91013f52ec52868c069f4f9f0422"
-            ], 
-            "tar": [
-                "http://youtube-dl.org/downloads/2013.01.02/youtube-dl-2013.01.02.tar.gz", 
-                "6a66d022ac8e1c13da284036288a133ec8dba003b7bd3a5179d0c0daca8c8196"
-            ]
-        }, 
-        "2013.01.06": {
-            "bin": [
-                "http://youtube-dl.org/downloads/2013.01.06/youtube-dl", 
-                "64b6ed8865735c6302e836d4d832577321b4519aa02640dc508580c1ee824049"
-            ], 
-            "exe": [
-                "http://youtube-dl.org/downloads/2013.01.06/youtube-dl.exe", 
-                "58609baf91e4389d36e3ba586e21dab882daaaee537e4448b1265392ae86ff84"
-            ], 
-            "tar": [
-                "http://youtube-dl.org/downloads/2013.01.06/youtube-dl-2013.01.06.tar.gz", 
-                "fe77ab20a95d980ed17a659aa67e371fdd4d656d19c4c7950e7b720b0c2f1a86"
-            ]
-        }
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
index a7dced8e8..740826b45 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 import collections
 import contextlib
+import copy
 import datetime
 import errno
 import fileinput
-import functools
+import http.cookiejar
 import io
 import itertools
 import json
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 import random
 import re
 import shutil
+import string
 import subprocess
 import sys
 import tempfile
@@ -20,18 +22,27 @@
 import tokenize
 import traceback
 import unicodedata
-import urllib.request
-from string import ascii_letters
 
 from .cache import Cache
-from .compat import compat_os_name, compat_shlex_quote
-from .cookies import load_cookies
+from .compat import functools, urllib  # isort: split
+from .compat import compat_os_name, compat_shlex_quote, urllib_req_to_req
+from .cookies import LenientSimpleCookie, load_cookies
 from .downloader import FFmpegFD, get_suitable_downloader, shorten_protocol_name
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
 from .extractor import gen_extractor_classes, get_info_extractor
 from .extractor.common import UnsupportedURLIE
 from .extractor.openload import PhantomJSwrapper
 from .minicurses import format_text
+from .networking import HEADRequest, Request, RequestDirector
+from .networking.common import _REQUEST_HANDLERS, _RH_PREFERENCES
+from .networking.exceptions import (
+    HTTPError,
+    NoSupportingHandlers,
+    RequestError,
+    SSLError,
+    _CompatHTTPError,
+    network_exceptions,
+)
 from .plugins import directories as plugin_directories
 from .postprocessor import _PLUGIN_CLASSES as plugin_pps
 from .postprocessor import (
@@ -49,7 +60,7 @@
     get_postprocessor,
 )
 from .postprocessor.ffmpeg import resolve_mapping as resolve_recode_mapping
-from .update import REPOSITORY, current_git_head, detect_variant
+from .update import REPOSITORY, _get_system_deprecation, _make_label, current_git_head, detect_variant
 from .utils import (
     DEFAULT_OUTTMPL,
     IDENTITY,
@@ -70,13 +81,11 @@
     ExtractorError,
     FormatSorter,
     GeoRestrictedError,
-    HEADRequest,
     ISO3166Utils,
     LazyList,
     MaxDownloadsReached,
     Namespace,
     PagedList,
-    PerRequestProxyHandler,
     PlaylistEntries,
     Popen,
     PostProcessingError,
@@ -85,9 +94,6 @@
     SameFileError,
     UnavailableVideoError,
     UserNotLive,
-    YoutubeDLCookieProcessor,
-    YoutubeDLHandler,
-    YoutubeDLRedirectHandler,
     age_restricted,
     args_to_str,
     bug_reports_message,
@@ -100,6 +106,7 @@
     error_to_compat_str,
     escapeHTML,
     expand_path,
+    extract_basic_auth,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     format_bytes,
@@ -115,24 +122,18 @@
     locked_file,
     make_archive_id,
     make_dir,
-    make_HTTPS_handler,
-    merge_headers,
-    network_exceptions,
     number_of_digits,
     orderedSet,
     orderedSet_from_options,
     parse_filesize,
     preferredencoding,
     prepend_extension,
-    register_socks_protocols,
     remove_terminal_sequences,
     render_table,
     replace_extension,
     sanitize_filename,
     sanitize_path,
     sanitize_url,
-    sanitized_Request,
-    std_headers,
     str_or_none,
     strftime_or_none,
     subtitles_filename,
@@ -150,7 +151,14 @@
     write_json_file,
     write_string,
 )
-from .version import CHANNEL, RELEASE_GIT_HEAD, VARIANT, __version__
+from .utils._utils import _YDLLogger
+from .utils.networking import (
+    HTTPHeaderDict,
+    clean_headers,
+    clean_proxies,
+    std_headers,
+)
+from .version import CHANNEL, ORIGIN, RELEASE_GIT_HEAD, VARIANT, __version__
 
 if compat_os_name == 'nt':
     import ctypes
@@ -190,6 +198,8 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     ap_username:       Multiple-system operator account username.
     ap_password:       Multiple-system operator account password.
     usenetrc:          Use netrc for authentication instead.
+    netrc_location:    Location of the netrc file. Defaults to ~/.netrc.
+    netrc_cmd:         Use a shell command to get credentials
     verbose:           Print additional info to stdout.
     quiet:             Do not print messages to stdout.
     no_warnings:       Do not print out anything for warnings.
@@ -229,9 +239,9 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        'selected' (check selected formats),
                        or None (check only if requested by extractor)
     paths:             Dictionary of output paths. The allowed keys are 'home'
-                       'temp' and the keys of OUTTMPL_TYPES (in utils.py)
+                       'temp' and the keys of OUTTMPL_TYPES (in utils/_utils.py)
     outtmpl:           Dictionary of templates for output names. Allowed keys
-                       are 'default' and the keys of OUTTMPL_TYPES (in utils.py).
+                       are 'default' and the keys of OUTTMPL_TYPES (in utils/_utils.py).
                        For compatibility with youtube-dl, a single string can also be used
     outtmpl_na_placeholder: Placeholder for unavailable meta fields.
     restrictfilenames: Do not allow "&" and spaces in file names
@@ -246,8 +256,6 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     overwrites:        Overwrite all video and metadata files if True,
                        overwrite only non-video files if None
                        and don't overwrite any file if False
-                       For compatibility with youtube-dl,
-                       "nooverwrites" may also be used instead
     playlist_items:    Specific indices of playlist to download.
     playlistrandom:    Download playlist items in random order.
     lazy_playlist:     Process playlist entries as they are received.
@@ -258,7 +266,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     consoletitle:      Display progress in console window's titlebar.
     writedescription:  Write the video description to a .description file
     writeinfojson:     Write the video description to a .info.json file
-    clean_infojson:    Remove private fields from the infojson
+    clean_infojson:    Remove internal metadata from the infojson
     getcomments:       Extract video comments. This will not be written to disk
                        unless writeinfojson is also given
     writeannotations:  Write the video annotations to a .annotations.xml file
@@ -280,7 +288,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        subtitles. The language can be prefixed with a "-" to
                        exclude it from the requested languages, e.g. ['all', '-live_chat']
     keepvideo:         Keep the video file after post-processing
-    daterange:         A DateRange object, download only if the upload_date is in the range.
+    daterange:         A utils.DateRange object, download only if the upload_date is in the range.
     skip_download:     Skip the actual download of the video file
     cachedir:          Location of the cache files in the filesystem.
                        False to disable filesystem cache.
@@ -329,13 +337,13 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        'auto' for elaborate guessing
     encoding:          Use this encoding instead of the system-specified.
     extract_flat:      Whether to resolve and process url_results further
-                       * False:     Always process (default)
+                       * False:     Always process. Default for API
                        * True:      Never process
                        * 'in_playlist': Do not process inside playlist/multi_video
                        * 'discard': Always process, but don't return the result
                                     from inside playlist/multi_video
                        * 'discard_in_playlist': Same as "discard", but only for
-                                    playlists (not multi_video)
+                                    playlists (not multi_video). Default for CLI
     wait_for_video:    If given, wait for scheduled streams to become available.
                        The value should be a tuple containing the range
                        (min_secs, max_secs) to wait between retries
@@ -414,8 +422,13 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                          asked whether to download the video.
                        - Raise utils.DownloadCancelled(msg) to abort remaining
                          downloads when a video is rejected.
-                       match_filter_func in utils.py is one example for this.
-    no_color:          Do not emit color codes in output.
+                       match_filter_func in utils/_utils.py is one example for this.
+    color:             A Dictionary with output stream names as keys
+                       and their respective color policy as values.
+                       Can also just be a single color policy,
+                       in which case it applies to all outputs.
+                       Valid stream names are 'stdout' and 'stderr'.
+                       Valid color policies are one of 'always', 'auto', 'no_color' or 'never'.
     geo_bypass:        Bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For
                        HTTP header
     geo_bypass_country:
@@ -472,7 +485,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        can also be used
 
     The following options are used by the extractors:
-    extractor_retries: Number of times to retry for known errors
+    extractor_retries: Number of times to retry for known errors (default: 3)
     dynamic_mpd:       Whether to process dynamic DASH manifests (default: True)
     hls_split_discontinuity: Split HLS playlists to different formats at
                        discontinuities such as ad breaks (default: False)
@@ -537,6 +550,8 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        data will be downloaded and processed by extractor.
                        You can reduce network I/O by disabling it if you don't
                        care about HLS. (only for youtube)
+    no_color:          Same as `color='no_color'`
+    no_overwrites:     Same as `overwrites=False`
     """
 
     _NUMERIC_FIELDS = {
@@ -556,7 +571,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         'width', 'height', 'aspect_ratio', 'resolution', 'dynamic_range', 'tbr', 'abr', 'acodec', 'asr', 'audio_channels',
         'vbr', 'fps', 'vcodec', 'container', 'filesize', 'filesize_approx', 'rows', 'columns',
         'player_url', 'protocol', 'fragment_base_url', 'fragments', 'is_from_start',
-        'preference', 'language', 'language_preference', 'quality', 'source_preference',
+        'preference', 'language', 'language_preference', 'quality', 'source_preference', 'cookies',
         'http_headers', 'stretched_ratio', 'no_resume', 'has_drm', 'extra_param_to_segment_url', 'hls_aes', 'downloader_options',
         'page_url', 'app', 'play_path', 'tc_url', 'flash_version', 'rtmp_live', 'rtmp_conn', 'rtmp_protocol', 'rtmp_real_time'
     }
@@ -588,6 +603,7 @@ def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
         self._playlist_level = 0
         self._playlist_urls = set()
         self.cache = Cache(self)
+        self.__header_cookies = []
 
         stdout = sys.stderr if self.params.get('logtostderr') else sys.stdout
         self._out_files = Namespace(
@@ -603,22 +619,30 @@ def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
         except Exception as e:
             self.write_debug(f'Failed to enable VT mode: {e}')
 
+        if self.params.get('no_color'):
+            if self.params.get('color') is not None:
+                self.params.setdefault('_warnings', []).append(
+                    'Overwriting params from "color" with "no_color"')
+            self.params['color'] = 'no_color'
+
+        term_allow_color = os.environ.get('TERM', '').lower() != 'dumb'
+
+        def process_color_policy(stream):
+            stream_name = {sys.stdout: 'stdout', sys.stderr: 'stderr'}[stream]
+            policy = traverse_obj(self.params, ('color', (stream_name, None), {str}), get_all=False)
+            if policy in ('auto', None):
+                return term_allow_color and supports_terminal_sequences(stream)
+            assert policy in ('always', 'never', 'no_color'), policy
+            return {'always': True, 'never': False}.get(policy, policy)
+
         self._allow_colors = Namespace(**{
-            type_: not self.params.get('no_color') and supports_terminal_sequences(stream)
-            for type_, stream in self._out_files.items_ if type_ != 'console'
+            name: process_color_policy(stream)
+            for name, stream in self._out_files.items_ if name != 'console'
         })
 
-        # The code is left like this to be reused for future deprecations
-        MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 7), (3, 7)
-        current_version = sys.version_info[:2]
-        if current_version < MIN_RECOMMENDED:
-            msg = ('Support for Python version %d.%d has been deprecated. '
-                   'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3764  for more details.'
-                   '\n                    You will no longer receive updates on this version')
-            if current_version < MIN_SUPPORTED:
-                msg = 'Python version %d.%d is no longer supported'
-            self.deprecated_feature(
-                f'{msg}! Please update to Python %d.%d or above' % (*current_version, *MIN_RECOMMENDED))
+        system_deprecation = _get_system_deprecation()
+        if system_deprecation:
+            self.deprecated_feature(system_deprecation.replace('\n', '\n                    '))
 
         if self.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats'):
             self.report_warning(
@@ -648,6 +672,11 @@ def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
                     raise
 
         self.params['compat_opts'] = set(self.params.get('compat_opts', ()))
+        self.params['http_headers'] = HTTPHeaderDict(std_headers, self.params.get('http_headers'))
+        self._load_cookies(self.params['http_headers'].get('Cookie'))  # compat
+        self.params['http_headers'].pop('Cookie', None)
+        self._request_director = self.build_request_director(_REQUEST_HANDLERS.values(), _RH_PREFERENCES)
+
         if auto_init and auto_init != 'no_verbose_header':
             self.print_debug_header()
 
@@ -718,9 +747,6 @@ def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
             else self.params['format'] if callable(self.params['format'])
             else self.build_format_selector(self.params['format']))
 
-        # Set http_headers defaults according to std_headers
-        self.params['http_headers'] = merge_headers(std_headers, self.params.get('http_headers', {}))
-
         hooks = {
             'post_hooks': self.add_post_hook,
             'progress_hooks': self.add_progress_hook,
@@ -737,9 +763,6 @@ def check_deprecated(param, option, suggestion):
                 get_postprocessor(pp_def.pop('key'))(self, **pp_def),
                 when=when)
 
-        self._setup_opener()
-        register_socks_protocols()
-
         def preload_download_archive(fn):
             """Preload the archive, if any is specified"""
             archive = set()
@@ -915,11 +938,17 @@ def __enter__(self):
         self.save_console_title()
         return self
 
+    def save_cookies(self):
+        if self.params.get('cookiefile') is not None:
+            self.cookiejar.save()
+
     def __exit__(self, *args):
         self.restore_console_title()
+        self.close()
 
-        if self.params.get('cookiefile') is not None:
-            self.cookiejar.save(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
+    def close(self):
+        self.save_cookies()
+        self._request_director.close()
 
     def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None, is_error=True):
         """Determine action to take when a download problem appears.
@@ -962,6 +991,7 @@ def trouble(self, message=None, tb=None, is_error=True):
         ID='green',
         DELIM='blue',
         ERROR='red',
+        BAD_FORMAT='light red',
         WARNING='yellow',
         SUPPRESS='light black',
     )
@@ -975,7 +1005,7 @@ def _format_text(self, handle, allow_colors, text, f, fallback=None, *, test_enc
             text = text.encode(encoding, 'ignore').decode(encoding)
             if fallback is not None and text != original_text:
                 text = fallback
-        return format_text(text, f) if allow_colors else text if fallback is None else fallback
+        return format_text(text, f) if allow_colors is True else text if fallback is None else fallback
 
     def _format_out(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return self._format_text(self._out_files.out, self._allow_colors.out, *args, **kwargs)
@@ -1078,7 +1108,7 @@ def _outtmpl_expandpath(outtmpl):
         # correspondingly that is not what we want since we need to keep
         # '%%' intact for template dict substitution step. Working around
         # with boundary-alike separator hack.
-        sep = ''.join(random.choices(ascii_letters, k=32))
+        sep = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters, k=32))
         outtmpl = outtmpl.replace('%%', f'%{sep}%').replace('$$', f'${sep}$')
 
         # outtmpl should be expand_path'ed before template dict substitution
@@ -1156,7 +1186,7 @@ def prepare_outtmpl(self, outtmpl, info_dict, sanitize=False):
         }
         MATH_FIELD_RE = rf'(?:{FIELD_RE}|-?{NUMBER_RE})'
         MATH_OPERATORS_RE = r'(?:%s)' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, MATH_FUNCTIONS.keys()))
-        INTERNAL_FORMAT_RE = re.compile(rf'''(?x)
+        INTERNAL_FORMAT_RE = re.compile(rf'''(?xs)
             (?P<negate>-)?
             (?P<fields>{FIELD_RE})
             (?P<maths>(?:{MATH_OPERATORS_RE}{MATH_FIELD_RE})*)
@@ -1237,32 +1267,45 @@ def _dumpjson_default(obj):
                 return list(obj)
             return repr(obj)
 
+        class _ReplacementFormatter(string.Formatter):
+            def get_field(self, field_name, args, kwargs):
+                if field_name.isdigit():
+                    return args[0], -1
+                raise ValueError('Unsupported field')
+
+        replacement_formatter = _ReplacementFormatter()
+
         def create_key(outer_mobj):
             if not outer_mobj.group('has_key'):
                 return outer_mobj.group(0)
             key = outer_mobj.group('key')
             mobj = re.match(INTERNAL_FORMAT_RE, key)
-            initial_field = mobj.group('fields') if mobj else ''
-            value, replacement, default = None, None, na
+            value, replacement, default, last_field = None, None, na, ''
             while mobj:
                 mobj = mobj.groupdict()
                 default = mobj['default'] if mobj['default'] is not None else default
                 value = get_value(mobj)
-                replacement = mobj['replacement']
+                last_field, replacement = mobj['fields'], mobj['replacement']
                 if value is None and mobj['alternate']:
                     mobj = re.match(INTERNAL_FORMAT_RE, mobj['remaining'][1:])
                 else:
                     break
 
-            fmt = outer_mobj.group('format')
-            if fmt == 's' and value is not None and key in field_size_compat_map.keys():
-                fmt = f'0{field_size_compat_map[key]:d}d'
+            if None not in (value, replacement):
+                try:
+                    value = replacement_formatter.format(replacement, value)
+                except ValueError:
+                    value, default = None, na
 
-            value = default if value is None else value if replacement is None else replacement
+            fmt = outer_mobj.group('format')
+            if fmt == 's' and last_field in field_size_compat_map.keys() and isinstance(value, int):
+                fmt = f'0{field_size_compat_map[last_field]:d}d'
 
             flags = outer_mobj.group('conversion') or ''
             str_fmt = f'{fmt[:-1]}s'
-            if fmt[-1] == 'l':  # list
+            if value is None:
+                value, fmt = default, 's'
+            elif fmt[-1] == 'l':  # list
                 delim = '\n' if '#' in flags else ', '
                 value, fmt = delim.join(map(str, variadic(value, allowed_types=(str, bytes)))), str_fmt
             elif fmt[-1] == 'j':  # json
@@ -1287,24 +1330,26 @@ def create_key(outer_mobj):
                 value = format_decimal_suffix(value, f'%{num_fmt}f%s' if num_fmt else '%d%s',
                                               factor=1024 if '#' in flags else 1000)
             elif fmt[-1] == 'S':  # filename sanitization
-                value, fmt = filename_sanitizer(initial_field, value, restricted='#' in flags), str_fmt
+                value, fmt = filename_sanitizer(last_field, value, restricted='#' in flags), str_fmt
             elif fmt[-1] == 'c':
                 if value:
                     value = str(value)[0]
                 else:
                     fmt = str_fmt
-            elif fmt[-1] not in 'rs':  # numeric
+            elif fmt[-1] not in 'rsa':  # numeric
                 value = float_or_none(value)
                 if value is None:
                     value, fmt = default, 's'
 
             if sanitize:
+                # If value is an object, sanitize might convert it to a string
+                # So we convert it to repr first
                 if fmt[-1] == 'r':
-                    # If value is an object, sanitize might convert it to a string
-                    # So we convert it to repr first
                     value, fmt = repr(value), str_fmt
-                if fmt[-1] in 'csr':
-                    value = sanitizer(initial_field, value)
+                elif fmt[-1] == 'a':
+                    value, fmt = ascii(value), str_fmt
+                if fmt[-1] in 'csra':
+                    value = sanitizer(last_field, value)
 
             key = '%s\0%s' % (key.replace('%', '%\0'), outer_mobj.group('format'))
             TMPL_DICT[key] = value
@@ -1369,7 +1414,7 @@ def prepare_filename(self, info_dict, dir_type='', *, outtmpl=None, warn=False):
 
     def _match_entry(self, info_dict, incomplete=False, silent=False):
         """Returns None if the file should be downloaded"""
-        _type = info_dict.get('_type', 'video')
+        _type = 'video' if 'playlist-match-filter' in self.params['compat_opts'] else info_dict.get('_type', 'video')
         assert incomplete or _type == 'video', 'Only video result can be considered complete'
 
         video_title = info_dict.get('title', info_dict.get('id', 'entry'))
@@ -1439,7 +1484,10 @@ def check_filter():
             return ret
 
         if self.in_download_archive(info_dict):
-            reason = '%s has already been recorded in the archive' % video_title
+            reason = ''.join((
+                format_field(info_dict, 'id', f'{self._format_screen("%s", self.Styles.ID)}: '),
+                format_field(info_dict, 'title', f'{self._format_screen("%s", self.Styles.EMPHASIS)} '),
+                'has already been recorded in the archive'))
             break_opt, break_err = 'break_on_existing', ExistingVideoReached
         else:
             try:
@@ -1500,7 +1548,8 @@ def extract_info(self, url, download=True, ie_key=None, extra_info=None,
 
             temp_id = ie.get_temp_id(url)
             if temp_id is not None and self.in_download_archive({'id': temp_id, 'ie_key': key}):
-                self.to_screen(f'[{key}] {temp_id}: has already been recorded in the archive')
+                self.to_screen(f'[download] {self._format_screen(temp_id, self.Styles.ID)}: '
+                               'has already been recorded in the archive')
                 if self.params.get('break_on_existing', False):
                     raise ExistingVideoReached()
                 break
@@ -1588,8 +1637,67 @@ def progress(msg):
                 self.to_screen('')
             raise
 
+    def _load_cookies(self, data, *, autoscope=True):
+        """Loads cookies from a `Cookie` header
+
+        This tries to work around the security vulnerability of passing cookies to every domain.
+        See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-v8mc-9377-rwjj
+
+        @param data         The Cookie header as string to load the cookies from
+        @param autoscope    If `False`, scope cookies using Set-Cookie syntax and error for cookie without domains
+                            If `True`, save cookies for later to be stored in the jar with a limited scope
+                            If a URL, save cookies in the jar with the domain of the URL
+        """
+        for cookie in LenientSimpleCookie(data).values():
+            if autoscope and any(cookie.values()):
+                raise ValueError('Invalid syntax in Cookie Header')
+
+            domain = cookie.get('domain') or ''
+            expiry = cookie.get('expires')
+            if expiry == '':  # 0 is valid
+                expiry = None
+            prepared_cookie = http.cookiejar.Cookie(
+                cookie.get('version') or 0, cookie.key, cookie.value, None, False,
+                domain, True, True, cookie.get('path') or '', bool(cookie.get('path')),
+                cookie.get('secure') or False, expiry, False, None, None, {})
+
+            if domain:
+                self.cookiejar.set_cookie(prepared_cookie)
+            elif autoscope is True:
+                self.deprecated_feature(
+                    'Passing cookies as a header is a potential security risk; '
+                    'they will be scoped to the domain of the downloaded urls. '
+                    'Please consider loading cookies from a file or browser instead.')
+                self.__header_cookies.append(prepared_cookie)
+            elif autoscope:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    'The extractor result contains an unscoped cookie as an HTTP header. '
+                    f'If you are using yt-dlp with an input URL{bug_reports_message(before=",")}',
+                    only_once=True)
+                self._apply_header_cookies(autoscope, [prepared_cookie])
+            else:
+                self.report_error('Unscoped cookies are not allowed; please specify some sort of scoping',
+                                  tb=False, is_error=False)
+
+    def _apply_header_cookies(self, url, cookies=None):
+        """Applies stray header cookies to the provided url
+
+        This loads header cookies and scopes them to the domain provided in `url`.
+        While this is not ideal, it helps reduce the risk of them being sent
+        to an unintended destination while mostly maintaining compatibility.
+        """
+        parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+        if not parsed.hostname:
+            return
+
+        for cookie in map(copy.copy, cookies or self.__header_cookies):
+            cookie.domain = f'.{parsed.hostname}'
+            self.cookiejar.set_cookie(cookie)
+
     @_handle_extraction_exceptions
     def __extract_info(self, url, ie, download, extra_info, process):
+        self._apply_header_cookies(url)
+
         try:
             ie_result = ie.extract(url)
         except UserNotLive as e:
@@ -1663,7 +1771,7 @@ def process_ie_result(self, ie_result, download=True, extra_info=None):
                 self.add_extra_info(info_copy, extra_info)
                 info_copy, _ = self.pre_process(info_copy)
                 self._fill_common_fields(info_copy, False)
-                self.__forced_printings(info_copy, self.prepare_filename(info_copy), incomplete=True)
+                self.__forced_printings(info_copy)
                 self._raise_pending_errors(info_copy)
                 if self.params.get('force_write_download_archive', False):
                     self.record_download_archive(info_copy)
@@ -1867,7 +1975,7 @@ def __process_playlist(self, ie_result, download):
                 continue
 
             entry['__x_forwarded_for_ip'] = ie_result.get('__x_forwarded_for_ip')
-            if not lazy and 'playlist-index' in self.params.get('compat_opts', []):
+            if not lazy and 'playlist-index' in self.params['compat_opts']:
                 playlist_index = ie_result['requested_entries'][i]
 
             entry_copy = collections.ChainMap(entry, {
@@ -1932,7 +2040,7 @@ def _build_format_filter(self, filter_spec):
             '!=': operator.ne,
         }
         operator_rex = re.compile(r'''(?x)\s*
-            (?P<key>width|height|tbr|abr|vbr|asr|filesize|filesize_approx|fps)\s*
+            (?P<key>[\w.-]+)\s*
             (?P<op>%s)(?P<none_inclusive>\s*\?)?\s*
             (?P<value>[0-9.]+(?:[kKmMgGtTpPeEzZyY]i?[Bb]?)?)\s*
             ''' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, OPERATORS.keys())))
@@ -2049,90 +2157,88 @@ def syntax_error(note, start):
         allow_multiple_streams = {'audio': self.params.get('allow_multiple_audio_streams', False),
                                   'video': self.params.get('allow_multiple_video_streams', False)}
 
-        check_formats = self.params.get('check_formats') == 'selected'
-
         def _parse_filter(tokens):
             filter_parts = []
-            for type, string, start, _, _ in tokens:
-                if type == tokenize.OP and string == ']':
+            for type, string_, start, _, _ in tokens:
+                if type == tokenize.OP and string_ == ']':
                     return ''.join(filter_parts)
                 else:
-                    filter_parts.append(string)
+                    filter_parts.append(string_)
 
         def _remove_unused_ops(tokens):
             # Remove operators that we don't use and join them with the surrounding strings.
             # E.g. 'mp4' '-' 'baseline' '-' '16x9' is converted to 'mp4-baseline-16x9'
             ALLOWED_OPS = ('/', '+', ',', '(', ')')
             last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line = None, None, None, None
-            for type, string, start, end, line in tokens:
-                if type == tokenize.OP and string == '[':
+            for type, string_, start, end, line in tokens:
+                if type == tokenize.OP and string_ == '[':
                     if last_string:
                         yield tokenize.NAME, last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line
                         last_string = None
-                    yield type, string, start, end, line
+                    yield type, string_, start, end, line
                     # everything inside brackets will be handled by _parse_filter
-                    for type, string, start, end, line in tokens:
-                        yield type, string, start, end, line
-                        if type == tokenize.OP and string == ']':
+                    for type, string_, start, end, line in tokens:
+                        yield type, string_, start, end, line
+                        if type == tokenize.OP and string_ == ']':
                             break
-                elif type == tokenize.OP and string in ALLOWED_OPS:
+                elif type == tokenize.OP and string_ in ALLOWED_OPS:
                     if last_string:
                         yield tokenize.NAME, last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line
                         last_string = None
-                    yield type, string, start, end, line
+                    yield type, string_, start, end, line
                 elif type in [tokenize.NAME, tokenize.NUMBER, tokenize.OP]:
                     if not last_string:
-                        last_string = string
+                        last_string = string_
                         last_start = start
                         last_end = end
                     else:
-                        last_string += string
+                        last_string += string_
             if last_string:
                 yield tokenize.NAME, last_string, last_start, last_end, last_line
 
         def _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_merge=False, inside_choice=False, inside_group=False):
             selectors = []
             current_selector = None
-            for type, string, start, _, _ in tokens:
+            for type, string_, start, _, _ in tokens:
                 # ENCODING is only defined in python 3.x
                 if type == getattr(tokenize, 'ENCODING', None):
                     continue
                 elif type in [tokenize.NAME, tokenize.NUMBER]:
-                    current_selector = FormatSelector(SINGLE, string, [])
+                    current_selector = FormatSelector(SINGLE, string_, [])
                 elif type == tokenize.OP:
-                    if string == ')':
+                    if string_ == ')':
                         if not inside_group:
                             # ')' will be handled by the parentheses group
                             tokens.restore_last_token()
                         break
-                    elif inside_merge and string in ['/', ',']:
+                    elif inside_merge and string_ in ['/', ',']:
                         tokens.restore_last_token()
                         break
-                    elif inside_choice and string == ',':
+                    elif inside_choice and string_ == ',':
                         tokens.restore_last_token()
                         break
-                    elif string == ',':
+                    elif string_ == ',':
                         if not current_selector:
                             raise syntax_error('"," must follow a format selector', start)
                         selectors.append(current_selector)
                         current_selector = None
-                    elif string == '/':
+                    elif string_ == '/':
                         if not current_selector:
                             raise syntax_error('"/" must follow a format selector', start)
                         first_choice = current_selector
                         second_choice = _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_choice=True)
                         current_selector = FormatSelector(PICKFIRST, (first_choice, second_choice), [])
-                    elif string == '[':
+                    elif string_ == '[':
                         if not current_selector:
                             current_selector = FormatSelector(SINGLE, 'best', [])
                         format_filter = _parse_filter(tokens)
                         current_selector.filters.append(format_filter)
-                    elif string == '(':
+                    elif string_ == '(':
                         if current_selector:
                             raise syntax_error('Unexpected "("', start)
                         group = _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_group=True)
                         current_selector = FormatSelector(GROUP, group, [])
-                    elif string == '+':
+                    elif string_ == '+':
                         if not current_selector:
                             raise syntax_error('Unexpected "+"', start)
                         selector_1 = current_selector
@@ -2141,7 +2247,7 @@ def _parse_format_selection(tokens, inside_merge=False, inside_choice=False, ins
                             raise syntax_error('Expected a selector', start)
                         current_selector = FormatSelector(MERGE, (selector_1, selector_2), [])
                     else:
-                        raise syntax_error(f'Operator not recognized: "{string}"', start)
+                        raise syntax_error(f'Operator not recognized: "{string_}"', start)
                 elif type == tokenize.ENDMARKER:
                     break
             if current_selector:
@@ -2223,10 +2329,19 @@ def _merge(formats_pair):
             return new_dict
 
         def _check_formats(formats):
-            if not check_formats:
+            if self.params.get('check_formats') == 'selected':
+                yield from self._check_formats(formats)
+                return
+            elif (self.params.get('check_formats') is not None
+                    or self.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats')):
                 yield from formats
                 return
-            yield from self._check_formats(formats)
+
+            for f in formats:
+                if f.get('has_drm') or f.get('__needs_testing'):
+                    yield from self._check_formats([f])
+                else:
+                    yield f
 
         def _build_selector_function(selector):
             if isinstance(selector, list):  # ,
@@ -2365,12 +2480,34 @@ def restore_last_token(self):
         parsed_selector = _parse_format_selection(iter(TokenIterator(tokens)))
         return _build_selector_function(parsed_selector)
 
-    def _calc_headers(self, info_dict):
-        res = merge_headers(self.params['http_headers'], info_dict.get('http_headers') or {})
+    def _calc_headers(self, info_dict, load_cookies=False):
+        res = HTTPHeaderDict(self.params['http_headers'], info_dict.get('http_headers'))
+        clean_headers(res)
 
-        cookies = self._calc_cookies(info_dict['url'])
+        if load_cookies:  # For --load-info-json
+            self._load_cookies(res.get('Cookie'), autoscope=info_dict['url'])  # compat
+            self._load_cookies(info_dict.get('cookies'), autoscope=False)
+        # The `Cookie` header is removed to prevent leaks and unscoped cookies.
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-v8mc-9377-rwjj
+        res.pop('Cookie', None)
+        cookies = self.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(info_dict['url'])
         if cookies:
-            res['Cookie'] = cookies
+            encoder = LenientSimpleCookie()
+            values = []
+            for cookie in cookies:
+                _, value = encoder.value_encode(cookie.value)
+                values.append(f'{cookie.name}={value}')
+                if cookie.domain:
+                    values.append(f'Domain={cookie.domain}')
+                if cookie.path:
+                    values.append(f'Path={cookie.path}')
+                if cookie.secure:
+                    values.append('Secure')
+                if cookie.expires:
+                    values.append(f'Expires={cookie.expires}')
+                if cookie.version:
+                    values.append(f'Version={cookie.version}')
+            info_dict['cookies'] = '; '.join(values)
 
         if 'X-Forwarded-For' not in res:
             x_forwarded_for_ip = info_dict.get('__x_forwarded_for_ip')
@@ -2380,9 +2517,8 @@ def _calc_headers(self, info_dict):
         return res
 
     def _calc_cookies(self, url):
-        pr = sanitized_Request(url)
-        self.cookiejar.add_cookie_header(pr)
-        return pr.get_header('Cookie')
+        self.deprecation_warning('"YoutubeDL._calc_cookies" is deprecated and may be removed in a future version')
+        return self.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(url)
 
     def _sort_thumbnails(self, thumbnails):
         thumbnails.sort(key=lambda t: (
@@ -2447,7 +2583,7 @@ def _fill_common_fields(self, info_dict, final=True):
                 # Working around out-of-range timestamp values (e.g. negative ones on Windows,
                 # see http://bugs.python.org/issue1646728)
                 with contextlib.suppress(ValueError, OverflowError, OSError):
-                    upload_date = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(info_dict[ts_key])
+                    upload_date = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(info_dict[ts_key], datetime.timezone.utc)
                     info_dict[date_key] = upload_date.strftime('%Y%m%d')
 
         live_keys = ('is_live', 'was_live')
@@ -2577,10 +2713,10 @@ def sanitize_numeric_fields(info):
         if field_preference:
             info_dict['_format_sort_fields'] = field_preference
 
-        # or None ensures --clean-infojson removes it
-        info_dict['_has_drm'] = any(f.get('has_drm') for f in formats) or None
+        info_dict['_has_drm'] = any(  # or None ensures --clean-infojson removes it
+            f.get('has_drm') and f['has_drm'] != 'maybe' for f in formats) or None
         if not self.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats'):
-            formats = [f for f in formats if not f.get('has_drm')]
+            formats = [f for f in formats if not f.get('has_drm') or f['has_drm'] == 'maybe']
 
         if formats and all(f.get('acodec') == f.get('vcodec') == 'none' for f in formats):
             self.report_warning(
@@ -2628,10 +2764,17 @@ def is_wellformed(f):
                 format['dynamic_range'] = 'SDR'
             if format.get('aspect_ratio') is None:
                 format['aspect_ratio'] = try_call(lambda: round(format['width'] / format['height'], 2))
-            if (info_dict.get('duration') and format.get('tbr')
+            # For fragmented formats, "tbr" is often max bitrate and not average
+            if (('manifest-filesize-approx' in self.params['compat_opts'] or not format.get('manifest_url'))
+                    and info_dict.get('duration') and format.get('tbr')
                     and not format.get('filesize') and not format.get('filesize_approx')):
                 format['filesize_approx'] = int(info_dict['duration'] * format['tbr'] * (1024 / 8))
-            format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(collections.ChainMap(format, info_dict))
+            format['http_headers'] = self._calc_headers(collections.ChainMap(format, info_dict), load_cookies=True)
+
+        # Safeguard against old/insecure infojson when using --load-info-json
+        if info_dict.get('http_headers'):
+            info_dict['http_headers'] = HTTPHeaderDict(info_dict['http_headers'])
+            info_dict['http_headers'].pop('Cookie', None)
 
         # This is copied to http_headers by the above _calc_headers and can now be removed
         if '__x_forwarded_for_ip' in info_dict:
@@ -2705,33 +2848,31 @@ def is_wellformed(f):
             self.list_formats(info_dict)
         if list_only:
             # Without this printing, -F --print-json will not work
-            self.__forced_printings(info_dict, self.prepare_filename(info_dict), incomplete=True)
+            self.__forced_printings(info_dict)
             return info_dict
 
         format_selector = self.format_selector
-        if format_selector is None:
-            req_format = self._default_format_spec(info_dict, download=download)
-            self.write_debug('Default format spec: %s' % req_format)
-            format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
-
         while True:
             if interactive_format_selection:
-                req_format = input(
-                    self._format_screen('\nEnter format selector: ', self.Styles.EMPHASIS))
+                req_format = input(self._format_screen('\nEnter format selector ', self.Styles.EMPHASIS)
+                                   + '(Press ENTER for default, or Ctrl+C to quit)'
+                                   + self._format_screen(': ', self.Styles.EMPHASIS))
                 try:
-                    format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
+                    format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format) if req_format else None
                 except SyntaxError as err:
                     self.report_error(err, tb=False, is_error=False)
                     continue
 
+            if format_selector is None:
+                req_format = self._default_format_spec(info_dict, download=download)
+                self.write_debug(f'Default format spec: {req_format}')
+                format_selector = self.build_format_selector(req_format)
+
             formats_to_download = list(format_selector({
                 'formats': formats,
                 'has_merged_format': any('none' not in (f.get('acodec'), f.get('vcodec')) for f in formats),
-                'incomplete_formats': (
-                    # All formats are video-only or
-                    all(f.get('vcodec') != 'none' and f.get('acodec') == 'none' for f in formats)
-                    # all formats are audio-only
-                    or all(f.get('vcodec') == 'none' and f.get('acodec') != 'none' for f in formats)),
+                'incomplete_formats': (all(f.get('vcodec') == 'none' for f in formats)  # No formats with video
+                                       or all(f.get('acodec') == 'none' for f in formats)),  # OR, No formats with audio
             }))
             if interactive_format_selection and not formats_to_download:
                 self.report_error('Requested format is not available', tb=False, is_error=False)
@@ -2766,11 +2907,13 @@ def to_screen(*msg):
                 new_info.update(fmt)
                 offset, duration = info_dict.get('section_start') or 0, info_dict.get('duration') or float('inf')
                 end_time = offset + min(chapter.get('end_time', duration), duration)
+                # duration may not be accurate. So allow deviations <1sec
+                if end_time == float('inf') or end_time > offset + duration + 1:
+                    end_time = None
                 if chapter or offset:
                     new_info.update({
                         'section_start': offset + chapter.get('start_time', 0),
-                        # duration may not be accurate. So allow deviations <1sec
-                        'section_end': end_time if end_time <= offset + duration + 1 else None,
+                        'section_end': end_time,
                         'section_title': chapter.get('title'),
                         'section_number': chapter.get('index'),
                     })
@@ -2865,6 +3008,12 @@ def _forceprint(self, key, info_dict):
         if info_dict is None:
             return
         info_copy = info_dict.copy()
+        info_copy.setdefault('filename', self.prepare_filename(info_dict))
+        if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
+            # For RTMP URLs, also include the playpath
+            info_copy['urls'] = '\n'.join(f['url'] + f.get('play_path', '') for f in info_dict['requested_formats'])
+        elif info_dict.get('url'):
+            info_copy['urls'] = info_dict['url'] + info_dict.get('play_path', '')
         info_copy['formats_table'] = self.render_formats_table(info_dict)
         info_copy['thumbnails_table'] = self.render_thumbnails_table(info_dict)
         info_copy['subtitles_table'] = self.render_subtitles_table(info_dict.get('id'), info_dict.get('subtitles'))
@@ -2877,7 +3026,7 @@ def format_tmpl(tmpl):
 
             fmt = '%({})s'
             if tmpl.startswith('{'):
-                tmpl = f'.{tmpl}'
+                tmpl, fmt = f'.{tmpl}', '%({})j'
             if tmpl.endswith('='):
                 tmpl, fmt = tmpl[:-1], '{0} = %({0})#j'
             return '\n'.join(map(fmt.format, [tmpl] if mobj.group('dict') else tmpl.split(',')))
@@ -2890,46 +3039,36 @@ def format_tmpl(tmpl):
             tmpl = format_tmpl(tmpl)
             self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing {tmpl!r} to: {filename}')
             if self._ensure_dir_exists(filename):
-                with open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-                    f.write(self.evaluate_outtmpl(tmpl, info_copy) + '\n')
+                with open(filename, 'a', encoding='utf-8', newline='') as f:
+                    f.write(self.evaluate_outtmpl(tmpl, info_copy) + os.linesep)
 
-    def __forced_printings(self, info_dict, filename, incomplete):
-        def print_mandatory(field, actual_field=None):
-            if actual_field is None:
-                actual_field = field
-            if (self.params.get('force%s' % field, False)
-                    and (not incomplete or info_dict.get(actual_field) is not None)):
-                self.to_stdout(info_dict[actual_field])
-
-        def print_optional(field):
-            if (self.params.get('force%s' % field, False)
-                    and info_dict.get(field) is not None):
-                self.to_stdout(info_dict[field])
-
-        info_dict = info_dict.copy()
-        if filename is not None:
-            info_dict['filename'] = filename
-        if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
-            # For RTMP URLs, also include the playpath
-            info_dict['urls'] = '\n'.join(f['url'] + f.get('play_path', '') for f in info_dict['requested_formats'])
-        elif info_dict.get('url'):
-            info_dict['urls'] = info_dict['url'] + info_dict.get('play_path', '')
+        return info_copy
 
+    def __forced_printings(self, info_dict, filename=None, incomplete=True):
         if (self.params.get('forcejson')
                 or self.params['forceprint'].get('video')
                 or self.params['print_to_file'].get('video')):
             self.post_extract(info_dict)
-        self._forceprint('video', info_dict)
+        if filename:
+            info_dict['filename'] = filename
+        info_copy = self._forceprint('video', info_dict)
 
-        print_mandatory('title')
-        print_mandatory('id')
-        print_mandatory('url', 'urls')
-        print_optional('thumbnail')
-        print_optional('description')
-        print_optional('filename')
-        if self.params.get('forceduration') and info_dict.get('duration') is not None:
-            self.to_stdout(formatSeconds(info_dict['duration']))
-        print_mandatory('format')
+        def print_field(field, actual_field=None, optional=False):
+            if actual_field is None:
+                actual_field = field
+            if self.params.get(f'force{field}') and (
+                    info_copy.get(field) is not None or (not optional and not incomplete)):
+                self.to_stdout(info_copy[actual_field])
+
+        print_field('title')
+        print_field('id')
+        print_field('url', 'urls')
+        print_field('thumbnail', optional=True)
+        print_field('description', optional=True)
+        print_field('filename')
+        if self.params.get('forceduration') and info_copy.get('duration') is not None:
+            self.to_stdout(formatSeconds(info_copy['duration']))
+        print_field('format')
 
         if self.params.get('forcejson'):
             self.to_stdout(json.dumps(self.sanitize_info(info_dict)))
@@ -3143,7 +3282,7 @@ def existing_video_file(*filepaths):
                 fd, success = None, True
                 if info_dict.get('protocol') or info_dict.get('url'):
                     fd = get_suitable_downloader(info_dict, self.params, to_stdout=temp_filename == '-')
-                    if fd is not FFmpegFD and 'no-direct-merge' not in self.params['compat_opts'] and (
+                    if fd != FFmpegFD and 'no-direct-merge' not in self.params['compat_opts'] and (
                             info_dict.get('section_start') or info_dict.get('section_end')):
                         msg = ('This format cannot be partially downloaded' if FFmpegFD.available()
                                else 'You have requested downloading the video partially, but ffmpeg is not installed')
@@ -3151,7 +3290,6 @@ def existing_video_file(*filepaths):
                         return
 
                 if info_dict.get('requested_formats') is not None:
-                    requested_formats = info_dict['requested_formats']
                     old_ext = info_dict['ext']
                     if self.params.get('merge_output_format') is None:
                         if (info_dict['ext'] == 'webm'
@@ -3178,19 +3316,22 @@ def correct_ext(filename, ext=new_ext):
                     full_filename = correct_ext(full_filename)
                     temp_filename = correct_ext(temp_filename)
                     dl_filename = existing_video_file(full_filename, temp_filename)
+
                     info_dict['__real_download'] = False
+                    # NOTE: Copy so that original format dicts are not modified
+                    info_dict['requested_formats'] = list(map(dict, info_dict['requested_formats']))
 
                     merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
                     downloaded = []
                     if dl_filename is not None:
                         self.report_file_already_downloaded(dl_filename)
                     elif fd:
-                        for f in requested_formats if fd != FFmpegFD else []:
+                        for f in info_dict['requested_formats'] if fd != FFmpegFD else []:
                             f['filepath'] = fname = prepend_extension(
                                 correct_ext(temp_filename, info_dict['ext']),
                                 'f%s' % f['format_id'], info_dict['ext'])
                             downloaded.append(fname)
-                        info_dict['url'] = '\n'.join(f['url'] for f in requested_formats)
+                        info_dict['url'] = '\n'.join(f['url'] for f in info_dict['requested_formats'])
                         success, real_download = self.dl(temp_filename, info_dict)
                         info_dict['__real_download'] = real_download
                     else:
@@ -3214,7 +3355,7 @@ def correct_ext(filename, ext=new_ext):
                                 f'You have requested downloading multiple formats to stdout {reason}. '
                                 'The formats will be streamed one after the other')
                             fname = temp_filename
-                        for f in requested_formats:
+                        for f in info_dict['requested_formats']:
                             new_info = dict(info_dict)
                             del new_info['requested_formats']
                             new_info.update(f)
@@ -3305,14 +3446,15 @@ def ffmpeg_fixup(cndn, msg, cls):
                     ) for pp in self._pps['post_process'])
 
                     if not postprocessed_by_ffmpeg:
-                        ffmpeg_fixup(ext == 'm4a' and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash',
+                        ffmpeg_fixup(fd != FFmpegFD and ext == 'm4a'
+                                     and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash',
                                      'writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container',
                                      FFmpegFixupM4aPP)
                         ffmpeg_fixup(downloader == 'hlsnative' and not self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts')
                                      or info_dict.get('is_live') and self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts') is None,
                                      'Possible MPEG-TS in MP4 container or malformed AAC timestamps',
                                      FFmpegFixupM3u8PP)
-                        ffmpeg_fixup(info_dict.get('is_live') and downloader == 'DashSegmentsFD',
+                        ffmpeg_fixup(info_dict.get('is_live') and downloader == 'dashsegments',
                                      'Possible duplicate MOOV atoms', FFmpegFixupDuplicateMoovPP)
 
                     ffmpeg_fixup(downloader == 'web_socket_fragment', 'Malformed timestamps detected', FFmpegFixupTimestampPP)
@@ -3402,14 +3544,14 @@ def sanitize_info(info_dict, remove_private_keys=False):
             'version': __version__,
             'current_git_head': current_git_head(),
             'release_git_head': RELEASE_GIT_HEAD,
-            'repository': REPOSITORY,
+            'repository': ORIGIN,
         })
 
         if remove_private_keys:
             reject = lambda k, v: v is None or k.startswith('__') or k in {
                 'requested_downloads', 'requested_formats', 'requested_subtitles', 'requested_entries',
-                'entries', 'filepath', '_filename', 'infojson_filename', 'original_url', 'playlist_autonumber',
-                '_format_sort_fields',
+                'entries', 'filepath', '_filename', 'filename', 'infojson_filename', 'original_url',
+                'playlist_autonumber',
             }
         else:
             reject = lambda k, v: False
@@ -3648,7 +3790,7 @@ def render_formats_table(self, info_dict):
 
         def simplified_codec(f, field):
             assert field in ('acodec', 'vcodec')
-            codec = f.get(field, 'unknown')
+            codec = f.get(field)
             if not codec:
                 return 'unknown'
             elif codec != 'none':
@@ -3670,8 +3812,11 @@ def simplified_codec(f, field):
                 format_field(f, 'fps', '\t%d', func=round),
                 format_field(f, 'dynamic_range', '%s', ignore=(None, 'SDR')).replace('HDR', ''),
                 format_field(f, 'audio_channels', '\t%s'),
-                delim,
-                format_field(f, 'filesize', ' \t%s', func=format_bytes) + format_field(f, 'filesize_approx', '~\t%s', func=format_bytes),
+                delim, (
+                    format_field(f, 'filesize', ' \t%s', func=format_bytes)
+                    or format_field(f, 'filesize_approx', '≈\t%s', func=format_bytes)
+                    or format_field(try_call(lambda: format_bytes(int(info_dict['duration'] * f['tbr'] * (1024 / 8)))),
+                                    None, self._format_out('~\t%s', self.Styles.SUPPRESS))),
                 format_field(f, 'tbr', '\t%dk', func=round),
                 shorten_protocol_name(f.get('protocol', '')),
                 delim,
@@ -3680,14 +3825,13 @@ def simplified_codec(f, field):
                 simplified_codec(f, 'acodec'),
                 format_field(f, 'abr', '\t%dk', func=round),
                 format_field(f, 'asr', '\t%s', func=format_decimal_suffix),
-                join_nonempty(
-                    self._format_out('UNSUPPORTED', 'light red') if f.get('ext') in ('f4f', 'f4m') else None,
-                    self._format_out('DRM', 'light red') if f.get('has_drm') else None,
-                    format_field(f, 'language', '[%s]'),
-                    join_nonempty(format_field(f, 'format_note'),
-                                  format_field(f, 'container', ignore=(None, f.get('ext'))),
-                                  delim=', '),
-                    delim=' '),
+                join_nonempty(format_field(f, 'language', '[%s]'), join_nonempty(
+                    self._format_out('UNSUPPORTED', self.Styles.BAD_FORMAT) if f.get('ext') in ('f4f', 'f4m') else None,
+                    (self._format_out('Maybe DRM', self.Styles.WARNING) if f.get('has_drm') == 'maybe'
+                     else self._format_out('DRM', self.Styles.BAD_FORMAT) if f.get('has_drm') else None),
+                    format_field(f, 'format_note'),
+                    format_field(f, 'container', ignore=(None, f.get('ext'))),
+                    delim=', '), delim=' '),
             ] for f in formats if f.get('preference') is None or f['preference'] >= -1000]
         header_line = self._list_format_headers(
             'ID', 'EXT', 'RESOLUTION', '\tFPS', 'HDR', 'CH', delim, '\tFILESIZE', '\tTBR', 'PROTO',
@@ -3736,12 +3880,6 @@ def list_thumbnails(self, info_dict):
     def list_subtitles(self, video_id, subtitles, name='subtitles'):
         self.__list_table(video_id, name, self.render_subtitles_table, video_id, subtitles)
 
-    def urlopen(self, req):
-        """ Start an HTTP download """
-        if isinstance(req, str):
-            req = sanitized_Request(req)
-        return self._opener.open(req, timeout=self._socket_timeout)
-
     def print_debug_header(self):
         if not self.params.get('verbose'):
             return
@@ -3757,9 +3895,14 @@ def print_debug_header(self):
 
         def get_encoding(stream):
             ret = str(getattr(stream, 'encoding', 'missing (%s)' % type(stream).__name__))
+            additional_info = []
+            if os.environ.get('TERM', '').lower() == 'dumb':
+                additional_info.append('dumb')
             if not supports_terminal_sequences(stream):
                 from .utils import WINDOWS_VT_MODE  # Must be imported locally
-                ret += ' (No VT)' if WINDOWS_VT_MODE is False else ' (No ANSI)'
+                additional_info.append('No VT' if WINDOWS_VT_MODE is False else 'No ANSI')
+            if additional_info:
+                ret = f'{ret} ({",".join(additional_info)})'
             return ret
 
         encoding_str = 'Encodings: locale %s, fs %s, pref %s, %s' % (
@@ -3784,8 +3927,8 @@ def get_encoding(stream):
             source += '*'
         klass = type(self)
         write_debug(join_nonempty(
-            f'{"yt-dlp" if REPOSITORY == "yt-dlp/yt-dlp" else REPOSITORY} version',
-            f'{CHANNEL}@{__version__}',
+            f'{REPOSITORY.rpartition("/")[2]} version',
+            _make_label(ORIGIN, CHANNEL.partition('@')[2] or __version__, __version__),
             f'[{RELEASE_GIT_HEAD[:9]}]' if RELEASE_GIT_HEAD else '',
             '' if source == 'unknown' else f'({source})',
             '' if _IN_CLI else 'API' if klass == YoutubeDL else f'API:{self.__module__}.{klass.__qualname__}',
@@ -3825,13 +3968,8 @@ def get_encoding(stream):
             join_nonempty(*get_package_info(m)) for m in available_dependencies.values()
         })) or 'none'))
 
-        self._setup_opener()
-        proxy_map = {}
-        for handler in self._opener.handlers:
-            if hasattr(handler, 'proxies'):
-                proxy_map.update(handler.proxies)
-        write_debug(f'Proxy map: {proxy_map}')
-
+        write_debug(f'Proxy map: {self.proxies}')
+        write_debug(f'Request Handlers: {", ".join(rh.RH_NAME for rh in self._request_director.handlers.values())}')
         for plugin_type, plugins in {'Extractor': plugin_ies, 'Post-Processor': plugin_pps}.items():
             display_list = ['%s%s' % (
                 klass.__name__, '' if klass.__name__ == name else f' as {name}')
@@ -3859,58 +3997,115 @@ def get_encoding(stream):
                     'See https://yt-dl.org/update if you need help updating.' %
                     latest_version)
 
-    def _setup_opener(self):
-        if hasattr(self, '_opener'):
-            return
-        timeout_val = self.params.get('socket_timeout')
-        self._socket_timeout = 20 if timeout_val is None else float(timeout_val)
-
-        opts_cookiesfrombrowser = self.params.get('cookiesfrombrowser')
-        opts_cookiefile = self.params.get('cookiefile')
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def proxies(self):
+        """Global proxy configuration"""
         opts_proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
-
-        self.cookiejar = load_cookies(opts_cookiefile, opts_cookiesfrombrowser, self)
-
-        cookie_processor = YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(self.cookiejar)
         if opts_proxy is not None:
             if opts_proxy == '':
-                proxies = {}
-            else:
-                proxies = {'http': opts_proxy, 'https': opts_proxy}
+                opts_proxy = '__noproxy__'
+            proxies = {'all': opts_proxy}
         else:
             proxies = urllib.request.getproxies()
-            # Set HTTPS proxy to HTTP one if given (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/805)
+            # compat. Set HTTPS_PROXY to __noproxy__ to revert
             if 'http' in proxies and 'https' not in proxies:
                 proxies['https'] = proxies['http']
-        proxy_handler = PerRequestProxyHandler(proxies)
 
-        debuglevel = 1 if self.params.get('debug_printtraffic') else 0
-        https_handler = make_HTTPS_handler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
-        ydlh = YoutubeDLHandler(self.params, debuglevel=debuglevel)
-        redirect_handler = YoutubeDLRedirectHandler()
-        data_handler = urllib.request.DataHandler()
+        return proxies
 
-        # When passing our own FileHandler instance, build_opener won't add the
-        # default FileHandler and allows us to disable the file protocol, which
-        # can be used for malicious purposes (see
-        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8227)
-        file_handler = urllib.request.FileHandler()
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def cookiejar(self):
+        """Global cookiejar instance"""
+        return load_cookies(
+            self.params.get('cookiefile'), self.params.get('cookiesfrombrowser'), self)
 
-        if not self.params.get('enable_file_urls'):
-            def file_open(*args, **kwargs):
-                raise urllib.error.URLError(
-                    'file:// URLs are explicitly disabled in yt-dlp for security reasons. '
-                    'Use --enable-file-urls to enable at your own risk.')
-            file_handler.file_open = file_open
+    @property
+    def _opener(self):
+        """
+        Get a urllib OpenerDirector from the Urllib handler (deprecated).
+        """
+        self.deprecation_warning('YoutubeDL._opener is deprecated, use YoutubeDL.urlopen()')
+        handler = self._request_director.handlers['Urllib']
+        return handler._get_instance(cookiejar=self.cookiejar, proxies=self.proxies)
 
-        opener = urllib.request.build_opener(
-            proxy_handler, https_handler, cookie_processor, ydlh, redirect_handler, data_handler, file_handler)
+    def urlopen(self, req):
+        """ Start an HTTP download """
+        if isinstance(req, str):
+            req = Request(req)
+        elif isinstance(req, urllib.request.Request):
+            self.deprecation_warning(
+                'Passing a urllib.request.Request object to YoutubeDL.urlopen() is deprecated. '
+                'Use yt_dlp.networking.common.Request instead.')
+            req = urllib_req_to_req(req)
+        assert isinstance(req, Request)
 
-        # Delete the default user-agent header, which would otherwise apply in
-        # cases where our custom HTTP handler doesn't come into play
-        # (See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1309 for details)
-        opener.addheaders = []
-        self._opener = opener
+        # compat: Assume user:pass url params are basic auth
+        url, basic_auth_header = extract_basic_auth(req.url)
+        if basic_auth_header:
+            req.headers['Authorization'] = basic_auth_header
+        req.url = sanitize_url(url)
+
+        clean_proxies(proxies=req.proxies, headers=req.headers)
+        clean_headers(req.headers)
+
+        try:
+            return self._request_director.send(req)
+        except NoSupportingHandlers as e:
+            for ue in e.unsupported_errors:
+                if not (ue.handler and ue.msg):
+                    continue
+                if ue.handler.RH_KEY == 'Urllib' and 'unsupported url scheme: "file"' in ue.msg.lower():
+                    raise RequestError(
+                        'file:// URLs are disabled by default in yt-dlp for security reasons. '
+                        'Use --enable-file-urls to enable at your own risk.', cause=ue) from ue
+                if 'unsupported proxy type: "https"' in ue.msg.lower():
+                    raise RequestError(
+                        'To use an HTTPS proxy for this request, one of the following dependencies needs to be installed: requests')
+            raise
+        except SSLError as e:
+            if 'UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION_DISABLED' in str(e):
+                raise RequestError('UNSAFE_LEGACY_RENEGOTIATION_DISABLED: Try using --legacy-server-connect', cause=e) from e
+            elif 'SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE' in str(e):
+                raise RequestError(
+                    'SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE: The server may not support the current cipher list. '
+                    'Try using --legacy-server-connect', cause=e) from e
+            raise
+        except HTTPError as e:  # TODO: Remove in a future release
+            raise _CompatHTTPError(e) from e
+
+    def build_request_director(self, handlers, preferences=None):
+        logger = _YDLLogger(self)
+        headers = self.params['http_headers'].copy()
+        proxies = self.proxies.copy()
+        clean_headers(headers)
+        clean_proxies(proxies, headers)
+
+        director = RequestDirector(logger=logger, verbose=self.params.get('debug_printtraffic'))
+        for handler in handlers:
+            director.add_handler(handler(
+                logger=logger,
+                headers=headers,
+                cookiejar=self.cookiejar,
+                proxies=proxies,
+                prefer_system_certs='no-certifi' in self.params['compat_opts'],
+                verify=not self.params.get('nocheckcertificate'),
+                **traverse_obj(self.params, {
+                    'verbose': 'debug_printtraffic',
+                    'source_address': 'source_address',
+                    'timeout': 'socket_timeout',
+                    'legacy_ssl_support': 'legacyserverconnect',
+                    'enable_file_urls': 'enable_file_urls',
+                    'client_cert': {
+                        'client_certificate': 'client_certificate',
+                        'client_certificate_key': 'client_certificate_key',
+                        'client_certificate_password': 'client_certificate_password',
+                    },
+                }),
+            ))
+        director.preferences.update(preferences or [])
+        if 'prefer-legacy-http-handler' in self.params['compat_opts']:
+            director.preferences.add(lambda rh, _: 500 if rh.RH_KEY == 'Urllib' else 0)
+        return director
 
     def encode(self, s):
         if isinstance(s, bytes):
@@ -3984,7 +4179,7 @@ def _write_subtitles(self, info_dict, filename):
             # that way it will silently go on when used with unsupporting IE
             return ret
         elif not subtitles:
-            self.to_screen('[info] There\'s no subtitles for the requested languages')
+            self.to_screen('[info] There are no subtitles for the requested languages')
             return ret
         sub_filename_base = self.prepare_filename(info_dict, 'subtitle')
         if not sub_filename_base:
@@ -4032,13 +4227,13 @@ def _write_subtitles(self, info_dict, filename):
         return ret
 
     def _write_thumbnails(self, label, info_dict, filename, thumb_filename_base=None):
-        ''' Write thumbnails to file and return list of (thumb_filename, final_thumb_filename) '''
+        ''' Write thumbnails to file and return list of (thumb_filename, final_thumb_filename); or None if error '''
         write_all = self.params.get('write_all_thumbnails', False)
         thumbnails, ret = [], []
         if write_all or self.params.get('writethumbnail', False):
             thumbnails = info_dict.get('thumbnails') or []
             if not thumbnails:
-                self.to_screen(f'[info] There\'s no {label} thumbnails to download')
+                self.to_screen(f'[info] There are no {label} thumbnails to download')
                 return ret
         multiple = write_all and len(thumbnails) > 1
 
@@ -4048,6 +4243,9 @@ def _write_thumbnails(self, label, info_dict, filename, thumb_filename_base=None
             self.write_debug(f'Skipping writing {label} thumbnail')
             return ret
 
+        if thumbnails and not self._ensure_dir_exists(filename):
+            return None
+
         for idx, t in list(enumerate(thumbnails))[::-1]:
             thumb_ext = (f'{t["id"]}.' if multiple else '') + determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
             thumb_display_id = f'{label} thumbnail {t["id"]}'
@@ -4063,15 +4261,18 @@ def _write_thumbnails(self, label, info_dict, filename, thumb_filename_base=None
             else:
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Downloading {thumb_display_id} ...')
                 try:
-                    uf = self.urlopen(sanitized_Request(t['url'], headers=t.get('http_headers', {})))
+                    uf = self.urlopen(Request(t['url'], headers=t.get('http_headers', {})))
                     self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing {thumb_display_id} to: {thumb_filename}')
                     with open(encodeFilename(thumb_filename), 'wb') as thumbf:
                         shutil.copyfileobj(uf, thumbf)
                     ret.append((thumb_filename, thumb_filename_final))
                     t['filepath'] = thumb_filename
                 except network_exceptions as err:
+                    if isinstance(err, HTTPError) and err.status == 404:
+                        self.to_screen(f'[info] {thumb_display_id.title()} does not exist')
+                    else:
+                        self.report_warning(f'Unable to download {thumb_display_id}: {err}')
                     thumbnails.pop(idx)
-                    self.report_warning(f'Unable to download {thumb_display_id}: {err}')
             if ret and not write_all:
                 break
         return ret
diff --git a/yt_dlp/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
index bdac1212c..991dbcda7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 import os
 import re
 import sys
+import traceback
 
 from .compat import compat_shlex_quote
 from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS
@@ -56,11 +57,11 @@
     read_stdin,
     render_table,
     setproctitle,
-    std_headers,
     traverse_obj,
     variadic,
     write_string,
 )
+from .utils.networking import std_headers
 from .YoutubeDL import YoutubeDL
 
 _IN_CLI = False
@@ -187,8 +188,8 @@ def validate_minmax(min_val, max_val, min_name, max_name=None):
         raise ValueError(f'{max_name} "{max_val}" must be must be greater than or equal to {min_name} "{min_val}"')
 
     # Usernames and passwords
-    validate(not opts.usenetrc or (opts.username is None and opts.password is None),
-             '.netrc', msg='using {name} conflicts with giving username/password')
+    validate(sum(map(bool, (opts.usenetrc, opts.netrc_cmd, opts.username))) <= 1, '.netrc',
+             msg='{name}, netrc command and username/password are mutually exclusive options')
     validate(opts.password is None or opts.username is not None, 'account username', msg='{name} missing')
     validate(opts.ap_password is None or opts.ap_username is not None,
              'TV Provider account username', msg='{name} missing')
@@ -319,26 +320,49 @@ def validate_outtmpl(tmpl, msg):
         opts.skip_download = None
         del opts.outtmpl['default']
 
-    def parse_chapters(name, value):
-        chapters, ranges = [], []
+    def parse_chapters(name, value, advanced=False):
         parse_timestamp = lambda x: float('inf') if x in ('inf', 'infinite') else parse_duration(x)
-        for regex in value or []:
-            if regex.startswith('*'):
-                for range_ in map(str.strip, regex[1:].split(',')):
-                    mobj = range_ != '-' and re.fullmatch(r'([^-]+)?\s*-\s*([^-]+)?', range_)
-                    dur = mobj and (parse_timestamp(mobj.group(1) or '0'), parse_timestamp(mobj.group(2) or 'inf'))
-                    if None in (dur or [None]):
-                        raise ValueError(f'invalid {name} time range "{regex}". Must be of the form "*start-end"')
-                    ranges.append(dur)
-                continue
-            try:
-                chapters.append(re.compile(regex))
-            except re.error as err:
-                raise ValueError(f'invalid {name} regex "{regex}" - {err}')
-        return chapters, ranges
+        TIMESTAMP_RE = r'''(?x)(?:
+            (?P<start_sign>-?)(?P<start>[^-]+)
+        )?\s*-\s*(?:
+            (?P<end_sign>-?)(?P<end>[^-]+)
+        )?'''
 
-    opts.remove_chapters, opts.remove_ranges = parse_chapters('--remove-chapters', opts.remove_chapters)
-    opts.download_ranges = download_range_func(*parse_chapters('--download-sections', opts.download_ranges))
+        chapters, ranges, from_url = [], [], False
+        for regex in value or []:
+            if advanced and regex == '*from-url':
+                from_url = True
+                continue
+            elif not regex.startswith('*'):
+                try:
+                    chapters.append(re.compile(regex))
+                except re.error as err:
+                    raise ValueError(f'invalid {name} regex "{regex}" - {err}')
+                continue
+
+            for range_ in map(str.strip, regex[1:].split(',')):
+                mobj = range_ != '-' and re.fullmatch(TIMESTAMP_RE, range_)
+                dur = mobj and [parse_timestamp(mobj.group('start') or '0'), parse_timestamp(mobj.group('end') or 'inf')]
+                signs = mobj and (mobj.group('start_sign'), mobj.group('end_sign'))
+
+                err = None
+                if None in (dur or [None]):
+                    err = 'Must be of the form "*start-end"'
+                elif not advanced and any(signs):
+                    err = 'Negative timestamps are not allowed'
+                else:
+                    dur[0] *= -1 if signs[0] else 1
+                    dur[1] *= -1 if signs[1] else 1
+                    if dur[1] == float('-inf'):
+                        err = '"-inf" is not a valid end'
+                if err:
+                    raise ValueError(f'invalid {name} time range "{regex}". {err}')
+                ranges.append(dur)
+
+        return chapters, ranges, from_url
+
+    opts.remove_chapters, opts.remove_ranges, _ = parse_chapters('--remove-chapters', opts.remove_chapters)
+    opts.download_ranges = download_range_func(*parse_chapters('--download-sections', opts.download_ranges, True))
 
     # Cookies from browser
     if opts.cookiesfrombrowser:
@@ -396,12 +420,17 @@ def metadataparser_actions(f):
         except Exception as err:
             raise ValueError(f'Invalid playlist-items {opts.playlist_items!r}: {err}')
 
-    geo_bypass_code = opts.geo_bypass_ip_block or opts.geo_bypass_country
-    if geo_bypass_code is not None:
+    opts.geo_bypass_country, opts.geo_bypass_ip_block = None, None
+    if opts.geo_bypass.lower() not in ('default', 'never'):
         try:
-            GeoUtils.random_ipv4(geo_bypass_code)
+            GeoUtils.random_ipv4(opts.geo_bypass)
         except Exception:
-            raise ValueError('unsupported geo-bypass country or ip-block')
+            raise ValueError(f'Unsupported --xff "{opts.geo_bypass}"')
+        if len(opts.geo_bypass) == 2:
+            opts.geo_bypass_country = opts.geo_bypass
+        else:
+            opts.geo_bypass_ip_block = opts.geo_bypass
+    opts.geo_bypass = opts.geo_bypass.lower() != 'never'
 
     opts.match_filter = match_filter_func(opts.match_filter, opts.breaking_match_filter)
 
@@ -430,6 +459,10 @@ def metadataparser_actions(f):
         elif ed and proto == 'default':
             default_downloader = ed.get_basename()
 
+    for policy in opts.color.values():
+        if policy not in ('always', 'auto', 'no_color', 'never'):
+            raise ValueError(f'"{policy}" is not a valid color policy')
+
     warnings, deprecation_warnings = [], []
 
     # Common mistake: -f best
@@ -704,7 +737,8 @@ def parse_options(argv=None):
         'dumpjson', 'dump_single_json', 'getdescription', 'getduration', 'getfilename',
         'getformat', 'getid', 'getthumbnail', 'gettitle', 'geturl'
     ))
-    opts.quiet = opts.quiet or any_getting or opts.print_json or bool(opts.forceprint)
+    if opts.quiet is None:
+        opts.quiet = any_getting or opts.print_json or bool(opts.forceprint)
 
     playlist_pps = [pp for pp in postprocessors if pp.get('when') == 'playlist']
     write_playlist_infojson = (opts.writeinfojson and not opts.clean_infojson
@@ -730,6 +764,7 @@ def parse_options(argv=None):
     return ParsedOptions(parser, opts, urls, {
         'usenetrc': opts.usenetrc,
         'netrc_location': opts.netrc_location,
+        'netrc_cmd': opts.netrc_cmd,
         'username': opts.username,
         'password': opts.password,
         'twofactor': opts.twofactor,
@@ -887,7 +922,7 @@ def parse_options(argv=None):
         'playlist_items': opts.playlist_items,
         'xattr_set_filesize': opts.xattr_set_filesize,
         'match_filter': opts.match_filter,
-        'no_color': opts.no_color,
+        'color': opts.color,
         'ffmpeg_location': opts.ffmpeg_location,
         'hls_prefer_native': opts.hls_prefer_native,
         'hls_use_mpegts': opts.hls_use_mpegts,
@@ -931,14 +966,18 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
         if opts.rm_cachedir:
             ydl.cache.remove()
 
-        updater = Updater(ydl, opts.update_self if isinstance(opts.update_self, str) else None)
-        if opts.update_self and updater.update() and actual_use:
-            if updater.cmd:
-                return updater.restart()
-            # This code is reachable only for zip variant in py < 3.10
-            # It makes sense to exit here, but the old behavior is to continue
-            ydl.report_warning('Restart yt-dlp to use the updated version')
-            # return 100, 'ERROR: The program must exit for the update to complete'
+        try:
+            updater = Updater(ydl, opts.update_self)
+            if opts.update_self and updater.update() and actual_use:
+                if updater.cmd:
+                    return updater.restart()
+                # This code is reachable only for zip variant in py < 3.10
+                # It makes sense to exit here, but the old behavior is to continue
+                ydl.report_warning('Restart yt-dlp to use the updated version')
+                # return 100, 'ERROR: The program must exit for the update to complete'
+        except Exception:
+            traceback.print_exc()
+            ydl._download_retcode = 100
 
         if not actual_use:
             if pre_process:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/__pyinstaller/hook-yt_dlp.py b/yt_dlp/__pyinstaller/hook-yt_dlp.py
index 63dcdffe0..20f037d32 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/__pyinstaller/hook-yt_dlp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/__pyinstaller/hook-yt_dlp.py
@@ -18,11 +18,14 @@ def pycryptodome_module():
 
 
 def get_hidden_imports():
-    yield 'yt_dlp.compat._legacy'
+    yield from ('yt_dlp.compat._legacy', 'yt_dlp.compat._deprecated')
+    yield from ('yt_dlp.utils._legacy', 'yt_dlp.utils._deprecated')
     yield pycryptodome_module()
-    yield from collect_submodules('websockets')
+    # Only `websockets` is required, others are collected just in case
+    for module in ('websockets', 'requests', 'urllib3'):
+        yield from collect_submodules(module)
     # These are auto-detected, but explicitly add them just in case
-    yield from ('mutagen', 'brotli', 'certifi')
+    yield from ('mutagen', 'brotli', 'certifi', 'secretstorage')
 
 
 hiddenimports = list(get_hidden_imports())
diff --git a/yt_dlp/casefold.py b/yt_dlp/casefold.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..41a53e5b6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/casefold.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+import warnings
+
+warnings.warn(DeprecationWarning(f'{__name__} is deprecated'))
+
+casefold = str.casefold
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
index c6c02541c..5ad5c70ec 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 import os
 import sys
-import warnings
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
 
-from ._deprecated import *  # noqa: F401, F403
 from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
 
-# XXX: Implement this the same way as other DeprecationWarnings without circular import
-passthrough_module(__name__, '._legacy', callback=lambda attr: warnings.warn(
-    DeprecationWarning(f'{__name__}.{attr} is deprecated'), stacklevel=5))
+passthrough_module(__name__, '._deprecated')
+del passthrough_module
 
 
 # HTMLParseError has been deprecated in Python 3.3 and removed in
@@ -33,7 +30,7 @@ def compat_etree_fromstring(text):
 if compat_os_name == 'nt':
     def compat_shlex_quote(s):
         import re
-        return s if re.match(r'^[-_\w./]+$', s) else '"%s"' % s.replace('"', '\\"')
+        return s if re.match(r'^[-_\w./]+$', s) else s.replace('"', '""').join('""')
 else:
     from shlex import quote as compat_shlex_quote  # noqa: F401
 
@@ -70,3 +67,13 @@ def compat_expanduser(path):
         return userhome + path[i:]
 else:
     compat_expanduser = os.path.expanduser
+
+
+def urllib_req_to_req(urllib_request):
+    """Convert urllib Request to a networking Request"""
+    from ..networking import Request
+    from ..utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
+    return Request(
+        urllib_request.get_full_url(), data=urllib_request.data, method=urllib_request.get_method(),
+        headers=HTTPHeaderDict(urllib_request.headers, urllib_request.unredirected_hdrs),
+        extensions={'timeout': urllib_request.timeout} if hasattr(urllib_request, 'timeout') else None)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py b/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
index 342f1f80d..607bae999 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
@@ -1,4 +1,12 @@
 """Deprecated - New code should avoid these"""
+import warnings
+
+from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
+
+# XXX: Implement this the same way as other DeprecationWarnings without circular import
+passthrough_module(__name__, '.._legacy', callback=lambda attr: warnings.warn(
+    DeprecationWarning(f'{__name__}.{attr} is deprecated'), stacklevel=6))
+del passthrough_module
 
 import base64
 import urllib.error
@@ -8,7 +16,6 @@
 
 compat_b64decode = base64.b64decode
 
-compat_HTTPError = urllib.error.HTTPError
 compat_urlparse = urllib.parse
 compat_parse_qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs
 compat_urllib_parse_unquote = urllib.parse.unquote
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
index 83bf869a8..90ccf0f14 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 import shutil
 import socket
 import struct
+import subprocess
 import tokenize
 import urllib.error
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
-from subprocess import DEVNULL
 
 # isort: split
 import asyncio  # noqa: F401
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ def compat_setenv(key, value, env=os.environ):
 compat_HTMLParser = compat_html_parser_HTMLParser = html.parser.HTMLParser
 compat_http_client = http.client
 compat_http_server = http.server
+compat_HTTPError = urllib.error.HTTPError
 compat_input = input
 compat_integer_types = (int, )
 compat_itertools_count = itertools.count
@@ -84,7 +85,7 @@ def compat_setenv(key, value, env=os.environ):
 compat_Struct = struct.Struct
 compat_struct_pack = struct.pack
 compat_struct_unpack = struct.unpack
-compat_subprocess_get_DEVNULL = lambda: DEVNULL
+compat_subprocess_get_DEVNULL = lambda: subprocess.DEVNULL
 compat_tokenize_tokenize = tokenize.tokenize
 compat_urllib_error = urllib.error
 compat_urllib_HTTPError = urllib.error.HTTPError
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py b/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
index 3ca46d270..d62b7d048 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ def get_package_info(module):
         name=getattr(module, '_yt_dlp__identifier', module.__name__),
         version=str(next(filter(None, (
             getattr(module, attr, None)
-            for attr in ('__version__', 'version_string', 'version')
+            for attr in ('_yt_dlp__version', '__version__', 'version_string', 'version')
         )), None)))
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/types.py b/yt_dlp/compat/types.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4aa3b0efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/types.py
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+# flake8: noqa: F405
+from types import *  # noqa: F403
+
+from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
+
+passthrough_module(__name__, 'types')
+del passthrough_module
+
+try:
+    # NB: pypy has builtin NoneType, so checking NameError won't work
+    from types import NoneType  # >= 3.10
+except ImportError:
+    NoneType = type(None)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9084b3c2b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# flake8: noqa: F405
+from urllib import *  # noqa: F403
+
+del request  # noqa: F821
+from . import request  # noqa: F401
+
+from ..compat_utils import passthrough_module
+
+passthrough_module(__name__, 'urllib')
+del passthrough_module
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ff63b2f0e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+# flake8: noqa: F405
+from urllib.request import *  # noqa: F403
+
+from ..compat_utils import passthrough_module
+
+passthrough_module(__name__, 'urllib.request')
+del passthrough_module
+
+
+from .. import compat_os_name
+
+if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    # On older python versions, proxies are extracted from Windows registry erroneously. [1]
+    # If the https proxy in the registry does not have a scheme, urllib will incorrectly add https:// to it. [2]
+    # It is unlikely that the user has actually set it to be https, so we should be fine to safely downgrade
+    # it to http on these older python versions to avoid issues
+    # This also applies for ftp proxy type, as ftp:// proxy scheme is not supported.
+    # 1: https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/86793
+    # 2: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/51f1ae5ceb0673316c4e4b0175384e892e33cc6e/Lib/urllib/request.py#L2683-L2698
+    import sys
+    from urllib.request import getproxies_environment, getproxies_registry
+
+    def getproxies_registry_patched():
+        proxies = getproxies_registry()
+        if (
+            sys.version_info >= (3, 10, 5)  # https://docs.python.org/3.10/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-10-5-final
+            or (3, 9, 13) <= sys.version_info < (3, 10)  # https://docs.python.org/3.9/whatsnew/changelog.html#python-3-9-13-final
+        ):
+            return proxies
+
+        for scheme in ('https', 'ftp'):
+            if scheme in proxies and proxies[scheme].startswith(f'{scheme}://'):
+                proxies[scheme] = 'http' + proxies[scheme][len(scheme):]
+
+        return proxies
+
+    def getproxies():
+        return getproxies_environment() or getproxies_registry_patched()
+
+del compat_os_name
diff --git a/yt_dlp/cookies.py b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
index 4cafb522e..a71fbc28b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/cookies.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
@@ -1,7 +1,9 @@
 import base64
+import collections
 import contextlib
 import http.cookiejar
 import http.cookies
+import io
 import json
 import os
 import re
@@ -11,6 +13,7 @@
 import sys
 import tempfile
 import time
+import urllib.request
 from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
 from enum import Enum, auto
 from hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac
@@ -29,36 +32,24 @@
 from .minicurses import MultilinePrinter, QuietMultilinePrinter
 from .utils import (
     Popen,
-    YoutubeDLCookieJar,
     error_to_str,
     expand_path,
     is_path_like,
+    sanitize_url,
+    str_or_none,
     try_call,
+    write_string,
 )
+from .utils._utils import _YDLLogger
+from .utils.networking import normalize_url
 
 CHROMIUM_BASED_BROWSERS = {'brave', 'chrome', 'chromium', 'edge', 'opera', 'vivaldi'}
 SUPPORTED_BROWSERS = CHROMIUM_BASED_BROWSERS | {'firefox', 'safari'}
 
 
-class YDLLogger:
-    def __init__(self, ydl=None):
-        self._ydl = ydl
-
-    def debug(self, message):
-        if self._ydl:
-            self._ydl.write_debug(message)
-
-    def info(self, message):
-        if self._ydl:
-            self._ydl.to_screen(f'[Cookies] {message}')
-
-    def warning(self, message, only_once=False):
-        if self._ydl:
-            self._ydl.report_warning(message, only_once)
-
-    def error(self, message):
-        if self._ydl:
-            self._ydl.report_error(message)
+class YDLLogger(_YDLLogger):
+    def warning(self, message, only_once=False):  # compat
+        return super().warning(message, once=only_once)
 
     class ProgressBar(MultilinePrinter):
         _DELAY, _timer = 0.1, 0
@@ -106,7 +97,7 @@ def load_cookies(cookie_file, browser_specification, ydl):
 
         jar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(cookie_file)
         if not is_filename or os.access(cookie_file, os.R_OK):
-            jar.load(ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
+            jar.load()
         cookie_jars.append(jar)
 
     return _merge_cookie_jars(cookie_jars)
@@ -147,7 +138,7 @@ def _extract_firefox_cookies(profile, container, logger):
         containers_path = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(cookie_database_path), 'containers.json')
         if not os.path.isfile(containers_path) or not os.access(containers_path, os.R_OK):
             raise FileNotFoundError(f'could not read containers.json in {search_root}')
-        with open(containers_path) as containers:
+        with open(containers_path, encoding='utf8') as containers:
             identities = json.load(containers).get('identities', [])
         container_id = next((context.get('userContextId') for context in identities if container in (
             context.get('name'),
@@ -347,7 +338,9 @@ class ChromeCookieDecryptor:
         Linux:
         - cookies are either v10 or v11
             - v10: AES-CBC encrypted with a fixed key
+                - also attempts empty password if decryption fails
             - v11: AES-CBC encrypted with an OS protected key (keyring)
+                - also attempts empty password if decryption fails
             - v11 keys can be stored in various places depending on the activate desktop environment [2]
 
         Mac:
@@ -362,7 +355,7 @@ class ChromeCookieDecryptor:
 
     Sources:
     - [1] https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/
-    - [2] https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/key_storage_linux.cc
+    - [2] https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/key_storage_linux.cc
         - KeyStorageLinux::CreateService
     """
 
@@ -384,6 +377,7 @@ class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
     def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None):
         self._logger = logger
         self._v10_key = self.derive_key(b'peanuts')
+        self._empty_key = self.derive_key(b'')
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'v11': 0, 'other': 0}
         self._browser_keyring_name = browser_keyring_name
         self._keyring = keyring
@@ -396,25 +390,36 @@ def _v11_key(self):
     @staticmethod
     def derive_key(password):
         # values from
-        # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/os_crypt_linux.cc
+        # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/os_crypt_linux.cc
         return pbkdf2_sha1(password, salt=b'saltysalt', iterations=1, key_length=16)
 
     def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
+        """
+
+        following the same approach as the fix in [1]: if cookies fail to decrypt then attempt to decrypt
+        with an empty password. The failure detection is not the same as what chromium uses so the
+        results won't be perfect
+
+        References:
+            - [1] https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/bbd54702284caca1f92d656fdcadf2ccca6f4165%5E%21/
+                - a bugfix to try an empty password as a fallback
+        """
         version = encrypted_value[:3]
         ciphertext = encrypted_value[3:]
 
         if version == b'v10':
             self._cookie_counts['v10'] += 1
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc(ciphertext, self._v10_key, self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
 
         elif version == b'v11':
             self._cookie_counts['v11'] += 1
             if self._v11_key is None:
                 self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v11 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                 return None
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc(ciphertext, self._v11_key, self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v11_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
 
         else:
+            self._logger.warning(f'unknown cookie version: "{version}"', only_once=True)
             self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
             return None
 
@@ -429,7 +434,7 @@ def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger):
     @staticmethod
     def derive_key(password):
         # values from
-        # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/os_crypt_mac.mm
+        # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/os_crypt_mac.mm
         return pbkdf2_sha1(password, salt=b'saltysalt', iterations=1003, key_length=16)
 
     def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
@@ -442,12 +447,12 @@ def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
                 self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v10 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                 return None
 
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc(ciphertext, self._v10_key, self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key,), self._logger)
 
         else:
             self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
             # other prefixes are considered 'old data' which were stored as plaintext
-            # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/os_crypt_mac.mm
+            # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/os_crypt_mac.mm
             return encrypted_value
 
 
@@ -467,7 +472,7 @@ def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
                 self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v10 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                 return None
 
-            # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/os_crypt_win.cc
+            # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/os_crypt_win.cc
             #   kNonceLength
             nonce_length = 96 // 8
             # boringssl
@@ -484,23 +489,27 @@ def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
         else:
             self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
             # any other prefix means the data is DPAPI encrypted
-            # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/os_crypt_win.cc
+            # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/os_crypt_win.cc
             return _decrypt_windows_dpapi(encrypted_value, self._logger).decode()
 
 
 def _extract_safari_cookies(profile, logger):
-    if profile is not None:
-        logger.error('safari does not support profiles')
     if sys.platform != 'darwin':
         raise ValueError(f'unsupported platform: {sys.platform}')
 
-    cookies_path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Cookies/Cookies.binarycookies')
-
-    if not os.path.isfile(cookies_path):
-        logger.debug('Trying secondary cookie location')
-        cookies_path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Containers/com.apple.Safari/Data/Library/Cookies/Cookies.binarycookies')
+    if profile:
+        cookies_path = os.path.expanduser(profile)
         if not os.path.isfile(cookies_path):
-            raise FileNotFoundError('could not find safari cookies database')
+            raise FileNotFoundError('custom safari cookies database not found')
+
+    else:
+        cookies_path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Cookies/Cookies.binarycookies')
+
+        if not os.path.isfile(cookies_path):
+            logger.debug('Trying secondary cookie location')
+            cookies_path = os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Containers/com.apple.Safari/Data/Library/Cookies/Cookies.binarycookies')
+            if not os.path.isfile(cookies_path):
+                raise FileNotFoundError('could not find safari cookies database')
 
     with open(cookies_path, 'rb') as f:
         cookies_data = f.read()
@@ -663,19 +672,27 @@ class _LinuxDesktopEnvironment(Enum):
     """
     OTHER = auto()
     CINNAMON = auto()
+    DEEPIN = auto()
     GNOME = auto()
-    KDE = auto()
+    KDE3 = auto()
+    KDE4 = auto()
+    KDE5 = auto()
+    KDE6 = auto()
     PANTHEON = auto()
+    UKUI = auto()
     UNITY = auto()
     XFCE = auto()
+    LXQT = auto()
 
 
 class _LinuxKeyring(Enum):
     """
-    https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/key_storage_util_linux.h
+    https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/key_storage_util_linux.h
     SelectedLinuxBackend
     """
-    KWALLET = auto()
+    KWALLET = auto()  # KDE4
+    KWALLET5 = auto()
+    KWALLET6 = auto()
     GNOMEKEYRING = auto()
     BASICTEXT = auto()
 
@@ -683,7 +700,7 @@ class _LinuxKeyring(Enum):
 SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS = _LinuxKeyring.__members__.keys()
 
 
-def _get_linux_desktop_environment(env):
+def _get_linux_desktop_environment(env, logger):
     """
     https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/base/nix/xdg_util.cc
     GetDesktopEnvironment
@@ -698,51 +715,97 @@ def _get_linux_desktop_environment(env):
                 return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
             else:
                 return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UNITY
+        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'Deepin':
+            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.DEEPIN
         elif xdg_current_desktop == 'GNOME':
             return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
         elif xdg_current_desktop == 'X-Cinnamon':
             return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.CINNAMON
         elif xdg_current_desktop == 'KDE':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE
+            kde_version = env.get('KDE_SESSION_VERSION', None)
+            if kde_version == '5':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE5
+            elif kde_version == '6':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE6
+            elif kde_version == '4':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+            else:
+                logger.info(f'unknown KDE version: "{kde_version}". Assuming KDE4')
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
         elif xdg_current_desktop == 'Pantheon':
             return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.PANTHEON
         elif xdg_current_desktop == 'XFCE':
             return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE
+        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'UKUI':
+            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI
+        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'LXQt':
+            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT
+        else:
+            logger.info(f'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP is set to an unknown value: "{xdg_current_desktop}"')
+
     elif desktop_session is not None:
-        if desktop_session in ('mate', 'gnome'):
+        if desktop_session == 'deepin':
+            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.DEEPIN
+        elif desktop_session in ('mate', 'gnome'):
             return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
-        elif 'kde' in desktop_session:
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE
-        elif 'xfce' in desktop_session:
+        elif desktop_session in ('kde4', 'kde-plasma'):
+            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+        elif desktop_session == 'kde':
+            if 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION' in env:
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+            else:
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3
+        elif 'xfce' in desktop_session or desktop_session == 'xubuntu':
             return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE
+        elif desktop_session == 'ukui':
+            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI
+        else:
+            logger.info(f'DESKTOP_SESSION is set to an unknown value: "{desktop_session}"')
+
     else:
         if 'GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID' in env:
             return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
         elif 'KDE_FULL_SESSION' in env:
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE
+            if 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION' in env:
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+            else:
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3
     return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER
 
 
 def _choose_linux_keyring(logger):
     """
-    https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/key_storage_util_linux.cc
-    SelectBackend
+    SelectBackend in [1]
+
+    There is currently support for forcing chromium to use BASIC_TEXT by creating a file called
+    `Disable Local Encryption` [1] in the user data dir. The function to write this file (`WriteBackendUse()` [1])
+    does not appear to be called anywhere other than in tests, so the user would have to create this file manually
+    and so would be aware enough to tell yt-dlp to use the BASIC_TEXT keyring.
+
+    References:
+        - [1] https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/key_storage_util_linux.cc
     """
-    desktop_environment = _get_linux_desktop_environment(os.environ)
+    desktop_environment = _get_linux_desktop_environment(os.environ, logger)
     logger.debug(f'detected desktop environment: {desktop_environment.name}')
-    if desktop_environment == _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE:
+    if desktop_environment == _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4:
         linux_keyring = _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET
-    elif desktop_environment == _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER:
+    elif desktop_environment == _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE5:
+        linux_keyring = _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET5
+    elif desktop_environment == _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE6:
+        linux_keyring = _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET6
+    elif desktop_environment in (
+        _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER
+    ):
         linux_keyring = _LinuxKeyring.BASICTEXT
     else:
         linux_keyring = _LinuxKeyring.GNOMEKEYRING
     return linux_keyring
 
 
-def _get_kwallet_network_wallet(logger):
+def _get_kwallet_network_wallet(keyring, logger):
     """ The name of the wallet used to store network passwords.
 
-    https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/kwallet_dbus.cc
+    https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/kwallet_dbus.cc
     KWalletDBus::NetworkWallet
     which does a dbus call to the following function:
     https://api.kde.org/frameworks/kwallet/html/classKWallet_1_1Wallet.html
@@ -750,10 +813,22 @@ def _get_kwallet_network_wallet(logger):
     """
     default_wallet = 'kdewallet'
     try:
+        if keyring == _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET:
+            service_name = 'org.kde.kwalletd'
+            wallet_path = '/modules/kwalletd'
+        elif keyring == _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET5:
+            service_name = 'org.kde.kwalletd5'
+            wallet_path = '/modules/kwalletd5'
+        elif keyring == _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET6:
+            service_name = 'org.kde.kwalletd6'
+            wallet_path = '/modules/kwalletd6'
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(keyring)
+
         stdout, _, returncode = Popen.run([
             'dbus-send', '--session', '--print-reply=literal',
-            '--dest=org.kde.kwalletd5',
-            '/modules/kwalletd5',
+            f'--dest={service_name}',
+            wallet_path,
             'org.kde.KWallet.networkWallet'
         ], text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
 
@@ -768,8 +843,8 @@ def _get_kwallet_network_wallet(logger):
         return default_wallet
 
 
-def _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, logger):
-    logger.debug('using kwallet-query to obtain password from kwallet')
+def _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, keyring, logger):
+    logger.debug(f'using kwallet-query to obtain password from {keyring.name}')
 
     if shutil.which('kwallet-query') is None:
         logger.error('kwallet-query command not found. KWallet and kwallet-query '
@@ -777,7 +852,7 @@ def _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, logger):
                      'included in the kwallet package for your distribution')
         return b''
 
-    network_wallet = _get_kwallet_network_wallet(logger)
+    network_wallet = _get_kwallet_network_wallet(keyring, logger)
 
     try:
         stdout, _, returncode = Popen.run([
@@ -799,8 +874,9 @@ def _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, logger):
                 # checks hasEntry. To verify this:
                 # dbus-monitor "interface='org.kde.KWallet'" "type=method_return"
                 # while starting chrome.
-                # this may be a bug as the intended behaviour is to generate a random password and store
-                # it, but that doesn't matter here.
+                # this was identified as a bug later and fixed in
+                # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/bbd54702284caca1f92d656fdcadf2ccca6f4165%5E%21/#F0
+                # https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/5463af3c39d7f5b6d11db7fbd51e38cc1974d764
                 return b''
             else:
                 logger.debug('password found')
@@ -838,8 +914,8 @@ def _get_linux_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, keyring, logger):
     keyring = _LinuxKeyring[keyring] if keyring else _choose_linux_keyring(logger)
     logger.debug(f'Chosen keyring: {keyring.name}')
 
-    if keyring == _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET:
-        return _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, logger)
+    if keyring in (_LinuxKeyring.KWALLET, _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET5, _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET6):
+        return _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, keyring, logger)
     elif keyring == _LinuxKeyring.GNOMEKEYRING:
         return _get_gnome_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, logger)
     elif keyring == _LinuxKeyring.BASICTEXT:
@@ -867,6 +943,10 @@ def _get_mac_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, logger):
 
 
 def _get_windows_v10_key(browser_root, logger):
+    """
+    References:
+        - [1] https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/components/os_crypt/sync/os_crypt_win.cc
+    """
     path = _find_most_recently_used_file(browser_root, 'Local State', logger)
     if path is None:
         logger.error('could not find local state file')
@@ -875,11 +955,13 @@ def _get_windows_v10_key(browser_root, logger):
     with open(path, encoding='utf8') as f:
         data = json.load(f)
     try:
+        # kOsCryptEncryptedKeyPrefName in [1]
         base64_key = data['os_crypt']['encrypted_key']
     except KeyError:
         logger.error('no encrypted key in Local State')
         return None
     encrypted_key = base64.b64decode(base64_key)
+    # kDPAPIKeyPrefix in [1]
     prefix = b'DPAPI'
     if not encrypted_key.startswith(prefix):
         logger.error('invalid key')
@@ -891,13 +973,15 @@ def pbkdf2_sha1(password, salt, iterations, key_length):
     return pbkdf2_hmac('sha1', password, salt, iterations, key_length)
 
 
-def _decrypt_aes_cbc(ciphertext, key, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16):
-    plaintext = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(ciphertext, key, initialization_vector))
-    try:
-        return plaintext.decode()
-    except UnicodeDecodeError:
-        logger.warning('failed to decrypt cookie (AES-CBC) because UTF-8 decoding failed. Possibly the key is wrong?', only_once=True)
-        return None
+def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16):
+    for key in keys:
+        plaintext = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(ciphertext, key, initialization_vector))
+        try:
+            return plaintext.decode()
+        except UnicodeDecodeError:
+            pass
+    logger.warning('failed to decrypt cookie (AES-CBC) because UTF-8 decoding failed. Possibly the key is wrong?', only_once=True)
+    return None
 
 
 def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger):
@@ -1091,3 +1175,150 @@ def load(self, data):
 
             else:
                 morsel = None
+
+
+class YoutubeDLCookieJar(http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):
+    """
+    See [1] for cookie file format.
+
+    1. https://curl.haxx.se/docs/http-cookies.html
+    """
+    _HTTPONLY_PREFIX = '#HttpOnly_'
+    _ENTRY_LEN = 7
+    _HEADER = '''# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
+# This file is generated by yt-dlp.  Do not edit.
+
+'''
+    _CookieFileEntry = collections.namedtuple(
+        'CookieFileEntry',
+        ('domain_name', 'include_subdomains', 'path', 'https_only', 'expires_at', 'name', 'value'))
+
+    def __init__(self, filename=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(None, *args, **kwargs)
+        if is_path_like(filename):
+            filename = os.fspath(filename)
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _true_or_false(cndn):
+        return 'TRUE' if cndn else 'FALSE'
+
+    @contextlib.contextmanager
+    def open(self, file, *, write=False):
+        if is_path_like(file):
+            with open(file, 'w' if write else 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
+                yield f
+        else:
+            if write:
+                file.truncate(0)
+            yield file
+
+    def _really_save(self, f, ignore_discard, ignore_expires):
+        now = time.time()
+        for cookie in self:
+            if (not ignore_discard and cookie.discard
+                    or not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now)):
+                continue
+            name, value = cookie.name, cookie.value
+            if value is None:
+                # cookies.txt regards 'Set-Cookie: foo' as a cookie
+                # with no name, whereas http.cookiejar regards it as a
+                # cookie with no value.
+                name, value = '', name
+            f.write('%s\n' % '\t'.join((
+                cookie.domain,
+                self._true_or_false(cookie.domain.startswith('.')),
+                cookie.path,
+                self._true_or_false(cookie.secure),
+                str_or_none(cookie.expires, default=''),
+                name, value
+            )))
+
+    def save(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True):
+        """
+        Save cookies to a file.
+        Code is taken from CPython 3.6
+        https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/8d999cbf4adea053be6dbb612b9844635c4dfb8e/Lib/http/cookiejar.py#L2091-L2117 """
+
+        if filename is None:
+            if self.filename is not None:
+                filename = self.filename
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(http.cookiejar.MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
+
+        # Store session cookies with `expires` set to 0 instead of an empty string
+        for cookie in self:
+            if cookie.expires is None:
+                cookie.expires = 0
+
+        with self.open(filename, write=True) as f:
+            f.write(self._HEADER)
+            self._really_save(f, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
+
+    def load(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True):
+        """Load cookies from a file."""
+        if filename is None:
+            if self.filename is not None:
+                filename = self.filename
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(http.cookiejar.MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
+
+        def prepare_line(line):
+            if line.startswith(self._HTTPONLY_PREFIX):
+                line = line[len(self._HTTPONLY_PREFIX):]
+            # comments and empty lines are fine
+            if line.startswith('#') or not line.strip():
+                return line
+            cookie_list = line.split('\t')
+            if len(cookie_list) != self._ENTRY_LEN:
+                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError('invalid length %d' % len(cookie_list))
+            cookie = self._CookieFileEntry(*cookie_list)
+            if cookie.expires_at and not cookie.expires_at.isdigit():
+                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError('invalid expires at %s' % cookie.expires_at)
+            return line
+
+        cf = io.StringIO()
+        with self.open(filename) as f:
+            for line in f:
+                try:
+                    cf.write(prepare_line(line))
+                except http.cookiejar.LoadError as e:
+                    if f'{line.strip()} '[0] in '[{"':
+                        raise http.cookiejar.LoadError(
+                            'Cookies file must be Netscape formatted, not JSON. See  '
+                            'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp')
+                    write_string(f'WARNING: skipping cookie file entry due to {e}: {line!r}\n')
+                    continue
+        cf.seek(0)
+        self._really_load(cf, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
+        # Session cookies are denoted by either `expires` field set to
+        # an empty string or 0. MozillaCookieJar only recognizes the former
+        # (see [1]). So we need force the latter to be recognized as session
+        # cookies on our own.
+        # Session cookies may be important for cookies-based authentication,
+        # e.g. usually, when user does not check 'Remember me' check box while
+        # logging in on a site, some important cookies are stored as session
+        # cookies so that not recognizing them will result in failed login.
+        # 1. https://bugs.python.org/issue17164
+        for cookie in self:
+            # Treat `expires=0` cookies as session cookies
+            if cookie.expires == 0:
+                cookie.expires = None
+                cookie.discard = True
+
+    def get_cookie_header(self, url):
+        """Generate a Cookie HTTP header for a given url"""
+        cookie_req = urllib.request.Request(normalize_url(sanitize_url(url)))
+        self.add_cookie_header(cookie_req)
+        return cookie_req.get_header('Cookie')
+
+    def get_cookies_for_url(self, url):
+        """Generate a list of Cookie objects for a given url"""
+        # Policy `_now` attribute must be set before calling `_cookies_for_request`
+        # Ref: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.7/Lib/http/cookiejar.py#L1360
+        self._policy._now = self._now = int(time.time())
+        return self._cookies_for_request(urllib.request.Request(normalize_url(sanitize_url(url))))
+
+    def clear(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        with contextlib.suppress(KeyError):
+            return super().clear(*args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/dependencies/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/dependencies/__init__.py
index 6e7d29c5c..ef83739a3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/dependencies/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/dependencies/__init__.py
@@ -43,6 +43,8 @@
 
 try:
     import sqlite3
+    # We need to get the underlying `sqlite` version, see https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8152
+    sqlite3._yt_dlp__version = sqlite3.sqlite_version
 except ImportError:
     # although sqlite3 is part of the standard library, it is possible to compile python without
     # sqlite support. See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/544
@@ -56,6 +58,15 @@
     # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2633
     websockets = None
 
+try:
+    import urllib3
+except ImportError:
+    urllib3 = None
+
+try:
+    import requests
+except ImportError:
+    requests = None
 
 try:
     import xattr  # xattr or pyxattr
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py
index c34dbcea9..51a9f28f0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def get_suitable_downloader(info_dict, params={}, default=NO_DEFAULT, protocol=N
 from .http import HttpFD
 from .ism import IsmFD
 from .mhtml import MhtmlFD
-from .niconico import NiconicoDmcFD
+from .niconico import NiconicoDmcFD, NiconicoLiveFD
 from .rtmp import RtmpFD
 from .rtsp import RtspFD
 from .websocket import WebSocketFragmentFD
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ def get_suitable_downloader(info_dict, params={}, default=NO_DEFAULT, protocol=N
     'ism': IsmFD,
     'mhtml': MhtmlFD,
     'niconico_dmc': NiconicoDmcFD,
+    'niconico_live': NiconicoLiveFD,
     'fc2_live': FC2LiveFD,
     'websocket_frag': WebSocketFragmentFD,
     'youtube_live_chat': YoutubeLiveChatFD,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
index 077b29b41..b71d7ee8f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
@@ -49,10 +49,10 @@ class FileDownloader:
     verbose:            Print additional info to stdout.
     quiet:              Do not print messages to stdout.
     ratelimit:          Download speed limit, in bytes/sec.
-    continuedl:         Attempt to continue downloads if possible
     throttledratelimit: Assume the download is being throttled below this speed (bytes/sec)
-    retries:            Number of times to retry for HTTP error 5xx
-    file_access_retries:   Number of times to retry on file access error
+    retries:            Number of times to retry for expected network errors.
+                        Default is 0 for API, but 10 for CLI
+    file_access_retries:   Number of times to retry on file access error (default: 3)
     buffersize:         Size of download buffer in bytes.
     noresizebuffer:     Do not automatically resize the download buffer.
     continuedl:         Try to continue downloads if possible.
@@ -138,17 +138,21 @@ def calc_percent(byte_counter, data_len):
     def format_percent(percent):
         return '  N/A%' if percent is None else f'{percent:>5.1f}%'
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def calc_eta(start, now, total, current):
+    @classmethod
+    def calc_eta(cls, start_or_rate, now_or_remaining, total=NO_DEFAULT, current=NO_DEFAULT):
+        if total is NO_DEFAULT:
+            rate, remaining = start_or_rate, now_or_remaining
+            if None in (rate, remaining):
+                return None
+            return int(float(remaining) / rate)
+
+        start, now = start_or_rate, now_or_remaining
         if total is None:
             return None
         if now is None:
             now = time.time()
-        dif = now - start
-        if current == 0 or dif < 0.001:  # One millisecond
-            return None
-        rate = float(current) / dif
-        return int((float(total) - float(current)) / rate)
+        rate = cls.calc_speed(start, now, current)
+        return rate and int((float(total) - float(current)) / rate)
 
     @staticmethod
     def calc_speed(start, now, bytes):
@@ -165,6 +169,12 @@ def format_speed(speed):
     def format_retries(retries):
         return 'inf' if retries == float('inf') else int(retries)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def filesize_or_none(unencoded_filename):
+        if os.path.isfile(unencoded_filename):
+            return os.path.getsize(unencoded_filename)
+        return 0
+
     @staticmethod
     def best_block_size(elapsed_time, bytes):
         new_min = max(bytes / 2.0, 1.0)
@@ -225,7 +235,7 @@ def error_callback(err, count, retries, *, fd):
                 sleep_func=fd.params.get('retry_sleep_functions', {}).get('file_access'))
 
         def wrapper(self, func, *args, **kwargs):
-            for retry in RetryManager(self.params.get('file_access_retries'), error_callback, fd=self):
+            for retry in RetryManager(self.params.get('file_access_retries', 3), error_callback, fd=self):
                 try:
                     return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
                 except OSError as err:
@@ -245,7 +255,8 @@ def sanitize_open(self, filename, open_mode):
 
     @wrap_file_access('remove')
     def try_remove(self, filename):
-        os.remove(filename)
+        if os.path.isfile(filename):
+            os.remove(filename)
 
     @wrap_file_access('rename')
     def try_rename(self, old_filename, new_filename):
@@ -285,7 +296,8 @@ def _prepare_multiline_status(self, lines=1):
             self._multiline = BreaklineStatusPrinter(self.ydl._out_files.out, lines)
         else:
             self._multiline = MultilinePrinter(self.ydl._out_files.out, lines, not self.params.get('quiet'))
-        self._multiline.allow_colors = self._multiline._HAVE_FULLCAP and not self.params.get('no_color')
+        self._multiline.allow_colors = self.ydl._allow_colors.out and self.ydl._allow_colors.out != 'no_color'
+        self._multiline._HAVE_FULLCAP = self.ydl._allow_colors.out
 
     def _finish_multiline_status(self):
         self._multiline.end()
@@ -407,7 +419,6 @@ def download(self, filename, info_dict, subtitle=False):
         """Download to a filename using the info from info_dict
         Return True on success and False otherwise
         """
-
         nooverwrites_and_exists = (
             not self.params.get('overwrites', True)
             and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/dash.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/dash.py
index 4328d739c..afc79b6ca 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/dash.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/dash.py
@@ -15,12 +15,15 @@ class DashSegmentsFD(FragmentFD):
     FD_NAME = 'dashsegments'
 
     def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
-        if info_dict.get('is_live') and set(info_dict['protocol'].split('+')) != {'http_dash_segments_generator'}:
-            self.report_error('Live DASH videos are not supported')
+        if 'http_dash_segments_generator' in info_dict['protocol'].split('+'):
+            real_downloader = None  # No external FD can support --live-from-start
+        else:
+            if info_dict.get('is_live'):
+                self.report_error('Live DASH videos are not supported')
+            real_downloader = get_suitable_downloader(
+                info_dict, self.params, None, protocol='dash_frag_urls', to_stdout=(filename == '-'))
 
         real_start = time.time()
-        real_downloader = get_suitable_downloader(
-            info_dict, self.params, None, protocol='dash_frag_urls', to_stdout=(filename == '-'))
 
         requested_formats = [{**info_dict, **fmt} for fmt in info_dict.get('requested_formats', [])]
         args = []
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
index ee130c827..ce5eeb0a9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import enum
 import json
-import os.path
+import os
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
+import tempfile
 import time
 import uuid
 
 from .fragment import FragmentFD
 from ..compat import functools
+from ..networking import Request
 from ..postprocessor.ffmpeg import EXT_TO_OUT_FORMATS, FFmpegPostProcessor
 from ..utils import (
     Popen,
@@ -23,9 +25,7 @@
     encodeArgument,
     encodeFilename,
     find_available_port,
-    handle_youtubedl_headers,
     remove_end,
-    sanitized_Request,
     traverse_obj,
 )
 
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
     def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
         self.report_destination(filename)
         tmpfilename = self.temp_name(filename)
+        self._cookies_tempfile = None
 
         try:
             started = time.time()
@@ -55,6 +56,9 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
             # should take place
             retval = 0
             self.to_screen('[%s] Interrupted by user' % self.get_basename())
+        finally:
+            if self._cookies_tempfile:
+                self.try_remove(self._cookies_tempfile)
 
         if retval == 0:
             status = {
@@ -126,6 +130,16 @@ def _configuration_args(self, keys=None, *args, **kwargs):
             self.get_basename(), self.params.get('external_downloader_args'), self.EXE_NAME,
             keys, *args, **kwargs)
 
+    def _write_cookies(self):
+        if not self.ydl.cookiejar.filename:
+            tmp_cookies = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(suffix='.cookies', delete=False)
+            tmp_cookies.close()
+            self._cookies_tempfile = tmp_cookies.name
+            self.to_screen(f'[download] Writing temporary cookies file to "{self._cookies_tempfile}"')
+        # real_download resets _cookies_tempfile; if it's None then save() will write to cookiejar.filename
+        self.ydl.cookiejar.save(self._cookies_tempfile)
+        return self.ydl.cookiejar.filename or self._cookies_tempfile
+
     def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         """ Either overwrite this or implement _make_cmd """
         cmd = [encodeArgument(a) for a in self._make_cmd(tmpfilename, info_dict)]
@@ -185,6 +199,9 @@ class CurlFD(ExternalFD):
 
     def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         cmd = [self.exe, '--location', '-o', tmpfilename, '--compressed']
+        cookie_header = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url'])
+        if cookie_header:
+            cmd += ['--cookie', cookie_header]
         if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
             for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
                 cmd += ['--header', f'{key}: {val}']
@@ -215,6 +232,9 @@ def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
             for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
                 cmd += ['-H', f'{key}: {val}']
+        cookie_header = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url'])
+        if cookie_header:
+            cmd += ['-H', f'Cookie: {cookie_header}', '--max-redirect=0']
         cmd += self._configuration_args()
         cmd += ['--', info_dict['url']]
         return cmd
@@ -224,7 +244,9 @@ class WgetFD(ExternalFD):
     AVAILABLE_OPT = '--version'
 
     def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
-        cmd = [self.exe, '-O', tmpfilename, '-nv', '--no-cookies', '--compression=auto']
+        cmd = [self.exe, '-O', tmpfilename, '-nv', '--compression=auto']
+        if self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url']):
+            cmd += ['--load-cookies', self._write_cookies()]
         if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
             for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
                 cmd += ['--header', f'{key}: {val}']
@@ -272,7 +294,7 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         return super()._call_downloader(tmpfilename, info_dict)
 
     def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
-        cmd = [self.exe, '-c',
+        cmd = [self.exe, '-c', '--no-conf',
                '--console-log-level=warn', '--summary-interval=0', '--download-result=hide',
                '--http-accept-gzip=true', '--file-allocation=none', '-x16', '-j16', '-s16']
         if 'fragments' in info_dict:
@@ -280,6 +302,8 @@ def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         else:
             cmd += ['--min-split-size', '1M']
 
+        if self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url']):
+            cmd += [f'--load-cookies={self._write_cookies()}']
         if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
             for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
                 cmd += ['--header', f'{key}: {val}']
@@ -311,7 +335,7 @@ def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         cmd += ['--auto-file-renaming=false']
 
         if 'fragments' in info_dict:
-            cmd += ['--file-allocation=none', '--uri-selector=inorder']
+            cmd += ['--uri-selector=inorder']
             url_list_file = '%s.frag.urls' % tmpfilename
             url_list = []
             for frag_index, fragment in enumerate(info_dict['fragments']):
@@ -334,13 +358,12 @@ def aria2c_rpc(self, rpc_port, rpc_secret, method, params=()):
             'method': method,
             'params': [f'token:{rpc_secret}', *params],
         }).encode('utf-8')
-        request = sanitized_Request(
+        request = Request(
             f'http://localhost:{rpc_port}/jsonrpc',
             data=d, headers={
                 'Content-Type': 'application/json',
                 'Content-Length': f'{len(d)}',
-                'Ytdl-request-proxy': '__noproxy__',
-            })
+            }, proxies={'all': None})
         with self.ydl.urlopen(request) as r:
             resp = json.load(r)
         assert resp.get('id') == sanitycheck, 'Something went wrong with RPC server'
@@ -418,6 +441,14 @@ def _make_cmd(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         if info_dict.get('http_headers') is not None:
             for key, val in info_dict['http_headers'].items():
                 cmd += [f'{key}:{val}']
+
+        # httpie 3.1.0+ removes the Cookie header on redirect, so this should be safe for now. [1]
+        # If we ever need cookie handling for redirects, we can export the cookiejar into a session. [2]
+        # 1: https://github.com/httpie/httpie/security/advisories/GHSA-9w4w-cpc8-h2fq
+        # 2: https://httpie.io/docs/cli/sessions
+        cookie_header = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(info_dict['url'])
+        if cookie_header:
+            cmd += [f'Cookie:{cookie_header}']
         return cmd
 
 
@@ -528,11 +559,16 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
 
         selected_formats = info_dict.get('requested_formats') or [info_dict]
         for i, fmt in enumerate(selected_formats):
-            if fmt.get('http_headers') and re.match(r'^https?://', fmt['url']):
-                headers_dict = handle_youtubedl_headers(fmt['http_headers'])
+            is_http = re.match(r'^https?://', fmt['url'])
+            cookies = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(fmt['url']) if is_http else []
+            if cookies:
+                args.extend(['-cookies', ''.join(
+                    f'{cookie.name}={cookie.value}; path={cookie.path}; domain={cookie.domain};\r\n'
+                    for cookie in cookies)])
+            if fmt.get('http_headers') and is_http:
                 # Trailing \r\n after each HTTP header is important to prevent warning from ffmpeg/avconv:
                 # [http @ 00000000003d2fa0] No trailing CRLF found in HTTP header.
-                args.extend(['-headers', ''.join(f'{key}: {val}\r\n' for key, val in headers_dict.items())])
+                args.extend(['-headers', ''.join(f'{key}: {val}\r\n' for key, val in fmt['http_headers'].items())])
 
             if start_time:
                 args += ['-ss', str(start_time)]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/f4m.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/f4m.py
index 306f92192..28cbba016 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/f4m.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/f4m.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 import itertools
 import struct
 import time
-import urllib.error
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .fragment import FragmentFD
 from ..compat import compat_etree_fromstring
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import fix_xml_ampersands, xpath_text
 
 
@@ -312,7 +312,7 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
         self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading f4m manifest' % self.FD_NAME)
 
         urlh = self.ydl.urlopen(self._prepare_url(info_dict, man_url))
-        man_url = urlh.geturl()
+        man_url = urlh.url
         # Some manifests may be malformed, e.g. prosiebensat1 generated manifests
         # (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6215#issuecomment-121704244
         # and https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7823)
@@ -407,8 +407,8 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
                     if box_type == b'mdat':
                         self._append_fragment(ctx, box_data)
                         break
-            except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
-                if live and (err.code == 404 or err.code == 410):
+            except HTTPError as err:
+                if live and (err.status == 404 or err.status == 410):
                     # We didn't keep up with the live window. Continue
                     # with the next available fragment.
                     msg = 'Fragment %d unavailable' % frag_i
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
index 3dc638f52..b4f003d37 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
@@ -1,24 +1,20 @@
 import concurrent.futures
 import contextlib
-import http.client
 import json
 import math
 import os
 import struct
 import time
-import urllib.error
 
 from .common import FileDownloader
 from .http import HttpFD
 from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes, unpad_pkcs7
 from ..compat import compat_os_name
-from ..utils import (
-    DownloadError,
-    RetryManager,
-    encodeFilename,
-    sanitized_Request,
-    traverse_obj,
-)
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, IncompleteRead
+from ..utils import DownloadError, RetryManager, encodeFilename, traverse_obj
+from ..utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
+from ..utils.progress import ProgressCalculator
 
 
 class HttpQuietDownloader(HttpFD):
@@ -34,8 +30,8 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
 
     Available options:
 
-    fragment_retries:   Number of times to retry a fragment for HTTP error (DASH
-                        and hlsnative only)
+    fragment_retries:   Number of times to retry a fragment for HTTP error
+                        (DASH and hlsnative only). Default is 0 for API, but 10 for CLI
     skip_unavailable_fragments:
                         Skip unavailable fragments (DASH and hlsnative only)
     keep_fragments:     Keep downloaded fragments on disk after downloading is
@@ -75,7 +71,7 @@ def report_skip_fragment(self, frag_index, err=None):
 
     def _prepare_url(self, info_dict, url):
         headers = info_dict.get('http_headers')
-        return sanitized_Request(url, None, headers) if headers else url
+        return Request(url, None, headers) if headers else url
 
     def _prepare_and_start_frag_download(self, ctx, info_dict):
         self._prepare_frag_download(ctx)
@@ -121,6 +117,11 @@ def _download_fragment(self, ctx, frag_url, info_dict, headers=None, request_dat
             'request_data': request_data,
             'ctx_id': ctx.get('ctx_id'),
         }
+        frag_resume_len = 0
+        if ctx['dl'].params.get('continuedl', True):
+            frag_resume_len = self.filesize_or_none(self.temp_name(fragment_filename))
+        fragment_info_dict['frag_resume_len'] = ctx['frag_resume_len'] = frag_resume_len
+
         success, _ = ctx['dl'].download(fragment_filename, fragment_info_dict)
         if not success:
             return False
@@ -155,9 +156,7 @@ def _append_fragment(self, ctx, frag_content):
             del ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized']
 
     def _prepare_frag_download(self, ctx):
-        if 'live' not in ctx:
-            ctx['live'] = False
-        if not ctx['live']:
+        if not ctx.setdefault('live', False):
             total_frags_str = '%d' % ctx['total_frags']
             ad_frags = ctx.get('ad_frags', 0)
             if ad_frags:
@@ -170,15 +169,17 @@ def _prepare_frag_download(self, ctx):
             **self.params,
             'noprogress': True,
             'test': False,
+            'sleep_interval': 0,
+            'max_sleep_interval': 0,
+            'sleep_interval_subtitles': 0,
         })
         tmpfilename = self.temp_name(ctx['filename'])
         open_mode = 'wb'
-        resume_len = 0
 
         # Establish possible resume length
-        if os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(tmpfilename)):
+        resume_len = self.filesize_or_none(tmpfilename)
+        if resume_len > 0:
             open_mode = 'ab'
-            resume_len = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
 
         # Should be initialized before ytdl file check
         ctx.update({
@@ -187,7 +188,9 @@ def _prepare_frag_download(self, ctx):
         })
 
         if self.__do_ytdl_file(ctx):
-            if os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']))):
+            ytdl_file_exists = os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename'])))
+            continuedl = self.params.get('continuedl', True)
+            if continuedl and ytdl_file_exists:
                 self._read_ytdl_file(ctx)
                 is_corrupt = ctx.get('ytdl_corrupt') is True
                 is_inconsistent = ctx['fragment_index'] > 0 and resume_len == 0
@@ -201,7 +204,12 @@ def _prepare_frag_download(self, ctx):
                     if 'ytdl_corrupt' in ctx:
                         del ctx['ytdl_corrupt']
                     self._write_ytdl_file(ctx)
+
             else:
+                if not continuedl:
+                    if ytdl_file_exists:
+                        self._read_ytdl_file(ctx)
+                    ctx['fragment_index'] = resume_len = 0
                 self._write_ytdl_file(ctx)
                 assert ctx['fragment_index'] == 0
 
@@ -219,8 +227,7 @@ def _start_frag_download(self, ctx, info_dict):
         resume_len = ctx['complete_frags_downloaded_bytes']
         total_frags = ctx['total_frags']
         ctx_id = ctx.get('ctx_id')
-        # This dict stores the download progress, it's updated by the progress
-        # hook
+        # Stores the download progress, updated by the progress hook
         state = {
             'status': 'downloading',
             'downloaded_bytes': resume_len,
@@ -230,14 +237,8 @@ def _start_frag_download(self, ctx, info_dict):
             'tmpfilename': ctx['tmpfilename'],
         }
 
-        start = time.time()
-        ctx.update({
-            'started': start,
-            'fragment_started': start,
-            # Amount of fragment's bytes downloaded by the time of the previous
-            # frag progress hook invocation
-            'prev_frag_downloaded_bytes': 0,
-        })
+        ctx['started'] = time.time()
+        progress = ProgressCalculator(resume_len)
 
         def frag_progress_hook(s):
             if s['status'] not in ('downloading', 'finished'):
@@ -252,52 +253,45 @@ def frag_progress_hook(s):
             state['max_progress'] = ctx.get('max_progress')
             state['progress_idx'] = ctx.get('progress_idx')
 
-            time_now = time.time()
-            state['elapsed'] = time_now - start
+            state['elapsed'] = progress.elapsed
             frag_total_bytes = s.get('total_bytes') or 0
             s['fragment_info_dict'] = s.pop('info_dict', {})
+
+            # XXX: Fragment resume is not accounted for here
             if not ctx['live']:
                 estimated_size = (
                     (ctx['complete_frags_downloaded_bytes'] + frag_total_bytes)
                     / (state['fragment_index'] + 1) * total_frags)
-                state['total_bytes_estimate'] = estimated_size
+                progress.total = estimated_size
+                progress.update(s.get('downloaded_bytes'))
+                state['total_bytes_estimate'] = progress.total
+            else:
+                progress.update(s.get('downloaded_bytes'))
 
             if s['status'] == 'finished':
                 state['fragment_index'] += 1
                 ctx['fragment_index'] = state['fragment_index']
-                state['downloaded_bytes'] += frag_total_bytes - ctx['prev_frag_downloaded_bytes']
-                ctx['complete_frags_downloaded_bytes'] = state['downloaded_bytes']
-                ctx['speed'] = state['speed'] = self.calc_speed(
-                    ctx['fragment_started'], time_now, frag_total_bytes)
-                ctx['fragment_started'] = time.time()
-                ctx['prev_frag_downloaded_bytes'] = 0
-            else:
-                frag_downloaded_bytes = s['downloaded_bytes']
-                state['downloaded_bytes'] += frag_downloaded_bytes - ctx['prev_frag_downloaded_bytes']
-                if not ctx['live']:
-                    state['eta'] = self.calc_eta(
-                        start, time_now, estimated_size - resume_len,
-                        state['downloaded_bytes'] - resume_len)
-                ctx['speed'] = state['speed'] = self.calc_speed(
-                    ctx['fragment_started'], time_now, frag_downloaded_bytes)
-                ctx['prev_frag_downloaded_bytes'] = frag_downloaded_bytes
+                progress.thread_reset()
+
+            state['downloaded_bytes'] = ctx['complete_frags_downloaded_bytes'] = progress.downloaded
+            state['speed'] = ctx['speed'] = progress.speed.smooth
+            state['eta'] = progress.eta.smooth
+
             self._hook_progress(state, info_dict)
 
         ctx['dl'].add_progress_hook(frag_progress_hook)
 
-        return start
+        return ctx['started']
 
     def _finish_frag_download(self, ctx, info_dict):
         ctx['dest_stream'].close()
         if self.__do_ytdl_file(ctx):
-            ytdl_filename = encodeFilename(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']))
-            if os.path.isfile(ytdl_filename):
-                self.try_remove(ytdl_filename)
+            self.try_remove(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']))
         elapsed = time.time() - ctx['started']
 
         to_file = ctx['tmpfilename'] != '-'
         if to_file:
-            downloaded_bytes = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(ctx['tmpfilename']))
+            downloaded_bytes = self.filesize_or_none(ctx['tmpfilename'])
         else:
             downloaded_bytes = ctx['complete_frags_downloaded_bytes']
 
@@ -449,7 +443,7 @@ def download_fragment(fragment, ctx):
 
             frag_index = ctx['fragment_index'] = fragment['frag_index']
             ctx['last_error'] = None
-            headers = info_dict.get('http_headers', {}).copy()
+            headers = HTTPHeaderDict(info_dict.get('http_headers'))
             byte_range = fragment.get('byte_range')
             if byte_range:
                 headers['Range'] = 'bytes=%d-%d' % (byte_range['start'], byte_range['end'] - 1)
@@ -469,7 +463,7 @@ def error_callback(err, count, retries):
                     if not self._download_fragment(
                             ctx, fragment['url'], info_dict, headers, info_dict.get('request_data')):
                         return
-                except (urllib.error.HTTPError, http.client.IncompleteRead) as err:
+                except (HTTPError, IncompleteRead) as err:
                     retry.error = err
                     continue
                 except DownloadError:  # has own retry settings
@@ -497,7 +491,6 @@ def _download_fragment(fragment):
                 download_fragment(fragment, ctx_copy)
                 return fragment, fragment['frag_index'], ctx_copy.get('fragment_filename_sanitized')
 
-            self.report_warning('The download speed shown is only of one thread. This is a known issue')
             with tpe or concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers) as pool:
                 try:
                     for fragment, frag_index, frag_filename in pool.map(_download_fragment, fragments):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
index f2868dc52..d4b3f0320 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
@@ -28,7 +28,16 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
     FD_NAME = 'hlsnative'
 
     @staticmethod
-    def can_download(manifest, info_dict, allow_unplayable_formats=False):
+    def _has_drm(manifest):  # TODO: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/5039
+        return bool(re.search('|'.join((
+            r'#EXT-X-(?:SESSION-)?KEY:.*?URI="skd://',  # Apple FairPlay
+            r'#EXT-X-(?:SESSION-)?KEY:.*?KEYFORMAT="com\.apple\.streamingkeydelivery"',  # Apple FairPlay
+            r'#EXT-X-(?:SESSION-)?KEY:.*?KEYFORMAT="com\.microsoft\.playready"',  # Microsoft PlayReady
+            r'#EXT-X-FAXS-CM:',  # Adobe Flash Access
+        )), manifest))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def can_download(cls, manifest, info_dict, allow_unplayable_formats=False):
         UNSUPPORTED_FEATURES = [
             # r'#EXT-X-BYTERANGE',  # playlists composed of byte ranges of media files [2]
 
@@ -50,13 +59,15 @@ def can_download(manifest, info_dict, allow_unplayable_formats=False):
         ]
         if not allow_unplayable_formats:
             UNSUPPORTED_FEATURES += [
-                r'#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=(?!NONE|AES-128)',  # encrypted streams [1]
+                r'#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=(?!NONE|AES-128)',  # encrypted streams [1], but not necessarily DRM
             ]
 
         def check_results():
             yield not info_dict.get('is_live')
             for feature in UNSUPPORTED_FEATURES:
                 yield not re.search(feature, manifest)
+            if not allow_unplayable_formats:
+                yield not cls._has_drm(manifest)
         return all(check_results())
 
     def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
@@ -64,7 +75,7 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
         self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading m3u8 manifest' % self.FD_NAME)
 
         urlh = self.ydl.urlopen(self._prepare_url(info_dict, man_url))
-        man_url = urlh.geturl()
+        man_url = urlh.url
         s = urlh.read().decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
 
         can_download, message = self.can_download(s, info_dict, self.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats')), None
@@ -81,14 +92,13 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
                 message = ('Live HLS streams are not supported by the native downloader. If this is a livestream, '
                            f'please {install_ffmpeg}add "--downloader ffmpeg --hls-use-mpegts" to your command')
         if not can_download:
-            has_drm = re.search('|'.join([
-                r'#EXT-X-FAXS-CM:',  # Adobe Flash Access
-                r'#EXT-X-(?:SESSION-)?KEY:.*?URI="skd://',  # Apple FairPlay
-            ]), s)
-            if has_drm and not self.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats'):
-                self.report_error(
-                    'This video is DRM protected; Try selecting another format with --format or '
-                    'add --check-formats to automatically fallback to the next best format')
+            if self._has_drm(s) and not self.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats'):
+                if info_dict.get('has_drm') and self.params.get('test'):
+                    self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] This format is DRM protected', skip_eol=True)
+                else:
+                    self.report_error(
+                        'This format is DRM protected; Try selecting another format with --format or '
+                        'add --check-formats to automatically fallback to the next best format', tb=False)
                 return False
             message = message or 'Unsupported features have been detected'
             fd = FFmpegFD(self.ydl, self.params)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
index fa72d5722..f5237443e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
-import http.client
 import os
 import random
-import socket
-import ssl
 import time
-import urllib.error
 
 from .common import FileDownloader
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import (
+    CertificateVerifyError,
+    HTTPError,
+    TransportError,
+)
 from ..utils import (
     ContentTooShortError,
     RetryManager,
@@ -16,18 +18,10 @@
     encodeFilename,
     int_or_none,
     parse_http_range,
-    sanitized_Request,
     try_call,
     write_xattr,
 )
-
-RESPONSE_READ_EXCEPTIONS = (
-    TimeoutError,
-    socket.timeout,  # compat: py < 3.10
-    ConnectionError,
-    ssl.SSLError,
-    http.client.HTTPException
-)
+from ..utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
 
 
 class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
@@ -45,11 +39,8 @@ class DownloadContext(dict):
         ctx.tmpfilename = self.temp_name(filename)
         ctx.stream = None
 
-        # Do not include the Accept-Encoding header
-        headers = {'Youtubedl-no-compression': 'True'}
-        add_headers = info_dict.get('http_headers')
-        if add_headers:
-            headers.update(add_headers)
+        # Disable compression
+        headers = HTTPHeaderDict({'Accept-Encoding': 'identity'}, info_dict.get('http_headers'))
 
         is_test = self.params.get('test', False)
         chunk_size = self._TEST_FILE_SIZE if is_test else (
@@ -120,10 +111,10 @@ def establish_connection():
             if try_call(lambda: range_end >= ctx.content_len):
                 range_end = ctx.content_len - 1
 
-            request = sanitized_Request(url, request_data, headers)
+            request = Request(url, request_data, headers)
             has_range = range_start is not None
             if has_range:
-                request.add_header('Range', f'bytes={int(range_start)}-{int_or_none(range_end) or ""}')
+                request.headers['Range'] = f'bytes={int(range_start)}-{int_or_none(range_end) or ""}'
             # Establish connection
             try:
                 ctx.data = self.ydl.urlopen(request)
@@ -150,20 +141,21 @@ def establish_connection():
                     # Content-Range is either not present or invalid. Assuming remote webserver is
                     # trying to send the whole file, resume is not possible, so wiping the local file
                     # and performing entire redownload
-                    self.report_unable_to_resume()
+                    elif range_start > 0:
+                        self.report_unable_to_resume()
                     ctx.resume_len = 0
                     ctx.open_mode = 'wb'
-                ctx.data_len = ctx.content_len = int_or_none(ctx.data.info().get('Content-length', None))
-            except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
-                if err.code == 416:
+                ctx.data_len = ctx.content_len = int_or_none(ctx.data.headers.get('Content-length', None))
+            except HTTPError as err:
+                if err.status == 416:
                     # Unable to resume (requested range not satisfiable)
                     try:
                         # Open the connection again without the range header
                         ctx.data = self.ydl.urlopen(
-                            sanitized_Request(url, request_data, headers))
-                        content_length = ctx.data.info()['Content-Length']
-                    except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
-                        if err.code < 500 or err.code >= 600:
+                            Request(url, request_data, headers))
+                        content_length = ctx.data.headers['Content-Length']
+                    except HTTPError as err:
+                        if err.status < 500 or err.status >= 600:
                             raise
                     else:
                         # Examine the reported length
@@ -191,17 +183,13 @@ def establish_connection():
                             ctx.resume_len = 0
                             ctx.open_mode = 'wb'
                             return
-                elif err.code < 500 or err.code >= 600:
+                elif err.status < 500 or err.status >= 600:
                     # Unexpected HTTP error
                     raise
                 raise RetryDownload(err)
-            except urllib.error.URLError as err:
-                if isinstance(err.reason, ssl.CertificateError):
-                    raise
-                raise RetryDownload(err)
-            # In urllib.request.AbstractHTTPHandler, the response is partially read on request.
-            # Any errors that occur during this will not be wrapped by URLError
-            except RESPONSE_READ_EXCEPTIONS as err:
+            except CertificateVerifyError:
+                raise
+            except TransportError as err:
                 raise RetryDownload(err)
 
         def close_stream():
@@ -211,9 +199,9 @@ def close_stream():
                 ctx.stream = None
 
         def download():
-            data_len = ctx.data.info().get('Content-length')
+            data_len = ctx.data.headers.get('Content-length')
 
-            if ctx.data.info().get('Content-encoding'):
+            if ctx.data.headers.get('Content-encoding'):
                 # Content-encoding is present, Content-length is not reliable anymore as we are
                 # doing auto decompression. (See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/6176)
                 data_len = None
@@ -257,7 +245,7 @@ def retry(e):
                 try:
                     # Download and write
                     data_block = ctx.data.read(block_size if not is_test else min(block_size, data_len - byte_counter))
-                except RESPONSE_READ_EXCEPTIONS as err:
+                except TransportError as err:
                     retry(err)
 
                 byte_counter += len(data_block)
@@ -338,15 +326,15 @@ def retry(e):
                 elif speed:
                     ctx.throttle_start = None
 
-            if not is_test and ctx.chunk_size and ctx.content_len is not None and byte_counter < ctx.content_len:
-                ctx.resume_len = byte_counter
-                # ctx.block_size = block_size
-                raise NextFragment()
-
             if ctx.stream is None:
                 self.to_stderr('\n')
                 self.report_error('Did not get any data blocks')
                 return False
+
+            if not is_test and ctx.chunk_size and ctx.content_len is not None and byte_counter < ctx.content_len:
+                ctx.resume_len = byte_counter
+                raise NextFragment()
+
             if ctx.tmpfilename != '-':
                 ctx.stream.close()
 
@@ -358,7 +346,7 @@ def retry(e):
 
             # Update file modification time
             if self.params.get('updatetime', True):
-                info_dict['filetime'] = self.try_utime(ctx.filename, ctx.data.info().get('last-modified', None))
+                info_dict['filetime'] = self.try_utime(ctx.filename, ctx.data.headers.get('last-modified', None))
 
             self._hook_progress({
                 'downloaded_bytes': byte_counter,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/ism.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/ism.py
index a157a8ad9..dd688f586 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/ism.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/ism.py
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 import io
 import struct
 import time
-import urllib.error
 
 from .fragment import FragmentFD
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import RetryManager
 
 u8 = struct.Struct('>B')
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
                         write_piff_header(ctx['dest_stream'], info_dict['_download_params'])
                         extra_state['ism_track_written'] = True
                     self._append_fragment(ctx, frag_content)
-                except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
+                except HTTPError as err:
                     retry.error = err
                     continue
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py
index 77ed39e5b..5720f6eb8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py
@@ -1,8 +1,12 @@
+import json
 import threading
+import time
 
 from . import get_suitable_downloader
 from .common import FileDownloader
-from ..utils import sanitized_Request
+from .external import FFmpegFD
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..utils import DownloadError, WebSocketsWrapper, str_or_none, try_get
 
 
 class NiconicoDmcFD(FileDownloader):
@@ -24,7 +28,7 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
         heartbeat_data = heartbeat_info_dict['data'].encode()
         heartbeat_interval = heartbeat_info_dict.get('interval', 30)
 
-        request = sanitized_Request(heartbeat_url, heartbeat_data)
+        request = Request(heartbeat_url, heartbeat_data)
 
         def heartbeat():
             try:
@@ -50,3 +54,93 @@ def heartbeat():
                     timer[0].cancel()
                     download_complete = True
         return success
+
+
+class NiconicoLiveFD(FileDownloader):
+    """ Downloads niconico live without being stopped """
+
+    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
+        video_id = info_dict['video_id']
+        ws_url = info_dict['url']
+        ws_extractor = info_dict['ws']
+        ws_origin_host = info_dict['origin']
+        cookies = info_dict.get('cookies')
+        live_quality = info_dict.get('live_quality', 'high')
+        live_latency = info_dict.get('live_latency', 'high')
+        dl = FFmpegFD(self.ydl, self.params or {})
+
+        new_info_dict = info_dict.copy()
+        new_info_dict.update({
+            'protocol': 'm3u8',
+        })
+
+        def communicate_ws(reconnect):
+            if reconnect:
+                ws = WebSocketsWrapper(ws_url, {
+                    'Cookies': str_or_none(cookies) or '',
+                    'Origin': f'https://{ws_origin_host}',
+                    'Accept': '*/*',
+                    'User-Agent': self.params['http_headers']['User-Agent'],
+                })
+                if self.ydl.params.get('verbose', False):
+                    self.to_screen('[debug] Sending startWatching request')
+                ws.send(json.dumps({
+                    'type': 'startWatching',
+                    'data': {
+                        'stream': {
+                            'quality': live_quality,
+                            'protocol': 'hls+fmp4',
+                            'latency': live_latency,
+                            'chasePlay': False
+                        },
+                        'room': {
+                            'protocol': 'webSocket',
+                            'commentable': True
+                        },
+                        'reconnect': True,
+                    }
+                }))
+            else:
+                ws = ws_extractor
+            with ws:
+                while True:
+                    recv = ws.recv()
+                    if not recv:
+                        continue
+                    data = json.loads(recv)
+                    if not data or not isinstance(data, dict):
+                        continue
+                    if data.get('type') == 'ping':
+                        # pong back
+                        ws.send(r'{"type":"pong"}')
+                        ws.send(r'{"type":"keepSeat"}')
+                    elif data.get('type') == 'disconnect':
+                        self.write_debug(data)
+                        return True
+                    elif data.get('type') == 'error':
+                        self.write_debug(data)
+                        message = try_get(data, lambda x: x['body']['code'], str) or recv
+                        return DownloadError(message)
+                    elif self.ydl.params.get('verbose', False):
+                        if len(recv) > 100:
+                            recv = recv[:100] + '...'
+                        self.to_screen('[debug] Server said: %s' % recv)
+
+        def ws_main():
+            reconnect = False
+            while True:
+                try:
+                    ret = communicate_ws(reconnect)
+                    if ret is True:
+                        return
+                except BaseException as e:
+                    self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Connection error occured, reconnecting after 10 seconds: %s' % ('niconico:live', video_id, str_or_none(e)))
+                    time.sleep(10)
+                    continue
+                finally:
+                    reconnect = True
+
+        thread = threading.Thread(target=ws_main, daemon=True)
+        thread.start()
+
+        return dl.download(filename, new_info_dict)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
index 5928fecf0..c7a86374a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import json
 import time
-import urllib.error
 
 from .fragment import FragmentFD
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     RegexNotFoundError,
     RetryManager,
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
     int_or_none,
     try_get,
 )
+from ..utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
 
 
 class YoutubeLiveChatFD(FragmentFD):
@@ -37,10 +38,7 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
         start_time = int(time.time() * 1000)
 
         def dl_fragment(url, data=None, headers=None):
-            http_headers = info_dict.get('http_headers', {})
-            if headers:
-                http_headers = http_headers.copy()
-                http_headers.update(headers)
+            http_headers = HTTPHeaderDict(info_dict.get('http_headers'), headers)
             return self._download_fragment(ctx, url, info_dict, http_headers, data)
 
         def parse_actions_replay(live_chat_continuation):
@@ -129,7 +127,7 @@ def download_and_parse_fragment(url, frag_index, request_data=None, headers=None
                             or frag_index == 1 and try_refresh_replay_beginning
                             or parse_actions_replay)
                     return (True, *func(live_chat_continuation))
-                except urllib.error.HTTPError as err:
+                except HTTPError as err:
                     retry.error = err
                     continue
             return False, None, None, None
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
index 01281b5a1..8b036bb69 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
     YoutubeSearchURLIE,
     YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE,
     YoutubeSubscriptionsIE,
-    YoutubeStoriesIE,
     YoutubeTruncatedIDIE,
     YoutubeTruncatedURLIE,
     YoutubeYtBeIE,
@@ -123,7 +122,6 @@
 from .archiveorg import (
     ArchiveOrgIE,
     YoutubeWebArchiveIE,
-    VLiveWebArchiveIE,
 )
 from .arcpublishing import ArcPublishingIE
 from .arkena import ArkenaIE
@@ -139,10 +137,6 @@
     ArteTVCategoryIE,
 )
 from .arnes import ArnesIE
-from .asiancrush import (
-    AsianCrushIE,
-    AsianCrushPlaylistIE,
-)
 from .atresplayer import AtresPlayerIE
 from .atscaleconf import AtScaleConfEventIE
 from .atttechchannel import ATTTechChannelIE
@@ -166,6 +160,7 @@
     AWAANLiveIE,
     AWAANSeasonIE,
 )
+from .axs import AxsIE
 from .azmedien import AZMedienIE
 from .baidu import BaiduVideoIE
 from .banbye import (
@@ -204,13 +199,18 @@
     BFMTVLiveIE,
     BFMTVArticleIE,
 )
-from .bibeltv import BibelTVIE
+from .bibeltv import (
+    BibelTVLiveIE,
+    BibelTVSeriesIE,
+    BibelTVVideoIE,
+)
 from .bigflix import BigflixIE
 from .bigo import BigoIE
 from .bild import BildIE
 from .bilibili import (
     BiliBiliIE,
     BiliBiliBangumiIE,
+    BiliBiliBangumiSeasonIE,
     BiliBiliBangumiMediaIE,
     BiliBiliSearchIE,
     BilibiliCategoryIE,
@@ -219,7 +219,11 @@
     BiliBiliPlayerIE,
     BilibiliSpaceVideoIE,
     BilibiliSpaceAudioIE,
-    BilibiliSpacePlaylistIE,
+    BilibiliCollectionListIE,
+    BilibiliSeriesListIE,
+    BilibiliFavoritesListIE,
+    BilibiliWatchlaterIE,
+    BilibiliPlaylistIE,
     BiliIntlIE,
     BiliIntlSeriesIE,
     BiliLiveIE,
@@ -247,19 +251,30 @@
 from .bostonglobe import BostonGlobeIE
 from .box import BoxIE
 from .boxcast import BoxCastVideoIE
-from .booyah import BooyahClipsIE
 from .bpb import BpbIE
 from .br import (
     BRIE,
     BRMediathekIE,
 )
 from .bravotv import BravoTVIE
+from .brainpop import (
+    BrainPOPIE,
+    BrainPOPJrIE,
+    BrainPOPELLIE,
+    BrainPOPEspIE,
+    BrainPOPFrIE,
+    BrainPOPIlIE,
+)
 from .breakcom import BreakIE
 from .breitbart import BreitBartIE
 from .brightcove import (
     BrightcoveLegacyIE,
     BrightcoveNewIE,
 )
+from .brilliantpala import (
+    BrilliantpalaElearnIE,
+    BrilliantpalaClassesIE,
+)
 from .businessinsider import BusinessInsiderIE
 from .bundesliga import BundesligaIE
 from .buzzfeed import BuzzFeedIE
@@ -273,19 +288,19 @@
     CamdemyIE,
     CamdemyFolderIE
 )
+from .camfm import (
+    CamFMEpisodeIE,
+    CamFMShowIE
+)
 from .cammodels import CamModelsIE
 from .camsoda import CamsodaIE
 from .camtasia import CamtasiaEmbedIE
 from .camwithher import CamWithHerIE
+from .canal1 import Canal1IE
 from .canalalpha import CanalAlphaIE
 from .canalplus import CanalplusIE
 from .canalc2 import Canalc2IE
-from .canvas import (
-    CanvasIE,
-    CanvasEenIE,
-    VrtNUIE,
-    DagelijkseKostIE,
-)
+from .caracoltv import CaracolTvPlayIE
 from .carambatv import (
     CarambaTVIE,
     CarambaTVPageIE,
@@ -294,19 +309,23 @@
 from .cbc import (
     CBCIE,
     CBCPlayerIE,
+    CBCPlayerPlaylistIE,
     CBCGemIE,
     CBCGemPlaylistIE,
     CBCGemLiveIE,
 )
-from .cbs import CBSIE
-from .cbslocal import (
-    CBSLocalIE,
-    CBSLocalArticleIE,
+from .cbs import (
+    CBSIE,
+    ParamountPressExpressIE,
 )
 from .cbsinteractive import CBSInteractiveIE
 from .cbsnews import (
     CBSNewsEmbedIE,
     CBSNewsIE,
+    CBSLocalIE,
+    CBSLocalArticleIE,
+    CBSLocalLiveIE,
+    CBSNewsLiveIE,
     CBSNewsLiveVideoIE,
 )
 from .cbssports import (
@@ -339,12 +358,17 @@
 from .cinchcast import CinchcastIE
 from .cinemax import CinemaxIE
 from .cinetecamilano import CinetecaMilanoIE
+from .cineverse import (
+    CineverseIE,
+    CineverseDetailsIE,
+)
 from .ciscolive import (
     CiscoLiveSessionIE,
     CiscoLiveSearchIE,
 )
 from .ciscowebex import CiscoWebexIE
 from .cjsw import CJSWIE
+from .clipchamp import ClipchampIE
 from .cliphunter import CliphunterIE
 from .clippit import ClippitIE
 from .cliprs import ClipRsIE
@@ -392,9 +416,12 @@
     CrowdBunkerIE,
     CrowdBunkerChannelIE,
 )
+from .crtvg import CrtvgIE
 from .crunchyroll import (
     CrunchyrollBetaIE,
     CrunchyrollBetaShowIE,
+    CrunchyrollMusicIE,
+    CrunchyrollArtistIE,
 )
 from .cspan import CSpanIE, CSpanCongressIE
 from .ctsnews import CtsNewsIE
@@ -411,6 +438,10 @@
     CybraryIE,
     CybraryCourseIE
 )
+from .dacast import (
+    DacastVODIE,
+    DacastPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .daftsex import DaftsexIE
 from .dailymail import DailyMailIE
 from .dailymotion import (
@@ -441,6 +472,10 @@
 )
 from .democracynow import DemocracynowIE
 from .detik import DetikEmbedIE
+from .dlf import (
+    DLFIE,
+    DLFCorpusIE,
+)
 from .dfb import DFBIE
 from .dhm import DHMIE
 from .digg import DiggIE
@@ -473,6 +508,7 @@
     DiscoveryPlusItalyIE,
     DiscoveryPlusItalyShowIE,
     DiscoveryPlusIndiaShowIE,
+    GlobalCyclingNetworkPlusIE,
 )
 from .dreisat import DreiSatIE
 from .drbonanza import DRBonanzaIE
@@ -496,6 +532,7 @@
     DeuxMNewsIE
 )
 from .digitalconcerthall import DigitalConcertHallIE
+from .discogs import DiscogsReleasePlaylistIE
 from .discovery import DiscoveryIE
 from .disney import DisneyIE
 from .dispeak import DigitallySpeakingIE
@@ -520,6 +557,7 @@
 from .eighttracks import EightTracksIE
 from .einthusan import EinthusanIE
 from .eitb import EitbIE
+from .elevensports import ElevenSportsIE
 from .ellentube import (
     EllenTubeIE,
     EllenTubeVideoIE,
@@ -533,8 +571,10 @@
     EpiconIE,
     EpiconSeriesIE,
 )
+from .eplus import EplusIbIE
 from .epoch import EpochIE
 from .eporner import EpornerIE
+from .erocast import ErocastIE
 from .eroprofile import (
     EroProfileIE,
     EroProfileAlbumIE,
@@ -553,6 +593,7 @@
     ESPNCricInfoIE,
 )
 from .esri import EsriVideoIE
+from .ettutv import EttuTvIE
 from .europa import EuropaIE, EuroParlWebstreamIE
 from .europeantour import EuropeanTourIE
 from .eurosport import EurosportIE
@@ -639,6 +680,7 @@
     FunimationShowIE,
 )
 from .funk import FunkIE
+from .funker530 import Funker530IE
 from .fusion import FusionIE
 from .fuyintv import FuyinTVIE
 from .gab import (
@@ -674,10 +716,18 @@
 from .giantbomb import GiantBombIE
 from .giga import GigaIE
 from .glide import GlideIE
+from .globalplayer import (
+    GlobalPlayerLiveIE,
+    GlobalPlayerLivePlaylistIE,
+    GlobalPlayerAudioIE,
+    GlobalPlayerAudioEpisodeIE,
+    GlobalPlayerVideoIE
+)
 from .globo import (
     GloboIE,
     GloboArticleIE,
 )
+from .gmanetwork import GMANetworkVideoIE
 from .go import GoIE
 from .godtube import GodTubeIE
 from .gofile import GofileIE
@@ -709,13 +759,16 @@
 from .heise import HeiseIE
 from .hellporno import HellPornoIE
 from .helsinki import HelsinkiIE
-from .hentaistigma import HentaiStigmaIE
 from .hgtv import HGTVComShowIE
 from .hketv import HKETVIE
 from .hidive import HiDiveIE
 from .historicfilms import HistoricFilmsIE
 from .hitbox import HitboxIE, HitboxLiveIE
 from .hitrecord import HitRecordIE
+from .hollywoodreporter import (
+    HollywoodReporterIE,
+    HollywoodReporterPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .holodex import HolodexIE
 from .hotnewhiphop import HotNewHipHopIE
 from .hotstar import (
@@ -727,6 +780,7 @@
 )
 from .howcast import HowcastIE
 from .howstuffworks import HowStuffWorksIE
+from .hrefli import HrefLiRedirectIE
 from .hrfensehen import HRFernsehenIE
 from .hrti import (
     HRTiIE,
@@ -756,6 +810,7 @@
     IchinanaLiveIE,
     IchinanaLiveClipIE,
 )
+from .idolplus import IdolPlusIE
 from .ign import (
     IGNIE,
     IGNVideoIE,
@@ -840,6 +895,11 @@
 from .jeuxvideo import JeuxVideoIE
 from .jove import JoveIE
 from .joj import JojIE
+from .jstream import JStreamIE
+from .jtbc import (
+    JTBCIE,
+    JTBCProgramIE,
+)
 from .jwplatform import JWPlatformIE
 from .kakao import KakaoIE
 from .kaltura import KalturaIE
@@ -849,7 +909,6 @@
 from .karrierevideos import KarriereVideosIE
 from .keezmovies import KeezMoviesIE
 from .kelbyone import KelbyOneIE
-from .ketnet import KetnetIE
 from .khanacademy import (
     KhanAcademyIE,
     KhanAcademyUnitIE,
@@ -894,9 +953,11 @@
     LastFMPlaylistIE,
     LastFMUserIE,
 )
+from .laxarxames import LaXarxaMesIE
 from .lbry import (
     LBRYIE,
     LBRYChannelIE,
+    LBRYPlaylistIE,
 )
 from .lci import LCIIE
 from .lcp import (
@@ -936,10 +997,6 @@
     LimelightChannelIE,
     LimelightChannelListIE,
 )
-from .line import (
-    LineLiveIE,
-    LineLiveChannelIE,
-)
 from .linkedin import (
     LinkedInIE,
     LinkedInLearningIE,
@@ -974,6 +1031,7 @@
     LyndaCourseIE
 )
 from .m6 import M6IE
+from .magellantv import MagellanTVIE
 from .magentamusik360 import MagentaMusik360IE
 from .mailru import (
     MailRuIE,
@@ -1000,6 +1058,7 @@
 from .massengeschmacktv import MassengeschmackTVIE
 from .masters import MastersIE
 from .matchtv import MatchTVIE
+from .mbn import MBNIE
 from .mdr import MDRIE
 from .medaltv import MedalTVIE
 from .mediaite import MediaiteIE
@@ -1079,10 +1138,12 @@
     MofosexEmbedIE,
 )
 from .mojvideo import MojvideoIE
+from .monstercat import MonstercatIE
 from .morningstar import MorningstarIE
 from .motherless import (
     MotherlessIE,
-    MotherlessGroupIE
+    MotherlessGroupIE,
+    MotherlessGalleryIE,
 )
 from .motorsport import MotorsportIE
 from .movieclips import MovieClipsIE
@@ -1102,6 +1163,7 @@
 )
 from .muenchentv import MuenchenTVIE
 from .murrtube import MurrtubeIE, MurrtubeUserIE
+from .museai import MuseAIIE
 from .musescore import MuseScoreIE
 from .musicdex import (
     MusicdexSongIE,
@@ -1123,6 +1185,7 @@
 )
 from .myvideoge import MyVideoGeIE
 from .myvidster import MyVidsterIE
+from .mzaalo import MzaaloIE
 from .n1 import (
     N1InfoAssetIE,
     N1InfoIIE,
@@ -1171,6 +1234,7 @@
     NebulaSubscriptionsIE,
     NebulaChannelIE,
 )
+from .nekohacker import NekoHackerIE
 from .nerdcubed import NerdCubedFeedIE
 from .netzkino import NetzkinoIE
 from .neteasemusic import (
@@ -1219,6 +1283,9 @@
     NhkForSchoolBangumiIE,
     NhkForSchoolSubjectIE,
     NhkForSchoolProgramListIE,
+    NhkRadioNewsPageIE,
+    NhkRadiruIE,
+    NhkRadiruLiveIE,
 )
 from .nhl import NHLIE
 from .nick import (
@@ -1238,11 +1305,17 @@
     NicovideoSearchIE,
     NicovideoSearchURLIE,
     NicovideoTagURLIE,
+    NiconicoLiveIE,
 )
 from .ninecninemedia import (
     NineCNineMediaIE,
     CPTwentyFourIE,
 )
+from .niconicochannelplus import (
+    NiconicoChannelPlusIE,
+    NiconicoChannelPlusChannelVideosIE,
+    NiconicoChannelPlusChannelLivesIE,
+)
 from .ninegag import NineGagIE
 from .ninenow import NineNowIE
 from .nintendo import NintendoIE
@@ -1315,7 +1388,10 @@
 from .oktoberfesttv import OktoberfestTVIE
 from .olympics import OlympicsReplayIE
 from .on24 import On24IE
-from .ondemandkorea import OnDemandKoreaIE
+from .ondemandkorea import (
+    OnDemandKoreaIE,
+    OnDemandKoreaProgramIE,
+)
 from .onefootball import OneFootballIE
 from .onenewsnz import OneNewsNZIE
 from .oneplace import OnePlacePodcastIE
@@ -1344,9 +1420,11 @@
     ORFTVthekIE,
     ORFFM4StoryIE,
     ORFRadioIE,
+    ORFPodcastIE,
     ORFIPTVIE,
 )
 from .outsidetv import OutsideTVIE
+from .owncloud import OwnCloudIE
 from .packtpub import (
     PacktPubIE,
     PacktPubCourseIE,
@@ -1372,7 +1450,7 @@
     PatreonIE,
     PatreonCampaignIE
 )
-from .pbs import PBSIE
+from .pbs import PBSIE, PBSKidsIE
 from .pearvideo import PearVideoIE
 from .peekvids import PeekVidsIE, PlayVidsIE
 from .peertube import (
@@ -1390,10 +1468,12 @@
     PeriscopeIE,
     PeriscopeUserIE,
 )
+from .pgatour import PGATourIE
 from .philharmoniedeparis import PhilharmonieDeParisIE
 from .phoenix import PhoenixIE
 from .photobucket import PhotobucketIE
 from .piapro import PiaproIE
+from .piaulizaportal import PIAULIZAPortalIE
 from .picarto import (
     PicartoIE,
     PicartoVodIE,
@@ -1447,11 +1527,11 @@
     PolskieRadioPlayerIE,
     PolskieRadioPodcastIE,
     PolskieRadioPodcastListIE,
-    PolskieRadioRadioKierowcowIE,
 )
 from .popcorntimes import PopcorntimesIE
 from .popcorntv import PopcornTVIE
 from .porn91 import Porn91IE
+from .pornbox import PornboxIE
 from .porncom import PornComIE
 from .pornflip import PornFlipIE
 from .pornhd import PornHdIE
@@ -1470,7 +1550,7 @@
     PuhuTVIE,
     PuhuTVSerieIE,
 )
-from .pr0gramm import Pr0grammStaticIE, Pr0grammIE
+from .pr0gramm import Pr0grammIE
 from .prankcast import PrankCastIE
 from .premiershiprugby import PremiershipRugbyIE
 from .presstv import PressTVIE
@@ -1485,6 +1565,7 @@
 )
 from .puls4 import Puls4IE
 from .pyvideo import PyvideoIE
+from .qdance import QDanceIE
 from .qingting import QingTingIE
 from .qqmusic import (
     QQMusicIE,
@@ -1502,10 +1583,21 @@
     RadioCanadaIE,
     RadioCanadaAudioVideoIE,
 )
+from .radiocomercial import (
+    RadioComercialIE,
+    RadioComercialPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .radiode import RadioDeIE
 from .radiojavan import RadioJavanIE
 from .radiobremen import RadioBremenIE
-from .radiofrance import FranceCultureIE, RadioFranceIE
+from .radiofrance import (
+    FranceCultureIE,
+    RadioFranceIE,
+    RadioFranceLiveIE,
+    RadioFrancePodcastIE,
+    RadioFranceProfileIE,
+    RadioFranceProgramScheduleIE,
+)
 from .radiozet import RadioZetPodcastIE
 from .radiokapital import (
     RadioKapitalIE,
@@ -1517,6 +1609,8 @@
     RadLiveSeasonIE,
 )
 from .rai import (
+    RaiIE,
+    RaiCulturaIE,
     RaiPlayIE,
     RaiPlayLiveIE,
     RaiPlayPlaylistIE,
@@ -1525,7 +1619,6 @@
     RaiPlaySoundPlaylistIE,
     RaiNewsIE,
     RaiSudtirolIE,
-    RaiIE,
 )
 from .raywenderlich import (
     RayWenderlichIE,
@@ -1535,6 +1628,7 @@
 from .rbgtum import (
     RbgTumIE,
     RbgTumCourseIE,
+    RbgTumNewCourseIE,
 )
 from .rcs import (
     RCSIE,
@@ -1547,6 +1641,7 @@
     RCTIPlusTVIE,
 )
 from .rds import RDSIE
+from .recurbate import RecurbateIE
 from .redbee import ParliamentLiveUKIE, RTBFIE
 from .redbulltv import (
     RedBullTVIE,
@@ -1569,6 +1664,7 @@
 from .restudy import RestudyIE
 from .reuters import ReutersIE
 from .reverbnation import ReverbNationIE
+from .rheinmaintv import RheinMainTVIE
 from .rice import RICEIE
 from .rmcdecouverte import RMCDecouverteIE
 from .rockstargames import RockstarGamesIE
@@ -1583,6 +1679,7 @@
 from .rozhlas import (
     RozhlasIE,
     RozhlasVltavaIE,
+    MujRozhlasIE,
 )
 from .rte import RteIE, RteRadioIE
 from .rtlnl import (
@@ -1606,6 +1703,11 @@
 from .rtp import RTPIE
 from .rtrfm import RTRFMIE
 from .rts import RTSIE
+from .rtvcplay import (
+    RTVCPlayIE,
+    RTVCPlayEmbedIE,
+    RTVCKalturaIE,
+)
 from .rtve import (
     RTVEALaCartaIE,
     RTVEAudioIE,
@@ -1640,8 +1742,8 @@
     MegaTVComIE,
     MegaTVComEmbedIE,
 )
-from .ant1newsgr import (
-    Ant1NewsGrWatchIE,
+from .antenna import (
+    AntennaGrWatchIE,
     Ant1NewsGrArticleIE,
     Ant1NewsGrEmbedIE,
 )
@@ -1651,6 +1753,10 @@
     RuvIE,
     RuvSpilaIE
 )
+from .s4c import (
+    S4CIE,
+    S4CSeriesIE
+)
 from .safari import (
     SafariIE,
     SafariApiIE,
@@ -1661,6 +1767,11 @@
 from .sapo import SapoIE
 from .savefrom import SaveFromIE
 from .sbs import SBSIE
+from .sbscokr import (
+    SBSCoKrIE,
+    SBSCoKrAllvodProgramIE,
+    SBSCoKrProgramsVodIE,
+)
 from .screen9 import Screen9IE
 from .screencast import ScreencastIE
 from .screencastify import ScreencastifyIE
@@ -1675,6 +1786,7 @@
 )
 from .scrolller import ScrolllerIE
 from .seeker import SeekerIE
+from .senalcolombia import SenalColombiaLiveIE
 from .senategov import SenateISVPIE, SenateGovIE
 from .sendtonews import SendtoNewsIE
 from .servus import ServusIE
@@ -1730,7 +1842,10 @@
 from .slutload import SlutloadIE
 from .smotrim import SmotrimIE
 from .snotr import SnotrIE
-from .sohu import SohuIE
+from .sohu import (
+    SohuIE,
+    SohuVIE,
+)
 from .sonyliv import (
     SonyLIVIE,
     SonyLIVSeriesIE,
@@ -1772,6 +1887,7 @@
     BellatorIE,
     ParamountNetworkIE,
 )
+from .stageplus import StagePlusVODConcertIE
 from .startrek import StarTrekIE
 from .stitcher import (
     StitcherIE,
@@ -1797,6 +1913,12 @@
     SRGSSRPlayIE,
 )
 from .srmediathek import SRMediathekIE
+from .stacommu import (
+    StacommuLiveIE,
+    StacommuVODIE,
+    TheaterComplexTownVODIE,
+    TheaterComplexTownPPVIE,
+)
 from .stanfordoc import StanfordOpenClassroomIE
 from .startv import StarTVIE
 from .steam import (
@@ -1809,7 +1931,6 @@
     StoryFireSeriesIE,
 )
 from .streamable import StreamableIE
-from .streamanity import StreamanityIE
 from .streamcloud import StreamcloudIE
 from .streamcz import StreamCZIE
 from .streamff import StreamFFIE
@@ -1837,6 +1958,11 @@
 from .tagesschau import TagesschauIE
 from .tass import TassIE
 from .tbs import TBSIE
+from .tbsjp import (
+    TBSJPEpisodeIE,
+    TBSJPProgramIE,
+    TBSJPPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .tdslifeway import TDSLifewayIE
 from .teachable import (
     TeachableIE,
@@ -1887,7 +2013,10 @@
     WeTvSeriesIE,
 )
 from .tennistv import TennisTVIE
-from .tenplay import TenPlayIE
+from .tenplay import (
+    TenPlayIE,
+    TenPlaySeasonIE,
+)
 from .testurl import TestURLIE
 from .tf1 import TF1IE
 from .tfo import TFOIE
@@ -1899,13 +2028,8 @@
 )
 from .thestar import TheStarIE
 from .thesun import TheSunIE
-from .theta import (
-    ThetaVideoIE,
-    ThetaStreamIE,
-)
 from .theweatherchannel import TheWeatherChannelIE
 from .thisamericanlife import ThisAmericanLifeIE
-from .thisav import ThisAVIE
 from .thisoldhouse import ThisOldHouseIE
 from .thisvid import (
     ThisVidIE,
@@ -1954,6 +2078,7 @@
 from .triller import (
     TrillerIE,
     TrillerUserIE,
+    TrillerShortIE,
 )
 from .trilulilu import TriluliluIE
 from .trovo import (
@@ -2045,7 +2170,6 @@
 )
 from .tvplay import (
     TVPlayIE,
-    ViafreeIE,
     TVPlayHomeIE,
 )
 from .tvplayer import TVPlayerIE
@@ -2210,6 +2334,8 @@
     VKIE,
     VKUserVideosIE,
     VKWallPostIE,
+    VKPlayIE,
+    VKPlayLiveIE,
 )
 from .vocaroo import VocarooIE
 from .vodlocker import VodlockerIE
@@ -2229,7 +2355,12 @@
     VoxMediaVolumeIE,
     VoxMediaIE,
 )
-from .vrt import VRTIE
+from .vrt import (
+    VRTIE,
+    VrtNUIE,
+    KetnetIE,
+    DagelijkseKostIE,
+)
 from .vrak import VrakIE
 from .vrv import (
     VRVIE,
@@ -2277,11 +2408,24 @@
 )
 from .weibo import (
     WeiboIE,
-    WeiboMobileIE
+    WeiboVideoIE,
+    WeiboUserIE,
 )
 from .weiqitv import WeiqiTVIE
+from .weverse import (
+    WeverseIE,
+    WeverseMediaIE,
+    WeverseMomentIE,
+    WeverseLiveTabIE,
+    WeverseMediaTabIE,
+    WeverseLiveIE,
+)
+from .wevidi import WeVidiIE
+from .weyyak import WeyyakIE
+from .whyp import WhypIE
 from .wikimedia import WikimediaIE
 from .willow import WillowIE
+from .wimbledon import WimbledonIE
 from .wimtv import WimTVIE
 from .whowatch import WhoWatchIE
 from .wistia import (
@@ -2307,6 +2451,12 @@
     WSJArticleIE,
 )
 from .wwe import WWEIE
+from .wykop import (
+    WykopDigIE,
+    WykopDigCommentIE,
+    WykopPostIE,
+    WykopPostCommentIE,
+)
 from .xanimu import XanimuIE
 from .xbef import XBefIE
 from .xboxclips import XboxClipsIE
@@ -2334,8 +2484,6 @@
 from .yahoo import (
     YahooIE,
     YahooSearchIE,
-    YahooGyaOPlayerIE,
-    YahooGyaOIE,
     YahooJapanNewsIE,
 )
 from .yandexdisk import YandexDiskIE
@@ -2353,7 +2501,10 @@
     ZenYandexChannelIE,
 )
 from .yapfiles import YapFilesIE
-from .yappy import YappyIE
+from .yappy import (
+    YappyIE,
+    YappyProfileIE,
+)
 from .yesjapan import YesJapanIE
 from .yinyuetai import YinYueTaiIE
 from .yle_areena import YleAreenaIE
@@ -2371,6 +2522,10 @@
 from .youporn import YouPornIE
 from .yourporn import YourPornIE
 from .yourupload import YourUploadIE
+from .zaiko import (
+    ZaikoIE,
+    ZaikoETicketIE,
+)
 from .zapiks import ZapiksIE
 from .zattoo import (
     BBVTVIE,
@@ -2428,6 +2583,7 @@
     ZingMp3WeekChartIE,
     ZingMp3ChartMusicVideoIE,
     ZingMp3UserIE,
+    ZingMp3HubIE,
 )
 from .zoom import ZoomIE
 from .zype import ZypeIE
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
index 0ca76b85a..9d527246a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     int_or_none,
     parse_iso8601,
     str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
     update_url_query,
@@ -85,6 +86,15 @@ class ABCIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'Behind the News',
             'uploader_id': 'behindthenews',
         }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-25/wagner-boss-orders-troops-back-to-bases-to-avoid-bloodshed/102520540',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '102520540',
+            'title': 'Wagner Group retreating from Russia, leader Prigozhin to move to Belarus',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'Wagner troops leave Rostov-on-Don and\xa0Yevgeny Prigozhin will move to Belarus under a deal brokered by Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko to end the mutiny.',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/0c170f5b57f0105c432f366c0e8e267b?impolicy=wcms_crop_resize&cropH=2813&cropW=5000&xPos=0&yPos=249&width=862&height=485',
+        }
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -107,7 +117,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 video = True
 
         if mobj is None:
-            mobj = re.search(r'(?P<type>)"sources": (?P<json_data>\[[^\]]+\]),', webpage)
+            mobj = re.search(r'(?P<type>)"(?:sources|files|renditions)":\s*(?P<json_data>\[[^\]]+\])', webpage)
             if mobj is None:
                 mobj = re.search(
                     r'inline(?P<type>Video|Audio|YouTube)Data\.push\((?P<json_data>[^)]+)\);',
@@ -121,7 +131,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             urls_info = self._parse_json(
                 mobj.group('json_data'), video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
             youtube = mobj.group('type') == 'YouTube'
-            video = mobj.group('type') == 'Video' or urls_info[0]['contentType'] == 'video/mp4'
+            video = mobj.group('type') == 'Video' or traverse_obj(
+                urls_info, (0, ('contentType', 'MIMEType')), get_all=False) == 'video/mp4'
 
         if not isinstance(urls_info, list):
             urls_info = [urls_info]
@@ -169,20 +180,103 @@ class ABCIViewIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://iview\.abc\.net\.au/(?:[^/]+/)*video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['AU']
 
-    # ABC iview programs are normally available for 14 days only.
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://iview.abc.net.au/show/utopia/series/1/video/CO1211V001S00',
+        'md5': '52a942bfd7a0b79a6bfe9b4ce6c9d0ed',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'CO1211V001S00',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Series 1 Ep 1 Wood For The Trees',
+            'series': 'Utopia',
+            'description': 'md5:0cfb2c183c1b952d1548fd65c8a95c00',
+            'upload_date': '20230726',
+            'uploader_id': 'abc1',
+            'series_id': 'CO1211V',
+            'episode_id': 'CO1211V001S00',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Wood For The Trees',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.iview.abc.net.au/thumbs/i/co/CO1211V001S00_5ad8353f4df09_1280.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1690403700,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'No episode name',
         'url': 'https://iview.abc.net.au/show/gruen/series/11/video/LE1927H001S00',
         'md5': '67715ce3c78426b11ba167d875ac6abf',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'LE1927H001S00',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Series 11 Ep 1",
-            'series': "Gruen",
+            'title': 'Series 11 Ep 1',
+            'series': 'Gruen',
             'description': 'md5:52cc744ad35045baf6aded2ce7287f67',
             'upload_date': '20190925',
             'uploader_id': 'abc1',
+            'series_id': 'LE1927H',
+            'episode_id': 'LE1927H001S00',
+            'season_number': 11,
+            'season': 'Season 11',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.iview.abc.net.au/thumbs/i/le/LE1927H001S00_5d954fbd79e25_1280.jpg',
             'timestamp': 1569445289,
         },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest'],
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'No episode number',
+        'url': 'https://iview.abc.net.au/show/four-corners/series/2022/video/NC2203H039S00',
+        'md5': '77cb7d8434440e3b28fbebe331c2456a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'NC2203H039S00',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Series 2022 Locking Up Kids',
+            'series': 'Four Corners',
+            'description': 'md5:54829ca108846d1a70e1fcce2853e720',
+            'upload_date': '20221114',
+            'uploader_id': 'abc1',
+            'series_id': 'NC2203H',
+            'episode_id': 'NC2203H039S00',
+            'season_number': 2022,
+            'season': 'Season 2022',
+            'episode_number': None,
+            'episode': 'Locking Up Kids',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.iview.abc.net.au/thumbs/i/nc/NC2203H039S00_636d8a0944a22_1920.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1668460497,
+
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest'],
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'No episode name or number',
+        'url': 'https://iview.abc.net.au/show/landline/series/2021/video/RF2004Q043S00',
+        'md5': '2e17dec06b13cc81dc119d2565289396',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'RF2004Q043S00',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Series 2021',
+            'series': 'Landline',
+            'description': 'md5:c9f30d9c0c914a7fd23842f6240be014',
+            'upload_date': '20211205',
+            'uploader_id': 'abc1',
+            'series_id': 'RF2004Q',
+            'episode_id': 'RF2004Q043S00',
+            'season_number': 2021,
+            'season': 'Season 2021',
+            'episode_number': None,
+            'episode': None,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.iview.abc.net.au/thumbs/i/rf/RF2004Q043S00_61a950639dbc0_1920.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1638710705,
+
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest'],
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
@@ -244,6 +338,8 @@ def tokenize_url(url, token):
             'episode_number': int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                 r'\bEp\s+(\d+)\b', title, 'episode number', default=None)),
             'episode_id': house_number,
+            'episode': self._search_regex(
+                r'^(?:Series\s+\d+)?\s*(?:Ep\s+\d+)?\s*(.*)$', title, 'episode', default='') or None,
             'uploader_id': video_params.get('channel'),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
index f611c1f2c..2a093580c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import urllib.request
 import urllib.response
 import uuid
-
+from ..utils.networking import clean_proxies
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..aes import aes_ecb_decrypt
 from ..utils import (
@@ -22,80 +22,26 @@
     int_or_none,
     intlist_to_bytes,
     OnDemandPagedList,
-    request_to_url,
     time_seconds,
     traverse_obj,
     update_url_query,
 )
 
-# NOTE: network handler related code is temporary thing until network stack overhaul PRs are merged (#2861/#2862)
 
-
-def add_opener(ydl, handler):
-    ''' Add a handler for opening URLs, like _download_webpage '''
+def add_opener(ydl, handler):  # FIXME: Create proper API in .networking
+    """Add a handler for opening URLs, like _download_webpage"""
     # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/urllib/request.py#L426
     # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/urllib/request.py#L605
-    assert isinstance(ydl._opener, urllib.request.OpenerDirector)
-    ydl._opener.add_handler(handler)
-
-
-def remove_opener(ydl, handler):
-    '''
-    Remove handler(s) for opening URLs
-    @param handler Either handler object itself or handler type.
-    Specifying handler type will remove all handler which isinstance returns True.
-    '''
-    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/urllib/request.py#L426
-    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/urllib/request.py#L605
-    opener = ydl._opener
-    assert isinstance(ydl._opener, urllib.request.OpenerDirector)
-    if isinstance(handler, (type, tuple)):
-        find_cp = lambda x: isinstance(x, handler)
-    else:
-        find_cp = lambda x: x is handler
-
-    removed = []
-    for meth in dir(handler):
-        if meth in ["redirect_request", "do_open", "proxy_open"]:
-            # oops, coincidental match
-            continue
-
-        i = meth.find("_")
-        protocol = meth[:i]
-        condition = meth[i + 1:]
-
-        if condition.startswith("error"):
-            j = condition.find("_") + i + 1
-            kind = meth[j + 1:]
-            try:
-                kind = int(kind)
-            except ValueError:
-                pass
-            lookup = opener.handle_error.get(protocol, {})
-            opener.handle_error[protocol] = lookup
-        elif condition == "open":
-            kind = protocol
-            lookup = opener.handle_open
-        elif condition == "response":
-            kind = protocol
-            lookup = opener.process_response
-        elif condition == "request":
-            kind = protocol
-            lookup = opener.process_request
-        else:
-            continue
-
-        handlers = lookup.setdefault(kind, [])
-        if handlers:
-            handlers[:] = [x for x in handlers if not find_cp(x)]
-
-        removed.append(x for x in handlers if find_cp(x))
-
-    if removed:
-        for x in opener.handlers:
-            if find_cp(x):
-                x.add_parent(None)
-        opener.handlers[:] = [x for x in opener.handlers if not find_cp(x)]
+    rh = ydl._request_director.handlers['Urllib']
+    if 'abematv-license' in rh._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES:
+        return
+    headers = ydl.params['http_headers'].copy()
+    proxies = ydl.proxies.copy()
+    clean_proxies(proxies, headers)
+    opener = rh._get_instance(cookiejar=ydl.cookiejar, proxies=proxies)
+    assert isinstance(opener, urllib.request.OpenerDirector)
+    opener.add_handler(handler)
+    rh._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = (*rh._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES, 'abematv-license')
 
 
 class AbemaLicenseHandler(urllib.request.BaseHandler):
@@ -137,11 +83,11 @@ def _get_videokey_from_ticket(self, ticket):
         return intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(encvideokey, enckey))
 
     def abematv_license_open(self, url):
-        url = request_to_url(url)
+        url = url.get_full_url() if isinstance(url, urllib.request.Request) else url
         ticket = urllib.parse.urlparse(url).netloc
         response_data = self._get_videokey_from_ticket(ticket)
         return urllib.response.addinfourl(io.BytesIO(response_data), headers={
-            'Content-Length': len(response_data),
+            'Content-Length': str(len(response_data)),
         }, url=url, code=200)
 
 
@@ -213,10 +159,7 @@ def _get_device_token(self):
             })
         AbemaTVBaseIE._USERTOKEN = user_data['token']
 
-        # don't allow adding it 2 times or more, though it's guarded
-        remove_opener(self._downloader, AbemaLicenseHandler)
         add_opener(self._downloader, AbemaLicenseHandler(self))
-
         return self._USERTOKEN
 
     def _get_media_token(self, invalidate=False, to_show=True):
@@ -436,6 +379,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             if 3 not in ondemand_types:
                 # cannot acquire decryption key for these streams
                 self.report_warning('This is a premium-only stream')
+            info.update(traverse_obj(api_response, {
+                'series': ('series', 'title'),
+                'season': ('season', 'title'),
+                'season_number': ('season', 'sequence'),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', 'number'),
+            }))
+            if not title:
+                title = traverse_obj(api_response, ('episode', 'title'))
+            if not description:
+                description = traverse_obj(api_response, ('episode', 'content'))
 
             m3u8_url = f'https://vod-abematv.akamaized.net/program/{video_id}/playlist.m3u8'
         elif video_type == 'slots':
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py
index f2f828f8e..427d04c31 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py
@@ -40,28 +40,33 @@ def _call_api(self, path, video_id, query=None):
 
 class ACastIE(ACastBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'acast'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x:
                     https?://
                         (?:
                             (?:(?:embed|www)\.)?acast\.com/|
                             play\.acast\.com/s/
                         )
-                        (?P<channel>[^/]+)/(?P<id>[^/#?]+)
-                    '''
+                        (?P<channel>[^/]+)/(?P<id>[^/#?"]+)
+                    )'''
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'(?x)<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL})']
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.acast.com/sparpodcast/2.raggarmordet-rosterurdetforflutna',
-        'md5': 'f5598f3ad1e4776fed12ec1407153e4b',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '2a92b283-1a75-4ad8-8396-499c641de0d9',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': '2. Raggarmordet - Röster ur det förflutna',
-            'description': 'md5:a992ae67f4d98f1c0141598f7bebbf67',
+            'description': 'md5:013959207e05011ad14a222cf22278cc',
             'timestamp': 1477346700,
             'upload_date': '20161024',
             'duration': 2766,
-            'creator': 'Anton Berg & Martin Johnson',
+            'creator': 'Third Ear Studio',
             'series': 'Spår',
             'episode': '2. Raggarmordet - Röster ur det förflutna',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://assets.pippa.io/shows/616ebe1886d7b1398620b943/616ebe33c7e6e70013cae7da.jpg',
+            'episode_number': 2,
+            'display_id': '2.raggarmordet-rosterurdetforflutna',
+            'season_number': 4,
+            'season': 'Season 4',
         }
     }, {
         'url': 'http://embed.acast.com/adambuxton/ep.12-adam-joeschristmaspodcast2015',
@@ -73,6 +78,23 @@ class ACastIE(ACastBaseIE):
         'url': 'https://play.acast.com/s/sparpodcast/2a92b283-1a75-4ad8-8396-499c641de0d9',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://ausi.anu.edu.au/news/democracy-sausage-episode-can-labor-be-long-form-government',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '646c68fb21fbf20011e9c651',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'creator': 'The Australian National University',
+            'display_id': 'can-labor-be-a-long-form-government',
+            'duration': 2618,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://assets.pippa.io/shows/6113e8578b4903809f16f7e5/1684821529295-515b9520db9ce53275b995eb302f941c.jpeg',
+            'title': 'Can Labor be a long-form government?',
+            'episode': 'Can Labor be a long-form government?',
+            'upload_date': '20230523',
+            'series': 'Democracy Sausage with Mark Kenny',
+            'timestamp': 1684826362,
+            'description': 'md5:feabe1fc5004c78ee59c84a46bf4ba16',
+        }
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         channel, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
index f1f55e87f..b59dbc850 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
@@ -6,10 +6,8 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes, unpad_pkcs7
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_b64decode,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_b64decode
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ass_subtitles_timecode,
     bytes_to_intlist,
@@ -142,9 +140,9 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                 self._HEADERS = {'authorization': 'Bearer ' + access_token}
         except ExtractorError as e:
             message = None
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                 resp = self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(), None, fatal=False) or {}
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode(), None, fatal=False) or {}
                 message = resp.get('message') or resp.get('code')
             self.report_warning(message or self._LOGIN_ERR_MESSAGE)
 
@@ -195,14 +193,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     })
                 break
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
+                if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
                     raise e
 
-                if e.cause.code == 401:
+                if e.cause.status == 401:
                     # This usually goes away with a different random pkcs1pad, so retry
                     continue
 
-                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read(), video_id)
+                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read(), video_id)
                 message = error.get('message')
                 if e.cause.code == 403 and error.get('code') == 'player-bad-geolocation-country':
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(msg=message)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
index e5944f714..5eed0ca22 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 import json
 import re
 import time
-import urllib.error
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_urlparse
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     NO_DEFAULT,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -1394,7 +1394,7 @@ def post_form(form_page_res, note, data={}):
             form_page, urlh = form_page_res
             post_url = self._html_search_regex(r'<form[^>]+action=(["\'])(?P<url>.+?)\1', form_page, 'post url', group='url')
             if not re.match(r'https?://', post_url):
-                post_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(urlh.geturl(), post_url)
+                post_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(urlh.url, post_url)
             form_data = self._hidden_inputs(form_page)
             form_data.update(data)
             return self._download_webpage_handle(
@@ -1473,7 +1473,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                     elif 'automatically signed in with' in provider_redirect_page:
                         # Seems like comcast is rolling up new way of automatically signing customers
                         oauth_redirect_url = self._html_search_regex(
-                            r'continue:\s*"(https://oauth.xfinity.com/oauth/authorize\?.+)"', provider_redirect_page,
+                            r'continue:\s*"(https://oauth\.xfinity\.com/oauth/authorize\?.+)"', provider_redirect_page,
                             'oauth redirect (signed)')
                         # Just need to process the request. No useful data comes back
                         self._download_webpage(oauth_redirect_url, video_id, 'Confirming auto login')
@@ -1573,7 +1573,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                         }), headers={
                             'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
                         })
-                elif mso_id == 'Spectrum':
+                elif mso_id in ('Spectrum', 'Charter_Direct'):
                     # Spectrum's login for is dynamically loaded via JS so we need to hardcode the flow
                     # as a one-off implementation.
                     provider_redirect_page, urlh = provider_redirect_page_res
@@ -1619,7 +1619,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                     hidden_data['history'] = 1
 
                     provider_login_page_res = self._download_webpage_handle(
-                        urlh.geturl(), video_id, 'Sending first bookend',
+                        urlh.url, video_id, 'Sending first bookend',
                         query=hidden_data)
 
                     provider_association_redirect, urlh = post_form(
@@ -1629,7 +1629,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                         })
 
                     provider_refresh_redirect_url = extract_redirect_url(
-                        provider_association_redirect, url=urlh.geturl())
+                        provider_association_redirect, url=urlh.url)
 
                     last_bookend_page, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
                         provider_refresh_redirect_url, video_id,
@@ -1638,7 +1638,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                     hidden_data['history'] = 3
 
                     mvpd_confirm_page_res = self._download_webpage_handle(
-                        urlh.geturl(), video_id, 'Sending final bookend',
+                        urlh.url, video_id, 'Sending final bookend',
                         query=hidden_data)
 
                     post_form(mvpd_confirm_page_res, 'Confirming Login')
@@ -1652,7 +1652,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                     hidden_data['history_val'] = 1
 
                     provider_login_redirect_page_res = self._download_webpage_handle(
-                        urlh.geturl(), video_id, 'Sending First Bookend',
+                        urlh.url, video_id, 'Sending First Bookend',
                         query=hidden_data)
 
                     provider_login_redirect_page, urlh = provider_login_redirect_page_res
@@ -1680,7 +1680,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                         })
 
                     provider_refresh_redirect_url = extract_redirect_url(
-                        provider_association_redirect, url=urlh.geturl())
+                        provider_association_redirect, url=urlh.url)
 
                     last_bookend_page, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
                         provider_refresh_redirect_url, video_id,
@@ -1690,7 +1690,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                     hidden_data['history_val'] = 3
 
                     mvpd_confirm_page_res = self._download_webpage_handle(
-                        urlh.geturl(), video_id, 'Sending Final Bookend',
+                        urlh.url, video_id, 'Sending Final Bookend',
                         query=hidden_data)
 
                     post_form(mvpd_confirm_page_res, 'Confirming Login')
@@ -1699,7 +1699,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                     # based redirect that should be followed.
                     provider_redirect_page, urlh = provider_redirect_page_res
                     provider_refresh_redirect_url = extract_redirect_url(
-                        provider_redirect_page, url=urlh.geturl())
+                        provider_redirect_page, url=urlh.url)
                     if provider_refresh_redirect_url:
                         provider_redirect_page_res = self._download_webpage_handle(
                             provider_refresh_redirect_url, video_id,
@@ -1724,7 +1724,7 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                             'requestor_id': requestor_id,
                         }), headers=mvpd_headers)
                 except ExtractorError as e:
-                    if not mso_id and isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+                    if not mso_id and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                         raise_mvpd_required()
                     raise
                 if '<pendingLogout' in session:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adultswim.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adultswim.py
index bd29eb43e..daaeddeb6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adultswim.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adultswim.py
@@ -170,8 +170,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                         continue
                     ext = determine_ext(asset_url, mimetype2ext(asset.get('mime_type')))
                     if ext == 'm3u8':
-                        info['formats'].extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                            asset_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+                        fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                            asset_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                        info['formats'].extend(fmts)
+                        self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=info['subtitles'])
                     elif ext == 'f4m':
                         continue
                         # info['formats'].extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/aenetworks.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/aenetworks.py
index d7c401016..cc26653c1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/aenetworks.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/aenetworks.py
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
     ExtractorError,
     GeoRestrictedError,
     int_or_none,
+    remove_start,
+    traverse_obj,
     update_url_query,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
@@ -72,7 +74,14 @@ def _extract_aetn_info(self, domain, filter_key, filter_value, url):
         requestor_id, brand = self._DOMAIN_MAP[domain]
         result = self._download_json(
             'https://feeds.video.aetnd.com/api/v2/%s/videos' % brand,
-            filter_value, query={'filter[%s]' % filter_key: filter_value})['results'][0]
+            filter_value, query={'filter[%s]' % filter_key: filter_value})
+        result = traverse_obj(
+            result, ('results',
+                     lambda k, v: k == 0 and v[filter_key] == filter_value),
+            get_all=False)
+        if not result:
+            raise ExtractorError('Show not found in A&E feed (too new?)', expected=True,
+                                 video_id=remove_start(filter_value, '/'))
         title = result['title']
         video_id = result['id']
         media_url = result['publicUrl']
@@ -123,7 +132,7 @@ class AENetworksIE(AENetworksBaseIE):
             'skip_download': True,
         },
         'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
-        'skip': 'This video is only available for users of participating TV providers.',
+        'skip': 'Geo-restricted - This content is not available in your location.'
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.aetv.com/shows/duck-dynasty/season-9/episode-1',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -140,6 +149,7 @@ class AENetworksIE(AENetworksBaseIE):
             'skip_download': True,
         },
         'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
+        'skip': 'This video is only available for users of participating TV providers.',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.fyi.tv/shows/tiny-house-nation/season-1/episode-8',
         'only_matching': True
@@ -303,6 +313,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 class HistoryPlayerIE(AENetworksBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'history:player'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<domain>(?:history|biography)\.com)/player/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = []
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         domain, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
@@ -327,6 +338,7 @@ class BiographyIE(AENetworksBaseIE):
             'skip_download': True,
         },
         'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/aeonco.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/aeonco.py
index 4655862e3..390eae32b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/aeonco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/aeonco.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .vimeo import VimeoIE
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, traverse_obj, url_or_none
 
 
 class AeonCoIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -19,22 +20,55 @@ class AeonCoIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
     }, {
         'url': 'https://aeon.co/videos/dazzling-timelapse-shows-how-microbes-spoil-our-food-and-sometimes-enrich-it',
-        'md5': '4e5f3dad9dbda0dbfa2da41a851e631e',
+        'md5': '03582d795382e49f2fd0b427b55de409',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '728595228',
+            'id': '759576926',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Wrought',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1484618528-c91452611f9a4e4497735a533da60d45b2fe472deb0c880f0afaab0cd2efb22a-d_1280',
-            'uploader': 'Biofilm Productions',
-            'uploader_id': 'user140352216',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user140352216',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1525599692-84614af88e446612f49ca966cf8f80eab2c73376bedd80555741c521c26f9a3e-d_1280',
+            'uploader': 'Aeon Video',
+            'uploader_id': 'aeonvideo',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/aeonvideo',
             'duration': 1344
         }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://aeon.co/videos/chew-over-the-prisoners-dilemma-and-see-if-you-can-find-the-rational-path-out',
+        'md5': '1cfda0bf3ae24df17d00f2c0cb6cc21b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'emyi4z-O0ls',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'How to outsmart the Prisoner’s Dilemma - Lucas Husted',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/emyi4z-O0ls/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'uploader': 'TED-Ed',
+            'uploader_id': '@TEDEd',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@TEDEd',
+            'duration': 344,
+            'upload_date': '20200827',
+            'channel_id': 'UCsooa4yRKGN_zEE8iknghZA',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'description': 'md5:c0959524f08cb60f96fd010f3dfb17f3',
+            'categories': ['Education'],
+            'like_count': int,
+            'channel': 'TED-Ed',
+            'chapters': 'count:7',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsooa4yRKGN_zEE8iknghZA',
+            'tags': 'count:26',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        vimeo_id = self._search_regex(r'hosterId":\s*"(?P<id>[0-9]+)', webpage, 'vimeo id')
-        vimeo_url = VimeoIE._smuggle_referrer(f'https://player.vimeo.com/video/{vimeo_id}', 'https://aeon.co')
-        return self.url_result(vimeo_url, VimeoIE)
+        embed_url = traverse_obj(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, video_id), (
+            lambda _, v: v['@type'] == 'VideoObject', 'embedUrl', {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
+        if not embed_url:
+            raise ExtractorError('No embed URL found in webpage')
+        if 'player.vimeo.com' in embed_url:
+            embed_url = VimeoIE._smuggle_referrer(embed_url, 'https://aeon.co/')
+        return self.url_result(embed_url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
index 9276fe799..3d26d9c25 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
@@ -76,59 +76,6 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             },
         }],
         'skip': 'Video is gone',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://vod.afreecatv.com/PLAYER/STATION/18650793',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '18650793',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '오늘은 다르다! 쏘님의 우월한 위아래~ 댄스리액션!',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'uploader': '윈아디',
-            'uploader_id': 'badkids',
-            'duration': 107,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://vod.afreecatv.com/PLAYER/STATION/10481652',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10481652',
-            'title': "BJ유트루와 함께하는 '팅커벨 메이크업!'",
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
-            'uploader': 'dailyapril',
-            'uploader_id': 'dailyapril',
-            'duration': 6492,
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 2,
-        'playlist': [{
-            'md5': 'd8b7c174568da61d774ef0203159bf97',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '20160502_c4c62b9d_174361386_1',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': "BJ유트루와 함께하는 '팅커벨 메이크업!' (part 1)",
-                'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
-                'uploader': 'dailyapril',
-                'uploader_id': 'dailyapril',
-                'upload_date': '20160502',
-                'duration': 3601,
-            },
-        }, {
-            'md5': '58f2ce7f6044e34439ab2d50612ab02b',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '20160502_39e739bb_174361386_2',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': "BJ유트루와 함께하는 '팅커벨 메이크업!' (part 2)",
-                'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
-                'uploader': 'dailyapril',
-                'uploader_id': 'dailyapril',
-                'upload_date': '20160502',
-                'duration': 2891,
-            },
-        }],
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
     }, {
         # non standard key
         'url': 'http://vod.afreecatv.com/PLAYER/STATION/20515605',
@@ -146,8 +93,8 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
-        # PARTIAL_ADULT
-        'url': 'http://vod.afreecatv.com/PLAYER/STATION/32028439',
+        # adult content
+        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/97267690',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '20180327_27901457_202289533_1',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -161,16 +108,25 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(InfoExtractor):
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['adult content'],
+        'skip': 'The VOD does not exist',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.afreecatv.com/player/Player.swf?szType=szBjId=djleegoon&nStationNo=11273158&nBbsNo=13161095&nTitleNo=36327652',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://vod.afreecatv.com/PLAYER/STATION/15055030',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://vod.afreecatv.com/player/15055030',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/96753363',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '20230108_9FF5BEE1_244432674_1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader_id': 'rlantnghks',
+            'uploader': '페이즈으',
+            'duration': 10840,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://videoimg.afreecatv.com/php/SnapshotLoad.php?rowKey=20230108_9FF5BEE1_244432674_1_r',
+            'upload_date': '20230108',
+            'title': '젠지 페이즈',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
     }]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -223,26 +179,21 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-
-        if re.search(r'alert\(["\']This video has been deleted', webpage):
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'Video %s has been deleted' % video_id, expected=True)
-
-        station_id = self._search_regex(
-            r'nStationNo\s*=\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'station')
-        bbs_id = self._search_regex(
-            r'nBbsNo\s*=\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'bbs')
-        video_id = self._search_regex(
-            r'nTitleNo\s*=\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'title', default=video_id)
-
         partial_view = False
         adult_view = False
         for _ in range(2):
+            data = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.m.afreecatv.com/station/video/a/view',
+                video_id, headers={'Referer': url}, data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    'nTitleNo': video_id,
+                    'nApiLevel': 10,
+                }))['data']
+            if traverse_obj(data, ('code', {int})) == -6221:
+                raise ExtractorError('The VOD does not exist', expected=True)
             query = {
                 'nTitleNo': video_id,
-                'nStationNo': station_id,
-                'nBbsNo': bbs_id,
+                'nStationNo': data['station_no'],
+                'nBbsNo': data['bbs_no'],
             }
             if partial_view:
                 query['partialView'] = 'SKIP_ADULT'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/amazonminitv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/amazonminitv.py
index b57d985d1..2c71c5ef5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/amazonminitv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/amazonminitv.py
@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@ def _call_api(self, asin, data=None, note=None):
 
         resp = self._download_json(
             f'https://www.amazon.in/minitv/api/web/{"graphql" if data else "prs"}',
-            asin, note=note, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
-            data=json.dumps(data).encode() if data else None,
+            asin, note=note, headers={
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                'currentpageurl': '/',
+                'currentplatform': 'dWeb'
+            }, data=json.dumps(data).encode() if data else None,
             query=None if data else {
                 'deviceType': 'A1WMMUXPCUJL4N',
                 'contentId': asin,
@@ -46,7 +49,7 @@ class AmazonMiniTVIE(AmazonMiniTVBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'May I Kiss You?',
             'language': 'Hindi',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
             'description': 'md5:a549bfc747973e04feb707833474e59d',
             'release_timestamp': 1644710400,
             'release_date': '20220213',
@@ -68,7 +71,7 @@ class AmazonMiniTVIE(AmazonMiniTVBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Jahaan',
             'language': 'Hindi',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
             'description': 'md5:05eb765a77bf703f322f120ec6867339',
             'release_timestamp': 1647475200,
             'release_date': '20220317',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/amcnetworks.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/amcnetworks.py
index c58bc7bfb..10bd021c5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/amcnetworks.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/amcnetworks.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class AMCNetworksIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             # m3u8 download
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.bbcamerica.com/shows/the-hunt/full-episodes/season-1/episode-01-the-hardest-challenge',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/amp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/amp.py
index b0cbd775c..0d259c549 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/amp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/amp.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
     int_or_none,
     mimetype2ext,
     parse_iso8601,
+    strip_jsonp,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_or_none,
 )
@@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ class AMPIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should end with
     def _extract_feed_info(self, url):
         feed = self._download_json(
             url, None, 'Downloading Akamai AMP feed',
-            'Unable to download Akamai AMP feed')
+            'Unable to download Akamai AMP feed', transform_source=strip_jsonp)
         item = feed.get('channel', {}).get('item')
         if not item:
             raise ExtractorError('%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, feed['error']))
@@ -73,8 +74,10 @@ def get_media_node(name, default=None):
                     media_url + '?hdcore=3.4.0&plugin=aasp-3.4.0.132.124',
                     video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
             elif ext == 'm3u8':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    media_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    media_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
             else:
                 formats.append({
                     'format_id': media_data.get('media-category', {}).get('@attributes', {}).get('label'),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ant1newsgr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/antenna.py
similarity index 70%
rename from yt_dlp/extractor/ant1newsgr.py
rename to yt_dlp/extractor/antenna.py
index 7b384b22d..c78717aa9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ant1newsgr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/antenna.py
@@ -1,26 +1,30 @@
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
+    make_archive_id,
     scale_thumbnails_to_max_format_width,
 )
 
 
-class Ant1NewsGrBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+class AntennaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _download_and_extract_api_data(self, video_id, netloc, cid=None):
-        url = f'{self.http_scheme()}//{netloc}{self._API_PATH}'
-        info = self._download_json(url, video_id, query={'cid': cid or video_id})
-        try:
-            source = info['url']
-        except KeyError:
-            raise ExtractorError('no source found for %s' % video_id)
-        formats, subs = (self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(source, video_id, 'mp4')
-                         if determine_ext(source) == 'm3u8' else ([{'url': source}], {}))
+        info = self._download_json(f'{self.http_scheme()}//{netloc}{self._API_PATH}',
+                                   video_id, query={'cid': cid or video_id})
+        if not info.get('url'):
+            raise ExtractorError(f'No source found for {video_id}')
+
+        ext = determine_ext(info['url'])
+        if ext == 'm3u8':
+            formats, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(info['url'], video_id, 'mp4')
+        else:
+            formats, subs = [{'url': info['url'], 'format_id': ext}], {}
+
         thumbnails = scale_thumbnails_to_max_format_width(
-            formats, [{'url': info['thumb']}], r'(?<=/imgHandler/)\d+')
+            formats, [{'url': info['thumb']}], r'(?<=/imgHandler/)\d+') if info.get('thumb') else []
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'title': info.get('title'),
@@ -30,21 +34,31 @@ def _download_and_extract_api_data(self, video_id, netloc, cid=None):
         }
 
 
-class Ant1NewsGrWatchIE(Ant1NewsGrBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'ant1newsgr:watch'
-    IE_DESC = 'ant1news.gr videos'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<netloc>(?:www\.)?ant1news\.gr)/watch/(?P<id>\d+)/'
+class AntennaGrWatchIE(AntennaBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'antenna:watch'
+    IE_DESC = 'antenna.gr and ant1news.gr videos'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<netloc>(?:www\.)?(?:antenna|ant1news)\.gr)/watch/(?P<id>\d+)/'
     _API_PATH = '/templates/data/player'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.ant1news.gr/watch/1506168/ant1-news-09112021-stis-18-45',
-        'md5': '95925e6b32106754235f2417e0d2dfab',
+        'md5': 'c472d9dd7cd233c63aff2ea42201cda6',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1506168',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'md5:0ad00fa66ecf8aa233d26ab0dba7514a',
             'description': 'md5:18665af715a6dcfeac1d6153a44f16b0',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://ant1media.azureedge.net/imgHandler/640/26d46bf6-8158-4f02-b197-7096c714b2de.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://ant1media\.azureedge\.net/imgHandler/\d+/26d46bf6-8158-4f02-b197-7096c714b2de\.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.antenna.gr/watch/1643812/oi-prodotes-epeisodio-01',
+        'md5': '8f6f7dd3b1dba4d835ba990e25f31243',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1643812',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'format_id': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'ΟΙ ΠΡΟΔΟΤΕΣ – ΕΠΕΙΣΟΔΙΟ 01',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://ant1media\.azureedge\.net/imgHandler/\d+/b3d63096-e72d-43c4-87a0-00d4363d242f\.jpg',
         },
     }]
 
@@ -52,11 +66,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id, netloc = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'netloc')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         info = self._download_and_extract_api_data(video_id, netloc)
-        info['description'] = self._og_search_description(webpage)
+        info['description'] = self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None)
+        info['_old_archive_ids'] = [make_archive_id('Ant1NewsGrWatch', video_id)],
         return info
 
 
-class Ant1NewsGrArticleIE(Ant1NewsGrBaseIE):
+class Ant1NewsGrArticleIE(AntennaBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'ant1newsgr:article'
     IE_DESC = 'ant1news.gr articles'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ant1news\.gr/[^/]+/article/(?P<id>\d+)/'
@@ -96,7 +111,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             video_kwargs={'url_transparent': True, 'timestamp': info.get('timestamp')})
 
 
-class Ant1NewsGrEmbedIE(Ant1NewsGrBaseIE):
+class Ant1NewsGrEmbedIE(AntennaBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'ant1newsgr:embed'
     IE_DESC = 'ant1news.gr embedded videos'
     _BASE_PLAYER_URL_RE = r'(?:https?:)?//(?:[a-zA-Z0-9\-]+\.)?(?:antenna|ant1news)\.gr/templates/pages/player'
@@ -121,7 +136,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         canonical_url = self._request_webpage(
             HEADRequest(url), video_id,
             note='Resolve canonical player URL',
-            errnote='Could not resolve canonical player URL').geturl()
+            errnote='Could not resolve canonical player URL').url
         _, netloc, _, _, query, _ = urllib.parse.urlparse(canonical_url)
         cid = urllib.parse.parse_qs(query)['cid'][0]
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
index 79bfe412b..0df50333c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
@@ -336,7 +336,7 @@ def _get_anvato_videos(self, access_key, video_id, token):
             elif media_format == 'm3u8-variant' or ext == 'm3u8':
                 # For some videos the initial m3u8 URL returns JSON instead
                 manifest_json = self._download_json(
-                    video_url, video_id, note='Downloading manifest JSON', errnote=False)
+                    video_url, video_id, note='Downloading manifest JSON', fatal=False)
                 if manifest_json:
                     video_url = manifest_json.get('master_m3u8')
                     if not video_url:
@@ -392,14 +392,6 @@ def _extract_from_webpage(cls, url, webpage):
                 url = smuggle_url(url, {'token': anvplayer_data['token']})
             yield cls.url_result(url, AnvatoIE, video_id)
 
-    def _extract_anvato_videos(self, webpage, video_id):
-        anvplayer_data = self._parse_json(
-            self._html_search_regex(
-                self._ANVP_RE, webpage, 'Anvato player data', group='anvp'),
-            video_id)
-        return self._get_anvato_videos(
-            anvplayer_data['accessKey'], anvplayer_data['video'], 'default')  # cbslocal token = 'default'
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
         self._initialize_geo_bypass({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
index 4ccd39825..a0b26ac5a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 import json
 import re
-import urllib.error
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .naver import NaverBaseIE
 from .youtube import YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor, YoutubeIE
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError, compat_urllib_parse_unquote
+from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     ExtractorError,
-    HEADRequest,
     bug_reports_message,
     clean_html,
     dict_get,
@@ -899,7 +898,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     video_id, note='Fetching archived video file url', expected_status=True)
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 # HTTP Error 404 is expected if the video is not saved.
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 404:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404:
                     self.raise_no_formats(
                         'The requested video is not archived, indexed, or there is an issue with web.archive.org (try again later)', expected=True)
                 else:
@@ -926,7 +925,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         info['thumbnails'] = self._extract_thumbnails(video_id)
 
         if urlh:
-            url = compat_urllib_parse_unquote(urlh.geturl())
+            url = compat_urllib_parse_unquote(urlh.url)
             video_file_url_qs = parse_qs(url)
             # Attempt to recover any ext & format info from playback url & response headers
             format = {'url': url, 'filesize': int_or_none(urlh.headers.get('x-archive-orig-content-length'))}
@@ -947,237 +946,3 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if not info.get('title'):
             info['title'] = video_id
         return info
-
-
-class VLiveWebArchiveIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'web.archive:vlive'
-    IE_DESC = 'web.archive.org saved vlive videos'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-            (?:https?://)?web\.archive\.org/
-            (?:web/)?(?:(?P<date>[0-9]{14})?[0-9A-Za-z_*]*/)?  # /web and the version index is optional
-            (?:https?(?::|%3[Aa])//)?(?:
-                (?:(?:www|m)\.)?vlive\.tv(?::(?:80|443))?/(?:video|embed)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)  # VLive URL
-            )
-        '''
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://web.archive.org/web/20221221144331/http://www.vlive.tv/video/1326',
-        'md5': 'cc7314812855ce56de70a06a27314983',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1326',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Girl's Day's Broadcast",
-            'creator': "Girl's Day",
-            'view_count': int,
-            'uploader_id': 'muploader_a',
-            'uploader_url': None,
-            'uploader': None,
-            'upload_date': '20150817',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
-            'timestamp': 1439816449,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'channel': 'Girl\'s Day',
-            'channel_id': 'FDF27',
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'release_timestamp': 1439818140,
-            'release_date': '20150817',
-            'duration': 1014,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://web.archive.org/web/20221221182103/http://www.vlive.tv/video/16937',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '16937',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '첸백시 걍방',
-            'creator': 'EXO',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'subtitles': 'mincount:12',
-            'uploader_id': 'muploader_j',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://vlive.tv',
-            'uploader': None,
-            'upload_date': '20161112',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
-            'timestamp': 1478923074,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'channel': 'EXO',
-            'channel_id': 'F94BD',
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'release_timestamp': 1478924280,
-            'release_date': '20161112',
-            'duration': 906,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://web.archive.org/web/20221127190050/http://www.vlive.tv/video/101870',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '101870',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '[ⓓ xV] “레벨이들 매력에 반해? 안 반해?” 움직이는 HD 포토 (레드벨벳:Red Velvet)',
-            'creator': 'Dispatch',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'subtitles': 'mincount:6',
-            'uploader_id': 'V__FRA08071',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://vlive.tv',
-            'uploader': None,
-            'upload_date': '20181130',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
-            'timestamp': 1543601327,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'channel': 'Dispatch',
-            'channel_id': 'C796F3',
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'release_timestamp': 1543601040,
-            'release_date': '20181130',
-            'duration': 279,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    # The wayback machine has special timestamp and "mode" values:
-    # timestamp:
-    #   1 = the first capture
-    #   2 = the last capture
-    # mode:
-    #   id_ = Identity - perform no alterations of the original resource, return it as it was archived.
-    _WAYBACK_BASE_URL = 'https://web.archive.org/web/2id_/'
-
-    def _download_archived_page(self, url, video_id, *, timestamp='2', **kwargs):
-        for retry in self.RetryManager():
-            try:
-                return self._download_webpage(f'https://web.archive.org/web/{timestamp}id_/{url}', video_id, **kwargs)
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 404:
-                    raise ExtractorError('Page was not archived', expected=True)
-                retry.error = e
-                continue
-
-    def _download_archived_json(self, url, video_id, **kwargs):
-        page = self._download_archived_page(url, video_id, **kwargs)
-        if not page:
-            raise ExtractorError('Page was not archived', expected=True)
-        else:
-            return self._parse_json(page, video_id)
-
-    def _extract_formats_from_m3u8(self, m3u8_url, params, video_id):
-        m3u8_doc = self._download_archived_page(m3u8_url, video_id, note='Downloading m3u8', query=params, fatal=False)
-        if not m3u8_doc:
-            return
-
-        # M3U8 document should be changed to archive domain
-        m3u8_doc = m3u8_doc.splitlines()
-        url_base = m3u8_url.rsplit('/', 1)[0]
-        first_segment = None
-        for i, line in enumerate(m3u8_doc):
-            if not line.startswith('#'):
-                m3u8_doc[i] = f'{self._WAYBACK_BASE_URL}{url_base}/{line}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(params)}'
-                first_segment = first_segment or m3u8_doc[i]
-
-        # Segments may not have been archived. See https://web.archive.org/web/20221127190050/http://www.vlive.tv/video/101870
-        urlh = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(first_segment), video_id, errnote=False,
-                                     fatal=False, note='Check first segment availablity')
-        if urlh:
-            formats, subtitles = self._parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles('\n'.join(m3u8_doc), ext='mp4', video_id=video_id)
-            if subtitles:
-                self._report_ignoring_subs('m3u8')
-            return formats
-
-    # Closely follows the logic of the ArchiveTeam grab script
-    # See: https://github.com/ArchiveTeam/vlive-grab/blob/master/vlive.lua
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id, url_date = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'date')
-
-        webpage = self._download_archived_page(f'https://www.vlive.tv/video/{video_id}', video_id, timestamp=url_date)
-
-        player_info = self._search_json(r'__PRELOADED_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'player info', video_id)
-        user_country = traverse_obj(player_info, ('common', 'userCountry'))
-
-        main_script_url = self._search_regex(r'<script\s+src="([^"]+/js/main\.[^"]+\.js)"', webpage, 'main script url')
-        main_script = self._download_archived_page(main_script_url, video_id, note='Downloading main script')
-        app_id = self._search_regex(r'appId\s*=\s*"([^"]+)"', main_script, 'app id')
-
-        inkey = self._download_archived_json(
-            f'https://www.vlive.tv/globalv-web/vam-web/video/v1.0/vod/{video_id}/inkey', video_id, note='Fetching inkey', query={
-                'appId': app_id,
-                'platformType': 'PC',
-                'gcc': user_country,
-                'locale': 'en_US',
-            }, fatal=False)
-
-        vod_id = traverse_obj(player_info, ('postDetail', 'post', 'officialVideo', 'vodId'))
-
-        vod_data = self._download_archived_json(
-            f'https://apis.naver.com/rmcnmv/rmcnmv/vod/play/v2.0/{vod_id}', video_id, note='Fetching vod data', query={
-                'key': inkey.get('inkey'),
-                'pid': 'rmcPlayer_16692457559726800',  # partially unix time and partially random. Fixed value used by archiveteam project
-                'sid': '2024',
-                'ver': '2.0',
-                'devt': 'html5_pc',
-                'doct': 'json',
-                'ptc': 'https',
-                'sptc': 'https',
-                'cpt': 'vtt',
-                'ctls': '%7B%22visible%22%3A%7B%22fullscreen%22%3Atrue%2C%22logo%22%3Afalse%2C%22playbackRate%22%3Afalse%2C%22scrap%22%3Afalse%2C%22playCount%22%3Atrue%2C%22commentCount%22%3Atrue%2C%22title%22%3Atrue%2C%22writer%22%3Atrue%2C%22expand%22%3Afalse%2C%22subtitles%22%3Atrue%2C%22thumbnails%22%3Atrue%2C%22quality%22%3Atrue%2C%22setting%22%3Atrue%2C%22script%22%3Afalse%2C%22logoDimmed%22%3Atrue%2C%22badge%22%3Atrue%2C%22seekingTime%22%3Atrue%2C%22muted%22%3Atrue%2C%22muteButton%22%3Afalse%2C%22viewerNotice%22%3Afalse%2C%22linkCount%22%3Afalse%2C%22createTime%22%3Afalse%2C%22thumbnail%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22clicked%22%3A%7B%22expand%22%3Afalse%2C%22subtitles%22%3Afalse%7D%7D',
-                'pv': '4.26.9',
-                'dr': '1920x1080',
-                'cpl': 'en_US',
-                'lc': 'en_US',
-                'adi': '%5B%7B%22type%22%3A%22pre%22%2C%22exposure%22%3Afalse%2C%22replayExposure%22%3Afalse%7D%5D',
-                'adu': '%2F',
-                'videoId': vod_id,
-                'cc': user_country,
-            })
-
-        formats = []
-
-        streams = traverse_obj(vod_data, ('streams', ...))
-        if len(streams) > 1:
-            self.report_warning('Multiple streams found. Only the first stream will be downloaded.')
-        stream = streams[0]
-
-        max_stream = max(
-            stream.get('videos') or [],
-            key=lambda v: traverse_obj(v, ('bitrate', 'video'), default=0), default=None)
-        if max_stream is not None:
-            params = {arg.get('name'): arg.get('value') for arg in stream.get('keys', []) if arg.get('type') == 'param'}
-            formats = self._extract_formats_from_m3u8(max_stream.get('source'), params, video_id) or []
-
-        # For parts of the project MP4 files were archived
-        max_video = max(
-            traverse_obj(vod_data, ('videos', 'list', ...)),
-            key=lambda v: traverse_obj(v, ('bitrate', 'video'), default=0), default=None)
-        if max_video is not None:
-            video_url = self._WAYBACK_BASE_URL + max_video.get('source')
-            urlh = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(video_url), video_id, errnote=False,
-                                         fatal=False, note='Check video availablity')
-            if urlh:
-                formats.append({'url': video_url})
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-            **traverse_obj(player_info, ('postDetail', 'post', {
-                'title': ('officialVideo', 'title', {str}),
-                'creator': ('author', 'nickname', {str}),
-                'channel': ('channel', 'channelName', {str}),
-                'channel_id': ('channel', 'channelCode', {str}),
-                'duration': ('officialVideo', 'playTime', {int_or_none}),
-                'view_count': ('officialVideo', 'playCount', {int_or_none}),
-                'like_count': ('officialVideo', 'likeCount', {int_or_none}),
-                'comment_count': ('officialVideo', 'commentCount', {int_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('officialVideo', 'createdAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, scale=1000)}),
-                'release_timestamp': ('officialVideo', 'willStartAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, scale=1000)}),
-            })),
-            **traverse_obj(vod_data, ('meta', {
-                'uploader_id': ('user', 'id', {str}),
-                'uploader': ('user', 'name', {str}),
-                'uploader_url': ('user', 'url', {url_or_none}),
-                'thumbnail': ('cover', 'source', {url_or_none}),
-            }), expected_type=lambda x: x or None),
-            **NaverBaseIE.process_subtitles(vod_data, lambda x: [self._WAYBACK_BASE_URL + x]),
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
index 8660741ce..ca1faa7d0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
     try_get,
     unified_strdate,
     unified_timestamp,
+    update_url,
     update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
     xpath_text,
@@ -408,6 +409,23 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(ARDMediathekBaseIE):
         (?(playlist)/(?P<season>\d+)?/?(?:[?#]|$))'''
 
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/filme-im-mdr/wolfsland-die-traurigen-schwestern/mdr-fernsehen/Y3JpZDovL21kci5kZS9iZWl0cmFnL2Ntcy8xZGY0ZGJmZS00ZWQwLTRmMGItYjhhYy0wOGQ4ZmYxNjVhZDI',
+        'md5': '3fd5fead7a370a819341129c8d713136',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'display_id': 'filme-im-mdr/wolfsland-die-traurigen-schwestern/mdr-fernsehen',
+            'id': '12172961',
+            'title': 'Wolfsland - Die traurigen Schwestern',
+            'description': r're:^Als der Polizeiobermeister Raaben',
+            'duration': 5241,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:efa186f7b0054957',
+            'timestamp': 1670710500,
+            'upload_date': '20221210',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'age_limit': 12,
+            'episode': 'Wolfsland - Die traurigen Schwestern',
+            'series': 'Filme im MDR'
+        },
+    }, {
         'url': 'https://www.ardmediathek.de/mdr/video/die-robuste-roswita/Y3JpZDovL21kci5kZS9iZWl0cmFnL2Ntcy84MWMxN2MzZC0wMjkxLTRmMzUtODk4ZS0wYzhlOWQxODE2NGI/',
         'md5': 'a1dc75a39c61601b980648f7c9f9f71d',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -424,7 +442,7 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(ARDMediathekBaseIE):
         'skip': 'Error',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/tagesschau-oder-tagesschau-20-00-uhr/das-erste/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL3RhZ2Vzc2NoYXUvZmM4ZDUxMjgtOTE0ZC00Y2MzLTgzNzAtNDZkNGNiZWJkOTll',
-        'md5': 'f1837e563323b8a642a8ddeff0131f51',
+        'md5': '1e73ded21cb79bac065117e80c81dc88',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '10049223',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -432,13 +450,11 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(ARDMediathekBaseIE):
             'timestamp': 1636398000,
             'description': 'md5:39578c7b96c9fe50afdf5674ad985e6b',
             'upload_date': '20211108',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.ardmediathek.de/sendung/beforeigners/beforeigners/staffel-1/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL2JlZm9yZWlnbmVycw/1',
-        'playlist_count': 6,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL2JlZm9yZWlnbmVycw',
-            'title': 'beforeigners/beforeigners/staffel-1',
+            'display_id': 'tagesschau-oder-tagesschau-20-00-uhr/das-erste',
+            'duration': 915,
+            'episode': 'tagesschau, 20:00 Uhr',
+            'series': 'tagesschau',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:fbb21142783b0a49',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://beta.ardmediathek.de/ard/video/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL3RhdG9ydC9mYmM4NGM1NC0xNzU4LTRmZGYtYWFhZS0wYzcyZTIxNGEyMDE',
@@ -602,6 +618,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
     show {
       title
     }
+    image {
+      src
+    }
     synopsis
     title
     tracking {
@@ -640,6 +659,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'description': description,
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(player_page.get('broadcastedOn')),
             'series': try_get(player_page, lambda x: x['show']['title']),
+            'thumbnail': (media_collection.get('_previewImage')
+                          or try_get(player_page, lambda x: update_url(x['image']['src'], query=None, fragment=None))
+                          or self.get_thumbnail_from_html(display_id, url)),
         })
         info.update(self._ARD_extract_episode_info(info['title']))
         return info
+
+    def get_thumbnail_from_html(self, display_id, url):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, fatal=False) or ''
+        return (
+            self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None)
+            or self._html_search_meta('thumbnailUrl', webpage, default=None))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/arte.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/arte.py
index e3cc5afb0..139a3a729 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/arte.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/arte.py
@@ -48,17 +48,7 @@ class ArteTVIE(ArteTVBaseIE):
     }, {
         'note': 'No alt_title',
         'url': 'https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/110371-000-A/la-chaleur-supplice-des-arbres-de-rue/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '110371-000-A',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'upload_date': '20220718',
-            'duration': 154,
-            'timestamp': 1658162460,
-            'description': 'md5:5890f36fe7dccfadb8b7c0891de54786',
-            'title': 'La chaleur, supplice des arbres de rue',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://api-cdn.arte.tv/img/v2/image/CPE2sQDtD8GLQgt8DuYHLf/940x530',
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'}
+        'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://api.arte.tv/api/player/v2/config/de/100605-013-A',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -67,19 +57,20 @@ class ArteTVIE(ArteTVBaseIE):
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.arte.tv/de/videos/110203-006-A/zaz/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'age-restricted',
+        'url': 'https://www.arte.tv/de/videos/006785-000-A/the-element-of-crime/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '110203-006-A',
-            'chapters': 'count:16',
-            'description': 'md5:cf592f1df52fe52007e3f8eac813c084',
-            'alt_title': 'Zaz',
-            'title': 'Baloise Session 2022',
-            'timestamp': 1668445200,
-            'duration': 4054,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://api-cdn.arte.tv/img/v2/image/ubQjmVCGyRx3hmBuZEK9QZ/940x530',
-            'upload_date': '20221114',
+            'id': '006785-000-A',
+            'description': 'md5:c2f94fdfefc8a280e4dab68ab96ab0ba',
+            'title': 'The Element of Crime',
+            'timestamp': 1696111200,
+            'duration': 5849,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://api-cdn.arte.tv/img/v2/image/q82dTTfyuCXupPsGxXsd7B/940x530',
+            'upload_date': '20230930',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['geo restricted']
+        }
     }]
 
     _GEO_BYPASS = True
@@ -136,7 +127,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         lang = mobj.group('lang') or mobj.group('lang_2')
         langauge_code = self._LANG_MAP.get(lang)
 
-        config = self._download_json(f'{self._API_BASE}/config/{lang}/{video_id}', video_id)
+        config = self._download_json(f'{self._API_BASE}/config/{lang}/{video_id}', video_id, headers={
+            'x-validated-age': '18'
+        })
 
         geoblocking = traverse_obj(config, ('data', 'attributes', 'restriction', 'geoblocking')) or {}
         if geoblocking.get('restrictedArea'):
@@ -169,7 +162,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 )))
 
             short_label = traverse_obj(stream_version, 'shortLabel', expected_type=str, default='?')
-            if stream['protocol'].startswith('HLS'):
+            if 'HLS' in stream['protocol']:
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                     stream['url'], video_id=video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id=stream_version_code, fatal=False)
                 for fmt in fmts:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/asiancrush.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/asiancrush.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 23f310edb..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/asiancrush.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,196 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-import re
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .kaltura import KalturaIE
-from ..utils import (
-    extract_attributes,
-    int_or_none,
-    OnDemandPagedList,
-    parse_age_limit,
-    strip_or_none,
-    try_get,
-)
-
-
-class AsianCrushBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<host>(?:(?:asiancrush|yuyutv|midnightpulp)\.com|(?:cocoro|retrocrush)\.tv))'
-    _KALTURA_KEYS = [
-        'video_url', 'progressive_url', 'download_url', 'thumbnail_url',
-        'widescreen_thumbnail_url', 'screencap_widescreen',
-    ]
-    _API_SUFFIX = {'retrocrush.tv': '-ott'}
-
-    def _call_api(self, host, endpoint, video_id, query, resource):
-        return self._download_json(
-            'https://api%s.%s/%s' % (self._API_SUFFIX.get(host, ''), host, endpoint), video_id,
-            'Downloading %s JSON metadata' % resource, query=query,
-            headers=self.geo_verification_headers())['objects']
-
-    def _download_object_data(self, host, object_id, resource):
-        return self._call_api(
-            host, 'search', object_id, {'id': object_id}, resource)[0]
-
-    def _get_object_description(self, obj):
-        return strip_or_none(obj.get('long_description') or obj.get('short_description'))
-
-    def _parse_video_data(self, video):
-        title = video['name']
-
-        entry_id, partner_id = [None] * 2
-        for k in self._KALTURA_KEYS:
-            k_url = video.get(k)
-            if k_url:
-                mobj = re.search(r'/p/(\d+)/.+?/entryId/([^/]+)/', k_url)
-                if mobj:
-                    partner_id, entry_id = mobj.groups()
-                    break
-
-        meta_categories = try_get(video, lambda x: x['meta']['categories'], list) or []
-        categories = list(filter(None, [c.get('name') for c in meta_categories]))
-
-        show_info = video.get('show_info') or {}
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'url': 'kaltura:%s:%s' % (partner_id, entry_id),
-            'ie_key': KalturaIE.ie_key(),
-            'id': entry_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': self._get_object_description(video),
-            'age_limit': parse_age_limit(video.get('mpaa_rating') or video.get('tv_rating')),
-            'categories': categories,
-            'series': show_info.get('show_name'),
-            'season_number': int_or_none(show_info.get('season_num')),
-            'season_id': show_info.get('season_id'),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(show_info.get('episode_num')),
-        }
-
-
-class AsianCrushIE(AsianCrushBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'%s/video/(?:[^/]+/)?0+(?P<id>\d+)v\b' % AsianCrushBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.asiancrush.com/video/004289v/women-who-flirt',
-        'md5': 'c3b740e48d0ba002a42c0b72857beae6',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1_y4tmjm5r',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Women Who Flirt',
-            'description': 'md5:b65c7e0ae03a85585476a62a186f924c',
-            'timestamp': 1496936429,
-            'upload_date': '20170608',
-            'uploader_id': 'craig@crifkin.com',
-            'age_limit': 13,
-            'categories': 'count:5',
-            'duration': 5812,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.asiancrush.com/video/she-was-pretty/011886v-pretty-episode-3/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.yuyutv.com/video/013886v/the-act-of-killing/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.yuyutv.com/video/peep-show/013922v-warring-factions/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.midnightpulp.com/video/010400v/drifters/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.midnightpulp.com/video/mononoke/016378v-zashikiwarashi-part-1/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.cocoro.tv/video/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/008878v-the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz-ep01/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.retrocrush.tv/video/true-tears/012328v-i...gave-away-my-tears',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        host, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-
-        if host == 'cocoro.tv':
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-            embed_vars = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-                r'iEmbedVars\s*=\s*({.+?})', webpage, 'embed vars',
-                default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}
-            video_id = embed_vars.get('entry_id') or video_id
-
-        video = self._download_object_data(host, video_id, 'video')
-        return self._parse_video_data(video)
-
-
-class AsianCrushPlaylistIE(AsianCrushBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'%s/series/0+(?P<id>\d+)s\b' % AsianCrushBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.asiancrush.com/series/006447s/fruity-samurai',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6447',
-            'title': 'Fruity Samurai',
-            'description': 'md5:7535174487e4a202d3872a7fc8f2f154',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 13,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.yuyutv.com/series/013920s/peep-show/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.midnightpulp.com/series/016375s/mononoke/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.cocoro.tv/series/008549s/the-wonderful-wizard-of-oz/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.retrocrush.tv/series/012355s/true-tears',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    _PAGE_SIZE = 1000000000
-
-    def _fetch_page(self, domain, parent_id, page):
-        videos = self._call_api(
-            domain, 'getreferencedobjects', parent_id, {
-                'max': self._PAGE_SIZE,
-                'object_type': 'video',
-                'parent_id': parent_id,
-                'start': page * self._PAGE_SIZE,
-            }, 'page %d' % (page + 1))
-        for video in videos:
-            yield self._parse_video_data(video)
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        host, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-
-        if host == 'cocoro.tv':
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
-
-            entries = []
-
-            for mobj in re.finditer(
-                    r'<a[^>]+href=(["\'])(?P<url>%s.*?)\1[^>]*>' % AsianCrushIE._VALID_URL,
-                    webpage):
-                attrs = extract_attributes(mobj.group(0))
-                if attrs.get('class') == 'clearfix':
-                    entries.append(self.url_result(
-                        mobj.group('url'), ie=AsianCrushIE.ie_key()))
-
-            title = self._html_search_regex(
-                r'(?s)<h1\b[^>]\bid=["\']movieTitle[^>]+>(.+?)</h1>', webpage,
-                'title', default=None) or self._og_search_title(
-                webpage, default=None) or self._html_search_meta(
-                'twitter:title', webpage, 'title',
-                default=None) or self._html_extract_title(webpage)
-            if title:
-                title = re.sub(r'\s*\|\s*.+?$', '', title)
-
-            description = self._og_search_description(
-                webpage, default=None) or self._html_search_meta(
-                'twitter:description', webpage, 'description', fatal=False)
-        else:
-            show = self._download_object_data(host, playlist_id, 'show')
-            title = show.get('name')
-            description = self._get_object_description(show)
-            entries = OnDemandPagedList(
-                functools.partial(self._fetch_page, host, playlist_id),
-                self._PAGE_SIZE)
-
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, title, description)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/atresplayer.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/atresplayer.py
index a20e7f988..3a44e5265 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/atresplayer.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/atresplayer.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ class AtresPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_BASE = 'https://api.atresplayer.com/'
 
     def _handle_error(self, e, code):
-        if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == code:
-            error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read(), None)
+        if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == code:
+            error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read(), None)
             if error.get('error') == 'required_registered':
                 self.raise_login_required()
             raise ExtractorError(error['error_description'], expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/aws.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/aws.py
index eb831a153..c4741a6a1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/aws.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/aws.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ class AWSIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should end with
 
     def _aws_execute_api(self, aws_dict, video_id, query=None):
         query = query or {}
-        amz_date = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ')
+        amz_date = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc).strftime('%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ')
         date = amz_date[:8]
         headers = {
             'Accept': 'application/json',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/axs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/axs.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4b263725f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/axs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    float_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class AxsIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'axs.tv'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?axs\.tv/(?:channel/(?:[^/?#]+/)+)?video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.axs.tv/video/5f4dc776b70e4f1c194f22ef/',
+        'md5': '8d97736ae8e50c64df528e5e676778cf',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5f4dc776b70e4f1c194f22ef',
+            'title': 'Small Town',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:e314d28bfaa227a4d7ec965fae19997f',
+            'upload_date': '20230602',
+            'timestamp': 1685729564,
+            'duration': 1284.216,
+            'series': 'Rock & Roll Road Trip with Sammy Hagar',
+            'season': 2,
+            'episode': '3',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.dotstudiopro.com/5f4e9d330a0c3b295a7e8394',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.axs.tv/channel/rock-star-interview/video/daryl-hall',
+        'md5': '300ae795cd8f9984652c0949734ffbdc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5f488148b70e4f392572977c',
+            'display_id': 'daryl-hall',
+            'title': 'Daryl Hall',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:e54ecaa0f4b5683fc9259e9e4b196628',
+            'upload_date': '20230214',
+            'timestamp': 1676403615,
+            'duration': 2570.668,
+            'series': 'The Big Interview with Dan Rather',
+            'season': 3,
+            'episode': '5',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.dotstudiopro.com/5f4d1901f340b50d937cec32',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        webpage_json_data = self._search_json(
+            r'mountObj\s*=', webpage, 'video ID data', display_id,
+            transform_source=js_to_json)
+        video_id = webpage_json_data['video_id']
+        company_id = webpage_json_data['company_id']
+
+        meta = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.myspotlight.tv/dotplayer/video/{company_id}/{video_id}',
+            video_id, query={'device_type': 'desktop_web'})['video']
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            meta['video_m3u8'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+
+        subtitles = {}
+        for cc in traverse_obj(meta, ('closeCaption', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['srtPath']))):
+            subtitles.setdefault(cc.get('srtShortLang') or 'en', []).append(
+                {'ext': cc.get('srtExt'), 'url': cc['srtPath']})
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            **traverse_obj(meta, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'series': ('seriestitle', {str}),
+                'season': ('season', {int}),
+                'episode': ('episode', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/banbye.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/banbye.py
index c87342565..dfcc82f02 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/banbye.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/banbye.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_id):
 
 
 class BanByeIE(BanByeBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?banbye.com/(?:en/)?watch/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?banbye\.com/(?:en/)?watch/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://banbye.com/watch/v_ytfmvkVYLE8T',
         'md5': '2f4ea15c5ca259a73d909b2cfd558eb5',
@@ -59,7 +59,27 @@ class BanByeIE(BanByeBaseIE):
             'title': 'Krzysztof Karoń',
             'id': 'p_Ld82N6gBw_OJ',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 9,
+        'playlist_mincount': 9,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://banbye.com/watch/v_kb6_o1Kyq-CD',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'v_kb6_o1Kyq-CD',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Co tak naprawdę dzieje się we Francji?! Czy Warszawa a potem cała Polska będzie drugim Paryżem?!🤔🇵🇱',
+            'description': 'md5:82be4c0e13eae8ea1ca8b9f2e07226a8',
+            'uploader': 'Marcin Rola - MOIM ZDANIEM!🇵🇱',
+            'channel_id': 'ch_QgWnHvDG2fo5',
+            'channel_url': 'https://banbye.com/channel/ch_QgWnHvDG2fo5',
+            'duration': 597,
+            'timestamp': 1688642656,
+            'upload_date': '20230706',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.banbye.com/video/v_kb6_o1Kyq-CD/96.webp',
+            'tags': ['Paryż', 'Francja', 'Polska', 'Imigranci', 'Morawiecki', 'Tusk'],
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -100,7 +120,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class BanByeChannelIE(BanByeBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?banbye.com/(?:en/)?channel/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?banbye\.com/(?:en/)?channel/(?P<id>\w+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://banbye.com/channel/ch_wrealu24',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
index 9d28e70a3..d1d6e04fa 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
 import itertools
 import json
 import re
-import urllib.error
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError, compat_str, compat_urlparse
+from ..compat import compat_str, compat_urlparse
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     OnDemandPagedList,
@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@
     float_or_none,
     get_element_by_class,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
     parse_duration,
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_qs,
     strip_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -41,7 +43,6 @@ class BBCCoUkIE(InfoExtractor):
                             iplayer(?:/[^/]+)?/(?:episode/|playlist/)|
                             music/(?:clips|audiovideo/popular)[/#]|
                             radio/player/|
-                            sounds/play/|
                             events/[^/]+/play/[^/]+/
                         )
                         (?P<id>%s)(?!/(?:episodes|broadcasts|clips))
@@ -218,20 +219,6 @@ class BBCCoUkIE(InfoExtractor):
                 # rtmp download
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
-        }, {
-            'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m0007jzb',
-            'note': 'Audio',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'm0007jz9',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'BBC Proms, 2019, Prom 34: West–Eastern Divan Orchestra',
-                'description': "Live BBC Proms. West–Eastern Divan Orchestra with Daniel Barenboim and Martha Argerich.",
-                'duration': 9840,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                # rtmp download
-                'skip_download': True,
-            }
         }, {
             'url': 'http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/playlist/p01dvks4',
             'only_matching': True,
@@ -277,7 +264,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             post_url, None, 'Logging in', data=urlencode_postdata(login_form),
             headers={'Referer': self._LOGIN_URL})
 
-        if self._LOGIN_URL in urlh.geturl():
+        if self._LOGIN_URL in urlh.url:
             error = clean_html(get_element_by_class('form-message', response))
             if error:
                 raise ExtractorError(
@@ -388,8 +375,8 @@ def _process_media_selector(self, media_selection, programme_id):
                                 href, programme_id, ext='mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
                                 m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False)
                         except ExtractorError as e:
-                            if not (isinstance(e.exc_info[1], urllib.error.HTTPError)
-                                    and e.exc_info[1].code in (403, 404)):
+                            if not (isinstance(e.exc_info[1], HTTPError)
+                                    and e.exc_info[1].status in (403, 404)):
                                 raise
                             fmts = []
                         formats.extend(fmts)
@@ -472,7 +459,7 @@ def _download_playlist(self, playlist_id):
 
             return programme_id, title, description, duration, formats, subtitles
         except ExtractorError as ee:
-            if not (isinstance(ee.cause, compat_HTTPError) and ee.cause.code == 404):
+            if not (isinstance(ee.cause, HTTPError) and ee.cause.status == 404):
                 raise
 
         # fallback to legacy playlist
@@ -844,6 +831,20 @@ class BBCIE(BBCCoUkIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'upload_date': '20190604',
             'categories': ['Psychology'],
         },
+    }, {
+        # BBC Sounds
+        'url': 'https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m001q78b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'm001q789',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Night Tracks Mix - Music for the darkling hour',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/images/ic/raw/p0c00hym.jpg',
+            'chapters': 'count:8',
+            'description': 'md5:815fb51cbdaa270040aab8145b3f1d67',
+            'uploader': 'Radio 3',
+            'duration': 1800,
+            'uploader_id': 'bbc_radio_three',
+        },
     }, {  # onion routes
         'url': 'https://www.bbcnewsd73hkzno2ini43t4gblxvycyac5aw4gnv7t2rccijh7745uqd.onion/news/av/world-europe-63208576',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -983,7 +984,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                                     # Some playlist URL may fail with 500, at the same time
                                     # the other one may work fine (e.g.
                                     # http://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler/2015/06/150615_telabyad_kentin_cogu)
-                                    if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 500:
+                                    if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 500:
                                         continue
                                     raise
                             if entry:
@@ -1128,6 +1129,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'uploader_id': network.get('id'),
                     'formats': formats,
                     'subtitles': subtitles,
+                    'chapters': traverse_obj(preload_state, (
+                        'tracklist', 'tracks', lambda _, v: float_or_none(v['offset']['start']), {
+                            'title': ('titles', {lambda x: join_nonempty(
+                                'primary', 'secondary', 'tertiary', delim=' - ', from_dict=x)}),
+                            'start_time': ('offset', 'start', {float_or_none}),
+                            'end_time': ('offset', 'end', {float_or_none}),
+                        })) or None,
                 }
 
         bbc3_config = self._parse_json(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
index fd20aadad..34464daa1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
@@ -1,27 +1,197 @@
+from functools import partial
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    determine_ext,
+    format_field,
+    int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    orderedSet,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
 
 
-class BibelTVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bibeltv\.de/mediathek/videos/(?:crn/)?(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.bibeltv.de/mediathek/videos/329703-sprachkurs-in-malaiisch',
-        'md5': '252f908192d611de038b8504b08bf97f',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'ref:329703',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Sprachkurs in Malaiisch',
-            'description': 'md5:3e9f197d29ee164714e67351cf737dfe',
-            'timestamp': 1608316701,
-            'uploader_id': '5840105145001',
-            'upload_date': '20201218',
+class BibelTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['AT', 'CH', 'DE']
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
+
+    API_URL = 'https://www.bibeltv.de/mediathek/api'
+    AUTH_TOKEN = 'j88bRXY8DsEqJ9xmTdWhrByVi5Hm'
+
+    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, data, crn_id, *, is_live=False):
+        formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
+        for media_url in traverse_obj(data, (..., 'src', {url_or_none})):
+            media_ext = determine_ext(media_url)
+            if media_ext == 'm3u8':
+                m3u8_formats, m3u8_subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    media_url, crn_id, live=is_live)
+                formats.extend(m3u8_formats)
+                subtitles.update(m3u8_subs)
+            elif media_ext == 'mpd':
+                mpd_formats, mpd_subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(media_url, crn_id)
+                formats.extend(mpd_formats)
+                subtitles.update(mpd_subs)
+            elif media_ext == 'mp4':
+                formats.append({'url': media_url})
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Unknown format {media_ext!r}')
+
+        return formats, subtitles
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_base_info(data):
+        return {
+            'id': data['crn'],
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+                'duration': ('duration', {partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('schedulingStart', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'season_number': 'seasonNumber',
+                'episode_number': 'episodeNumber',
+                'view_count': 'viewCount',
+                'like_count': 'likeCount',
+            }),
+            'thumbnails': orderedSet(traverse_obj(data, ('images', ..., {
+                'url': ('url', {url_or_none}),
+            }))),
         }
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.bibeltv.de/mediathek/videos/crn/326374',
-        'only_matching': True,
+
+    def _extract_url_info(self, data):
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url',
+            'url': format_field(data, 'slug', 'https://www.bibeltv.de/mediathek/videos/%s'),
+            **self._extract_base_info(data),
+        }
+
+    def _extract_video_info(self, data):
+        crn_id = data['crn']
+
+        if data.get('drm'):
+            self.report_drm(crn_id)
+
+        json_data = self._download_json(
+            format_field(data, 'id', f'{self.API_URL}/video/%s'), crn_id,
+            headers={'Authorization': self.AUTH_TOKEN}, fatal=False,
+            errnote='No formats available') or {}
+
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(
+            traverse_obj(json_data, ('video', 'videoUrls', ...)), crn_id)
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'video',
+            **self._extract_base_info(data),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
+
+
+class BibelTVVideoIE(BibelTVBaseIE):
+    IE_DESC = 'BibelTV single video'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bibeltv\.de/mediathek/videos/(?P<id>\d+)[\w-]+'
+    IE_NAME = 'bibeltv:video'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bibeltv.de/mediathek/videos/344436-alte-wege',
+        'md5': 'ec1c07efe54353780512e8a4103b612e',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '344436',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Alte Wege',
+            'description': 'md5:2f4eb7294c9797a47b8fd13cccca22e9',
+            'timestamp': 1677877071,
+            'duration': 150.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230303',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://bibeltv\.imgix\.net/[\w-]+\.jpg',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'format': '6',
+        },
     }]
-    BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://players.brightcove.net/5840105145001/default_default/index.html?videoId=ref:%s'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         crn_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.url_result(
-            self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % crn_id, 'BrightcoveNew')
+        video_data = traverse_obj(
+            self._search_nextjs_data(self._download_webpage(url, crn_id), crn_id),
+            ('props', 'pageProps', 'videoPageData', 'videos', 0, {dict}))
+        if not video_data:
+            raise ExtractorError('Missing video data.')
+
+        return self._extract_video_info(video_data)
+
+
+class BibelTVSeriesIE(BibelTVBaseIE):
+    IE_DESC = 'BibelTV series playlist'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bibeltv\.de/mediathek/serien/(?P<id>\d+)[\w-]+'
+    IE_NAME = 'bibeltv:series'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bibeltv.de/mediathek/serien/333485-ein-wunder-fuer-jeden-tag',
+        'playlist_mincount': 400,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '333485',
+            'title': 'Ein Wunder für jeden Tag',
+            'description': 'Tägliche Kurzandacht mit Déborah Rosenkranz.',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        crn_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, crn_id)
+        nextjs_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, crn_id)
+        series_data = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, ('props', 'pageProps', 'seriePageData', {dict}))
+        if not series_data:
+            raise ExtractorError('Missing series data.')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            traverse_obj(series_data, ('videos', ..., {dict}, {self._extract_url_info})),
+            crn_id, series_data.get('title'), clean_html(series_data.get('description')))
+
+
+class BibelTVLiveIE(BibelTVBaseIE):
+    IE_DESC = 'BibelTV live program'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bibeltv\.de/livestreams/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'bibeltv:live'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bibeltv.de/livestreams/bibeltv/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'bibeltv',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 're:Bibel TV',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://streampreview.bibeltv.de/bibeltv.webp',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bibeltv.de/livestreams/impuls/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        stream_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, stream_id)
+        stream_data = self._search_json(
+            r'\\"video\\":', webpage, 'bibeltvData', stream_id,
+            transform_source=lambda jstring: js_to_json(jstring.replace('\\"', '"')))
+
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(
+            traverse_obj(stream_data, ('src', ...)), stream_id, is_live=True)
+
+        return {
+            'id': stream_id,
+            'title': stream_data.get('title'),
+            'thumbnail': stream_data.get('poster'),
+            'is_live': True,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bild.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bild.py
index f3dea33c4..eb289329d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bild.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bild.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
     unescapeHTML,
 )
 
@@ -8,7 +9,8 @@
 class BildIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bild\.de/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<display_id>[^/]+)-(?P<id>\d+)(?:,auto=true)?\.bild\.html'
     IE_DESC = 'Bild.de'
-    _TEST = {
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'note': 'static MP4 only',
         'url': 'http://www.bild.de/video/clip/apple-ipad-air/das-koennen-die-neuen-ipads-38184146.bild.html',
         'md5': 'dd495cbd99f2413502a1713a1156ac8a',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -19,7 +21,19 @@ class BildIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
             'duration': 196,
         }
-    }
+    }, {
+        'note': 'static MP4 and HLS',
+        'url': 'https://www.bild.de/video/clip/news-ausland/deftiger-abgang-vom-10m-turm-bademeister-sorgt-fuer-skandal-85158620.bild.html',
+        'md5': 'fb0ed4f09c495d4ba7ce2eee0bb90de1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '85158620',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Der Sprungturm-Skandal',
+            'description': 'md5:709b543c24dc31bbbffee73bccda34ad',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 69,
+        }
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -27,11 +41,23 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_data = self._download_json(
             url.split('.bild.html')[0] + ',view=json.bild.html', video_id)
 
+        formats = []
+        for src in traverse_obj(video_data, ('clipList', 0, 'srces', lambda _, v: v['src'])):
+            src_type = src.get('type')
+            if src_type == 'application/x-mpegURL':
+                formats.extend(
+                    self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                        src['src'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+            elif src_type == 'video/mp4':
+                formats.append({'url': src['src'], 'format_id': 'http-mp4'})
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unsupported format type: "{src_type}"')
+
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'title': unescapeHTML(video_data['title']).strip(),
             'description': unescapeHTML(video_data.get('description')),
-            'url': video_data['clipList'][0]['srces'][0]['src'],
+            'formats': formats,
             'thumbnail': video_data.get('poster'),
             'duration': int_or_none(video_data.get('durationSec')),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
index c34439779..9119f396b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
@@ -1,21 +1,26 @@
 import base64
 import functools
+import hashlib
 import itertools
 import math
-import urllib.error
+import re
+import time
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 from ..dependencies import Cryptodome
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     GeoRestrictedError,
     InAdvancePagedList,
     OnDemandPagedList,
+    bool_or_none,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     format_field,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     make_archive_id,
     merge_dicts,
     mimetype2ext,
@@ -26,30 +31,36 @@
     srt_subtitles_timecode,
     str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    unified_timestamp,
     unsmuggle_url,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
+    variadic,
 )
 
 
 class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _FORMAT_ID_RE = re.compile(r'-(\d+)\.m4s\?')
+
     def extract_formats(self, play_info):
         format_names = {
             r['quality']: traverse_obj(r, 'new_description', 'display_desc')
             for r in traverse_obj(play_info, ('support_formats', lambda _, v: v['quality']))
         }
 
-        audios = traverse_obj(play_info, ('dash', 'audio', ...))
+        audios = traverse_obj(play_info, ('dash', (None, 'dolby'), 'audio', ..., {dict}))
         flac_audio = traverse_obj(play_info, ('dash', 'flac', 'audio'))
         if flac_audio:
             audios.append(flac_audio)
         formats = [{
             'url': traverse_obj(audio, 'baseUrl', 'base_url', 'url'),
             'ext': mimetype2ext(traverse_obj(audio, 'mimeType', 'mime_type')),
-            'acodec': audio.get('codecs'),
+            'acodec': traverse_obj(audio, ('codecs', {str.lower})),
             'vcodec': 'none',
             'tbr': float_or_none(audio.get('bandwidth'), scale=1000),
-            'filesize': int_or_none(audio.get('size'))
+            'filesize': int_or_none(audio.get('size')),
+            'format_id': str_or_none(audio.get('id')),
         } for audio in audios]
 
         formats.extend({
@@ -60,9 +71,13 @@ def extract_formats(self, play_info):
             'height': int_or_none(video.get('height')),
             'vcodec': video.get('codecs'),
             'acodec': 'none' if audios else None,
+            'dynamic_range': {126: 'DV', 125: 'HDR10'}.get(int_or_none(video.get('id'))),
             'tbr': float_or_none(video.get('bandwidth'), scale=1000),
             'filesize': int_or_none(video.get('size')),
             'quality': int_or_none(video.get('id')),
+            'format_id': traverse_obj(
+                video, (('baseUrl', 'base_url'), {self._FORMAT_ID_RE.search}, 1),
+                ('id', {str_or_none}), get_all=False),
             'format': format_names.get(video.get('id')),
         } for video in traverse_obj(play_info, ('dash', 'video', ...)))
 
@@ -131,9 +146,20 @@ def _get_all_children(self, reply):
         for children in map(self._get_all_children, traverse_obj(reply, ('replies', ...))):
             yield from children
 
+    def _get_episodes_from_season(self, ss_id, url):
+        season_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/web/season/section', ss_id,
+            note='Downloading season info', query={'season_id': ss_id},
+            headers={'Referer': url, **self.geo_verification_headers()})
+
+        for entry in traverse_obj(season_info, (
+                'result', 'main_section', 'episodes',
+                lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['share_url']) and v['id'])):
+            yield self.url_result(entry['share_url'], BiliBiliBangumiIE, f'ep{entry["id"]}')
+
 
 class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.bilibili\.com/video/[aAbB][vV](?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/(?:video/|festival/\w+\?(?:[^#]*&)?bvid=)[aAbB][vV](?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV13x41117TL',
@@ -229,7 +255,7 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
             'description': 'md5:afde2b7ba9025c01d9e3dde10de221e4',
             'duration': 313.557,
             'upload_date': '20220709',
-            'uploader': '小夫Tech',
+            'uploader': '小夫太渴',
             'timestamp': 1657347907,
             'uploader_id': '1326814124',
             'comment_count': int,
@@ -281,19 +307,60 @@ class BiliBiliIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)$',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'note': 'video redirects to festival page',
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1wP4y1P72h',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'BV1wP4y1P72h',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '牛虎年相交之际，一首传统民族打击乐《牛斗虎》祝大家新春快乐，虎年大吉！【bilibili音乐虎闹新春】',
+            'timestamp': 1643947497,
+            'upload_date': '20220204',
+            'description': 'md5:8681a0d4d2c06b4ae27e59c8080a7fe6',
+            'uploader': '叨叨冯聊音乐',
+            'duration': 246.719,
+            'uploader_id': '528182630',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)$',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'note': 'newer festival video',
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/festival/2023honkaiimpact3gala?bvid=BV1ay4y1d77f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'BV1ay4y1d77f',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '【崩坏3新春剧场】为特别的你送上祝福！',
+            'timestamp': 1674273600,
+            'upload_date': '20230121',
+            'description': 'md5:58af66d15c6a0122dc30c8adfd828dd8',
+            'uploader': '果蝇轰',
+            'duration': 1111.722,
+            'uploader_id': '8469526',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)$',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         initial_state = self._search_json(r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', video_id)
-        play_info = self._search_json(r'window\.__playinfo__\s*=', webpage, 'play info', video_id)['data']
 
-        video_data = initial_state['videoData']
+        is_festival = 'videoData' not in initial_state
+        if is_festival:
+            video_data = initial_state['videoInfo']
+        else:
+            play_info = self._search_json(r'window\.__playinfo__\s*=', webpage, 'play info', video_id)['data']
+            video_data = initial_state['videoData']
+
         video_id, title = video_data['bvid'], video_data.get('title')
 
         # Bilibili anthologies are similar to playlists but all videos share the same video ID as the anthology itself.
-        page_list_json = traverse_obj(
+        page_list_json = not is_festival and traverse_obj(
             self._download_json(
                 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/pagelist', video_id,
                 fatal=False, query={'bvid': video_id, 'jsonp': 'jsonp'},
@@ -316,20 +383,39 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         cid = traverse_obj(video_data, ('pages', part_id - 1, 'cid')) if part_id else video_data.get('cid')
 
+        festival_info = {}
+        if is_festival:
+            play_info = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/playurl', video_id,
+                query={'bvid': video_id, 'cid': cid, 'fnval': 4048},
+                note='Extracting festival video formats')['data']
+
+            festival_info = traverse_obj(initial_state, {
+                'uploader': ('videoInfo', 'upName'),
+                'uploader_id': ('videoInfo', 'upMid', {str_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('videoStatus', 'like', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('sectionEpisodes', lambda _, v: v['bvid'] == video_id, 'cover'),
+            }, get_all=False)
+
         return {
+            **traverse_obj(initial_state, {
+                'uploader': ('upData', 'name'),
+                'uploader_id': ('upData', 'mid', {str_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('videoData', 'stat', 'like', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., 'tag_name'),
+                'thumbnail': ('videoData', 'pic', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **festival_info,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'description': 'desc',
+                'timestamp': ('pubdate', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': (('viewCount', ('stat', 'view')), {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('stat', 'reply', {int_or_none}),
+            }, get_all=False),
             'id': f'{video_id}{format_field(part_id, None, "_p%d")}',
             'formats': self.extract_formats(play_info),
             '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id(self, old_video_id)] if old_video_id else None,
             'title': title,
-            'description': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('videoData', 'desc')),
-            'view_count': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('videoData', 'stat', 'view')),
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('upData', 'name')),
-            'uploader_id': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('upData', 'mid')),
-            'like_count': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('videoData', 'stat', 'like')),
-            'comment_count': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('videoData', 'stat', 'reply')),
-            'tags': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('tags', ..., 'tag_name')),
-            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('videoData', 'pic')),
-            'timestamp': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('videoData', 'pubdate')),
             'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
             'chapters': self._get_chapters(aid, cid),
             'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, aid, cid),
@@ -339,77 +425,94 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?x)https?://www\.bilibili\.com/bangumi/play/(?P<id>(?:ss|ep)\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/bangumi/play/(?P<id>ep\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/play/ss897',
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/play/ep267851',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'ss897',
+            'id': '267851',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'series': '神的记事本',
-            'season': '神的记事本',
-            'season_id': 897,
+            'series': '鬼灭之刃',
+            'series_id': '4358',
+            'season': '鬼灭之刃',
+            'season_id': '26801',
             'season_number': 1,
-            'episode': '你与旅行包',
-            'episode_number': 2,
-            'title': '神的记事本：第2话 你与旅行包',
-            'duration': 1428.487,
-            'timestamp': 1310809380,
-            'upload_date': '20110716',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)$',
+            'episode': '残酷',
+            'episode_id': '267851',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'title': '1 残酷',
+            'duration': 1425.256,
+            'timestamp': 1554566400,
+            'upload_date': '20190406',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)$'
         },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/play/ep508406',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'skip': 'According to the copyright owner\'s request, you may only watch the video after you are premium member.'
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        episode_id = video_id[2:]
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         if '您所在的地区无法观看本片' in webpage:
             raise GeoRestrictedError('This video is restricted')
-        elif ('开通大会员观看' in webpage and '__playinfo__' not in webpage
-                or '正在观看预览，大会员免费看全片' in webpage):
+        elif '正在观看预览，大会员免费看全片' in webpage:
             self.raise_login_required('This video is for premium members only')
 
-        play_info = self._search_json(r'window\.__playinfo__\s*=', webpage, 'play info', video_id)['data']
+        headers = {'Referer': url, **self.geo_verification_headers()}
+        play_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/player/web/v2/playurl', video_id,
+            'Extracting episode', query={'fnval': '4048', 'ep_id': episode_id},
+            headers=headers)
+        premium_only = play_info.get('code') == -10403
+        play_info = traverse_obj(play_info, ('result', 'video_info', {dict})) or {}
+
         formats = self.extract_formats(play_info)
-        if (not formats and '成为大会员抢先看' in webpage
-                and play_info.get('durl') and not play_info.get('dash')):
+        if not formats and (premium_only or '成为大会员抢先看' in webpage or '开通大会员观看' in webpage):
             self.raise_login_required('This video is for premium members only')
 
-        initial_state = self._search_json(r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', video_id)
+        bangumi_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/view/web/season', video_id, 'Get episode details',
+            query={'ep_id': episode_id}, headers=headers)['result']
 
-        season_id = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('mediaInfo', 'season_id'))
+        episode_number, episode_info = next((
+            (idx, ep) for idx, ep in enumerate(traverse_obj(
+                bangumi_info, ('episodes', ..., {dict})), 1)
+            if str_or_none(ep.get('id')) == episode_id), (1, {}))
+
+        season_id = bangumi_info.get('season_id')
         season_number = season_id and next((
             idx + 1 for idx, e in enumerate(
-                traverse_obj(initial_state, ('mediaInfo', 'seasons', ...)))
+                traverse_obj(bangumi_info, ('seasons', ...)))
             if e.get('season_id') == season_id
         ), None)
 
+        aid = episode_info.get('aid')
+
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'title': traverse_obj(initial_state, 'h1Title'),
-            'episode': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('epInfo', 'long_title')),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(traverse_obj(initial_state, ('epInfo', 'title'))),
-            'series': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('mediaInfo', 'series')),
-            'season': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('mediaInfo', 'season_title')),
-            'season_id': season_id,
+            **traverse_obj(bangumi_info, {
+                'series': ('series', 'series_title', {str}),
+                'series_id': ('series', 'series_id', {str_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('square_cover', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+            'title': join_nonempty('title', 'long_title', delim=' ', from_dict=episode_info),
+            'episode': episode_info.get('long_title'),
+            'episode_id': episode_id,
+            'episode_number': int_or_none(episode_info.get('title')) or episode_number,
+            'season_id': str_or_none(season_id),
             'season_number': season_number,
-            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('epInfo', 'cover')),
-            'timestamp': traverse_obj(initial_state, ('epInfo', 'pub_time')),
+            'timestamp': int_or_none(episode_info.get('pub_time')),
             'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
-            'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(
-                video_id, initial_state, traverse_obj(initial_state, ('epInfo', 'cid'))),
-            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(traverse_obj(initial_state, ('epInfo', 'aid'))),
-            'http_headers': {'Referer': url, **self.geo_verification_headers()},
+            'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, aid, episode_info.get('cid')),
+            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid),
+            'http_headers': headers,
         }
 
 
-class BiliBiliBangumiMediaIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.bilibili\.com/bangumi/media/md(?P<id>\d+)'
+class BiliBiliBangumiMediaIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/bangumi/media/md(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/media/md24097891',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -421,16 +524,26 @@ class BiliBiliBangumiMediaIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         media_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, media_id)
+        ss_id = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial_state', media_id)['mediaInfo']['season_id']
 
-        initial_state = self._search_json(r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial_state', media_id)
-        episode_list = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/web/season/section', media_id,
-            query={'season_id': initial_state['mediaInfo']['season_id']},
-            note='Downloading season info')['result']['main_section']['episodes']
+        return self.playlist_result(self._get_episodes_from_season(ss_id, url), media_id)
 
-        return self.playlist_result((
-            self.url_result(entry['share_url'], BiliBiliBangumiIE, entry['aid'])
-            for entry in episode_list), media_id)
+
+class BiliBiliBangumiSeasonIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?x)https?://(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/bangumi/play/ss(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/bangumi/play/ss26801',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '26801'
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 26
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        ss_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(self._get_episodes_from_season(ss_id, url), ss_id)
 
 
 class BilibiliSpaceBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -453,21 +566,65 @@ class BilibiliSpaceVideoIE(BilibiliSpaceBaseIE):
             'id': '3985676',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 178,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/313580179/video',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '313580179',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 92,
     }]
 
+    def _extract_signature(self, playlist_id):
+        session_data = self._download_json('https://api.bilibili.com/x/web-interface/nav', playlist_id, fatal=False)
+
+        key_from_url = lambda x: x[x.rfind('/') + 1:].split('.')[0]
+        img_key = traverse_obj(
+            session_data, ('data', 'wbi_img', 'img_url', {key_from_url})) or '34478ba821254d9d93542680e3b86100'
+        sub_key = traverse_obj(
+            session_data, ('data', 'wbi_img', 'sub_url', {key_from_url})) or '7e16a90d190a4355a78fd00b32a38de6'
+
+        session_key = img_key + sub_key
+
+        signature_values = []
+        for position in (
+            46, 47, 18, 2, 53, 8, 23, 32, 15, 50, 10, 31, 58, 3, 45, 35, 27, 43, 5, 49, 33, 9, 42, 19, 29, 28, 14, 39,
+            12, 38, 41, 13, 37, 48, 7, 16, 24, 55, 40, 61, 26, 17, 0, 1, 60, 51, 30, 4, 22, 25, 54, 21, 56, 59, 6, 63,
+            57, 62, 11, 36, 20, 34, 44, 52
+        ):
+            char_at_position = try_call(lambda: session_key[position])
+            if char_at_position:
+                signature_values.append(char_at_position)
+
+        return ''.join(signature_values)[:32]
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         playlist_id, is_video_url = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'video')
         if not is_video_url:
             self.to_screen('A channel URL was given. Only the channel\'s videos will be downloaded. '
                            'To download audios, add a "/audio" to the URL')
 
+        signature = self._extract_signature(playlist_id)
+
         def fetch_page(page_idx):
+            query = {
+                'keyword': '',
+                'mid': playlist_id,
+                'order': 'pubdate',
+                'order_avoided': 'true',
+                'platform': 'web',
+                'pn': page_idx + 1,
+                'ps': 30,
+                'tid': 0,
+                'web_location': 1550101,
+                'wts': int(time.time()),
+            }
+            query['w_rid'] = hashlib.md5(f'{urllib.parse.urlencode(query)}{signature}'.encode()).hexdigest()
+
             try:
-                response = self._download_json('https://api.bilibili.com/x/space/arc/search',
-                                               playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page_idx}',
-                                               query={'mid': playlist_id, 'pn': page_idx + 1, 'jsonp': 'jsonp'})
+                response = self._download_json('https://api.bilibili.com/x/space/wbi/arc/search',
+                                               playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page_idx}', query=query)
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 412:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 412:
                     raise ExtractorError(
                         'Request is blocked by server (412), please add cookies, wait and try later.', expected=True)
                 raise
@@ -495,9 +652,9 @@ def get_entries(page_data):
 class BilibiliSpaceAudioIE(BilibiliSpaceBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<id>\d+)/audio'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/3985676/audio',
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/313580179/audio',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3985676',
+            'id': '313580179',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 1,
     }]
@@ -525,13 +682,35 @@ def get_entries(page_data):
         return self.playlist_result(paged_list, playlist_id)
 
 
-class BilibiliSpacePlaylistIE(BilibiliSpaceBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://space.bilibili\.com/(?P<mid>\d+)/channel/collectiondetail\?sid=(?P<sid>\d+)'
+class BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE(BilibiliSpaceBaseIE):
+    def _get_entries(self, page_data, bvid_keys, ending_key='bvid'):
+        for bvid in traverse_obj(page_data, (*variadic(bvid_keys, (str, bytes, dict, set)), ..., ending_key, {str})):
+            yield self.url_result(f'https://www.bilibili.com/video/{bvid}', BiliBiliIE, bvid)
+
+    def _get_uploader(self, uid, playlist_id):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://space.bilibili.com/{uid}', playlist_id, fatal=False)
+        return self._search_regex(r'(?s)<title\b[^>]*>([^<]+)的个人空间-', webpage, 'uploader', fatal=False)
+
+    def _extract_playlist(self, fetch_page, get_metadata, get_entries):
+        metadata, page_list = super()._extract_playlist(fetch_page, get_metadata, get_entries)
+        metadata.pop('page_count', None)
+        metadata.pop('page_size', None)
+        return metadata, page_list
+
+
+class BilibiliCollectionListIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<mid>\d+)/channel/collectiondetail/?\?sid=(?P<sid>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/2142762/channel/collectiondetail?sid=57445',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '2142762_57445',
-            'title': '《底特律 变人》'
+            'title': '【完结】《底特律 变人》全结局流程解说',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': '老戴在此',
+            'uploader_id': '2142762',
+            'timestamp': int,
+            'upload_date': str,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://archive.biliimg.com/bfs/archive/e0e543ae35ad3df863ea7dea526bc32e70f4c091.jpg',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 31,
     }]
@@ -552,22 +731,251 @@ def get_metadata(page_data):
             return {
                 'page_count': math.ceil(entry_count / page_size),
                 'page_size': page_size,
-                'title': traverse_obj(page_data, ('meta', 'name'))
+                'uploader': self._get_uploader(mid, playlist_id),
+                **traverse_obj(page_data, {
+                    'title': ('meta', 'name', {str}),
+                    'description': ('meta', 'description', {str}),
+                    'uploader_id': ('meta', 'mid', {str_or_none}),
+                    'timestamp': ('meta', 'ptime', {int_or_none}),
+                    'thumbnail': ('meta', 'cover', {url_or_none}),
+                })
             }
 
         def get_entries(page_data):
-            for entry in page_data.get('archives', []):
-                yield self.url_result(f'https://www.bilibili.com/video/{entry["bvid"]}',
-                                      BiliBiliIE, entry['bvid'])
+            return self._get_entries(page_data, 'archives')
 
         metadata, paged_list = self._extract_playlist(fetch_page, get_metadata, get_entries)
-        return self.playlist_result(paged_list, playlist_id, metadata['title'])
+        return self.playlist_result(paged_list, playlist_id, **metadata)
+
+
+class BilibiliSeriesListIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<mid>\d+)/channel/seriesdetail/?\?\bsid=(?P<sid>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/1958703906/channel/seriesdetail?sid=547718&ctype=0',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1958703906_547718',
+            'title': '直播回放',
+            'description': '直播回放',
+            'uploader': '靡烟miya',
+            'uploader_id': '1958703906',
+            'timestamp': 1637985853,
+            'upload_date': '20211127',
+            'modified_timestamp': int,
+            'modified_date': str,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 513,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        mid, sid = self._match_valid_url(url).group('mid', 'sid')
+        playlist_id = f'{mid}_{sid}'
+        playlist_meta = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.bilibili.com/x/series/series?series_id={sid}', playlist_id, fatal=False
+        ), {
+            'title': ('data', 'meta', 'name', {str}),
+            'description': ('data', 'meta', 'description', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': ('data', 'meta', 'mid', {str_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('data', 'meta', 'ctime', {int_or_none}),
+            'modified_timestamp': ('data', 'meta', 'mtime', {int_or_none}),
+        })
+
+        def fetch_page(page_idx):
+            return self._download_json(
+                'https://api.bilibili.com/x/series/archives',
+                playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page_idx}',
+                query={'mid': mid, 'series_id': sid, 'pn': page_idx + 1, 'ps': 30})['data']
+
+        def get_metadata(page_data):
+            page_size = page_data['page']['size']
+            entry_count = page_data['page']['total']
+            return {
+                'page_count': math.ceil(entry_count / page_size),
+                'page_size': page_size,
+                'uploader': self._get_uploader(mid, playlist_id),
+                **playlist_meta
+            }
+
+        def get_entries(page_data):
+            return self._get_entries(page_data, 'archives')
+
+        metadata, paged_list = self._extract_playlist(fetch_page, get_metadata, get_entries)
+        return self.playlist_result(paged_list, playlist_id, **metadata)
+
+
+class BilibiliFavoritesListIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:space\.bilibili\.com/\d+/favlist/?\?fid=|(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/medialist/detail/ml)(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/84912/favlist?fid=1103407912&ftype=create',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1103407912',
+            'title': '【V2】（旧）',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': '晓月春日',
+            'uploader_id': '84912',
+            'timestamp': 1604905176,
+            'upload_date': '20201109',
+            'modified_timestamp': int,
+            'modified_date': str,
+            'thumbnail': r"re:http://i\d\.hdslb\.com/bfs/archive/14b83c62aa8871b79083df1e9ab4fbc699ad16fe\.jpg",
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 22,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/medialist/detail/ml1103407912',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        fid = self._match_id(url)
+
+        list_info = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.bilibili.com/x/v3/fav/resource/list?media_id={fid}&pn=1&ps=20',
+            fid, note='Downloading favlist metadata')
+        if list_info['code'] == -403:
+            self.raise_login_required(msg='This is a private favorites list. You need to log in as its owner')
+
+        entries = self._get_entries(self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.bilibili.com/x/v3/fav/resource/ids?media_id={fid}',
+            fid, note='Download favlist entries'), 'data')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, fid, **traverse_obj(list_info, ('data', 'info', {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'description': ('intro', {str}),
+            'uploader': ('upper', 'name', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': ('upper', 'mid', {str_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('ctime', {int_or_none}),
+            'modified_timestamp': ('mtime', {int_or_none}),
+            'thumbnail': ('cover', {url_or_none}),
+            'view_count': ('cnt_info', 'play', {int_or_none}),
+            'like_count': ('cnt_info', 'thumb_up', {int_or_none}),
+        })))
+
+
+class BilibiliWatchlaterIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/watchlater/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/watchlater/#/list',
+        'info_dict': {'id': 'watchlater'},
+        'playlist_mincount': 0,
+        'skip': 'login required',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        list_id = getattr(self._get_cookies(url).get('DedeUserID'), 'value', 'watchlater')
+        watchlater_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/v2/history/toview/web?jsonp=jsonp', list_id)
+        if watchlater_info['code'] == -101:
+            self.raise_login_required(msg='You need to login to access your watchlater list')
+        entries = self._get_entries(watchlater_info, ('data', 'list'))
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, id=list_id, title='稍后再看')
+
+
+class BilibiliPlaylistIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/(?:medialist/play|list)/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/list/1958703906?sid=547718',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5_547718',
+            'title': '直播回放',
+            'uploader': '靡烟miya',
+            'uploader_id': '1958703906',
+            'timestamp': 1637985853,
+            'upload_date': '20211127',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 513,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/medialist/play/1958703906?business=space_series&business_id=547718&desc=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5_547718',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 513,
+        'skip': 'redirect url',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/list/ml1103407912',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3_1103407912',
+            'title': '【V2】（旧）',
+            'uploader': '晓月春日',
+            'uploader_id': '84912',
+            'timestamp': 1604905176,
+            'upload_date': '20201109',
+            'thumbnail': r"re:http://i\d\.hdslb\.com/bfs/archive/14b83c62aa8871b79083df1e9ab4fbc699ad16fe\.jpg",
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 22,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/medialist/play/ml1103407912',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3_1103407912',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 22,
+        'skip': 'redirect url',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/list/watchlater',
+        'info_dict': {'id': 'watchlater'},
+        'playlist_mincount': 0,
+        'skip': 'login required',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/medialist/play/watchlater',
+        'info_dict': {'id': 'watchlater'},
+        'playlist_mincount': 0,
+        'skip': 'login required',
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_medialist(self, query, list_id):
+        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
+            page_data = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.bilibili.com/x/v2/medialist/resource/list',
+                list_id, query=query, note=f'getting playlist {query["biz_id"]} page {page_num}'
+            )['data']
+            yield from self._get_entries(page_data, 'media_list', ending_key='bv_id')
+            query['oid'] = traverse_obj(page_data, ('media_list', -1, 'id'))
+            if not page_data.get('has_more', False):
+                break
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        list_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, list_id)
+        initial_state = self._search_json(r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', list_id)
+        if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'code', {int_or_none})) != 200:
+            error_code = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode', {int_or_none}))
+            error_message = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'message', {str_or_none}))
+            if error_code == -400 and list_id == 'watchlater':
+                self.raise_login_required('You need to login to access your watchlater playlist')
+            elif error_code == -403:
+                self.raise_login_required('This is a private playlist. You need to login as its owner')
+            elif error_code == 11010:
+                raise ExtractorError('Playlist is no longer available', expected=True)
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Could not access playlist: {error_code} {error_message}')
+
+        query = {
+            'ps': 20,
+            'with_current': False,
+            **traverse_obj(initial_state, {
+                'type': ('playlist', 'type', {int_or_none}),
+                'biz_id': ('playlist', 'id', {int_or_none}),
+                'tid': ('tid', {int_or_none}),
+                'sort_field': ('sortFiled', {int_or_none}),
+                'desc': ('desc', {bool_or_none}, {str_or_none}, {str.lower}),
+            })
+        }
+        metadata = {
+            'id': f'{query["type"]}_{query["biz_id"]}',
+            **traverse_obj(initial_state, ('mediaListInfo', {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('upper', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('upper', 'mid', {str_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('ctime', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('cover', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
+        }
+        return self.playlist_result(self._extract_medialist(query, list_id), **metadata)
 
 
 class BilibiliCategoryIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'Bilibili category extractor'
     _MAX_RESULTS = 1000000
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.bilibili\.com/v/[a-zA-Z]+\/[a-zA-Z]+'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/v/[a-zA-Z]+\/[a-zA-Z]+'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.bilibili.com/v/kichiku/mad',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -996,6 +1404,53 @@ class BiliIntlIE(BiliIntlBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:https?://pic[-\.]bstarstatic.+/ugc/.+\.jpg$',
             'upload_date': '20221212',
             'title': 'Kimetsu no Yaiba Season 3 Official Trailer - Bstation',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # episode comment extraction
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.tv/en/play/34580/340317',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '340317',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'timestamp': 1604057820,
+            'upload_date': '20201030',
+            'episode_number': 5,
+            'title': 'E5 - My Own Steel',
+            'description': 'md5:2b17ab10aebb33e3c2a54da9e8e487e2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://pic\.bstarstatic\.com/ogv/.+\.png$',
+            'episode': 'Episode 5',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'chapters': [{
+                'start_time': 0,
+                'end_time': 61.0,
+                'title': '<Untitled Chapter 1>'
+            }, {
+                'start_time': 61.0,
+                'end_time': 134.0,
+                'title': 'Intro'
+            }, {
+                'start_time': 1290.0,
+                'end_time': 1379.0,
+                'title': 'Outro'
+            }],
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'getcomments': True
+        }
+    }, {
+        # user generated content comment extraction
+        'url': 'https://www.bilibili.tv/en/video/2045730385',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2045730385',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:693b6f3967fb4e7e7764ea817857c33a',
+            'timestamp': 1667891924,
+            'upload_date': '20221108',
+            'title': 'That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime: Scarlet Bond - Official Trailer 3| AnimeStan - Bstation',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.bstarstatic.com/ugc/f6c363659efd2eabe5683fbb906b1582.jpg',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'getcomments': True
         }
     }, {
         # episode id without intro and outro
@@ -1055,11 +1510,69 @@ def _extract_video_metadata(self, url, video_id, season_id):
 
         # XXX: webpage metadata may not accurate, it just used to not crash when video_data not found
         return merge_dicts(
-            self._parse_video_metadata(video_data), self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id), {
+            self._parse_video_metadata(video_data), self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, fatal=False), {
                 'title': self._html_search_meta('og:title', webpage),
                 'description': self._html_search_meta('og:description', webpage)
             })
 
+    def _get_comments_reply(self, root_id, next_id=0, display_id=None):
+        comment_api_raw_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.bilibili.tv/reply/web/detail', display_id,
+            note=f'Downloading reply comment of {root_id} - {next_id}',
+            query={
+                'platform': 'web',
+                'ps': 20,  # comment's reply per page (default: 3)
+                'root': root_id,
+                'next': next_id,
+            })
+
+        for replies in traverse_obj(comment_api_raw_data, ('data', 'replies', ...)):
+            yield {
+                'author': traverse_obj(replies, ('member', 'name')),
+                'author_id': traverse_obj(replies, ('member', 'mid')),
+                'author_thumbnail': traverse_obj(replies, ('member', 'face')),
+                'text': traverse_obj(replies, ('content', 'message')),
+                'id': replies.get('rpid'),
+                'like_count': int_or_none(replies.get('like_count')),
+                'parent': replies.get('parent'),
+                'timestamp': unified_timestamp(replies.get('ctime_text'))
+            }
+
+        if not traverse_obj(comment_api_raw_data, ('data', 'cursor', 'is_end')):
+            yield from self._get_comments_reply(
+                root_id, comment_api_raw_data['data']['cursor']['next'], display_id)
+
+    def _get_comments(self, video_id, ep_id):
+        for i in itertools.count(0):
+            comment_api_raw_data = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.bilibili.tv/reply/web/root', video_id,
+                note=f'Downloading comment page {i + 1}',
+                query={
+                    'platform': 'web',
+                    'pn': i,  # page number
+                    'ps': 20,  # comment per page (default: 20)
+                    'oid': video_id,
+                    'type': 3 if ep_id else 1,  # 1: user generated content, 3: series content
+                    'sort_type': 1,  # 1: best, 2: recent
+                })
+
+            for replies in traverse_obj(comment_api_raw_data, ('data', 'replies', ...)):
+                yield {
+                    'author': traverse_obj(replies, ('member', 'name')),
+                    'author_id': traverse_obj(replies, ('member', 'mid')),
+                    'author_thumbnail': traverse_obj(replies, ('member', 'face')),
+                    'text': traverse_obj(replies, ('content', 'message')),
+                    'id': replies.get('rpid'),
+                    'like_count': int_or_none(replies.get('like_count')),
+                    'timestamp': unified_timestamp(replies.get('ctime_text')),
+                    'author_is_uploader': bool(traverse_obj(replies, ('member', 'type'))),
+                }
+                if replies.get('count'):
+                    yield from self._get_comments_reply(replies.get('rpid'), display_id=video_id)
+
+            if traverse_obj(comment_api_raw_data, ('data', 'cursor', 'is_end')):
+                break
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         season_id, ep_id, aid = self._match_valid_url(url).group('season_id', 'ep_id', 'aid')
         video_id = ep_id or aid
@@ -1087,7 +1600,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             **self._extract_video_metadata(url, video_id, season_id),
             'formats': self._get_formats(ep_id=ep_id, aid=aid),
             'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(ep_id=ep_id, aid=aid),
-            'chapters': chapters
+            'chapters': chapters,
+            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(video_id, ep_id)
         }
 
 
@@ -1146,7 +1660,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class BiliLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://live.bilibili.com/(?:blanc/)?(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://live\.bilibili\.com/(?:blanc/)?(?P<id>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://live.bilibili.com/196',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bitchute.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bitchute.py
index 10e7b0b2b..0805b8b46 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bitchute.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bitchute.py
@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    HEADRequest,
     OnDemandPagedList,
     clean_html,
     get_element_by_class,
@@ -77,7 +77,10 @@ class BitChuteIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _check_format(self, video_url, video_id):
         urls = orderedSet(
             re.sub(r'(^https?://)(seed\d+)(?=\.bitchute\.com)', fr'\g<1>{host}', video_url)
-            for host in (r'\g<2>', 'seed150', 'seed151', 'seed152', 'seed153'))
+            for host in (r'\g<2>', 'seed122', 'seed125', 'seed126', 'seed128',
+                         'seed132', 'seed150', 'seed151', 'seed152', 'seed153',
+                         'seed167', 'seed171', 'seed177', 'seed305', 'seed307',
+                         'seedp29xb', 'zb10-7gsop1v78'))
         for url in urls:
             try:
                 response = self._request_webpage(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/booyah.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/booyah.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 5c55f2c76..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/booyah.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import int_or_none, str_or_none, traverse_obj
-
-
-class BooyahBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _BOOYAH_SESSION_KEY = None
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        BooyahBaseIE._BOOYAH_SESSION_KEY = self._request_webpage(
-            'https://booyah.live/api/v3/auths/sessions', None, data=b'').getheader('booyah-session-key')
-
-    def _get_comments(self, video_id):
-        comment_json = self._download_json(
-            f'https://booyah.live/api/v3/playbacks/{video_id}/comments/tops', video_id,
-            headers={'Booyah-Session-Key': self._BOOYAH_SESSION_KEY}, fatal=False) or {}
-
-        return [{
-            'id': comment.get('comment_id'),
-            'author': comment.get('from_nickname'),
-            'author_id': comment.get('from_uid'),
-            'author_thumbnail': comment.get('from_thumbnail'),
-            'text': comment.get('content'),
-            'timestamp': comment.get('create_time'),
-            'like_count': comment.get('like_cnt'),
-        } for comment in comment_json.get('comment_list') or ()]
-
-
-class BooyahClipsIE(BooyahBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://booyah.live/clips/(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://booyah.live/clips/13887261322952306617',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '13887261322952306617',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'duration': 30,
-            'channel_id': 90565760,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'title': 'Cayendo con estilo 😎',
-            'uploader': '♡LɪꜱGΛ​MER​',
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'uploader_id': '90565760',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://resmambet-a.akamaihd.net/mambet-storage/Clip/90565760/90565760-27204374-fba0-409d-9d7b-63a48b5c0e75.jpg',
-            'upload_date': '20220617',
-            'timestamp': 1655490556,
-            'modified_timestamp': 1655490556,
-            'modified_date': '20220617',
-        }
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        json_data = self._download_json(
-            f'https://booyah.live/api/v3/playbacks/{video_id}', video_id,
-            headers={'Booyah-Session-key': self._BOOYAH_SESSION_KEY})
-
-        formats = []
-        for video_data in json_data['playback']['endpoint_list']:
-            formats.extend(({
-                'url': video_data.get('stream_url'),
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'height': video_data.get('resolution'),
-            }, {
-                'url': video_data.get('download_url'),
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'format_note': 'Watermarked',
-                'height': video_data.get('resolution'),
-                'preference': -10,
-            }))
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': traverse_obj(json_data, ('playback', 'name')),
-            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(json_data, ('playback', 'thumbnail_url')),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'view_count': traverse_obj(json_data, ('playback', 'views')),
-            'like_count': traverse_obj(json_data, ('playback', 'likes')),
-            'duration': traverse_obj(json_data, ('playback', 'duration')),
-            'comment_count': traverse_obj(json_data, ('playback', 'comment_cnt')),
-            'channel_id': traverse_obj(json_data, ('playback', 'channel_id')),
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(json_data, ('user', 'nickname')),
-            'uploader_id': str_or_none(traverse_obj(json_data, ('user', 'uid'))),
-            'modified_timestamp': int_or_none(traverse_obj(json_data, ('playback', 'update_time_ms')), 1000),
-            'timestamp': int_or_none(traverse_obj(json_data, ('playback', 'create_time_ms')), 1000),
-            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(video_id, self._get_comments(video_id)),
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
index f28e581b8..7fe089944 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
@@ -1,56 +1,170 @@
+import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
+    get_elements_by_class,
+    join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
-    determine_ext,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
+    variadic,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+def html_get_element(tag=None, cls=None):
+    assert tag or cls, 'One of tag or class is required'
+
+    if cls:
+        func = functools.partial(get_elements_by_class, cls, tag=tag)
+    else:
+        func = functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, tag)
+
+    def html_get_element_wrapper(html):
+        return variadic(func(html))[0]
+
+    return html_get_element_wrapper
 
 
 class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bpb\.de/mediathek/(?P<id>[0-9]+)/'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?bpb\.de/(?:[^/?#]+/)*(?P<id>\d+)(?:[/?#]|$)'
 
-    _TEST = {
+    _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.bpb.de/mediathek/297/joachim-gauck-zu-1989-und-die-erinnerung-an-die-ddr',
-        'md5': 'c4f84c8a8044ca9ff68bb8441d300b3f',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '297',
             'ext': 'mp4',
+            'creator': 'Kooperative Berlin',
+            'description': 'md5:f4f75885ba009d3e2b156247a8941ce6',
+            'release_date': '20160115',
+            'series': 'Interview auf dem Geschichtsforum 1989 | 2009',
+            'tags': ['Friedliche Revolution', 'Erinnerungskultur', 'Vergangenheitspolitik', 'DDR 1949 - 1990', 'Freiheitsrecht', 'BStU', 'Deutschland'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/7/297_teaser_16x9_1240.jpg?8839D',
             'title': 'Joachim Gauck zu 1989 und die Erinnerung an die DDR',
-            'description': 'Joachim Gauck, erster Beauftragter für die Stasi-Unterlagen, spricht auf dem Geschichtsforum über die friedliche Revolution 1989 und eine "gewisse Traurigkeit" im Umgang mit der DDR-Vergangenheit.'
+            'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bpb.de/mediathek/video/522184/krieg-flucht-und-falschmeldungen-wirstattdesinformation-2/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '522184',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'creator': 'Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)',
+            'description': 'md5:f83c795ff8f825a69456a9e51fc15903',
+            'release_date': '20230621',
+            'tags': ['Desinformation', 'Ukraine', 'Russland', 'Geflüchtete'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/4/522184_teaser_16x9_1240.png?EABFB',
+            'title': 'md5:9b01ccdbf58dbf9e5c9f6e771a803b1c',
+            'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bpb.de/lernen/bewegtbild-und-politische-bildung/webvideo/518789/krieg-flucht-und-falschmeldungen-wirstattdesinformation-1/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '518789',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'creator': 'Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)',
+            'description': 'md5:85228aed433e84ff0ff9bc582abd4ea8',
+            'release_date': '20230302',
+            'tags': ['Desinformation', 'Ukraine', 'Russland', 'Geflüchtete'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/9/518789_teaser_16x9_1240.jpeg?56D0D',
+            'title': 'md5:3e956f264bb501f6383f10495a401da4',
+            'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bpb.de/mediathek/podcasts/apuz-podcast/539727/apuz-20-china/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bpb.de/mediathek/audio/315813/folge-1-eine-einfuehrung/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '315813',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'creator': 'Axel Schröder',
+            'description': 'md5:eda9d1af34e5912efef5baf54fba4427',
+            'release_date': '20200921',
+            'series': 'Auf Endlagersuche. Der deutsche Weg zu einem sicheren Atommülllager',
+            'tags': ['Atomenergie', 'Endlager', 'hoch-radioaktiver Abfall', 'Endlagersuche', 'Atommüll', 'Atomendlager', 'Gorleben', 'Deutschland'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/3/315813_teaser_16x9_1240.png?92A94',
+            'title': 'Folge 1: Eine Einführung',
+            'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bpb.de/517806/die-weltanschauung-der-neuen-rechten/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '517806',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'creator': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
+            'description': 'md5:594689600e919912aade0b2871cc3fed',
+            'release_date': '20230127',
+            'series': 'Vorträge des Fachtags "Modernisierer. Grenzgänger. Anstifter. Sechs Jahrzehnte \'Neue Rechte\'"',
+            'tags': ['Rechtsextremismus', 'Konservatismus', 'Konservativismus', 'neue Rechte', 'Rechtspopulismus', 'Schnellroda', 'Deutschland'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/6/517806_teaser_16x9_1240.png?7A7A0',
+            'title': 'Die Weltanschauung der "Neuen Rechten"',
+            'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bpb.de/mediathek/reihen/zahlen-und-fakten-soziale-situation-filme/520153/zahlen-und-fakten-die-soziale-situation-in-deutschland-migration/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _TITLE_RE = re.compile('(?P<title>[^<]*)<[^>]+>(?P<series>[^<]*)')
+
+    def _parse_vue_attributes(self, name, string, video_id):
+        attributes = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(rf'(<{name}(?:"[^"]*?"|[^>])*>)', string, name))
+
+        for key, value in attributes.items():
+            if key.startswith(':'):
+                attributes[key] = self._parse_json(value, video_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=False)
+
+        return attributes
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _process_source(source):
+        url = url_or_none(source['src'])
+        if not url:
+            return None
+
+        source_type = source.get('type', '')
+        extension = mimetype2ext(source_type)
+        is_video = source_type.startswith('video')
+        note = url.rpartition('.')[0].rpartition('_')[2] if is_video else None
+
+        return {
+            'url': url,
+            'ext': extension,
+            'vcodec': None if is_video else 'none',
+            'quality': 10 if note == 'high' else 0,
+            'format_note': note,
+            'format_id': join_nonempty(extension, note),
         }
-    }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        title = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<h2 class="white">(.*?)</h2>', webpage, 'title')
-        video_info_dicts = re.findall(
-            r"({\s*src\s*:\s*'https?://film\.bpb\.de/[^}]+})", webpage)
-
-        formats = []
-        for video_info in video_info_dicts:
-            video_info = self._parse_json(
-                video_info, video_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=False)
-            if not video_info:
-                continue
-            video_url = video_info.get('src')
-            if not video_url:
-                continue
-            quality = 'high' if '_high' in video_url else 'low'
-            formats.append({
-                'url': video_url,
-                'quality': 10 if quality == 'high' else 0,
-                'format_note': quality,
-                'format_id': '%s-%s' % (quality, determine_ext(video_url)),
-            })
+        title_result = traverse_obj(webpage, ({html_get_element(cls='opening-header__title')}, {self._TITLE_RE.match}))
+        json_lds = list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, video_id, fatal=False))
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'title': traverse_obj(title_result, ('title', {str.strip})) or None,
+            # This metadata could be interpreted otherwise, but it fits "series" the most
+            'series': traverse_obj(title_result, ('series', {str.strip})) or None,
+            'description': join_nonempty(*traverse_obj(webpage, [(
+                {html_get_element(cls='opening-intro')},
+                [{html_get_element(tag='bpb-accordion-item')}, {html_get_element(cls='text-content')}],
+            ), {clean_html}]), delim='\n\n') or None,
+            'creator': self._html_search_meta('author', webpage),
+            'uploader': self._html_search_meta('publisher', webpage),
+            'release_date': unified_strdate(self._html_search_meta('date', webpage)),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(json_lds, (..., 'keywords', {lambda x: x.split(',')}, ...)),
+            **traverse_obj(self._parse_vue_attributes('bpb-player', webpage, video_id), {
+                'formats': (':sources', ..., {self._process_source}),
+                'thumbnail': ('poster', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)}),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/brainpop.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/brainpop.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1200437e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/brainpop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,318 @@
+import json
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    classproperty,
+    int_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    urljoin
+)
+
+
+class BrainPOPBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'brainpop'
+    _ORIGIN = ''  # So that _VALID_URL doesn't crash
+    _LOGIN_ERRORS = {
+        1502: 'The username and password you entered did not match.',  # LOGIN_FAILED
+        1503: 'Payment method is expired.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_ACCOUNT_NOT_ACTIVE
+        1506: 'Your BrainPOP plan has expired.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_ACCOUNT_EXPIRED
+        1507: 'Terms not accepted.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_TERMS_NOT_ACCEPTED
+        1508: 'Account not activated.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_SUBSCRIPTION_NOT_ACTIVE
+        1512: 'The maximum number of devices permitted are logged in with your account right now.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_LOGIN_LIMIT_REACHED
+        1513: 'You are trying to access your account from outside of its allowed IP range.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_INVALID_IP
+        1514: 'Individual accounts are not included in your plan. Try again with your shared username and password.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_MBP_DISABLED
+        1515: 'Account not activated.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_TEACHER_NOT_ACTIVE
+        1523: 'That username and password won\'t work on this BrainPOP site.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_NO_ACCESS
+        1524: 'You\'ll need to join a class before you can login.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_STUDENT_NO_PERIOD
+        1526: 'Your account is locked. Reset your password, or ask a teacher or administrator for help.',  # LOGIN_FAILED_ACCOUNT_LOCKED
+    }
+
+    @classproperty
+    def _VALID_URL(cls):
+        root = re.escape(cls._ORIGIN).replace(r'https:', r'https?:').replace(r'www\.', r'(?:www\.)?')
+        return rf'{root}/(?P<slug>[^/]+/[^/]+/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
+
+    def _assemble_formats(self, slug, format_id, display_id, token='', extra_fields={}):
+        formats = []
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            f'{urljoin(self._HLS_URL, slug)}.m3u8?{token}',
+            display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=f'{format_id}-hls', fatal=False)
+        formats.append({
+            'format_id': format_id,
+            'url': f'{urljoin(self._VIDEO_URL, slug)}?{token}',
+        })
+        for f in formats:
+            f.update(extra_fields)
+        return formats
+
+    def _extract_adaptive_formats(self, data, token, display_id, key_format='%s', extra_fields={}):
+        formats = []
+        additional_key_formats = {
+            '%s': {},
+            'ad_%s': {
+                'format_note': 'Audio description',
+                'source_preference': -2
+            }
+        }
+        for additional_key_format, additional_key_fields in additional_key_formats.items():
+            for key_quality, key_index in enumerate(('high', 'low')):
+                full_key_index = additional_key_format % (key_format % key_index)
+                if data.get(full_key_index):
+                    formats.extend(self._assemble_formats(data[full_key_index], full_key_index, display_id, token, {
+                        'quality': -1 - key_quality,
+                        **additional_key_fields,
+                        **extra_fields
+                    }))
+        return formats
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        login_res = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.brainpop.com/api/login', None,
+            data=json.dumps({'username': username, 'password': password}).encode(),
+            headers={
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                'Referer': self._ORIGIN
+            }, note='Logging in', errnote='Unable to log in', expected_status=400)
+        status_code = int_or_none(login_res['status_code'])
+        if status_code != 1505:
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Unable to login: {self._LOGIN_ERRORS.get(status_code) or login_res.get("message")}'
+                or f'Got status code {status_code}')
+
+
+class BrainPOPIE(BrainPOPBaseIE):
+    _ORIGIN = 'https://www.brainpop.com'
+    _VIDEO_URL = 'https://svideos.brainpop.com'
+    _HLS_URL = 'https://hls.brainpop.com'
+    _CDN_URL = 'https://cdn.brainpop.com'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.brainpop.com/health/conflictresolution/martinlutherkingjr/movie?ref=null',
+        'md5': '3ead374233ae74c7f1b0029a01c972f0',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1f3259fa457292b4',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Martin Luther King, Jr.',
+            'display_id': 'martinlutherkingjr',
+            'description': 'md5:f403dbb2bf3ccc7cf4c59d9e43e3c349',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.brainpop.com/science/space/bigbang/',
+        'md5': '9a1ff0e77444dd9e437354eb669c87ec',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'acae52cd48c99acf',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Big Bang',
+            'display_id': 'bigbang',
+            'description': 'md5:3e53b766b0f116f631b13f4cae185d38',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Requires login',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        slug, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
+        movie_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.brainpop.com/api/content/published/bp/en/{slug}/movie?full=1', display_id,
+            'Downloading movie data JSON', 'Unable to download movie data')['data']
+        topic_data = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.brainpop.com/api/content/published/bp/en/{slug}?full=1', display_id,
+            'Downloading topic data JSON', 'Unable to download topic data', fatal=False),
+            ('data', 'topic'), expected_type=dict) or movie_data['topic']
+
+        if not traverse_obj(movie_data, ('access', 'allow')):
+            reason = traverse_obj(movie_data, ('access', 'reason'))
+            if 'logged' in reason:
+                self.raise_login_required(reason, metadata_available=True)
+            else:
+                self.raise_no_formats(reason, video_id=display_id)
+        movie_feature = movie_data['feature']
+        movie_feature_data = movie_feature['data']
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        formats.extend(self._extract_adaptive_formats(movie_feature_data, movie_feature_data.get('token', ''), display_id, '%s_v2', {
+            'language': movie_feature.get('language') or 'en',
+            'language_preference': 10
+        }))
+        for lang, localized_feature in traverse_obj(movie_feature, 'localization', default={}, expected_type=dict).items():
+            formats.extend(self._extract_adaptive_formats(localized_feature, localized_feature.get('token', ''), display_id, '%s_v2', {
+                'language': lang,
+                'language_preference': -10
+            }))
+
+        # TODO: Do localization fields also have subtitles?
+        for name, url in movie_feature_data.items():
+            lang = self._search_regex(
+                r'^subtitles_(?P<lang>\w+)$', name, 'subtitle metadata', default=None)
+            if lang and url:
+                subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append({
+                    'url': urljoin(self._CDN_URL, url)
+                })
+
+        return {
+            'id': topic_data['topic_id'],
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'title': topic_data.get('name'),
+            'description': topic_data.get('synopsis'),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
+
+
+class BrainPOPLegacyBaseIE(BrainPOPBaseIE):
+    def _parse_js_topic_data(self, topic_data, display_id, token):
+        movie_data = topic_data['movies']
+        # TODO: Are there non-burned subtitles?
+        formats = self._extract_adaptive_formats(movie_data, token, display_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': topic_data['EntryID'],
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'title': topic_data.get('name'),
+            'alt_title': topic_data.get('title'),
+            'description': topic_data.get('synopsis'),
+            'formats': formats,
+        }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        slug, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        topic_data = self._search_json(
+            r'var\s+content\s*=\s*', webpage, 'content data',
+            display_id, end_pattern=';')['category']['unit']['topic']
+        token = self._search_regex(r'ec_token\s*:\s*[\'"]([^\'"]+)', webpage, 'video token')
+        return self._parse_js_topic_data(topic_data, display_id, token)
+
+
+class BrainPOPJrIE(BrainPOPLegacyBaseIE):
+    _ORIGIN = 'https://jr.brainpop.com'
+    _VIDEO_URL = 'https://svideos-jr.brainpop.com'
+    _HLS_URL = 'https://hls-jr.brainpop.com'
+    _CDN_URL = 'https://cdn-jr.brainpop.com'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://jr.brainpop.com/health/feelingsandsel/emotions/',
+        'md5': '04e0561bb21770f305a0ce6cf0d869ab',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '347',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Emotions',
+            'display_id': 'emotions',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://jr.brainpop.com/science/habitats/arctichabitats/',
+        'md5': 'b0ed063bbd1910df00220ee29340f5d6',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '29',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Arctic Habitats',
+            'display_id': 'arctichabitats',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Requires login',
+    }]
+
+
+class BrainPOPELLIE(BrainPOPLegacyBaseIE):
+    _ORIGIN = 'https://ell.brainpop.com'
+    _VIDEO_URL = 'https://svideos-esl.brainpop.com'
+    _HLS_URL = 'https://hls-esl.brainpop.com'
+    _CDN_URL = 'https://cdn-esl.brainpop.com'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://ell.brainpop.com/level1/unit1/lesson1/',
+        'md5': 'a2012700cfb774acb7ad2e8834eed0d0',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Lesson 1',
+            'display_id': 'lesson1',
+            'alt_title': 'Personal Pronouns',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://ell.brainpop.com/level3/unit6/lesson5/',
+        'md5': 'be19c8292c87b24aacfb5fda2f3f8363',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '101',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Lesson 5',
+            'display_id': 'lesson5',
+            'alt_title': 'Review: Unit 6',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Requires login',
+    }]
+
+
+class BrainPOPEspIE(BrainPOPLegacyBaseIE):
+    IE_DESC = 'BrainPOP Español'
+    _ORIGIN = 'https://esp.brainpop.com'
+    _VIDEO_URL = 'https://svideos.brainpop.com'
+    _HLS_URL = 'https://hls.brainpop.com'
+    _CDN_URL = 'https://cdn.brainpop.com/mx'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://esp.brainpop.com/ciencia/la_diversidad_de_la_vida/ecosistemas/',
+        'md5': 'cb3f062db2b3c5240ddfcfde7108f8c9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3893',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Ecosistemas',
+            'display_id': 'ecosistemas',
+            'description': 'md5:80fc55b07e241f8c8f2aa8d74deaf3c3',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://esp.brainpop.com/espanol/la_escritura/emily_dickinson/',
+        'md5': '98c1b9559e0e33777209c425cda7dac4',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7146',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Emily Dickinson',
+            'display_id': 'emily_dickinson',
+            'description': 'md5:2795ad87b1d239c9711c1e92ab5a978b',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Requires login',
+    }]
+
+
+class BrainPOPFrIE(BrainPOPLegacyBaseIE):
+    IE_DESC = 'BrainPOP Français'
+    _ORIGIN = 'https://fr.brainpop.com'
+    _VIDEO_URL = 'https://svideos.brainpop.com'
+    _HLS_URL = 'https://hls.brainpop.com'
+    _CDN_URL = 'https://cdn.brainpop.com/fr'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://fr.brainpop.com/sciencesdelaterre/energie/sourcesdenergie/',
+        'md5': '97e7f48af8af93f8a2be11709f239371',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1651',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Sources d\'énergie',
+            'display_id': 'sourcesdenergie',
+            'description': 'md5:7eece350f019a21ef9f64d4088b2d857',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://fr.brainpop.com/francais/ecrire/plagiat/',
+        'md5': '0cf2b4f89804d0dd4a360a51310d445a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5803',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Plagiat',
+            'display_id': 'plagiat',
+            'description': 'md5:4496d87127ace28e8b1eda116e77cd2b',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Requires login',
+    }]
+
+
+class BrainPOPIlIE(BrainPOPLegacyBaseIE):
+    IE_DESC = 'BrainPOP Hebrew'
+    _ORIGIN = 'https://il.brainpop.com'
+    _VIDEO_URL = 'https://svideos.brainpop.com'
+    _HLS_URL = 'https://hls.brainpop.com'
+    _CDN_URL = 'https://cdn.brainpop.com/he'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://il.brainpop.com/category_9/subcategory_150/subjects_3782/',
+        'md5': '9e4ea9dc60ecd385a6e5ca12ccf31641',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3782',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:e993632fcda0545d9205602ec314ad67',
+            'display_id': 'subjects_3782',
+            'description': 'md5:4cc084a8012beb01f037724423a4d4ed',
+        },
+    }]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
index d4895848e..419fe8c9c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
@@ -1,117 +1,189 @@
-import re
-
 from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
-    smuggle_url,
-    update_url_query,
-    int_or_none,
+    extract_attributes,
     float_or_none,
-    try_get,
-    dict_get,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    int_or_none,
+    merge_dicts,
+    parse_age_limit,
+    remove_end,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unescapeHTML,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    update_url_query,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
 class BravoTVIE(AdobePassIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<req_id>bravotv|oxygen)\.com/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<site>bravotv|oxygen)\.com/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.bravotv.com/top-chef/season-16/episode-15/videos/the-top-chef-season-16-winner-is',
-        'md5': 'e34684cfea2a96cd2ee1ef3a60909de9',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'epL0pmK1kQlT',
+            'id': '3923059',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'The Top Chef Season 16 Winner Is...',
             'description': 'Find out who takes the title of Top Chef!',
-            'uploader': 'NBCU-BRAV',
             'upload_date': '20190314',
             'timestamp': 1552591860,
             'season_number': 16,
             'episode_number': 15,
             'series': 'Top Chef',
             'episode': 'The Top Chef Season 16 Winner Is...',
-            'duration': 190.0,
-        }
+            'duration': 190.357,
+            'season': 'Season 16',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.bravotv.com/below-deck/season-3/ep-14-reunion-part-1',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://www.bravotv.com/top-chef/season-20/episode-1/london-calling',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9000234570',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'London Calling',
+            'description': 'md5:5af95a8cbac1856bd10e7562f86bb759',
+            'upload_date': '20230310',
+            'timestamp': 1678410000,
+            'season_number': 20,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'series': 'Top Chef',
+            'episode': 'London Calling',
+            'duration': 3266.03,
+            'season': 'Season 20',
+            'chapters': 'count:7',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.oxygen.com/in-ice-cold-blood/season-1/closing-night',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3692045',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Closing Night',
+            'description': 'md5:3170065c5c2f19548d72a4cbc254af63',
+            'upload_date': '20180401',
+            'timestamp': 1522623600,
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'series': 'In Ice Cold Blood',
+            'episode': 'Closing Night',
+            'duration': 2629.051,
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'chapters': 'count:6',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'This video requires AdobePass MSO credentials',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.oxygen.com/in-ice-cold-blood/season-2/episode-16/videos/handling-the-horwitz-house-after-the-murder-season-2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3974019',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '\'Handling The Horwitz House After The Murder (Season 2, Episode 16)',
+            'description': 'md5:f9d638dd6946a1c1c0533a9c6100eae5',
+            'upload_date': '20190617',
+            'timestamp': 1560790800,
+            'season_number': 2,
+            'episode_number': 16,
+            'series': 'In Ice Cold Blood',
+            'episode': '\'Handling The Horwitz House After The Murder (Season 2, Episode 16)',
+            'duration': 68.235,
+            'season': 'Season 2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bravotv.com/below-deck/season-3/ep-14-reunion-part-1',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        site, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        site, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('site', 'id')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        settings = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'<script[^>]+data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json"[^>]*>({.+?})</script>', webpage, 'drupal settings'),
-            display_id)
-        info = {}
+        settings = self._search_json(
+            r'<script[^>]+data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json"[^>]*>', webpage, 'settings', display_id)
+        tve = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_class('tve-video-deck-app', webpage) or '')
         query = {
-            'mbr': 'true',
+            'manifest': 'm3u',
+            'formats': 'm3u,mpeg4',
         }
-        account_pid, release_pid = [None] * 2
-        tve = settings.get('ls_tve')
+
         if tve:
-            query['manifest'] = 'm3u'
-            mobj = re.search(r'<[^>]+id="pdk-player"[^>]+data-url=["\']?(?:https?:)?//player\.theplatform\.com/p/([^/]+)/(?:[^/]+/)*select/([^?#&"\']+)', webpage)
-            if mobj:
-                account_pid, tp_path = mobj.groups()
-                release_pid = tp_path.strip('/').split('/')[-1]
-            else:
-                account_pid = 'HNK2IC'
-                tp_path = release_pid = tve['release_pid']
-            if tve.get('entitlement') == 'auth':
-                adobe_pass = settings.get('tve_adobe_auth', {})
-                if site == 'bravotv':
-                    site = 'bravo'
+            account_pid = tve.get('data-mpx-media-account-pid') or 'HNK2IC'
+            account_id = tve['data-mpx-media-account-id']
+            metadata = self._parse_json(
+                tve.get('data-normalized-video', ''), display_id, fatal=False, transform_source=unescapeHTML)
+            video_id = tve.get('data-guid') or metadata['guid']
+            if tve.get('data-entitlement') == 'auth':
+                auth = traverse_obj(settings, ('tve_adobe_auth', {dict})) or {}
+                site = remove_end(site, 'tv')
+                release_pid = tve['data-release-pid']
                 resource = self._get_mvpd_resource(
-                    adobe_pass.get('adobePassResourceId') or site,
-                    tve['title'], release_pid, tve.get('rating'))
-                query['auth'] = self._extract_mvpd_auth(
-                    url, release_pid,
-                    adobe_pass.get('adobePassRequestorId') or site, resource)
+                    tve.get('data-adobe-pass-resource-id') or auth.get('adobePassResourceId') or site,
+                    tve['data-title'], release_pid, tve.get('data-rating'))
+                query.update({
+                    'switch': 'HLSServiceSecure',
+                    'auth': self._extract_mvpd_auth(
+                        url, release_pid, auth.get('adobePassRequestorId') or site, resource),
+                })
+
         else:
-            shared_playlist = settings['ls_playlist']
-            account_pid = shared_playlist['account_pid']
-            metadata = shared_playlist['video_metadata'][shared_playlist['default_clip']]
-            tp_path = release_pid = metadata.get('release_pid')
-            if not release_pid:
-                release_pid = metadata['guid']
-                tp_path = 'media/guid/2140479951/' + release_pid
-            info.update({
-                'title': metadata['title'],
-                'description': metadata.get('description'),
-                'season_number': int_or_none(metadata.get('season_num')),
-                'episode_number': int_or_none(metadata.get('episode_num')),
-            })
-            query['switch'] = 'progressive'
-
-        tp_url = 'http://link.theplatform.com/s/%s/%s' % (account_pid, tp_path)
+            ls_playlist = traverse_obj(settings, ('ls_playlist', ..., {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
+            account_pid = ls_playlist.get('mpxMediaAccountPid') or 'PHSl-B'
+            account_id = ls_playlist['mpxMediaAccountId']
+            video_id = ls_playlist['defaultGuid']
+            metadata = traverse_obj(
+                ls_playlist, ('videos', lambda _, v: v['guid'] == video_id, {dict}), get_all=False)
 
+        tp_url = f'https://link.theplatform.com/s/{account_pid}/media/guid/{account_id}/{video_id}'
         tp_metadata = self._download_json(
-            update_url_query(tp_url, {'format': 'preview'}),
-            display_id, fatal=False)
-        if tp_metadata:
-            info.update({
-                'title': tp_metadata.get('title'),
-                'description': tp_metadata.get('description'),
-                'duration': float_or_none(tp_metadata.get('duration'), 1000),
-                'season_number': int_or_none(
-                    dict_get(tp_metadata, ('pl1$seasonNumber', 'nbcu$seasonNumber'))),
-                'episode_number': int_or_none(
-                    dict_get(tp_metadata, ('pl1$episodeNumber', 'nbcu$episodeNumber'))),
-                # For some reason the series is sometimes wrapped into a single element array.
-                'series': try_get(
-                    dict_get(tp_metadata, ('pl1$show', 'nbcu$show')),
-                    lambda x: x[0] if isinstance(x, list) else x,
-                    expected_type=str),
-                'episode': dict_get(
-                    tp_metadata, ('pl1$episodeName', 'nbcu$episodeName', 'title')),
-            })
+            update_url_query(tp_url, {'format': 'preview'}), video_id, fatal=False)
 
-        info.update({
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'id': release_pid,
-            'url': smuggle_url(update_url_query(tp_url, query), {'force_smil_url': True}),
-            'ie_key': 'ThePlatform',
-        })
-        return info
+        seconds_or_none = lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)
+        chapters = traverse_obj(tp_metadata, ('chapters', ..., {
+            'start_time': ('startTime', {seconds_or_none}),
+            'end_time': ('endTime', {seconds_or_none}),
+        }))
+        # prune pointless single chapters that span the entire duration from short videos
+        if len(chapters) == 1 and not traverse_obj(chapters, (0, 'end_time')):
+            chapters = None
+
+        m3u8_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(
+            update_url_query(f'{tp_url}/stream.m3u8', query)), video_id, 'Checking m3u8 URL').url
+        if 'mpeg_cenc' in m3u8_url:
+            self.report_drm(video_id)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'chapters': chapters,
+            **merge_dicts(traverse_obj(tp_metadata, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+                'duration': ('duration', {seconds_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('pubDate', {seconds_or_none}),
+                'season_number': (('pl1$seasonNumber', 'nbcu$seasonNumber'), {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': (('pl1$episodeNumber', 'nbcu$episodeNumber'), {int_or_none}),
+                'series': (('pl1$show', 'nbcu$show'), (None, ...), {str}),
+                'episode': (('title', 'pl1$episodeNumber', 'nbcu$episodeNumber'), {str_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('ratings', ..., 'rating', {parse_age_limit}),
+            }, get_all=False), traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+                'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('airDate', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'season_number': ('seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode': 'episodeTitle',
+                'series': 'show',
+            }))
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/breitbart.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/breitbart.py
index ea0a59c86..b5abb7f19 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/breitbart.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/breitbart.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 class BreitBartIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?:\/\/(?:www\.)breitbart.com/videos/v/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?breitbart\.com/videos/v/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.breitbart.com/videos/v/5cOz1yup/?pl=Ij6NDOji',
         'md5': '0aa6d1d6e183ac5ca09207fe49f17ade',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py
index 2b7ddcae8..61b18412d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py
@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
-    compat_HTTPError,
     compat_parse_qs,
     compat_urlparse,
 )
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     dict_get,
@@ -575,6 +575,7 @@ def build_format_id(kind):
                 self.raise_no_formats(
                     error.get('message') or error.get('error_subcode') or error['error_code'], expected=True)
 
+        headers.pop('Authorization', None)  # or else http formats will give error 400
         for f in formats:
             f.setdefault('http_headers', {}).update(headers)
 
@@ -895,8 +896,9 @@ def extract_policy_key():
             store_pk(policy_key)
             return policy_key
 
-        api_url = 'https://edge.api.brightcove.com/playback/v1/accounts/%s/%ss/%s' % (account_id, content_type, video_id)
-        headers = {}
+        token = smuggled_data.get('token')
+        api_url = f'https://{"edge-auth" if token else "edge"}.api.brightcove.com/playback/v1/accounts/{account_id}/{content_type}s/{video_id}'
+        headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {token}'} if token else {}
         referrer = smuggled_data.get('referrer')  # XXX: notice the spelling/case of the key
         if referrer:
             headers.update({
@@ -913,8 +915,8 @@ def extract_policy_key():
                 json_data = self._download_json(api_url, video_id, headers=headers)
                 break
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (401, 403):
-                    json_data = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)[0]
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status in (401, 403):
+                    json_data = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)[0]
                     message = json_data.get('message') or json_data['error_code']
                     if json_data.get('error_subcode') == 'CLIENT_GEO':
                         self.raise_geo_restricted(msg=message)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/brilliantpala.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/brilliantpala.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0bf8622c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/brilliantpala.py
@@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
+import hashlib
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    traverse_obj,
+    urlencode_postdata,
+)
+
+
+class BrilliantpalaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'brilliantpala'
+    _DOMAIN = '{subdomain}.brilliantpala.org'
+
+    def _initialize_pre_login(self):
+        self._HOMEPAGE = f'https://{self._DOMAIN}'
+        self._LOGIN_API = f'{self._HOMEPAGE}/login/'
+        self._LOGOUT_DEVICES_API = f'{self._HOMEPAGE}/logout_devices/?next=/'
+        self._CONTENT_API = f'{self._HOMEPAGE}/api/v2.4/contents/{{content_id}}/'
+        self._HLS_AES_URI = f'{self._HOMEPAGE}/api/v2.5/video_contents/{{content_id}}/key/'
+
+    def _get_logged_in_username(self, url, video_id):
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
+        if urlh.url.startswith(self._LOGIN_API):
+            self.raise_login_required()
+        return self._html_search_regex(
+            r'"username"\s*:\s*"(?P<username>[^"]+)"', webpage, 'logged-in username')
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        login_form = self._hidden_inputs(self._download_webpage(
+            self._LOGIN_API, None, 'Downloading login page'))
+        login_form.update({
+            'username': username,
+            'password': password,
+        })
+        self._set_cookie(self._DOMAIN, 'csrftoken', login_form['csrfmiddlewaretoken'])
+
+        logged_page = self._download_webpage(
+            self._LOGIN_API, None, note='Logging in', headers={'Referer': self._LOGIN_API},
+            data=urlencode_postdata(login_form))
+
+        if self._html_search_regex(
+                r'(Your username / email and password)', logged_page, 'auth fail', default=None):
+            raise ExtractorError('wrong username or password', expected=True)
+
+        # the maximum number of logins is one
+        if self._html_search_regex(
+                r'(Logout Other Devices)', logged_page, 'logout devices button', default=None):
+            logout_device_form = self._hidden_inputs(logged_page)
+            self._download_webpage(
+                self._LOGOUT_DEVICES_API, None, headers={'Referer': self._LOGIN_API},
+                note='Logging out other devices', data=urlencode_postdata(logout_device_form))
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        course_id, content_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('course_id', 'content_id')
+        video_id = f'{course_id}-{content_id}'
+
+        username = self._get_logged_in_username(url, video_id)
+
+        content_json = self._download_json(
+            self._CONTENT_API.format(content_id=content_id), video_id,
+            note='Fetching content info', errnote='Unable to fetch content info')
+
+        entries = []
+        for stream in traverse_obj(content_json, ('video', 'streams', lambda _, v: v['id'] and v['url'])):
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(stream['url'], video_id, fatal=False)
+            if not formats:
+                continue
+            entries.append({
+                'id': str(stream['id']),
+                'title': content_json.get('title'),
+                'formats': formats,
+                'hls_aes': {'uri': self._HLS_AES_URI.format(content_id=content_id)},
+                'http_headers': {'X-Key': hashlib.sha256(username.encode('ascii')).hexdigest()},
+                'thumbnail': content_json.get('cover_image'),
+            })
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            entries, playlist_id=video_id, playlist_title=content_json.get('title'))
+
+
+class BrilliantpalaElearnIE(BrilliantpalaBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'Brilliantpala:Elearn'
+    IE_DESC = 'VoD on elearn.brilliantpala.org'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://elearn\.brilliantpala\.org/courses/(?P<course_id>\d+)/contents/(?P<content_id>\d+)/?'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://elearn.brilliantpala.org/courses/42/contents/12345/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://elearn.brilliantpala.org/courses/98/contents/36683/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '23577',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Physical World, Units and Measurements  - 1',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d1j3vi2u94ebt0.cloudfront.net/institute/brilliantpalalms/chapter_contents/26237/e657f81b90874be19795c7ea081f8d5c.png',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    _DOMAIN = BrilliantpalaBaseIE._DOMAIN.format(subdomain='elearn')
+
+
+class BrilliantpalaClassesIE(BrilliantpalaBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'Brilliantpala:Classes'
+    IE_DESC = 'VoD on classes.brilliantpala.org'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://classes\.brilliantpala\.org/courses/(?P<course_id>\d+)/contents/(?P<content_id>\d+)/?'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://classes.brilliantpala.org/courses/42/contents/12345/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://classes.brilliantpala.org/courses/416/contents/25445/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9128',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Motion in a Straight Line - Class 1',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d3e4y8hquds3ek.cloudfront.net/institute/brilliantpalaelearn/chapter_contents/ff5ba838d0ec43419f67387fe1a01fa8.png',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    _DOMAIN = BrilliantpalaBaseIE._DOMAIN.format(subdomain='classes')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/camfm.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/camfm.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a9850f46e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/camfm.py
@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_elements_by_class,
+    join_nonempty,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    urljoin,
+)
+
+
+class CamFMShowIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://(?:www\.)?camfm\.co\.uk/shows/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'url': 'https://camfm.co.uk/shows/soul-mining/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'soul-mining',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:6a873091f92c936f23bdcce80f75e66a',
+            'title': 'Soul Mining',
+            'description': 'Telling the stories of jazz, funk and soul from all corners of the world.',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        show_id = self._match_id(url)
+        page = self._download_webpage(url, show_id)
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': show_id,
+            'entries': [self.url_result(urljoin('https://camfm.co.uk', i), CamFMEpisodeIE)
+                        for i in re.findall(r"javascript:popup\('(/player/[^']+)', 'listen'", page)],
+            'thumbnail': urljoin('https://camfm.co.uk', self._search_regex(
+                r'<img[^>]+class="thumb-expand"[^>]+src="([^"]+)"', page, 'thumbnail', fatal=False)),
+            'title': self._html_search_regex('<h1>([^<]+)</h1>', page, 'title', fatal=False),
+            'description': clean_html(get_element_by_class('small-12 medium-8 cell', page))
+        }
+
+
+class CamFMEpisodeIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://(?:www\.)?camfm\.co\.uk/player/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://camfm.co.uk/player/43336',
+        'skip': 'Episode will expire - don\'t actually know when, but it will go eventually',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '43336',
+            'title': 'AITAA: Am I the Agony Aunt? - 19:00 Tue 16/05/2023',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'upload_date': '20230516',
+            'description': 'md5:f165144f94927c0f1bfa2ee6e6ab7bbf',
+            'timestamp': 1684263600,
+            'series': 'AITAA: Am I the Agony Aunt?',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:5980a831360d0744c3764551be3d09c1',
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        episode_id = self._match_id(url)
+        page = self._download_webpage(url, episode_id)
+        audios = self._parse_html5_media_entries('https://audio.camfm.co.uk', page, episode_id)
+
+        caption = get_element_by_class('caption', page)
+        series = clean_html(re.sub(r'<span[^<]+<[^<]+>', '', caption))
+
+        card_section = get_element_by_class('card-section', page)
+        date = self._html_search_regex('>Aired at ([^<]+)<', card_section, 'air date', fatal=False)
+
+        return {
+            'id': episode_id,
+            'title': join_nonempty(series, date, delim=' - '),
+            'formats': traverse_obj(audios, (..., 'formats', ...)),
+            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(date),  # XXX: Does not account for UK's daylight savings
+            'series': series,
+            'description': clean_html(re.sub(r'<b>[^<]+</b><br[^>]+/>', '', card_section)),
+            'thumbnail': urljoin('https://camfm.co.uk', self._search_regex(
+                r'<div[^>]+class="cover-art"[^>]+style="[^"]+url\(\'([^\']+)',
+                page, 'thumbnail', fatal=False)),
+            'categories': get_elements_by_class('label', caption),
+            'was_live': True,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/canal1.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/canal1.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..587a11ab8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/canal1.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class Canal1IE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|noticias\.)?canal1\.com\.co/(?:[^?#&])+/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://canal1.com.co/noticias/napa-i-una-cadena-de-produccion-de-arroz-que-se-quedo-en-veremos-y-abandonada-en-el-departamento-del-choco/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '63b39f6b354977084b85ab54',
+            'display_id': 'napa-i-una-cadena-de-produccion-de-arroz-que-se-quedo-en-veremos-y-abandonada-en-el-departamento-del-choco',
+            'title': 'Ñapa I Una cadena de producción de arroz que se quedó en veremos y abandonada en el departamento del Chocó',
+            'description': 'md5:bc49c6d64d20610ea1e7daf079a0d013',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+63b39f6b354977084b85ab54',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://noticias.canal1.com.co/noticias/tres-i-el-triste-record-que-impuso-elon-musk-el-dueno-de-tesla-y-de-twitter/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '63b39e93f5fd223aa32250fb',
+            'display_id': 'tres-i-el-triste-record-que-impuso-elon-musk-el-dueno-de-tesla-y-de-twitter',
+            'title': 'Tres I El triste récord que impuso Elon Musk, el dueño de Tesla y de Twitter',
+            'description': 'md5:d9f691f131a21ce6767ca6c05d17d791',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+63b39e93f5fd223aa32250fb',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Geo-restricted to Colombia
+        'url': 'https://canal1.com.co/programas/guerreros-canal-1/video-inedito-guerreros-despedida-kewin-zarate/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        return self.url_result(
+            self._search_regex(r'"embedUrl"\s*:\s*"([^"]+)', webpage, 'embed url'),
+            display_id=display_id, url_transparent=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/canalplus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/canalplus.py
index b7e2f9dd4..3ff5c3fbf 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/canalplus.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/canalplus.py
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         #     response = self._request_webpage(
         #         HEADRequest(fmt_url), video_id,
         #         'Checking if the video is georestricted')
-        #     if '/blocage' in response.geturl():
+        #     if '/blocage' in response.url:
         #         raise ExtractorError(
         #             'The video is not available in your country',
         #             expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/canvas.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/canvas.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ae6e03a4d..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/canvas.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,383 +0,0 @@
-import json
-
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .gigya import GigyaBaseIE
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    clean_html,
-    extract_attributes,
-    float_or_none,
-    get_element_by_class,
-    int_or_none,
-    merge_dicts,
-    str_or_none,
-    strip_or_none,
-    url_or_none,
-    urlencode_postdata
-)
-
-
-class CanvasIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mediazone\.vrt\.be/api/v1/(?P<site_id>canvas|een|ketnet|vrt(?:video|nieuws)|sporza|dako)/assets/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://mediazone.vrt.be/api/v1/ketnet/assets/md-ast-4ac54990-ce66-4d00-a8ca-9eac86f4c475',
-        'md5': '37b2b7bb9b3dcaa05b67058dc3a714a9',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'md-ast-4ac54990-ce66-4d00-a8ca-9eac86f4c475',
-            'display_id': 'md-ast-4ac54990-ce66-4d00-a8ca-9eac86f4c475',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nachtwacht: De Greystook',
-            'description': 'Nachtwacht: De Greystook',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'duration': 1468.02,
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['is not a supported codec'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://mediazone.vrt.be/api/v1/canvas/assets/mz-ast-5e5f90b6-2d72-4c40-82c2-e134f884e93e',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    _GEO_BYPASS = False
-    _HLS_ENTRY_PROTOCOLS_MAP = {
-        'HLS': 'm3u8_native',
-        'HLS_AES': 'm3u8_native',
-    }
-    _REST_API_BASE = 'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/vualto-video-aggregator-web/rest/external/v2'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        site_id, video_id = mobj.group('site_id'), mobj.group('id')
-
-        data = None
-        if site_id != 'vrtvideo':
-            # Old API endpoint, serves more formats but may fail for some videos
-            data = self._download_json(
-                'https://mediazone.vrt.be/api/v1/%s/assets/%s'
-                % (site_id, video_id), video_id, 'Downloading asset JSON',
-                'Unable to download asset JSON', fatal=False)
-
-        # New API endpoint
-        if not data:
-            vrtnutoken = self._download_json('https://token.vrt.be/refreshtoken',
-                                             video_id, note='refreshtoken: Retrieve vrtnutoken',
-                                             errnote='refreshtoken failed')['vrtnutoken']
-            headers = self.geo_verification_headers()
-            headers.update({'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=utf-8'})
-            vrtPlayerToken = self._download_json(
-                '%s/tokens' % self._REST_API_BASE, video_id,
-                'Downloading token', headers=headers, data=json.dumps({
-                    'identityToken': vrtnutoken
-                }).encode('utf-8'))['vrtPlayerToken']
-            data = self._download_json(
-                '%s/videos/%s' % (self._REST_API_BASE, video_id),
-                video_id, 'Downloading video JSON', query={
-                    'vrtPlayerToken': vrtPlayerToken,
-                    'client': 'null',
-                }, expected_status=400)
-            if 'title' not in data:
-                code = data.get('code')
-                if code == 'AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED':
-                    self.raise_login_required()
-                elif code == 'INVALID_LOCATION':
-                    self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['BE'])
-                raise ExtractorError(data.get('message') or code, expected=True)
-
-        # Note: The title may be an empty string
-        title = data['title'] or f'{site_id} {video_id}'
-        description = data.get('description')
-
-        formats = []
-        subtitles = {}
-        for target in data['targetUrls']:
-            format_url, format_type = url_or_none(target.get('url')), str_or_none(target.get('type'))
-            if not format_url or not format_type:
-                continue
-            format_type = format_type.upper()
-            if format_type in self._HLS_ENTRY_PROTOCOLS_MAP:
-                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    format_url, video_id, 'mp4', self._HLS_ENTRY_PROTOCOLS_MAP[format_type],
-                    m3u8_id=format_type, fatal=False)
-                formats.extend(fmts)
-                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
-            elif format_type == 'HDS':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
-                    format_url, video_id, f4m_id=format_type, fatal=False))
-            elif format_type == 'MPEG_DASH':
-                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    format_url, video_id, mpd_id=format_type, fatal=False)
-                formats.extend(fmts)
-                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
-            elif format_type == 'HSS':
-                fmts, subs = self._extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    format_url, video_id, ism_id='mss', fatal=False)
-                formats.extend(fmts)
-                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
-            else:
-                formats.append({
-                    'format_id': format_type,
-                    'url': format_url,
-                })
-
-        subtitle_urls = data.get('subtitleUrls')
-        if isinstance(subtitle_urls, list):
-            for subtitle in subtitle_urls:
-                subtitle_url = subtitle.get('url')
-                if subtitle_url and subtitle.get('type') == 'CLOSED':
-                    subtitles.setdefault('nl', []).append({'url': subtitle_url})
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'display_id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'duration': float_or_none(data.get('duration'), 1000),
-            'thumbnail': data.get('posterImageUrl'),
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-        }
-
-
-class CanvasEenIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'canvas.be and een.be'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<site_id>canvas|een)\.be/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.canvas.be/video/de-afspraak/najaar-2015/de-afspraak-veilt-voor-de-warmste-week',
-        'md5': 'ed66976748d12350b118455979cca293',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'mz-ast-5e5f90b6-2d72-4c40-82c2-e134f884e93e',
-            'display_id': 'de-afspraak-veilt-voor-de-warmste-week',
-            'ext': 'flv',
-            'title': 'De afspraak veilt voor de Warmste Week',
-            'description': 'md5:24cb860c320dc2be7358e0e5aa317ba6',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'duration': 49.02,
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['is not a supported codec'],
-    }, {
-        # with subtitles
-        'url': 'http://www.canvas.be/video/panorama/2016/pieter-0167',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'mz-ast-5240ff21-2d30-4101-bba6-92b5ec67c625',
-            'display_id': 'pieter-0167',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Pieter 0167',
-            'description': 'md5:943cd30f48a5d29ba02c3a104dc4ec4e',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'duration': 2553.08,
-            'subtitles': {
-                'nl': [{
-                    'ext': 'vtt',
-                }],
-            },
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'skip': 'Pagina niet gevonden',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.een.be/thuis/emma-pakt-thilly-aan',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'md-ast-3a24ced2-64d7-44fb-b4ed-ed1aafbf90b8',
-            'display_id': 'emma-pakt-thilly-aan',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Emma pakt Thilly aan',
-            'description': 'md5:c5c9b572388a99b2690030afa3f3bad7',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'duration': 118.24,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['is not a supported codec'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.canvas.be/check-point/najaar-2016/de-politie-uw-vriend',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        site_id, display_id = mobj.group('site_id'), mobj.group('id')
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-
-        title = strip_or_none(self._search_regex(
-            r'<h1[^>]+class="video__body__header__title"[^>]*>(.+?)</h1>',
-            webpage, 'title', default=None) or self._og_search_title(
-            webpage, default=None))
-
-        video_id = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'data-video=(["\'])(?P<id>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1', webpage, 'video id',
-            group='id')
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'url': 'https://mediazone.vrt.be/api/v1/%s/assets/%s' % (site_id, video_id),
-            'ie_key': CanvasIE.ie_key(),
-            'id': video_id,
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
-        }
-
-
-class VrtNUIE(GigyaBaseIE):
-    IE_DESC = 'VrtNU.be'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?vrt\.be/vrtnu/a-z/(?:[^/]+/){2}(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        # Available via old API endpoint
-        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/postbus-x/1989/postbus-x-s1989a1/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pbs-pub-e8713dac-899e-41de-9313-81269f4c04ac$vid-90c932b1-e21d-4fb8-99b1-db7b49cf74de',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Postbus X - Aflevering 1 (Seizoen 1989)',
-            'description': 'md5:b704f669eb9262da4c55b33d7c6ed4b7',
-            'duration': 1457.04,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'series': 'Postbus X',
-            'season': 'Seizoen 1989',
-            'season_number': 1989,
-            'episode': 'De zwarte weduwe',
-            'episode_number': 1,
-            'timestamp': 1595822400,
-            'upload_date': '20200727',
-        },
-        'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
-        'expected_warnings': ['is not a supported codec'],
-    }, {
-        # Only available via new API endpoint
-        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/kamp-waes/1/kamp-waes-s1a5/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pbs-pub-0763b56c-64fb-4d38-b95b-af60bf433c71$vid-ad36a73c-4735-4f1f-b2c0-a38e6e6aa7e1',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Aflevering 5',
-            'description': 'Wie valt door de mand tijdens een missie?',
-            'duration': 2967.06,
-            'season': 'Season 1',
-            'season_number': 1,
-            'episode_number': 5,
-        },
-        'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download asset JSON', 'is not a supported codec', 'Unknown MIME type'],
-    }]
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'vrtnu'
-    _APIKEY = '3_0Z2HujMtiWq_pkAjgnS2Md2E11a1AwZjYiBETtwNE-EoEHDINgtnvcAOpNgmrVGy'
-    _CONTEXT_ID = 'R3595707040'
-
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        auth_info = self._gigya_login({
-            'APIKey': self._APIKEY,
-            'targetEnv': 'jssdk',
-            'loginID': username,
-            'password': password,
-            'authMode': 'cookie',
-        })
-
-        if auth_info.get('errorDetails'):
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to login: VrtNU said: ' + auth_info.get('errorDetails'), expected=True)
-
-        # Sometimes authentication fails for no good reason, retry
-        login_attempt = 1
-        while login_attempt <= 3:
-            try:
-                self._request_webpage('https://token.vrt.be/vrtnuinitlogin',
-                                      None, note='Requesting XSRF Token', errnote='Could not get XSRF Token',
-                                      query={'provider': 'site', 'destination': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/'})
-
-                post_data = {
-                    'UID': auth_info['UID'],
-                    'UIDSignature': auth_info['UIDSignature'],
-                    'signatureTimestamp': auth_info['signatureTimestamp'],
-                    '_csrf': self._get_cookies('https://login.vrt.be').get('OIDCXSRF').value,
-                }
-
-                self._request_webpage(
-                    'https://login.vrt.be/perform_login',
-                    None, note='Performing login', errnote='perform login failed',
-                    headers={}, query={
-                        'client_id': 'vrtnu-site'
-                    }, data=urlencode_postdata(post_data))
-
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                    login_attempt += 1
-                    self.report_warning('Authentication failed')
-                    self._sleep(1, None, msg_template='Waiting for %(timeout)s seconds before trying again')
-                else:
-                    raise e
-            else:
-                break
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-
-        attrs = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(
-            r'(<nui-media[^>]+>)', webpage, 'media element'))
-        video_id = attrs['videoid']
-        publication_id = attrs.get('publicationid')
-        if publication_id:
-            video_id = publication_id + '$' + video_id
-
-        page = (self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'digitalData\s*=\s*({.+?});', webpage, 'digial data',
-            default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}).get('page') or {}
-
-        info = self._search_json_ld(webpage, display_id, default={})
-        return merge_dicts(info, {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'url': 'https://mediazone.vrt.be/api/v1/vrtvideo/assets/%s' % video_id,
-            'ie_key': CanvasIE.ie_key(),
-            'id': video_id,
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'season_number': int_or_none(page.get('episode_season')),
-        })
-
-
-class DagelijkseKostIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'dagelijksekost.een.be'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://dagelijksekost\.een\.be/gerechten/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://dagelijksekost.een.be/gerechten/hachis-parmentier-met-witloof',
-        'md5': '30bfffc323009a3e5f689bef6efa2365',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'md-ast-27a4d1ff-7d7b-425e-b84f-a4d227f592fa',
-            'display_id': 'hachis-parmentier-met-witloof',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Hachis parmentier met witloof',
-            'description': 'md5:9960478392d87f63567b5b117688cdc5',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'duration': 283.02,
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['is not a supported codec'],
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-
-        title = strip_or_none(get_element_by_class(
-            'dish-metadata__title', webpage
-        ) or self._html_search_meta(
-            'twitter:title', webpage))
-
-        description = clean_html(get_element_by_class(
-            'dish-description', webpage)
-        ) or self._html_search_meta(
-            ('description', 'twitter:description', 'og:description'),
-            webpage)
-
-        video_id = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'data-url=(["\'])(?P<id>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1', webpage, 'video id',
-            group='id')
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'url': 'https://mediazone.vrt.be/api/v1/dako/assets/%s' % video_id,
-            'ie_key': CanvasIE.ie_key(),
-            'id': video_id,
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/caracoltv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/caracoltv.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79f7752fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/caracoltv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import base64
+import json
+import uuid
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    traverse_obj,
+    urljoin,
+)
+
+
+class CaracolTvPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://play\.caracoltv\.com/videoDetails/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'caracoltv-play'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://play.caracoltv.com/videoDetails/OTo4NGFmNjUwOWQ2ZmM0NTg2YWRiOWU0MGNhOWViOWJkYQ==',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'OTo4NGFmNjUwOWQ2ZmM0NTg2YWRiOWU0MGNhOWViOWJkYQ==',
+            'title': 'La teoría del promedio',
+            'description': 'md5:1cdd6d2c13f19ef0d9649ab81a023ac3',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 6,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://play.caracoltv.com/videoDetails/OTo3OWM4ZTliYzQxMmM0MTMxYTk4Mjk2YjdjNGQ4NGRkOQ==/ella?season=0',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'OTo3OWM4ZTliYzQxMmM0MTMxYTk4Mjk2YjdjNGQ4NGRkOQ==',
+            'title': 'Ella',
+            'description': 'md5:a639b1feb5ddcc0cff92a489b4e544b8',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 10,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://play.caracoltv.com/videoDetails/OTpiYTY1YTVmOTI5MzI0ZWJhOGZiY2Y3MmRlOWZlYmJkOA==/la-vuelta-al-mundo-en-80-risas-2022?season=0',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'OTpiYTY1YTVmOTI5MzI0ZWJhOGZiY2Y3MmRlOWZlYmJkOA==',
+            'title': 'La vuelta al mundo en 80 risas 2022',
+            'description': 'md5:e97aac36106e5c37ebf947b3350106a4',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 17,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://play.caracoltv.com/videoDetails/MzoxX3BwbjRmNjB1',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _USER_TOKEN = None
+
+    def _extract_app_token(self, webpage):
+        config_js_path = self._search_regex(
+            r'<script[^>]+src\s*=\s*"([^"]+coreConfig.js[^"]+)', webpage, 'config js url', fatal=False)
+
+        mediation_config = {} if not config_js_path else self._search_json(
+            r'mediation\s*:', self._download_webpage(
+                urljoin('https://play.caracoltv.com/', config_js_path), None, fatal=False, note='Extracting JS config'),
+            'mediation_config', None, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=False)
+
+        key = traverse_obj(
+            mediation_config, ('live', 'key')) or '795cd9c089a1fc48094524a5eba85a3fca1331817c802f601735907c8bbb4f50'
+        secret = traverse_obj(
+            mediation_config, ('live', 'secret')) or '64dec00a6989ba83d087621465b5e5d38bdac22033b0613b659c442c78976fa0'
+
+        return base64.b64encode(f'{key}:{secret}'.encode()).decode()
+
+    def _perform_login(self, email, password):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage('https://play.caracoltv.com/', None, fatal=False)
+        app_token = self._extract_app_token(webpage)
+
+        bearer_token = self._download_json(
+            'https://eu-gateway.inmobly.com/applications/oauth', None, data=b'', note='Retrieving bearer token',
+            headers={'Authorization': f'Basic {app_token}'})['token']
+
+        self._USER_TOKEN = self._download_json(
+            'https://eu-gateway.inmobly.com/user/login', None, note='Performing login', headers={
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {bearer_token}',
+            }, data=json.dumps({
+                'device_data': {
+                    'device_id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                    'device_token': '',
+                    'device_type': 'web'
+                },
+                'login_data': {
+                    'enabled': True,
+                    'email': email,
+                    'password': password,
+                }
+            }).encode())['user_token']
+
+    def _extract_video(self, video_data, series_id=None, season_id=None, season_number=None):
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(video_data['stream_url'], series_id, 'mp4')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_data['id'],
+            'title': video_data.get('name'),
+            'description': video_data.get('description'),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'thumbnails': traverse_obj(
+                video_data, ('extra_thumbs', ..., {'url': 'thumb_url', 'height': 'height', 'width': 'width'})),
+            'series_id': series_id,
+            'season_id': season_id,
+            'season_number': int_or_none(season_number),
+            'episode_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('item_order')),
+            'is_live': video_data.get('entry_type') == 3,
+        }
+
+    def _extract_series_seasons(self, seasons, series_id):
+        for season in seasons:
+            api_response = self._download_json(
+                'https://eu-gateway.inmobly.com/feed', series_id, query={'season_id': season['id']},
+                headers={'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._USER_TOKEN}'})
+
+            season_number = season.get('order')
+            for episode in api_response['items']:
+                yield self._extract_video(episode, series_id, season['id'], season_number)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        series_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        if self._USER_TOKEN is None:
+            self._perform_login('guest@inmobly.com', 'Test@gus1')
+
+        api_response = self._download_json(
+            'https://eu-gateway.inmobly.com/feed', series_id, query={'include_ids': series_id},
+            headers={'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._USER_TOKEN}'})['items'][0]
+
+        if not api_response.get('seasons'):
+            return self._extract_video(api_response)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._extract_series_seasons(api_response['seasons'], series_id),
+            series_id, **traverse_obj(api_response, {
+                'title': 'name',
+                'description': 'description',
+            }))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
index eadb3f8c0..be2d13e44 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
@@ -2,20 +2,23 @@
 import json
 import base64
 import time
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import (
     compat_str,
 )
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
     orderedSet,
+    parse_iso8601,
     smuggle_url,
     strip_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
-    ExtractorError,
 )
 
 
@@ -63,6 +66,7 @@ class CBCIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
             'timestamp': 255977160,
         },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }, {
         # multiple iframes
         'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/blog/birds-eye-view-from-vancouvers-burrard-street-bridge-how-we-got-the-shot',
@@ -94,7 +98,7 @@ class CBCIE(InfoExtractor):
         # multiple CBC.APP.Caffeine.initInstance(...)
         'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/dog-indoor-exercise-winter-1.3928238',
         'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Keep Rover active during the deep freeze with doggie pushups and other fun indoor tasks',
+            'title': 'Keep Rover active during the deep freeze with doggie pushups and other fun indoor tasks',  # FIXME
             'id': 'dog-indoor-exercise-winter-1.3928238',
             'description': 'md5:c18552e41726ee95bd75210d1ca9194c',
         },
@@ -159,7 +163,7 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20160210',
             'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
         },
-        'skip': 'Geo-restricted to Canada',
+        'skip': 'Geo-restricted to Canada and no longer available',
     }, {
         # Redirected from http://www.cbc.ca/player/AudioMobile/All%20in%20a%20Weekend%20Montreal/ID/2657632011/
         'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2657631896',
@@ -172,6 +176,9 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1425704400,
             'upload_date': '20150307',
             'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/sonali-karnick-220.jpg',
+            'chapters': [],
+            'duration': 494.811,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2164402062',
@@ -184,6 +191,28 @@ class CBCPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1320410746,
             'upload_date': '20111104',
             'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/277/67/cancer_852x480_2164412612.jpg',
+            'chapters': [],
+            'duration': 186.867,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Has subtitles
+        # These broadcasts expire after ~1 month, can find new test URL here:
+        # https://www.cbc.ca/player/news/TV%20Shows/The%20National/Latest%20Broadcast
+        'url': 'http://www.cbc.ca/player/play/2249992771553',
+        'md5': '2f2fb675dd4f0f8a5bb7588d1b13bacd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2249992771553',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The National | Women’s soccer pay, Florida seawater, Swift quake',
+            'description': 'md5:adba28011a56cfa47a080ff198dad27a',
+            'timestamp': 1690596000,
+            'duration': 2716.333,
+            'subtitles': {'eng': [{'ext': 'vtt', 'protocol': 'm3u8_native'}]},
+            'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/481/326/thumbnail.jpeg',
+            'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
+            'chapters': 'count:5',
+            'upload_date': '20230729',
         },
     }]
 
@@ -197,9 +226,42 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'force_smil_url': True
                 }),
             'id': video_id,
+            '_format_sort_fields': ('res', 'proto')  # Prioritize direct http formats over HLS
         }
 
 
+class CBCPlayerPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'cbc.ca:player:playlist'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cbc\.ca/(?:player/)(?!play/)(?P<id>[^?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.cbc.ca/player/news/TV%20Shows/The%20National/Latest%20Broadcast',
+        'playlist_mincount': 25,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'news/tv shows/the national/latest broadcast',
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.cbc.ca/player/news/Canada/North',
+        'playlist_mincount': 25,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'news/canada/north',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = urllib.parse.unquote(self._match_id(url)).lower()
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+        json_content = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', playlist_id)
+
+        def entries():
+            for video_id in traverse_obj(json_content, (
+                'video', 'clipsByCategory', lambda k, _: k.lower() == playlist_id, 'items', ..., 'id'
+            )):
+                yield self.url_result(f'https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/{video_id}', CBCPlayerIE)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(), playlist_id)
+
+
 class CBCGemIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'gem.cbc.ca'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://gem\.cbc\.ca/(?:media/)?(?P<id>[0-9a-z-]+/s[0-9]+[a-z][0-9]+)'
@@ -278,12 +340,12 @@ def _new_claims_token(self, email, password):
         data = json.dumps({'jwt': sig}).encode()
         headers = {'content-type': 'application/json', 'ott-device-type': 'web'}
         resp = self._download_json('https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/token',
-                                   None, data=data, headers=headers)
+                                   None, data=data, headers=headers, expected_status=426)
         cbc_access_token = resp['accessToken']
 
         headers = {'content-type': 'application/json', 'ott-device-type': 'web', 'ott-access-token': cbc_access_token}
         resp = self._download_json('https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/profile',
-                                   None, headers=headers)
+                                   None, headers=headers, expected_status=426)
         return resp['claimsToken']
 
     def _get_claims_token_expiry(self):
@@ -349,7 +411,9 @@ def _find_secret_formats(self, formats, video_id):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        video_info = self._download_json('https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/assets/' + video_id, video_id)
+        video_info = self._download_json(
+            f'https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/assets/{video_id}',
+            video_id, expected_status=426)
 
         email, password = self._get_login_info()
         if email and password:
@@ -404,7 +468,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class CBCGemPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'gem.cbc.ca:playlist'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://gem\.cbc\.ca/media/(?P<id>(?P<show>[0-9a-z-]+)/s(?P<season>[0-9]+))/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://gem\.cbc\.ca/(?:media/)?(?P<id>(?P<show>[0-9a-z-]+)/s(?P<season>[0-9]+))/?(?:[?#]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         # TV show playlist, all public videos
         'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/media/schitts-creek/s06',
@@ -413,7 +477,14 @@ class CBCGemPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'schitts-creek/s06',
             'title': 'Season 6',
             'description': 'md5:6a92104a56cbeb5818cc47884d4326a2',
+            'series': 'Schitt\'s Creek',
+            'season_number': 6,
+            'season': 'Season 6',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.radio-canada.ca/v1/synps-cbc/season/perso/cbc_schitts_creek_season_06_carousel_v03.jpg?impolicy=ott&im=Resize=(_Size_)&quality=75',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/schitts-creek/s06',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     _API_BASE = 'https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/shows/'
 
@@ -421,7 +492,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         match = self._match_valid_url(url)
         season_id = match.group('id')
         show = match.group('show')
-        show_info = self._download_json(self._API_BASE + show, season_id)
+        show_info = self._download_json(self._API_BASE + show, season_id, expected_status=426)
         season = int(match.group('season'))
 
         season_info = next((s for s in show_info['seasons'] if s.get('season') == season), None)
@@ -473,49 +544,90 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class CBCGemLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'gem.cbc.ca:live'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://gem\.cbc\.ca/live/(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/live/920604739687',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Ottawa',
-            'description': 'The live TV channel and local programming from Ottawa',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/CBC_OTT_VMS/Live_Channel_Static_Images/Ottawa_2880x1620.jpg',
-            'is_live': True,
-            'id': 'AyqZwxRqh8EH',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'timestamp': 1492106160,
-            'upload_date': '20170413',
-            'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://gem\.cbc\.ca/live(?:-event)?/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/live/920604739687',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'title': 'Ottawa',
+                'description': 'The live TV channel and local programming from Ottawa',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.cbc.ca/maven_legacy/thumbnails/CBC_OTT_VMS/Live_Channel_Static_Images/Ottawa_2880x1620.jpg',
+                'is_live': True,
+                'id': 'AyqZwxRqh8EH',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'timestamp': 1492106160,
+                'upload_date': '20170413',
+                'uploader': 'CBCC-NEW',
+            },
+            'skip': 'Live might have ended',
         },
-        'skip': 'Live might have ended',
-    }
-
-    # It's unclear where the chars at the end come from, but they appear to be
-    # constant. Might need updating in the future.
-    # There are two URLs, some livestreams are in one, and some
-    # in the other. The JSON schema is the same for both.
-    _API_URLS = ['https://tpfeed.cbc.ca/f/ExhSPC/t_t3UKJR6MAT', 'https://tpfeed.cbc.ca/f/ExhSPC/FNiv9xQx_BnT']
+        {
+            'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/live/44',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '44',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'is_live': True,
+                'title': r're:^Ottawa [0-9\-: ]+',
+                'description': 'The live TV channel and local programming from Ottawa',
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images.gem.cbc.ca/v1/cbc-gem/live/.*'
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': True},
+            'skip': 'Live might have ended',
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/live-event/10835',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '10835',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'is_live': True,
+                'title': r're:^The National \| Biden’s trip wraps up, Paltrow testifies, Bird flu [0-9\-: ]+',
+                'description': 'March 24, 2023 | President Biden’s Ottawa visit ends with big pledges from both countries. Plus, Gwyneth Paltrow testifies in her ski collision trial.',
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images.gem.cbc.ca/v1/cbc-gem/live/.*',
+                'timestamp': 1679706000,
+                'upload_date': '20230325',
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': True},
+            'skip': 'Live might have ended',
+        }
+    ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        video_info = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['data']
 
-        for api_url in self._API_URLS:
-            video_info = next((
-                stream for stream in self._download_json(api_url, video_id)['entries']
-                if stream.get('guid') == video_id), None)
-            if video_info:
-                break
-        else:
+        # Two types of metadata JSON
+        if not video_info.get('formattedIdMedia'):
+            video_info = traverse_obj(
+                video_info, (('freeTv', ('streams', ...)), 'items', lambda _, v: v['key'] == video_id, {dict}),
+                get_all=False, default={})
+
+        video_stream_id = video_info.get('formattedIdMedia')
+        if not video_stream_id:
             raise ExtractorError('Couldn\'t find video metadata, maybe this livestream is now offline', expected=True)
 
+        stream_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://services.radio-canada.ca/media/validation/v2/', video_id, query={
+                'appCode': 'mpx',
+                'connectionType': 'hd',
+                'deviceType': 'ipad',
+                'idMedia': video_stream_id,
+                'multibitrate': 'true',
+                'output': 'json',
+                'tech': 'hls',
+                'manifestType': 'desktop',
+            })
+
         return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'ie_key': 'ThePlatform',
-            'url': video_info['content'][0]['url'],
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': video_info.get('title'),
-            'description': video_info.get('description'),
-            'tags': try_get(video_info, lambda x: x['keywords'].split(', ')),
-            'thumbnail': video_info.get('cbc$staticImage'),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(stream_data['url'], video_id, 'mp4', live=True),
             'is_live': True,
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+                'thumbnail': ('images', 'card', 'url'),
+                'timestamp': ('airDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+            })
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbs.py
index 9aacd50c4..d97fbd758 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbs.py
@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
+from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
+from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .theplatform import ThePlatformFeedIE
+from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_html_by_id,
     int_or_none,
     find_xpath_attr,
+    smuggle_url,
     xpath_element,
     xpath_text,
     update_url_query,
@@ -95,6 +101,7 @@ class CBSIE(CBSBaseIE):
             # m3u8 download
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'Subscription required',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.cbs.com/shows/video/sZH1MGgomIosZgxGJ1l263MFq16oMtW1/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -111,6 +118,7 @@ class CBSIE(CBSBaseIE):
         },
         'expected_warnings': [
             'This content expired on', 'No video formats found', 'Requested format is not available'],
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://colbertlateshow.com/video/8GmB0oY0McANFvp2aEffk9jZZZ2YyXxy/the-colbeard/',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -162,3 +170,110 @@ def _extract_video_info(self, content_id, site='cbs', mpx_acc=2198311517):
             'duration': int_or_none(xpath_text(video_data, 'videoLength'), 1000),
             'thumbnail': url_or_none(xpath_text(video_data, 'previewImageURL')),
         })
+
+
+class ParamountPressExpressIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?paramountpressexpress\.com(?:/[\w-]+)+/(?P<yt>yt-)?video/?\?watch=(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.paramountpressexpress.com/cbs-entertainment/shows/survivor/video/?watch=pnzew7e2hx',
+        'md5': '56631dbcadaab980d1fc47cb7b76cba4',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6322981580112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'I’m Felicia',
+            'description': 'md5:88fad93f8eede1c9c8f390239e4c6290',
+            'uploader_id': '6055873637001',
+            'upload_date': '20230320',
+            'timestamp': 1679334960,
+            'duration': 49.557,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.paramountpressexpress.com/cbs-entertainment/video/?watch=2s5eh8kppc',
+        'md5': 'edcb03e3210b88a3e56c05aa863e0e5b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6323036027112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '‘Y&R’ Set Visit: Jerry O’Connell Quizzes Cast on Pre-Love Scene Rituals and More',
+            'description': 'md5:b929867a357aac5544b783d834c78383',
+            'uploader_id': '6055873637001',
+            'upload_date': '20230321',
+            'timestamp': 1679430180,
+            'duration': 132.032,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.paramountpressexpress.com/paramount-plus/yt-video/?watch=OX9wJWOcqck',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'OX9wJWOcqck',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Rugrats | Season 2 Official Trailer | Paramount+',
+            'description': 'md5:1f7e26f5625a9f0d6564d9ad97a9f7de',
+            'uploader': 'Paramount Plus',
+            'uploader_id': '@paramountplus',
+            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/@paramountplus',
+            'channel': 'Paramount Plus',
+            'channel_id': 'UCrRttZIypNTA1Mrfwo745Sg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCrRttZIypNTA1Mrfwo745Sg',
+            'upload_date': '20230316',
+            'duration': 88,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OX9wJWOcqck/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'tags': ['Rugrats'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.paramountpressexpress.com/showtime/yt-video/?watch=_ljssSoDLkw',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '_ljssSoDLkw',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Lavell Crawford: THEE Lavell Crawford Comedy Special Official Trailer | SHOWTIME',
+            'description': 'md5:39581bcc3fd810209b642609f448af70',
+            'uploader': 'SHOWTIME',
+            'uploader_id': '@Showtime',
+            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/@Showtime',
+            'channel': 'SHOWTIME',
+            'channel_id': 'UCtwMWJr2BFPkuJTnSvCESSQ',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtwMWJr2BFPkuJTnSvCESSQ',
+            'upload_date': '20230209',
+            'duration': 49,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/_ljssSoDLkw/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
+            'tags': 'count:27',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id, is_youtube = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'yt')
+        if is_youtube:
+            return self.url_result(display_id, YoutubeIE)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        video_id = self._search_regex(
+            r'\bvideo_id\s*=\s*["\'](\d+)["\']\s*,', webpage, 'Brightcove ID')
+        token = self._search_regex(r'\btoken\s*=\s*["\']([\w.-]+)["\']', webpage, 'token')
+
+        player = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_id('vcbrightcoveplayer', webpage) or '')
+        account_id = player.get('data-account') or '6055873637001'
+        player_id = player.get('data-player') or 'OtLKgXlO9F'
+        embed = player.get('data-embed') or 'default'
+
+        return self.url_result(smuggle_url(
+            f'https://players.brightcove.net/{account_id}/{player_id}_{embed}/index.html?videoId={video_id}',
+            {'token': token}), BrightcoveNewIE)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbslocal.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbslocal.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3d50b0499..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbslocal.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,116 +0,0 @@
-from .anvato import AnvatoIE
-from .sendtonews import SendtoNewsIE
-from ..compat import compat_urlparse
-from ..utils import (
-    parse_iso8601,
-    unified_timestamp,
-)
-
-
-class CBSLocalIE(AnvatoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
-    _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https?://[a-z]+\.cbslocal\.com/'
-    _VALID_URL = _VALID_URL_BASE + r'video/(?P<id>\d+)'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://newyork.cbslocal.com/video/3580809-a-very-blue-anniversary/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3580809',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'A Very Blue Anniversary',
-            'description': 'CBS2’s Cindy Hsu has more.',
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://.*',
-            'timestamp': int,
-            'upload_date': r're:^\d{8}$',
-            'uploader': 'CBS',
-            'subtitles': {
-                'en': 'mincount:5',
-            },
-            'categories': [
-                'Stations\\Spoken Word\\WCBSTV',
-                'Syndication\\AOL',
-                'Syndication\\MSN',
-                'Syndication\\NDN',
-                'Syndication\\Yahoo',
-                'Content\\News',
-                'Content\\News\\Local News',
-            ],
-            'tags': ['CBS 2 News Weekends', 'Cindy Hsu', 'Blue Man Group'],
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mcp_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.url_result(
-            'anvato:anvato_cbslocal_app_web_prod_547f3e49241ef0e5d30c79b2efbca5d92c698f67:' + mcp_id, 'Anvato', mcp_id)
-
-
-class CBSLocalArticleIE(AnvatoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
-    _VALID_URL = CBSLocalIE._VALID_URL_BASE + r'\d+/\d+/\d+/(?P<id>[0-9a-z-]+)'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        # Anvato backend
-        'url': 'http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2016/05/16/safety-advocates-say-fatal-car-seat-failures-are-public-health-crisis',
-        'md5': 'f0ee3081e3843f575fccef901199b212',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3401037',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Safety Advocates Say Fatal Car Seat Failures Are \'Public Health Crisis\'',
-            'description': 'Collapsing seats have been the focus of scrutiny for decades, though experts say remarkably little has been done to address the issue. Randy Paige reports.',
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://.*',
-            'timestamp': 1463440500,
-            'upload_date': '20160516',
-            'uploader': 'CBS',
-            'subtitles': {
-                'en': 'mincount:5',
-            },
-            'categories': [
-                'Stations\\Spoken Word\\KCBSTV',
-                'Syndication\\MSN',
-                'Syndication\\NDN',
-                'Syndication\\AOL',
-                'Syndication\\Yahoo',
-                'Syndication\\Tribune',
-                'Syndication\\Curb.tv',
-                'Content\\News'
-            ],
-            'tags': ['CBS 2 News Evening'],
-        },
-    }, {
-        # SendtoNews embed
-        'url': 'http://cleveland.cbslocal.com/2016/05/16/indians-score-season-high-15-runs-in-blowout-win-over-reds-rapid-reaction/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'GxfCe0Zo7D-175909-5588',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 9,
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-
-        sendtonews_url = SendtoNewsIE._extract_url(webpage)
-        if sendtonews_url:
-            return self.url_result(
-                compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, sendtonews_url),
-                ie=SendtoNewsIE.ie_key())
-
-        info_dict = self._extract_anvato_videos(webpage, display_id)
-
-        timestamp = unified_timestamp(self._html_search_regex(
-            r'class="(?:entry|post)-date"[^>]*>([^<]+)', webpage,
-            'released date', default=None)) or parse_iso8601(
-            self._html_search_meta('uploadDate', webpage))
-
-        info_dict.update({
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'timestamp': timestamp,
-        })
-
-        return info_dict
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
index 16edf3af8..5a8ebb847 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
@@ -1,36 +1,153 @@
+import base64
 import re
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.parse
 import zlib
 
+from .anvato import AnvatoIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .cbs import CBSIE
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_b64decode,
-    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
-)
+from .paramountplus import ParamountPlusIE
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    UserNotLive,
+    determine_ext,
+    float_or_none,
+    format_field,
+    int_or_none,
+    make_archive_id,
+    mimetype2ext,
     parse_duration,
+    smuggle_url,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
-class CBSNewsEmbedIE(CBSIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class CBSNewsBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _LOCALES = {
+        'atlanta': None,
+        'baltimore': 'BAL',
+        'boston': 'BOS',
+        'chicago': 'CHI',
+        'colorado': 'DEN',
+        'detroit': 'DET',
+        'losangeles': 'LA',
+        'miami': 'MIA',
+        'minnesota': 'MIN',
+        'newyork': 'NY',
+        'philadelphia': 'PHI',
+        'pittsburgh': 'PIT',
+        'sacramento': 'SAC',
+        'sanfrancisco': 'SF',
+        'texas': 'DAL',
+    }
+    _LOCALE_RE = '|'.join(map(re.escape, _LOCALES))
+    _ANVACK = '5VD6Eyd6djewbCmNwBFnsJj17YAvGRwl'
+
+    def _get_item(self, webpage, display_id):
+        return traverse_obj(self._search_json(
+            r'CBSNEWS\.defaultPayload\s*=', webpage, 'payload', display_id,
+            default={}), ('items', 0, {dict})) or {}
+
+    def _get_video_url(self, item):
+        return traverse_obj(item, 'video', 'video2', expected_type=url_or_none)
+
+    def _extract_playlist(self, webpage, playlist_id):
+        entries = [self.url_result(embed_url, CBSNewsEmbedIE) for embed_url in re.findall(
+            r'<iframe[^>]+data-src="(https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/embed/video/[^#]*#[^"]+)"', webpage)]
+        if entries:
+            return self.playlist_result(
+                entries, playlist_id, self._html_search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage),
+                self._html_search_meta(['og:description', 'twitter:description', 'description'], webpage))
+
+    def _extract_video(self, item, video_url, video_id):
+        if mimetype2ext(item.get('format'), default=determine_ext(video_url)) == 'mp4':
+            formats = [{'url': video_url, 'ext': 'mp4'}]
+
+        else:
+            manifest = self._download_webpage(video_url, video_id, note='Downloading m3u8 information')
+
+            anvato_id = self._search_regex(r'anvato-(\d+)', manifest, 'Anvato ID', default=None)
+            # Prefer Anvato if available; cbsnews.com m3u8 formats are re-encoded from Anvato source
+            if anvato_id:
+                return self.url_result(
+                    smuggle_url(f'anvato:{self._ANVACK}:{anvato_id}', {'token': 'default'}),
+                    AnvatoIE, url_transparent=True, _old_archive_ids=[make_archive_id(self, anvato_id)])
+
+            formats, _ = self._parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                manifest, video_url, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', video_id=video_id)
+
+        def get_subtitles(subs_url):
+            return {
+                'en': [{
+                    'url': subs_url,
+                    'ext': 'dfxp',  # TTAF1
+                }],
+            } if url_or_none(subs_url) else None
+
+        episode_meta = traverse_obj(item, {
+            'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
+            'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
+        }) if item.get('isFullEpisode') else {}
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            **traverse_obj(item, {
+                'title': (None, ('fulltitle', 'title')),
+                'description': 'dek',
+                'timestamp': ('timestamp', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'subtitles': ('captions', {get_subtitles}),
+                'thumbnail': ('images', ('hd', 'sd'), {url_or_none}),
+                'is_live': ('type', {lambda x: x == 'live'}),
+            }, get_all=False),
+            **episode_meta,
+        }
+
+
+class CBSNewsEmbedIE(CBSNewsBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'cbsnews:embed'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/embed/video[^#]*#(?P<id>.+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/embed/video/?v=1.c9b5b61492913d6660db0b2f03579ef25e86307a#1Vb7b9s2EP5XBAHbT6Gt98PAMKTJ0se6LVjWYWtdGBR1stlIpEBSTtwi%2F%2FvuJNkNhmHdGxgM2NL57vjd6zt%2B8PngdN%2Fyg79qeGvhzN%2FLGrS%2F%2BuBLB531V28%2B%2BO7Qg7%2Fy97r2z3xZ42NW8yLhDbA0S0KWlHnIijwKWJBHZZnHBa8Cgbpdf%2F89NM9Hi9fXifhpr8sr%2FlP848tn%2BTdXycX25zh4cdX%2FvHl6PmmPqnWQv9w8Ed%2B9GjYRim07bFEqdG%2BZVHuwTm65A7bVRrYtR5lAyMox7pigF6W4k%2By91mjspGsJ%2BwVae4%2BsvdnaO1p73HkXs%2FVisUDTGm7R8IcdnOROeq%2B19qT1amhA1VJtPenoTUgrtfKc9m7Rq8dP7nnjwOB7wg7ADdNt7VX64DWAWlKhPtmDEq22g4GF99x6Dk9E8OSsankHXqPNKDxC%2FdK7MLKTircTDgsI3mmj4OBdSq64dy7fd1x577RU1rt4cvMtOaulFYOd%2FLewRWvDO9lIgXFpZSnkZmjbv5SxKTPoQXClFbpsf%2Fhbbpzs0IB3vb8KkyzJQ%2BywOAgCrMpgRrz%2BKk4fvb7kFbR4XJCu0gAdtNO7woCwZTu%2BBUs9bam%2Fds71drVerpeisgrubLjAB4nnOSkWQnfr5W6o1ku5Xpr1MgrCbL0M0vUyDtfLLK15WiYp47xKWSLyjFVpwVmVJSLIoCjSOFkv3W7oKsVliwZJcB9nwXpZ5GEQQwY8jNKqKCBrgjTLeFxgdCIpazojDgnRtn43J6kG7nZ6cAbxh0EeFFk4%2B1u867cY5u4344n%2FxXjCqAjucdTHgLKojNKmSfO8KRsOFY%2FzKEYCKEJBzv90QA9nfm9gL%2BHulaFqUkz9ULUYxl62B3U%2FRVNLA8IhggaPycOoBuwOCESciDQVSSUgiOMsROB%2FhKfwCKOzEk%2B4k6rWd4uuT%2FwTDz7K7t3d3WLO8ISD95jSPQbayBacthbz86XVgxHwhex5zawzgDOmtp%2F3GPcXn0VXHdSS029%2Fj99UC%2FwJUvyKQ%2FzKyixIEVlYJOn4RxxuaH43Ty9fbJ5OObykHH435XAzJTHeOF4hhEUXD8URe%2FQ%2FBT%2BMpf8d5GN02Ox%2FfiGsl7TA7POu1xZ5%2BbTzcAVKMe48mqcC21hkacVEVScM26liVVBnrKkC4CLKyzAvHu0lhEaTKMFwI3a4SN9MsrfYzdBLq2vkwRD1gVviLT8kY9h2CHH6Y%2Bix6609weFtey4ESp60WtyeWMy%2BsmBuhsoKIyuoT%2Bq2R%2FrW5qi3g%2FvzS2j40DoixDP8%2BKP0yUdpXJ4l6Vla%2Bg9vce%2BC4yM5YlUcbA%2F0jLKdpmTwvsdN5z88nAIe08%2F0HgxeG1iv%2B6Hlhjh7uiW0SDzYNI92L401uha3JKYk268UVRzdOzNQvAaJqoXzAc80dAV440NZ1WVVAAMRYQ2KrGJFmDUsq8saWSnjvIj8t78y%2FRa3JRnbHVfyFpfwoDiGpPgjzekyUiKNlU3OMlwuLMmzgvEojllYVE2Z1HhImvsnk%2BuhusTEoB21PAtSFodeFK3iYhXEH9WOG2%2FkOE833sfeG%2Ff5cfHtEFNXgYes0%2FXj7aGivUgJ9XpusCtoNcNYVVnJVrrDo0OmJAutHCpuZul4W9lLcfy7BnuLPT02%2ByXsCTk%2B9zhzswIN04YueNSK%2BPtM0jS88QdLqSLJDTLsuGZJNolm2yO0PXh3UPnz9Ix5bfIAqxPjvETQsDCEiPG4QbqNyhBZISxybLnZYCrW5H3Axp690%2F0BJdXtDZ5ITuM4xj3f4oUHGzc5JeJmZKpp%2FjwKh4wMV%2FV1yx3emLoR0MwbG4K%2F%2BZgVep3PnzXGDHZ6a3i%2Fk%2BJrONDN13%2Bnq6tBTYk4o7cLGhBtqCC4KwacGHpEVuoH5JNro%2FE6JfE6d5RydbiR76k%2BW5wioDHBIjw1euhHjUGRB0y5A97KoaPx6MlL%2BwgboUVtUFRI%2FLemgTpdtF59ii7pab08kuPcfWzs0l%2FRI5takWnFpka0zOgWRtYcuf9aIxZMxlwr6IiGpsb6j2DQUXPl%2FimXI599Ev7fWjoPD78A',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6ZP4cXvo9FaX3VLH7MF4CgY30JFpY_GA',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Cops investigate gorilla incident at Cincinnati Zoo',
+            'description': 'md5:fee7441ab8aaeb3c693482394738102b',
+            'duration': 350,
+            'timestamp': 1464719713,
+            'upload_date': '20160531',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        item = self._parse_json(zlib.decompress(compat_b64decode(
-            compat_urllib_parse_unquote(self._match_id(url))),
-            -zlib.MAX_WBITS).decode('utf-8'), None)['video']['items'][0]
-        return self._extract_video_info(item['mpxRefId'], 'cbsnews')
+        item = traverse_obj(self._parse_json(zlib.decompress(base64.b64decode(
+            urllib.parse.unquote(self._match_id(url))),
+            -zlib.MAX_WBITS).decode(), None), ('video', 'items', 0, {dict})) or {}
+
+        video_id = item['mpxRefId']
+        video_url = self._get_video_url(item)
+        if not video_url:
+            # Old embeds redirect user to ParamountPlus but most links are 404
+            pplus_url = f'https://www.paramountplus.com/shows/video/{video_id}'
+            try:
+                self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(pplus_url), video_id)
+                return self.url_result(pplus_url, ParamountPlusIE)
+            except ExtractorError:
+                self.raise_no_formats('This video is no longer available', True, video_id)
+
+        return self._extract_video(item, video_url, video_id)
 
 
-class CBSNewsIE(CBSIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class CBSNewsIE(CBSNewsBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'cbsnews'
     IE_DESC = 'CBS News'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/(?:news|video)/(?P<id>[\da-z_-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/(?:news|video)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [
         {
@@ -47,10 +164,7 @@ class CBSNewsIE(CBSIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 'timestamp': 1476046464,
                 'upload_date': '20161009',
             },
-            'params': {
-                # rtmp download
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
+            'skip': 'This video is no longer available',
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/video/fort-hood-shooting-army-downplays-mental-illness-as-cause-of-attack/',
@@ -61,48 +175,234 @@ class CBSNewsIE(CBSIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 'description': 'md5:4a6983e480542d8b333a947bfc64ddc7',
                 'upload_date': '20140404',
                 'timestamp': 1396650660,
-                'uploader': 'CBSI-NEW',
                 'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
                 'duration': 205,
                 'subtitles': {
                     'en': [{
-                        'ext': 'ttml',
+                        'ext': 'dfxp',
                     }],
                 },
             },
             'params': {
-                # m3u8 download
-                'skip_download': True,
+                'skip_download': 'm3u8',
             },
         },
         {
             # 48 hours
             'url': 'http://www.cbsnews.com/news/maria-ridulph-murder-will-the-nations-oldest-cold-case-to-go-to-trial-ever-get-solved/',
             'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'maria-ridulph-murder-will-the-nations-oldest-cold-case-to-go-to-trial-ever-get-solved',
                 'title': 'Cold as Ice',
                 'description': 'Can a childhood memory solve the 1957 murder of 7-year-old Maria Ridulph?',
             },
             'playlist_mincount': 7,
         },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/video/032823-cbs-evening-news/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '_2wuO7hD9LwtyM_TwSnVwnKp6kxlcXgE',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'CBS Evening News, March 28, 2023',
+                'description': 'md5:db20615aae54adc1d55a1fd69dc75d13',
+                'duration': 1189,
+                'timestamp': 1680042600,
+                'upload_date': '20230328',
+                'season': 'Season 2023',
+                'season_number': 2023,
+                'episode': 'Episode 83',
+                'episode_number': 83,
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+            },
+        },
     ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
-
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
 
-        entries = []
-        for embed_url in re.findall(r'<iframe[^>]+data-src="(https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/embed/video/[^#]*#[^"]+)"', webpage):
-            entries.append(self.url_result(embed_url, CBSNewsEmbedIE.ie_key()))
-        if entries:
-            return self.playlist_result(
-                entries, playlist_title=self._html_search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage),
-                playlist_description=self._html_search_meta(['og:description', 'twitter:description', 'description'], webpage))
+        playlist = self._extract_playlist(webpage, display_id)
+        if playlist:
+            return playlist
 
-        item = self._parse_json(self._html_search_regex(
-            r'CBSNEWS\.defaultPayload\s*=\s*({.+})',
-            webpage, 'video JSON info'), display_id)['items'][0]
-        return self._extract_video_info(item['mpxRefId'], 'cbsnews')
+        item = self._get_item(webpage, display_id)
+        video_id = item.get('mpxRefId') or display_id
+        video_url = self._get_video_url(item)
+        if not video_url:
+            self.raise_no_formats('No video content was found', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+
+        return self._extract_video(item, video_url, video_id)
+
+
+class CBSLocalBaseIE(CBSNewsBaseIE):
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        item = self._get_item(webpage, display_id)
+        video_id = item.get('mpxRefId') or display_id
+        anvato_id = None
+        video_url = self._get_video_url(item)
+
+        if not video_url:
+            anv_params = self._search_regex(
+                r'<iframe[^>]+\bdata-src="https?://w3\.mp\.lura\.live/player/prod/v3/anvload\.html\?key=([^"]+)"',
+                webpage, 'Anvato URL', default=None)
+
+            if not anv_params:
+                playlist = self._extract_playlist(webpage, display_id)
+                if playlist:
+                    return playlist
+                self.raise_no_formats('No video content was found', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+
+            anv_data = self._parse_json(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(f'{anv_params}===').decode(), video_id)
+            anvato_id = anv_data['v']
+            return self.url_result(
+                smuggle_url(f'anvato:{anv_data.get("anvack") or self._ANVACK}:{anvato_id}', {
+                    'token': anv_data.get('token') or 'default',
+                }), AnvatoIE, url_transparent=True, _old_archive_ids=[make_archive_id(self, anvato_id)])
+
+        return self._extract_video(item, video_url, video_id)
+
+
+class CBSLocalIE(CBSLocalBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/(?:{CBSNewsBaseIE._LOCALE_RE})/(?:live/)?video/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # Anvato video via defaultPayload JSON
+        'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/video/1st-cannabis-dispensary-opens-in-queens/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6376747',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '1st cannabis dispensary opens in Queens',
+            'description': 'The dispensary is women-owned and located in Jamaica.',
+            'uploader': 'CBS',
+            'duration': 20,
+            'timestamp': 1680193657,
+            'upload_date': '20230330',
+            'categories': ['Stations\\Spoken Word\\WCBSTV', 'Content\\Google', 'Content\\News', 'Content\\News\\Local News'],
+            'tags': 'count:11',
+            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://.*',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['cbslocal 6376747'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        # cbsnews.com video via defaultPayload JSON
+        'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/live/video/20230330171655-the-city-is-sounding-the-alarm-on-dangerous-social-media-challenges/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'sJqfw7YvgSC6ant2zVmzt3y1jYKoL5J3',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'the city is sounding the alarm on dangerous social media challenges',
+            'description': 'md5:8eccc9b1b73be5138a52e9c4350d2cd6',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images-cbsn.cbsnews.com/prod/2023/03/30/story_22509622_1680196925.jpg',
+            'duration': 41.0,
+            'timestamp': 1680196615,
+            'upload_date': '20230330',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+
+class CBSLocalArticleIE(CBSLocalBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/(?:{CBSNewsBaseIE._LOCALE_RE})/news/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # Anvato video via iframe embed
+        'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/mta-station-agents-leaving-their-booths-to-provide-more-direct-customer-service/',
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'mta-station-agents-leaving-their-booths-to-provide-more-direct-customer-service',
+            'title': 'MTA station agents begin leaving their booths to provide more direct customer service',
+            'description': 'The more than 2,200 agents will provide face-to-face customer service to passengers.',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/news/safety-advocates-say-fatal-car-seat-failures-are-public-health-crisis/',
+        'md5': 'f0ee3081e3843f575fccef901199b212',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3401037',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Safety Advocates Say Fatal Car Seat Failures Are \'Public Health Crisis\'',
+            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://.*',
+            'timestamp': 1463440500,
+            'upload_date': '20160516',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Video has been removed',
+    }]
+
+
+class CBSNewsLiveBaseIE(CBSNewsBaseIE):
+    def _get_id(self, url):
+        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._get_id(url)
+        if not video_id:
+            raise ExtractorError('Livestream is not available', expected=True)
+
+        data = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            'https://feeds-cbsn.cbsnews.com/2.0/rundown/', video_id, query={
+                'partner': 'cbsnsite',
+                'edition': video_id,
+                'type': 'live',
+            }), ('navigation', 'data', 0, {dict}))
+
+        video_url = traverse_obj(data, (('videoUrlDAI', ('videoUrl', 'base')), {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
+        if not video_url:
+            raise UserNotLive(video_id=video_id)
+
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(video_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'is_live': True,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': 'headline',
+                'description': 'rundown_slug',
+                'thumbnail': ('images', 'thumbnail_url_hd', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class CBSLocalLiveIE(CBSNewsLiveBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/(?P<id>{CBSNewsBaseIE._LOCALE_RE})/live/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/losangeles/live/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'CBSN-LA',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': str,
+            'description': r're:KCBS/CBSN_LA.CRISPIN.\w+.RUNDOWN \w+ \w+',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _get_id(self, url):
+        return format_field(self._LOCALES, self._match_id(url), 'CBSN-%s')
+
+
+class CBSNewsLiveIE(CBSNewsLiveBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'cbsnews:live'
+    IE_DESC = 'CBS News Livestream'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/live/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.cbsnews.com/live/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'CBSN-US',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': str,
+            'description': r're:\w+ \w+ CRISPIN RUNDOWN',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _get_id(self, url):
+        return 'CBSN-US'
 
 
 class CBSNewsLiveVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -111,7 +411,7 @@ class CBSNewsLiveVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cbsnews\.com/live/video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
 
     # Live videos get deleted soon. See http://www.cbsnews.com/live/ for the latest examples
-    _TEST = {
+    _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.cbsnews.com/live/video/clinton-sanders-prepare-to-face-off-in-nh/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'clinton-sanders-prepare-to-face-off-in-nh',
@@ -120,7 +420,7 @@ class CBSNewsLiveVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 334,
         },
         'skip': 'Video gone',
-    }
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -131,13 +431,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'dvr_slug': display_id,
             })
 
-        formats = self._extract_akamai_formats(video_info['url'], display_id)
-
         return {
             'id': display_id,
             'display_id': display_id,
-            'title': video_info['headline'],
-            'thumbnail': video_info.get('thumbnail_url_hd') or video_info.get('thumbnail_url_sd'),
-            'duration': parse_duration(video_info.get('segmentDur')),
-            'formats': formats,
+            'formats': self._extract_akamai_formats(video_info['url'], display_id),
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'title': 'headline',
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail_url_hd', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('segmentDur', {parse_duration}),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ccc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ccc.py
index 22e3a22ec..ca6b82c98 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ccc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ccc.py
@@ -90,10 +90,17 @@ class CCCPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '30c3',
         },
         'playlist_count': 135,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://media.ccc.de/c/DS2023',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Datenspuren 2023',
+            'id': 'DS2023',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 37
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        playlist_id = self._match_id(url).lower()
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
 
         conf = self._download_json(
             'https://media.ccc.de/public/conferences/' + playlist_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ceskatelevize.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ceskatelevize.py
index be2b0bb43..8390160a0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ceskatelevize.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ceskatelevize.py
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
-    compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote, compat_urllib_parse_urlparse
+from ..networking import Request
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
-    sanitized_Request,
     str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     urlencode_postdata,
-    USER_AGENTS,
 )
 
+USER_AGENTS = {
+    'Safari': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:10.0) AppleWebKit/533.20.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.4 Safari/533.20.27',
+}
+
 
 class CeskaTelevizeIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ceskatelevize\.cz/(?:ivysilani|porady|zive)/(?:[^/?#&]+/)*(?P<id>[^/#?]+)'
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class CeskaTelevizeIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, playlist_id)
-        parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(urlh.geturl())
+        parsed_url = compat_urllib_parse_urlparse(urlh.url)
         site_name = self._og_search_property('site_name', webpage, fatal=False, default='Česká televize')
         playlist_title = self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None)
         if site_name and playlist_title:
@@ -163,16 +163,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         entries = []
 
         for user_agent in (None, USER_AGENTS['Safari']):
-            req = sanitized_Request(
+            req = Request(
                 'https://www.ceskatelevize.cz/ivysilani/ajax/get-client-playlist/',
                 data=urlencode_postdata(data))
 
-            req.add_header('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
-            req.add_header('x-addr', '127.0.0.1')
-            req.add_header('X-Requested-With', 'XMLHttpRequest')
+            req.headers['Content-type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+            req.headers['x-addr'] = '127.0.0.1'
+            req.headers['X-Requested-With'] = 'XMLHttpRequest'
             if user_agent:
-                req.add_header('User-Agent', user_agent)
-            req.add_header('Referer', url)
+                req.headers['User-Agent'] = user_agent
+            req.headers['Referer'] = url
 
             playlistpage = self._download_json(req, playlist_id, fatal=False)
 
@@ -183,8 +183,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             if playlist_url == 'error_region':
                 raise ExtractorError(NOT_AVAILABLE_STRING, expected=True)
 
-            req = sanitized_Request(compat_urllib_parse_unquote(playlist_url))
-            req.add_header('Referer', url)
+            req = Request(compat_urllib_parse_unquote(playlist_url))
+            req.headers['Referer'] = url
 
             playlist = self._download_json(req, playlist_id, fatal=False)
             if not playlist:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cinetecamilano.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cinetecamilano.py
index 5e770ebac..9cffa11e8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cinetecamilano.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cinetecamilano.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
-import urllib.error
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'Authorization': try_get(self._get_cookies('https://www.cinetecamilano.it'), lambda x: f'Bearer {x["cnt-token"].value}') or ''
                 })
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if ((isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 500)
+            if ((isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 500)
                     or isinstance(e.cause, json.JSONDecodeError)):
                 self.raise_login_required(method='cookies')
             raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c9fa789b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    filter_dict,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_age_limit,
+    smuggle_url,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unsmuggle_url,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class CineverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https://www\.(?P<host>%s)' % '|'.join(map(re.escape, (
+        'cineverse.com',
+        'asiancrush.com',
+        'dovechannel.com',
+        'screambox.com',
+        'midnightpulp.com',
+        'fandor.com',
+        'retrocrush.tv',
+    )))
+
+
+class CineverseIE(CineverseBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'{CineverseBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}/watch/(?P<id>[A-Z0-9]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.asiancrush.com/watch/DMR00018919/Women-Who-Flirt',
+        'skip': 'geo-blocked',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Women Who Flirt',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'id': 'DMR00018919',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1678744575289,
+            'cast': ['Xun Zhou', 'Xiaoming Huang', 'Yi-Lin Sie', 'Sonia Sui', 'Quniciren'],
+            'duration': 5811.597,
+            'description': 'md5:892fd62a05611d394141e8394ace0bc6',
+            'age_limit': 13,
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.retrocrush.tv/watch/1000000023016/Archenemy! Crystal Bowie',
+        'skip': 'geo-blocked',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Archenemy! Crystal Bowie',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'id': '1000000023016',
+            'episode_number': 3,
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'cast': ['Nachi Nozawa', 'Yoshiko Sakakibara', 'Toshiko Fujita'],
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'episode': 'Episode 3',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'duration': 1485.067,
+            'description': 'Cobra meets a beautiful bounty hunter by the name of Jane Royal.',
+            'series': 'Space Adventure COBRA (Original Japanese)',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, default={})
+        self._initialize_geo_bypass({
+            'countries': smuggled_data.get('geo_countries'),
+        })
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        html = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        idetails = self._search_nextjs_data(html, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['idetails']
+
+        if idetails.get('err_code') == 1200:
+            self.raise_geo_restricted(
+                'This video is not available from your location due to geo restriction. '
+                'You may be able to bypass it by using the /details/ page instead of the /watch/ page',
+                countries=smuggled_data.get('geo_countries'))
+
+        return {
+            'subtitles': filter_dict({
+                'en': traverse_obj(idetails, (('cc_url_vtt', 'subtitle_url'), {'url': {url_or_none}})) or None,
+            }),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(idetails['url'], video_id),
+            **traverse_obj(idetails, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'id': ('details', 'item_id'),
+                'description': ('details', 'description'),
+                'duration': ('duration', {lambda x: x / 1000}),
+                'cast': ('details', 'cast', {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('details', 'updated_by', 0, 'update_time', 'time', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_number': ('details', 'season', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('details', 'episode', {int_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('details', 'rating_code', {parse_age_limit}),
+                'series': ('details', 'series_details', 'title'),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class CineverseDetailsIE(CineverseBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'{CineverseBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}/details/(?P<id>[A-Z0-9]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.retrocrush.tv/details/1000000023012/Space-Adventure-COBRA-(Original-Japanese)',
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Space Adventure COBRA (Original Japanese)',
+            'id': '1000000023012',
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.asiancrush.com/details/NNVG4938/Hansel-and-Gretel',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'NNVG4938',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Hansel and Gretel',
+            'description': 'md5:e3e4c35309c2e82aee044f972c2fb05d',
+            'cast': ['Jeong-myeong Cheon', 'Eun Won-jae', 'Shim Eun-gyeong', 'Ji-hee Jin', 'Hee-soon Park', 'Lydia Park', 'Kyeong-ik Kim'],
+            'duration': 7030.732,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        host, series_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('host', 'id')
+        html = self._download_webpage(url, series_id)
+        pageprops = self._search_nextjs_data(html, series_id)['props']['pageProps']
+
+        geo_countries = traverse_obj(pageprops, ('itemDetailsData', 'geo_country', {lambda x: x.split(', ')}))
+        geoblocked = traverse_obj(pageprops, (
+            'itemDetailsData', 'playback_err_msg')) == 'This title is not available in your location.'
+
+        def item_result(item):
+            item_url = f'https://www.{host}/watch/{item["item_id"]}/{item["title"]}'
+            if geoblocked:
+                item_url = smuggle_url(item_url, {'geo_countries': geo_countries})
+            return self.url_result(item_url, CineverseIE)
+
+        season = traverse_obj(pageprops, ('seasonEpisodes', ..., 'episodes', lambda _, v: v['item_id'] and v['title']))
+        if season:
+            return self.playlist_result([item_result(ep) for ep in season], playlist_id=series_id,
+                                        playlist_title=traverse_obj(pageprops, ('itemDetailsData', 'title')))
+        return item_result(pageprops['itemDetailsData'])
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ciscowebex.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ciscowebex.py
index 0fcf02282..85585dffb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ciscowebex.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ciscowebex.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if rcid:
             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, None, note='Getting video ID')
             url = self._search_regex(self._VALID_URL, webpage, 'redirection url', group='url')
-        url = self._request_webpage(url, None, note='Resolving final URL').geturl()
+        url = self._request_webpage(url, None, note='Resolving final URL').url
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
         subdomain = mobj.group('subdomain')
         siteurl = mobj.group('siteurl_1') or mobj.group('siteurl_2')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/clipchamp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/clipchamp.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8bdf7e50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/clipchamp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class ClipchampIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?clipchamp\.com/watch/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://clipchamp.com/watch/gRXZ4ZhdDaU',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'gRXZ4ZhdDaU',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Untitled video',
+            'uploader': 'Alexander Schwartz',
+            'timestamp': 1680805580,
+            'upload_date': '20230406',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    _STREAM_URL_TMPL = 'https://%s.cloudflarestream.com/%s/manifest/video.%s'
+    _STREAM_URL_QUERY = {'parentOrigin': 'https://clipchamp.com'}
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['video']
+
+        storage_location = data.get('storage_location')
+        if storage_location != 'cf_stream':
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unsupported clip storage location "{storage_location}"')
+
+        path = data['download_url']
+        iframe = self._download_webpage(
+            f'https://iframe.cloudflarestream.com/{path}', video_id, 'Downloading player iframe')
+        subdomain = self._search_regex(
+            r'\bcustomer-domain-prefix=["\']([\w-]+)["\']', iframe,
+            'subdomain', fatal=False) or 'customer-2ut9yn3y6fta1yxe'
+
+        formats = self._extract_mpd_formats(
+            self._STREAM_URL_TMPL % (subdomain, path, 'mpd'), video_id,
+            query=self._STREAM_URL_QUERY, fatal=False, mpd_id='dash')
+        formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            self._STREAM_URL_TMPL % (subdomain, path, 'm3u8'), video_id, 'mp4',
+            query=self._STREAM_URL_QUERY, fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls'))
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'uploader': ' '.join(traverse_obj(data, ('creator', ('first_name', 'last_name'), {str}))) or None,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('project', 'project_name', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('created_at', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail_url', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cnbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cnbc.py
index 68fd025b7..7d209b6d9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cnbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cnbc.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ class CNBCIE(InfoExtractor):
             # m3u8 download
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'Dead link',
     }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -49,6 +50,7 @@ class CNBCVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'Dead link',
     }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/comedycentral.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/comedycentral.py
index 05fc9f2b5..27d295bb3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/comedycentral.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/comedycentral.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 class ComedyCentralIE(MTVServicesInfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cc\.com/(?:episodes|video(?:-clips)?|collection-playlist)/(?P<id>[0-9a-z]{6})'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cc\.com/(?:episodes|video(?:-clips)?|collection-playlist|movies)/(?P<id>[0-9a-z]{6})'
     _FEED_URL = 'http://comedycentral.com/feeds/mrss/'
 
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ class ComedyCentralIE(MTVServicesInfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.cc.com/collection-playlist/cosnej/stand-up-specials/t6vtjb',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.cc.com/movies/tkp406/a-cluesterfuenke-christmas',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
index 2091df7fa..c3ceb0039 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 import os
 import random
 import re
+import subprocess
 import sys
 import time
 import types
@@ -21,9 +22,21 @@
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from ..compat import functools  # isort: split
-from ..compat import compat_etree_fromstring, compat_expanduser, compat_os_name
+from ..compat import (
+    compat_etree_fromstring,
+    compat_expanduser,
+    compat_os_name,
+    urllib_req_to_req,
+)
 from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
 from ..downloader.f4m import get_base_url, remove_encrypted_media
+from ..downloader.hls import HlsFD
+from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import (
+    HTTPError,
+    IncompleteRead,
+    network_exceptions,
+)
 from ..utils import (
     IDENTITY,
     JSON_LD_RE,
@@ -32,8 +45,8 @@
     FormatSorter,
     GeoRestrictedError,
     GeoUtils,
-    HEADRequest,
     LenientJSONDecoder,
+    Popen,
     RegexNotFoundError,
     RetryManager,
     UnsupportedError,
@@ -56,7 +69,7 @@
     join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
     mimetype2ext,
-    network_exceptions,
+    netrc_from_content,
     orderedSet,
     parse_bitrate,
     parse_codecs,
@@ -66,7 +79,6 @@
     parse_resolution,
     sanitize_filename,
     sanitize_url,
-    sanitized_Request,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
     str_to_int,
@@ -78,8 +90,6 @@
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
     unified_timestamp,
-    update_Request,
-    update_url_query,
     url_basename,
     url_or_none,
     urlhandle_detect_ext,
@@ -220,7 +230,8 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                                  width : height ratio as float.
                     * no_resume  The server does not support resuming the
                                  (HTTP or RTMP) download. Boolean.
-                    * has_drm    The format has DRM and cannot be downloaded. Boolean
+                    * has_drm    True if the format has DRM and cannot be downloaded.
+                                 'maybe' if the format may have DRM and has to be tested before download.
                     * extra_param_to_segment_url  A query string to append to each
                                  fragment's URL, or to update each existing query string
                                  with. Only applied by the native HLS/DASH downloaders.
@@ -286,6 +297,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     channel_id:     Id of the channel.
     channel_url:    Full URL to a channel webpage.
     channel_follower_count: Number of followers of the channel.
+    channel_is_verified: Whether the channel is verified on the platform.
     location:       Physical location where the video was filmed.
     subtitles:      The available subtitles as a dictionary in the format
                     {tag: subformats}. "tag" is usually a language code, and
@@ -314,6 +326,11 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                         * "author" - human-readable name of the comment author
                         * "author_id" - user ID of the comment author
                         * "author_thumbnail" - The thumbnail of the comment author
+                        * "author_url" - The url to the comment author's page
+                        * "author_is_verified" - Whether the author is verified
+                                                 on the platform
+                        * "author_is_uploader" - Whether the comment is made by
+                                                 the video uploader
                         * "id" - Comment ID
                         * "html" - Comment as HTML
                         * "text" - Plain text of the comment
@@ -325,8 +342,8 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                         * "dislike_count" - Number of negative ratings of the comment
                         * "is_favorited" - Whether the comment is marked as
                                            favorite by the video uploader
-                        * "author_is_uploader" - Whether the comment is made by
-                                                 the video uploader
+                        * "is_pinned" - Whether the comment is pinned to
+                                        the top of the comments
     age_limit:      Age restriction for the video, as an integer (years)
     webpage_url:    The URL to the video webpage, if given to yt-dlp it
                     should allow to get the same result again. (It will be set
@@ -350,6 +367,10 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                         * "start_time" - The start time of the chapter in seconds
                         * "end_time" - The end time of the chapter in seconds
                         * "title" (optional, string)
+    heatmap:        A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
+                        * "start_time" - The start time of the data point in seconds
+                        * "end_time" - The end time of the data point in seconds
+                        * "value" - The normalized value of the data point (float between 0 and 1)
     playable_in_embed: Whether this video is allowed to play in embedded
                     players on other sites. Can be True (=always allowed),
                     False (=never allowed), None (=unknown), or a string
@@ -461,8 +482,8 @@ class InfoExtractor:
 
 
     Subclasses of this should also be added to the list of extractors and
-    should define a _VALID_URL regexp and, re-define the _real_extract() and
-    (optionally) _real_initialize() methods.
+    should define _VALID_URL as a regexp or a Sequence of regexps, and
+    re-define the _real_extract() and (optionally) _real_initialize() methods.
 
     Subclasses may also override suitable() if necessary, but ensure the function
     signature is preserved and that this function imports everything it needs
@@ -525,7 +546,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     _EMBED_REGEX = []
 
     def _login_hint(self, method=NO_DEFAULT, netrc=None):
-        password_hint = f'--username and --password, or --netrc ({netrc or self._NETRC_MACHINE}) to provide account credentials'
+        password_hint = f'--username and --password, --netrc-cmd, or --netrc ({netrc or self._NETRC_MACHINE}) to provide account credentials'
         return {
             None: '',
             'any': f'Use --cookies, --cookies-from-browser, {password_hint}',
@@ -552,8 +573,8 @@ def _match_valid_url(cls, url):
         # we have cached the regexp for *this* class, whereas getattr would also
         # match the superclass
         if '_VALID_URL_RE' not in cls.__dict__:
-            cls._VALID_URL_RE = re.compile(cls._VALID_URL)
-        return cls._VALID_URL_RE.match(url)
+            cls._VALID_URL_RE = tuple(map(re.compile, variadic(cls._VALID_URL)))
+        return next(filter(None, (regex.match(url) for regex in cls._VALID_URL_RE)), None)
 
     @classmethod
     def suitable(cls, url):
@@ -708,11 +729,11 @@ def extract(self, url):
         except UnsupportedError:
             raise
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            e.video_id = e.video_id or self.get_temp_id(url),
+            e.video_id = e.video_id or self.get_temp_id(url)
             e.ie = e.ie or self.IE_NAME,
             e.traceback = e.traceback or sys.exc_info()[2]
             raise
-        except http.client.IncompleteRead as e:
+        except IncompleteRead as e:
             raise ExtractorError('A network error has occurred.', cause=e, expected=True, video_id=self.get_temp_id(url))
         except (KeyError, StopIteration) as e:
             raise ExtractorError('An extractor error has occurred.', cause=e, video_id=self.get_temp_id(url))
@@ -771,20 +792,25 @@ def IE_NAME(cls):
 
     @staticmethod
     def __can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status):
-        assert isinstance(err, urllib.error.HTTPError)
+        assert isinstance(err, HTTPError)
         if expected_status is None:
             return False
         elif callable(expected_status):
-            return expected_status(err.code) is True
+            return expected_status(err.status) is True
         else:
-            return err.code in variadic(expected_status)
+            return err.status in variadic(expected_status)
 
     def _create_request(self, url_or_request, data=None, headers=None, query=None):
         if isinstance(url_or_request, urllib.request.Request):
-            return update_Request(url_or_request, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        if query:
-            url_or_request = update_url_query(url_or_request, query)
-        return sanitized_Request(url_or_request, data, headers or {})
+            self._downloader.deprecation_warning(
+                'Passing a urllib.request.Request to _create_request() is deprecated. '
+                'Use yt_dlp.networking.common.Request instead.')
+            url_or_request = urllib_req_to_req(url_or_request)
+        elif not isinstance(url_or_request, Request):
+            url_or_request = Request(url_or_request)
+
+        url_or_request.update(data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
+        return url_or_request
 
     def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers=None, query=None, expected_status=None):
         """
@@ -820,14 +846,9 @@ def _request_webpage(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fa
         try:
             return self._downloader.urlopen(self._create_request(url_or_request, data, headers, query))
         except network_exceptions as err:
-            if isinstance(err, urllib.error.HTTPError):
+            if isinstance(err, HTTPError):
                 if self.__can_accept_status_code(err, expected_status):
-                    # Retain reference to error to prevent file object from
-                    # being closed before it can be read. Works around the
-                    # effects of <https://bugs.python.org/issue15002>
-                    # introduced in Python 3.4.1.
-                    err.fp._error = err
-                    return err.fp
+                    return err.response
 
             if errnote is False:
                 return False
@@ -959,11 +980,11 @@ def _webpage_read_content(self, urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errno
         if prefix is not None:
             webpage_bytes = prefix + webpage_bytes
         if self.get_param('dump_intermediate_pages', False):
-            self.to_screen('Dumping request to ' + urlh.geturl())
+            self.to_screen('Dumping request to ' + urlh.url)
             dump = base64.b64encode(webpage_bytes).decode('ascii')
             self._downloader.to_screen(dump)
         if self.get_param('write_pages'):
-            filename = self._request_dump_filename(urlh.geturl(), video_id)
+            filename = self._request_dump_filename(urlh.url, video_id)
             self.to_screen(f'Saving request to {filename}')
             with open(filename, 'wb') as outf:
                 outf.write(webpage_bytes)
@@ -1021,7 +1042,7 @@ def download_content(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote,
                              fatal=True, encoding=None, data=None, headers={}, query={}, expected_status=None):
             if self.get_param('load_pages'):
                 url_or_request = self._create_request(url_or_request, data, headers, query)
-                filename = self._request_dump_filename(url_or_request.full_url, video_id)
+                filename = self._request_dump_filename(url_or_request.url, video_id)
                 self.to_screen(f'Loading request from {filename}')
                 try:
                     with open(filename, 'rb') as dumpf:
@@ -1095,7 +1116,7 @@ def _download_webpage(
         while True:
             try:
                 return self.__download_webpage(url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, None, fatal, *args, **kwargs)
-            except http.client.IncompleteRead as e:
+            except IncompleteRead as e:
                 try_count += 1
                 if try_count >= tries:
                     raise e
@@ -1281,45 +1302,48 @@ def _html_search_regex(self, pattern, string, name, default=NO_DEFAULT, fatal=Tr
         return clean_html(res)
 
     def _get_netrc_login_info(self, netrc_machine=None):
-        username = None
-        password = None
         netrc_machine = netrc_machine or self._NETRC_MACHINE
 
-        if self.get_param('usenetrc', False):
-            try:
-                netrc_file = compat_expanduser(self.get_param('netrc_location') or '~')
-                if os.path.isdir(netrc_file):
-                    netrc_file = os.path.join(netrc_file, '.netrc')
-                info = netrc.netrc(file=netrc_file).authenticators(netrc_machine)
-                if info is not None:
-                    username = info[0]
-                    password = info[2]
-                else:
-                    raise netrc.NetrcParseError(
-                        'No authenticators for %s' % netrc_machine)
-            except (OSError, netrc.NetrcParseError) as err:
-                self.report_warning(
-                    'parsing .netrc: %s' % error_to_compat_str(err))
+        cmd = self.get_param('netrc_cmd')
+        if cmd:
+            cmd = cmd.replace('{}', netrc_machine)
+            self.to_screen(f'Executing command: {cmd}')
+            stdout, _, ret = Popen.run(cmd, text=True, shell=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
+            if ret != 0:
+                raise OSError(f'Command returned error code {ret}')
+            info = netrc_from_content(stdout).authenticators(netrc_machine)
 
-        return username, password
+        elif self.get_param('usenetrc', False):
+            netrc_file = compat_expanduser(self.get_param('netrc_location') or '~')
+            if os.path.isdir(netrc_file):
+                netrc_file = os.path.join(netrc_file, '.netrc')
+            info = netrc.netrc(netrc_file).authenticators(netrc_machine)
+
+        else:
+            return None, None
+        if not info:
+            raise netrc.NetrcParseError(f'No authenticators for {netrc_machine}')
+        return info[0], info[2]
 
     def _get_login_info(self, username_option='username', password_option='password', netrc_machine=None):
         """
         Get the login info as (username, password)
         First look for the manually specified credentials using username_option
         and password_option as keys in params dictionary. If no such credentials
-        available look in the netrc file using the netrc_machine or _NETRC_MACHINE
-        value.
+        are available try the netrc_cmd if it is defined or look in the
+        netrc file using the netrc_machine or _NETRC_MACHINE value.
         If there's no info available, return (None, None)
         """
 
-        # Attempt to use provided username and password or .netrc data
         username = self.get_param(username_option)
         if username is not None:
             password = self.get_param(password_option)
         else:
-            username, password = self._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine)
-
+            try:
+                username, password = self._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine)
+            except (OSError, netrc.NetrcParseError) as err:
+                self.report_warning(f'Failed to parse .netrc: {err}')
+                return None, None
         return username, password
 
     def _get_tfa_info(self, note='two-factor verification code'):
@@ -1663,7 +1687,7 @@ def _search_nextjs_data(self, webpage, video_id, *, transform_source=None, fatal
     def _search_nuxt_data(self, webpage, video_id, context_name='__NUXT__', *, fatal=True, traverse=('data', 0)):
         """Parses Nuxt.js metadata. This works as long as the function __NUXT__ invokes is a pure function"""
         rectx = re.escape(context_name)
-        FUNCTION_RE = r'\(function\((?P<arg_keys>.*?)\){return\s+(?P<js>{.*?})\s*;?\s*}\((?P<arg_vals>.*?)\)'
+        FUNCTION_RE = r'\(function\((?P<arg_keys>.*?)\){.*?\breturn\s+(?P<js>{.*?})\s*;?\s*}\((?P<arg_vals>.*?)\)'
         js, arg_keys, arg_vals = self._search_regex(
             (rf'<script>\s*window\.{rectx}={FUNCTION_RE}\s*\)\s*;?\s*</script>', rf'{rectx}\(.*?{FUNCTION_RE}'),
             webpage, context_name, group=('js', 'arg_keys', 'arg_vals'),
@@ -1789,7 +1813,7 @@ def _extract_f4m_formats(self, manifest_url, video_id, preference=None, quality=
             return []
 
         manifest, urlh = res
-        manifest_url = urlh.geturl()
+        manifest_url = urlh.url
 
         return self._parse_f4m_formats(
             manifest, manifest_url, video_id, preference=preference, quality=quality, f4m_id=f4m_id,
@@ -1948,7 +1972,7 @@ def _extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
             return [], {}
 
         m3u8_doc, urlh = res
-        m3u8_url = urlh.geturl()
+        m3u8_url = urlh.url
 
         return self._parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
             m3u8_doc, m3u8_url, ext=ext, entry_protocol=entry_protocol,
@@ -1962,11 +1986,7 @@ def _parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
             errnote=None, fatal=True, data=None, headers={}, query={},
             video_id=None):
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
-
-        has_drm = re.search('|'.join([
-            r'#EXT-X-FAXS-CM:',  # Adobe Flash Access
-            r'#EXT-X-(?:SESSION-)?KEY:.*?URI="skd://',  # Apple FairPlay
-        ]), m3u8_doc)
+        has_drm = HlsFD._has_drm(m3u8_doc)
 
         def format_url(url):
             return url if re.match(r'^https?://', url) else urllib.parse.urljoin(m3u8_url, url)
@@ -2228,18 +2248,10 @@ def _extract_smil_formats_and_subtitles(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, f4
         if res is False:
             assert not fatal
             return [], {}
-
         smil, urlh = res
-        smil_url = urlh.geturl()
 
-        namespace = self._parse_smil_namespace(smil)
-
-        fmts = self._parse_smil_formats(
-            smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=namespace, f4m_params=f4m_params)
-        subs = self._parse_smil_subtitles(
-            smil, namespace=namespace)
-
-        return fmts, subs
+        return self._parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(smil, urlh.url, video_id, f4m_params=f4m_params,
+                                                      namespace=self._parse_smil_namespace(smil))
 
     def _extract_smil_formats(self, *args, **kwargs):
         fmts, subs = self._extract_smil_formats_and_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -2253,7 +2265,7 @@ def _extract_smil_info(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, f4m_params=None):
             return {}
 
         smil, urlh = res
-        smil_url = urlh.geturl()
+        smil_url = urlh.url
 
         return self._parse_smil(smil, smil_url, video_id, f4m_params=f4m_params)
 
@@ -2265,9 +2277,8 @@ def _download_smil(self, smil_url, video_id, fatal=True, transform_source=None):
     def _parse_smil(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, f4m_params=None):
         namespace = self._parse_smil_namespace(smil)
 
-        formats = self._parse_smil_formats(
+        formats, subtitles = self._parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(
             smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=namespace, f4m_params=f4m_params)
-        subtitles = self._parse_smil_subtitles(smil, namespace=namespace)
 
         video_id = os.path.splitext(url_basename(smil_url))[0]
         title = None
@@ -2306,7 +2317,14 @@ def _parse_smil_namespace(self, smil):
         return self._search_regex(
             r'(?i)^{([^}]+)?}smil$', smil.tag, 'namespace', default=None)
 
-    def _parse_smil_formats(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_params=None, transform_rtmp_url=None):
+    def _parse_smil_formats(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        fmts, subs = self._parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(*args, **kwargs)
+        if subs:
+            self._report_ignoring_subs('SMIL')
+        return fmts
+
+    def _parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(
+            self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_params=None, transform_rtmp_url=None):
         base = smil_url
         for meta in smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('./head/meta', namespace)):
             b = meta.get('base') or meta.get('httpBase')
@@ -2314,7 +2332,7 @@ def _parse_smil_formats(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_para
                 base = b
                 break
 
-        formats = []
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
         rtmp_count = 0
         http_count = 0
         m3u8_count = 0
@@ -2362,8 +2380,9 @@ def _parse_smil_formats(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_para
             src_url = src_url.strip()
 
             if proto == 'm3u8' or src_ext == 'm3u8':
-                m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                m3u8_formats, m3u8_subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                     src_url, video_id, ext or 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                self._merge_subtitles(m3u8_subs, target=subtitles)
                 if len(m3u8_formats) == 1:
                     m3u8_count += 1
                     m3u8_formats[0].update({
@@ -2384,11 +2403,15 @@ def _parse_smil_formats(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_para
                 f4m_url += urllib.parse.urlencode(f4m_params)
                 formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(f4m_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
             elif src_ext == 'mpd':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                    src_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
+                mpd_formats, mpd_subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    src_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(mpd_formats)
+                self._merge_subtitles(mpd_subs, target=subtitles)
             elif re.search(r'\.ism/[Mm]anifest', src_url):
-                formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(
-                    src_url, video_id, ism_id='mss', fatal=False))
+                ism_formats, ism_subs = self._extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    src_url, video_id, ism_id='mss', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(ism_formats)
+                self._merge_subtitles(ism_subs, target=subtitles)
             elif src_url.startswith('http') and self._is_valid_url(src, video_id):
                 http_count += 1
                 formats.append({
@@ -2419,7 +2442,10 @@ def _parse_smil_formats(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_para
                 'format_note': 'SMIL storyboards',
             })
 
-        return formats
+        smil_subs = self._parse_smil_subtitles(smil, namespace=namespace)
+        self._merge_subtitles(smil_subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        return formats, subtitles
 
     def _parse_smil_subtitles(self, smil, namespace=None, subtitles_lang='en'):
         urls = []
@@ -2445,7 +2471,7 @@ def _extract_xspf_playlist(self, xspf_url, playlist_id, fatal=True):
             return []
 
         xspf, urlh = res
-        xspf_url = urlh.geturl()
+        xspf_url = urlh.url
 
         return self._parse_xspf(
             xspf, playlist_id, xspf_url=xspf_url,
@@ -2516,7 +2542,7 @@ def _extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
             return [], {}
 
         # We could have been redirected to a new url when we retrieved our mpd file.
-        mpd_url = urlh.geturl()
+        mpd_url = urlh.url
         mpd_base_url = base_url(mpd_url)
 
         return self._parse_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
@@ -2887,7 +2913,7 @@ def _extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(self, ism_url, video_id, ism_id=None, not
         if ism_doc is None:
             return [], {}
 
-        return self._parse_ism_formats_and_subtitles(ism_doc, urlh.geturl(), ism_id)
+        return self._parse_ism_formats_and_subtitles(ism_doc, urlh.url, ism_id)
 
     def _parse_ism_formats_and_subtitles(self, ism_doc, ism_url, ism_id=None):
         """
@@ -2983,6 +3009,8 @@ def _parse_ism_formats_and_subtitles(self, ism_doc, ism_url, ism_id=None):
                         'protocol': 'ism',
                         'fragments': fragments,
                         'has_drm': ism_doc.find('Protection') is not None,
+                        'language': stream_language,
+                        'audio_channels': int_or_none(track.get('Channels')),
                         '_download_params': {
                             'stream_type': stream_type,
                             'duration': duration,
@@ -3438,7 +3466,7 @@ def _set_cookie(self, domain, name, value, expire_time=None, port=None,
 
     def _get_cookies(self, url):
         """ Return a http.cookies.SimpleCookie with the cookies for the url """
-        return LenientSimpleCookie(self._downloader._calc_cookies(url))
+        return LenientSimpleCookie(self._downloader.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(url))
 
     def _apply_first_set_cookie_header(self, url_handle, cookie):
         """
@@ -3513,8 +3541,8 @@ def _RETURN_TYPE(cls):
     @classmethod
     def is_single_video(cls, url):
         """Returns whether the URL is of a single video, None if unknown"""
-        assert cls.suitable(url), 'The URL must be suitable for the extractor'
-        return {'video': True, 'playlist': False}.get(cls._RETURN_TYPE)
+        if cls.suitable(url):
+            return {'video': True, 'playlist': False}.get(cls._RETURN_TYPE)
 
     @classmethod
     def is_suitable(cls, age_limit):
@@ -3656,18 +3684,22 @@ def _extract_chapters_helper(self, chapter_list, start_function, title_function,
             'start_time': start_function(chapter),
             'title': title_function(chapter),
         } for chapter in chapter_list or []]
-        if not strict:
+        if strict:
+            warn = self.report_warning
+        else:
+            warn = self.write_debug
             chapter_list.sort(key=lambda c: c['start_time'] or 0)
 
         chapters = [{'start_time': 0}]
         for idx, chapter in enumerate(chapter_list):
             if chapter['start_time'] is None:
-                self.report_warning(f'Incomplete chapter {idx}')
+                warn(f'Incomplete chapter {idx}')
             elif chapters[-1]['start_time'] <= chapter['start_time'] <= duration:
                 chapters.append(chapter)
             elif chapter not in chapters:
-                self.report_warning(
-                    f'Invalid start time ({chapter["start_time"]} < {chapters[-1]["start_time"]}) for chapter "{chapter["title"]}"')
+                issue = (f'{chapter["start_time"]} > {duration}' if chapter['start_time'] > duration
+                         else f'{chapter["start_time"]} < {chapters[-1]["start_time"]}')
+                warn(f'Invalid start time ({issue}) for chapter "{chapter["title"]}"')
         return chapters[1:]
 
     def _extract_chapters_from_description(self, description, duration):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/corus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/corus.py
index c03d65310..bcc34ddd8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/corus.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/corus.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class CorusIE(ThePlatformFeedIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                         )
                     '''
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.hgtv.ca/shows/bryan-inc/videos/movie-night-popcorn-with-bryan-870923331648/',
+        'url': 'https://www.hgtv.ca/video/bryan-inc/movie-night-popcorn-with-bryan/870923331648/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '870923331648',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ class CorusIE(ThePlatformFeedIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'skip_download': True,
         },
         'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse JSON'],
+        # FIXME: yt-dlp wrongly raises for geo restriction
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.foodnetwork.ca/shows/chopped/video/episode/chocolate-obsession/video.html?v=872683587753',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/crackle.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/crackle.py
index 46100151a..1ef90b5a0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/crackle.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/crackle.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 import time
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     float_or_none,
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     errnote='Unable to download media JSON')
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 # 401 means geo restriction, trying next country
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                     continue
                 raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/craftsy.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/craftsy.py
index 307bfb946..5d3733143 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/craftsy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/craftsy.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 
 class CraftsyIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www.craftsy.com/class/(?P<id>[a-z0-9_-]+)/'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.craftsy\.com/class/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.craftsy.com/class/the-midnight-quilt-show-season-5/',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/crtvg.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/crtvg.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1aa8d7705
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/crtvg.py
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import remove_end
+
+
+class CrtvgIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?crtvg\.es/tvg/a-carta/[^/#?]+-(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.crtvg.es/tvg/a-carta/os-caimans-do-tea-5839623',
+        'md5': 'c0958d9ff90e4503a75544358758921d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5839623',
+            'title': 'Os caimáns do Tea',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:f71cfba21ae564f0a6f415b31de1f842',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'}
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        video_url = self._search_regex(r'var\s+url\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)', webpage, 'video url')
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(video_url + '/playlist.m3u8', video_id, fatal=False)
+        formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(video_url + '/manifest.mpd', video_id, fatal=False))
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'title': remove_end(self._html_search_meta(
+                ['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage, 'title', default=None), ' | CRTVG'),
+            'description': self._html_search_meta('description', webpage, 'description', default=None),
+            'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'], webpage, 'thumbnail', default=None),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
index 1abffcd74..ee34aced5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
@@ -1,28 +1,50 @@
 import base64
-import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
     format_field,
+    int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
+    parse_age_limit,
+    parse_count,
     parse_iso8601,
     qualities,
+    remove_start,
+    time_seconds,
     traverse_obj,
-    try_get,
+    url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
 class CrunchyrollBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/welcome/login'
+    _BASE_URL = 'https://www.crunchyroll.com'
     _API_BASE = 'https://api.crunchyroll.com'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'crunchyroll'
-    params = None
+    _AUTH_HEADERS = None
+    _API_ENDPOINT = None
+    _BASIC_AUTH = None
+    _CLIENT_ID = ('cr_web', 'noaihdevm_6iyg0a8l0q')
+    _LOCALE_LOOKUP = {
+        'ar': 'ar-SA',
+        'de': 'de-DE',
+        '': 'en-US',
+        'es': 'es-419',
+        'es-es': 'es-ES',
+        'fr': 'fr-FR',
+        'it': 'it-IT',
+        'pt-br': 'pt-BR',
+        'pt-pt': 'pt-PT',
+        'ru': 'ru-RU',
+        'hi': 'hi-IN',
+    }
 
     @property
     def is_logged_in(self):
-        return self._get_cookies(self._LOGIN_URL).get('etp_rt')
+        return bool(self._get_cookies(self._BASE_URL).get('etp_rt'))
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         if self.is_logged_in:
@@ -35,7 +57,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                 'device_id': 'whatvalueshouldbeforweb',
                 'device_type': 'com.crunchyroll.static',
                 'access_token': 'giKq5eY27ny3cqz',
-                'referer': self._LOGIN_URL
+                'referer': f'{self._BASE_URL}/welcome/login'
             })
         if upsell_response['code'] != 'ok':
             raise ExtractorError('Could not get session id')
@@ -43,149 +65,89 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
 
         login_response = self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE}/login.1.json', None, 'Logging in',
-            data=urllib.parse.urlencode({
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'account': username,
                 'password': password,
                 'session_id': session_id
-            }).encode('ascii'))
+            }))
         if login_response['code'] != 'ok':
             raise ExtractorError('Login failed. Server message: %s' % login_response['message'], expected=True)
         if not self.is_logged_in:
             raise ExtractorError('Login succeeded but did not set etp_rt cookie')
 
-    def _get_embedded_json(self, webpage, display_id):
-        initial_state = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;', webpage, 'initial state'), display_id)
-        app_config = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'__APP_CONFIG__\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;', webpage, 'app config'), display_id)
-        return initial_state, app_config
+    def _update_auth(self):
+        if CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS and CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_REFRESH > time_seconds():
+            return
 
-    def _get_params(self, lang):
-        if not CrunchyrollBaseIE.params:
-            if self._get_cookies(f'https://www.crunchyroll.com/{lang}').get('etp_rt'):
-                grant_type, key = 'etp_rt_cookie', 'accountAuthClientId'
-            else:
-                grant_type, key = 'client_id', 'anonClientId'
-
-            initial_state, app_config = self._get_embedded_json(self._download_webpage(
-                f'https://www.crunchyroll.com/{lang}', None, note='Retrieving main page'), None)
-            api_domain = app_config['cxApiParams']['apiDomain'].replace('beta.crunchyroll.com', 'www.crunchyroll.com')
+        if not CrunchyrollBaseIE._BASIC_AUTH:
+            cx_api_param = self._CLIENT_ID[self.is_logged_in]
+            self.write_debug(f'Using cxApiParam={cx_api_param}')
+            CrunchyrollBaseIE._BASIC_AUTH = 'Basic ' + base64.b64encode(f'{cx_api_param}:'.encode()).decode()
 
+        grant_type = 'etp_rt_cookie' if self.is_logged_in else 'client_id'
+        try:
             auth_response = self._download_json(
-                f'{api_domain}/auth/v1/token', None, note=f'Authenticating with grant_type={grant_type}',
-                headers={
-                    'Authorization': 'Basic ' + str(base64.b64encode(('%s:' % app_config['cxApiParams'][key]).encode('ascii')), 'ascii')
-                }, data=f'grant_type={grant_type}'.encode('ascii'))
-            policy_response = self._download_json(
-                f'{api_domain}/index/v2', None, note='Retrieving signed policy',
-                headers={
-                    'Authorization': auth_response['token_type'] + ' ' + auth_response['access_token']
-                })
-            cms = policy_response.get('cms_web')
-            bucket = cms['bucket']
-            params = {
-                'Policy': cms['policy'],
-                'Signature': cms['signature'],
-                'Key-Pair-Id': cms['key_pair_id']
-            }
-            locale = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('localization', 'locale'))
-            if locale:
-                params['locale'] = locale
-            CrunchyrollBaseIE.params = (api_domain, bucket, params)
-        return CrunchyrollBaseIE.params
+                f'{self._BASE_URL}/auth/v1/token', None, note=f'Authenticating with grant_type={grant_type}',
+                headers={'Authorization': CrunchyrollBaseIE._BASIC_AUTH}, data=f'grant_type={grant_type}'.encode())
+        except ExtractorError as error:
+            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 403:
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    'Request blocked by Cloudflare; navigate to Crunchyroll in your browser, '
+                    'then pass the fresh cookies (with --cookies-from-browser or --cookies) '
+                    'and your browser\'s User-Agent (with --user-agent)', expected=True)
+            raise
 
+        CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS = {'Authorization': auth_response['token_type'] + ' ' + auth_response['access_token']}
+        CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_REFRESH = time_seconds(seconds=traverse_obj(auth_response, ('expires_in', {float_or_none}), default=300) - 10)
 
-class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        https?://(?:beta|www)\.crunchyroll\.com/
-        (?P<lang>(?:\w{2}(?:-\w{2})?/)?)
-        watch/(?P<id>\w+)
-        (?:/(?P<display_id>[\w-]+))?/?(?:[?#]|$)'''
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GY2P1Q98Y/to-the-future',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'GY2P1Q98Y',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'duration': 1380.241,
-            'timestamp': 1459632600,
-            'description': 'md5:a022fbec4fbb023d43631032c91ed64b',
-            'title': 'World Trigger Episode 73 – To the Future',
-            'upload_date': '20160402',
-            'series': 'World Trigger',
-            'series_id': 'GR757DMKY',
-            'season': 'World Trigger',
-            'season_id': 'GR9P39NJ6',
-            'season_number': 1,
-            'episode': 'To the Future',
-            'episode_number': 73,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg$',
-            'chapters': 'count:2',
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8', 'format': 'all[format_id~=hardsub]'},
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GYE5WKQGR',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'GYE5WKQGR',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'duration': 366.459,
-            'timestamp': 1476788400,
-            'description': 'md5:74b67283ffddd75f6e224ca7dc031e76',
-            'title': 'SHELTER Episode  – Porter Robinson presents Shelter the Animation',
-            'upload_date': '20161018',
-            'series': 'SHELTER',
-            'series_id': 'GYGG09WWY',
-            'season': 'SHELTER',
-            'season_id': 'GR09MGK4R',
-            'season_number': 1,
-            'episode': 'Porter Robinson presents Shelter the Animation',
-            'episode_number': 0,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg$',
-            'chapters': 'count:0',
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': True},
-        'skip': 'Video is Premium only',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GY2P1Q98Y',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://beta.crunchyroll.com/pt-br/watch/G8WUN8VKP/the-ruler-of-conspiracy',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
+    def _locale_from_language(self, language):
+        config_locale = self._configuration_arg('metadata', ie_key=CrunchyrollBetaIE, casesense=True)
+        return config_locale[0] if config_locale else self._LOCALE_LOOKUP.get(language)
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        lang, internal_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id', 'display_id')
-        api_domain, bucket, params = self._get_params(lang)
+    def _call_base_api(self, endpoint, internal_id, lang, note=None, query={}):
+        self._update_auth()
 
-        episode_response = self._download_json(
-            f'{api_domain}/cms/v2{bucket}/episodes/{internal_id}', display_id,
-            note='Retrieving episode metadata', query=params)
-        if episode_response.get('is_premium_only') and not bucket.endswith('crunchyroll'):
-            if self.is_logged_in:
-                raise ExtractorError('This video is for premium members only', expected=True)
-            else:
-                self.raise_login_required('This video is for premium members only')
+        if not endpoint.startswith('/'):
+            endpoint = f'/{endpoint}'
 
-        stream_response = self._download_json(
-            f'{api_domain}{episode_response["__links__"]["streams"]["href"]}', display_id,
-            note='Retrieving stream info', query=params)
-        get_streams = lambda name: (traverse_obj(stream_response, name) or {}).items()
+        query = query.copy()
+        locale = self._locale_from_language(lang)
+        if locale:
+            query['locale'] = locale
 
-        requested_hardsubs = [('' if val == 'none' else val) for val in (self._configuration_arg('hardsub') or ['none'])]
-        hardsub_preference = qualities(requested_hardsubs[::-1])
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'{self._BASE_URL}{endpoint}', internal_id, note or f'Calling API: {endpoint}',
+            headers=CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS, query=query)
+
+    def _call_api(self, path, internal_id, lang, note='api', query={}):
+        if not path.startswith(f'/content/v2/{self._API_ENDPOINT}/'):
+            path = f'/content/v2/{self._API_ENDPOINT}/{path}'
+
+        try:
+            result = self._call_base_api(
+                path, internal_id, lang, f'Downloading {note} JSON ({self._API_ENDPOINT})', query=query)
+        except ExtractorError as error:
+            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 404:
+                return None
+            raise
+
+        if not result:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unexpected response when downloading {note} JSON')
+        return result
+
+    def _extract_formats(self, stream_response, display_id=None):
         requested_formats = self._configuration_arg('format') or ['adaptive_hls']
-
         available_formats = {}
-        for stream_type, streams in get_streams('streams'):
+        for stream_type, streams in traverse_obj(
+                stream_response, (('streams', ('data', 0)), {dict.items}, ...)):
             if stream_type not in requested_formats:
                 continue
-            for stream in streams.values():
-                if not stream.get('url'):
-                    continue
+            for stream in traverse_obj(streams, lambda _, v: v['url']):
                 hardsub_lang = stream.get('hardsub_locale') or ''
                 format_id = join_nonempty(stream_type, format_field(stream, 'hardsub_locale', 'hardsub-%s'))
                 available_formats[hardsub_lang] = (stream_type, format_id, hardsub_lang, stream['url'])
 
+        requested_hardsubs = [('' if val == 'none' else val) for val in (self._configuration_arg('hardsub') or ['none'])]
         if '' in available_formats and 'all' not in requested_hardsubs:
             full_format_langs = set(requested_hardsubs)
             self.to_screen(
@@ -196,6 +158,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         else:
             full_format_langs = set(map(str.lower, available_formats))
 
+        audio_locale = traverse_obj(stream_response, ((None, 'meta'), 'audio_locale'), get_all=False)
+        hardsub_preference = qualities(requested_hardsubs[::-1])
         formats = []
         for stream_type, format_id, hardsub_lang, stream_url in available_formats.values():
             if stream_type.endswith('hls'):
@@ -214,63 +178,292 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 continue
             for f in adaptive_formats:
                 if f.get('acodec') != 'none':
-                    f['language'] = stream_response.get('audio_locale')
+                    f['language'] = audio_locale
                 f['quality'] = hardsub_preference(hardsub_lang.lower())
             formats.extend(adaptive_formats)
 
-        chapters = None
+        return formats
+
+    def _extract_subtitles(self, data):
+        subtitles = {}
+
+        for locale, subtitle in traverse_obj(data, ((None, 'meta'), 'subtitles', {dict.items}, ...)):
+            subtitles[locale] = [traverse_obj(subtitle, {'url': 'url', 'ext': 'format'})]
+
+        return subtitles
+
+
+class CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
+    _API_ENDPOINT = 'cms'
+    _CMS_EXPIRY = None
+
+    def _call_cms_api_signed(self, path, internal_id, lang, note='api'):
+        if not CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_EXPIRY or CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_EXPIRY <= time_seconds():
+            response = self._call_base_api('index/v2', None, lang, 'Retrieving signed policy')['cms_web']
+            CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_QUERY = {
+                'Policy': response['policy'],
+                'Signature': response['signature'],
+                'Key-Pair-Id': response['key_pair_id'],
+            }
+            CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_BUCKET = response['bucket']
+            CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_EXPIRY = parse_iso8601(response['expires']) - 10
+
+        if not path.startswith('/cms/v2'):
+            path = f'/cms/v2{CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_BUCKET}/{path}'
+
+        return self._call_base_api(
+            path, internal_id, lang, f'Downloading {note} JSON (signed cms)', query=CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_QUERY)
+
+
+class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:beta\.|www\.)?crunchyroll\.com/
+        (?:(?P<lang>\w{2}(?:-\w{2})?)/)?
+        watch/(?!concert|musicvideo)(?P<id>\w+)'''
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # Premium only
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GY2P1Q98Y/to-the-future',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'GY2P1Q98Y',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 1380.241,
+            'timestamp': 1459632600,
+            'description': 'md5:a022fbec4fbb023d43631032c91ed64b',
+            'title': 'World Trigger Episode 73 – To the Future',
+            'upload_date': '20160402',
+            'series': 'World Trigger',
+            'series_id': 'GR757DMKY',
+            'season': 'World Trigger',
+            'season_id': 'GR9P39NJ6',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'To the Future',
+            'episode_number': 73,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
+            'chapters': 'count:2',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8', 'format': 'all[format_id~=hardsub]'},
+    }, {
+        # Premium only
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GYE5WKQGR',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'GYE5WKQGR',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 366.459,
+            'timestamp': 1476788400,
+            'description': 'md5:74b67283ffddd75f6e224ca7dc031e76',
+            'title': 'SHELTER – Porter Robinson presents Shelter the Animation',
+            'upload_date': '20161018',
+            'series': 'SHELTER',
+            'series_id': 'GYGG09WWY',
+            'season': 'SHELTER',
+            'season_id': 'GR09MGK4R',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Porter Robinson presents Shelter the Animation',
+            'episode_number': 0,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GJWU2VKK3/cherry-blossom-meeting-and-a-coming-blizzard',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'GJWU2VKK3',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 1420.054,
+            'description': 'md5:2d1c67c0ec6ae514d9c30b0b99a625cd',
+            'title': 'The Ice Guy and His Cool Female Colleague Episode 1 – Cherry Blossom Meeting and a Coming Blizzard',
+            'series': 'The Ice Guy and His Cool Female Colleague',
+            'series_id': 'GW4HM75NP',
+            'season': 'The Ice Guy and His Cool Female Colleague',
+            'season_id': 'GY9PC21VE',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Cherry Blossom Meeting and a Coming Blizzard',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'chapters': 'count:2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
+            'timestamp': 1672839000,
+            'upload_date': '20230104',
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GM8F313NQ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'GM8F313NQ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Garakowa -Restore the World-',
+            'description': 'md5:8d2f8b6b9dd77d87810882e7d2ee5608',
+            'duration': 3996.104,
+            'age_limit': 13,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/G62PEZ2E6',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'G62PEZ2E6',
+            'description': 'md5:8d2f8b6b9dd77d87810882e7d2ee5608',
+            'age_limit': 13,
+            'duration': 65.138,
+            'title': 'Garakowa -Restore the World-',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/de/watch/GY2P1Q98Y',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://beta.crunchyroll.com/pt-br/watch/G8WUN8VKP/the-ruler-of-conspiracy',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    # We want to support lazy playlist filtering and movie listings cannot be inside a playlist
+    _RETURN_TYPE = 'video'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        lang, internal_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
+
+        # We need to use unsigned API call to allow ratings query string
+        response = traverse_obj(self._call_api(
+            f'objects/{internal_id}', internal_id, lang, 'object info', {'ratings': 'true'}), ('data', 0, {dict}))
+        if not response:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'No video with id {internal_id} could be found (possibly region locked?)', expected=True)
+
+        object_type = response.get('type')
+        if object_type == 'episode':
+            result = self._transform_episode_response(response)
+
+        elif object_type == 'movie':
+            result = self._transform_movie_response(response)
+
+        elif object_type == 'movie_listing':
+            first_movie_id = traverse_obj(response, ('movie_listing_metadata', 'first_movie_id'))
+            if not self._yes_playlist(internal_id, first_movie_id):
+                return self.url_result(f'{self._BASE_URL}/{lang}watch/{first_movie_id}', CrunchyrollBetaIE, first_movie_id)
+
+            def entries():
+                movies = self._call_api(f'movie_listings/{internal_id}/movies', internal_id, lang, 'movie list')
+                for movie_response in traverse_obj(movies, ('data', ...)):
+                    yield self.url_result(
+                        f'{self._BASE_URL}/{lang}watch/{movie_response["id"]}',
+                        CrunchyrollBetaIE, **self._transform_movie_response(movie_response))
+
+            return self.playlist_result(entries(), **self._transform_movie_response(response))
+
+        else:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unknown object type {object_type}')
+
+        # There might be multiple audio languages for one object (`<object>_metadata.versions`),
+        # so we need to get the id from `streams_link` instead or we dont know which language to choose
+        streams_link = response.get('streams_link')
+        if not streams_link and traverse_obj(response, (f'{object_type}_metadata', 'is_premium_only')):
+            message = f'This {object_type} is for premium members only'
+            if self.is_logged_in:
+                raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
+            self.raise_login_required(message)
+
+        # We need go from unsigned to signed api to avoid getting soft banned
+        stream_response = self._call_cms_api_signed(remove_start(
+            streams_link, '/content/v2/cms/'), internal_id, lang, 'stream info')
+        result['formats'] = self._extract_formats(stream_response, internal_id)
+        result['subtitles'] = self._extract_subtitles(stream_response)
+
         # if no intro chapter is available, a 403 without usable data is returned
-        intro_chapter = self._download_json(f'https://static.crunchyroll.com/datalab-intro-v2/{internal_id}.json',
-                                            display_id, fatal=False, errnote=False)
+        intro_chapter = self._download_json(
+            f'https://static.crunchyroll.com/datalab-intro-v2/{internal_id}.json',
+            internal_id, note='Downloading chapter info', fatal=False, errnote=False)
         if isinstance(intro_chapter, dict):
-            chapters = [{
+            result['chapters'] = [{
                 'title': 'Intro',
                 'start_time': float_or_none(intro_chapter.get('startTime')),
-                'end_time': float_or_none(intro_chapter.get('endTime'))
+                'end_time': float_or_none(intro_chapter.get('endTime')),
             }]
 
+        def calculate_count(item):
+            return parse_count(''.join((item['displayed'], item.get('unit') or '')))
+
+        result.update(traverse_obj(response, ('rating', {
+            'like_count': ('up', {calculate_count}),
+            'dislike_count': ('down', {calculate_count}),
+        })))
+
+        return result
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _transform_episode_response(data):
+        metadata = traverse_obj(data, (('episode_metadata', None), {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
         return {
-            'id': internal_id,
-            'title': '%s Episode %s – %s' % (
-                episode_response.get('season_title'), episode_response.get('episode'), episode_response.get('title')),
-            'description': try_get(episode_response, lambda x: x['description'].replace(r'\r\n', '\n')),
-            'duration': float_or_none(episode_response.get('duration_ms'), 1000),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(episode_response.get('upload_date')),
-            'series': episode_response.get('series_title'),
-            'series_id': episode_response.get('series_id'),
-            'season': episode_response.get('season_title'),
-            'season_id': episode_response.get('season_id'),
-            'season_number': episode_response.get('season_number'),
-            'episode': episode_response.get('title'),
-            'episode_number': episode_response.get('sequence_number'),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnails': [{
-                'url': thumb.get('source'),
-                'width': thumb.get('width'),
-                'height': thumb.get('height'),
-            } for thumb in traverse_obj(episode_response, ('images', 'thumbnail', ..., ...)) or []],
-            'subtitles': {
-                lang: [{
-                    'url': subtitle_data.get('url'),
-                    'ext': subtitle_data.get('format')
-                }] for lang, subtitle_data in get_streams('subtitles')
-            },
-            'chapters': chapters
+            'id': data['id'],
+            'title': ' \u2013 '.join((
+                ('%s%s' % (
+                    format_field(metadata, 'season_title'),
+                    format_field(metadata, 'episode', ' Episode %s'))),
+                format_field(data, 'title'))),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'episode': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}, {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n')}),
+                'thumbnails': ('images', 'thumbnail', ..., ..., {
+                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'duration': ('duration_ms', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('upload_date', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'series': ('series_title', {str}),
+                'series_id': ('series_id', {str}),
+                'season': ('season_title', {str}),
+                'season_id': ('season_id', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('season_number', ({int}, {float_or_none})),
+                'episode_number': ('sequence_number', ({int}, {float_or_none})),
+                'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
+                'language': ('audio_locale', {str}),
+            }, get_all=False),
+        }
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _transform_movie_response(data):
+        metadata = traverse_obj(data, (('movie_metadata', 'movie_listing_metadata', None), {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
+        return {
+            'id': data['id'],
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}, {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n')}),
+                'thumbnails': ('images', 'thumbnail', ..., ..., {
+                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'duration': ('duration_ms', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
+            }),
         }
 
 
-class CrunchyrollBetaShowIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
+class CrunchyrollBetaShowIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll:playlist'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        https?://(?:beta|www)\.crunchyroll\.com/
+        https?://(?:beta\.|www\.)?crunchyroll\.com/
         (?P<lang>(?:\w{2}(?:-\w{2})?/)?)
-        series/(?P<id>\w+)
-        (?:/(?P<display_id>[\w-]+))?/?(?:[?#]|$)'''
+        series/(?P<id>\w+)'''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/series/GY19NQ2QR/Girl-Friend-BETA',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'GY19NQ2QR',
             'title': 'Girl Friend BETA',
+            'description': 'md5:99c1b22ee30a74b536a8277ced8eb750',
+            # XXX: `thumbnail` does not get set from `thumbnails` in playlist
+            #  'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
+            'age_limit': 14,
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 10,
     }, {
@@ -279,41 +472,179 @@ class CrunchyrollBetaShowIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        lang, internal_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id', 'display_id')
-        api_domain, bucket, params = self._get_params(lang)
-
-        series_response = self._download_json(
-            f'{api_domain}/cms/v2{bucket}/series/{internal_id}', display_id,
-            note='Retrieving series metadata', query=params)
-
-        seasons_response = self._download_json(
-            f'{api_domain}/cms/v2{bucket}/seasons?series_id={internal_id}', display_id,
-            note='Retrieving season list', query=params)
+        lang, internal_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
 
         def entries():
-            for season in seasons_response['items']:
-                episodes_response = self._download_json(
-                    f'{api_domain}/cms/v2{bucket}/episodes?season_id={season["id"]}', display_id,
-                    note=f'Retrieving episode list for {season.get("slug_title")}', query=params)
-                for episode in episodes_response['items']:
-                    episode_id = episode['id']
-                    episode_display_id = episode['slug_title']
-                    yield {
-                        '_type': 'url',
-                        'url': f'https://www.crunchyroll.com/{lang}watch/{episode_id}/{episode_display_id}',
-                        'ie_key': CrunchyrollBetaIE.ie_key(),
-                        'id': episode_id,
-                        'title': '%s Episode %s – %s' % (episode.get('season_title'), episode.get('episode'), episode.get('title')),
-                        'description': try_get(episode, lambda x: x['description'].replace(r'\r\n', '\n')),
-                        'duration': float_or_none(episode.get('duration_ms'), 1000),
-                        'series': episode.get('series_title'),
-                        'series_id': episode.get('series_id'),
-                        'season': episode.get('season_title'),
-                        'season_id': episode.get('season_id'),
-                        'season_number': episode.get('season_number'),
-                        'episode': episode.get('title'),
-                        'episode_number': episode.get('sequence_number'),
-                        'language': episode.get('audio_locale'),
-                    }
+            seasons_response = self._call_cms_api_signed(f'seasons?series_id={internal_id}', internal_id, lang, 'seasons')
+            for season in traverse_obj(seasons_response, ('items', ..., {dict})):
+                episodes_response = self._call_cms_api_signed(
+                    f'episodes?season_id={season["id"]}', season["id"], lang, 'episode list')
+                for episode_response in traverse_obj(episodes_response, ('items', ..., {dict})):
+                    yield self.url_result(
+                        f'{self._BASE_URL}/{lang}watch/{episode_response["id"]}',
+                        CrunchyrollBetaIE, **CrunchyrollBetaIE._transform_episode_response(episode_response))
 
-        return self.playlist_result(entries(), internal_id, series_response.get('title'))
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            entries(), internal_id,
+            **traverse_obj(self._call_api(f'series/{internal_id}', internal_id, lang, 'series'), ('data', 0, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n')}),
+                'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
+                'thumbnails': ('images', ..., ..., ..., {
+                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                })
+            })))
+
+
+class CrunchyrollMusicIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll:music'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:www\.)?crunchyroll\.com/
+        (?P<lang>(?:\w{2}(?:-\w{2})?/)?)
+        watch/(?P<type>concert|musicvideo)/(?P<id>\w+)'''
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/de/watch/musicvideo/MV5B02C79',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'id': 'MV5B02C79',
+            'display_id': 'egaono-hana',
+            'title': 'Egaono Hana',
+            'track': 'Egaono Hana',
+            'artist': 'Goose house',
+            'thumbnail': r're:(?i)^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
+            'genre': ['J-Pop'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/musicvideo/MV88BB7F2C',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'id': 'MV88BB7F2C',
+            'display_id': 'crossing-field',
+            'title': 'Crossing Field',
+            'track': 'Crossing Field',
+            'artist': 'LiSA',
+            'thumbnail': r're:(?i)^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
+            'genre': ['Anime'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/concert/MC2E2AC135',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'id': 'MC2E2AC135',
+            'display_id': 'live-is-smile-always-364joker-at-yokohama-arena',
+            'title': 'LiVE is Smile Always-364+JOKER- at YOKOHAMA ARENA',
+            'track': 'LiVE is Smile Always-364+JOKER- at YOKOHAMA ARENA',
+            'artist': 'LiSA',
+            'thumbnail': r're:(?i)^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
+            'description': 'md5:747444e7e6300907b7a43f0a0503072e',
+            'genre': ['J-Pop'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/de/watch/musicvideo/MV5B02C79/egaono-hana',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/concert/MC2E2AC135/live-is-smile-always-364joker-at-yokohama-arena',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/musicvideo/MV88BB7F2C/crossing-field',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _API_ENDPOINT = 'music'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        lang, internal_id, object_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id', 'type')
+        path, name = {
+            'concert': ('concerts', 'concert info'),
+            'musicvideo': ('music_videos', 'music video info'),
+        }[object_type]
+        response = traverse_obj(self._call_api(f'{path}/{internal_id}', internal_id, lang, name), ('data', 0, {dict}))
+        if not response:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'No video with id {internal_id} could be found (possibly region locked?)', expected=True)
+
+        streams_link = response.get('streams_link')
+        if not streams_link and response.get('isPremiumOnly'):
+            message = f'This {response.get("type") or "media"} is for premium members only'
+            if self.is_logged_in:
+                raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
+            self.raise_login_required(message)
+
+        result = self._transform_music_response(response)
+        stream_response = self._call_api(streams_link, internal_id, lang, 'stream info')
+        result['formats'] = self._extract_formats(stream_response, internal_id)
+
+        return result
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _transform_music_response(data):
+        return {
+            'id': data['id'],
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'display_id': 'slug',
+                'title': 'title',
+                'track': 'title',
+                'artist': ('artist', 'name'),
+                'description': ('description', {str}, {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n') or None}),
+                'thumbnails': ('images', ..., ..., {
+                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+                'genre': ('genres', ..., 'displayValue'),
+                'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class CrunchyrollArtistIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll:artist'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:www\.)?crunchyroll\.com/
+        (?P<lang>(?:\w{2}(?:-\w{2})?/)?)
+        artist/(?P<id>\w{10})'''
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/artist/MA179CB50D',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'MA179CB50D',
+            'title': 'LiSA',
+            'genre': ['J-Pop', 'Anime', 'Rock'],
+            'description': 'md5:16d87de61a55c3f7d6c454b73285938e',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 83,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/artist/MA179CB50D/lisa',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _API_ENDPOINT = 'music'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        lang, internal_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
+        response = traverse_obj(self._call_api(
+            f'artists/{internal_id}', internal_id, lang, 'artist info'), ('data', 0))
+
+        def entries():
+            for attribute, path in [('concerts', 'concert'), ('videos', 'musicvideo')]:
+                for internal_id in traverse_obj(response, (attribute, ...)):
+                    yield self.url_result(f'{self._BASE_URL}/watch/{path}/{internal_id}', CrunchyrollMusicIE, internal_id)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(), **self._transform_artist_response(response))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _transform_artist_response(data):
+        return {
+            'id': data['id'],
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': 'name',
+                'description': ('description', {str}, {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n')}),
+                'thumbnails': ('images', ..., ..., {
+                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+                'genre': ('genres', ..., 'displayValue'),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
index 2fb22800f..9c8509f1f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 import time
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    int_or_none,
-    HEADRequest,
-)
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import int_or_none
 
 
 class CultureUnpluggedIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cybrary.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cybrary.py
index 73f2439b3..aeffe93b4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cybrary.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cybrary.py
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ def _get_vimeo_id(self, activity_id):
 
 
 class CybraryIE(CybraryBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://app.cybrary.it/immersive/(?P<enrollment>[0-9]+)/activity/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://app\.cybrary\.it/immersive/(?P<enrollment>[0-9]+)/activity/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://app.cybrary.it/immersive/12487950/activity/63102',
         'md5': '9ae12d37e555cb2ed554223a71a701d0',
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class CybraryCourseIE(CybraryBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https://app.cybrary.it/browse/course/(?P<id>[\w-]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://app\.cybrary\.it/browse/course/(?P<id>[\w-]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://app.cybrary.it/browse/course/az-500-microsoft-azure-security-technologies',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4e81aa4a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+import hashlib
+import re
+import time
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    classproperty,
+    float_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class DacastBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _URL_TYPE = None
+
+    @classproperty
+    def _VALID_URL(cls):
+        return fr'https?://iframe\.dacast\.com/{cls._URL_TYPE}/(?P<user_id>[\w-]+)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+
+    @classproperty
+    def _EMBED_REGEX(cls):
+        return [rf'<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=["\'](?P<url>{cls._VALID_URL})']
+
+    _API_INFO_URL = 'https://playback.dacast.com/content/info'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _get_url_from_id(cls, content_id):
+        user_id, media_id = content_id.split(f'-{cls._URL_TYPE}-')
+        return f'https://iframe.dacast.com/{cls._URL_TYPE}/{user_id}/{media_id}'
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
+        yield from super()._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage)
+        for content_id in re.findall(
+                rf'<script[^>]+\bsrc=["\']https://player\.dacast\.com/js/player\.js\?contentId=([\w-]+-{cls._URL_TYPE}-[\w-]+)["\']', webpage):
+            yield cls._get_url_from_id(content_id)
+
+
+class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
+    _URL_TYPE = 'vod'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://iframe.dacast.com/vod/acae82153ef4d7a7344ae4eaa86af534/1c6143e3-5a06-371d-8695-19b96ea49090',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1c6143e3-5a06-371d-8695-19b96ea49090',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader_id': 'acae82153ef4d7a7344ae4eaa86af534',
+            'title': '2_4||Adnexal mass characterisation: O-RADS US and MRI||N. Bharwani, London/UK',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://universe-files.dacast.com/26137208-5858-65c1-5e9a-9d6b6bd2b6c2',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.dacast.com/support/knowledgebase/how-can-i-embed-a-video-on-my-website/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'b6674869-f08a-23c5-1d7b-81f5309e1a90',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '4-HowToEmbedVideo.mp4',
+            'uploader_id': '3b67c4a9-3886-4eb1-d0eb-39b23b14bef3',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://universe-files.dacast.com/d26ab48f-a52a-8783-c42e-a90290ba06b6.png',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://gist.githubusercontent.com/bashonly/4ad249ef2910346fbdf3809b220f11ee/raw/87349778d4af1a80b1fcc3beb9c88108de5858f5/dacast_embeds.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e7df418e-a83b-7a7f-7b5e-1a667981e8fa',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Evening Service 2-5-23',
+            'uploader_id': '943bb1ab3c03695ba85330d92d6d226e',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://universe-files.dacast.com/337472b3-e92c-2ea4-7eb7-5700da477f67',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
+        query = {'contentId': f'{user_id}-vod-{video_id}', 'provider': 'universe'}
+        info = self._download_json(self._API_INFO_URL, video_id, query=query, fatal=False)
+        access = self._download_json(
+            'https://playback.dacast.com/content/access', video_id,
+            note='Downloading access JSON', query=query, expected_status=403)
+
+        error = access.get('error')
+        if error in ('Broadcaster has been blocked', 'Content is offline'):
+            raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
+        elif error:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Dacast API says "{error}"')
+
+        hls_url = access['hls']
+        hls_aes = {}
+
+        if 'DRM_EXT' in hls_url:
+            self.report_drm(video_id)
+        elif '/uspaes/' in hls_url:
+            # From https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js
+            ts = int(time.time())
+            signature = hashlib.sha1(
+                f'{10413792000 - ts}{ts}YfaKtquEEpDeusCKbvYszIEZnWmBcSvw').digest().hex()
+            hls_aes['uri'] = f'https://keys.dacast.com/uspaes/{video_id}.key?s={signature}&ts={ts}'
+
+        for retry in self.RetryManager():
+            try:
+                formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                # CDN will randomly respond with 403
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                    retry.error = e
+                    continue
+                raise
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'uploader_id': user_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'hls_aes': hls_aes or None,
+            **traverse_obj(info, ('contentInfo', {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
+        }
+
+
+class DacastPlaylistIE(DacastBaseIE):
+    _URL_TYPE = 'playlist'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://iframe.dacast.com/playlist/943bb1ab3c03695ba85330d92d6d226e/b632eb053cac17a9c9a02bcfc827f2d8',
+        'playlist_mincount': 28,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'b632eb053cac17a9c9a02bcfc827f2d8',
+            'title': 'Archive Sermons',
+        },
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://gist.githubusercontent.com/bashonly/7efb606f49f3c6e07ea0327de5a661d1/raw/05a16eac830245ea301fb0a585023bec71e6093c/dacast_playlist_embed.html',
+        'playlist_mincount': 28,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'b632eb053cac17a9c9a02bcfc827f2d8',
+            'title': 'Archive Sermons',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        user_id, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
+        info = self._download_json(
+            self._API_INFO_URL, playlist_id, note='Downloading playlist JSON', query={
+                'contentId': f'{user_id}-playlist-{playlist_id}',
+                'provider': 'universe',
+            })['contentInfo']
+
+        def entries(info):
+            for video in traverse_obj(info, ('features', 'playlist', 'contents', lambda _, v: v['id'])):
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    DacastVODIE._get_url_from_id(video['id']), DacastVODIE, video['id'], video.get('title'))
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(info), playlist_id, info.get('title'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/daftsex.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/daftsex.py
index 551d5e3ab..92510c767 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/daftsex.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/daftsex.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_b64decode
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
     parse_count,
@@ -12,21 +13,24 @@
 
 
 class DaftsexIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?daftsex\.com/watch/(?P<id>-?\d+_\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?daft\.sex/watch/(?P<id>-?\d+_\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://daftsex.com/watch/-35370899_456246186',
-        'md5': 'd95135e6cea2d905bea20dbe82cda64a',
+        'url': 'https://daft.sex/watch/-35370899_456246186',
+        'md5': '64c04ef7b4c7b04b308f3b0c78efe7cd',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '-35370899_456246186',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'just relaxing',
-            'description': 'just relaxing - Watch video Watch video in high quality',
+            'description': 'just relaxing – Watch video Watch video in high quality',
             'upload_date': '20201113',
             'timestamp': 1605261911,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://[^/]+/impf/-43BuMDIawmBGr3GLcZ93CYwWf2PBv_tVWoS1A/dnu41DnARU4\.jpg\?size=800x450&quality=96&keep_aspect_ratio=1&background=000000&sign=6af2c26ff4a45e55334189301c867384&type=video_thumb',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'duration': 15.0,
+            'view_count': int
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://daftsex.com/watch/-156601359_456242791',
+        'url': 'https://daft.sex/watch/-156601359_456242791',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '-156601359_456242791',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -36,6 +40,7 @@ class DaftsexIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1600250735,
             'thumbnail': 'https://psv153-1.crazycloud.ru/videos/-156601359/456242791/thumb.jpg?extra=i3D32KaBbBFf9TqDRMAVmQ',
         },
+        'skip': 'deleted / private'
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -60,7 +65,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             webpage, 'player color', fatal=False) or ''
 
         embed_page = self._download_webpage(
-            'https://daxab.com/player/%s?color=%s' % (player_hash, player_color),
+            'https://dxb.to/player/%s?color=%s' % (player_hash, player_color),
             video_id, headers={'Referer': url})
         video_params = self._parse_json(
             self._search_regex(
@@ -94,15 +99,19 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'age_limit': 18,
             }
 
-        item = self._download_json(
+        items = self._download_json(
             f'{server_domain}/method/video.get/{video_id}', video_id,
             headers={'Referer': url}, query={
                 'token': video_params['video']['access_token'],
                 'videos': video_id,
                 'ckey': video_params['c_key'],
                 'credentials': video_params['video']['credentials'],
-            })['response']['items'][0]
+            })['response']['items']
 
+        if not items:
+            raise ExtractorError('Video is not available', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
+
+        item = items[0]
         formats = []
         for f_id, f_url in item.get('files', {}).items():
             if f_id == 'external':
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
index 2a44718fb..21263d41b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     OnDemandPagedList,
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ def _call_api(self, object_type, xid, object_fields, note, filter_extra=None):
                         None, 'Downloading Access Token',
                         data=urlencode_postdata(data))['access_token']
                 except ExtractorError as e:
-                    if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 400:
+                    if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
                         raise ExtractorError(self._parse_json(
-                            e.cause.read().decode(), xid)['error_description'], expected=True)
+                            e.cause.response.read().decode(), xid)['error_description'], expected=True)
                     raise
                 self._set_dailymotion_cookie('access_token' if username else 'client_token', token)
             self._HEADERS['Authorization'] = 'Bearer ' + token
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
index 3461e36eb..c11cd790b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'DigitalConcertHall extractor'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?digitalconcerthall\.com/(?P<language>[a-z]+)/concert/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?digitalconcerthall\.com/(?P<language>[a-z]+)/(?P<type>film|concert)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
     _OAUTH_URL = 'https://api.digitalconcerthall.com/v2/oauth2/token'
     _ACCESS_TOKEN = None
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'digitalconcerthall'
@@ -40,6 +40,19 @@ class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
         'playlist_count': 3,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com/en/film/388',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '388',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Berliner Philharmoniker and Frank Peter Zimmermann',
+            'description': 'md5:cfe25a7044fa4be13743e5089b5b5eb2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://images.digitalconcerthall.com/cms/thumbnails.*\.jpg$',
+            'upload_date': '20220714',
+            'timestamp': 1657785600,
+            'album_artist': 'Frank Peter Zimmermann / Benedikt von Bernstorff / Jakob von Bernstorff',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
@@ -75,7 +88,7 @@ def _real_initialize(self):
         if not self._ACCESS_TOKEN:
             self.raise_login_required(method='password')
 
-    def _entries(self, items, language, **kwargs):
+    def _entries(self, items, language, type_, **kwargs):
         for item in items:
             video_id = item['id']
             stream_info = self._download_json(
@@ -103,11 +116,11 @@ def _entries(self, items, language, **kwargs):
                     'start_time': chapter.get('time'),
                     'end_time': try_get(chapter, lambda x: x['time'] + x['duration']),
                     'title': chapter.get('text'),
-                } for chapter in item['cuepoints']] if item.get('cuepoints') else None,
+                } for chapter in item['cuepoints']] if item.get('cuepoints') and type_ == 'concert' else None,
             }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        language, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('language', 'id')
+        language, type_, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('language', 'type', 'id')
         if not language:
             language = 'en'
 
@@ -120,18 +133,18 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }]
 
         vid_info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://api.digitalconcerthall.com/v2/concert/{video_id}', video_id, headers={
+            f'https://api.digitalconcerthall.com/v2/{type_}/{video_id}', video_id, headers={
                 'Accept': 'application/json',
                 'Accept-Language': language
             })
         album_artist = ' / '.join(traverse_obj(vid_info, ('_links', 'artist', ..., 'name')) or '')
+        videos = [vid_info] if type_ == 'film' else traverse_obj(vid_info, ('_embedded', ..., ...))
 
         return {
             '_type': 'playlist',
             'id': video_id,
             'title': vid_info.get('title'),
-            'entries': self._entries(traverse_obj(vid_info, ('_embedded', ..., ...)), language,
-                                     thumbnails=thumbnails, album_artist=album_artist),
+            'entries': self._entries(videos, language, thumbnails=thumbnails, album_artist=album_artist, type_=type_),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'album_artist': album_artist,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/discogs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/discogs.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..048c62288
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/discogs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .youtube import YoutubeIE
+from ..utils import traverse_obj
+
+
+class DiscogsReleasePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?discogs\.com/(?P<type>release|master)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.discogs.com/release/1-The-Persuader-Stockholm',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'release1',
+            'title': 'Stockholm',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 7,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.discogs.com/master/113-Vince-Watson-Moments-In-Time',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'master113',
+            'title': 'Moments In Time',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 53,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id, playlist_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'type')
+
+        display_id = f'{playlist_type}{playlist_id}'
+        response = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.discogs.com/{playlist_type}s/{playlist_id}', display_id)
+
+        entries = [
+            self.url_result(video['uri'], YoutubeIE, video_title=video.get('title'))
+            for video in traverse_obj(response, ('videos', lambda _, v: YoutubeIE.suitable(v['uri'])))]
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id, response.get('title'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/discovery.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/discovery.py
index e6e109d5c..75b464353 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/discovery.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/discovery.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 from .discoverygo import DiscoveryGoBaseIE
 from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import ExtractorError
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
 
 
 class DiscoveryIE(DiscoveryGoBaseIE):
@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 self._API_BASE_URL + 'streaming/video/' + video_id,
                 display_id, 'Downloading streaming JSON metadata', headers=headers)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (401, 403):
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status in (401, 403):
                 e_description = self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(), display_id)['description']
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode(), display_id)['description']
                 if 'resource not available for country' in e_description:
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
                 if 'Authorized Networks' in e_description:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dlf.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dlf.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..88a4149b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dlf.py
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    extract_attributes,
+    int_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class DLFBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https?://(?:www\.)?deutschlandfunk\.de/'
+    _BUTTON_REGEX = r'(<button[^>]+alt="Anhören"[^>]+data-audio-diraid[^>]*>)'
+
+    def _parse_button_attrs(self, button, audio_id=None):
+        attrs = extract_attributes(button)
+        audio_id = audio_id or attrs['data-audio-diraid']
+
+        url = traverse_obj(
+            attrs, 'data-audio-download-src', 'data-audio', 'data-audioreference',
+            'data-audio-src', expected_type=url_or_none)
+        ext = determine_ext(url)
+
+        return {
+            'id': audio_id,
+            'extractor_key': DLFIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': DLFIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(attrs, {
+                'title': (('data-audiotitle', 'data-audio-title', 'data-audio-download-tracking-title'), {str}),
+                'duration': (('data-audioduration', 'data-audio-duration'), {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('data-audioimage', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': 'data-audio-producer',
+                'series': 'data-audio-series',
+                'channel': 'data-audio-origin-site-name',
+                'webpage_url': ('data-audio-download-tracking-path', {url_or_none}),
+            }, get_all=False),
+            'formats': (self._extract_m3u8_formats(url, audio_id, fatal=False)
+                        if ext == 'm3u8' else [{'url': url, 'ext': ext, 'vcodec': 'none'}])
+        }
+
+
+class DLFIE(DLFBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'dlf'
+    _VALID_URL = DLFBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + r'[\w-]+-dlf-(?P<id>[\da-f]{8})-100\.html'
+    _TESTS = [
+        # Audio as an HLS stream
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/tanz-der-saiteninstrumente-das-wild-strings-trio-aus-slowenien-dlf-03a3eb19-100.html',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '03a3eb19',
+                'title': r're:Tanz der Saiteninstrumente [-/] Das Wild Strings Trio aus Slowenien',
+                'ext': 'm4a',
+                'duration': 3298,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://assets.deutschlandfunk.de/FALLBACK-IMAGE-AUDIO/512x512.png?t=1603714364673',
+                'uploader': 'Deutschlandfunk',
+                'series': 'On Stage',
+                'channel': 'deutschlandfunk'
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'm3u8'
+            },
+            'skip': 'This webpage no longer exists'
+        }, {
+            'url': 'https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/russische-athleten-kehren-zurueck-auf-die-sportbuehne-ein-gefaehrlicher-tueroeffner-dlf-d9cc1856-100.html',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'd9cc1856',
+                'title': 'Russische Athleten kehren zurück auf die Sportbühne: Ein gefährlicher Türöffner',
+                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'duration': 291,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://assets.deutschlandfunk.de/FALLBACK-IMAGE-AUDIO/512x512.png?t=1603714364673',
+                'uploader': 'Deutschlandfunk',
+                'series': 'Kommentare und Themen der Woche',
+                'channel': 'deutschlandfunk'
+            }
+        },
+    ]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        audio_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, audio_id)
+
+        return self._parse_button_attrs(
+            self._search_regex(self._BUTTON_REGEX, webpage, 'button'), audio_id)
+
+
+class DLFCorpusIE(DLFBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'dlf:corpus'
+    IE_DESC = 'DLF Multi-feed Archives'
+    _VALID_URL = DLFBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + r'(?P<id>(?![\w-]+-dlf-[\da-f]{8})[\w-]+-\d+)\.html'
+    _TESTS = [
+        # Recorded news broadcast with referrals to related broadcasts
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/fechten-russland-belarus-ukraine-protest-100.html',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'fechten-russland-belarus-ukraine-protest-100',
+                'title': r're:Wiederzulassung als neutrale Athleten [-/] Was die Rückkehr russischer und belarussischer Sportler beim Fechten bedeutet',
+                'description': 'md5:91340aab29c71aa7518ad5be13d1e8ad'
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 5,
+            'playlist': [{
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '1fc5d64a',
+                    'title': r're:Wiederzulassung als neutrale Athleten [-/] Was die Rückkehr russischer und belarussischer Sportler beim Fechten bedeutet',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'duration': 252,
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://assets.deutschlandfunk.de/aad16241-6b76-4a09-958b-96d0ee1d6f57/512x512.jpg?t=1679480020313',
+                    'uploader': 'Deutschlandfunk',
+                    'series': 'Sport',
+                    'channel': 'deutschlandfunk'
+                }
+            }, {
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '2ada145f',
+                    'title': r're:(?:Sportpolitik / )?Fechtverband votiert für Rückkehr russischer Athleten',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'duration': 336,
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://assets.deutschlandfunk.de/FILE_93982766f7317df30409b8a184ac044a/512x512.jpg?t=1678547581005',
+                    'uploader': 'Deutschlandfunk',
+                    'series': 'Deutschlandfunk Nova',
+                    'channel': 'deutschlandfunk-nova'
+                }
+            }, {
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '5e55e8c9',
+                    'title': r're:Wiederzulassung von Russland und Belarus [-/] "Herumlavieren" des Fechter-Bundes sorgt für Unverständnis',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'duration': 187,
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://assets.deutschlandfunk.de/a595989d-1ed1-4a2e-8370-b64d7f11d757/512x512.jpg?t=1679173825412',
+                    'uploader': 'Deutschlandfunk',
+                    'series': 'Sport am Samstag',
+                    'channel': 'deutschlandfunk'
+                }
+            }, {
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '47e1a096',
+                    'title': r're:Rückkehr Russlands im Fechten [-/] "Fassungslos, dass es einfach so passiert ist"',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'duration': 602,
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://assets.deutschlandfunk.de/da4c494a-21cc-48b4-9cc7-40e09fd442c2/512x512.jpg?t=1678562155770',
+                    'uploader': 'Deutschlandfunk',
+                    'series': 'Sport am Samstag',
+                    'channel': 'deutschlandfunk'
+                }
+            }, {
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '5e55e8c9',
+                    'title': r're:Wiederzulassung von Russland und Belarus [-/] "Herumlavieren" des Fechter-Bundes sorgt für Unverständnis',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'duration': 187,
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://assets.deutschlandfunk.de/a595989d-1ed1-4a2e-8370-b64d7f11d757/512x512.jpg?t=1679173825412',
+                    'uploader': 'Deutschlandfunk',
+                    'series': 'Sport am Samstag',
+                    'channel': 'deutschlandfunk'
+                }
+            }]
+        },
+        # Podcast feed with tag buttons, playlist count fluctuates
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/kommentare-und-themen-der-woche-100.html',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'kommentare-und-themen-der-woche-100',
+                'title': 'Meinung - Kommentare und Themen der Woche',
+                'description': 'md5:2901bbd65cd2d45e116d399a099ce5d5',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 10,
+        },
+        # Podcast feed with no description
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/podcast-tolle-idee-100.html',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'podcast-tolle-idee-100',
+                'title': 'Wissenschaftspodcast - Tolle Idee! - Was wurde daraus?',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 11,
+        },
+    ]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': playlist_id,
+            'description': self._html_search_meta(
+                ['description', 'og:description', 'twitter:description'], webpage, default=None),
+            'title': self._html_search_meta(
+                ['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage, default=None),
+            'entries': map(self._parse_button_attrs, re.findall(self._BUTTON_REGEX, webpage)),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/douyutv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/douyutv.py
index fa40844df..ee8893d5a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/douyutv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/douyutv.py
@@ -1,31 +1,72 @@
 import time
 import hashlib
-import re
 import urllib
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .openload import PhantomJSwrapper
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    UserNotLive,
+    determine_ext,
+    int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    parse_resolution,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
     unescapeHTML,
-    unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
 )
 
 
-class DouyuTVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = '斗鱼'
+class DouyuBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _download_cryptojs_md5(self, video_id):
+        for url in [
+            'https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/crypto-js/3.1.2/rollups/md5.js',
+            'https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/crypto-js/3.1.2/rollups/md5.js',
+        ]:
+            js_code = self._download_webpage(
+                url, video_id, note='Downloading signing dependency', fatal=False)
+            if js_code:
+                self.cache.store('douyu', 'crypto-js-md5', js_code)
+                return js_code
+        raise ExtractorError('Unable to download JS dependency (crypto-js/md5)')
+
+    def _get_cryptojs_md5(self, video_id):
+        return self.cache.load('douyu', 'crypto-js-md5') or self._download_cryptojs_md5(video_id)
+
+    def _calc_sign(self, sign_func, video_id, a):
+        b = uuid.uuid4().hex
+        c = round(time.time())
+        js_script = f'{self._get_cryptojs_md5(video_id)};{sign_func};console.log(ub98484234("{a}","{b}","{c}"))'
+        phantom = PhantomJSwrapper(self)
+        result = phantom.execute(js_script, video_id,
+                                 note='Executing JS signing script').strip()
+        return {i: v[0] for i, v in urllib.parse.parse_qs(result).items()}
+
+    def _search_js_sign_func(self, webpage, fatal=True):
+        # The greedy look-behind ensures last possible script tag is matched
+        return self._search_regex(
+            r'(?:<script.*)?<script[^>]*>(.*?ub98484234.*?)</script>', webpage, 'JS sign func', fatal=fatal)
+
+
+class DouyuTVIE(DouyuBaseIE):
+    IE_DESC = '斗鱼直播'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?douyu(?:tv)?\.com/(topic/\w+\?rid=|(?:[^/]+/))*(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.douyutv.com/iseven',
+        'url': 'https://www.douyu.com/pigff',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '17732',
-            'display_id': 'iseven',
-            'ext': 'flv',
-            'title': 're:^清晨醒脑！根本停不下来！ [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2} [0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}$',
-            'description': r're:.*m7show@163\.com.*',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.png',
-            'uploader': '7师傅',
+            'id': '24422',
+            'display_id': 'pigff',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 're:^【PIGFF】.* [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2} [0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}$',
+            'description': r'≥15级牌子看鱼吧置顶帖进粉丝vx群',
+            'thumbnail': str,
+            'uploader': 'pigff',
             'is_live': True,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -85,15 +126,43 @@ class DouyuTVIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    def _get_sign_func(self, room_id, video_id):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.douyu.com/swf_api/homeH5Enc?rids={room_id}', video_id,
+            note='Getting signing script')['data'][f'room{room_id}']
+
+    def _extract_stream_formats(self, stream_formats):
+        formats = []
+        for stream_info in traverse_obj(stream_formats, (..., 'data')):
+            stream_url = urljoin(
+                traverse_obj(stream_info, 'rtmp_url'), traverse_obj(stream_info, 'rtmp_live'))
+            if stream_url:
+                rate_id = traverse_obj(stream_info, ('rate', {int_or_none}))
+                rate_info = traverse_obj(stream_info, ('multirates', lambda _, v: v['rate'] == rate_id), get_all=False)
+                ext = determine_ext(stream_url)
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': stream_url,
+                    'format_id': str_or_none(rate_id),
+                    'ext': 'mp4' if ext == 'm3u8' else ext,
+                    'protocol': 'm3u8_native' if ext == 'm3u8' else 'https',
+                    'quality': rate_id % -10000 if rate_id is not None else None,
+                    **traverse_obj(rate_info, {
+                        'format': ('name', {str_or_none}),
+                        'tbr': ('bit', {int_or_none}),
+                    }),
+                })
+        return formats
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        if video_id.isdigit():
-            room_id = video_id
-        else:
-            page = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-            room_id = self._html_search_regex(
-                r'"room_id\\?"\s*:\s*(\d+),', page, 'room id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        room_id = self._search_regex(r'\$ROOM\.room_id\s*=\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'room id')
+
+        if self._search_regex(r'"videoLoop"\s*:\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'loop', default='') == '1':
+            raise UserNotLive('The channel is auto-playing VODs', video_id=video_id)
+        if self._search_regex(r'\$ROOM\.show_status\s*=\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'status', default='') == '2':
+            raise UserNotLive(video_id=video_id)
 
         # Grab metadata from API
         params = {
@@ -102,110 +171,136 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'time': int(time.time()),
         }
         params['auth'] = hashlib.md5(
-            f'room/{video_id}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(params)}zNzMV1y4EMxOHS6I5WKm'.encode()).hexdigest()
-        room = self._download_json(
+            f'room/{room_id}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(params)}zNzMV1y4EMxOHS6I5WKm'.encode()).hexdigest()
+        room = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
             f'http://www.douyutv.com/api/v1/room/{room_id}', video_id,
-            note='Downloading room info', query=params)['data']
+            note='Downloading room info', query=params, fatal=False), 'data')
 
         # 1 = live, 2 = offline
-        if room.get('show_status') == '2':
-            raise ExtractorError('Live stream is offline', expected=True)
+        if traverse_obj(room, 'show_status') == '2':
+            raise UserNotLive(video_id=video_id)
 
-        video_url = urljoin('https://hls3-akm.douyucdn.cn/', self._search_regex(r'(live/.*)', room['hls_url'], 'URL'))
-        formats, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(video_url, room_id)
+        js_sign_func = self._search_js_sign_func(webpage, fatal=False) or self._get_sign_func(room_id, video_id)
+        form_data = {
+            'rate': 0,
+            **self._calc_sign(js_sign_func, video_id, room_id),
+        }
+        stream_formats = [self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.douyu.com/lapi/live/getH5Play/{room_id}',
+            video_id, note="Downloading livestream format",
+            data=urlencode_postdata(form_data))]
 
-        title = unescapeHTML(room['room_name'])
-        description = room.get('show_details')
-        thumbnail = room.get('room_src')
-        uploader = room.get('nickname')
+        for rate_id in traverse_obj(stream_formats[0], ('data', 'multirates', ..., 'rate')):
+            if rate_id != traverse_obj(stream_formats[0], ('data', 'rate')):
+                form_data['rate'] = rate_id
+                stream_formats.append(self._download_json(
+                    f'https://www.douyu.com/lapi/live/getH5Play/{room_id}',
+                    video_id, note=f'Downloading livestream format {rate_id}',
+                    data=urlencode_postdata(form_data)))
 
         return {
             'id': room_id,
-            'display_id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-            'uploader': uploader,
+            'formats': self._extract_stream_formats(stream_formats),
             'is_live': True,
-            'subtitles': subs,
-            'formats': formats,
+            **traverse_obj(room, {
+                'display_id': ('url', {str}, {lambda i: i[1:]}),
+                'title': ('room_name', {unescapeHTML}),
+                'description': ('show_details', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('nickname', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('room_src', {url_or_none}),
+            })
         }
 
 
-class DouyuShowIE(InfoExtractor):
+class DouyuShowIE(DouyuBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://v(?:mobile)?\.douyu\.com/show/(?P<id>[0-9a-zA-Z]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://v.douyu.com/show/rjNBdvnVXNzvE2yw',
-        'md5': '0c2cfd068ee2afe657801269b2d86214',
+        'url': 'https://v.douyu.com/show/mPyq7oVNe5Yv1gLY',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'rjNBdvnVXNzvE2yw',
+            'id': 'mPyq7oVNe5Yv1gLY',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '陈一发儿：砒霜 我有个室友系列！04-01 22点场',
-            'duration': 7150.08,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'uploader': '陈一发儿',
-            'uploader_id': 'XrZwYelr5wbK',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://v.douyu.com/author/XrZwYelr5wbK',
-            'upload_date': '20170402',
+            'title': '四川人小时候的味道“蒜苗回锅肉”，传统菜不能丢，要常做来吃',
+            'duration': 633,
+            'thumbnail': str,
+            'uploader': '美食作家王刚V',
+            'uploader_id': 'OVAO4NVx1m7Q',
+            'timestamp': 1661850002,
+            'upload_date': '20220830',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'tags': ['美食', '美食综合'],
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://vmobile.douyu.com/show/rjNBdvnVXNzvE2yw',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    _FORMATS = {
+        'super': '原画',
+        'high': '超清',
+        'normal': '高清',
+    }
+
+    _QUALITIES = {
+        'super': -1,
+        'high': -2,
+        'normal': -3,
+    }
+
+    _RESOLUTIONS = {
+        'super': '1920x1080',
+        'high': '1280x720',
+        'normal': '852x480',
+    }
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url = url.replace('vmobile.', 'v.')
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        room_info = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'var\s+\$ROOM\s*=\s*({.+});', webpage, 'room info'), video_id)
+        video_info = self._search_json(
+            r'<script>\s*window\.\$DATA\s*=', webpage,
+            'video info', video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
 
-        video_info = None
+        js_sign_func = self._search_js_sign_func(webpage)
+        form_data = {
+            'vid': video_id,
+            **self._calc_sign(js_sign_func, video_id, video_info['ROOM']['point_id']),
+        }
+        url_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://v.douyu.com/api/stream/getStreamUrl', video_id,
+            data=urlencode_postdata(form_data), note="Downloading video formats")
 
-        for trial in range(5):
-            # Sometimes Douyu rejects our request. Let's try it more times
-            try:
-                video_info = self._download_json(
-                    'https://vmobile.douyu.com/video/getInfo', video_id,
-                    query={'vid': video_id},
-                    headers={
-                        'Referer': url,
-                        'x-requested-with': 'XMLHttpRequest',
-                    })
-                break
-            except ExtractorError:
-                self._sleep(1, video_id)
-
-        if not video_info:
-            raise ExtractorError('Can\'t fetch video info')
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            video_info['data']['video_url'], video_id,
-            entry_protocol='m3u8_native', ext='mp4')
-
-        upload_date = unified_strdate(self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<em>上传时间：</em><span>([^<]+)</span>', webpage,
-            'upload date', fatal=False))
-
-        uploader = uploader_id = uploader_url = None
-        mobj = re.search(
-            r'(?m)<a[^>]+href="/author/([0-9a-zA-Z]+)".+?<strong[^>]+title="([^"]+)"',
-            webpage)
-        if mobj:
-            uploader_id, uploader = mobj.groups()
-            uploader_url = urljoin(url, '/author/' + uploader_id)
+        formats = []
+        for name, url in traverse_obj(url_info, ('data', 'thumb_video', {dict.items}, ...)):
+            video_url = traverse_obj(url, ('url', {url_or_none}))
+            if video_url:
+                ext = determine_ext(video_url)
+                formats.append({
+                    'format': self._FORMATS.get(name),
+                    'format_id': name,
+                    'url': video_url,
+                    'quality': self._QUALITIES.get(name),
+                    'ext': 'mp4' if ext == 'm3u8' else ext,
+                    'protocol': 'm3u8_native' if ext == 'm3u8' else 'https',
+                    **parse_resolution(self._RESOLUTIONS.get(name))
+                })
+            else:
+                self.to_screen(
+                    f'"{self._FORMATS.get(name, name)}" format may require logging in. {self._login_hint()}')
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': room_info['name'],
             'formats': formats,
-            'duration': room_info.get('duration'),
-            'thumbnail': room_info.get('pic'),
-            'upload_date': upload_date,
-            'uploader': uploader,
-            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
-            'uploader_url': uploader_url,
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, ('DATA', {
+                'title': ('content', 'title', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('content', 'author', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('content', 'up_id', {str_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('content', 'video_duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('content', 'video_pic', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('content', 'create_time', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('content', 'view_num', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('videoTag', ..., 'tagName', {str}),
+            }))
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py
index 8eb4d8ffa..363b4bec9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def _get_auth(self, disco_base, display_id, realm, needs_device_id=True):
         return f'Bearer {token}'
 
     def _process_errors(self, e, geo_countries):
-        info = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode('utf-8'), None)
+        info = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode('utf-8'), None)
         error = info['errors'][0]
         error_code = error.get('code')
         if error_code == 'access.denied.geoblocked':
@@ -65,6 +65,7 @@ def _download_video_playback_info(self, disco_base, video_id, headers):
         return streaming_list
 
     def _get_disco_api_info(self, url, display_id, disco_host, realm, country, domain=''):
+        country = self.get_param('geo_bypass_country') or country
         geo_countries = [country.upper()]
         self._initialize_geo_bypass({
             'countries': geo_countries,
@@ -86,7 +87,7 @@ def _get_disco_api_info(self, url, display_id, disco_host, realm, country, domai
                     'include': 'images,primaryChannel,show,tags'
                 })
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 400:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
                 self._process_errors(e, geo_countries)
             raise
         video_id = video['data']['id']
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ def _get_disco_api_info(self, url, display_id, disco_host, realm, country, domai
             streaming = self._download_video_playback_info(
                 disco_base, video_id, headers)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                 self._process_errors(e, geo_countries)
             raise
         for format_dict in streaming:
@@ -745,7 +746,7 @@ class MotorTrendIE(DiscoveryPlusBaseIE):
 
 
 class MotorTrendOnDemandIE(DiscoveryPlusBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?motortrendondemand\.com/detail' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?motortrend(?:ondemand\.com|\.com/plus)/detail' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.motortrendondemand.com/detail/wheelstanding-dump-truck-stubby-bobs-comeback/37699/784',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -766,6 +767,25 @@ class MotorTrendOnDemandIE(DiscoveryPlusBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20140101',
             'tags': [],
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.motortrend.com/plus/detail/roadworthy-rescues-teaser-trailer/4922860/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4922860',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Roadworthy Rescues | Teaser Trailer',
+            'description': 'Derek Bieri helps Freiburger and Finnegan with their \'68 big-block Dart.',
+            'display_id': 'roadworthy-rescues-teaser-trailer/4922860',
+            'creator': 'Originals',
+            'series': 'Roadworthy Rescues',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpe?g$',
+            'upload_date': '20220907',
+            'timestamp': 1662523200,
+            'duration': 1066.356,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.motortrend.com/plus/detail/ugly-duckling/2450033/12439',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _PRODUCT = 'MTOD'
@@ -1001,3 +1021,39 @@ class DiscoveryPlusIndiaShowIE(DiscoveryPlusShowBaseIE):
     _SHOW_STR = 'show'
     _INDEX = 4
     _VIDEO_IE = DiscoveryPlusIndiaIE
+
+
+class GlobalCyclingNetworkPlusIE(DiscoveryPlusBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://plus\.globalcyclingnetwork\.com/watch/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://plus.globalcyclingnetwork.com/watch/1397691',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1397691',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Athertons: Mountain Biking\'s Fastest Family',
+            'description': 'md5:75a81937fcd8b989eec6083a709cd837',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://us1-prod-images.disco-api.com/2021/03/04/eb9e3026-4849-3001-8281-9356466f0557.png',
+            'series': 'gcn',
+            'creator': 'Gcn',
+            'upload_date': '20210309',
+            'timestamp': 1615248000,
+            'duration': 2531.0,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'skip': 'Subscription required',
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    _PRODUCT = 'web'
+    _DISCO_API_PARAMS = {
+        'disco_host': 'disco-api-prod.globalcyclingnetwork.com',
+        'realm': 'gcn',
+        'country': 'us',
+    }
+
+    def _update_disco_api_headers(self, headers, disco_base, display_id, realm):
+        headers.update({
+            'x-disco-params': f'realm={realm}',
+            'x-disco-client': f'WEB:UNKNOWN:{self._PRODUCT}:27.3.2',
+            'Authorization': self._get_auth(disco_base, display_id, realm),
+        })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
index 214b309bf..bc2efce12 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import base64
 import os.path
 import re
 
@@ -5,14 +6,13 @@
 from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_get,
+    update_url_query,
     url_basename,
 )
 
 
 class DropboxIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dropbox[.]com/sh?/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]{15})/.*'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dropbox\.com/(?:(?:e/)?scl/fi|sh?)/(?P<id>\w+)'
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://www.dropbox.com/s/nelirfsxnmcfbfh/youtube-dl%20test%20video%20%27%C3%A4%22BaW_jenozKc.mp4?dl=0',
@@ -22,7 +22,16 @@ class DropboxIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video \'ä"BaW_jenozKc'
             }
         }, {
-            'url': 'https://www.dropbox.com/sh/662glsejgzoj9sr/AAByil3FGH9KFNZ13e08eSa1a/Pregame%20Ceremony%20Program%20PA%2020140518.m4v',
+            'url': 'https://www.dropbox.com/s/nelirfsxnmcfbfh',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        }, {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropbox.com/sh/2mgpiuq7kv8nqdf/AABy-fW4dkydT4GmWi2mdOUDa?dl=0&preview=Drone+Shot.mp4',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        }, {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/r2kd2skcy5ylbbta5y1pz/DJI_0003.MP4?dl=0&rlkey=wcdgqangn7t3lnmmv6li9mu9h',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        }, {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropbox.com/e/scl/fi/r2kd2skcy5ylbbta5y1pz/DJI_0003.MP4?dl=0&rlkey=wcdgqangn7t3lnmmv6li9mu9h',
             'only_matching': True,
         },
     ]
@@ -53,16 +62,25 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             else:
                 raise ExtractorError('Password protected video, use --video-password <password>', expected=True)
 
-        info_json = self._search_json(r'InitReact\.mountComponent\(.*?,', webpage, 'mountComponent', video_id,
-                                      contains_pattern=r'{.+?"preview".+?}', end_pattern=r'\)')['props']
-        transcode_url = traverse_obj(info_json, ((None, 'preview'), 'file', 'preview', 'content', 'transcode_url'), get_all=False)
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(transcode_url, video_id)
+        formats, subtitles, has_anonymous_download = [], {}, False
+        for encoded in reversed(re.findall(r'registerStreamedPrefetch\s*\(\s*"[\w/+=]+"\s*,\s*"([\w/+=]+)"', webpage)):
+            decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded).decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
+            transcode_url = self._search_regex(
+                r'\n.(https://[^\x03\x08\x12\n]+\.m3u8)', decoded, 'transcode url', default=None)
+            if not transcode_url:
+                continue
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(transcode_url, video_id, 'mp4')
+            has_anonymous_download = self._search_regex(r'(anonymous:\tanonymous)', decoded, 'anonymous', default=False)
+            break
 
         # downloads enabled we can get the original file
-        if 'anonymous' in (try_get(info_json, lambda x: x['sharePermission']['canDownloadRoles']) or []):
-            video_url = re.sub(r'[?&]dl=0', '', url)
-            video_url += ('?' if '?' not in video_url else '&') + 'dl=1'
-            formats.append({'url': video_url, 'format_id': 'original', 'format_note': 'Original', 'quality': 1})
+        if has_anonymous_download:
+            formats.append({
+                'url': update_url_query(url, {'dl': '1'}),
+                'format_id': 'original',
+                'format_note': 'Original',
+                'quality': 1
+            })
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py
index e280b1c9f..80ae6c126 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py
@@ -1,13 +1,17 @@
+import functools
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .vimeo import VHXEmbedIE
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
     clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
     get_element_by_class,
     get_element_by_id,
-    get_elements_by_class,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
     int_or_none,
-    join_nonempty,
+    traverse_obj,
     unified_strdate,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
@@ -162,12 +166,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class DropoutSeasonIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dropout\.tv/(?P<id>[^\/$&?#]+)(?:/?$|/season:[0-9]+/?$)'
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 24
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dropout\.tv/(?P<id>[^\/$&?#]+)(?:/?$|/season:(?P<season>[0-9]+)/?$)'
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://www.dropout.tv/dimension-20-fantasy-high/season:1',
             'note': 'Multi-season series with the season in the url',
-            'playlist_count': 17,
+            'playlist_count': 24,
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'dimension-20-fantasy-high-season-1',
                 'title': 'Dimension 20 Fantasy High - Season 1'
@@ -176,7 +181,7 @@ class DropoutSeasonIE(InfoExtractor):
         {
             'url': 'https://www.dropout.tv/dimension-20-fantasy-high',
             'note': 'Multi-season series with the season not in the url',
-            'playlist_count': 17,
+            'playlist_count': 24,
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'dimension-20-fantasy-high-season-1',
                 'title': 'Dimension 20 Fantasy High - Season 1'
@@ -190,29 +195,30 @@ class DropoutSeasonIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'dimension-20-shriek-week-season-1',
                 'title': 'Dimension 20 Shriek Week - Season 1'
             }
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.dropout.tv/breaking-news-no-laugh-newsroom/season:3',
+            'note': 'Multi-season series with season in the url that requires pagination',
+            'playlist_count': 25,
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'breaking-news-no-laugh-newsroom-season-3',
+                'title': 'Breaking News No Laugh Newsroom - Season 3'
+            }
         }
     ]
 
+    def _fetch_page(self, url, season_id, page):
+        page += 1
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(
+            f'{url}?page={page}', season_id, note=f'Downloading page {page}', expected_status={400})
+        yield from [self.url_result(item_url, DropoutIE) for item_url in traverse_obj(
+            get_elements_html_by_class('browse-item-link', webpage), (..., {extract_attributes}, 'href'))]
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         season_id = self._match_id(url)
+        season_num = self._match_valid_url(url).group('season') or 1
         season_title = season_id.replace('-', ' ').title()
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, season_id)
 
-        entries = [
-            self.url_result(
-                url=self._search_regex(r'<a href=["\'](.+?)["\'] class=["\']browse-item-link["\']',
-                                       item, 'item_url'),
-                ie=DropoutIE.ie_key()
-            ) for item in get_elements_by_class('js-collection-item', webpage)
-        ]
-
-        seasons = (get_element_by_class('select-dropdown-wrapper', webpage) or '').strip().replace('\n', '')
-        current_season = self._search_regex(r'<option[^>]+selected>([^<]+)</option>',
-                                            seasons, 'current_season', default='').strip()
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'playlist',
-            'id': join_nonempty(season_id, current_season.lower().replace(' ', '-')),
-            'title': join_nonempty(season_title, current_season, delim=' - '),
-            'entries': entries
-        }
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(self._fetch_page, url, season_id), self._PAGE_SIZE),
+            f'{season_id}-season-{season_num}', f'{season_title} - Season {season_num}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dumpert.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dumpert.py
index 010c2d092..0cf84263c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dumpert.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dumpert.py
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
     qualities,
 )
 
 
 class DumpertIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<protocol>https?)://(?:(?:www|legacy)\.)?dumpert\.nl/(?:mediabase|embed|item)/(?P<id>[0-9]+[/_][0-9a-zA-Z]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        (?P<protocol>https?)://(?:(?:www|legacy)\.)?dumpert\.nl(?:
+            /(?:mediabase|embed|item)/|
+            (?:/toppers|/latest|/?)\?selectedId=
+        )(?P<id>[0-9]+[/_][0-9a-zA-Z]+)'''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.dumpert.nl/item/6646981_951bc60f',
         'md5': '1b9318d7d5054e7dcb9dc7654f21d643',
@@ -16,6 +21,9 @@ class DumpertIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Ik heb nieuws voor je',
             'description': 'Niet schrikken hoor',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 9,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
         }
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.dumpert.nl/embed/6675421_dc440fe7',
@@ -26,6 +34,28 @@ class DumpertIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'http://legacy.dumpert.nl/embed/6675421/dc440fe7',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dumpert.nl/item/100031688_b317a185',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '100031688/b317a185',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Epic schijnbeweging',
+            'description': '<p>Die zag je niet eh</p>',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
+            'duration': 12,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'}
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dumpert.nl/toppers?selectedId=100031688_b317a185',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dumpert.nl/latest?selectedId=100031688_b317a185',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dumpert.nl/?selectedId=100031688_b317a185',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -36,18 +66,23 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         title = item['title']
         media = next(m for m in item['media'] if m.get('mediatype') == 'VIDEO')
 
-        quality = qualities(['flv', 'mobile', 'tablet', '720p'])
+        quality = qualities(['flv', 'mobile', 'tablet', '720p', '1080p'])
         formats = []
         for variant in media.get('variants', []):
             uri = variant.get('uri')
             if not uri:
                 continue
             version = variant.get('version')
-            formats.append({
-                'url': uri,
-                'format_id': version,
-                'quality': quality(version),
-            })
+            preference = quality(version)
+            if determine_ext(uri) == 'm3u8':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    uri, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=version, quality=preference))
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': uri,
+                    'format_id': version,
+                    'quality': preference,
+                })
 
         thumbnails = []
         stills = item.get('stills') or {}
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/eagleplatform.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/eagleplatform.py
index 9ebd24d80..739d17912 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/eagleplatform.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/eagleplatform.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ def _download_json(self, url_or_request, video_id, *args, **kwargs):
             response = super(EaglePlatformIE, self)._download_json(
                 url_or_request, video_id, *args, **kwargs)
         except ExtractorError as ee:
-            if isinstance(ee.cause, compat_HTTPError):
-                response = self._parse_json(ee.cause.read().decode('utf-8'), video_id)
+            if isinstance(ee.cause, HTTPError):
+                response = self._parse_json(ee.cause.response.read().decode('utf-8'), video_id)
                 self._handle_error(response)
             raise
         return response
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/eitb.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/eitb.py
index bd027da6b..66afbb6bb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/eitb.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/eitb.py
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    float_or_none,
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_iso8601,
-    sanitized_Request,
-)
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..utils import float_or_none, int_or_none, parse_iso8601
 
 
 class EitbIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -54,7 +50,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         hls_url = media.get('HLS_SURL')
         if hls_url:
-            request = sanitized_Request(
+            request = Request(
                 'http://mam.eitb.eus/mam/REST/ServiceMultiweb/DomainRestrictedSecurity/TokenAuth/',
                 headers={'Referer': url})
             token_data = self._download_json(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/elevensports.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/elevensports.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..99c52b3a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/elevensports.py
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class ElevenSportsIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?elevensports\.com/view/event/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://elevensports.com/view/event/clf46yr3kenn80jgrqsjmwefk',
+        'md5': 'c0958d9ff90e4503a75544358758921d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'clf46yr3kenn80jgrqsjmwefk',
+            'title': 'Cleveland SC vs Lionsbridge FC',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:03b5238d6549f4ea1fddadf69b5e0b58',
+            'upload_date': '20230323',
+            'timestamp': 1679612400,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'}
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://elevensports.com/view/event/clhpyd53b06160jez74qhgkmf',
+        'md5': 'c0958d9ff90e4503a75544358758921d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'clhpyd53b06160jez74qhgkmf',
+            'title': 'AJNLF vs ARRAF',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:c8c5e75c78f37c6d15cd6c475e43a8c1',
+            'upload_date': '20230521',
+            'timestamp': 1684684800,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'}
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        event_id = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['event']['mclsEventId']
+        event_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://mcls-api.mycujoo.tv/bff/events/v1beta1/{event_id}', video_id,
+            headers={'Authorization': 'Bearer FBVKACGN37JQC5SFA0OVK8KKSIOP153G'})
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+            event_data['streams'][0]['full_url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(event_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail_url', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/eplus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/eplus.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3ebdcf5fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/eplus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    try_call,
+    unified_timestamp,
+)
+
+
+class EplusIbIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'eplus:inbound'
+    IE_DESC = 'e+ (イープラス) overseas'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://live\.eplus\.jp/ex/player\?ib=(?P<id>(?:\w|%2B|%2F){86}%3D%3D)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://live.eplus.jp/ex/player?ib=YEFxb3Vyc2Dombnjg7blkrLlrablnJLjgrnjgq%2Fjg7zjg6vjgqLjgqTjg4njg6vlkIzlpb3kvJpgTGllbGxhIQ%3D%3D',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '354502-0001-002',
+            'title': 'LoveLive!Series Presents COUNTDOWN LoveLive! 2021→2022～LIVE with a smile!～【Streaming+(配信)】',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'release_date': '20211231',
+            'release_timestamp': 1640952000,
+            'description': str,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [
+            'Could not find the playlist URL. This event may not be accessible',
+            'No video formats found!',
+            'Requested format is not available',
+        ],
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        data_json = self._search_json(r'<script>\s*var app\s*=', webpage, 'data json', video_id)
+
+        delivery_status = data_json.get('delivery_status')
+        archive_mode = data_json.get('archive_mode')
+        release_timestamp = try_call(lambda: unified_timestamp(data_json['event_datetime']) - 32400)
+        release_timestamp_str = data_json.get('event_datetime_text')  # JST
+
+        self.write_debug(f'delivery_status = {delivery_status}, archive_mode = {archive_mode}')
+
+        if delivery_status == 'PREPARING':
+            live_status = 'is_upcoming'
+        elif delivery_status == 'STARTED':
+            live_status = 'is_live'
+        elif delivery_status == 'STOPPED':
+            if archive_mode != 'ON':
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    'This event has ended and there is no archive for this event', expected=True)
+            live_status = 'post_live'
+        elif delivery_status == 'WAIT_CONFIRM_ARCHIVED':
+            live_status = 'post_live'
+        elif delivery_status == 'CONFIRMED_ARCHIVE':
+            live_status = 'was_live'
+        else:
+            self.report_warning(f'Unknown delivery_status {delivery_status}, treat it as a live')
+            live_status = 'is_live'
+
+        formats = []
+
+        m3u8_playlist_urls = self._search_json(
+            r'var listChannels\s*=', webpage, 'hls URLs', video_id, contains_pattern=r'\[.+\]', default=[])
+        if not m3u8_playlist_urls:
+            if live_status == 'is_upcoming':
+                self.raise_no_formats(
+                    f'Could not find the playlist URL. This live event will begin at {release_timestamp_str} JST', expected=True)
+            else:
+                self.raise_no_formats(
+                    'Could not find the playlist URL. This event may not be accessible', expected=True)
+        elif live_status == 'is_upcoming':
+            self.raise_no_formats(f'This live event will begin at {release_timestamp_str} JST', expected=True)
+        elif live_status == 'post_live':
+            self.raise_no_formats('This event has ended, and the archive will be available shortly', expected=True)
+        else:
+            for m3u8_playlist_url in m3u8_playlist_urls:
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_playlist_url, video_id))
+            # FIXME: HTTP request headers need to be updated to continue download
+            warning = 'Due to technical limitations, the download will be interrupted after one hour'
+            if live_status == 'is_live':
+                self.report_warning(warning)
+            elif live_status == 'was_live':
+                self.report_warning(f'{warning}. You can restart to continue the download')
+
+        return {
+            'id': data_json['app_id'],
+            'title': data_json.get('app_name'),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            'description': data_json.get('content'),
+            'release_timestamp': release_timestamp,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/eporner.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/eporner.py
index a2337979b..aee2dee58 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/eporner.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/eporner.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, display_id)
 
-        video_id = self._match_id(urlh.geturl())
+        video_id = self._match_id(urlh.url)
 
         hash = self._search_regex(
             r'hash\s*[:=]\s*["\']([\da-f]{32})', webpage, 'hash')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/erocast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/erocast.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..92a57536c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/erocast.py
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class ErocastIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?erocast\.me/track/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://erocast.me/track/9787/f',
+        'md5': 'af63b91f5f231096aba54dd682abea3b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9787',
+            'title': '[F4M] Your roommate, who is definitely not possessed by an alien, suddenly wants to fuck you',
+            'url': 'https://erocast.s3.us-east-2.wasabisys.com/1220419/track.m3u8',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'release_timestamp': 1696178652,
+            'release_date': '20231001',
+            'modified_timestamp': int,
+            'modified_date': str,
+            'description': 'ExtraTerrestrial Tuesday!',
+            'uploader': 'clarissaisshy',
+            'uploader_id': '8113',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://erocast.me/clarissaisshy',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://erocast.s3.us-east-2.wasabisys.com/1220418/conversions/1696179247-lg.jpg',
+            'duration': 2307,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'webpage_url': 'https://erocast.me/track/9787/f4m-your-roommate-who-is-definitely-not-possessed-by-an-alien-suddenly-wants-to-fuck-you',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        data = self._search_json(
+            rf'<script>\s*var song_data_{video_id}\s*=', webpage, 'data', video_id, end_pattern=r'</script>')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                data.get('file_url') or data['stream_url'], video_id, 'm4a', m3u8_id='hls'),
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'uploader': ('user', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('user', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+                'uploader_url': ('user', 'permalink_url', {url_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('artwork_url', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('comment_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'webpage_url': ('permalink_url', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ettutv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ettutv.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..133b52555
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ettutv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import bool_or_none, traverse_obj, unified_timestamp, url_or_none
+
+
+class EttuTvIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ettu\.tv/[^?#]+/playerpage/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.ettu.tv/en-int/playerpage/1573849',
+        'md5': '5874b7639a2aa866d1f6c3a4037c7c09',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1573849',
+            'title': 'Ni Xia Lian - Shao Jieni',
+            'description': 'ITTF Europe Top 16 Cup',
+            'timestamp': 1677348600,
+            'upload_date': '20230225',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ettu.tv/en-int/playerpage/1573753',
+        'md5': '1fc094bf96cf2d5ec0f434d3a6dec9aa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1573753',
+            'title': 'Qiu Dang - Jorgic Darko',
+            'description': 'ITTF Europe Top 16 Cup',
+            'timestamp': 1677423600,
+            'upload_date': '20230226',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        player_settings = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.ettu.tv/api/v3/contents/{video_id}/player-settings', video_id, query={
+                'language': 'en',
+                'showTitle': 'true',
+                'device': 'desktop',
+            })
+
+        stream_response = self._download_json(player_settings['streamAccess'], video_id, data=b'')
+
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+            stream_response['data']['stream'], video_id, 'mp4')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(player_settings, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': ('metaInformation', 'competition'),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('date', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'is_live': ('isLivestream', {bool_or_none}),
+            })
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/europa.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/europa.py
index 29daabe4a..f3da95f5c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/europa.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/europa.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_qs,
     qualities,
+    traverse_obj,
     unified_strdate,
     xpath_text
 )
@@ -92,42 +93,17 @@ def get_item(type_, preference):
 
 class EuroParlWebstreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        https?://(?:multimedia|webstreaming)\.europarl\.europa\.eu/[^/#?]+/
-        (?:embed/embed\.html\?event=|(?!video)[^/#?]+/[\w-]+_)(?P<id>[\w-]+)
+        https?://multimedia\.europarl\.europa\.eu/[^/#?]+/
+        (?:(?!video)[^/#?]+/[\w-]+_)(?P<id>[\w-]+)
     '''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/pl/webstreaming/plenary-session_20220914-0900-PLENARY',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'bcaa1db4-76ef-7e06-8da7-839bd0ad1dbe',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'release_timestamp': 1663137900,
-            'title': 'Plenary session',
-            'release_date': '20220914',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        }
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/pl/webstreaming/eu-cop27-un-climate-change-conference-in-sharm-el-sheikh-egypt-ep-delegation-meets-with-ngo-represen_20221114-1600-SPECIAL-OTHER',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'a8428de8-b9cd-6a2e-11e4-3805d9c9ff5c',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'release_timestamp': 1668434400,
-            'release_date': '20221114',
-            'title': 'md5:d3550280c33cc70e0678652e3d52c028',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        }
-    }, {
-        # embed webpage
-        'url': 'https://webstreaming.europarl.europa.eu/ep/embed/embed.html?event=20220914-0900-PLENARY&language=en&autoplay=true&logo=true',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'bcaa1db4-76ef-7e06-8da7-839bd0ad1dbe',
+            'id': '62388b15-d85b-4add-99aa-ba12ccf64f0d',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Plenary session',
+            'release_timestamp': 1663139069,
             'release_date': '20220914',
-            'release_timestamp': 1663137900,
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -144,30 +120,54 @@ class EuroParlWebstreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'live_status': 'is_live',
         },
         'skip': 'not live anymore'
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/webstreaming/committee-on-culture-and-education_20230301-1130-COMMITTEE-CULT',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7355662c-8eac-445e-4bb9-08db14b0ddd7',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'release_date': '20230301',
+            'title': 'Committee on Culture and Education',
+            'release_timestamp': 1677666641,
+        }
+    }, {
+        # live stream
+        'url': 'https://multimedia.europarl.europa.eu/en/webstreaming/committee-on-environment-public-health-and-food-safety_20230524-0900-COMMITTEE-ENVI',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e4255f56-10aa-4b3c-6530-08db56d5b0d9',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'release_date': '20230524',
+            'title': r're:Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s\d{2}:\d{2}',
+            'release_timestamp': 1684911541,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Not live anymore'
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        webpage_nextjs = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, display_id)['props']['pageProps']
 
         json_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://vis-api.vuplay.co.uk/event/external', display_id,
+            'https://acs-api.europarl.connectedviews.eu/api/FullMeeting', display_id,
             query={
-                'player_key': 'europarl|718f822c-a48c-4841-9947-c9cb9bb1743c',
-                'external_id': display_id,
+                'api-version': 1.0,
+                'tenantId': 'bae646ca-1fc8-4363-80ba-2c04f06b4968',
+                'externalReference': display_id
             })
 
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(json_info['streaming_url'], display_id)
-        fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-            json_info['streaming_url'].replace('.mpd', '.m3u8'), display_id)
-
-        formats.extend(fmts)
-        self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for hls_url in traverse_obj(json_info, ((('meetingVideo'), ('meetingVideos', ...)), 'hlsUrl')):
+            fmt, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(hls_url, display_id)
+            formats.extend(fmt)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
 
         return {
             'id': json_info['id'],
-            'title': json_info.get('title'),
+            'title': traverse_obj(webpage_nextjs, (('mediaItem', 'title'), ('title', )), get_all=False),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'release_timestamp': parse_iso8601(json_info.get('published_start')),
-            'is_live': 'LIVE' in json_info.get('state', '')
+            'release_timestamp': parse_iso8601(json_info.get('startDateTime')),
+            'is_live': traverse_obj(webpage_nextjs, ('mediaItem', 'mediaSubType')) == 'Live'
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py
index 654e11206..6c426bb89 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/eurosport.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 
 class EurosportIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.eurosport\.com/\w+/[\w-]+/\d+/[\w-]+_(?P<id>vid\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.eurosport\.com/\w+/(?:[\w-]+/[\d-]+/)?[\w-]+_(?P<id>vid\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.eurosport.com/tennis/roland-garros/2022/highlights-rafael-nadal-brushes-aside-caper-ruud-to-win-record-extending-14th-french-open-title_vid1694147/video.shtml',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -44,6 +44,32 @@ class EurosportIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:32bbe3a773ac132c57fb1e8cca4b7c71',
             'upload_date': '20220727',
         }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.com/football/champions-league/2022-2023/pep-guardiola-emotionally-destroyed-after-manchester-city-win-over-bayern-munich-in-champions-league_vid1896254/video.shtml',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3096477',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:82edc17370124c7a19b3cf518517583b',
+            'duration': 84.0,
+            'description': 'md5:b3f44ef7f5b5b95b24a273b163083feb',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://imgresizer.eurosport.com/unsafe/1280x960/smart/filters:format(jpeg)/origin-imgresizer.eurosport.com/2023/04/12/3682873-74947393-2560-1440.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1681292028,
+            'upload_date': '20230412',
+            'display_id': 'vid1896254',
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.eurosport.com/football/last-year-s-semi-final-pain-was-still-there-pep-guardiola-after-man-city-reach-cl-final_vid1914115/video.shtml',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3149108',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '\'Last year\'s semi-final pain was still there\' - Pep Guardiola after Man City reach CL final',
+            'description': 'md5:89ef142fe0170a66abab77fac2955d8e',
+            'display_id': 'vid1914115',
+            'timestamp': 1684403618,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://imgresizer.eurosport.com/unsafe/1280x960/smart/filters:format(jpeg)/origin-imgresizer.eurosport.com/2023/05/18/3707254-75435008-2560-1440.jpg',
+            'duration': 105.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230518',
+        }
     }]
 
     _TOKEN = None
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/expressen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/expressen.py
index 86967b631..b96f2e4cb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/expressen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/expressen.py
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ class ExpressenIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     https?://
                         (?:www\.)?(?:expressen|di)\.se/
-                        (?:(?:tvspelare/video|videoplayer/embed)/)?
-                        tv/(?:[^/]+/)*
+                        (?:(?:tvspelare/video|video-?player/embed)/)?
+                        (?:tv|nyheter)/(?:[^/?#]+/)*
                         (?P<id>[^/?#&]+)
                     '''
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?(?:expressen|di)\.se/(?:tvspelare/video|videoplayer/embed)/tv/.+?)\1']
@@ -42,6 +42,12 @@ class ExpressenIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.di.se/videoplayer/embed/tv/ditv/borsmorgon/implantica-rusar-70--under-borspremiaren-hor-styrelsemedlemmen/?embed=true&external=true&autoplay=true&startVolume=0&partnerId=di',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.expressen.se/video-player/embed/tv/nyheter/ekero-fodda-olof-gustafsson-forvaltar-knarkbaronen-pablo-escobars-namn',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/efter-egna-telefonbluffen-escobar-stammer-klarna/',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
index 1404be612..50a750d3b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
     compat_str,
     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
 )
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import network_exceptions
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
@@ -19,11 +21,10 @@
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
     merge_dicts,
-    network_exceptions,
     parse_count,
     parse_qs,
     qualities,
-    sanitized_Request,
+    str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     url_or_none,
@@ -73,6 +74,22 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VIDEO_PAGE_TAHOE_TEMPLATE = 'https://www.facebook.com/video/tahoe/async/%s/?chain=true&isvideo=true&payloadtype=primary'
 
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/radiokicksfm/videos/3676516585958356/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3676516585958356',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'dr Adam Przygoda',
+            'description': 'md5:34675bda53336b1d16400265c2bb9b3b',
+            'uploader': 'RADIO KICKS FM',
+            'upload_date': '20230818',
+            'timestamp': 1692346159,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'uploader_id': '100063551323670',
+            'duration': 3132.184,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': 0,
+        },
+    }, {
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=637842556329505&fref=nf',
         'md5': '6a40d33c0eccbb1af76cf0485a052659',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -90,16 +107,16 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '274175099429670',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Asif Nawab Butt',
-            'description': 'Asif Nawab Butt',
+            'title': 'Asif',
+            'description': '',
             'uploader': 'Asif Nawab Butt',
             'upload_date': '20140506',
             'timestamp': 1399398998,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid028wxorhX2ErLFJ578N6P3crHD3PHmXTCqCvfBpsnbSLmbokwSY75p5hWBjHGkG4zxl',
+            'duration': 131.03,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': [
-            'title'
-        ]
     }, {
         'note': 'Video with DASH manifest',
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=957955867617029',
@@ -151,7 +168,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
         # have 1080P, but only up to 720p in swf params
         # data.video.story.attachments[].media
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/cnn/videos/10155529876156509/',
-        'md5': '3f3798adb2b73423263e59376f1f5eb7',
+        'md5': 'ca63897a90c9452efee5f8c40d080e25',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '10155529876156509',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -162,6 +179,9 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'CNN',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'view_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': '100059479812265',
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'duration': 44.478,
         },
     }, {
         # bigPipe.onPageletArrive ... onPageletArrive pagelet_group_mall
@@ -170,12 +190,16 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1417995061575415',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ukrainian Scientists Worldwide | Довгоочікуване відео',
+            'title': 'Довгоочікуване відео | By Yaroslav - Facebook',
             'description': 'Довгоочікуване відео',
-            'timestamp': 1486648771,
+            'timestamp': 1486648217,
             'upload_date': '20170209',
             'uploader': 'Yaroslav Korpan',
-            'uploader_id': '100000948048708',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid06AScABAWcW91qpiuGrLt99Ef9tvwHoXP6t8KeFYEqkSfreMtfa9nTveh8b2ZEVSWl',
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 11736.446,
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -192,9 +216,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'La Guía Del Varón',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'skip': 'Requires logging in',
     }, {
         # data.node.comet_sections.content.story.attachments[].style_type_renderer.attachment.media
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/groups/1024490957622648/permalink/1396382447100162/',
@@ -208,9 +230,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'Elisabeth Ahtn',
             'uploader_id': '100013949973717',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'skip': 'Requires logging in',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/video.php?v=10204634152394104',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -252,7 +272,11 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1527084179,
             'upload_date': '20180523',
             'uploader': 'ESL One Dota 2',
-            'uploader_id': '234218833769558',
+            'uploader_id': '100066514874195',
+            'duration': 4524.212,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -262,8 +286,17 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/100033620354545/videos/106560053808006/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '106560053808006',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Josef',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0cibUN6tV7DYgdbJdsUFN46wc4jKpVSPAvJQhFofGqBGmVn3V3JtAs2tfUwziw2hUl',
+            'timestamp': 1549275572,
+            'duration': 3.413,
+            'uploader': 'Josef Novak',
+            'description': '',
+            'upload_date': '20190204',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 2,
     }, {
         # data.video.story.attachments[].media
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=647537299265662',
@@ -276,6 +309,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '10157667649866271',
         },
         'playlist_count': 3,
+        'skip': 'Requires logging in',
     }, {
         # data.nodes[].comet_sections.content.story.attachments[].style_type_renderer.attachment.media
         'url': 'https://m.facebook.com/Alliance.Police.Department/posts/4048563708499330',
@@ -319,7 +353,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
     }
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        login_page_req = sanitized_Request(self._LOGIN_URL)
+        login_page_req = Request(self._LOGIN_URL)
         self._set_cookie('facebook.com', 'locale', 'en_US')
         login_page = self._download_webpage(login_page_req, None,
                                             note='Downloading login page',
@@ -340,8 +374,8 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             'timezone': '-60',
             'trynum': '1',
         }
-        request = sanitized_Request(self._LOGIN_URL, urlencode_postdata(login_form))
-        request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
+        request = Request(self._LOGIN_URL, urlencode_postdata(login_form))
+        request.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
         try:
             login_results = self._download_webpage(request, None,
                                                    note='Logging in', errnote='unable to fetch login page')
@@ -367,8 +401,8 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                 'h': h,
                 'name_action_selected': 'dont_save',
             }
-            check_req = sanitized_Request(self._CHECKPOINT_URL, urlencode_postdata(check_form))
-            check_req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
+            check_req = Request(self._CHECKPOINT_URL, urlencode_postdata(check_form))
+            check_req.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
             check_response = self._download_webpage(check_req, None,
                                                     note='Confirming login')
             if re.search(r'id="checkpointSubmitButton"', check_response) is not None:
@@ -383,14 +417,17 @@ def _extract_from_url(self, url, video_id):
 
         def extract_metadata(webpage):
             post_data = [self._parse_json(j, video_id, fatal=False) for j in re.findall(
-                r'handleWithCustomApplyEach\(\s*ScheduledApplyEach\s*,\s*(\{.+?\})\s*\);', webpage)]
+                r'data-sjs>({.*?ScheduledServerJS.*?})</script>', webpage)]
             post = traverse_obj(post_data, (
-                ..., 'require', ..., ..., ..., '__bbox', 'result', 'data'), expected_type=dict) or []
+                ..., 'require', ..., ..., ..., '__bbox', 'require', ..., ..., ..., '__bbox', 'result', 'data'), expected_type=dict) or []
             media = traverse_obj(post, (..., 'attachments', ..., lambda k, v: (
                 k == 'media' and str(v['id']) == video_id and v['__typename'] == 'Video')), expected_type=dict)
             title = get_first(media, ('title', 'text'))
             description = get_first(media, ('creation_story', 'comet_sections', 'message', 'story', 'message', 'text'))
-            uploader_data = get_first(media, 'owner') or get_first(post, ('node', 'actors', ...)) or {}
+            uploader_data = (
+                get_first(media, ('owner', {dict}))
+                or get_first(post, (..., 'video', lambda k, v: k == 'owner' and v['name']))
+                or get_first(post, ('node', 'actors', ..., {dict})) or {})
 
             page_title = title or self._html_search_regex((
                 r'<h2\s+[^>]*class="uiHeaderTitle"[^>]*>(?P<content>[^<]*)</h2>',
@@ -415,16 +452,17 @@ def extract_metadata(webpage):
             # in https://www.facebook.com/yaroslav.korpan/videos/1417995061575415/
             if thumbnail and not re.search(r'\.(?:jpg|png)', thumbnail):
                 thumbnail = None
-            view_count = parse_count(self._search_regex(
-                r'\bviewCount\s*:\s*["\']([\d,.]+)', webpage, 'view count',
-                default=None))
             info_dict = {
                 'description': description,
                 'uploader': uploader,
                 'uploader_id': uploader_data.get('id'),
                 'timestamp': timestamp,
                 'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-                'view_count': view_count,
+                'view_count': parse_count(self._search_regex(
+                    (r'\bviewCount\s*:\s*["\']([\d,.]+)', r'video_view_count["\']\s*:\s*(\d+)',),
+                    webpage, 'view count', default=None)),
+                'concurrent_view_count': get_first(post, (
+                    ('video', (..., ..., 'attachments', ..., 'media')), 'liveViewerCount', {int_or_none})),
             }
 
             info_json_ld = self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, default={})
@@ -459,25 +497,25 @@ def extract_dash_manifest(video, formats):
             dash_manifest = video.get('dash_manifest')
             if dash_manifest:
                 formats.extend(self._parse_mpd_formats(
-                    compat_etree_fromstring(urllib.parse.unquote_plus(dash_manifest))))
+                    compat_etree_fromstring(urllib.parse.unquote_plus(dash_manifest)),
+                    mpd_url=video.get('dash_manifest_url')))
 
         def process_formats(info):
             # Downloads with browser's User-Agent are rate limited. Working around
             # with non-browser User-Agent.
             for f in info['formats']:
                 f.setdefault('http_headers', {})['User-Agent'] = 'facebookexternalhit/1.1'
-            info['_format_sort_fields'] = ('res', 'quality')
 
         def extract_relay_data(_filter):
             return self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-                r'handleWithCustomApplyEach\([^,]+,\s*({.*?%s.*?})\);' % _filter,
+                r'data-sjs>({.*?%s.*?})</script>' % _filter,
                 webpage, 'replay data', default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}
 
         def extract_relay_prefetched_data(_filter):
-            replay_data = extract_relay_data(_filter)
-            for require in (replay_data.get('require') or []):
-                if require[0] == 'RelayPrefetchedStreamCache':
-                    return try_get(require, lambda x: x[3][1]['__bbox']['result']['data'], dict) or {}
+            return traverse_obj(extract_relay_data(_filter), (
+                'require', (None, (..., ..., ..., '__bbox', 'require')),
+                lambda _, v: 'RelayPrefetchedStreamCache' in v, ..., ...,
+                '__bbox', 'result', 'data', {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
 
         if not video_data:
             server_js_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex([
@@ -488,15 +526,23 @@ def extract_relay_prefetched_data(_filter):
 
         if not video_data:
             data = extract_relay_prefetched_data(
-                r'"(?:dash_manifest|playable_url(?:_quality_hd)?)"\s*:\s*"[^"]+"')
+                r'"(?:dash_manifest|playable_url(?:_quality_hd)?)')
             if data:
                 entries = []
 
                 def parse_graphql_video(video):
+                    v_id = video.get('videoId') or video.get('id') or video_id
+                    reel_info = traverse_obj(
+                        video, ('creation_story', 'short_form_video_context', 'playback_video', {dict}))
+                    if reel_info:
+                        video = video['creation_story']
+                        video['owner'] = traverse_obj(video, ('short_form_video_context', 'video_owner'))
+                        video.update(reel_info)
                     formats = []
                     q = qualities(['sd', 'hd'])
                     for key, format_id in (('playable_url', 'sd'), ('playable_url_quality_hd', 'hd'),
-                                           ('playable_url_dash', '')):
+                                           ('playable_url_dash', ''), ('browser_native_hd_url', 'hd'),
+                                           ('browser_native_sd_url', 'sd')):
                         playable_url = video.get(key)
                         if not playable_url:
                             continue
@@ -505,19 +551,20 @@ def parse_graphql_video(video):
                         else:
                             formats.append({
                                 'format_id': format_id,
-                                'quality': q(format_id),
+                                # sd, hd formats w/o resolution info should be deprioritized below DASH
+                                'quality': q(format_id) - 3,
                                 'url': playable_url,
                             })
                     extract_dash_manifest(video, formats)
-                    v_id = video.get('videoId') or video.get('id') or video_id
                     info = {
                         'id': v_id,
                         'formats': formats,
                         'thumbnail': traverse_obj(
                             video, ('thumbnailImage', 'uri'), ('preferred_thumbnail', 'image', 'uri')),
-                        'uploader_id': try_get(video, lambda x: x['owner']['id']),
-                        'timestamp': int_or_none(video.get('publish_time')),
-                        'duration': float_or_none(video.get('playable_duration_in_ms'), 1000),
+                        'uploader_id': traverse_obj(video, ('owner', 'id', {str_or_none})),
+                        'timestamp': traverse_obj(video, 'publish_time', 'creation_time', expected_type=int_or_none),
+                        'duration': (float_or_none(video.get('playable_duration_in_ms'), 1000)
+                                     or float_or_none(video.get('length_in_second'))),
                     }
                     process_formats(info)
                     description = try_get(video, lambda x: x['savable_description']['text'])
@@ -672,9 +719,11 @@ def parse_attachment(attachment, key='media'):
                 for src_type in ('src', 'src_no_ratelimit'):
                     src = f[0].get('%s_%s' % (quality, src_type))
                     if src:
-                        preference = -10 if format_id == 'progressive' else -1
+                        # sd, hd formats w/o resolution info should be deprioritized below DASH
+                        # TODO: investigate if progressive or src formats still exist
+                        preference = -10 if format_id == 'progressive' else -3
                         if quality == 'hd':
-                            preference += 5
+                            preference += 1
                         formats.append({
                             'format_id': '%s_%s_%s' % (format_id, quality, src_type),
                             'url': src,
@@ -778,18 +827,18 @@ class FacebookReelIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/reel/1195289147628387',
-        'md5': 'c4ff9a7182ff9ff7d6f7a83603bae831',
+        'md5': 'f13dd37f2633595982db5ed8765474d3',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1195289147628387',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:9f5b142921b2dc57004fa13f76005f87',
-            'description': 'md5:24ea7ef062215d295bdde64e778f5474',
-            'uploader': 'Beast Camp Training',
-            'uploader_id': '1738535909799870',
-            'duration': 9.536,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'title': 'md5:b05800b5b1ad56c0ca78bd3807b6a61e',
+            'description': 'md5:22f03309b216ac84720183961441d8db',
+            'uploader': 'md5:723e6cb3091241160f20b3c5dc282af1',
+            'uploader_id': '100040874179269',
+            'duration': 9.579,
+            'timestamp': 1637502609,
             'upload_date': '20211121',
-            'timestamp': 1637502604,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
         }
     }]
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
index dd5e088fc..ba19b6cab 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_parse_qs
 from ..dependencies import websockets
+from ..networking import Request
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     WebSocketsWrapper,
     js_to_json,
-    sanitized_Request,
     traverse_obj,
     update_url_query,
     urlencode_postdata,
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def _login(self):
         }
 
         login_data = urlencode_postdata(login_form_strs)
-        request = sanitized_Request(
+        request = Request(
             'https://secure.id.fc2.com/index.php?mode=login&switch_language=en', login_data)
 
         login_results = self._download_webpage(request, None, note='Logging in', errnote='Unable to log in')
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def _login(self):
             return False
 
         # this is also needed
-        login_redir = sanitized_Request('http://id.fc2.com/?mode=redirect&login=done')
+        login_redir = Request('http://id.fc2.com/?mode=redirect&login=done')
         self._download_webpage(
             login_redir, None, note='Login redirect', errnote='Login redirect failed')
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/fifa.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/fifa.py
index 8b4db3a8a..f604cbd40 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/fifa.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/fifa.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 
 class FifaIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/(?P<locale>\w{2})/watch/([^#?]+/)?(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.fifa\.com/fifaplus/(?P<locale>\w{2})/watch/([^#?]+/)?(?P<id>\w+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.fifa.com/fifaplus/en/watch/7on10qPcnyLajDDU3ntg6y',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/filmmodu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/filmmodu.py
index 9eb550eed..1e793560d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/filmmodu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/filmmodu.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 
 class FilmmoduIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www.)?filmmodu.org/(?P<id>[^/]+-(?:turkce-dublaj-izle|altyazili-izle))'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?filmmodu\.org/(?P<id>[^/]+-(?:turkce-dublaj-izle|altyazili-izle))'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.filmmodu.org/f9-altyazili-izle',
         'md5': 'aeefd955c2a508a5bdaa3bcec8eeb0d4',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/filmon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/filmon.py
index 9a93cb984..0cd18f494 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/filmon.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/filmon.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_str,
-    compat_HTTPError,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     qualities,
     strip_or_none,
@@ -40,8 +38,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'https://www.filmon.com/api/vod/movie?id=%s' % video_id,
                 video_id)['response']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
-                errmsg = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)['reason']
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
+                errmsg = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)['reason']
                 raise ExtractorError('%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, errmsg), expected=True)
             raise
 
@@ -124,8 +122,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             channel_data = self._download_json(
                 'http://www.filmon.com/api-v2/channel/' + channel_id, channel_id)['data']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
-                errmsg = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), channel_id)['message']
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
+                errmsg = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), channel_id)['message']
                 raise ExtractorError('%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, errmsg), expected=True)
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/fox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/fox.py
index 15c0c48c1..e00e977bd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/fox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/fox.py
@@ -3,10 +3,10 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
     compat_str,
     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
 )
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 
 class FOXIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?fox\.com/watch/(?P<id>[\da-fA-F]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?fox(?:sports)?\.com/(?:watch|replay)/(?P<id>[\da-fA-F]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         # clip
         'url': 'https://www.fox.com/watch/4b765a60490325103ea69888fb2bd4e8/',
@@ -50,6 +50,10 @@ class FOXIE(InfoExtractor):
         # sports event, geo-restricted
         'url': 'https://www.fox.com/watch/b057484dade738d1f373b3e46216fa2c/',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # fox sports replay, geo-restricted
+        'url': 'https://www.foxsports.com/replay/561f3e071347a24e5e877abc56b22e89',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _HOME_PAGE_URL = 'https://www.fox.com/'
@@ -68,9 +72,9 @@ def _call_api(self, path, video_id, data=None):
                 'https://api3.fox.com/v2.0/' + path,
                 video_id, data=data, headers=headers)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                 entitlement_issues = self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)['entitlementIssues']
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)['entitlementIssues']
                 for e in entitlement_issues:
                     if e.get('errorCode') == 1005:
                         raise ExtractorError(
@@ -123,8 +127,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         try:
             m3u8_url = self._download_json(release_url, video_id)['playURL']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
-                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)
                 if error.get('exception') == 'GeoLocationBlocked':
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['US'])
                 raise ExtractorError(error['description'], expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/foxnews.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/foxnews.py
index 52172aace..6aa63614e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/foxnews.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/foxnews.py
@@ -7,8 +7,37 @@
 class FoxNewsIE(AMPIE):
     IE_NAME = 'foxnews'
     IE_DESC = 'Fox News and Fox Business Video'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<host>video\.(?:insider\.)?fox(?:news|business)\.com)/v/(?:video-embed\.html\?video_id=)?(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.(?:insider\.)?fox(?:news|business)\.com/v/(?:video-embed\.html\?video_id=)?(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://video.foxnews.com/v/6320653836112',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '6320653836112',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Tucker Carlson joins \'Gutfeld!\' to discuss his new documentary',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+                'duration': 404,
+                'upload_date': '20230217',
+                'description': 'md5:858a8a36f59e9ca897d758855bcdfa02',
+                'timestamp': 1676611344.0,
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        },
+        {
+            # From http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/08/25/univ-wisconsin-student-group-pushing-silence-certain-words
+            'url': 'http://video.insider.foxnews.com/v/video-embed.html?video_id=5099377331001&autoplay=true&share_url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/08/25/univ-wisconsin-student-group-pushing-silence-certain-words&share_title=Student%20Group:%20Saying%20%27Politically%20Correct,%27%20%27Trash%27%20and%20%27Lame%27%20Is%20Offensive&share=true',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '5099377331001',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '82416_censoring',
+                'description': '82416_censoring',
+                'upload_date': '20160826',
+                'timestamp': 1472169708.0,
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+                'duration': 521,
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        },
         {
             'url': 'http://video.foxnews.com/v/3937480/frozen-in-time/#sp=show-clips',
             'md5': '32aaded6ba3ef0d1c04e238d01031e5e',
@@ -22,6 +51,7 @@ class FoxNewsIE(AMPIE):
                 'upload_date': '20110503',
                 'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
             },
+            'skip': '404 page',
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://video.foxnews.com/v/3922535568001/rep-luis-gutierrez-on-if-obamas-immigration-plan-is-legal/#sp=show-clips',
@@ -36,10 +66,7 @@ class FoxNewsIE(AMPIE):
                 'upload_date': '20141204',
                 'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
             },
-            'params': {
-                # m3u8 download
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
+            'skip': 'm3u8 HTTP error 400 in web browser',
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://video.foxnews.com/v/video-embed.html?video_id=3937480&d=video.foxnews.com',
@@ -49,11 +76,6 @@ class FoxNewsIE(AMPIE):
             'url': 'http://video.foxbusiness.com/v/4442309889001',
             'only_matching': True,
         },
-        {
-            # From http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/08/25/univ-wisconsin-student-group-pushing-silence-certain-words
-            'url': 'http://video.insider.foxnews.com/v/video-embed.html?video_id=5099377331001&autoplay=true&share_url=http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/08/25/univ-wisconsin-student-group-pushing-silence-certain-words&share_title=Student%20Group:%20Saying%20%27Politically%20Correct,%27%20%27Trash%27%20and%20%27Lame%27%20Is%20Offensive&share=true',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
     ]
 
     @classmethod
@@ -67,10 +89,10 @@ def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
             yield f'https://video.foxnews.com/v/video-embed.html?video_id={mobj.group("video_id")}'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        host, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
         info = self._extract_feed_info(
-            'http://%s/v/feed/video/%s.js?template=fox' % (host, video_id))
+            f'https://api.foxnews.com/v3/video-player/{video_id}?callback=uid_{video_id}')
         info['id'] = video_id
         return info
 
@@ -78,6 +100,19 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 class FoxNewsVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?foxnews\.com/video/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.foxnews.com/video/6328632286112',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6328632286112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Review: 2023 Toyota Prius Prime',
+            'duration': 155,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg$',
+            'timestamp': 1685720177.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230602',
+            'description': 'md5:b69aafb125b41c1402e9744f53d6edc4',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
         'url': 'https://www.foxnews.com/video/6313058664112',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '6313058664112',
@@ -89,8 +124,7 @@ class FoxNewsVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Gutfeld! - Thursday, September 29',
             'timestamp': 1664527538,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks'],
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': '404 page',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -104,19 +138,22 @@ class FoxNewsArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     _TESTS = [{
         # data-video-id
-        'url': 'http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/09/08/buzz-about-bud-clinton-camp-denies-claims-wore-earpiece-at-forum.html',
-        'md5': '83d44e1aff1433e7a29a7b537d1700b5',
+        'url': 'https://www.foxnews.com/politics/2016/09/08/buzz-about-bud-clinton-camp-denies-claims-wore-earpiece-at-forum.html',
+        'md5': 'd2dd6ce809cedeefa96460e964821437',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '5116295019001',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Trump and Clinton asked to defend positions on Iraq War',
-            'description': 'Veterans react on \'The Kelly File\'',
+            'description': 'Veterans and Fox News host Dana Perino react on \'The Kelly File\' to NBC\'s presidential forum',
             'timestamp': 1473301045,
             'upload_date': '20160908',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 426,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         # iframe embed
-        'url': 'http://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/03/09/parkland-survivor-kyle-kashuv-on-meeting-trump-his-app-to-prevent-another-school-shooting.amp.html?__twitter_impression=true',
+        'url': 'https://www.foxnews.com/us/2018/03/09/parkland-survivor-kyle-kashuv-on-meeting-trump-his-app-to-prevent-another-school-shooting.amp.html?__twitter_impression=true',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '5748266721001',
             'ext': 'flv',
@@ -127,9 +164,7 @@ class FoxNewsArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1520594670,
             'upload_date': '20180309',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'skip': '404 page',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/08/25/univ-wisconsin-student-group-pushing-silence-certain-words',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/foxsports.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/foxsports.py
index f906a1718..8e89ccf84 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/foxsports.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/foxsports.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .uplynk import UplynkPreplayIE
-from ..utils import HEADRequest, float_or_none, make_archive_id, smuggle_url
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import float_or_none, make_archive_id, smuggle_url
 
 
 class FoxSportsIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'x-api-key': 'cf289e299efdfa39fb6316f259d1de93',
             })
         preplay_url = self._request_webpage(
-            HEADRequest(data['url']), video_id, 'Fetching preplay URL').geturl()
+            HEADRequest(data['url']), video_id, 'Fetching preplay URL').url
 
         return {
             '_type': 'url_transparent',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/fujitv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/fujitv.py
index 668bb2743..77e826e2d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/fujitv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/fujitv.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-from ..utils import HEADRequest
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 
 
 class FujiTVFODPlus7IE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
index 47c316664..41de85cc6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import string
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                 }))
             FunimationBaseIE._TOKEN = data['token']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), None)['error']
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), None)['error']
                 raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/funker530.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/funker530.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62fd7f6dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/funker530.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .rumble import RumbleEmbedIE
+from .youtube import YoutubeIE
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, clean_html, get_element_by_class, strip_or_none
+
+
+class Funker530IE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?funker530\.com/video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://funker530.com/video/azov-patrol-caught-in-open-under-automatic-grenade-launcher-fire/',
+        'md5': '085f50fea27523a388bbc22e123e09c8',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'v2qbmu4',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Azov Patrol Caught In Open Under Automatic Grenade Launcher Fire',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'uploader': 'Funker530',
+            'channel': 'Funker530',
+            'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/c-1199543',
+            'width': 1280,
+            'height': 720,
+            'fps': 25,
+            'duration': 27,
+            'upload_date': '20230608',
+            'timestamp': 1686241321,
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'description': 'md5:bea2e1f458095414e04b5ac189c2f980',
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://funker530.com/video/my-friends-joined-the-russians-civdiv/',
+        'md5': 'a42c2933391210662e93e867d7124b70',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'k-pk4bOvoac',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel': 'Civ Div',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/k-pk4bOvoac/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'uploader_id': '@CivDiv',
+            'duration': 357,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgsCiwJ88up-YyMHo7hL5-A',
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@CivDiv',
+            'channel_id': 'UCgsCiwJ88up-YyMHo7hL5-A',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:aef75ec3f59c07a0e39400f609b24429',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader': 'Civ Div',
+            'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
+            'title': 'My “Friends” joined the Russians.',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'upload_date': '20230608',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        info = {}
+        rumble_url = list(RumbleEmbedIE._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage))
+        if rumble_url:
+            info = {'url': rumble_url[0], 'ie_key': RumbleEmbedIE.ie_key()}
+        else:
+            youtube_url = list(YoutubeIE._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage))
+            if youtube_url:
+                info = {'url': youtube_url[0], 'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key()}
+        if not info:
+            raise ExtractorError('No videos found on webpage', expected=True)
+
+        return {
+            **info,
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'description': strip_or_none(self._search_regex(
+                r'(?s)(.+)About the Author', clean_html(get_element_by_class('video-desc-paragraph', webpage)),
+                'description', default=None))
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/gdcvault.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/gdcvault.py
index 2878bbd88..4265feb61 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/gdcvault.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/gdcvault.py
@@ -2,13 +2,8 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .kaltura import KalturaIE
-from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
-    remove_start,
-    sanitized_Request,
-    smuggle_url,
-    urlencode_postdata,
-)
+from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
+from ..utils import remove_start, smuggle_url, urlencode_postdata
 
 
 class GDCVaultIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -138,8 +133,8 @@ def _login(self, webpage_url, display_id):
             'password': password,
         }
 
-        request = sanitized_Request(login_url, urlencode_postdata(login_form))
-        request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
+        request = Request(login_url, urlencode_postdata(login_form))
+        request.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
         self._download_webpage(request, display_id, 'Logging in')
         start_page = self._download_webpage(webpage_url, display_id, 'Getting authenticated video page')
         self._download_webpage(logout_url, display_id, 'Logging out')
@@ -163,7 +158,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             video_url = 'http://www.gdcvault.com' + direct_url
             # resolve the url so that we can detect the correct extension
             video_url = self._request_webpage(
-                HEADRequest(video_url), video_id).geturl()
+                HEADRequest(video_url), video_id).url
 
             return {
                 'id': video_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
index 49aa5a1f5..ac7cc673f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
     ExtractorError,
     UnsupportedError,
     determine_ext,
+    determine_protocol,
     dict_get,
     extract_basic_auth,
     format_field,
@@ -32,6 +33,8 @@
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_timestamp,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    update_url_query,
+    urlhandle_detect_ext,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
     variadic,
@@ -56,6 +59,8 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'trailer',
                 'upload_date': '20100513',
+                'direct': True,
+                'timestamp': 1273772943.0,
             }
         },
         # Direct link to media delivered compressed (until Accept-Encoding is *)
@@ -99,6 +104,8 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'webm',
                 'title': '5_Lennart_Poettering_-_Systemd',
                 'upload_date': '20141120',
+                'direct': True,
+                'timestamp': 1416498816.0,
             },
             'expected_warnings': [
                 'URL could be a direct video link, returning it as such.'
@@ -131,6 +138,7 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'upload_date': '20201204',
                 },
             }],
+            'skip': 'Dead link',
         },
         # RSS feed with item with description and thumbnails
         {
@@ -143,12 +151,12 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
             'playlist': [{
                 'info_dict': {
                     'ext': 'm4a',
-                    'id': 'c1c879525ce2cb640b344507e682c36d',
+                    'id': '818a5d38-01cd-152f-2231-ee479677fa82',
                     'title': 're:Hydrogen!',
                     'description': 're:.*In this episode we are going.*',
                     'timestamp': 1567977776,
                     'upload_date': '20190908',
-                    'duration': 459,
+                    'duration': 423,
                     'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
                     'episode_number': 1,
                     'season_number': 1,
@@ -265,6 +273,7 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
+            'skip': '404 Not Found',
         },
         # MPD from http://dash-mse-test.appspot.com/media.html
         {
@@ -276,6 +285,7 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'car-20120827-manifest',
                 'formats': 'mincount:9',
                 'upload_date': '20130904',
+                'timestamp': 1378272859.0,
             },
         },
         # m3u8 served with Content-Type: audio/x-mpegURL; charset=utf-8
@@ -316,7 +326,7 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'cmQHVoWB5FY',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'upload_date': '20130224',
-                'uploader_id': 'TheVerge',
+                'uploader_id': '@TheVerge',
                 'description': r're:^Chris Ziegler takes a look at the\.*',
                 'uploader': 'The Verge',
                 'title': 'First Firefox OS phones side-by-side',
@@ -866,7 +876,7 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
             },
         },
         {
-            # Video.js embed, multiple formats
+            # Youtube embed, formerly: Video.js embed, multiple formats
             'url': 'http://ortcam.com/solidworks-урок-6-настройка-чертежа_33f9b7351.html',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'yygqldloqIk',
@@ -893,6 +903,7 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
+            'skip': '404 Not Found',
         },
         # rtl.nl embed
         {
@@ -2168,6 +2179,33 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'age_limit': 18,
             },
         },
+        {
+            'note': 'Live HLS direct link',
+            'url': 'https://d18j67ugtrocuq.cloudfront.net/out/v1/2767aec339144787926bd0322f72c6e9/index.m3u8',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'index',
+                'title': r're:index',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'Video.js VOD HLS',
+            'url': 'https://gist.githubusercontent.com/bashonly/2aae0862c50f4a4b84f220c315767208/raw/e3380d413749dabbe804c9c2d8fd9a45142475c7/videojs_hls_test.html',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'videojs_hls_test',
+                'title': 'video',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'duration': 1800,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+            },
+        },
     ]
 
     def report_following_redirect(self, new_url):
@@ -2184,12 +2222,41 @@ def report_detected(self, name, num=1, note=None):
 
         self._downloader.write_debug(f'Identified {num} {name}{format_field(note, None, "; %s")}')
 
-    def _fragment_query(self, url):
-        if self._configuration_arg('fragment_query'):
-            query_string = urllib.parse.urlparse(url).query
-            if query_string:
-                return {'extra_param_to_segment_url': query_string}
-        return {}
+    def _extra_manifest_info(self, info, manifest_url):
+        fragment_query = self._configuration_arg('fragment_query', [None], casesense=True)[0]
+        if fragment_query is not None:
+            info['extra_param_to_segment_url'] = (
+                urllib.parse.urlparse(fragment_query).query or fragment_query
+                or urllib.parse.urlparse(manifest_url).query or None)
+
+        hex_or_none = lambda x: x if re.fullmatch(r'(0x)?[\da-f]+', x, re.IGNORECASE) else None
+        info['hls_aes'] = traverse_obj(self._configuration_arg('hls_key', casesense=True), {
+            'uri': (0, {url_or_none}), 'key': (0, {hex_or_none}), 'iv': (1, {hex_or_none}),
+        }) or None
+
+        variant_query = self._configuration_arg('variant_query', [None], casesense=True)[0]
+        if variant_query is not None:
+            query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(
+                urllib.parse.urlparse(variant_query).query or variant_query
+                or urllib.parse.urlparse(manifest_url).query)
+            for fmt in self._downloader._get_formats(info):
+                fmt['url'] = update_url_query(fmt['url'], query)
+
+        # Attempt to detect live HLS or set VOD duration
+        m3u8_format = next((f for f in self._downloader._get_formats(info)
+                            if determine_protocol(f) == 'm3u8_native'), None)
+        if m3u8_format:
+            is_live = self._configuration_arg('is_live', [None])[0]
+            if is_live is not None:
+                info['live_status'] = 'not_live' if is_live == 'false' else 'is_live'
+                return
+            headers = m3u8_format.get('http_headers') or info.get('http_headers')
+            duration = self._extract_m3u8_vod_duration(
+                m3u8_format['url'], info.get('id'), note='Checking m3u8 live status',
+                errnote='Failed to download m3u8 media playlist', headers=headers)
+            if not duration:
+                info['live_status'] = 'is_live'
+            info['duration'] = info.get('duration') or duration
 
     def _extract_rss(self, url, video_id, doc):
         NS_MAP = {
@@ -2311,7 +2378,7 @@ def _extract_kvs(self, url, webpage, video_id):
             'id': flashvars['video_id'],
             'display_id': display_id,
             'title': title,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
+            'thumbnail': urljoin(url, thumbnail),
             'formats': formats,
         }
 
@@ -2372,7 +2439,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'Accept-Encoding': 'identity',
             **smuggled_data.get('http_headers', {})
         })
-        new_url = full_response.geturl()
+        new_url = full_response.url
         url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)._replace(scheme=urllib.parse.urlparse(new_url).scheme).geturl()
         if new_url != extract_basic_auth(url)[0]:
             self.report_following_redirect(new_url)
@@ -2393,20 +2460,19 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             self.report_detected('direct video link')
             headers = smuggled_data.get('http_headers', {})
             format_id = str(m.group('format_id'))
-            ext = determine_ext(url)
+            ext = determine_ext(url, default_ext=None) or urlhandle_detect_ext(full_response)
             subtitles = {}
             if format_id.endswith('mpegurl') or ext == 'm3u8':
                 formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(url, video_id, 'mp4', headers=headers)
-                info_dict.update(self._fragment_query(url))
             elif format_id.endswith('mpd') or format_id.endswith('dash+xml') or ext == 'mpd':
                 formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(url, video_id, headers=headers)
-                info_dict.update(self._fragment_query(url))
             elif format_id == 'f4m' or ext == 'f4m':
                 formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(url, video_id, headers=headers)
             else:
                 formats = [{
                     'format_id': format_id,
                     'url': url,
+                    'ext': ext,
                     'vcodec': 'none' if m.group('type') == 'audio' else None
                 }]
                 info_dict['direct'] = True
@@ -2415,6 +2481,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'subtitles': subtitles,
                 'http_headers': headers or None,
             })
+            self._extra_manifest_info(info_dict, url)
             return info_dict
 
         if not self.get_param('test', False) and not is_intentional:
@@ -2427,7 +2494,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if first_bytes.startswith(b'#EXTM3U'):
             self.report_detected('M3U playlist')
             info_dict['formats'], info_dict['subtitles'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(url, video_id, 'mp4')
-            info_dict.update(self._fragment_query(url))
+            self._extra_manifest_info(info_dict, url)
             return info_dict
 
         # Maybe it's a direct link to a video?
@@ -2471,14 +2538,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 return self.playlist_result(
                     self._parse_xspf(
                         doc, video_id, xspf_url=url,
-                        xspf_base_url=full_response.geturl()),
+                        xspf_base_url=full_response.url),
                     video_id)
             elif re.match(r'(?i)^(?:{[^}]+})?MPD$', doc.tag):
                 info_dict['formats'], info_dict['subtitles'] = self._parse_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
                     doc,
-                    mpd_base_url=full_response.geturl().rpartition('/')[0],
+                    mpd_base_url=full_response.url.rpartition('/')[0],
                     mpd_url=url)
-                info_dict.update(self._fragment_query(url))
+                self._extra_manifest_info(info_dict, url)
                 self.report_detected('DASH manifest')
                 return info_dict
             elif re.match(r'^{http://ns\.adobe\.com/f4m/[12]\.0}manifest$', doc.tag):
@@ -2504,7 +2571,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         self._downloader.write_debug('Looking for embeds')
         embeds = list(self._extract_embeds(original_url, webpage, urlh=full_response, info_dict=info_dict))
         if len(embeds) == 1:
-            return {**info_dict, **embeds[0]}
+            return merge_dicts(embeds[0], info_dict)
         elif embeds:
             return self.playlist_result(embeds, **info_dict)
         raise UnsupportedError(url)
@@ -2514,7 +2581,7 @@ def _extract_embeds(self, url, webpage, *, urlh=None, info_dict={}):
         info_dict = types.MappingProxyType(info_dict)  # Prevents accidental mutation
         video_id = traverse_obj(info_dict, 'display_id', 'id') or self._generic_id(url)
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
-        actual_url = urlh.geturl() if urlh else url
+        actual_url = urlh.url if urlh else url
 
         # Sometimes embedded video player is hidden behind percent encoding
         # (e.g. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/2448)
@@ -2567,8 +2634,7 @@ def _extract_embeds(self, url, webpage, *, urlh=None, info_dict={}):
             varname = mobj.group(1)
             sources = variadic(self._parse_json(
                 mobj.group(2), video_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=False) or [])
-            formats = []
-            subtitles = {}
+            formats, subtitles, src = [], {}, None
             for source in sources:
                 src = source.get('src')
                 if not src or not isinstance(src, str):
@@ -2591,8 +2657,6 @@ def _extract_embeds(self, url, webpage, *, urlh=None, info_dict={}):
                         m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
                     formats.extend(fmts)
                     self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
-                for fmt in formats:
-                    fmt.update(self._fragment_query(src))
 
                 if not formats:
                     formats.append({
@@ -2608,11 +2672,11 @@ def _extract_embeds(self, url, webpage, *, urlh=None, info_dict={}):
             for sub_match in re.finditer(rf'(?s){re.escape(varname)}' r'\.addRemoteTextTrack\(({.+?})\s*,\s*(?:true|false)\)', webpage):
                 sub = self._parse_json(
                     sub_match.group(1), video_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=False) or {}
-                src = str_or_none(sub.get('src'))
-                if not src:
+                sub_src = str_or_none(sub.get('src'))
+                if not sub_src:
                     continue
                 subtitles.setdefault(dict_get(sub, ('language', 'srclang')) or 'und', []).append({
-                    'url': urllib.parse.urljoin(url, src),
+                    'url': urllib.parse.urljoin(url, sub_src),
                     'name': sub.get('label'),
                     'http_headers': {
                         'Referer': actual_url,
@@ -2620,7 +2684,10 @@ def _extract_embeds(self, url, webpage, *, urlh=None, info_dict={}):
                 })
             if formats or subtitles:
                 self.report_detected('video.js embed')
-                return [{'formats': formats, 'subtitles': subtitles}]
+                info_dict = {'formats': formats, 'subtitles': subtitles}
+                if formats:
+                    self._extra_manifest_info(info_dict, src)
+                return [info_dict]
 
         # Look for generic KVS player (before json-ld bc of some urls that break otherwise)
         found = self._search_regex((
@@ -2795,10 +2862,10 @@ def filter_video(urls):
                 return [self._extract_xspf_playlist(video_url, video_id)]
             elif ext == 'm3u8':
                 entry_info_dict['formats'], entry_info_dict['subtitles'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(video_url, video_id, ext='mp4', headers=headers)
-                entry_info_dict.update(self._fragment_query(video_url))
+                self._extra_manifest_info(entry_info_dict, video_url)
             elif ext == 'mpd':
                 entry_info_dict['formats'], entry_info_dict['subtitles'] = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(video_url, video_id, headers=headers)
-                entry_info_dict.update(self._fragment_query(video_url))
+                self._extra_manifest_info(entry_info_dict, video_url)
             elif ext == 'f4m':
                 entry_info_dict['formats'] = self._extract_f4m_formats(video_url, video_id, headers=headers)
             elif re.search(r'(?i)\.(?:ism|smil)/manifest', video_url) and video_url != url:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/globalplayer.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/globalplayer.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e0c0d58fd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/globalplayer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    join_nonempty,
+    parse_duration,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_strdate,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    urlhandle_detect_ext,
+)
+
+
+class GlobalPlayerBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _get_page_props(self, url, video_id):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        return self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']
+
+    def _request_ext(self, url, video_id):
+        return urlhandle_detect_ext(self._request_webpage(  # Server rejects HEAD requests
+            url, video_id, note='Determining source extension'))
+
+    def _extract_audio(self, episode, series):
+        return {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            **traverse_obj(series, {
+                'series': 'title',
+                'series_id': 'id',
+                'thumbnail': 'imageUrl',
+                'uploader': 'itunesAuthor',  # podcasts only
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(episode, {
+                'id': 'id',
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {parse_duration}),
+                'thumbnail': 'imageUrl',
+                'url': 'streamUrl',
+                'timestamp': (('pubDate', 'startDate'), {unified_timestamp}),
+                'title': 'title',
+            }, get_all=False)
+        }
+
+
+class GlobalPlayerLiveIE(GlobalPlayerBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.globalplayer\.com/live/(?P<id>\w+)/\w+'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.globalplayer.com/live/smoothchill/uk/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2mx1E',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+            'display_id': 'smoothchill-uk',
+            'title': 're:^Smooth Chill.+$',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://herald.musicradio.com/media/f296ade8-50c9-4f60-911f-924e96873620.png',
+            'description': 'Music To Chill To',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # national station
+        'url': 'https://www.globalplayer.com/live/heart/uk/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2mwx4',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+            'description': 'turn up the feel good!',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://herald.musicradio.com/media/49b9e8cb-15bf-4bf2-8c28-a4850cc6b0f3.png',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'title': 're:^Heart UK.+$',
+            'display_id': 'heart-uk',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # regional variation
+        'url': 'https://www.globalplayer.com/live/heart/london/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'AMqg',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://herald.musicradio.com/media/49b9e8cb-15bf-4bf2-8c28-a4850cc6b0f3.png',
+            'title': 're:^Heart London.+$',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'display_id': 'heart-london',
+            'description': 'turn up the feel good!',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        station = self._get_page_props(url, video_id)['station']
+        stream_url = station['streamUrl']
+
+        return {
+            'id': station['id'],
+            'display_id': join_nonempty('brandSlug', 'slug', from_dict=station) or station.get('legacyStationPrefix'),
+            'url': stream_url,
+            'ext': self._request_ext(stream_url, video_id),
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'is_live': True,
+            **traverse_obj(station, {
+                'title': (('name', 'brandName'), {str_or_none}),
+                'description': 'tagline',
+                'thumbnail': 'brandLogo',
+            }, get_all=False),
+        }
+
+
+class GlobalPlayerLivePlaylistIE(GlobalPlayerBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.globalplayer\.com/playlists/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # "live playlist"
+        'url': 'https://www.globalplayer.com/playlists/8bLk/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '8bLk',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'description': 'md5:e10f5e10b01a7f2c14ba815509fbb38d',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.globalplayer.com/images/551379?width=450&signature=oMLPZIoi5_dBSHnTMREW0Xg76mA=',
+            'title': 're:^Classic FM Hall of Fame.+$'
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        station = self._get_page_props(url, video_id)['playlistData']
+        stream_url = station['streamUrl']
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'url': stream_url,
+            'ext': self._request_ext(stream_url, video_id),
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'is_live': True,
+            **traverse_obj(station, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+                'thumbnail': 'image',
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class GlobalPlayerAudioIE(GlobalPlayerBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.globalplayer\.com/(?:(?P<podcast>podcasts)/|catchup/\w+/\w+/)(?P<id>\w+)/?(?:$|[?#])'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # podcast
+        'url': 'https://www.globalplayer.com/podcasts/42KuaM/',
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '42KuaM',
+            'title': 'Filthy Ritual',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:60286e7d12d795bd1bbc9efc6cee643e',
+            'categories': ['Society & Culture', 'True Crime'],
+            'uploader': 'Global',
+            'description': 'md5:da5b918eac9ae319454a10a563afacf9',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # radio catchup
+        'url': 'https://www.globalplayer.com/catchup/lbc/uk/46vyD7z/',
+        'playlist_mincount': 3,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '46vyD7z',
+            'description': 'Nick Ferrari At Breakfast is Leading Britain\'s Conversation.',
+            'title': 'Nick Ferrari',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:4df24d8a226f5b2508efbcc6ae874ebf',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, podcast = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'podcast')
+        props = self._get_page_props(url, video_id)
+        series = props['podcastInfo'] if podcast else props['catchupInfo']
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': video_id,
+            'entries': [self._extract_audio(ep, series) for ep in traverse_obj(
+                        series, ('episodes', lambda _, v: v['id'] and v['streamUrl']))],
+            'categories': traverse_obj(series, ('categories', ..., 'name')) or None,
+            **traverse_obj(series, {
+                'description': 'description',
+                'thumbnail': 'imageUrl',
+                'title': 'title',
+                'uploader': 'itunesAuthor',  # podcasts only
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class GlobalPlayerAudioEpisodeIE(GlobalPlayerBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.globalplayer\.com/(?:(?P<podcast>podcasts)|catchup/\w+/\w+)/episodes/(?P<id>\w+)/?(?:$|[?#])'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # podcast
+        'url': 'https://www.globalplayer.com/podcasts/episodes/7DrfNnE/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7DrfNnE',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Filthy Ritual - Trailer',
+            'description': 'md5:1f1562fd0f01b4773b590984f94223e0',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:60286e7d12d795bd1bbc9efc6cee643e',
+            'duration': 225.0,
+            'timestamp': 1681254900,
+            'series': 'Filthy Ritual',
+            'series_id': '42KuaM',
+            'upload_date': '20230411',
+            'uploader': 'Global',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # radio catchup
+        'url': 'https://www.globalplayer.com/catchup/lbc/uk/episodes/2zGq26Vcv1fCWhddC4JAwETXWe/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2zGq26Vcv1fCWhddC4JAwETXWe',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'timestamp': 1682056800,
+            'series': 'Nick Ferrari',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:4df24d8a226f5b2508efbcc6ae874ebf',
+            'upload_date': '20230421',
+            'series_id': '46vyD7z',
+            'description': 'Nick Ferrari At Breakfast is Leading Britain\'s Conversation.',
+            'title': 'Nick Ferrari',
+            'duration': 10800.0,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, podcast = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'podcast')
+        props = self._get_page_props(url, video_id)
+        episode = props['podcastEpisode'] if podcast else props['catchupEpisode']
+
+        return self._extract_audio(
+            episode, traverse_obj(episode, 'podcast', 'show', expected_type=dict) or {})
+
+
+class GlobalPlayerVideoIE(GlobalPlayerBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.globalplayer\.com/videos/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.globalplayer.com/videos/2JsSZ7Gm2uP/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2JsSZ7Gm2uP',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:6a9f063c67c42f218e42eee7d0298bfd',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:d4498af48e15aae4839ce77b97d39550',
+            'upload_date': '20230420',
+            'title': 'Treble Malakai Bayoh sings a sublime Handel aria at Classic FM Live',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        meta = self._get_page_props(url, video_id)['videoData']
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(meta, {
+                'url': 'url',
+                'thumbnail': ('image', 'url'),
+                'title': 'title',
+                'upload_date': ('publish_date', {unified_strdate}),
+                'description': 'description',
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py
index a7be2cb76..df98f093c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
 from ..compat import (
     compat_str,
 )
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
     orderedSet,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/gmanetwork.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/gmanetwork.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62fff4ead
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/gmanetwork.py
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .dailymotion import DailymotionIE
+from .youtube import YoutubeIE
+
+
+class GMANetworkVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www)\.gmanetwork\.com/(?:\w+/){3}(?P<id>\d+)/(?P<display_id>[\w-]+)/video'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.gmanetwork.com/fullepisodes/home/running_man_philippines/168677/running-man-philippines-catch-the-thief-full-chapter-2/video?section=home',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '28BqW0AXPe0',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20220919',
+            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UChsoPNR5x-wdSO2GrOSIWqQ',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'YoüLOL',
+            'channel_id': 'UChsoPNR5x-wdSO2GrOSIWqQ',
+            'duration': 5313,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': 'count:22',
+            'uploader_id': 'UChsoPNR5x-wdSO2GrOSIWqQ',
+            'title': 'Running Man Philippines: Catch the Thief (FULL CHAPTER 2)',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChsoPNR5x-wdSO2GrOSIWqQ',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/28BqW0AXPe0/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'release_timestamp': 1663594212,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'description': 'md5:811bdcea74f9c48051824e494756e926',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'channel': 'YoüLOL',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'release_date': '20220919',
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.gmanetwork.com/fullepisodes/home/more_than_words/87059/more-than-words-full-episode-80/video?section=home',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'yiDOExw2aSA',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'channel': 'GMANetwork',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:6d00cd658394fa1a5071200d3ed4be05',
+            'duration': 1419,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20181003',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/yiDOExw2aSA/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'channel_id': 'UCKL5hAuzgFQsyrsQKgU0Qng',
+            'title': 'More Than Words: Full Episode 80 (Finale)',
+            'uploader_id': 'GMANETWORK',
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'uploader': 'GMANetwork',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKL5hAuzgFQsyrsQKgU0Qng',
+            'tags': 'count:29',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/GMANETWORK',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        content_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'display_id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        # webpage route
+        youtube_id = self._search_regex(
+            r'var\s*YOUTUBE_VIDEO\s*=\s*[\'"]+(?P<yt_id>[\w-]+)', webpage, 'youtube_id', fatal=False)
+        if youtube_id:
+            return self.url_result(youtube_id, YoutubeIE, youtube_id)
+
+        # api call route
+        # more info at https://aphrodite.gmanetwork.com/fullepisodes/assets/fullepisodes/js/dist/fullepisodes_video.js?v=1.1.11
+        network_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'NETWORK_URL\s*=\s*[\'"](?P<url>[^\'"]+)', webpage, 'network_url')
+        json_data = self._download_json(f'{network_url}api/data/content/video/{content_id}', display_id)
+        if json_data.get('video_file'):
+            return self.url_result(json_data['video_file'], YoutubeIE, json_data['video_file'])
+        else:
+            return self.url_result(json_data['dailymotion_file'], DailymotionIE, json_data['dailymotion_file'])
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/gofile.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/gofile.py
index ddbce2ee8..ef14b57d0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/gofile.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/gofile.py
@@ -60,13 +60,13 @@ def _real_initialize(self):
         account_data = self._download_json(
             'https://api.gofile.io/createAccount', None, note='Getting a new guest account')
         self._TOKEN = account_data['data']['token']
-        self._set_cookie('gofile.io', 'accountToken', self._TOKEN)
+        self._set_cookie('.gofile.io', 'accountToken', self._TOKEN)
 
     def _entries(self, file_id):
         query_params = {
             'contentId': file_id,
             'token': self._TOKEN,
-            'websiteToken': 12345,
+            'websiteToken': '7fd94ds12fds4',  # From https://gofile.io/dist/js/alljs.js
         }
         password = self.get_param('videopassword')
         if password:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/googledrive.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/googledrive.py
index 9e2ccde00..2fdec20f6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/googledrive.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/googledrive.py
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
+    extract_attributes,
     get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_id,
     int_or_none,
     lowercase_escape,
     try_get,
@@ -34,6 +36,7 @@ class GoogleDriveIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Big Buck Bunny.mp4',
             'duration': 45,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://drive.google.com/thumbnail?id=0ByeS4oOUV-49Zzh4R1J6R09zazQ',
         }
     }, {
         # video can't be watched anonymously due to view count limit reached,
@@ -207,10 +210,10 @@ def get_value(key):
                 'export': 'download',
             })
 
-        def request_source_file(source_url, kind):
+        def request_source_file(source_url, kind, data=None):
             return self._request_webpage(
                 source_url, video_id, note='Requesting %s file' % kind,
-                errnote='Unable to request %s file' % kind, fatal=False)
+                errnote='Unable to request %s file' % kind, fatal=False, data=data)
         urlh = request_source_file(source_url, 'source')
         if urlh:
             def add_source_format(urlh):
@@ -225,7 +228,7 @@ def add_source_format(urlh):
                     # Using original URLs may result in redirect loop due to
                     # google.com's cookies mistakenly used for googleusercontent.com
                     # redirect URLs (see #23919).
-                    'url': urlh.geturl(),
+                    'url': urlh.url,
                     'ext': determine_ext(title, 'mp4').lower(),
                     'format_id': 'source',
                     'quality': 1,
@@ -237,14 +240,10 @@ def add_source_format(urlh):
                     urlh, url, video_id, note='Downloading confirmation page',
                     errnote='Unable to confirm download', fatal=False)
                 if confirmation_webpage:
-                    confirm = self._search_regex(
-                        r'confirm=([^&"\']+)', confirmation_webpage,
-                        'confirmation code', default=None)
-                    if confirm:
-                        confirmed_source_url = update_url_query(source_url, {
-                            'confirm': confirm,
-                        })
-                        urlh = request_source_file(confirmed_source_url, 'confirmed source')
+                    confirmed_source_url = extract_attributes(
+                        get_element_html_by_id('download-form', confirmation_webpage) or '').get('action')
+                    if confirmed_source_url:
+                        urlh = request_source_file(confirmed_source_url, 'confirmed source', data=b'')
                         if urlh and urlh.headers.get('Content-Disposition'):
                             add_source_format(urlh)
                     else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
index 960d7d7bc..0a3c8340f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
@@ -383,9 +383,9 @@ def __get_current_timestamp():
         months = [None, 'Jan', 'Feb', 'Mar', 'Apr', 'May', 'Jun', 'Jul', 'Aug', 'Sep', 'Oct', 'Nov', 'Dec']
         days = ['Mon', 'Tue', 'Wed', 'Thu', 'Fri', 'Sat', 'Sun']
 
-        time_now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
+        time_now = datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
         format_string = "{} {} {} %H:%M:%S UTC %Y".format(days[time_now.weekday()], months[time_now.month], time_now.day)
-        time_string = datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime(format_string)
+        time_string = time_now.strftime(format_string)
         return time_string
 
     def __str__(self):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/gronkh.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/gronkh.py
index b9370e36c..1ae0a6893 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/gronkh.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/gronkh.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     OnDemandPagedList,
+    float_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     unified_strdate,
 )
@@ -19,7 +20,9 @@ class GronkhIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'H.O.R.D.E. - DAS ZWEiTE ZEiTALTER 🎲 Session 1',
             'view_count': int,
             'thumbnail': 'https://01.cdn.vod.farm/preview/9e2555d3a23bf4e5c5b7c6b3b70a9d84.jpg',
-            'upload_date': '20221111'
+            'upload_date': '20221111',
+            'chapters': 'count:3',
+            'duration': 31463,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': True}
     }, {
@@ -30,7 +33,8 @@ class GronkhIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'GTV0536, 2021-10-01 - MARTHA IS DEAD  #FREiAB1830  !FF7 !horde !archiv',
             'view_count': int,
             'thumbnail': 'https://01.cdn.vod.farm/preview/6436746cce14e25f751260a692872b9b.jpg',
-            'upload_date': '20211001'
+            'upload_date': '20211001',
+            'duration': 32058,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': True}
     }, {
@@ -56,6 +60,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'upload_date': unified_strdate(data_json.get('created_at')),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'duration': float_or_none(data_json.get('source_length')),
+            'chapters': traverse_obj(data_json, (
+                'chapters', lambda _, v: float_or_none(v['offset']) is not None, {
+                    'title': 'title',
+                    'start_time': ('offset', {float_or_none}),
+                })) or None,
         }
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hentaistigma.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hentaistigma.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ca5ffc2ae..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hentaistigma.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,37 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-
-
-class HentaiStigmaIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://hentai\.animestigma\.com/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://hentai.animestigma.com/inyouchuu-etsu-bonus/',
-        'md5': '4e3d07422a68a4cc363d8f57c8bf0d23',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'inyouchuu-etsu-bonus',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Inyouchuu Etsu Bonus',
-            'age_limit': 18,
-        }
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-
-        title = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<h2[^>]+class="posttitle"[^>]*><a[^>]*>([^<]+)</a>',
-            webpage, 'title')
-        wrap_url = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<iframe[^>]+src="([^"]+mp4)"', webpage, 'wrapper url')
-        wrap_webpage = self._download_webpage(wrap_url, video_id)
-
-        video_url = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'file\s*:\s*"([^"]+)"', wrap_webpage, 'video url')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'url': video_url,
-            'title': title,
-            'age_limit': 18,
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hketv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hketv.py
index 10879564f..e026996da 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hketv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hketv.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             # If we ever wanted to provide the final resolved URL that
             # does not require cookies, albeit with a shorter lifespan:
             #     urlh = self._downloader.urlopen(file_url)
-            #     resolved_url = urlh.geturl()
+            #     resolved_url = urlh.url
             label = fmt.get('label')
             h = self._FORMAT_HEIGHTS.get(label)
             w = h * width // height if h and width and height else None
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hollywoodreporter.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hollywoodreporter.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1f7eb89bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hollywoodreporter.py
@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+import functools
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .jwplatform import JWPlatformIE
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+)
+
+
+class HollywoodReporterIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?hollywoodreporter\.com/video/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/video/chris-pine-michelle-rodriguez-dungeons-dragons-cast-directors-on-what-it-took-to-make-film-sxsw-2023/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'zH4jZaR5',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:a9a1c073770a32f178955997712c4bd9',
+            'description': 'The cast and directors of \'Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves\' talk about their new film.',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/zH4jZaR5/poster.jpg?width=720',
+            'upload_date': '20230312',
+            'timestamp': 1678586423,
+            'duration': 242.0,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        data = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_class('vlanding-video-card__link', webpage) or '')
+        video_id = data['data-video-showcase-trigger']
+        showcase_type = data['data-video-showcase-type']
+
+        if showcase_type == 'jwplayer':
+            return self.url_result(f'jwplatform:{video_id}', JWPlatformIE)
+        elif showcase_type == 'youtube':
+            return self.url_result(video_id, 'Youtube')
+        else:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unsupported showcase type "{showcase_type}"')
+
+
+class HollywoodReporterPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?hollywoodreporter\.com/vcategory/(?P<slug>[\w-]+)-(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/vcategory/heat-vision-breakdown-57822/',
+        'playlist_mincount': 109,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '57822',
+            'title': 'heat-vision-breakdown',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _fetch_page(self, slug, pl_id, page):
+        page += 1
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(
+            f'https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/vcategory/{slug}-{pl_id}/page/{page}/',
+            pl_id, note=f'Downloading playlist page {page}')
+        section = get_element_by_class('video-playlist-river', webpage) or ''
+
+        for url in re.findall(r'<a[^>]+href="([^"]+)"[^>]+class="c-title__link', section):
+            yield self.url_result(url, HollywoodReporterIE)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        slug, pl_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(self._fetch_page, slug, pl_id), 15), pl_id, slug)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hotnewhiphop.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hotnewhiphop.py
index f8570cb86..3007fbb53 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hotnewhiphop.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hotnewhiphop.py
@@ -1,11 +1,7 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_b64decode
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    HEADRequest,
-    sanitized_Request,
-    urlencode_postdata,
-)
+from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, urlencode_postdata
 
 
 class HotNewHipHopIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -36,9 +32,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             ('mediaType', 's'),
             ('mediaId', video_id),
         ])
-        r = sanitized_Request(
+        r = Request(
             'http://www.hotnewhiphop.com/ajax/media/getActions/', data=reqdata)
-        r.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
+        r.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
         mkd = self._download_json(
             r, video_id, note='Requesting media key',
             errnote='Could not download media key')
@@ -50,7 +46,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         req = self._request_webpage(
             redirect_req, video_id,
             note='Resolving final URL', errnote='Could not resolve final URL')
-        video_url = req.geturl()
+        video_url = req.url
         if video_url.endswith('.html'):
             raise ExtractorError('Redirect failed')
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hotstar.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hotstar.py
index cea1812f1..541792b90 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hotstar.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hotstar.py
@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
 import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError, compat_str
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
@@ -83,7 +84,7 @@ class HotStarIE(HotStarBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
         https?://(?:www\.)?hotstar\.com(?:/in)?/(?!in/)
         (?:
-            (?P<type>movies|sports|episode|(?P<tv>tv))/
+            (?P<type>movies|sports|clips|episode|(?P<tv>tv|shows))/
             (?(tv)(?:[^/?#]+/){2}|[^?#]*)
         )?
         [^/?#]+/
@@ -122,6 +123,70 @@ class HotStarIE(HotStarBaseIE):
             'episode': 'Janhvi Targets Suman',
             'episode_number': 8,
         }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/anupama/1260022017/anupama-anuj-share-a-moment/1000282843',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1000282843',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Anupama, Anuj Share a Moment',
+            'season': 'Chapter 1',
+            'description': 'md5:8d74ed2248423b8b06d5c8add4d7a0c0',
+            'timestamp': 1678149000,
+            'channel': 'StarPlus',
+            'series': 'Anupama',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season_id': 7399,
+            'upload_date': '20230307',
+            'episode': 'Anupama, Anuj Share a Moment',
+            'episode_number': 853,
+            'duration': 1272,
+            'channel_id': 3,
+        },
+        'skip': 'HTTP Error 504: Gateway Time-out',  # XXX: Investigate 504 errors on some episodes
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/kana-kaanum-kaalangal/1260097087/back-to-school/1260097320',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1260097320',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Back To School',
+            'season': 'Chapter 1',
+            'description': 'md5:b0d6a4c8a650681491e7405496fc7e13',
+            'timestamp': 1650564000,
+            'channel': 'Hotstar Specials',
+            'series': 'Kana Kaanum Kaalangal',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season_id': 9441,
+            'upload_date': '20220421',
+            'episode': 'Back To School',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'duration': 1810,
+            'channel_id': 54,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/in/clips/e3-sairat-kahani-pyaar-ki/1000262286',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1000262286',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'E3 - SaiRat, Kahani Pyaar Ki',
+            'description': 'md5:e3b4b3203bc0c5396fe7d0e4948a6385',
+            'episode': 'E3 - SaiRat, Kahani Pyaar Ki',
+            'upload_date': '20210606',
+            'timestamp': 1622943900,
+            'duration': 5395,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/in/movies/premam/1000091195',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1000091195',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Premam',
+            'release_year': 2015,
+            'description': 'md5:d833c654e4187b5e34757eafb5b72d7f',
+            'timestamp': 1462149000,
+            'upload_date': '20160502',
+            'episode': 'Premam',
+            'duration': 8994,
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/movies/radha-gopalam/1000057157',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -139,6 +204,8 @@ class HotStarIE(HotStarBaseIE):
         'sports': 'match',
         'episode': 'episode',
         'tv': 'episode',
+        'shows': 'episode',
+        'clips': 'content',
         None: 'content',
     }
 
@@ -166,8 +233,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_type = self._TYPE.get(video_type, video_type)
         cookies = self._get_cookies(url)  # Cookies before any request
 
-        video_data = self._call_api_v1(f'{video_type}/detail', video_id,
-                                       query={'tas': 10000, 'contentId': video_id})['body']['results']['item']
+        video_data = traverse_obj(
+            self._call_api_v1(
+                f'{video_type}/detail', video_id, fatal=False, query={'tas': 10000, 'contentId': video_id}),
+            ('body', 'results', 'item', {dict})) or {}
         if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and video_data.get('drmProtected'):
             self.report_drm(video_id)
 
@@ -213,7 +282,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                         'height': int_or_none(playback_set.get('height')),
                     }]
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                     geo_restricted = True
                 continue
 
@@ -252,6 +321,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'description': video_data.get('description'),
             'duration': int_or_none(video_data.get('duration')),
             'timestamp': int_or_none(traverse_obj(video_data, 'broadcastDate', 'startDate')),
+            'release_year': int_or_none(video_data.get('year')),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subs,
             'channel': video_data.get('channelName'),
@@ -304,13 +374,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class HotStarPlaylistIE(HotStarBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'hotstar:playlist'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?hotstar\.com(?:/in)?/tv(?:/[^/]+){2}/list/[^/]+/t-(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?hotstar\.com(?:/in)?/(?:tv|shows)(?:/[^/]+){2}/list/[^/]+/t-(?P<id>\w+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/tv/savdhaan-india/s-26/list/popular-clips/t-3_2_26',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '3_2_26',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 20,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/shows/savdhaan-india/s-26/list/popular-clips/t-3_2_26',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/tv/savdhaan-india/s-26/list/extras/t-2480',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -327,7 +400,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class HotStarSeasonIE(HotStarBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'hotstar:season'
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?hotstar\.com(?:/in)?/tv/[^/]+/\w+)/seasons/[^/]+/ss-(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?hotstar\.com(?:/in)?/(?:tv|shows)/[^/]+/\w+)/seasons/[^/]+/ss-(?P<id>\w+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/tv/radhakrishn/1260000646/seasons/season-2/ss-8028',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -346,6 +419,9 @@ class HotStarSeasonIE(HotStarBaseIE):
             'id': '8208',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 19,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/bigg-boss/14714/seasons/season-4/ss-8208/',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -356,7 +432,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class HotStarSeriesIE(HotStarBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'hotstar:series'
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?hotstar\.com(?:/in)?/tv/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+))/?(?:[#?]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?hotstar\.com(?:/in)?/(?:tv|shows)/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+))/?(?:[#?]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/in/tv/radhakrishn/1260000646',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -375,6 +451,12 @@ class HotStarSeriesIE(HotStarBaseIE):
             'id': '435',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 267,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.hotstar.com/in/shows/anupama/1260022017/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1260022017',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 940,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hrefli.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hrefli.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77db2ea68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hrefli.py
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class HrefLiRedirectIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'href.li'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://href\.li/\?(?P<url>.+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://href.li/?https://www.reddit.com/r/cats/comments/12bluel/my_cat_helps_me_with_water/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=android_app&utm_name=androidcss&utm_term=1&utm_content=share_button',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self.url_result(self._match_valid_url(url).group('url'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hrti.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hrti.py
index cfec80d14..57b76e46b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hrti.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hrti.py
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import json
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     parse_age_limit,
-    sanitized_Request,
     try_get,
 )
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ def _initialize_pre_login(self):
             'application_version': self._APP_VERSION
         }
 
-        req = sanitized_Request(self._API_URL, data=json.dumps(app_data).encode('utf-8'))
+        req = Request(self._API_URL, data=json.dumps(app_data).encode('utf-8'))
         req.get_method = lambda: 'PUT'
 
         resources = self._download_json(
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                 self._login_url, None, note='Logging in', errnote='Unable to log in',
                 data=json.dumps(auth_data).encode('utf-8'))
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 406:
-                auth_info = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().encode('utf-8'), None)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 406:
+                auth_info = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().encode('utf-8'), None)
             else:
                 raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hungama.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hungama.py
index 2e9939601..cdec36838 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hungama.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hungama.py
@@ -1,19 +1,32 @@
-import re
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
+    remove_end,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
-class HungamaIE(InfoExtractor):
+class HungamaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _call_api(self, path, content_id, fatal=False):
+        return traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'https://cpage.api.hungama.com/v2/page/content/{content_id}/{path}/detail',
+            content_id, fatal=fatal, query={
+                'device': 'web',
+                'platform': 'a',
+                'storeId': '1',
+            }), ('data', {dict})) or {}
+
+
+class HungamaIE(HungamaBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     https?://
-                        (?:www\.)?hungama\.com/
+                        (?:www\.|un\.)?hungama\.com/
                         (?:
-                            (?:video|movie)/[^/]+/|
+                            (?:video|movie|short-film)/[^/]+/|
                             tv-show/(?:[^/]+/){2}\d+/episode/[^/]+/
                         )
                         (?P<id>\d+)
@@ -25,13 +38,28 @@ class HungamaIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '39349649',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Krishna Chants',
-            'description': 'Watch Krishna Chants video now. You can also watch other latest videos only at Hungama',
+            'description': ' ',
             'upload_date': '20180829',
             'duration': 264,
             'timestamp': 1535500800,
             'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.hungama.com/c/1/0dc/2ca/39349649/39349649_700x394.jpg',
-        }
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images1.hungama.com/tr:n-a_169_m/c/1/0dc/2ca/39349649/39349649_350x197.jpg?v=8',
+            'tags': 'count:6',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://un.hungama.com/short-film/adira/102524179/',
+        'md5': '2278463f5dc9db9054d0c02602d44666',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '102524179',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Adira',
+            'description': 'md5:df20cd4d41eabb33634f06de1025a4b4',
+            'upload_date': '20230417',
+            'timestamp': 1681689600,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images1.hungama.com/tr:n-a_23_m/c/1/197/ac9/102524179/102524179_350x525.jpg?v=1',
+            'tags': 'count:7',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.hungama.com/movie/kahaani-2/44129919/',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -51,14 +79,19 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'c': 'common',
                 'm': 'get_video_mdn_url',
             })
-
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(video_json['stream_url'], video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
-
-        json_ld = self._search_json_ld(
-            self._download_webpage(url, video_id, fatal=False) or '', video_id, fatal=False)
+        metadata = self._call_api('movie', video_id)
 
         return {
-            **json_ld,
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, ('head', 'data', {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('misc', 'description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int}),  # duration in JSON is incorrect if string
+                'timestamp': ('releasedate', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'view_count': ('misc', 'playcount', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('misc', 'keywords', ..., {str}),
+            })),
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': {
@@ -71,10 +104,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class HungamaSongIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?hungama\.com/song/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TEST = {
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|un\.)?hungama\.com/song/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.hungama.com/song/kitni-haseen-zindagi/2931166/',
-        'md5': 'd4a6a05a394ad0453a9bea3ca00e6024',
+        'md5': '964f46828e8b250aa35e5fdcfdcac367',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '2931166',
             'ext': 'mp3',
@@ -83,8 +116,22 @@ class HungamaSongIE(InfoExtractor):
             'artist': 'Lucky Ali',
             'album': None,
             'release_year': 2000,
-        }
-    }
+            'thumbnail': 'https://stat2.hungama.ind.in/assets/images/default_images/da-200x200.png',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://un.hungama.com/song/tum-kya-mile-from-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani/103553672',
+        'md5': '964f46828e8b250aa35e5fdcfdcac367',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '103553672',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'md5:5ebeb1e10771b634ce5f700ce68ae5f4',
+            'track': 'Tum Kya Mile (From "Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani")',
+            'artist': 'Pritam Chakraborty, Arijit Singh, Shreya Ghoshal, Amitabh Bhattacharya',
+            'album': 'Tum Kya Mile (From "Rocky Aur Rani Kii Prem Kahaani")',
+            'release_year': 2023,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.hungama.com/c/1/7c2/c7b/103553671/103553671_200x200.jpg',
+        },
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         audio_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -122,8 +169,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class HungamaAlbumPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?hungama\.com/(?:playlists|album)/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
+class HungamaAlbumPlaylistIE(HungamaBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|un\.)?hungama\.com/(?P<path>playlists|album)/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.hungama.com/album/bhuj-the-pride-of-india/69481490/',
         'playlist_mincount': 7,
@@ -132,16 +179,24 @@ class HungamaAlbumPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.hungama.com/playlists/hindi-jan-to-june-2021/123063/',
-        'playlist_mincount': 50,
+        'playlist_mincount': 33,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '123063',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://un.hungama.com/album/what-jhumka-%3F-from-rocky-aur-rani-kii-prem-kahaani/103891805/',
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '103891805',
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        ptrn = r'<meta[^>]+?property=[\"\']?music:song:url[\"\']?[^>]+?content=[\"\']?([^\"\']+)'
-        items = re.findall(ptrn, webpage)
-        entries = [self.url_result(item, ie=HungamaSongIE.ie_key()) for item in items]
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id)
+        playlist_id, path = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'path')
+        data = self._call_api(remove_end(path, 's'), playlist_id, fatal=True)
+
+        def entries():
+            for song_url in traverse_obj(data, ('body', 'rows', ..., 'data', 'misc', 'share', {url_or_none})):
+                yield self.url_result(song_url, HungamaSongIE)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(), playlist_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/idolplus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/idolplus.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c905b071
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/idolplus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,115 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import traverse_obj, try_call, url_or_none
+
+
+class IdolPlusIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?idolplus\.com/z[us]/(?:concert/|contents/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?albumId=)(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://idolplus.com/zs/contents?albumId=M012077298PPV00',
+        'md5': '2ace3f4661c943a2f7e79f0b88cea1e7',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'M012077298PPV00',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '[MultiCam] Aegyo on Top of Aegyo (IZ*ONE EATING TRIP)',
+            'release_date': '20200707',
+            'formats': 'count:65',
+        },
+        'params': {'format': '532-KIM_MINJU'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://idolplus.com/zs/contents?albumId=M01232H058PPV00&catId=E9TX5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'M01232H058PPV00',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'YENA (CIRCLE CHART MUSIC AWARDS 2022 RED CARPET)',
+            'release_date': '20230218',
+            'formats': 'count:5',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        # live stream
+        'url': 'https://idolplus.com/zu/contents?albumId=M012323174PPV00',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'M012323174PPV00',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Hanteo Music Awards 2022 DAY2',
+            'release_date': '20230211',
+            'formats': 'count:5',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://idolplus.com/zs/concert/M012323039PPV00',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'M012323039PPV00',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'CIRCLE CHART MUSIC AWARDS 2022',
+            'release_date': '20230218',
+            'formats': 'count:5',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data_list = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            'https://idolplus.com/api/zs/viewdata/ruleset/build', video_id,
+            headers={'App_type': 'web', 'Country_Code': 'KR'}, query={
+                'rulesetId': 'contents',
+                'albumId': video_id,
+                'distribute': 'PRD',
+                'loggedIn': 'false',
+                'region': 'zs',
+                'countryGroup': '00010',
+                'lang': 'en',
+                'saId': '999999999998',
+            }), ('data', 'viewData', ...))
+
+        player_data = {}
+        while data_list:
+            player_data = data_list.pop()
+            if traverse_obj(player_data, 'type') == 'player':
+                break
+            elif traverse_obj(player_data, ('dataList', ...)):
+                data_list += player_data['dataList']
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(traverse_obj(player_data, (
+            'vodPlayerList', 'vodProfile', 0, 'vodServer', 0, 'video_url', {url_or_none})), video_id)
+
+        subtitles = {}
+        for caption in traverse_obj(player_data, ('vodPlayerList', 'caption')) or []:
+            subtitles.setdefault(caption.get('lang') or 'und', []).append({
+                'url': caption.get('smi_url'),
+                'ext': 'vtt',
+            })
+
+        # Add member multicams as alternative formats
+        if (traverse_obj(player_data, ('detail', 'has_cuesheet')) == 'Y'
+                and traverse_obj(player_data, ('detail', 'is_omni_member')) == 'Y'):
+            cuesheet = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+                'https://idolplus.com/gapi/contents/v1.0/content/cuesheet', video_id,
+                'Downloading JSON metadata for member multicams',
+                headers={'App_type': 'web', 'Country_Code': 'KR'}, query={
+                    'ALBUM_ID': video_id,
+                    'COUNTRY_GRP': '00010',
+                    'LANG': 'en',
+                    'SA_ID': '999999999998',
+                    'COUNTRY_CODE': 'KR',
+                }), ('data', 'cuesheet_item', 0))
+
+            for member in traverse_obj(cuesheet, ('members', ...)):
+                index = try_call(lambda: int(member['omni_view_index']) - 1)
+                member_video_url = traverse_obj(cuesheet, ('omni_view', index, 'cdn_url', 0, 'url', {url_or_none}))
+                if not member_video_url:
+                    continue
+                member_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    member_video_url, video_id, note=f'Downloading m3u8 for multicam {member["name"]}')
+                for mf in member_formats:
+                    mf['format_id'] = f'{mf["format_id"]}-{member["name"].replace(" ", "_")}'
+                formats.extend(member_formats)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': traverse_obj(player_data, ('detail', 'albumName')),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'release_date': traverse_obj(player_data, ('detail', 'broadcastDate')),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ign.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ign.py
index e4db7f9fa..1c4f105e9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ign.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ign.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import re
-import urllib.error
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_parse_qs
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
@@ -27,9 +28,9 @@ def _checked_call_api(self, slug):
         try:
             return self._call_api(slug)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 404:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404:
                 e.cause.args = e.cause.args or [
-                    e.cause.geturl(), e.cause.getcode(), e.cause.reason]
+                    e.cause.response.url, e.cause.status, e.cause.reason]
                 raise ExtractorError(
                     'Content not found: expired?', cause=e.cause,
                     expected=True)
@@ -196,10 +197,6 @@ class IGNVideoIE(IGNBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': 'https://sm.ign.com/ign_me/video/h/how-hitman/how-hitman-aims-to-be-different-than-every-other-s_8z14.jpg',
             'duration': 298,
             'tags': 'count:13',
-            'display_id': '112203',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://sm.ign.com/ign_me/video/h/how-hitman/how-hitman-aims-to-be-different-than-every-other-s_8z14.jpg',
-            'duration': 298,
-            'tags': 'count:13',
         },
         'expected_warnings': ['HTTP Error 400: Bad Request'],
     }, {
@@ -226,7 +223,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             parsed_url._replace(path=parsed_url.path.rsplit('/', 1)[0] + '/embed'))
 
         webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(embed_url, video_id)
-        new_url = urlh.geturl()
+        new_url = urlh.url
         ign_url = compat_parse_qs(
             urllib.parse.urlparse(new_url).query).get('url', [None])[-1]
         if ign_url:
@@ -323,14 +320,14 @@ def _checked_call_api(self, slug):
         try:
             return self._call_api(slug)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError):
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
                 e.cause.args = e.cause.args or [
-                    e.cause.geturl(), e.cause.getcode(), e.cause.reason]
-                if e.cause.code == 404:
+                    e.cause.response.url, e.cause.status, e.cause.reason]
+                if e.cause.status == 404:
                     raise ExtractorError(
                         'Content not found: expired?', cause=e.cause,
                         expected=True)
-                elif e.cause.code == 503:
+                elif e.cause.status == 503:
                     self.report_warning(error_to_compat_str(e.cause))
                     return
             raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/imggaming.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/imggaming.py
index 8e220fd9f..a40aa2176 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/imggaming.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/imggaming.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -52,9 +52,9 @@ def _extract_dve_api_url(self, media_id, media_type):
             return self._call_api(
                 stream_path, media_id)['playerUrlCallback']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                 raise ExtractorError(
-                    self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), media_id)['messages'][0],
+                    self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), media_id)['messages'][0],
                     expected=True)
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/indavideo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/indavideo.py
index 4fa97d8bb..564bf8a02 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/indavideo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/indavideo.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_str
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     parse_age_limit,
     parse_iso8601,
+    time_seconds,
     update_url_query,
 )
 
@@ -11,15 +11,14 @@
 class IndavideoEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:embed\.)?indavideo\.hu/player/video/|assets\.indavideo\.hu/swf/player\.swf\?.*\b(?:v(?:ID|id))=)(?P<id>[\da-f]+)'
     # Some example URLs covered by generic extractor:
-    #   http://indavideo.hu/video/Vicces_cica_1
-    #   http://index.indavideo.hu/video/2015_0728_beregszasz
-    #   http://auto.indavideo.hu/video/Sajat_utanfutoban_a_kis_tacsko
-    #   http://erotika.indavideo.hu/video/Amator_tini_punci
-    #   http://film.indavideo.hu/video/f_hrom_nagymamm_volt
-    #   http://palyazat.indavideo.hu/video/Embertelen_dal_Dodgem_egyuttes
-    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=["\'](?P<url>(?:https?:)?//embed\.indavideo\.hu/player/video/[\da-f]+)']
+    #   https://indavideo.hu/video/Vicces_cica_1
+    #   https://index.indavideo.hu/video/Hod_Nemetorszagban
+    #   https://auto.indavideo.hu/video/Sajat_utanfutoban_a_kis_tacsko
+    #   https://film.indavideo.hu/video/f_farkaslesen
+    #   https://palyazat.indavideo.hu/video/Embertelen_dal_Dodgem_egyuttes
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=["\'](?P<url>(?:https?:)//embed\.indavideo\.hu/player/video/[\da-f]+)']
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://indavideo.hu/player/video/1bdc3c6d80/',
+        'url': 'https://indavideo.hu/player/video/1bdc3c6d80/',
         'md5': 'c8a507a1c7410685f83a06eaeeaafeab',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1837039',
@@ -36,21 +35,33 @@ class IndavideoEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'tags': ['tánc', 'cica', 'cuki', 'cukiajanlo', 'newsroom'],
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://embed.indavideo.hu/player/video/1bdc3c6d80?autostart=1&hide=1',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://assets.indavideo.hu/swf/player.swf?v=fe25e500&vID=1bdc3c6d80&autostart=1&hide=1&i=1',
+        'url': 'https://embed.indavideo.hu/player/video/1bdc3c6d80?autostart=1&hide=1',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://indavideo.hu/video/Vicces_cica_1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1335611',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Vicces cica',
+            'description': 'Játszik a tablettel. :D',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'uploader': 'Jet_Pack',
+            'uploader_id': '491217',
+            'timestamp': 1390821212,
+            'upload_date': '20140127',
+            'duration': 7,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'tags': ['cica', 'Jet_Pack'],
+        },
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
         video = self._download_json(
-            'https://amfphp.indavideo.hu/SYm0json.php/player.playerHandler.getVideoData/%s' % video_id,
-            video_id)['data']
-
-        title = video['title']
+            f'https://amfphp.indavideo.hu/SYm0json.php/player.playerHandler.getVideoData/{video_id}/',
+            video_id, query={'_': time_seconds()})['data']
 
         video_urls = []
 
@@ -60,33 +71,21 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         elif isinstance(video_files, dict):
             video_urls.extend(video_files.values())
 
-        video_file = video.get('video_file')
-        if video:
-            video_urls.append(video_file)
         video_urls = list(set(video_urls))
 
-        video_prefix = video_urls[0].rsplit('/', 1)[0]
-
-        for flv_file in video.get('flv_files', []):
-            flv_url = '%s/%s' % (video_prefix, flv_file)
-            if flv_url not in video_urls:
-                video_urls.append(flv_url)
-
-        filesh = video.get('filesh')
+        filesh = video.get('filesh') or {}
 
         formats = []
         for video_url in video_urls:
             height = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                 r'\.(\d{3,4})\.mp4(?:\?|$)', video_url, 'height', default=None))
-            if filesh:
-                if not height:
-                    continue
-                token = filesh.get(compat_str(height))
-                if token is None:
-                    continue
-                video_url = update_url_query(video_url, {'token': token})
+            if not height and len(filesh) == 1:
+                height = int_or_none(list(filesh.keys())[0])
+            token = filesh.get(str(height))
+            if token is None:
+                continue
             formats.append({
-                'url': video_url,
+                'url': update_url_query(video_url, {'token': token}),
                 'height': height,
             })
 
@@ -103,7 +102,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         return {
             'id': video.get('id') or video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': video.get('title'),
             'description': video.get('description'),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'uploader': video.get('user_name'),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
index 02335138f..bfc4b7b88 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
@@ -3,9 +3,9 @@
 import json
 import re
 import time
-import urllib.error
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     decode_base_n,
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             shared_data = self._search_json(
                 r'window\._sharedData\s*=', webpage, 'shared data', video_id, fatal=False) or {}
 
-            if shared_data and self._LOGIN_URL not in urlh.geturl():
+            if shared_data and self._LOGIN_URL not in urlh.url:
                 media.update(traverse_obj(
                     shared_data, ('entry_data', 'PostPage', 0, 'graphql', 'shortcode_media'),
                     ('entry_data', 'PostPage', 0, 'media'), expected_type=dict) or {})
@@ -589,7 +589,7 @@ def _extract_graphql(self, data, url):
                 except ExtractorError as e:
                     # if it's an error caused by a bad query, and there are
                     # more GIS templates to try, ignore it and keep trying
-                    if isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+                    if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                         if gis_tmpl != gis_tmpls[-1]:
                             continue
                     raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
index e58e9c2ee..f7aa579b3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             note='Logging in')
 
         # a profile may need to be selected first, even when there is only a single one
-        if '/profile-select' in login_handle.geturl():
+        if '/profile-select' in login_handle.url:
             profile_id = self._search_regex(
                 r'data-identifier\s*=\s*["\']?(\w+)', profile_select_html, 'profile id')
 
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                 f'{self._AUTH_ROOT}/user/profile-select-perform/{profile_id}', None,
                 query={'continueUrl': '/user/login?redirect_uri=/user/'}, note='Selecting profile')
 
-        code = traverse_obj(login_handle.geturl(), ({parse_qs}, 'code', 0))
+        code = traverse_obj(login_handle.url, ({parse_qs}, 'code', 0))
         if not code:
             raise ExtractorError('Login failed', expected=True)
 
@@ -134,10 +134,17 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         ), webpage, 'real id', group='id', default=None)
 
         if not video_id:
-            nuxt_data = self._search_nuxt_data(webpage, video_id, traverse='data')
+            nuxt_data = self._search_nuxt_data(webpage, video_id, traverse='data', fatal=False)
             video_id = traverse_obj(
                 nuxt_data, (..., 'content', 'additionals', 'videoPlayId', {str}), get_all=False)
 
+        if not video_id:
+            nuxt_data = self._search_json(
+                r'<script[^>]+\bid=["\']__NUXT_DATA__["\'][^>]*>',
+                webpage, 'nuxt data', None, end_pattern=r'</script>', contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]')
+
+            video_id = traverse_obj(nuxt_data, lambda _, v: re.fullmatch(r'p\d+', v), get_all=False)
+
         if not video_id:
             self.raise_no_formats('Unable to extract video ID from webpage')
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/iqiyi.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/iqiyi.py
index ebf49e835..3368ab1d9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/iqiyi.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/iqiyi.py
@@ -499,9 +499,10 @@ class IqIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'tm': tm,
                     'qdy': 'a',
                     'qds': 0,
-                    'k_ft1': 141287244169348,
-                    'k_ft4': 34359746564,
-                    'k_ft5': 1,
+                    'k_ft1': '143486267424900',
+                    'k_ft4': '1572868',
+                    'k_ft7': '4',
+                    'k_ft5': '1',
                     'bop': JSON.stringify({
                         'version': '10.0',
                         'dfp': dfp
@@ -527,16 +528,24 @@ def _extract_vms_player_js(self, webpage, video_id):
         if player_js_cache:
             return player_js_cache
         webpack_js_url = self._proto_relative_url(self._search_regex(
-            r'<script src="((?:https?)?//stc.iqiyipic.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-\w+\.js)"', webpage, 'webpack URL'))
+            r'<script src="((?:https?:)?//stc\.iqiyipic\.com/_next/static/chunks/webpack-\w+\.js)"', webpage, 'webpack URL'))
         webpack_js = self._download_webpage(webpack_js_url, video_id, note='Downloading webpack JS', errnote='Unable to download webpack JS')
+
         webpack_map = self._search_json(
             r'["\']\s*\+\s*', webpack_js, 'JS locations', video_id,
             contains_pattern=r'{\s*(?:\d+\s*:\s*["\'][\da-f]+["\']\s*,?\s*)+}',
             end_pattern=r'\[\w+\]\+["\']\.js', transform_source=js_to_json)
 
+        replacement_map = self._search_json(
+            r'["\']\s*\+\(\s*', webpack_js, 'replacement map', video_id,
+            contains_pattern=r'{\s*(?:\d+\s*:\s*["\'][\w.-]+["\']\s*,?\s*)+}',
+            end_pattern=r'\[\w+\]\|\|\w+\)\+["\']\.', transform_source=js_to_json,
+            fatal=False) or {}
+
         for module_index in reversed(webpack_map):
+            real_module = replacement_map.get(module_index) or module_index
             module_js = self._download_webpage(
-                f'https://stc.iqiyipic.com/_next/static/chunks/{module_index}.{webpack_map[module_index]}.js',
+                f'https://stc.iqiyipic.com/_next/static/chunks/{real_module}.{webpack_map[module_index]}.js',
                 video_id, note=f'Downloading #{module_index} module JS', errnote='Unable to download module JS', fatal=False) or ''
             if 'vms request' in module_js:
                 self.cache.store('iq', 'player_js', module_js)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/itprotv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/itprotv.py
index 4ac12603a..b9d5c196d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/itprotv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/itprotv.py
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ def _check_if_logged_in(self, webpage):
 
 
 class ITProTVIE(ITProTVBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https://app.itpro.tv/course/(?P<course>[\w-]+)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://app\.itpro\.tv/course/(?P<course>[\w-]+)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://app.itpro.tv/course/guided-tour/introductionitprotv',
         'md5': 'bca4a28c2667fd1a63052e71a94bb88c',
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class ITProTVCourseIE(ITProTVBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://app.itpro.tv/course/(?P<id>[\w-]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://app\.itpro\.tv/course/(?P<id>[\w-]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://app.itpro.tv/course/guided-tour',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/iwara.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/iwara.py
index 62a179700..e23fdfd6a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/iwara.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/iwara.py
@@ -1,23 +1,83 @@
 import functools
 import urllib.parse
+import urllib.error
 import hashlib
+import json
+import time
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     OnDemandPagedList,
     int_or_none,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
     mimetype2ext,
+    qualities,
     traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
 )
 
 
-class IwaraIE(InfoExtractor):
+class IwaraBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'iwara'
+    _USERTOKEN = None
+    _MEDIATOKEN = None
+
+    def _is_token_expired(self, token, token_type):
+        # User token TTL == ~3 weeks, Media token TTL == ~1 hour
+        if (try_call(lambda: jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp']) or 0) <= int(time.time() - 120):
+            self.to_screen(f'{token_type} token has expired')
+            return True
+
+    def _get_user_token(self):
+        username, password = self._get_login_info()
+        if not username or not password:
+            return
+
+        user_token = IwaraBaseIE._USERTOKEN or self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, username)
+        if not user_token or self._is_token_expired(user_token, 'User'):
+            response = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.iwara.tv/user/login', None, note='Logging in',
+                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps({
+                    'email': username,
+                    'password': password
+                }).encode(), expected_status=lambda x: True)
+            user_token = traverse_obj(response, ('token', {str}))
+            if not user_token:
+                error = traverse_obj(response, ('message', {str}))
+                if 'invalidLogin' in error:
+                    raise ExtractorError('Invalid login credentials', expected=True)
+                else:
+                    raise ExtractorError(f'Iwara API said: {error or "nothing"}')
+
+            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, username, user_token)
+
+        IwaraBaseIE._USERTOKEN = user_token
+
+    def _get_media_token(self):
+        self._get_user_token()
+        if not IwaraBaseIE._USERTOKEN:
+            return  # user has not passed credentials
+
+        if not IwaraBaseIE._MEDIATOKEN or self._is_token_expired(IwaraBaseIE._MEDIATOKEN, 'Media'):
+            IwaraBaseIE._MEDIATOKEN = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.iwara.tv/user/token', None, note='Fetching media token',
+                data=b'', headers={
+                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {IwaraBaseIE._USERTOKEN}',
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/json'
+                })['accessToken']
+
+        return {'Authorization': f'Bearer {IwaraBaseIE._MEDIATOKEN}'}
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        self._get_media_token()
+
+
+class IwaraIE(IwaraBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'iwara'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?iwara\.tv/video/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|ecchi\.)?iwara\.tv/videos?/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        # this video cannot be played because of migration
-        'only_matching': True,
         'url': 'https://www.iwara.tv/video/k2ayoueezfkx6gvq',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'k2ayoueezfkx6gvq',
@@ -34,25 +94,52 @@ class IwaraIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1677843869,
             'modified_timestamp': 1679056362,
         },
+        'skip': 'this video cannot be played because of migration',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://iwara.tv/video/1ywe1sbkqwumpdxz5/',
-        'md5': '20691ce1473ec2766c0788e14c60ce66',
+        'md5': '7645f966f069b8ec9210efd9130c9aad',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1ywe1sbkqwumpdxz5',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'age_limit': 18,
-            'title': 'Aponia 阿波尼亚SEX  Party Tonight 手动脱衣 大奶 裸腿',
-            'description': 'md5:0c4c310f2e0592d68b9f771d348329ca',
-            'uploader': '龙也zZZ',
+            'title': 'Aponia アポニア SEX  Party Tonight 手の脱衣 巨乳 ',
+            'description': 'md5:3f60016fff22060eef1ef26d430b1f67',
+            'uploader': 'Lyu ya',
             'uploader_id': 'user792540',
             'tags': [
                 'uncategorized'
             ],
-            'like_count': 1809,
-            'view_count': 25156,
-            'comment_count': 1,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
             'timestamp': 1678732213,
-            'modified_timestamp': 1679110271,
+            'modified_timestamp': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://files.iwara.tv/image/thumbnail/581d12b5-46f4-4f15-beb2-cfe2cde5d13d/thumbnail-00.jpg',
+            'modified_date': '20230614',
+            'upload_date': '20230313',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://iwara.tv/video/blggmfno8ghl725bg',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'blggmfno8ghl725bg',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'title': 'お外でおしっこしちゃう猫耳ロリメイド',
+            'description': 'md5:0342ba9bf6db09edbbb28729657c3611',
+            'uploader': 'Fe_Kurosabi',
+            'uploader_id': 'fekurosabi',
+            'tags': [
+                'pee'
+            ],
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1598880567,
+            'modified_timestamp': int,
+            'upload_date': '20200831',
+            'modified_date': '20230605',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://files.iwara.tv/image/thumbnail/7693e881-d302-42a4-a780-f16d66b5dadd/thumbnail-00.jpg',
+            # 'availability': 'needs_auth',
         },
     }]
 
@@ -63,19 +150,37 @@ def _extract_formats(self, video_id, fileurl):
         # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6549#issuecomment-1473771047
         x_version = hashlib.sha1('_'.join((paths[-1], q['expires'][0], '5nFp9kmbNnHdAFhaqMvt')).encode()).hexdigest()
 
+        preference = qualities(['preview', '360', '540', 'Source'])
+
         files = self._download_json(fileurl, video_id, headers={'X-Version': x_version})
         for fmt in files:
             yield traverse_obj(fmt, {
                 'format_id': 'name',
                 'url': ('src', ('view', 'download'), {self._proto_relative_url}),
                 'ext': ('type', {mimetype2ext}),
-                'quality': ('name', {lambda x: int_or_none(x) or 1e4}),
+                'quality': ('name', {preference}),
                 'height': ('name', {int_or_none}),
             }, get_all=False)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        video_data = self._download_json(f'http://api.iwara.tv/video/{video_id}', video_id)
+        username, _ = self._get_login_info()
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.iwara.tv/video/{video_id}', video_id,
+            expected_status=lambda x: True, headers=self._get_media_token())
+        errmsg = video_data.get('message')
+        # at this point we can actually get uploaded user info, but do we need it?
+        if errmsg == 'errors.privateVideo':
+            self.raise_login_required('Private video. Login if you have permissions to watch', method='password')
+        elif errmsg == 'errors.notFound' and not username:
+            self.raise_login_required('Video may need login to view', method='password')
+        elif errmsg:  # None if success
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Iwara says: {errmsg}')
+
+        if not video_data.get('fileUrl'):
+            if video_data.get('embedUrl'):
+                return self.url_result(video_data.get('embedUrl'))
+            raise ExtractorError('This video is unplayable', expected=True)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
@@ -98,7 +203,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class IwaraUserIE(InfoExtractor):
+class IwaraUserIE(IwaraBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?iwara\.tv/profile/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
     IE_NAME = 'iwara:user'
     _PER_PAGE = 32
@@ -107,12 +212,14 @@ class IwaraUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://iwara.tv/profile/user792540/videos',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'user792540',
+            'title': 'Lyu ya',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 80,
+        'playlist_mincount': 70,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://iwara.tv/profile/theblackbirdcalls/videos',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'theblackbirdcalls',
+            'title': 'TheBlackbirdCalls',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 723,
     }, {
@@ -121,6 +228,13 @@ class IwaraUserIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://iwara.tv/profile/theblackbirdcalls',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.iwara.tv/profile/lumymmd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'lumymmd',
+            'title': 'Lumy MMD',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
     }]
 
     def _entries(self, playlist_id, user_id, page):
@@ -132,7 +246,7 @@ def _entries(self, playlist_id, user_id, page):
                 'sort': 'date',
                 'user': user_id,
                 'limit': self._PER_PAGE,
-            })
+            }, headers=self._get_media_token())
         for x in traverse_obj(videos, ('results', ..., 'id')):
             yield self.url_result(f'https://iwara.tv/video/{x}')
 
@@ -150,8 +264,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             playlist_id, traverse_obj(user_info, ('user', 'name')))
 
 
-class IwaraPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
-    # the ID is an UUID but I don't think it's necessary to write concrete regex
+class IwaraPlaylistIE(IwaraBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?iwara\.tv/playlist/(?P<id>[0-9a-f-]+)'
     IE_NAME = 'iwara:playlist'
     _PER_PAGE = 32
@@ -167,7 +280,8 @@ class IwaraPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _entries(self, playlist_id, first_page, page):
         videos = self._download_json(
             'https://api.iwara.tv/videos', playlist_id, f'Downloading page {page}',
-            query={'page': page, 'limit': self._PER_PAGE}) if page else first_page
+            query={'page': page, 'limit': self._PER_PAGE},
+            headers=self._get_media_token()) if page else first_page
         for x in traverse_obj(videos, ('results', ..., 'id')):
             yield self.url_result(f'https://iwara.tv/video/{x}')
 
@@ -175,7 +289,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
         page_0 = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.iwara.tv/playlist/{playlist_id}?page=0&limit={self._PER_PAGE}', playlist_id,
-            note='Requesting playlist info')
+            note='Requesting playlist info', headers=self._get_media_token())
 
         return self.playlist_result(
             OnDemandPagedList(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/jable.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/jable.py
index 84c3225e4..71fed49ea 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/jable.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jable.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 
 class JableIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?jable.tv/videos/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?jable\.tv/videos/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://jable.tv/videos/pppd-812/',
         'md5': 'f1537283a9bc073c31ff86ca35d9b2a6',
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class JablePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?jable.tv/(?:categories|models|tags)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?jable\.tv/(?:categories|models|tags)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://jable.tv/models/kaede-karen/',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/jstream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/jstream.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3e2e62712
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jstream.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import base64
+import re
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    float_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    remove_start,
+)
+
+
+class JStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
+    # group "id" only exists for compliance, not directly used in requests
+    # also all components are mandatory
+    _VALID_URL = r'jstream:(?P<host>www\d+):(?P<id>(?P<publisher>[a-z0-9]+):(?P<mid>\d+))'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'jstream:www50:eqd638pvwx:752',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'eqd638pvwx:752',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '阪神淡路大震災 激震の記録2020年版　解説動画',
+            'duration': 672,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://eqd638pvwx\.eq\.webcdn\.stream\.ne\.jp/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _parse_jsonp(self, callback, string, video_id):
+        return self._search_json(rf'\s*{re.escape(callback)}\s*\(', string, callback, video_id)
+
+    def _find_formats(self, video_id, movie_list_hls, host, publisher, subtitles):
+        for value in movie_list_hls:
+            text = value.get('text') or ''
+            if not text.startswith('auto'):
+                continue
+            m3u8_id = remove_start(remove_start(text, 'auto'), '_') or None
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                f'https://{publisher}.eq.webcdn.stream.ne.jp/{host}/{publisher}/jmc_pub/{value.get("url")}', video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=m3u8_id)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            yield from fmts
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        host, publisher, mid, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('host', 'publisher', 'mid', 'id')
+        video_info_jsonp = self._download_webpage(
+            f'https://{publisher}.eq.webcdn.stream.ne.jp/{host}/{publisher}/jmc_pub/eq_meta/v1/{mid}.jsonp',
+            video_id, 'Requesting video info')
+        video_info = self._parse_jsonp('metaDataResult', video_info_jsonp, video_id)['movie']
+        subtitles = {}
+        formats = list(self._find_formats(video_id, video_info.get('movie_list_hls'), host, publisher, subtitles))
+        self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': video_info.get('title'),
+            'duration': float_or_none(video_info.get('duration')),
+            'thumbnail': video_info.get('thumbnail_url'),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
+        # check for eligiblity of webpage
+        # https://support.eq.stream.co.jp/hc/ja/articles/115008388147-%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A4%E3%83%BCAPI%E3%81%AE%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89
+        script_tag = re.search(r'<script\s*[^>]+?src="https://ssl-cache\.stream\.ne\.jp/(?P<host>www\d+)/(?P<publisher>[a-z0-9]+)/[^"]+?/if\.js"', webpage)
+        if not script_tag:
+            return
+        host, publisher = script_tag.groups()
+        for m in re.finditer(r'(?s)PlayerFactoryIF\.create\(\s*({[^\}]+?})\s*\)\s*;', webpage):
+            # TODO: using json.loads here as InfoExtractor._parse_json is not classmethod
+            info = json.loads(js_to_json(m.group(1)))
+            mid = base64.b64decode(info.get('m')).decode()
+            yield f'jstream:{host}:{publisher}:{mid}'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/jtbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/jtbc.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..573f7492f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jtbc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class JTBCIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'jtbc.co.kr'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:
+            vod\.jtbc\.co\.kr/player/(?:program|clip)
+            |tv\.jtbc\.co\.kr/(?:replay|trailer|clip)/pr\d+/pm\d+
+        )/(?P<id>(?:ep|vo)\d+)'''
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['KR']
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://tv.jtbc.co.kr/replay/pr10011629/pm10067930/ep20216321/view',
+        'md5': 'e6ade71d8c8685bbfd6e6ce4167c6a6c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'VO10721192',
+            'display_id': 'ep20216321',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '힘쎈여자 강남순 2회 다시보기',
+            'description': 'md5:043c1d9019100ce271dba09995dbd1e2',
+            'duration': 3770.0,
+            'release_date': '20231008',
+            'age_limit': 15,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs.jtbc.co.kr//joydata/CP00000001/prog/drama/stronggirlnamsoon/img/20231008_163541_522_1.jpg',
+            'series': '힘쎈여자 강남순',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vod.jtbc.co.kr/player/program/ep20216733',
+        'md5': '217a6d190f115a75e4bda0ceaa4cd7f4',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'VO10721429',
+            'display_id': 'ep20216733',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '헬로 마이 닥터 친절한 진료실 149회 다시보기',
+            'description': 'md5:1d70788a982dd5de26874a92fcffddb8',
+            'duration': 2720.0,
+            'release_date': '20231009',
+            'age_limit': 15,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs.jtbc.co.kr//joydata/CP00000001/prog/culture/hellomydoctor/img/20231009_095002_528_1.jpg',
+            'series': '헬로 마이 닥터 친절한 진료실',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vod.jtbc.co.kr/player/clip/vo10721270',
+        'md5': '05782e2dc22a9c548aebefe62ae4328a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'VO10721270',
+            'display_id': 'vo10721270',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '뭉쳐야 찬다3 2회 예고편 - A매치로 향하는 마지막 관문💥',
+            'description': 'md5:d48b51a8655c84843b4ed8d0c39aae68',
+            'duration': 46.0,
+            'release_date': '20231015',
+            'age_limit': 15,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs.jtbc.co.kr//joydata/CP00000001/prog/enter/soccer3/img/20231008_210957_775_1.jpg',
+            'series': '뭉쳐야 찬다3',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tv.jtbc.co.kr/trailer/pr10010392/pm10032526/vo10720912/view',
+        'md5': '367d480eb3ef54a9cd7a4b4d69c4b32d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'VO10720912',
+            'display_id': 'vo10720912',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '아는 형님 404회 예고편 | 10월 14일(토) 저녁 8시 50분 방송!',
+            'description': 'md5:2743bb1079ceb85bb00060f2ad8f0280',
+            'duration': 148.0,
+            'release_date': '20231014',
+            'age_limit': 15,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs.jtbc.co.kr//joydata/CP00000001/prog/enter/jtbcbros/img/20231006_230023_802_1.jpg',
+            'series': '아는 형님',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        if display_id.startswith('vo'):
+            video_id = display_id.upper()
+        else:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+            video_id = self._search_regex(r'data-vod="(VO\d+)"', webpage, 'vod id')
+
+        playback_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.jtbc.co.kr/vod/{video_id}', video_id, note='Downloading VOD playback data')
+
+        subtitles = {}
+        for sub in traverse_obj(playback_data, ('tracks', lambda _, v: v['file'])):
+            subtitles.setdefault(sub.get('label', 'und'), []).append({'url': sub['file']})
+
+        formats = []
+        for stream_url in traverse_obj(playback_data, ('sources', 'HLS', ..., 'file', {url_or_none})):
+            stream_url = re.sub(r'/playlist(?:_pd\d+)?\.m3u8', '/index.m3u8', stream_url)
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(stream_url, video_id, fatal=False))
+
+        metadata = self._download_json(
+            'https://now-api.jtbc.co.kr/v1/vod/detail', video_id,
+            note='Downloading mobile details', fatal=False, query={'vodFileId': video_id})
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, ('vodDetail', {
+                'title': 'vodTitleView',
+                'series': 'programTitle',
+                'age_limit': ('watchAge', {int_or_none}),
+                'release_date': ('broadcastDate', {lambda x: re.match(r'\d{8}', x.replace('.', ''))}, 0),
+                'description': 'episodeContents',
+                'thumbnail': ('imgFileUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
+            'duration': parse_duration(playback_data.get('playTime')),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
+
+
+class JTBCProgramIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'JTBC:program'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:vod\.jtbc\.co\.kr/program|tv\.jtbc\.co\.kr/replay)/(?P<id>pr\d+)/(?:replay|pm\d+)/?(?:$|[?#])'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://tv.jtbc.co.kr/replay/pr10010392/pm10032710',
+        'info_dict': {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': 'pr10010392',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 398,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vod.jtbc.co.kr/program/pr10011491/replay',
+        'info_dict': {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': 'pr10011491',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 59,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        program_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        vod_list = self._download_json(
+            'https://now-api.jtbc.co.kr/v1/vodClip/programHome/programReplayVodList', program_id,
+            note='Downloading program replay list', query={
+                'programId': program_id,
+                'rowCount': '10000',
+            })
+
+        entries = [self.url_result(f'https://vod.jtbc.co.kr/player/program/{video_id}', JTBCIE, video_id)
+                   for video_id in traverse_obj(vod_list, ('programReplayVodList', ..., 'episodeId'))]
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, program_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kakao.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kakao.py
index 1f0f0a5d5..43055e89d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kakao.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kakao.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -101,8 +101,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     cdn_api_base, video_id, query=query,
                     note='Downloading video URL for profile %s' % profile_name)
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
-                    resp = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                    resp = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)
                     if resp.get('code') == 'GeoBlocked':
                         self.raise_geo_restricted()
                 raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ketnet.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ketnet.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ab6276727..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ketnet.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-from .canvas import CanvasIE
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote
-from ..utils import (
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_iso8601,
-)
-
-
-class KetnetIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ketnet\.be/(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.ketnet.be/kijken/n/nachtwacht/3/nachtwacht-s3a1-de-greystook',
-        'md5': '37b2b7bb9b3dcaa05b67058dc3a714a9',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pbs-pub-aef8b526-115e-4006-aa24-e59ff6c6ef6f$vid-ddb815bf-c8e7-467b-8879-6bad7a32cebd',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nachtwacht - Reeks 3: Aflevering 1',
-            'description': 'De Nachtwacht krijgt te maken met een parasiet',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'duration': 1468.02,
-            'timestamp': 1609225200,
-            'upload_date': '20201229',
-            'series': 'Nachtwacht',
-            'season': 'Reeks 3',
-            'episode': 'De Greystook',
-            'episode_number': 1,
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['is not a supported codec', 'Unknown MIME type'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.ketnet.be/themas/karrewiet/jaaroverzicht-20200/karrewiet-het-jaar-van-black-mamba',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        video = self._download_json(
-            'https://senior-bff.ketnet.be/graphql', display_id, query={
-                'query': '''{
-  video(id: "content/ketnet/nl/%s.model.json") {
-    description
-    episodeNr
-    imageUrl
-    mediaReference
-    programTitle
-    publicationDate
-    seasonTitle
-    subtitleVideodetail
-    titleVideodetail
-  }
-}''' % display_id,
-            })['data']['video']
-
-        mz_id = compat_urllib_parse_unquote(video['mediaReference'])
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'id': mz_id,
-            'title': video['titleVideodetail'],
-            'url': 'https://mediazone.vrt.be/api/v1/ketnet/assets/' + mz_id,
-            'thumbnail': video.get('imageUrl'),
-            'description': video.get('description'),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(video.get('publicationDate')),
-            'series': video.get('programTitle'),
-            'season': video.get('seasonTitle'),
-            'episode': video.get('subtitleVideodetail'),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(video.get('episodeNr')),
-            'ie_key': CanvasIE.ie_key(),
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
index a79ffb7a9..d12437242 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
     UserNotLive,
     float_or_none,
     merge_dicts,
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@
 
 class KickBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_initialize(self):
-        self._request_webpage(HEADRequest('https://kick.com/'), None, 'Setting up session')
+        self._request_webpage(HEADRequest('https://kick.com/'), None, 'Setting up session', fatal=False)
         xsrf_token = self._get_cookies('https://kick.com/').get('XSRF-TOKEN')
         if not xsrf_token:
             self.write_debug('kick.com did not set XSRF-TOKEN cookie')
@@ -30,7 +29,7 @@ def _call_api(self, path, display_id, note='Downloading API JSON', headers={}, *
 
 
 class KickIE(KickBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/(?!(?:video|categories|search|auth)(?:[/?#]|$))(?P<id>[\w_]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/(?!(?:video|categories|search|auth)(?:[/?#]|$))(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://kick.com/yuppy',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kommunetv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kommunetv.py
index e21e556be..a30905b57 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kommunetv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kommunetv.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 
 class KommunetvIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https://(\w+).kommunetv.no/archive/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://\w+\.kommunetv\.no/archive/(?P<id>\w+)'
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'https://oslo.kommunetv.no/archive/921',
         'md5': '5f102be308ee759be1e12b63d5da4bbc',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kuwo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kuwo.py
index cfec1c50f..e8a061a10 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kuwo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kuwo.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
             url, song_id, note='Download song detail info',
             errnote='Unable to get song detail info')
-        if song_id not in urlh.geturl() or '对不起，该歌曲由于版权问题已被下线，将返回网站首页' in webpage:
+        if song_id not in urlh.url or '对不起，该歌曲由于版权问题已被下线，将返回网站首页' in webpage:
             raise ExtractorError('this song has been offline because of copyright issues', expected=True)
 
         song_name = self._html_search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/la7.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/la7.py
index 36bfaf5c3..a3cd12b00 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/la7.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/la7.py
@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    float_or_none,
-    HEADRequest,
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_duration,
-    unified_strdate,
-)
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import float_or_none, int_or_none, parse_duration, unified_strdate
 
 
 class LA7IE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/laxarxames.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/laxarxames.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e157f7c08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/laxarxames.py
@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+import json
+
+from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import ExtractorError
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class LaXarxaMesIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?laxarxames\.cat/(?:[^/?#]+/)*?(player|movie-details)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'laxarxames'
+    _TOKEN = None
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.laxarxames.cat/player/3459421',
+        'md5': '0966f46c34275934c19af78f3df6e2bc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6339612436112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Resum | UA Horta — UD Viladecans',
+            'timestamp': 1697905186,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'description': '',
+            'upload_date': '20231021',
+            'duration': 129.44,
+            'tags': ['ott', 'esports', '23-24', ' futbol', ' futbol-partits', 'elit', 'resum'],
+            'uploader_id': '5779379807001',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Requires login',
+    }]
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if self._TOKEN:
+            return
+
+        login = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.laxarxames.cat/Authorization/SignIn', None, note='Logging in', headers={
+                'X-Tenantorigin': 'https://laxarxames.cat',
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            }, data=json.dumps({
+                'Username': username,
+                'Password': password,
+                'Device': {
+                    'PlatformCode': 'WEB',
+                    'Name': 'Mac OS ()',
+                },
+            }).encode(), expected_status=401)
+
+        self._TOKEN = traverse_obj(login, ('AuthorizationToken', 'Token', {str}))
+        if not self._TOKEN:
+            raise ExtractorError('Login failed', expected=True)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        if not self._TOKEN:
+            self.raise_login_required()
+
+        media_play_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.laxarxames.cat/Media/GetMediaPlayInfo', video_id,
+            data=json.dumps({
+                'MediaId': int(video_id),
+                'StreamType': 'MAIN'
+            }).encode(), headers={
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}',
+                'X-Tenantorigin': 'https://laxarxames.cat',
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            })
+
+        if not traverse_obj(media_play_info, ('ContentUrl', {str})):
+            self.raise_no_formats('No video found', expected=True)
+
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://players.brightcove.net/5779379807001/default_default/index.html?videoId={media_play_info["ContentUrl"]}',
+            BrightcoveNewIE, video_id, media_play_info.get('Title'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
index b5def1e07..cc37c41e8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
@@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
 import functools
 import json
+import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_str, compat_urllib_parse_unquote
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    HEADRequest,
     OnDemandPagedList,
     UnsupportedError,
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
     mimetype2ext,
     parse_qs,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
+    url_or_none,
+    urlhandle_detect_ext,
     urljoin,
 )
 
 
 class LBRYBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _BASE_URL_REGEX = r'(?:https?://(?:www\.)?(?:lbry\.tv|odysee\.com)/|lbry://)'
+    _BASE_URL_REGEX = r'(?x)(?:https?://(?:www\.)?(?:lbry\.tv|odysee\.com)/|lbry://)'
     _CLAIM_ID_REGEX = r'[0-9a-f]{1,40}'
-    _OPT_CLAIM_ID = '[^:/?#&]+(?:[:#]%s)?' % _CLAIM_ID_REGEX
+    _OPT_CLAIM_ID = '[^$@:/?#&]+(?:[:#]%s)?' % _CLAIM_ID_REGEX
     _SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES = ['video', 'audio']
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 50
 
     def _call_api_proxy(self, method, display_id, params, resource):
         headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json-rpc'}
@@ -52,48 +57,95 @@ def _permanent_url(self, url, claim_name, claim_id):
             '/%s:%s' % (claim_name, claim_id))
 
     def _parse_stream(self, stream, url):
-        stream_value = stream.get('value') or {}
-        stream_type = stream_value.get('stream_type')
-        source = stream_value.get('source') or {}
-        media = stream_value.get(stream_type) or {}
-        signing_channel = stream.get('signing_channel') or {}
-        channel_name = signing_channel.get('name')
-        channel_claim_id = signing_channel.get('claim_id')
-        channel_url = None
-        if channel_name and channel_claim_id:
-            channel_url = self._permanent_url(url, channel_name, channel_claim_id)
+        stream_type = traverse_obj(stream, ('value', 'stream_type', {str}))
+
+        info = traverse_obj(stream, {
+            'title': ('value', 'title', {str}),
+            'thumbnail': ('value', 'thumbnail', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+            'description': ('value', 'description', {str}),
+            'license': ('value', 'license', {str}),
+            'timestamp': ('timestamp', {int_or_none}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('value', 'release_time', {int_or_none}),
+            'tags': ('value', 'tags', ..., {lambda x: x or None}),
+            'duration': ('value', stream_type, 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+            'channel': ('signing_channel', 'value', 'title', {str}),
+            'channel_id': ('signing_channel', 'claim_id', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': ('signing_channel', 'name', {str}),
+        })
+
+        if info.get('uploader_id') and info.get('channel_id'):
+            info['channel_url'] = self._permanent_url(url, info['uploader_id'], info['channel_id'])
 
-        info = {
-            'thumbnail': try_get(stream_value, lambda x: x['thumbnail']['url'], compat_str),
-            'description': stream_value.get('description'),
-            'license': stream_value.get('license'),
-            'timestamp': int_or_none(stream.get('timestamp')),
-            'release_timestamp': int_or_none(stream_value.get('release_time')),
-            'tags': stream_value.get('tags'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(media.get('duration')),
-            'channel': try_get(signing_channel, lambda x: x['value']['title']),
-            'channel_id': channel_claim_id,
-            'channel_url': channel_url,
-            'ext': determine_ext(source.get('name')) or mimetype2ext(source.get('media_type')),
-            'filesize': int_or_none(source.get('size')),
-        }
-        if stream_type == 'audio':
-            info['vcodec'] = 'none'
-        else:
-            info.update({
-                'width': int_or_none(media.get('width')),
-                'height': int_or_none(media.get('height')),
-            })
         return info
 
+    def _fetch_page(self, display_id, url, params, page):
+        page += 1
+        page_params = {
+            'no_totals': True,
+            'page': page,
+            'page_size': self._PAGE_SIZE,
+            **params,
+        }
+        result = self._call_api_proxy(
+            'claim_search', display_id, page_params, f'page {page}')
+        for item in traverse_obj(result, ('items', lambda _, v: v['name'] and v['claim_id'])):
+            yield {
+                **self._parse_stream(item, url),
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'id': item['claim_id'],
+                'url': self._permanent_url(url, item['name'], item['claim_id']),
+            }
+
+    def _playlist_entries(self, url, display_id, claim_param, metadata):
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        content = qs.get('content', [None])[0]
+        params = {
+            'fee_amount': qs.get('fee_amount', ['>=0'])[0],
+            'order_by': {
+                'new': ['release_time'],
+                'top': ['effective_amount'],
+                'trending': ['trending_group', 'trending_mixed'],
+            }[qs.get('order', ['new'])[0]],
+            'claim_type': 'stream',
+            'stream_types': [content] if content in ['audio', 'video'] else self._SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES,
+            **claim_param,
+        }
+        duration = qs.get('duration', [None])[0]
+        if duration:
+            params['duration'] = {
+                'long': '>=1200',
+                'short': '<=240',
+            }[duration]
+        language = qs.get('language', ['all'])[0]
+        if language != 'all':
+            languages = [language]
+            if language == 'en':
+                languages.append('none')
+            params['any_languages'] = languages
+
+        entries = OnDemandPagedList(
+            functools.partial(self._fetch_page, display_id, url, params),
+            self._PAGE_SIZE)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            entries, display_id, **traverse_obj(metadata, ('value', {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+            })))
+
 
 class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry'
-    _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + r'(?P<id>\$/[^/]+/[^/]+/{1}|@{0}/{0}|(?!@){0})'.format(LBRYBaseIE._OPT_CLAIM_ID, LBRYBaseIE._CLAIM_ID_REGEX)
+    _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + rf'''
+        (?:\$/(?:download|embed)/)?
+        (?P<id>
+            [^$@:/?#]+/{LBRYBaseIE._CLAIM_ID_REGEX}
+            |(?:@{LBRYBaseIE._OPT_CLAIM_ID}/)?{LBRYBaseIE._OPT_CLAIM_ID}
+        )'''
     _TESTS = [{
         # Video
         'url': 'https://lbry.tv/@Mantega:1/First-day-LBRY:1',
-        'md5': 'fffd15d76062e9a985c22c7c7f2f4805',
+        'md5': '65bd7ec1f6744ada55da8e4c48a2edf9',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '17f983b61f53091fb8ea58a9c56804e4ff8cff4d',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -107,6 +159,7 @@ class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
             'height': 720,
             'thumbnail': 'https://spee.ch/7/67f2d809c263288c.png',
             'license': 'None',
+            'uploader_id': '@Mantega',
             'duration': 346,
             'channel': 'LBRY/Odysee rats united!!!',
             'channel_id': '1c8ad6a2ab4e889a71146ae4deeb23bb92dab627',
@@ -140,11 +193,11 @@ class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
             'vcodec': 'none',
             'thumbnail': 'https://spee.ch/d/0bc63b0e6bf1492d.png',
             'license': 'None',
+            'uploader_id': '@LBRYFoundation',
         }
     }, {
-        # HLS
         'url': 'https://odysee.com/@gardeningincanada:b/plants-i-will-never-grow-again.-the:e',
-        'md5': '25049011f3c8bc2f8b60ad88a031837e',
+        'md5': 'c35fac796f62a14274b4dc2addb5d0ba',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'e51671357333fe22ae88aad320bde2f6f96b1410',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -159,6 +212,7 @@ class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
             'channel': 'Gardening In Canada',
             'channel_id': 'b8be0e93b423dad221abe29545fbe8ec36e806bc',
             'channel_url': 'https://odysee.com/@gardeningincanada:b8be0e93b423dad221abe29545fbe8ec36e806bc',
+            'uploader_id': '@gardeningincanada',
             'formats': 'mincount:3',
             'thumbnail': 'https://thumbnails.lbry.com/AgHSc_HzrrE',
             'license': 'Copyrighted (contact publisher)',
@@ -184,8 +238,32 @@ class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
             'formats': 'mincount:1',
             'thumbnail': 'startswith:https://thumb',
             'license': 'None',
+            'uploader_id': '@RT',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': True}
+    }, {
+        # original quality format w/higher resolution than HLS formats
+        'url': 'https://odysee.com/@wickedtruths:2/Biotechnological-Invasion-of-Skin-(April-2023):4',
+        'md5': '305b0b3b369bde1b984961f005b67193',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '41fbfe805eb73c8d3012c0c49faa0f563274f634',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Biotechnological Invasion of Skin (April 2023)',
+            'description': 'md5:fe28689db2cb7ba3436d819ac3ffc378',
+            'channel': 'Wicked Truths',
+            'channel_id': '23d2bbf856b0ceed5b1d7c5960bcc72da5a20cb0',
+            'channel_url': 'https://odysee.com/@wickedtruths:23d2bbf856b0ceed5b1d7c5960bcc72da5a20cb0',
+            'uploader_id': '@wickedtruths',
+            'timestamp': 1695114347,
+            'upload_date': '20230919',
+            'release_timestamp': 1685617473,
+            'release_date': '20230601',
+            'duration': 1063,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://thumbs.odycdn.com/4e6d39da4df0cfdad45f64e253a15959.webp',
+            'tags': ['smart skin surveillance', 'biotechnology invasion of skin', 'morgellons'],
+            'license': 'None',
+            'protocol': 'https',  # test for direct mp4 download
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://odysee.com/@BrodieRobertson:5/apple-is-tracking-everything-you-do-on:e',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -217,45 +295,69 @@ class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        if display_id.startswith('$/'):
-            display_id = display_id.split('/', 2)[-1].replace('/', ':')
-        else:
+        if display_id.startswith('@'):
             display_id = display_id.replace(':', '#')
-        display_id = compat_urllib_parse_unquote(display_id)
+        else:
+            display_id = display_id.replace('/', ':')
+        display_id = urllib.parse.unquote(display_id)
         uri = 'lbry://' + display_id
         result = self._resolve_url(uri, display_id, 'stream')
         headers = {'Referer': 'https://odysee.com/'}
-        if result['value'].get('stream_type') in self._SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES:
+
+        formats = []
+        stream_type = traverse_obj(result, ('value', 'stream_type', {str}))
+
+        if stream_type in self._SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES:
             claim_id, is_live = result['claim_id'], False
             streaming_url = self._call_api_proxy(
                 'get', claim_id, {'uri': uri}, 'streaming url')['streaming_url']
+
+            # GET request to v3 API returns original video/audio file if available
+            direct_url = re.sub(r'/api/v\d+/', '/api/v3/', streaming_url)
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                direct_url, display_id, 'Checking for original quality', headers=headers, fatal=False)
+            if urlh and urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh) != 'm3u8':
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': direct_url,
+                    'format_id': 'original',
+                    'quality': 1,
+                    **traverse_obj(result, ('value', {
+                        'ext': ('source', (('name', {determine_ext}), ('media_type', {mimetype2ext}))),
+                        'filesize': ('source', 'size', {int_or_none}),
+                        'width': ('video', 'width', {int_or_none}),
+                        'height': ('video', 'height', {int_or_none}),
+                    }), get_all=False),
+                    'vcodec': 'none' if stream_type == 'audio' else None,
+                })
+
+            # HEAD request returns redirect response to m3u8 URL if available
             final_url = self._request_webpage(
                 HEADRequest(streaming_url), display_id, headers=headers,
-                note='Downloading streaming redirect url info').geturl()
+                note='Downloading streaming redirect url info').url
+
         elif result.get('value_type') == 'stream':
             claim_id, is_live = result['signing_channel']['claim_id'], True
             live_data = self._download_json(
                 'https://api.odysee.live/livestream/is_live', claim_id,
                 query={'channel_claim_id': claim_id},
                 note='Downloading livestream JSON metadata')['data']
-            streaming_url = final_url = live_data.get('VideoURL')
+            final_url = live_data.get('VideoURL')
             # Upcoming videos may still give VideoURL
             if not live_data.get('Live'):
-                streaming_url = final_url = None
+                final_url = None
                 self.raise_no_formats('This stream is not live', True, claim_id)
+
         else:
             raise UnsupportedError(url)
 
-        info = self._parse_stream(result, url)
         if determine_ext(final_url) == 'm3u8':
-            info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                final_url, display_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls', live=is_live, headers=headers)
-        else:
-            info['url'] = streaming_url
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                final_url, display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=is_live, headers=headers))
+
         return {
-            **info,
+            **self._parse_stream(result, url),
             'id': claim_id,
-            'title': result['value']['title'],
+            'formats': formats,
             'is_live': is_live,
             'http_headers': headers,
         }
@@ -263,7 +365,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class LBRYChannelIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry:channel'
-    _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + r'(?P<id>@%s)/?(?:[?&]|$)' % LBRYBaseIE._OPT_CLAIM_ID
+    _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + rf'(?P<id>@{LBRYBaseIE._OPT_CLAIM_ID})/?(?:[?&]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://lbry.tv/@LBRYFoundation:0',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -279,67 +381,50 @@ class LBRYChannelIE(LBRYBaseIE):
         'url': 'lbry://@lbry#3f',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
-    _PAGE_SIZE = 50
-
-    def _fetch_page(self, claim_id, url, params, page):
-        page += 1
-        page_params = {
-            'channel_ids': [claim_id],
-            'claim_type': 'stream',
-            'no_totals': True,
-            'page': page,
-            'page_size': self._PAGE_SIZE,
-        }
-        page_params.update(params)
-        result = self._call_api_proxy(
-            'claim_search', claim_id, page_params, 'page %d' % page)
-        for item in (result.get('items') or []):
-            stream_claim_name = item.get('name')
-            stream_claim_id = item.get('claim_id')
-            if not (stream_claim_name and stream_claim_id):
-                continue
-
-            info = self._parse_stream(item, url)
-            info.update({
-                '_type': 'url',
-                'id': stream_claim_id,
-                'title': try_get(item, lambda x: x['value']['title']),
-                'url': self._permanent_url(url, stream_claim_name, stream_claim_id),
-            })
-            yield info
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url).replace(':', '#')
-        result = self._resolve_url(
-            'lbry://' + display_id, display_id, 'channel')
+        result = self._resolve_url(f'lbry://{display_id}', display_id, 'channel')
         claim_id = result['claim_id']
-        qs = parse_qs(url)
-        content = qs.get('content', [None])[0]
-        params = {
-            'fee_amount': qs.get('fee_amount', ['>=0'])[0],
-            'order_by': {
-                'new': ['release_time'],
-                'top': ['effective_amount'],
-                'trending': ['trending_group', 'trending_mixed'],
-            }[qs.get('order', ['new'])[0]],
-            'stream_types': [content] if content in ['audio', 'video'] else self._SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES,
-        }
-        duration = qs.get('duration', [None])[0]
-        if duration:
-            params['duration'] = {
-                'long': '>=1200',
-                'short': '<=240',
-            }[duration]
-        language = qs.get('language', ['all'])[0]
-        if language != 'all':
-            languages = [language]
-            if language == 'en':
-                languages.append('none')
-            params['any_languages'] = languages
-        entries = OnDemandPagedList(
-            functools.partial(self._fetch_page, claim_id, url, params),
-            self._PAGE_SIZE)
-        result_value = result.get('value') or {}
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            entries, claim_id, result_value.get('title'),
-            result_value.get('description'))
+
+        return self._playlist_entries(url, claim_id, {'channel_ids': [claim_id]}, result)
+
+
+class LBRYPlaylistIE(LBRYBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'lbry:playlist'
+    _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + r'\$/(?:play)?list/(?P<id>[0-9a-f-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://odysee.com/$/playlist/ffef782f27486f0ac138bde8777f72ebdd0548c2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ffef782f27486f0ac138bde8777f72ebdd0548c2',
+            'title': 'Théâtre Classique',
+            'description': 'Théâtre Classique',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 4,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://odysee.com/$/list/9c6658b3dd21e4f2a0602d523a13150e2b48b770',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9c6658b3dd21e4f2a0602d523a13150e2b48b770',
+            'title': 'Social Media Exposed',
+            'description': 'md5:98af97317aacd5b85d595775ea37d80e',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 34,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://odysee.com/$/playlist/938fb11d-215f-4d1c-ad64-723954df2184',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '938fb11d-215f-4d1c-ad64-723954df2184',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1000,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        result = traverse_obj(self._call_api_proxy('claim_search', display_id, {
+            'claim_ids': [display_id],
+            'no_totals': True,
+            'page': 1,
+            'page_size': self._PAGE_SIZE,
+        }, 'playlist'), ('items', 0))
+        claim_param = {'claim_ids': traverse_obj(result, ('value', 'claims', ..., {str}))}
+
+        return self._playlist_entries(url, display_id, claim_param, result)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lecturio.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lecturio.py
index 973764c63..795012541 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lecturio.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lecturio.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             self._LOGIN_URL, None, 'Downloading login popup')
 
         def is_logged(url_handle):
-            return self._LOGIN_URL not in url_handle.geturl()
+            return self._LOGIN_URL not in url_handle.url
 
         # Already logged in
         if is_logged(urlh):
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ class LecturioIE(LecturioBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     https://
                         (?:
-                            app\.lecturio\.com/([^/]+/(?P<nt>[^/?#&]+)\.lecture|(?:\#/)?lecture/c/\d+/(?P<id>\d+))|
-                            (?:www\.)?lecturio\.de/[^/]+/(?P<nt_de>[^/?#&]+)\.vortrag
+                            app\.lecturio\.com/([^/?#]+/(?P<nt>[^/?#&]+)\.lecture|(?:\#/)?lecture/c/\d+/(?P<id>\d+))|
+                            (?:www\.)?lecturio\.de/(?:[^/?#]+/)+(?P<nt_de>[^/?#&]+)\.vortrag
                         )
                     '''
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -73,6 +73,9 @@ class LecturioIE(LecturioBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.lecturio.de/jura/oeffentliches-recht-staatsexamen.vortrag',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.lecturio.de/jura/oeffentliches-recht-at-1-staatsexamen/oeffentliches-recht-staatsexamen.vortrag',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://app.lecturio.com/#/lecture/c/6434/39634',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lego.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lego.py
index 811b44758..46fc7a9b6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lego.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lego.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'videoId': '%s_%s' % (uuid.UUID(video_id), locale),
                 }, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 451:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 451:
                 self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=countries)
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/limelight.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/limelight.py
index e11ec43d6..4e50f106f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/limelight.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/limelight.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     float_or_none,
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ def _call_playlist_service(self, item_id, method, fatal=True, referer=None):
                 item_id, 'Downloading PlaylistService %s JSON' % method,
                 fatal=fatal, headers=headers)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
-                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), item_id)['detail']['contentAccessPermission']
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), item_id)['detail']['contentAccessPermission']
                 if error == 'CountryDisabled':
                     self.raise_geo_restricted()
                 raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/line.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/line.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 3fab9c8a5..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/line.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,143 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_str
-from ..utils import (
-    format_field,
-    int_or_none,
-    str_or_none,
-)
-
-
-class LineLiveBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _API_BASE_URL = 'https://live-api.line-apps.com/web/v4.0/channel/'
-
-    def _parse_broadcast_item(self, item):
-        broadcast_id = compat_str(item['id'])
-        title = item['title']
-        is_live = item.get('isBroadcastingNow')
-
-        thumbnails = []
-        for thumbnail_id, thumbnail_url in (item.get('thumbnailURLs') or {}).items():
-            if not thumbnail_url:
-                continue
-            thumbnails.append({
-                'id': thumbnail_id,
-                'url': thumbnail_url,
-            })
-
-        channel = item.get('channel') or {}
-        channel_id = str_or_none(channel.get('id'))
-
-        return {
-            'id': broadcast_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'timestamp': int_or_none(item.get('createdAt')),
-            'channel': channel.get('name'),
-            'channel_id': channel_id,
-            'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://live.line.me/channels/%s'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(item.get('archiveDuration')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(item.get('viewerCount')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(item.get('chatCount')),
-            'is_live': is_live,
-        }
-
-
-class LineLiveIE(LineLiveBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://live\.line\.me/channels/(?P<channel_id>\d+)/broadcast/(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://live.line.me/channels/5833718/broadcast/18373277',
-        'md5': '2c15843b8cb3acd55009ddcb2db91f7c',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '18373277',
-            'title': '2021/12/05 （15分犬）定例譲渡会🐶',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'timestamp': 1638674925,
-            'upload_date': '20211205',
-            'thumbnail': 'md5:e1f5817e60f4a72b7e43377cf308d7ef',
-            'channel_url': 'https://live.line.me/channels/5833718',
-            'channel': 'Yahooニュース掲載🗞プロフ見てね🐕🐕',
-            'channel_id': '5833718',
-            'duration': 937,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'is_live': False,
-        }
-    }, {
-        # archiveStatus == 'DELETED'
-        'url': 'https://live.line.me/channels/4778159/broadcast/16378488',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        channel_id, broadcast_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        broadcast = self._download_json(
-            self._API_BASE_URL + '%s/broadcast/%s' % (channel_id, broadcast_id),
-            broadcast_id)
-        item = broadcast['item']
-        info = self._parse_broadcast_item(item)
-        protocol = 'm3u8' if info['is_live'] else 'm3u8_native'
-        formats = []
-        for k, v in (broadcast.get(('live' if info['is_live'] else 'archived') + 'HLSURLs') or {}).items():
-            if not v:
-                continue
-            if k == 'abr':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    v, broadcast_id, 'mp4', protocol,
-                    m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-                continue
-            f = {
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'format_id': 'hls-' + k,
-                'protocol': protocol,
-                'url': v,
-            }
-            if not k.isdigit():
-                f['vcodec'] = 'none'
-            formats.append(f)
-        if not formats:
-            archive_status = item.get('archiveStatus')
-            if archive_status != 'ARCHIVED':
-                self.raise_no_formats('this video has been ' + archive_status.lower(), expected=True)
-        info['formats'] = formats
-        return info
-
-
-class LineLiveChannelIE(LineLiveBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://live\.line\.me/channels/(?P<id>\d+)(?!/broadcast/\d+)(?:[/?&#]|$)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://live.line.me/channels/5893542',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '5893542',
-            'title': 'いくらちゃんだよぉ🦒',
-            'description': 'md5:4d418087973ad081ceb1b3481f0b1816',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 29
-    }
-
-    def _archived_broadcasts_entries(self, archived_broadcasts, channel_id):
-        while True:
-            for row in (archived_broadcasts.get('rows') or []):
-                share_url = str_or_none(row.get('shareURL'))
-                if not share_url:
-                    continue
-                info = self._parse_broadcast_item(row)
-                info.update({
-                    '_type': 'url',
-                    'url': share_url,
-                    'ie_key': LineLiveIE.ie_key(),
-                })
-                yield info
-            if not archived_broadcasts.get('hasNextPage'):
-                return
-            archived_broadcasts = self._download_json(
-                self._API_BASE_URL + channel_id + '/archived_broadcasts',
-                channel_id, query={
-                    'lastId': info['id'],
-                })
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
-        channel = self._download_json(self._API_BASE_URL + channel_id, channel_id)
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            self._archived_broadcasts_entries(channel.get('archivedBroadcasts') or {}, channel_id),
-            channel_id, channel.get('title'), channel.get('information'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/linuxacademy.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/linuxacademy.py
index 7bb64e17c..0b1644293 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/linuxacademy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/linuxacademy.py
@@ -2,11 +2,8 @@
 import random
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_b64decode,
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_str,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_b64decode, compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -107,7 +104,7 @@ def random_string():
             'sso': 'true',
         })
 
-        login_state_url = urlh.geturl()
+        login_state_url = urlh.url
 
         try:
             login_page = self._download_webpage(
@@ -119,8 +116,8 @@ def random_string():
                     'Referer': login_state_url,
                 })
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read(), None)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read(), None)
                 message = error.get('description') or error['code']
                 raise ExtractorError(
                     '%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, message), expected=True)
@@ -137,7 +134,7 @@ def random_string():
             })
 
         access_token = self._search_regex(
-            r'access_token=([^=&]+)', urlh.geturl(),
+            r'access_token=([^=&]+)', urlh.url,
             'access token', default=None)
         if not access_token:
             access_token = self._parse_json(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
index 31826ac99..2c7c7175e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
     smuggle_url,
+    traverse_obj,
     unsmuggle_url,
 )
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?litv\.tv/(?:vod|promo)/[^/]+/(?:content\.do)?\?.*?\b(?:content_)?id=(?P<id>[^&]+)'
 
-    _URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/%s/content.do?id=%s'
+    _URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/%s/content.do?content_id=%s'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/drama/content.do?brc_id=root&id=VOD00041610&isUHEnabled=true&autoPlay=1',
@@ -21,16 +21,18 @@ class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'VOD00041606',
             'title': '花千骨',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 50,
+        'playlist_count': 51,  # 50 episodes + 1 trailer
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/drama/content.do?brc_id=root&id=VOD00041610&isUHEnabled=true&autoPlay=1',
-        'md5': '969e343d9244778cb29acec608e53640',
+        'md5': 'b90ff1e9f1d8f5cfcd0a44c3e2b34c7a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00041610',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '花千骨第1集',
             'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'description': 'md5:c7017aa144c87467c4fb2909c4b05d6f',
+            'description': '《花千骨》陸劇線上看。十六年前，平靜的村莊內，一名女嬰隨異相出生，途徑此地的蜀山掌門清虛道長算出此女命運非同一般，她體內散發的異香易招惹妖魔。一念慈悲下，他在村莊周邊設下結界阻擋妖魔入侵，讓其年滿十六後去蜀山，並賜名花千骨。',
+            'categories': ['奇幻', '愛情', '中國', '仙俠'],
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
             'episode_number': 1,
         },
         'params': {
@@ -46,20 +48,17 @@ class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': '芈月傳第1集　霸星芈月降世楚國',
             'description': '楚威王二年，太史令唐昧夜觀星象，發現霸星即將現世。王后得知霸星的預言後，想盡辦法不讓孩子順利出生，幸得莒姬相護化解危機。沒想到眾人期待下出生的霸星卻是位公主，楚威王對此失望至極。楚王后命人將女嬰丟棄河中，居然奇蹟似的被少司命像攔下，楚威王認為此女非同凡響，為她取名芈月。',
         },
-        'skip': 'Georestricted to Taiwan',
+        'skip': 'No longer exists',
     }]
 
-    def _extract_playlist(self, season_list, video_id, program_info, prompt=True):
-        episode_title = program_info['title']
-        content_id = season_list['contentId']
-
+    def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_data, content_type):
         all_episodes = [
             self.url_result(smuggle_url(
-                self._URL_TEMPLATE % (program_info['contentType'], episode['contentId']),
+                self._URL_TEMPLATE % (content_type, episode['contentId']),
                 {'force_noplaylist': True}))  # To prevent infinite recursion
-            for episode in season_list['episode']]
+            for episode in traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('seasons', ..., 'episode', lambda _, v: v['contentId']))]
 
-        return self.playlist_result(all_episodes, content_id, episode_title)
+        return self.playlist_result(all_episodes, playlist_data['contentId'], playlist_data.get('title'))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
@@ -68,24 +67,31 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
+        if self._search_regex(
+                r'(?i)<meta\s[^>]*http-equiv="refresh"\s[^>]*content="[0-9]+;\s*url=https://www\.litv\.tv/"',
+                webpage, 'meta refresh redirect', default=False, group=0):
+            raise ExtractorError('No such content found', expected=True)
+
         program_info = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
             r'var\s+programInfo\s*=\s*([^;]+)', webpage, 'VOD data', default='{}'),
             video_id)
 
-        season_list = list(program_info.get('seasonList', {}).values())
-        playlist_id = traverse_obj(season_list, 0, 'contentId')
-        if self._yes_playlist(playlist_id, video_id, smuggled_data):
-            return self._extract_playlist(season_list[0], video_id, program_info)
-
-        # In browsers `getMainUrl` request is always issued. Usually this
+        # In browsers `getProgramInfo` request is always issued. Usually this
         # endpoint gives the same result as the data embedded in the webpage.
-        # If georestricted, there are no embedded data, so an extra request is
-        # necessary to get the error code
+        # If, for some reason, there are no embedded data, we do an extra request.
         if 'assetId' not in program_info:
             program_info = self._download_json(
                 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/getProgramInfo', video_id,
                 query={'contentId': video_id},
                 headers={'Accept': 'application/json'})
+
+        series_id = program_info['seriesId']
+        if self._yes_playlist(series_id, video_id, smuggled_data):
+            playlist_data = self._download_json(
+                'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/getSeriesTree', video_id,
+                query={'seriesId': series_id}, headers={'Accept': 'application/json'})
+            return self._extract_playlist(playlist_data, program_info['contentType'])
+
         video_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
             r'uiHlsUrl\s*=\s*testBackendData\(([^;]+)\);',
             webpage, 'video data', default='{}'), video_id)
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'contentType': program_info['contentType'],
             }
             video_data = self._download_json(
-                'https://www.litv.tv/vod/getMainUrl', video_id,
+                'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/getMainUrlNoAuth', video_id,
                 data=json.dumps(payload).encode('utf-8'),
                 headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
 
@@ -113,7 +119,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls')
         for a_format in formats:
             # LiTV HLS segments doesn't like compressions
-            a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Youtubedl-no-compression'] = True
+            a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Accept-Encoding'] = 'identity'
 
         title = program_info['title'] + program_info.get('secondaryMark', '')
         description = program_info.get('description')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/livestream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/livestream.py
index d883eafcf..a05a0fa9e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/livestream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/livestream.py
@@ -1,33 +1,36 @@
-import re
 import itertools
+import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_str,
-    compat_urlparse,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str, compat_urlparse
 from ..utils import (
-    find_xpath_attr,
-    xpath_attr,
-    xpath_with_ns,
-    xpath_text,
-    orderedSet,
-    update_url_query,
-    int_or_none,
-    float_or_none,
-    parse_iso8601,
     determine_ext,
+    find_xpath_attr,
+    float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
+    orderedSet,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+    update_url_query,
+    xpath_attr,
+    xpath_text,
+    xpath_with_ns,
 )
 
 
 class LivestreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'livestream'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:new\.)?livestream\.com/(?:accounts/(?P<account_id>\d+)|(?P<account_name>[^/]+))/(?:events/(?P<event_id>\d+)|(?P<event_name>[^/]+))(?:/videos/(?P<id>\d+))?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:new\.)?livestream\.com/
+        (?:accounts/(?P<account_id>\d+)|(?P<account_name>[^/]+))
+        (?:/events/(?P<event_id>\d+)|/(?P<event_name>[^/]+))?
+        (?:/videos/(?P<id>\d+))?
+    '''
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+src="(?P<url>https?://(?:new\.)?livestream\.com/[^"]+/player[^"]+)"']
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://new.livestream.com/CoheedandCambria/WebsterHall/videos/4719370',
-        'md5': '53274c76ba7754fb0e8d072716f2292b',
+        'md5': '7876c5f5dc3e711b6b73acce4aac1527',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4719370',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -37,22 +40,37 @@ class LivestreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 5968.0,
             'like_count': int,
             'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
             'thumbnail': r're:^http://.*\.jpg$'
         }
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://new.livestream.com/tedx/cityenglish',
+        'url': 'https://livestream.com/coheedandcambria/websterhall',
         'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'TEDCity2.0 (English)',
-            'id': '2245590',
+            'id': '1585861',
+            'title': 'Live From Webster Hall'
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://livestream.com/dayananda/events/7954027',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Live from Mevo',
+            'id': '7954027',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 4,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://new.livestream.com/chess24/tatasteelchess',
+        'url': 'https://livestream.com/accounts/82',
         'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Tata Steel Chess',
-            'id': '3705884',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 60,
+            'id': '253978',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'title': 'trsr',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20120306',
+            'timestamp': 1331042383,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://img.new.livestream.com/videos/0000000000000372/cacbeed6-fb68-4b5e-ad9c-e148124e68a9_640x427.jpg',
+            'duration': 15.332,
+            'ext': 'mp4'
+        }
     }, {
         'url': 'https://new.livestream.com/accounts/362/events/3557232/videos/67864563/player?autoPlay=false&height=360&mute=false&width=640',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -62,7 +80,8 @@ class LivestreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     }]
     _API_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://livestream.com/api/accounts/%s/events/%s'
 
-    def _parse_smil_formats(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_params=None, transform_rtmp_url=None):
+    def _parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(
+            self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_params=None, transform_rtmp_url=None):
         base_ele = find_xpath_attr(
             smil, self._xpath_ns('.//meta', namespace), 'name', 'httpBase')
         base = base_ele.get('content') if base_ele is not None else 'http://livestreamvod-f.akamaihd.net/'
@@ -86,7 +105,7 @@ def _parse_smil_formats(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_para
                 'tbr': tbr,
                 'preference': -1000,  # Strictly inferior than all other formats?
             })
-        return formats
+        return formats, {}
 
     def _extract_video_info(self, video_data):
         video_id = compat_str(video_data['id'])
@@ -179,7 +198,7 @@ def _extract_stream_info(self, stream_info):
             'is_live': is_live,
         }
 
-    def _extract_event(self, event_data):
+    def _generate_event_playlist(self, event_data):
         event_id = compat_str(event_data['id'])
         account_id = compat_str(event_data['owner_account_id'])
         feed_root_url = self._API_URL_TEMPLATE % (account_id, event_id) + '/feed.json'
@@ -189,7 +208,6 @@ def _extract_event(self, event_data):
             return self._extract_stream_info(stream_info)
 
         last_video = None
-        entries = []
         for i in itertools.count(1):
             if last_video is None:
                 info_url = feed_root_url
@@ -197,31 +215,38 @@ def _extract_event(self, event_data):
                 info_url = '{root}?&id={id}&newer=-1&type=video'.format(
                     root=feed_root_url, id=last_video)
             videos_info = self._download_json(
-                info_url, event_id, 'Downloading page {0}'.format(i))['data']
+                info_url, event_id, f'Downloading page {i}')['data']
             videos_info = [v['data'] for v in videos_info if v['type'] == 'video']
             if not videos_info:
                 break
             for v in videos_info:
                 v_id = compat_str(v['id'])
-                entries.append(self.url_result(
-                    'http://livestream.com/accounts/%s/events/%s/videos/%s' % (account_id, event_id, v_id),
-                    'Livestream', v_id, v.get('caption')))
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    f'http://livestream.com/accounts/{account_id}/events/{event_id}/videos/{v_id}',
+                    LivestreamIE, v_id, v.get('caption'))
             last_video = videos_info[-1]['id']
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, event_id, event_data['full_name'])
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
         video_id = mobj.group('id')
         event = mobj.group('event_id') or mobj.group('event_name')
         account = mobj.group('account_id') or mobj.group('account_name')
-        api_url = self._API_URL_TEMPLATE % (account, event)
+        api_url = f'http://livestream.com/api/accounts/{account}'
+
         if video_id:
             video_data = self._download_json(
-                api_url + '/videos/%s' % video_id, video_id)
+                f'{api_url}/events/{event}/videos/{video_id}', video_id)
             return self._extract_video_info(video_data)
-        else:
-            event_data = self._download_json(api_url, video_id)
-            return self._extract_event(event_data)
+        elif event:
+            event_data = self._download_json(f'{api_url}/events/{event}', None)
+            return self.playlist_result(
+                self._generate_event_playlist(event_data), str(event_data['id']), event_data['full_name'])
+
+        account_data = self._download_json(api_url, None)
+        items = traverse_obj(account_data, (('upcoming_events', 'past_events'), 'data', ...))
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            itertools.chain.from_iterable(map(self._generate_event_playlist, items)),
+            account_data.get('id'), account_data.get('full_name'))
 
 
 # The original version of Livestream uses a different system
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/magellantv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/magellantv.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0947a450a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/magellantv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import parse_age_limit, parse_duration, traverse_obj
+
+
+class MagellanTVIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?magellantv\.com/(?:watch|video)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/watch/my-dads-on-death-row?type=v',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'my-dads-on-death-row',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'My Dad\'s On Death Row',
+            'description': 'md5:33ba23b9f0651fc4537ed19b1d5b0d7a',
+            'duration': 3780.0,
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'tags': ['Justice', 'Reality', 'United States', 'True Crime'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/video/james-bulger-the-new-revelations',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'james-bulger-the-new-revelations',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'James Bulger: The New Revelations',
+            'description': 'md5:7b97922038bad1d0fe8d0470d8a189f2',
+            'duration': 2640.0,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'tags': ['Investigation', 'True Crime', 'Justice', 'Europe'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['reactContext']['video']['detail']
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(data['jwpVideoUrl'], video_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('metadata', 'description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {parse_duration}),
+                'age_limit': ('ratingCategory', {parse_age_limit}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py
index 387d211fe..0f0550c92 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import itertools
 import json
 import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote
@@ -140,17 +141,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'http://api.video.mail.ru/videos/%s.json?new=1' % video_id,
                 video_id, 'Downloading video JSON')
 
-        headers = {}
-
         video_key = self._get_cookies('https://my.mail.ru').get('video_key')
-        if video_key:
-            headers['Cookie'] = 'video_key=%s' % video_key.value
 
         formats = []
         for f in video_data['videos']:
             video_url = f.get('url')
             if not video_url:
                 continue
+            if video_key:
+                self._set_cookie(urllib.parse.urlparse(video_url).hostname, 'video_key', video_key.value)
             format_id = f.get('key')
             height = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
                 r'^(\d+)[pP]$', format_id, 'height', default=None)) if format_id else None
@@ -158,7 +157,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'url': video_url,
                 'format_id': format_id,
                 'height': height,
-                'http_headers': headers,
             })
 
         meta_data = video_data['meta']
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mainstreaming.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mainstreaming.py
index fe5589d59..fd9bba8bc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mainstreaming.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mainstreaming.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 
 class MainStreamingIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:webtools-?)?(?P<host>[A-Za-z0-9-]*\.msvdn.net)/(?:embed|amp_embed|content)/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:webtools-?)?(?P<host>[A-Za-z0-9-]*\.msvdn\.net)/(?:embed|amp_embed|content)/(?P<id>\w+)'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+?src=["\']?(?P<url>{_VALID_URL})["\']?']
     IE_DESC = 'MainStreaming Player'
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/massengeschmacktv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/massengeschmacktv.py
index 7dacb43e0..1490e9b21 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/massengeschmacktv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/massengeschmacktv.py
@@ -17,11 +17,12 @@ class MassengeschmackTVIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'https://massengeschmack.tv/play/fktv202',
-        'md5': 'a9e054db9c2b5a08f0a0527cc201e8d3',
+        'md5': '9996f314994a49fefe5f39aa1b07ae21',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'fktv202',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Fernsehkritik-TV - Folge 202',
+            'title': 'Fernsehkritik-TV #202',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cache.massengeschmack.tv/img/mag/fktv202.jpg'
         },
     }
 
@@ -29,9 +30,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         episode = self._match_id(url)
 
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, episode)
-        title = clean_html(self._html_search_regex(
-            '<h3>([^<]+)</h3>', webpage, 'title'))
-        thumbnail = self._search_regex(r'POSTER\s*=\s*"([^"]+)', webpage, 'thumbnail', fatal=False)
         sources = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(r'(?s)MEDIA\s*=\s*(\[.+?\]);', webpage, 'media'), episode, js_to_json)
 
         formats = []
@@ -67,7 +65,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         return {
             'id': episode,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': clean_html(self._html_search_regex(
+                r'<span[^>]+\bid=["\']clip-title["\'][^>]*>([^<]+)', webpage, 'title', fatal=False)),
             'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
+            'thumbnail': self._search_regex(r'POSTER\s*=\s*"([^"]+)', webpage, 'thumbnail', fatal=False),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mbn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mbn.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4917c4698
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mbn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class MBNIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'mbn.co.kr (매일방송)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mbn\.co\.kr/vod/programContents/preview(?:list)?/\d+/\d+/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://mbn.co.kr/vod/programContents/previewlist/861/5433/1276155',
+        'md5': '85e1694e5b247c04d1386b7e3c90fd76',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1276155',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '결국 사로잡힌 권유리, 그녀를 목숨 걸고 구하려는 정일우!',
+            'duration': 3891,
+            'release_date': '20210703',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://img.vod.mbn.co.kr/mbnvod2img/861/2021/07/03/20210703230811_20_861_1276155_360_7_0.jpg',
+            'series': '보쌈 - 운명을 훔치다',
+            'episode': 'Episode 19',
+            'episode_number': 19,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.mbn.co.kr/vod/programContents/previewlist/835/5294/1084744',
+        'md5': 'fc65d3aac85e85e0b5056f4ef99cde4a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1084744',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '김정은♥최원영, 제자리를 찾은 위험한 부부! ＂결혼은 투쟁이면서, 어려운 방식이야..＂',
+            'duration': 93,
+            'release_date': '20201124',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://img.vod.mbn.co.kr/mbnvod2img/835/2020/11/25/20201125000221_21_835_1084744_360_7_0.jpg',
+            'series': '나의 위험한 아내',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.mbn.co.kr/vod/programContents/preview/952/6088/1054797?next=1',
+        'md5': 'c711103c72aeac8323a5cf1751f10097',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1054797',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '[2차 티저] MBN 주말 미니시리즈 <완벽한 결혼의 정석> l 그녀에게 주어진 두 번째 인생',
+            'duration': 65,
+            'release_date': '20231028',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://img.vod.mbn.co.kr/vod2/952/2023/09/11/20230911130223_22_952_1054797_1080_7.jpg',
+            'series': '완벽한 결혼의 정석',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        content_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, content_id)
+
+        content_cls_cd = self._search_regex(
+            r'"\?content_cls_cd=(\d+)&', webpage, 'content cls cd', fatal=False) or '20'
+        media_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://www.mbn.co.kr/player/mbnVodPlayer_2020.mbn', content_id,
+            note='Fetching playback data', query={
+                'content_cls_cd': content_cls_cd,
+                'content_id': content_id,
+                'relay_type': '1',
+            })
+
+        formats = []
+        for stream_url in traverse_obj(media_info, ('movie_list', ..., 'url', {url_or_none})):
+            stream_url = re.sub(r'/(?:chunk|play)list(?:_pd\d+)?\.m3u8', '/manifest.m3u8', stream_url)
+            final_url = url_or_none(self._download_webpage(
+                f'https://www.mbn.co.kr/player/mbnStreamAuth_new_vod.mbn?vod_url={stream_url}',
+                content_id, note='Fetching authenticated m3u8 url'))
+
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(final_url, content_id, fatal=False))
+
+        return {
+            'id': content_id,
+            **traverse_obj(media_info, {
+                'title': ('movie_title', {str}),
+                'duration': ('play_sec', {int_or_none}),
+                'release_date': ('bcast_date', {lambda x: x.replace('.', '')}, {unified_strdate}),
+                'thumbnail': ('movie_start_Img', {url_or_none}),
+                'series': ('prog_nm', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('ad_contentnumber', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            'formats': formats,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaite.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaite.py
index 0f9079b11..32887cbde 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaite.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaite.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 
 class MediaiteIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mediaite.com(?!/category)(?:/[\w-]+){2}'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mediaite\.com(?!/category)(?:/[\w-]+){2}'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.mediaite.com/sports/bill-burr-roasts-nfl-for-promoting-black-lives-matter-while-scheduling-more-games-after-all-the-sht-they-know-about-cte/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -81,10 +81,24 @@ class MediaiteIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20210930',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': True}
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.mediaite.com/politics/i-cant-read-it-fast-enough-while-defending-trump-larry-kudlow-overwhelmed-by-volume-of-ex-presidents-legal-troubles/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'E6EhDX5z',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Fox Business Network - 4:00 PM - 5:00 PM - 1:39:42 pm - 1:42:20 pm',
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/E6EhDX5z/poster.jpg?width=720',
+            'duration': 157,
+            'timestamp': 1691015535,
+            'upload_date': '20230802',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True}
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, None)
-        id = self._search_regex(r'data-video-id\s?=\s?\"([^\"]+)\"', webpage, 'id')
-        data_json = self._download_json(f'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/{id}', id)
+        video_id = self._search_regex(
+            [r'"https://cdn\.jwplayer\.com/players/(\w+)', r'data-video-id\s*=\s*\"([^\"]+)\"'], webpage, 'id')
+        data_json = self._download_json(f'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/{video_id}', video_id)
         return self._parse_jwplayer_data(data_json)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py
index 46365081b..fcc4827b5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 from ..utils import (
-    unified_strdate
+    ExtractorError,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import (
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
                         (?P<id>[^/#?_]+)'''
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        # mediaklikk. date in html.
+        # (old) mediaklikk. date in html.
         'url': 'https://mediaklikk.hu/video/hazajaro-delnyugat-bacska-a-duna-menten-palankatol-doroszloig/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4754129',
@@ -23,9 +26,21 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'upload_date': '20210901',
             'thumbnail': 'http://mediaklikk.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2014/02/hazajarouj_JO.jpg'
+        },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to 404 page',
+    }, {
+        # mediaklikk. date in html.
+        'url': 'https://mediaklikk.hu/video/hazajaro-fabova-hegyseg-kishont-koronaja/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6696133',
+            'title': 'Hazajáró, Fabova-hegység - Kishont koronája',
+            'display_id': 'hazajaro-fabova-hegyseg-kishont-koronaja',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20230903',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://mediaklikk.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2014/02/hazajarouj_JO.jpg'
         }
     }, {
-        # m4sport
+        # (old) m4sport
         'url': 'https://m4sport.hu/video/2021/08/30/gyemant-liga-parizs/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4754999',
@@ -33,6 +48,18 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'upload_date': '20210830',
             'thumbnail': 'http://m4sport.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/08/vlcsnap-2021-08-30-18h21m20s10-1024x576.jpg'
+        },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to 404 page',
+    }, {
+        # m4sport
+        'url': 'https://m4sport.hu/sportkozvetitesek/video/2023/09/08/atletika-gyemant-liga-brusszel/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6711136',
+            'title': 'Atlétika – Gyémánt Liga, Brüsszel',
+            'display_id': 'atletika-gyemant-liga-brusszel',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20230908',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://m4sport.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/09/vlcsnap-2023-09-08-22h43m18s691.jpg'
         }
     }, {
         # m4sport with *video/ url and no date
@@ -40,20 +67,33 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4492099',
             'title': 'Real Madrid - Chelsea 1-1',
+            'display_id': 'real-madrid-chelsea-1-1',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'thumbnail': 'http://m4sport.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/04/Sequence-01.Still001-1024x576.png'
+            'thumbnail': 'https://m4sport.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/04/Sequence-01.Still001-1024x576.png'
         }
     }, {
-        # hirado
+        # (old) hirado
         'url': 'https://hirado.hu/videok/felteteleket-szabott-a-fovaros/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4760120',
             'title': 'Feltételeket szabott a főváros',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'thumbnail': 'http://hirado.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/09/vlcsnap-2021-09-01-20h20m37s165.jpg'
+        },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to video list page',
+    }, {
+        # hirado
+        'url': 'https://hirado.hu/belfold/video/2023/09/11/marad-az-eves-elszamolas-a-napelemekre-beruhazo-csaladoknal',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6716068',
+            'title': 'Marad az éves elszámolás a napelemekre beruházó családoknál',
+            'display_id': 'marad-az-eves-elszamolas-a-napelemekre-beruhazo-csaladoknal',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20230911',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://hirado.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/09/vlcsnap-2023-09-11-09h16m09s882.jpg'
         }
     }, {
-        # petofilive
+        # (old) petofilive
         'url': 'https://petofilive.hu/video/2021/06/07/tha-shudras-az-akusztikban/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4571948',
@@ -61,6 +101,18 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'upload_date': '20210607',
             'thumbnail': 'http://petofilive.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/06/vlcsnap-2021-06-07-22h14m23s915-1024x576.jpg'
+        },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to empty page',
+    }, {
+        # petofilive
+        'url': 'https://petofilive.hu/video/2023/09/09/futball-fesztival-a-margitszigeten/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6713233',
+            'title': 'Futball Fesztivál a Margitszigeten',
+            'display_id': 'futball-fesztival-a-margitszigeten',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20230909',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://petofilive.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/09/Clipboard11-2.jpg'
         }
     }]
 
@@ -84,8 +136,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         player_data['video'] = player_data.pop('token')
         player_page = self._download_webpage('https://player.mediaklikk.hu/playernew/player.php', video_id, query=player_data)
-        playlist_url = self._proto_relative_url(compat_urllib_parse_unquote(
-            self._html_search_regex(r'\"file\":\s*\"(\\?/\\?/.*playlist\.m3u8)\"', player_page, 'playlist_url')).replace('\\/', '/'))
+        player_json = self._search_json(
+            r'\bpl\.setup\s*\(', player_page, 'player json', video_id, end_pattern=r'\);')
+        playlist_url = traverse_obj(
+            player_json, ('playlist', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'hls', 'file', {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
+        if not playlist_url:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract playlist url')
 
         formats = self._extract_wowza_formats(
             playlist_url, video_id, skip_protocols=['f4m', 'smil', 'dash'])
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaset.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaset.py
index 1fa529914..2d6204298 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaset.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaset.py
@@ -127,7 +127,8 @@ class MediasetIE(ThePlatformBaseIE):
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
-        }
+        },
+        'skip': 'Dead link',
     }, {
         # WittyTV embed
         'url': 'https://www.wittytv.it/mauriziocostanzoshow/ultima-puntata-venerdi-25-novembre/',
@@ -154,10 +155,12 @@ class MediasetIE(ThePlatformBaseIE):
         }
     }]
 
-    def _parse_smil_formats(self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_params=None, transform_rtmp_url=None):
+    def _parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(
+            self, smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace=None, f4m_params=None, transform_rtmp_url=None):
         for video in smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//video', namespace)):
             video.attrib['src'] = re.sub(r'(https?://vod05)t(-mediaset-it\.akamaized\.net/.+?.mpd)\?.+', r'\1\2', video.attrib['src'])
-        return super(MediasetIE, self)._parse_smil_formats(smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace, f4m_params, transform_rtmp_url)
+        return super(MediasetIE, self)._parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(
+            smil, smil_url, video_id, namespace, f4m_params, transform_rtmp_url)
 
     def _check_drm_formats(self, tp_formats, video_id):
         has_nondrm, drm_manifest = False, ''
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediasite.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediasite.py
index fe549c49f..7ea78ab69 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediasite.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediasite.py
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         query = mobj.group('query')
 
         webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, resource_id)  # XXX: add UrlReferrer?
-        redirect_url = urlh.geturl()
+        redirect_url = urlh.url
 
         # XXX: might have also extracted UrlReferrer and QueryString from the html
         service_path = compat_urlparse.urljoin(redirect_url, self._html_search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
index cef769f29..b8cb5a691 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class MediaStreamBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://mdstrm\.com/(?:embed|live-stream)'
 
     def _extract_mediastream_urls(self, webpage):
-        yield from traverse_obj(list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None)), (
+        yield from traverse_obj(list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None, fatal=False)), (
             lambda _, v: v['@type'] == 'VideoObject', ('embedUrl', 'contentUrl'),
             {lambda x: x if re.match(rf'{self._BASE_URL_RE}/\w+', x) else None}))
 
@@ -106,8 +106,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        if 'Debido a tu ubicación no puedes ver el contenido' in webpage:
-            self.raise_geo_restricted()
+        for message in [
+            'Debido a tu ubicación no puedes ver el contenido',
+            'You are not allowed to watch this video: Geo Fencing Restriction'
+        ]:
+            if message in webpage:
+                self.raise_geo_restricted()
 
         player_config = self._search_json(r'window\.MDSTRM\.OPTIONS\s*=', webpage, 'metadata', video_id)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/megatvcom.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/megatvcom.py
index 2f3f11f51..93c7e7dc0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/megatvcom.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/megatvcom.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
-    ExtractorError,
     extract_attributes,
     get_element_by_class,
     get_element_html_by_id,
-    HEADRequest,
     parse_qs,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -160,5 +160,5 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         canonical_url = self._request_webpage(
             HEADRequest(canonical_url), video_id,
             note='Resolve canonical URL',
-            errnote='Could not resolve canonical URL').geturl()
+            errnote='Could not resolve canonical URL').url
         return self.url_result(canonical_url, MegaTVComIE.ie_key(), video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py
index edc92b371..31ccf004e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py
@@ -3,15 +3,15 @@
 import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_str,
-)
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_resolution,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -30,16 +30,18 @@ class MGTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 7461,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://w.mgtv.com/b/427837/15588271.html',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '15588271',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '春日迟迟再出发 沉浸版',
+            'title': '春日迟迟再出发 沉浸版第1期：陆莹结婚半年查出肾炎被离婚 吴雅婷把一半票根退给前夫',
             'description': 'md5:a7a05a05b1aa87bd50cae619b19bbca6',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 4026,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://w.mgtv.com/b/333652/7329822.html',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -50,6 +52,7 @@ class MGTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 2656,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://w.mgtv.com/b/427837/15591647.html',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -64,6 +67,13 @@ class MGTVIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    _RESOLUTIONS = {
+        '标清': ('480p', '854x480'),
+        '高清': ('540p', '960x540'),
+        '超清': ('720p', '1280x720'),
+        '蓝光': ('1080p', '1920x1080'),
+    }
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         tk2 = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(
@@ -76,55 +86,60 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'type': 'pch5'
                 }, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())['data']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), None)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), None)
                 if error.get('code') == 40005:
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
                 raise ExtractorError(error['msg'], expected=True)
             raise
-        info = api_data['info']
-        title = info['title'].strip()
+
         stream_data = self._download_json(
             'https://pcweb.api.mgtv.com/player/getSource', video_id, query={
-                'pm2': api_data['atc']['pm2'],
                 'tk2': tk2,
+                'pm2': api_data['atc']['pm2'],
                 'video_id': video_id,
+                'type': 'pch5',
                 'src': 'intelmgtv',
             }, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())['data']
-        stream_domain = stream_data['stream_domain'][0]
+        stream_domain = traverse_obj(stream_data, ('stream_domain', ..., {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
 
         formats = []
-        for idx, stream in enumerate(stream_data['stream']):
-            stream_path = stream.get('url')
-            if not stream_path:
-                continue
-            format_data = self._download_json(
-                stream_domain + stream_path, video_id,
-                note=f'Download video info for format #{idx}')
-            format_url = format_data.get('info')
+        for idx, stream in enumerate(traverse_obj(stream_data, ('stream', lambda _, v: v['url']))):
+            stream_name = traverse_obj(stream, 'name', 'standardName', 'barName', expected_type=str)
+            resolution = traverse_obj(
+                self._RESOLUTIONS, (stream_name, 1 if stream.get('scale') == '16:9' else 0))
+            format_url = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+                urljoin(stream_domain, stream['url']), video_id, fatal=False,
+                note=f'Downloading video info for format {resolution or stream_name}'),
+                ('info', {url_or_none}))
             if not format_url:
                 continue
             tbr = int_or_none(stream.get('filebitrate') or self._search_regex(
                 r'_(\d+)_mp4/', format_url, 'tbr', default=None))
             formats.append({
-                'format_id': compat_str(tbr or idx),
-                'url': url_or_none(format_url),
+                'format_id': str(tbr or idx),
+                'url': format_url,
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'tbr': tbr,
+                'vcodec': stream.get('videoFormat'),
+                'acodec': stream.get('audioFormat'),
+                **parse_resolution(resolution),
                 'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                 'http_headers': {
                     'Referer': url,
                 },
-                'format_note': stream.get('name'),
+                'format_note': stream_name,
             })
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
             'formats': formats,
-            'description': info.get('desc'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(info.get('duration')),
-            'thumbnail': info.get('thumb'),
+            **traverse_obj(api_data, ('info', {
+                'title': ('title', {str.strip}),
+                'description': ('desc', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
             'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, stream_domain),
         }
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/minds.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/minds.py
index 2fb17920c..27a6e3805 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/minds.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/minds.py
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if poster:
             urlh = self._request_webpage(poster, video_id, fatal=False)
             if urlh:
-                thumbnail = urlh.geturl()
+                thumbnail = urlh.url
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/miomio.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/miomio.py
index a0a041ea5..8df8cba19 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/miomio.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/miomio.py
@@ -2,12 +2,8 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_urlparse
-from ..utils import (
-    xpath_text,
-    int_or_none,
-    ExtractorError,
-    sanitized_Request,
-)
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, int_or_none, xpath_text
 
 
 class MioMioIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -61,7 +57,7 @@ def _extract_mioplayer(self, webpage, video_id, title, http_headers):
             'http://www.miomio.tv/mioplayer/mioplayerconfigfiles/xml.php?id=%s&r=%s' % (id, random.randint(100, 999)),
             video_id)
 
-        vid_config_request = sanitized_Request(
+        vid_config_request = Request(
             'http://www.miomio.tv/mioplayer/mioplayerconfigfiles/sina.php?{0}'.format(xml_config),
             headers=http_headers)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixcloud.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixcloud.py
index fb5a08ca2..8a95d1a5d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixcloud.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class MixcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _call_api(self, object_type, object_fields, display_id, username, slug=None):
         lookup_key = object_type + 'Lookup'
         return self._download_json(
-            'https://www.mixcloud.com/graphql', display_id, query={
+            'https://app.mixcloud.com/graphql', display_id, query={
                 'query': '''{
   %s(lookup: {username: "%s"%s}) {
     %s
@@ -46,7 +46,15 @@ class MixcloudIE(MixcloudBaseIE):
             'view_count': int,
             'timestamp': 1321359578,
             'upload_date': '20111115',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.mixcloud.com/dholbach/',
+            'artist': 'Submorphics & Chino , Telekinesis, Porter Robinson, Enei, Breakage ft Jess Mills',
+            'duration': 3723,
+            'tags': [],
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.mixcloud.com/gillespeterson/caribou-7-inch-vinyl-mix-chat/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -60,7 +68,14 @@ class MixcloudIE(MixcloudBaseIE):
             'view_count': int,
             'timestamp': 1422987057,
             'upload_date': '20150203',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.mixcloud.com/gillespeterson/',
+            'duration': 2992,
+            'tags': [],
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': '404 playback error on site'},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://beta.mixcloud.com/RedLightRadio/nosedrip-15-red-light-radio-01-18-2016/',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -259,9 +274,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 cloudcast_url = cloudcast.get('url')
                 if not cloudcast_url:
                     continue
-                slug = try_get(cloudcast, lambda x: x['slug'], compat_str)
+                item_slug = try_get(cloudcast, lambda x: x['slug'], compat_str)
                 owner_username = try_get(cloudcast, lambda x: x['owner']['username'], compat_str)
-                video_id = '%s_%s' % (owner_username, slug) if slug and owner_username else None
+                video_id = f'{owner_username}_{item_slug}' if item_slug and owner_username else None
                 entries.append(self.url_result(
                     cloudcast_url, MixcloudIE.ie_key(), video_id))
 
@@ -284,7 +299,7 @@ class MixcloudUserIE(MixcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'dholbach_uploads',
             'title': 'Daniel Holbach (uploads)',
-            'description': 'md5:b60d776f0bab534c5dabe0a34e47a789',
+            'description': 'md5:a3f468a60ac8c3e1f8616380fc469b2b',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 36,
     }, {
@@ -292,7 +307,7 @@ class MixcloudUserIE(MixcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'dholbach_uploads',
             'title': 'Daniel Holbach (uploads)',
-            'description': 'md5:b60d776f0bab534c5dabe0a34e47a789',
+            'description': 'md5:a3f468a60ac8c3e1f8616380fc469b2b',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 36,
     }, {
@@ -300,7 +315,7 @@ class MixcloudUserIE(MixcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'dholbach_favorites',
             'title': 'Daniel Holbach (favorites)',
-            'description': 'md5:b60d776f0bab534c5dabe0a34e47a789',
+            'description': 'md5:a3f468a60ac8c3e1f8616380fc469b2b',
         },
         # 'params': {
         #     'playlist_items': '1-100',
@@ -323,9 +338,9 @@ class MixcloudUserIE(MixcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'FirstEar_stream',
             'title': 'First Ear (stream)',
-            'description': 'Curators of good music\r\n\r\nfirstearmusic.com',
+            'description': 'we maraud for ears',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 271,
+        'playlist_mincount': 269,
     }]
 
     _TITLE_KEY = 'displayName'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mocha.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mocha.py
index 5f72b810b..2fbc0e911 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mocha.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mocha.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 
 class MochaVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video.mocha.com.vn/(?P<video_slug>[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.mocha\.com\.vn/(?P<video_slug>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://video.mocha.com.vn/chuyen-meo-gia-su-tu-thong-diep-cuoc-song-v18694039',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f04825fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
+    int_or_none,
+    unified_strdate,
+    strip_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+)
+
+
+class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://www\.monstercat\.com/release/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.monstercat.com/release/742779548009',
+        'playlist_count': 20,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'The Secret Language of Trees',
+            'id': '742779548009',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.monstercat.com/release/742779548009/cover',
+            'release_year': 2023,
+            'release_date': '20230711',
+            'album': 'The Secret Language of Trees',
+            'album_artist': 'BT',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_tracks(self, table, album_meta):
+        for td in re.findall(r'<tr[^<]*>((?:(?!</tr>)[\w\W])+)', table):  # regex by chatgpt due to lack of get_elements_by_tag
+            title = clean_html(try_call(
+                lambda: get_element_by_class('d-inline-flex flex-column', td).partition(' <span')[0]))
+            ids = extract_attributes(try_call(lambda: get_element_html_by_class('btn-play cursor-pointer mr-small', td)) or '')
+            track_id = ids.get('data-track-id')
+            release_id = ids.get('data-release-id')
+
+            track_number = int_or_none(try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('py-xsmall', td)))
+            if not track_id or not release_id:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping track {track_number}, ID(s) not found')
+                self.write_debug(f'release_id={repr(release_id)} track_id={repr(track_id)}')
+                continue
+            yield {
+                **album_meta,
+                'title': title,
+                'track': title,
+                'track_number': track_number,
+                'artist': clean_html(try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('d-block fs-xxsmall', td))),
+                'url': f'https://www.monstercat.com/api/release/{release_id}/track-stream/{track_id}',
+                'id': track_id,
+                'ext': 'mp3'
+            }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url_id = self._match_id(url)
+        html = self._download_webpage(url, url_id)
+        # wrap all `get_elements` in `try_call`, HTMLParser has problems with site's html
+        tracklist_table = try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('table table-small', html)) or ''
+
+        title = try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h1', html)[0])
+        date = traverse_obj(html, ({lambda html: get_element_by_class('font-italic mb-medium d-tablet-none d-phone-block',
+                            html).partition('Released ')}, 2, {strip_or_none}, {unified_strdate}))
+
+        album_meta = {
+            'title': title,
+            'album': title,
+            'thumbnail': f'https://www.monstercat.com/release/{url_id}/cover',
+            'album_artist': try_call(
+                lambda: get_element_by_class('h-normal text-uppercase mb-desktop-medium mb-smallish', html)),
+            'release_year': int_or_none(date[:4]) if date else None,
+            'release_date': date,
+        }
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._extract_tracks(tracklist_table, album_meta), playlist_id=url_id, **album_meta)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/motherless.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/motherless.py
index c24ef9b0d..e359c44e9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/motherless.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/motherless.py
@@ -1,32 +1,39 @@
 import datetime
 import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_urlparse
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    InAdvancePagedList,
-    orderedSet,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
+    remove_end,
     str_to_int,
     unified_strdate,
 )
 
 
 class MotherlessIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?motherless\.com/(?:g/[a-z0-9_]+/)?(?P<id>[A-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?motherless\.com/(?:g/[a-z0-9_]+/|G[VIG]?[A-F0-9]+/)?(?P<id>[A-F0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://motherless.com/AC3FFE1',
-        'md5': '310f62e325a9fafe64f68c0bccb6e75f',
+        'url': 'http://motherless.com/EE97006',
+        'md5': 'cb5e7438f7a3c4e886b7bccc1292a3bc',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'AC3FFE1',
+            'id': 'EE97006',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Fucked in the ass while playing PS3',
-            'categories': ['Gaming', 'anal', 'reluctant', 'rough', 'Wife'],
-            'upload_date': '20100913',
-            'uploader_id': 'famouslyfuckedup',
+            'title': 'Dogging blond Brit getting glazed (comp)',
+            'categories': ['UK', 'slag', 'whore', 'dogging', 'cunt', 'cumhound', 'big tits', 'Pearl Necklace'],
+            'upload_date': '20230519',
+            'uploader_id': 'deathbird',
             'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
             'age_limit': 18,
-        }
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            # Incomplete cert chains
+            'nocheckcertificate': True,
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://motherless.com/532291B',
         'md5': 'bc59a6b47d1f958e61fbd38a4d31b131',
@@ -49,16 +56,36 @@ class MotherlessIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '633979F',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Turtlette',
-            'categories': ['superheroine heroine  superher'],
+            'categories': ['superheroine heroine superher'],
             'upload_date': '20140827',
             'uploader_id': 'shade0230',
             'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
             'age_limit': 18,
-        }
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'nocheckcertificate': True,
+        },
     }, {
-        # no keywords
         'url': 'http://motherless.com/8B4BBC1',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '8B4BBC1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'VIDEO00441.mp4',
+            'categories': [],
+            'upload_date': '20160214',
+            'uploader_id': 'NMWildGirl',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'nocheckcertificate': True,
+        },
     }, {
         # see https://motherless.com/videos/recent for recent videos with
         # uploaded date in "ago" format
@@ -72,9 +99,12 @@ class MotherlessIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': 'anonymous',
             'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
             'age_limit': 18,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
         },
         'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
+            'nocheckcertificate': True,
         },
     }]
 
@@ -121,17 +151,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'd': 'days',
                 }
                 kwargs = {_AGO_UNITS.get(uploaded_ago[-1]): delta}
-                upload_date = (datetime.datetime.utcnow() - datetime.timedelta(**kwargs)).strftime('%Y%m%d')
+                upload_date = (datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) - datetime.timedelta(**kwargs)).strftime('%Y%m%d')
 
         comment_count = len(re.findall(r'''class\s*=\s*['"]media-comment-contents\b''', webpage))
         uploader_id = self._html_search_regex(
             (r'''<span\b[^>]+\bclass\s*=\s*["']username\b[^>]*>([^<]+)</span>''',
              r'''(?s)['"](?:media-meta-member|thumb-member-username)\b[^>]+>\s*<a\b[^>]+\bhref\s*=\s*['"]/m/([^"']+)'''),
             webpage, 'uploader_id', fatal=False)
-
-        categories = self._html_search_meta('keywords', webpage, default=None)
-        if categories:
-            categories = [cat.strip() for cat in categories.split(',')]
+        categories = self._html_search_meta('keywords', webpage, default='')
+        categories = [cat.strip() for cat in categories.split(',') if cat.strip()]
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
@@ -148,102 +176,97 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class MotherlessGroupIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?motherless\.com/gv?/(?P<id>[a-z0-9_]+)'
+class MotherlessPaginatedIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 60
+
+    def _correct_path(self, url, item_id):
+        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
+
+    def _extract_entries(self, webpage, base):
+        for mobj in re.finditer(r'href="[^"]*(?P<href>/[A-F0-9]+)"\s+title="(?P<title>[^"]+)',
+                                webpage):
+            video_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(base, mobj.group('href'))
+            video_id = MotherlessIE.get_temp_id(video_url)
+
+            if video_id:
+                yield self.url_result(video_url, MotherlessIE, video_id, mobj.group('title'))
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        item_id = self._match_id(url)
+        real_url = self._correct_path(url, item_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(real_url, item_id, 'Downloading page 1')
+
+        def get_page(idx):
+            page = idx + 1
+            current_page = webpage if not idx else self._download_webpage(
+                real_url, item_id, note=f'Downloading page {page}', query={'page': page})
+            yield from self._extract_entries(current_page, real_url)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            OnDemandPagedList(get_page, self._PAGE_SIZE), item_id,
+            remove_end(self._html_extract_title(webpage), ' | MOTHERLESS.COM ™'))
+
+
+class MotherlessGroupIE(MotherlessPaginatedIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?motherless\.com/g[vifm]?/(?P<id>[a-z0-9_]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://motherless.com/g/movie_scenes',
+        'url': 'http://motherless.com/gv/movie_scenes',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'movie_scenes',
             'title': 'Movie Scenes',
-            'description': 'Hot and sexy scenes from "regular" movies... '
-                           'Beautiful actresses fully nude... A looot of '
-                           'skin! :)Enjoy!',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 662,
+        'playlist_mincount': 540,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://motherless.com/gv/sex_must_be_funny',
+        'url': 'http://motherless.com/g/sex_must_be_funny',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'sex_must_be_funny',
             'title': 'Sex must be funny',
-            'description': 'Sex can be funny. Wide smiles,laugh, games, fun of '
-                           'any kind!'
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 0,
-        'expected_warnings': [
-            'This group has no videos.',
-        ]
+        'playlist_count': 0,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://motherless.com/g/beautiful_cock',
+        'url': 'https://motherless.com/gv/beautiful_cock',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'beautiful_cock',
             'title': 'Beautiful Cock',
-            'description': 'Group for lovely cocks yours, mine, a friends anything human',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 2500,
+        'playlist_mincount': 2040,
     }]
 
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return (False if MotherlessIE.suitable(url)
-                else super(MotherlessGroupIE, cls).suitable(url))
+    def _correct_path(self, url, item_id):
+        return urllib.parse.urljoin(url, f'/gv/{item_id}')
 
-    def _extract_entries(self, webpage, base):
-        entries = []
-        for mobj in re.finditer(
-                r'href="(?P<href>/[^"]+)"[^>]*>(?:\s*<img[^>]+alt="[^-]+-\s(?P<title>[^"]+)")?',
-                webpage):
-            video_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(base, mobj.group('href'))
-            if not MotherlessIE.suitable(video_url):
-                continue
-            video_id = MotherlessIE._match_id(video_url)
-            title = mobj.group('title')
-            entries.append(self.url_result(
-                video_url, ie=MotherlessIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id,
-                video_title=title))
-        # Alternative fallback
-        if not entries:
-            entries = [
-                self.url_result(
-                    compat_urlparse.urljoin(base, '/' + entry_id),
-                    ie=MotherlessIE.ie_key(), video_id=entry_id)
-                for entry_id in orderedSet(re.findall(
-                    r'data-codename=["\']([A-Z0-9]+)', webpage))]
-        return entries
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        group_id = self._match_id(url)
-        page_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, '/gv/%s' % group_id)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(page_url, group_id)
-        title = self._search_regex(
-            r'<title>([\w\s]+\w)\s+-', webpage, 'title', fatal=False)
-        description = self._html_search_meta(
-            'description', webpage, fatal=False)
-        page_count = str_to_int(self._search_regex(
-            r'(\d+)\s*</(?:a|span)>\s*<(?:a|span)[^>]+(?:>\s*NEXT|\brel\s*=\s*["\']?next)\b',
-            webpage, 'page_count', default=0))
-        if not page_count:
-            message = self._search_regex(
-                r'''class\s*=\s*['"]error-page\b[^>]*>\s*<p[^>]*>\s*(?P<error_msg>[^<]+)(?<=\S)\s*''',
-                webpage, 'error_msg', default=None) or 'This group has no videos.'
-            self.report_warning(message, group_id)
-            page_count = 1
-        PAGE_SIZE = 80
+class MotherlessGalleryIE(MotherlessPaginatedIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?motherless\.com/G[VIG]?(?P<id>[A-F0-9]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://motherless.com/GV338999F',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '338999F',
+            'title': 'Random',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 190,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://motherless.com/GVABD6213',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ABD6213',
+            'title': 'Cuties',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://motherless.com/GVBCF7622',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'BCF7622',
+            'title': 'Vintage',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 0,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://motherless.com/G035DE2F',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '035DE2F',
+            'title': 'General',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 420,
+    }]
 
-        def _get_page(idx):
-            if idx > 0:
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                    page_url, group_id, query={'page': idx + 1},
-                    note='Downloading page %d/%d' % (idx + 1, page_count)
-                )
-            for entry in self._extract_entries(webpage, url):
-                yield entry
-
-        playlist = InAdvancePagedList(_get_page, page_count, PAGE_SIZE)
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'playlist',
-            'id': group_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'entries': playlist
-        }
+    def _correct_path(self, url, item_id):
+        return urllib.parse.urljoin(url, f'/GV{item_id}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/movieclips.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/movieclips.py
index 4777f440e..f7f2921fd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/movieclips.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/movieclips.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class MovieClipsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'Movieclips',
         },
         'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
+        'skip': 'redirects to YouTube',
     }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mtv.py
index d91be6270..0d700b9a8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mtv.py
@@ -2,16 +2,15 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    RegexNotFoundError,
     find_xpath_attr,
     fix_xml_ampersands,
     float_or_none,
-    HEADRequest,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
-    RegexNotFoundError,
-    sanitized_Request,
     strip_or_none,
     timeconvert,
     try_get,
@@ -51,15 +50,15 @@ def _get_thumbnail_url(self, uri, itemdoc):
 
     def _extract_mobile_video_formats(self, mtvn_id):
         webpage_url = self._MOBILE_TEMPLATE % mtvn_id
-        req = sanitized_Request(webpage_url)
+        req = Request(webpage_url)
         # Otherwise we get a webpage that would execute some javascript
-        req.add_header('User-Agent', 'curl/7')
+        req.headers['User-Agent'] = 'curl/7'
         webpage = self._download_webpage(req, mtvn_id,
                                          'Downloading mobile page')
         metrics_url = unescapeHTML(self._search_regex(r'<a href="(http://metrics.+?)"', webpage, 'url'))
         req = HEADRequest(metrics_url)
         response = self._request_webpage(req, mtvn_id, 'Resolving url')
-        url = response.geturl()
+        url = response.url
         # Transform the url to get the best quality:
         url = re.sub(r'.+pxE=mp4', 'http://mtvnmobile.vo.llnwd.net/kip0/_pxn=0+_pxK=18639+_pxE=mp4', url, 1)
         return [{'url': url, 'ext': 'mp4'}]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/museai.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/museai.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7f66928c7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/museai.py
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    determine_ext,
+    float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class MuseAIIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?muse\.ai/(?:v|embed)/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://muse.ai/embed/YdTWvUW',
+        'md5': 'f994f9a38be1c3aaf9e37cbd7d76fe7c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'YdTWvUW',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '2023-05-28-Grabien-1941111 (1)',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': 'Today News Africa',
+            'uploader_id': 'TodayNewsAfrica',
+            'upload_date': '20230528',
+            'timestamp': 1685285044,
+            'duration': 1291.3,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'availability': 'public',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://muse.ai/v/gQ4gGAA-0756',
+        'md5': '52dbfc78e865e56dc19a1715badc35e8',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'gQ4gGAA',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '0756',
+            'description': 'md5:0ca1483f9aac423e9a96ad00bb3a0785',
+            'uploader': 'Aerial.ie',
+            'uploader_id': 'aerial',
+            'upload_date': '20210306',
+            'timestamp': 1615072842,
+            'duration': 21.4,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'availability': 'public',
+        },
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://muse.ai/docs',
+        'playlist_mincount': 4,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'docs',
+            'title': 'muse.ai | docs',
+            'description': 'md5:6c0293431481582739c82ee8902687fa',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://muse.ai/static/imgs/poster-img-docs.png',
+        },
+        'params': {'allowed_extractors': ['all', '-html5']},
+    }]
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]*\bsrc=["\'](?P<url>https://muse\.ai/embed/\w+)']
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
+        yield from super()._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage)
+        for embed_id in re.findall(r'<script>[^<]*\bMusePlayer\(\{[^}<]*\bvideo:\s*["\'](\w+)["\']', webpage):
+            yield f'https://muse.ai/embed/{embed_id}'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://muse.ai/embed/{video_id}', video_id)
+        data = self._search_json(
+            r'player\.setData\(', webpage, 'player data', video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
+
+        source_url = data['url']
+        if not url_or_none(source_url):
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract video URL')
+
+        formats = [{
+            'url': source_url,
+            'format_id': 'source',
+            'quality': 1,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'ext': ('filename', {determine_ext}),
+                'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }]
+        if source_url.endswith('/data'):
+            base_url = f'{source_url[:-5]}/videos'
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                f'{base_url}/hls.m3u8', video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                f'{base_url}/dash.mpd', video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('tcreated', {int_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('owner_name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('owner_username', {str}),
+                'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('mature', {lambda x: 18 if x else None}),
+                'availability': ('visibility', {lambda x: x if x in ('private', 'unlisted') else 'public'}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mzaalo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mzaalo.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1996368cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mzaalo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    parse_age_limit,
+    parse_duration,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class MzaaloIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?i)https?://(?:www\.)?mzaalo\.com/(?:play|watch)/(?P<type>movie|original|clip)/(?P<id>[a-f0-9-]+)/[\w-]+'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # Movies
+        'url': 'https://www.mzaalo.com/play/movie/c0958d9f-f90e-4503-a755-44358758921d/Jamun',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'c0958d9f-f90e-4503-a755-44358758921d',
+            'title': 'Jamun',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:24fe9ebb9bbe5b36f7b54b90ab1e2f31',
+            'thumbnails': 'count:15',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 5527.0,
+            'language': 'hin',
+            'categories': ['Drama'],
+            'age_limit': 13,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'}
+    }, {
+        # Shows
+        'url': 'https://www.mzaalo.com/play/original/93d42b2b-f373-4c2d-bca4-997412cb069d/Modi-Season-2-CM-TO-PM/Episode-1:Decision,-Not-Promises',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '93d42b2b-f373-4c2d-bca4-997412cb069d',
+            'title': 'Episode 1:Decision, Not Promises',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:16f76058432a54774fbb2561a1955652',
+            'thumbnails': 'count:22',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 2040.0,
+            'language': 'hin',
+            'categories': ['Drama'],
+            'age_limit': 13,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'}
+    }, {
+        # Streams/Clips
+        'url': 'https://www.mzaalo.com/play/clip/83cdbcb5-400a-42f1-a1d2-459053cfbda5/Manto-Ki-Kahaaniya',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '83cdbcb5-400a-42f1-a1d2-459053cfbda5',
+            'title': 'Manto Ki Kahaaniya',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:c3c5f1d05f0fd1bfcb05b673d1cc9f2f',
+            'thumbnails': 'count:3',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 1937.0,
+            'language': 'hin',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'}
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://mzaalo.com/watch/MOVIE/389c892d-0b65-4019-bf73-d4edcb1c014f/Chalo-Dilli',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, type_ = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'type')
+        path = (f'partner/streamurl?&assetId={video_id}&getClipDetails=YES' if type_ == 'clip'
+                else f'api/v2/player/details?assetType={type_.upper()}&assetId={video_id}')
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://production.mzaalo.com/platform/{path}', video_id, headers={
+                'Ocp-Apim-Subscription-Key': '1d0caac2702049b89a305929fdf4cbae',
+            })['data']
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(data['streamURL'], video_id)
+
+        subtitles = {}
+        for subs_lang, subs_url in traverse_obj(data, ('subtitles', {dict.items}, ...)):
+            if url_or_none(subs_url):
+                subtitles[subs_lang] = [{'url': subs_url, 'ext': 'vtt'}]
+
+        lang = traverse_obj(data, ('language', {str.lower}))
+        for f in formats:
+            f['language'] = lang
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {parse_duration}),
+                'age_limit': ('maturity_rating', {parse_age_limit}),
+                'thumbnails': ('images', ..., {'url': {url_or_none}}),
+                'categories': ('genre', ..., {str}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py
index 55345f398..edc41443a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'N1Info:article'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:(?:ba|rs|hr)\.)?n1info\.(?:com|si)|nova\.rs)/(?:[^/]+/){1,2}(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:\w+\.)?n1info\.\w+|nova\.rs)/(?:[^/?#]+/){1,2}(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         # Youtube embedded
         'url': 'https://rs.n1info.com/sport-klub/tenis/kako-je-djokovic-propustio-istorijsku-priliku-video/',
@@ -94,6 +94,16 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20211102',
             'timestamp': 1635861677,
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://n1info.rs/vesti/cuta-biti-u-kosovskoj-mitrovici-znaci-da-te-docekaju-eksplozivnim-napravama/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1332368',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Ćuta: Biti u Kosovskoj Mitrovici znači da te dočekaju eksplozivnim napravama',
+            'upload_date': '20230620',
+            'timestamp': 1687290536,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.brid.tv/live/partners/26827/snapshot/1332368_th_6492013a8356f_1687290170.jpg'
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://hr.n1info.com/vijesti/pravobraniteljica-o-ubojstvu-u-zagrebu-radi-se-o-doista-nezapamcenoj-situaciji/',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -105,19 +115,35 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1[^>]+>(.+?)</h1>', webpage, 'title')
         timestamp = unified_timestamp(self._html_search_meta('article:published_time', webpage))
-
-        videos = re.findall(r'(?m)(<video[^>]+>)', webpage)
+        plugin_data = self._html_search_meta('BridPlugin', webpage)
         entries = []
-        for video in videos:
-            video_data = extract_attributes(video)
-            entries.append({
-                '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                'url': video_data.get('data-url'),
-                'id': video_data.get('id'),
-                'title': title,
-                'thumbnail': video_data.get('data-thumbnail'),
-                'timestamp': timestamp,
-                'ie_key': 'N1InfoAsset'})
+        if plugin_data:
+            site_id = self._html_search_regex(r'site:(\d+)', webpage, 'site id')
+            for video_data in re.findall(r'\$bp\("Brid_\d+", (.+)\);', webpage):
+                video_id = self._parse_json(video_data, title)['video']
+                entries.append({
+                    'id': video_id,
+                    'title': title,
+                    'timestamp': timestamp,
+                    'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta('thumbnailURL', webpage),
+                    'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                        f'https://cdn-uc.brid.tv/live/partners/{site_id}/streaming/{video_id}/{video_id}.m3u8',
+                        video_id, fatal=False),
+                })
+        else:
+            # Old player still present in older articles
+            videos = re.findall(r'(?m)(<video[^>]+>)', webpage)
+            for video in videos:
+                video_data = extract_attributes(video)
+                entries.append({
+                    '_type': 'url_transparent',
+                    'url': video_data.get('data-url'),
+                    'id': video_data.get('id'),
+                    'title': title,
+                    'thumbnail': video_data.get('data-thumbnail'),
+                    'timestamp': timestamp,
+                    'ie_key': 'N1InfoAsset',
+                })
 
         embedded_videos = re.findall(r'(<iframe[^>]+>)', webpage)
         for embedded_video in embedded_videos:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nationalgeographic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nationalgeographic.py
index ad525c258..6f046bc29 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nationalgeographic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nationalgeographic.py
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ class NationalGeographicVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'uploader': 'NAGS',
             },
             'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
+            'skip': 'Redirects to main page',
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://video.nationalgeographic.com/wild/when-sharks-attack/the-real-jaws',
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ class NationalGeographicVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'uploader': 'NAGS',
             },
             'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
+            'skip': 'Redirects to main page',
         },
     ]
 
@@ -75,6 +77,7 @@ class NationalGeographicTVIE(FOXIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'Content not available',
     }]
     _HOME_PAGE_URL = 'https://www.nationalgeographic.com/tv/'
     _API_KEY = '238bb0a0c2aba67922c48709ce0c06fd'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py
index 7a1890a61..2d8459b02 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 class NaverBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _CAPTION_EXT_RE = r'\.(?:ttml|vtt)'
 
-    @staticmethod  # NB: Used in VLiveWebArchiveIE
+    @staticmethod  # NB: Used in WeverseIE
     def process_subtitles(vod_data, process_url):
         ret = {'subtitles': {}, 'automatic_captions': {}}
         for caption in traverse_obj(vod_data, ('captions', 'list', ...)):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
index b9f65e927..666550a49 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
@@ -6,15 +6,19 @@
 from .theplatform import ThePlatformIE, default_ns
 from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
 from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    HEADRequest,
     RegexNotFoundError,
     UserNotLive,
     clean_html,
+    determine_ext,
+    float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
+    mimetype2ext,
     parse_age_limit,
     parse_duration,
+    remove_end,
     smuggle_url,
     traverse_obj,
     try_get,
@@ -22,7 +26,6 @@
     unified_timestamp,
     update_url_query,
     url_basename,
-    xpath_attr,
 )
 
 
@@ -128,7 +131,6 @@ class NBCIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 'age_limit': 0,
                 'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
             },
-            'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks'],
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': 'm3u8',
             },
@@ -282,7 +284,7 @@ class NBCSportsIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     _TESTS = [{
         # iframe src
-        'url': 'http://www.nbcsports.com//college-basketball/ncaab/tom-izzo-michigan-st-has-so-much-respect-duke',
+        'url': 'https://www.nbcsports.com/watch/nfl/profootballtalk/pft-pm/unpacking-addisons-reckless-driving-citation',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'PHJSaFWbrTY9',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -377,7 +379,7 @@ class NBCNewsIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'http://www.nbcnews.com/watch/nbcnews-com/how-twitter-reacted-to-the-snowden-interview-269389891880',
-            'md5': 'cf4bc9e6ce0130f00f545d80ecedd4bf',
+            'md5': 'fb3dcd2d7b1dd9804305fa2fc95ab610',  # md5 tends to fluctuate
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '269389891880',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -385,6 +387,8 @@ class NBCNewsIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 'description': 'md5:65a0bd5d76fe114f3c2727aa3a81fe64',
                 'timestamp': 1401363060,
                 'upload_date': '20140529',
+                'duration': 46.0,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/MSNBC/Components/Video/140529/p_tweet_snow_140529.jpg',
             },
         },
         {
@@ -400,7 +404,7 @@ class NBCNewsIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://www.nbcnews.com/nightly-news/video/nightly-news-with-brian-williams-full-broadcast-february-4-394064451844',
-            'md5': '8eb831eca25bfa7d25ddd83e85946548',
+            'md5': '40d0e48c68896359c80372306ece0fc3',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '394064451844',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -408,11 +412,13 @@ class NBCNewsIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 'description': 'md5:1c10c1eccbe84a26e5debb4381e2d3c5',
                 'timestamp': 1423104900,
                 'upload_date': '20150205',
+                'duration': 1236.0,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/MSNBC/Components/Video/__NEW/nn_netcast_150204.jpg',
             },
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://www.nbcnews.com/business/autos/volkswagen-11-million-vehicles-could-have-suspect-software-emissions-scandal-n431456',
-            'md5': '4a8c4cec9e1ded51060bdda36ff0a5c0',
+            'md5': 'ffb59bcf0733dc3c7f0ace907f5e3939',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'n431456',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -420,11 +426,13 @@ class NBCNewsIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 'description': 'md5:d22d1281a24f22ea0880741bb4dd6301',
                 'upload_date': '20150922',
                 'timestamp': 1442917800,
+                'duration': 37.0,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/MSNBC/Components/Video/__NEW/x_lon_vwhorn_150922.jpg',
             },
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://www.today.com/video/see-the-aurora-borealis-from-space-in-stunning-new-nasa-video-669831235788',
-            'md5': '118d7ca3f0bea6534f119c68ef539f71',
+            'md5': '693d1fa21d23afcc9b04c66b227ed9ff',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '669831235788',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -432,6 +440,8 @@ class NBCNewsIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 'description': 'md5:74752b7358afb99939c5f8bb2d1d04b1',
                 'upload_date': '20160420',
                 'timestamp': 1461152093,
+                'duration': 69.0,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media-cldnry.s-nbcnews.com/image/upload/MSNBC/Components/Video/201604/2016-04-20T11-35-09-133Z--1280x720.jpg',
             },
         },
         {
@@ -445,6 +455,7 @@ class NBCNewsIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
                 'timestamp': 1406937606,
                 'upload_date': '20140802',
+                'duration': 940.0,
             },
         },
         {
@@ -533,6 +544,7 @@ class NBCOlympicsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20160815',
             'uploader': 'NBCU-SPORTS',
         },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -576,6 +588,7 @@ class NBCOlympicsStreamIE(AdobePassIE):
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': 'm3u8',
             },
+            'skip': 'Livestream',
         }, {
             'note': 'Plain m3u8 source URL',
             'url': 'https://stream.nbcolympics.com/gymnastics-event-finals-mens-floor-pommel-horse-womens-vault-bars',
@@ -587,6 +600,7 @@ class NBCOlympicsStreamIE(AdobePassIE):
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': 'm3u8',
             },
+            'skip': 'Livestream',
         },
     ]
 
@@ -660,6 +674,7 @@ class NBCStationsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Large Structure Fire in Downtown LA Prompts Smoke Odor Advisory',
             'description': 'md5:417ed3c2d91fe9d301e6db7b0942f182',
+            'duration': 112.513,
             'timestamp': 1661135892,
             'upload_date': '20220822',
             'uploader': 'NBC 4',
@@ -676,6 +691,7 @@ class NBCStationsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Huracán complica que televidente de Tucson reciba  reembolso',
             'description': 'md5:af298dc73aab74d4fca6abfb12acb6cf',
+            'duration': 172.406,
             'timestamp': 1660886507,
             'upload_date': '20220819',
             'uploader': 'Telemundo Arizona',
@@ -685,6 +701,22 @@ class NBCStationsIE(InfoExtractor):
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
         },
+    }, {
+        # direct mp4 link
+        'url': 'https://www.nbcboston.com/weather/video-weather/highs-near-freezing-in-boston-on-wednesday/2961135/',
+        'md5': '9bf8c41dc7abbb75b1a44f1491a4cc85',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2961135',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Highs Near Freezing in Boston on Wednesday',
+            'description': 'md5:3ec486609a926c99f00a3512e6c0e85b',
+            'duration': 235.669,
+            'timestamp': 1675268656,
+            'upload_date': '20230201',
+            'uploader': '',
+            'channel_id': 'WBTS',
+            'channel': 'nbcboston',
+        },
     }]
 
     _RESOLUTIONS = {
@@ -711,7 +743,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if not video_data:
             raise ExtractorError('No video metadata found in webpage', expected=True)
 
-        info, formats, subtitles = {}, [], {}
+        info, formats = {}, []
         is_live = int_or_none(video_data.get('mpx_is_livestream')) == 1
         query = {
             'formats': 'MPEG-DASH none,M3U none,MPEG-DASH none,MPEG4,MP3',
@@ -747,13 +779,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
             video_url = traverse_obj(video_data, ((None, ('video', 'meta')), 'mp4_url'), get_all=False)
             if video_url:
+                ext = determine_ext(video_url)
                 height = self._search_regex(r'\d+-(\d+)p', url_basename(video_url), 'height', default=None)
                 formats.append({
                     'url': video_url,
-                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'ext': ext,
                     'width': int_or_none(self._RESOLUTIONS.get(height)),
                     'height': int_or_none(height),
-                    'format_id': 'http-mp4',
+                    'format_id': f'http-{ext}',
                 })
 
             info.update({
@@ -770,14 +803,25 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             smil = self._download_xml(
                 f'https://link.theplatform.com/s/{pdk_acct}/{player_id}', video_id,
                 note='Downloading SMIL data', query=query, fatal=is_live)
-        if smil:
-            manifest_url = xpath_attr(smil, f'.//{{{default_ns}}}video', 'src', fatal=is_live)
-            subtitles = self._parse_smil_subtitles(smil, default_ns)
-            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=is_live,
-                live=is_live, errnote='No HLS formats found')
-            formats.extend(fmts)
-            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        subtitles = self._parse_smil_subtitles(smil, default_ns) if smil else {}
+        for video in smil.findall(self._xpath_ns('.//video', default_ns)) if smil else []:
+            info['duration'] = float_or_none(remove_end(video.get('dur'), 'ms'), 1000)
+            video_src_url = video.get('src')
+            ext = mimetype2ext(video.get('type'), default=determine_ext(video_src_url))
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    video_src_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=is_live,
+                    live=is_live, errnote='No HLS formats found')
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            elif video_src_url:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': video_src_url,
+                    'format_id': f'https-{ext}',
+                    'ext': ext,
+                    'width': int_or_none(video.get('width')),
+                    'height': int_or_none(video.get('height')),
+                })
 
         if not formats:
             self.raise_no_formats('No video content found in webpage', expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
index 5c1b7c712..8fba2bcf7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import itertools
 import json
-import urllib.error
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import ExtractorError, parse_iso8601
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, make_archive_id, parse_iso8601, remove_start
 
 _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://(?:www\.|beta\.)?(?:watchnebula\.com|nebula\.app|nebula\.tv)'
 
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ def inner_call():
             return inner_call()
         except ExtractorError as exc:
             # if 401 or 403, attempt credential re-auth and retry
-            if exc.cause and isinstance(exc.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) and exc.cause.code in (401, 403):
+            if exc.cause and isinstance(exc.cause, HTTPError) and exc.cause.status in (401, 403):
                 self.to_screen(f'Reauthenticating to Nebula and retrying, because last {auth_type} call resulted in error {exc.cause.code}')
                 self._perform_login()
                 return inner_call()
@@ -65,19 +65,20 @@ def _fetch_nebula_bearer_token(self):
         return response['token']
 
     def _fetch_video_formats(self, slug):
-        stream_info = self._call_nebula_api(f'https://content.watchnebula.com/video/{slug}/stream/',
+        stream_info = self._call_nebula_api(f'https://content.api.nebula.app/video/{slug}/stream/',
                                             video_id=slug,
                                             auth_type='bearer',
                                             note='Fetching video stream info')
         manifest_url = stream_info['manifest']
-        return self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(manifest_url, slug)
+        return self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(manifest_url, slug, 'mp4')
 
     def _build_video_info(self, episode):
         fmts, subs = self._fetch_video_formats(episode['slug'])
         channel_slug = episode['channel_slug']
         channel_title = episode['channel_title']
+        zype_id = episode.get('zype_id')
         return {
-            'id': episode['zype_id'],
+            'id': remove_start(episode['id'], 'video_episode:'),
             'display_id': episode['slug'],
             'formats': fmts,
             'subtitles': subs,
@@ -99,6 +100,9 @@ def _build_video_info(self, episode):
             'uploader_url': f'https://nebula.tv/{channel_slug}',
             'series': channel_title,
             'creator': channel_title,
+            'extractor_key': NebulaIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': NebulaIE.IE_NAME,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id(NebulaIE, zype_id)] if zype_id else None,
         }
 
     def _perform_login(self, username=None, password=None):
@@ -113,7 +117,7 @@ class NebulaIE(NebulaBaseIE):
             'url': 'https://nebula.tv/videos/that-time-disney-remade-beauty-and-the-beast',
             'md5': '14944cfee8c7beeea106320c47560efc',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '5c271b40b13fd613090034fd',
+                'id': '84ed544d-4afd-4723-8cd5-2b95261f0abf',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'That Time Disney Remade Beauty and the Beast',
                 'description': 'Note: this video was originally posted on YouTube with the sponsor read included. We weren’t able to remove it without reducing video quality, so it’s presented here in its original context.',
@@ -123,7 +127,6 @@ class NebulaIE(NebulaBaseIE):
                 'channel_id': 'lindsayellis',
                 'uploader': 'Lindsay Ellis',
                 'uploader_id': 'lindsayellis',
-                'timestamp': 1533009600,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://nebula.tv/lindsayellis',
                 'series': 'Lindsay Ellis',
                 'display_id': 'that-time-disney-remade-beauty-and-the-beast',
@@ -137,22 +140,22 @@ class NebulaIE(NebulaBaseIE):
             'url': 'https://nebula.tv/videos/the-logistics-of-d-day-landing-craft-how-the-allies-got-ashore',
             'md5': 'd05739cf6c38c09322422f696b569c23',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '5e7e78171aaf320001fbd6be',
+                'id': '7e623145-1b44-4ca3-aa0b-ed25a247ea34',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Landing Craft - How The Allies Got Ashore',
                 'description': r're:^In this episode we explore the unsung heroes of D-Day, the landing craft.',
                 'upload_date': '20200327',
                 'timestamp': 1585348140,
-                'channel': 'Real Engineering',
-                'channel_id': 'realengineering',
-                'uploader': 'Real Engineering',
-                'uploader_id': 'realengineering',
-                'series': 'Real Engineering',
+                'channel': 'Real Engineering — The Logistics of D-Day',
+                'channel_id': 'd-day',
+                'uploader': 'Real Engineering — The Logistics of D-Day',
+                'uploader_id': 'd-day',
+                'series': 'Real Engineering — The Logistics of D-Day',
                 'display_id': 'the-logistics-of-d-day-landing-craft-how-the-allies-got-ashore',
-                'creator': 'Real Engineering',
+                'creator': 'Real Engineering — The Logistics of D-Day',
                 'duration': 841,
-                'channel_url': 'https://nebula.tv/realengineering',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://nebula.tv/realengineering',
+                'channel_url': 'https://nebula.tv/d-day',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://nebula.tv/d-day',
                 'thumbnail': r're:https://\w+\.cloudfront\.net/[\w-]+\.jpeg?.*',
             },
         },
@@ -160,7 +163,7 @@ class NebulaIE(NebulaBaseIE):
             'url': 'https://nebula.tv/videos/money-episode-1-the-draw',
             'md5': 'ebe28a7ad822b9ee172387d860487868',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '5e779ebdd157bc0001d1c75a',
+                'id': 'b96c5714-9e2b-4ec3-b3f1-20f6e89cc553',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Episode 1: The Draw',
                 'description': r'contains:There’s free money on offer… if the players can all work together.',
@@ -190,7 +193,7 @@ class NebulaIE(NebulaBaseIE):
     ]
 
     def _fetch_video_metadata(self, slug):
-        return self._call_nebula_api(f'https://content.watchnebula.com/video/{slug}/',
+        return self._call_nebula_api(f'https://content.api.nebula.app/video/{slug}/',
                                      video_id=slug,
                                      auth_type='bearer',
                                      note='Fetching video meta data')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e10ffe925
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    determine_ext,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
+    parse_duration,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nekohacker\.com/(?P<id>(?!free-dl)[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/nekoverse/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'nekoverse',
+            'title': 'Nekoverse',
+        },
+        'playlist': [
+            {
+                'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/01-Spaceship.mp3',
+                'md5': '44223701ebedba0467ebda4cc07fb3aa',
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '1712',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'title': 'Spaceship',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Nekoverse_Artwork-1024x1024.jpg',
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': 'mp3',
+                    'release_date': '20221101',
+                    'album': 'Nekoverse',
+                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'track': 'Spaceship',
+                    'track_number': 1,
+                    'duration': 195.0
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/02-City-Runner.mp3',
+                'md5': '8f853c71719389d32bbbd3f1a87b3f08',
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '1713',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'title': 'City Runner',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Nekoverse_Artwork-1024x1024.jpg',
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': 'mp3',
+                    'release_date': '20221101',
+                    'album': 'Nekoverse',
+                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'track': 'City Runner',
+                    'track_number': 2,
+                    'duration': 148.0
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/03-Nature-Talk.mp3',
+                'md5': '5a8a8ae852720cee4c0ac95c7d1a7450',
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '1714',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'title': 'Nature Talk',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Nekoverse_Artwork-1024x1024.jpg',
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': 'mp3',
+                    'release_date': '20221101',
+                    'album': 'Nekoverse',
+                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'track': 'Nature Talk',
+                    'track_number': 3,
+                    'duration': 174.0
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/04-Crystal-World.mp3',
+                'md5': 'd8e59a48061764e50d92386a294abd50',
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '1715',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'title': 'Crystal World',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Nekoverse_Artwork-1024x1024.jpg',
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': 'mp3',
+                    'release_date': '20221101',
+                    'album': 'Nekoverse',
+                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'track': 'Crystal World',
+                    'track_number': 4,
+                    'duration': 199.0
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/susume/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'susume',
+            'title': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
+        },
+        'playlist': [
+            {
+                'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/進め！むじなカンパニー-feat.-六科なじむ-CV_-日高里菜-割戶真友-CV_-金元寿子-軽井沢ユキ-CV_-上坂すみれ-出稼ぎガルシア-CV_-金子彩花-.mp3',
+                'md5': 'fb13f008aa81f26ba48f91fd2d6186ce',
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '711',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'title': 'md5:1a5fcbc96ca3c3265b1c6f9f79f30fd0',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/OP表-1024x1024.png',
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': 'mp3',
+                    'release_date': '20210115',
+                    'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
+                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'track': 'md5:1a5fcbc96ca3c3265b1c6f9f79f30fd0',
+                    'track_number': 1,
+                    'duration': None
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/むじな-de-なじむ-feat.-六科なじむ-CV_-日高里菜-.mp3',
+                'md5': '028803f70241df512b7764e73396fdd1',
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '709',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'title': 'むじな de なじむ feat. 六科なじむ (CV: 日高里菜 )',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/OP表-1024x1024.png',
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': 'mp3',
+                    'release_date': '20210115',
+                    'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
+                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'track': 'むじな de なじむ feat. 六科なじむ (CV: 日高里菜 )',
+                    'track_number': 2,
+                    'duration': None
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/進め！むじなカンパニー-instrumental.mp3',
+                'md5': 'adde9e9a16e1da5e602b579c247d0fb9',
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '710',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'title': '進め！むじなカンパニー (instrumental)',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/OP表-1024x1024.png',
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': 'mp3',
+                    'release_date': '20210115',
+                    'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
+                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'track': '進め！むじなカンパニー (instrumental)',
+                    'track_number': 3,
+                    'duration': None
+                }
+            },
+            {
+                'url': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/むじな-de-なじむ-instrumental.mp3',
+                'md5': 'ebb0443039cf5f9ff7fd557ed9b23599',
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': '712',
+                    'ext': 'mp3',
+                    'title': 'むじな de なじむ (instrumental)',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://nekohacker.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/OP表-1024x1024.png',
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': 'mp3',
+                    'release_date': '20210115',
+                    'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
+                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'track': 'むじな de なじむ (instrumental)',
+                    'track_number': 4,
+                    'duration': None
+                }
+            }
+        ]
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+        playlist = get_element_by_class('playlist', webpage)
+
+        if not playlist:
+            iframe = try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('iframe', webpage)[1]) or ''
+            iframe_src = url_or_none(extract_attributes(iframe).get('src'))
+            if not iframe_src:
+                raise ExtractorError('No playlist or embed found in webpage')
+            elif re.match(r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?spotify\.com/', iframe_src):
+                raise ExtractorError('Spotify embeds are not supported', expected=True)
+            return self.url_result(url, 'Generic')
+
+        entries = []
+        for track_number, track in enumerate(re.findall(r'(<li[^>]+data-audiopath[^>]+>)', playlist), 1):
+            entry = traverse_obj(extract_attributes(track), {
+                'url': ('data-audiopath', {url_or_none}),
+                'ext': ('data-audiopath', {determine_ext}),
+                'id': 'data-trackid',
+                'title': 'data-tracktitle',
+                'track': 'data-tracktitle',
+                'album': 'data-albumtitle',
+                'duration': ('data-tracktime', {parse_duration}),
+                'release_date': ('data-releasedate', {lambda x: re.match(r'\d{8}', x.replace('.', ''))}, 0),
+                'thumbnail': ('data-albumart', {url_or_none}),
+            })
+            entries.append({
+                **entry,
+                'track_number': track_number,
+                'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+                'acodec': 'mp3' if entry['ext'] == 'mp3' else None,
+            })
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, traverse_obj(entries, (0, 'album')))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
index 595709899..d332b840c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
@@ -2,105 +2,74 @@
 import json
 import re
 import time
-from base64 import b64encode
-from binascii import hexlify
-from datetime import datetime
 from hashlib import md5
 from random import randint
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..aes import aes_ecb_encrypt, pkcs7_padding
-from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_urlencode
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
-    error_to_compat_str,
-    float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
-    sanitized_Request,
-    try_get,
+    join_nonempty,
+    str_or_none,
+    strftime_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
+    variadic,
 )
 
 
 class NetEaseMusicBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _FORMATS = ['bMusic', 'mMusic', 'hMusic']
-    _NETEASE_SALT = '3go8&$8*3*3h0k(2)2'
     _API_BASE = 'http://music.163.com/api/'
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
-    @classmethod
-    def _encrypt(cls, dfsid):
-        salt_bytes = bytearray(cls._NETEASE_SALT.encode('utf-8'))
-        string_bytes = bytearray(str(dfsid).encode('ascii'))
-        salt_len = len(salt_bytes)
-        for i in range(len(string_bytes)):
-            string_bytes[i] = string_bytes[i] ^ salt_bytes[i % salt_len]
-        m = md5()
-        m.update(bytes(string_bytes))
-        result = b64encode(m.digest()).decode('ascii')
-        return result.replace('/', '_').replace('+', '-')
+    @staticmethod
+    def kilo_or_none(value):
+        return int_or_none(value, scale=1000)
 
-    def make_player_api_request_data_and_headers(self, song_id, bitrate):
-        KEY = b'e82ckenh8dichen8'
-        URL = '/api/song/enhance/player/url'
-        now = int(time.time() * 1000)
-        rand = randint(0, 1000)
-        cookie = {
-            'osver': None,
-            'deviceId': None,
+    def _create_eapi_cipher(self, api_path, query_body, cookies):
+        request_text = json.dumps({**query_body, 'header': cookies}, separators=(',', ':'))
+
+        message = f'nobody{api_path}use{request_text}md5forencrypt'.encode('latin1')
+        msg_digest = md5(message).hexdigest()
+
+        data = pkcs7_padding(list(str.encode(
+            f'{api_path}-36cd479b6b5-{request_text}-36cd479b6b5-{msg_digest}')))
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_ecb_encrypt(data, list(b'e82ckenh8dichen8')))
+        return f'params={encrypted.hex().upper()}'.encode()
+
+    def _download_eapi_json(self, path, video_id, query_body, headers={}, **kwargs):
+        cookies = {
+            'osver': 'undefined',
+            'deviceId': 'undefined',
             'appver': '8.0.0',
             'versioncode': '140',
-            'mobilename': None,
+            'mobilename': 'undefined',
             'buildver': '1623435496',
             'resolution': '1920x1080',
             '__csrf': '',
             'os': 'pc',
-            'channel': None,
-            'requestId': '{0}_{1:04}'.format(now, rand),
+            'channel': 'undefined',
+            'requestId': f'{int(time.time() * 1000)}_{randint(0, 1000):04}',
+            **traverse_obj(self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE), {
+                'MUSIC_U': ('MUSIC_U', {lambda i: i.value}),
+            })
         }
-        request_text = json.dumps(
-            {'ids': '[{0}]'.format(song_id), 'br': bitrate, 'header': cookie},
-            separators=(',', ':'))
-        message = 'nobody{0}use{1}md5forencrypt'.format(
-            URL, request_text).encode('latin1')
-        msg_digest = md5(message).hexdigest()
-
-        data = '{0}-36cd479b6b5-{1}-36cd479b6b5-{2}'.format(
-            URL, request_text, msg_digest)
-        data = pkcs7_padding(bytes_to_intlist(data))
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_encrypt(data, bytes_to_intlist(KEY)))
-        encrypted_params = hexlify(encrypted).decode('ascii').upper()
-
-        cookie = '; '.join(
-            ['{0}={1}'.format(k, v if v is not None else 'undefined')
-             for [k, v] in cookie.items()])
-
-        headers = {
-            'User-Agent': self.extractor.get_param('http_headers')['User-Agent'],
-            'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-            'Referer': 'https://music.163.com',
-            'Cookie': cookie,
-        }
-        return ('params={0}'.format(encrypted_params), headers)
+        return self._download_json(
+            urljoin('https://interface3.music.163.com/', f'/eapi{path}'), video_id,
+            data=self._create_eapi_cipher(f'/api{path}', query_body, cookies), headers={
+                'Referer': 'https://music.163.com',
+                'Cookie': '; '.join([f'{k}={v}' for k, v in cookies.items()]),
+                **headers,
+            }, **kwargs)
 
     def _call_player_api(self, song_id, bitrate):
-        url = 'https://interface3.music.163.com/eapi/song/enhance/player/url'
-        data, headers = self.make_player_api_request_data_and_headers(song_id, bitrate)
-        try:
-            msg = 'empty result'
-            result = self._download_json(
-                url, song_id, data=data.encode('ascii'), headers=headers)
-            if result:
-                return result
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            if type(e.cause) in (ValueError, TypeError):
-                # JSON load failure
-                raise
-        except Exception as e:
-            msg = error_to_compat_str(e)
-            self.report_warning('%s API call (%s) failed: %s' % (
-                song_id, bitrate, msg))
-        return {}
+        return self._download_eapi_json(
+            '/song/enhance/player/url', song_id, {'ids': f'[{song_id}]', 'br': bitrate},
+            note=f'Downloading song URL info: bitrate {bitrate}')
 
     def extract_formats(self, info):
         err = 0
@@ -110,45 +79,50 @@ def extract_formats(self, info):
             details = info.get(song_format)
             if not details:
                 continue
-
             bitrate = int_or_none(details.get('bitrate')) or 999000
-            data = self._call_player_api(song_id, bitrate)
-            for song in try_get(data, lambda x: x['data'], list) or []:
-                song_url = try_get(song, lambda x: x['url'])
-                if not song_url:
-                    continue
+            for song in traverse_obj(self._call_player_api(song_id, bitrate), ('data', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+                song_url = song['url']
                 if self._is_valid_url(song_url, info['id'], 'song'):
                     formats.append({
                         'url': song_url,
-                        'ext': details.get('extension'),
-                        'abr': float_or_none(song.get('br'), scale=1000),
                         'format_id': song_format,
-                        'filesize': int_or_none(song.get('size')),
-                        'asr': int_or_none(details.get('sr')),
+                        'asr': traverse_obj(details, ('sr', {int_or_none})),
+                        **traverse_obj(song, {
+                            'ext': ('type', {str}),
+                            'abr': ('br', {self.kilo_or_none}),
+                            'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                        }),
                     })
                 elif err == 0:
-                    err = try_get(song, lambda x: x['code'], int)
+                    err = traverse_obj(song, ('code', {int})) or 0
 
         if not formats:
-            msg = 'No media links found'
             if err != 0 and (err < 200 or err >= 400):
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    '%s (site code %d)' % (msg, err, ), expected=True)
+                raise ExtractorError(f'No media links found (site code {err})', expected=True)
             else:
                 self.raise_geo_restricted(
-                    msg + ': probably this video is not available from your location due to geo restriction.',
-                    countries=['CN'])
-
+                    'No media links found: probably due to geo restriction.', countries=['CN'])
         return formats
 
-    @classmethod
-    def convert_milliseconds(cls, ms):
-        return int(round(ms / 1000.0))
-
     def query_api(self, endpoint, video_id, note):
-        req = sanitized_Request('%s%s' % (self._API_BASE, endpoint))
-        req.add_header('Referer', self._API_BASE)
-        return self._download_json(req, video_id, note)
+        result = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._API_BASE}{endpoint}', video_id, note, headers={'Referer': self._API_BASE})
+        code = traverse_obj(result, ('code', {int}))
+        message = traverse_obj(result, ('message', {str})) or ''
+        if code == -462:
+            self.raise_login_required(f'Login required to download: {message}')
+        elif code != 200:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Failed to get meta info: {code} {message}')
+        return result
+
+    def _get_entries(self, songs_data, entry_keys=None, id_key='id', name_key='name'):
+        for song in traverse_obj(songs_data, (
+                *variadic(entry_keys, (str, bytes, dict, set)),
+                lambda _, v: int_or_none(v[id_key]) is not None)):
+            song_id = str(song[id_key])
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'http://music.163.com/#/song?id={song_id}', NetEaseMusicIE,
+                song_id, traverse_obj(song, (name_key, {str})))
 
 
 class NetEaseMusicIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
@@ -156,16 +130,21 @@ class NetEaseMusicIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = '网易云音乐'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(y\.)?music\.163\.com/(?:[#m]/)?song\?.*?\bid=(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/song?id=32102397',
-        'md5': '3e909614ce09b1ccef4a3eb205441190',
+        'url': 'https://music.163.com/#/song?id=548648087',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '32102397',
+            'id': '548648087',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'title': 'Bad Blood',
-            'creator': 'Taylor Swift / Kendrick Lamar',
-            'upload_date': '20150516',
-            'timestamp': 1431792000,
-            'description': 'md5:25fc5f27e47aad975aa6d36382c7833c',
+            'title': '戒烟 (Live)',
+            'creator': '李荣浩 / 朱正廷 / 陈立农 / 尤长靖 / ONER灵超 / ONER木子洋 / 杨非同 / 陆定昊',
+            'timestamp': 1522944000,
+            'upload_date': '20180405',
+            'description': 'md5:3650af9ee22c87e8637cb2dde22a765c',
+            'subtitles': {'lyrics': [{'ext': 'lrc'}]},
+            "duration": 256,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^http.*\.jpg',
+            'album': '偶像练习生 表演曲目合集',
+            'average_rating': int,
+            'album_artist': '偶像练习生',
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'No lyrics.',
@@ -176,21 +155,12 @@ class NetEaseMusicIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'title': 'Opus 28',
             'creator': 'Dustin O\'Halloran',
             'upload_date': '20080211',
-            'description': 'md5:f12945b0f6e0365e3b73c5032e1b0ff4',
             'timestamp': 1202745600,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Has translated name.',
-        'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/song?id=22735043',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '22735043',
-            'ext': 'mp3',
-            'title': '소원을 말해봐 (Genie)',
-            'creator': '少女时代',
-            'description': 'md5:79d99cc560e4ca97e0c4d86800ee4184',
-            'upload_date': '20100127',
-            'timestamp': 1264608000,
-            'alt_title': '说出愿望吧(Genie)',
+            'duration': 263,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^http.*\.jpg',
+            'album': 'Piano Solos Vol. 2',
+            'album_artist': 'Dustin O\'Halloran',
+            'average_rating': int,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://y.music.163.com/m/song?app_version=8.8.45&id=95670&uct2=sKnvS4+0YStsWkqsPhFijw%3D%3D&dlt=0846',
@@ -203,59 +173,111 @@ class NetEaseMusicIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '19911130',
             'timestamp': 691516800,
             'description': 'md5:1ba2f911a2b0aa398479f595224f2141',
+            'subtitles': {'lyrics': [{'ext': 'lrc'}]},
+            'duration': 268,
+            'alt_title': '伴唱:现代人乐队 合唱:总政歌舞团',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^http.*\.jpg',
+            'average_rating': int,
+            'album': '红色摇滚',
+            'album_artist': '侯牧人',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/song?id=32102397',
+        'md5': '3e909614ce09b1ccef4a3eb205441190',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '32102397',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Bad Blood',
+            'creator': 'Taylor Swift / Kendrick Lamar',
+            'upload_date': '20150516',
+            'timestamp': 1431792000,
+            'description': 'md5:21535156efb73d6d1c355f95616e285a',
+            'subtitles': {'lyrics': [{'ext': 'lrc'}]},
+            'duration': 199,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^http.*\.jpg',
+            'album': 'Bad Blood',
+            'average_rating': int,
+            'album_artist': 'Taylor Swift',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Has translated name.',
+        'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/song?id=22735043',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '22735043',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': '소원을 말해봐 (Genie)',
+            'creator': '少女时代',
+            'upload_date': '20100127',
+            'timestamp': 1264608000,
+            'description': 'md5:03d1ffebec3139aa4bafe302369269c5',
+            'subtitles': {'lyrics': [{'ext': 'lrc'}]},
+            'duration': 229,
+            'alt_title': '说出愿望吧(Genie)',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^http.*\.jpg',
+            'average_rating': int,
+            'album': 'Oh!',
+            'album_artist': '少女时代',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
     }]
 
     def _process_lyrics(self, lyrics_info):
-        original = lyrics_info.get('lrc', {}).get('lyric')
-        translated = lyrics_info.get('tlyric', {}).get('lyric')
+        original = traverse_obj(lyrics_info, ('lrc', 'lyric', {str}))
+        translated = traverse_obj(lyrics_info, ('tlyric', 'lyric', {str}))
+
+        if not original or original == '[99:00.00]纯音乐，请欣赏\n':
+            return None
 
         if not translated:
-            return original
+            return {
+                'lyrics': [{'data': original, 'ext': 'lrc'}],
+            }
 
         lyrics_expr = r'(\[[0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}\.[0-9]{2,}\])([^\n]+)'
         original_ts_texts = re.findall(lyrics_expr, original)
-        translation_ts_dict = dict(
-            (time_stamp, text) for time_stamp, text in re.findall(lyrics_expr, translated)
-        )
-        lyrics = '\n'.join([
-            '%s%s / %s' % (time_stamp, text, translation_ts_dict.get(time_stamp, ''))
-            for time_stamp, text in original_ts_texts
-        ])
-        return lyrics
+        translation_ts_dict = dict(re.findall(lyrics_expr, translated))
+
+        merged = '\n'.join(
+            join_nonempty(f'{timestamp}{text}', translation_ts_dict.get(timestamp, ''), delim=' / ')
+            for timestamp, text in original_ts_texts)
+
+        return {
+            'lyrics_merged': [{'data': merged, 'ext': 'lrc'}],
+            'lyrics': [{'data': original, 'ext': 'lrc'}],
+            'lyrics_translated': [{'data': translated, 'ext': 'lrc'}],
+        }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         song_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        params = {
-            'id': song_id,
-            'ids': '[%s]' % song_id
-        }
         info = self.query_api(
-            'song/detail?' + compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(params),
-            song_id, 'Downloading song info')['songs'][0]
+            f'song/detail?id={song_id}&ids=%5B{song_id}%5D', song_id, 'Downloading song info')['songs'][0]
 
         formats = self.extract_formats(info)
 
-        lyrics_info = self.query_api(
-            'song/lyric?id=%s&lv=-1&tv=-1' % song_id,
-            song_id, 'Downloading lyrics data')
-        lyrics = self._process_lyrics(lyrics_info)
-
-        alt_title = None
-        if info.get('transNames'):
-            alt_title = '/'.join(info.get('transNames'))
+        lyrics = self._process_lyrics(self.query_api(
+            f'song/lyric?id={song_id}&lv=-1&tv=-1', song_id, 'Downloading lyrics data'))
+        lyric_data = {
+            'description': traverse_obj(lyrics, (('lyrics_merged', 'lyrics'), 0, 'data'), get_all=False),
+            'subtitles': lyrics,
+        } if lyrics else {}
 
         return {
             'id': song_id,
-            'title': info['name'],
-            'alt_title': alt_title,
-            'creator': ' / '.join([artist['name'] for artist in info.get('artists', [])]),
-            'timestamp': self.convert_milliseconds(info.get('album', {}).get('publishTime')),
-            'thumbnail': info.get('album', {}).get('picUrl'),
-            'duration': self.convert_milliseconds(info.get('duration', 0)),
-            'description': lyrics,
             'formats': formats,
+            'alt_title': '/'.join(traverse_obj(info, (('transNames', 'alias'), ...))) or None,
+            'creator': ' / '.join(traverse_obj(info, ('artists', ..., 'name'))) or None,
+            'album_artist': ' / '.join(traverse_obj(info, ('album', 'artists', ..., 'name'))) or None,
+            **lyric_data,
+            **traverse_obj(info, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('album', 'publishTime', {self.kilo_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('album', 'picUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {self.kilo_or_none}),
+                'album': ('album', 'name', {str}),
+                'average_rating': ('score', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
         }
 
 
@@ -263,31 +285,44 @@ class NetEaseMusicAlbumIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'netease:album'
     IE_DESC = '网易云音乐 - 专辑'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://music\.163\.com/(#/)?album\?id=(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
-    _TEST = {
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://music.163.com/#/album?id=133153666',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '133153666',
+            'title': '桃几的翻唱',
+            'upload_date': '20210913',
+            'description': '桃几2021年翻唱合集',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^http.*\.jpg',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 13,
+    }, {
         'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/album?id=220780',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '220780',
-            'title': 'B\'day',
+            'title': 'B\'Day',
+            'upload_date': '20060904',
+            'description': 'md5:71a74e1d8f392d88cf1bbe48879ad0b0',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^http.*\.jpg',
         },
         'playlist_count': 23,
-        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
-    }
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         album_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://music.163.com/album?id={album_id}', album_id)
 
-        info = self.query_api(
-            'album/%s?id=%s' % (album_id, album_id),
-            album_id, 'Downloading album data')['album']
-
-        name = info['name']
-        desc = info.get('description')
-        entries = [
-            self.url_result('http://music.163.com/#/song?id=%s' % song['id'],
-                            'NetEaseMusic', song['id'])
-            for song in info['songs']
-        ]
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, album_id, name, desc)
+        songs = self._search_json(
+            r'<textarea[^>]+\bid="song-list-pre-data"[^>]*>', webpage, 'metainfo', album_id,
+            end_pattern=r'</textarea>', contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]')
+        metainfo = {
+            'title': self._og_search_property('title', webpage, 'title', fatal=False),
+            'description': self._html_search_regex(
+                (rf'<div[^>]+\bid="album-desc-{suffix}"[^>]*>(.*?)</div>' for suffix in ('more', 'dot')),
+                webpage, 'description', flags=re.S, fatal=False),
+            'thumbnail': self._og_search_property('image', webpage, 'thumbnail', fatal=False),
+            'upload_date': unified_strdate(self._html_search_meta('music:release_date', webpage, 'date', fatal=False)),
+        }
+        return self.playlist_result(self._get_entries(songs), album_id, **metainfo)
 
 
 class NetEaseMusicSingerIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
@@ -299,10 +334,9 @@ class NetEaseMusicSingerIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
         'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/artist?id=10559',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '10559',
-            'title': '张惠妹 - aMEI;阿密特',
+            'title': '张惠妹 - aMEI;阿妹;阿密特',
         },
         'playlist_count': 50,
-        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
     }, {
         'note': 'Singer has translated name.',
         'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/artist?id=124098',
@@ -311,28 +345,28 @@ class NetEaseMusicSingerIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
             'title': '李昇基 - 이승기',
         },
         'playlist_count': 50,
-        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Singer with both translated and alias',
+        'url': 'https://music.163.com/#/artist?id=159692',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '159692',
+            'title': '初音ミク - 初音未来;Hatsune Miku',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 50,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         singer_id = self._match_id(url)
 
         info = self.query_api(
-            'artist/%s?id=%s' % (singer_id, singer_id),
-            singer_id, 'Downloading singer data')
+            f'artist/{singer_id}?id={singer_id}', singer_id, note='Downloading singer data')
 
-        name = info['artist']['name']
-        if info['artist']['trans']:
-            name = '%s - %s' % (name, info['artist']['trans'])
-        if info['artist']['alias']:
-            name = '%s - %s' % (name, ';'.join(info['artist']['alias']))
+        name = join_nonempty(
+            traverse_obj(info, ('artist', 'name', {str})),
+            join_nonempty(*traverse_obj(info, ('artist', ('trans', ('alias', ...)), {str})), delim=';'),
+            delim=' - ')
 
-        entries = [
-            self.url_result('http://music.163.com/#/song?id=%s' % song['id'],
-                            'NetEaseMusic', song['id'])
-            for song in info['hotSongs']
-        ]
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, singer_id, name)
+        return self.playlist_result(self._get_entries(info, 'hotSongs'), singer_id, name)
 
 
 class NetEaseMusicListIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
@@ -344,10 +378,28 @@ class NetEaseMusicListIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '79177352',
             'title': 'Billboard 2007 Top 100',
-            'description': 'md5:12fd0819cab2965b9583ace0f8b7b022'
+            'description': 'md5:12fd0819cab2965b9583ace0f8b7b022',
+            'tags': ['欧美'],
+            'uploader': '浑然破灭',
+            'uploader_id': '67549805',
+            'timestamp': int,
+            'upload_date': r're:\d{8}',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 99,
-        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
+        'playlist_mincount': 95,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Toplist/Charts sample',
+        'url': 'https://music.163.com/#/discover/toplist?id=60198',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '60198',
+            'title': 're:美国Billboard榜 [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2}',
+            'description': '美国Billboard排行榜',
+            'tags': ['流行', '欧美', '榜单'],
+            'uploader': 'Billboard公告牌',
+            'uploader_id': '48171',
+            'timestamp': int,
+            'upload_date': r're:\d{8}',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 100,
     }, {
         'note': 'Toplist/Charts sample',
         'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/discover/toplist?id=3733003',
@@ -363,64 +415,86 @@ class NetEaseMusicListIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         list_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        info = self.query_api(
-            'playlist/detail?id=%s&lv=-1&tv=-1' % list_id,
-            list_id, 'Downloading playlist data')['result']
+        info = self._download_eapi_json(
+            '/v3/playlist/detail', list_id,
+            {'id': list_id, 't': '-1', 'n': '500', 's': '0'},
+            note="Downloading playlist info")
 
-        name = info['name']
-        desc = info.get('description')
+        metainfo = traverse_obj(info, ('playlist', {
+            'title': ('name', {str}),
+            'description': ('description', {str}),
+            'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+            'uploader': ('creator', 'nickname', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': ('creator', 'userId', {str_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('updateTime', {self.kilo_or_none}),
+        }))
+        if traverse_obj(info, ('playlist', 'specialType')) == 10:
+            metainfo['title'] = f'{metainfo.get("title")} {strftime_or_none(metainfo.get("timestamp"), "%Y-%m-%d")}'
 
-        if info.get('specialType') == 10:  # is a chart/toplist
-            datestamp = datetime.fromtimestamp(
-                self.convert_milliseconds(info['updateTime'])).strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
-            name = '%s %s' % (name, datestamp)
-
-        entries = [
-            self.url_result('http://music.163.com/#/song?id=%s' % song['id'],
-                            'NetEaseMusic', song['id'])
-            for song in info['tracks']
-        ]
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, list_id, name, desc)
+        return self.playlist_result(self._get_entries(info, ('playlist', 'tracks')), list_id, **metainfo)
 
 
 class NetEaseMusicMvIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'netease:mv'
     IE_DESC = '网易云音乐 - MV'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://music\.163\.com/(#/)?mv\?id=(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
-    _TEST = {
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://music.163.com/#/mv?id=10958064',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '10958064',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '交换余生',
+            'description': 'md5:e845872cff28820642a2b02eda428fea',
+            'creator': '林俊杰',
+            'upload_date': '20200916',
+            'thumbnail': r're:http.*\.jpg',
+            'duration': 364,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
         'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/mv?id=415350',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '415350',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '이럴거면 그러지말지',
             'description': '白雅言自作曲唱甜蜜爱情',
-            'creator': '白雅言',
+            'creator': '白娥娟',
             'upload_date': '20150520',
+            'thumbnail': r're:http.*\.jpg',
+            'duration': 216,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
         },
-        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
-    }
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mv_id = self._match_id(url)
 
         info = self.query_api(
-            'mv/detail?id=%s&type=mp4' % mv_id,
-            mv_id, 'Downloading mv info')['data']
+            f'mv/detail?id={mv_id}&type=mp4', mv_id, 'Downloading mv info')['data']
 
         formats = [
-            {'url': mv_url, 'ext': 'mp4', 'format_id': '%sp' % brs, 'height': int(brs)}
+            {'url': mv_url, 'ext': 'mp4', 'format_id': f'{brs}p', 'height': int_or_none(brs)}
             for brs, mv_url in info['brs'].items()
         ]
 
         return {
             'id': mv_id,
-            'title': info['name'],
-            'description': info.get('desc') or info.get('briefDesc'),
-            'creator': info['artistName'],
-            'upload_date': info['publishTime'].replace('-', ''),
             'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': info.get('cover'),
-            'duration': self.convert_milliseconds(info.get('duration', 0)),
+            **traverse_obj(info, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': (('desc', 'briefDesc'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'creator': ('artistName', {str}),
+                'upload_date': ('publishTime', {unified_strdate}),
+                'thumbnail': ('cover', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {self.kilo_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('playCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('likeCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
+            }, get_all=False),
         }
 
 
@@ -431,75 +505,74 @@ class NetEaseMusicProgramIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/program?id=10109055',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10109055',
+            'id': '32593346',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': '不丹足球背后的故事',
             'description': '喜马拉雅人的足球梦 ...',
             'creator': '大话西藏',
-            'timestamp': 1434179342,
+            'timestamp': 1434179287,
             'upload_date': '20150613',
+            'thumbnail': r're:http.*\.jpg',
             'duration': 900,
         },
-        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
     }, {
         'note': 'This program has accompanying songs.',
         'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/program?id=10141022',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '10141022',
-            'title': '25岁，你是自在如风的少年<27°C>',
+            'title': '滚滚电台的有声节目',
             'description': 'md5:8d594db46cc3e6509107ede70a4aaa3b',
+            'creator': '滚滚电台ORZ',
+            'timestamp': 1434450733,
+            'upload_date': '20150616',
+            'thumbnail': r're:http.*\.jpg',
         },
         'playlist_count': 4,
-        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
     }, {
         'note': 'This program has accompanying songs.',
         'url': 'http://music.163.com/#/program?id=10141022',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10141022',
+            'id': '32647209',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'title': '25岁，你是自在如风的少年<27°C>',
+            'title': '滚滚电台的有声节目',
             'description': 'md5:8d594db46cc3e6509107ede70a4aaa3b',
-            'timestamp': 1434450841,
+            'creator': '滚滚电台ORZ',
+            'timestamp': 1434450733,
             'upload_date': '20150616',
+            'thumbnail': r're:http.*\.jpg',
+            'duration': 1104,
         },
         'params': {
             'noplaylist': True
         },
-        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         program_id = self._match_id(url)
 
         info = self.query_api(
-            'dj/program/detail?id=%s' % program_id,
-            program_id, 'Downloading program info')['program']
+            f'dj/program/detail?id={program_id}', program_id, note='Downloading program info')['program']
 
-        name = info['name']
-        description = info['description']
+        metainfo = traverse_obj(info, {
+            'title': ('name', {str}),
+            'description': ('description', {str}),
+            'creator': ('dj', 'brand', {str}),
+            'thumbnail': ('coverUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('createTime', {self.kilo_or_none}),
+        })
 
         if not self._yes_playlist(info['songs'] and program_id, info['mainSong']['id']):
             formats = self.extract_formats(info['mainSong'])
 
             return {
-                'id': info['mainSong']['id'],
-                'title': name,
-                'description': description,
-                'creator': info['dj']['brand'],
-                'timestamp': self.convert_milliseconds(info['createTime']),
-                'thumbnail': info['coverUrl'],
-                'duration': self.convert_milliseconds(info.get('duration', 0)),
+                'id': str(info['mainSong']['id']),
                 'formats': formats,
+                'duration': traverse_obj(info, ('mainSong', 'duration', {self.kilo_or_none})),
+                **metainfo,
             }
 
-        song_ids = [info['mainSong']['id']]
-        song_ids.extend([song['id'] for song in info['songs']])
-        entries = [
-            self.url_result('http://music.163.com/#/song?id=%s' % song_id,
-                            'NetEaseMusic', song_id)
-            for song_id in song_ids
-        ]
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, program_id, name, description)
+        songs = traverse_obj(info, (('mainSong', ('songs', ...)),))
+        return self.playlist_result(self._get_entries(songs), program_id, **metainfo)
 
 
 class NetEaseMusicDjRadioIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
@@ -511,38 +584,32 @@ class NetEaseMusicDjRadioIE(NetEaseMusicBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '42',
             'title': '声音蔓延',
-            'description': 'md5:766220985cbd16fdd552f64c578a6b15'
+            'description': 'md5:c7381ebd7989f9f367668a5aee7d5f08'
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 40,
-        'skip': 'Blocked outside Mainland China',
     }
     _PAGE_SIZE = 1000
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         dj_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        name = None
-        desc = None
+        metainfo = {}
         entries = []
         for offset in itertools.count(start=0, step=self._PAGE_SIZE):
             info = self.query_api(
-                'dj/program/byradio?asc=false&limit=%d&radioId=%s&offset=%d'
-                % (self._PAGE_SIZE, dj_id, offset),
-                dj_id, 'Downloading dj programs - %d' % offset)
+                f'dj/program/byradio?asc=false&limit={self._PAGE_SIZE}&radioId={dj_id}&offset={offset}',
+                dj_id, note=f'Downloading dj programs - {offset}')
 
-            entries.extend([
-                self.url_result(
-                    'http://music.163.com/#/program?id=%s' % program['id'],
-                    'NetEaseMusicProgram', program['id'])
-                for program in info['programs']
-            ])
-
-            if name is None:
-                radio = info['programs'][0]['radio']
-                name = radio['name']
-                desc = radio['desc']
+            entries.extend(self.url_result(
+                f'http://music.163.com/#/program?id={program["id"]}', NetEaseMusicProgramIE,
+                program['id'], program.get('name')) for program in info['programs'])
+            if not metainfo:
+                metainfo = traverse_obj(info, ('programs', 0, 'radio', {
+                    'title': ('name', {str}),
+                    'description': ('desc', {str}),
+                }))
 
             if not info['more']:
                 break
 
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, dj_id, name, desc)
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, dj_id, **metainfo)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/netverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/netverse.py
index 398198a1b..ef53e15da 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/netverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/netverse.py
@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ class NetverseIE(NetverseBaseIE):
             'uploader': 'Net Prime',
             'comment_count': int,
         },
-        'params':{
+        'params': {
             'getcomments': True
         }
     }, {
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ class NetverseIE(NetverseBaseIE):
             'season': 'Season 1',
             'comment_count': int,
         },
-        'params':{
+        'params': {
             'getcomments': True
         }
     }]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
index cc3f4495c..3f83cd20e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
@@ -64,6 +64,85 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VIDEO_CONFIG_REGEX = r'<script[^>]+id="[^"]*video-config-[0-9a-f]{8}-(?:[0-9a-f]{4}-){3}[0-9a-f]{12}[^"]*"[^>]*>\s*({.+});?\s*</script>'
     _ANVATO_PREFIX = 'anvato:GXvEgwyJeWem8KCYXfeoHWknwP48Mboj:'
 
+    _CLIENT_DATA = {
+        'clientKey': '4cFUW6DmwJpzT9L7LrG3qRAcABG5s04g',
+        'clientSecret': 'CZuvCL49d9OwfGsR',
+        'deviceId': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+        'deviceInfo': base64.b64encode(json.dumps({
+            'model': 'desktop',
+            'version': 'Chrome',
+            'osName': 'Windows',
+            'osVersion': '10.0',
+        }, separators=(',', ':')).encode()).decode(),
+        'networkType': 'other',
+        'nflClaimGroupsToAdd': [],
+        'nflClaimGroupsToRemove': [],
+    }
+    _ACCOUNT_INFO = {}
+    _API_KEY = None
+
+    _TOKEN = None
+    _TOKEN_EXPIRY = 0
+
+    def _get_account_info(self, url, slug):
+        if not self._API_KEY:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, slug, fatal=False) or ''
+            self._API_KEY = self._search_regex(
+                r'window\.gigyaApiKey\s*=\s*["\'](\w+)["\'];', webpage, 'API key',
+                fatal=False) or '3_Qa8TkWpIB8ESCBT8tY2TukbVKgO5F6BJVc7N1oComdwFzI7H2L9NOWdm11i_BY9f'
+
+        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://auth-id.nfl.com/')
+        login_token = traverse_obj(cookies, (
+            (f'glt_{self._API_KEY}', lambda k, _: k.startswith('glt_')), {lambda x: x.value}), get_all=False)
+        if not login_token:
+            self.raise_login_required()
+        if 'ucid' not in cookies:
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Required cookies for the auth-id.nfl.com domain were not found among passed cookies. '
+                'If using --cookies, these cookies must be exported along with .nfl.com cookies, '
+                'or else try using --cookies-from-browser instead', expected=True)
+
+        account = self._download_json(
+            'https://auth-id.nfl.com/accounts.getAccountInfo', slug,
+            note='Downloading account info', data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'include': 'profile,data',
+                'lang': 'en',
+                'APIKey': self._API_KEY,
+                'sdk': 'js_latest',
+                'login_token': login_token,
+                'authMode': 'cookie',
+                'pageURL': url,
+                'sdkBuild': traverse_obj(cookies, (
+                    'gig_canary_ver', {lambda x: x.value.partition('-')[0]}), default='15170'),
+                'format': 'json',
+            }), headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})
+
+        self._ACCOUNT_INFO = traverse_obj(account, {
+            'signatureTimestamp': 'signatureTimestamp',
+            'uid': 'UID',
+            'uidSignature': 'UIDSignature',
+        })
+
+        if len(self._ACCOUNT_INFO) != 3:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to retrieve account info with provided cookies', expected=True)
+
+    def _get_auth_token(self, url, slug):
+        if self._TOKEN and self._TOKEN_EXPIRY > int(time.time() + 30):
+            return
+
+        if not self._ACCOUNT_INFO:
+            self._get_account_info(url, slug)
+
+        token = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.nfl.com/identity/v3/token%s' % (
+                '/refresh' if self._ACCOUNT_INFO.get('refreshToken') else ''),
+            slug, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, note='Downloading access token',
+            data=json.dumps({**self._CLIENT_DATA, **self._ACCOUNT_INFO}, separators=(',', ':')).encode())
+
+        self._TOKEN = token['accessToken']
+        self._TOKEN_EXPIRY = token['expiresIn']
+        self._ACCOUNT_INFO['refreshToken'] = token['refreshToken']
+
     def _parse_video_config(self, video_config, display_id):
         video_config = self._parse_json(video_config, display_id)
         item = video_config['playlist'][0]
@@ -168,7 +247,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'nfl.com:plus:replay'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nfl.com/plus/games/[\w-]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nfl\.com/plus/games/(?P<slug>[\w-]+)(?:/(?P<id>\d+))?'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.nfl.com/plus/games/giants-at-vikings-2022-post-1/1572108',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -185,23 +264,92 @@ class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Subscription required',
+        'url': 'https://www.nfl.com/plus/games/giants-at-vikings-2022-post-1',
+        'playlist_count': 4,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'giants-at-vikings-2022-post-1',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Subscription required',
+        'url': 'https://www.nfl.com/plus/games/giants-at-patriots-2011-pre-4',
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'giants-at-patriots-2011-pre-4',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Subscription required',
+        'url': 'https://www.nfl.com/plus/games/giants-at-patriots-2011-pre-4',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '950701',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Giants @ Patriots',
+            'description': 'Giants at Patriots on September 01, 2011',
+            'uploader': 'NFL',
+            'upload_date': '20210724',
+            'timestamp': 1627085874,
+            'duration': 1532,
+            'categories': ['Game Highlights'],
+            'tags': ['play-by-play'],
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+            'extractor_args': {'nflplusreplay': {'type': ['condensed_game']}},
+        },
     }]
 
+    _REPLAY_TYPES = {
+        'full_game': 'Full Game',
+        'full_game_spanish': 'Full Game - Spanish',
+        'condensed_game': 'Condensed Game',
+        'all_22': 'All-22',
+    }
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+        slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
+        requested_types = self._configuration_arg('type', ['all'])
+        if 'all' in requested_types:
+            requested_types = list(self._REPLAY_TYPES.keys())
+        requested_types = traverse_obj(self._REPLAY_TYPES, (None, requested_types))
+
+        if not video_id:
+            self._get_auth_token(url, slug)
+            headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}'}
+            game_id = self._download_json(
+                f'https://api.nfl.com/football/v2/games/externalId/slug/{slug}', slug,
+                'Downloading game ID', query={'withExternalIds': 'true'}, headers=headers)['id']
+            replays = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.nfl.com/content/v1/videos/replays', slug, 'Downloading replays JSON',
+                query={'gameId': game_id}, headers=headers)
+            if len(requested_types) == 1:
+                video_id = traverse_obj(replays, (
+                    'items', lambda _, v: v['subType'] == requested_types[0], 'mcpPlaybackId'), get_all=False)
+
+        if video_id:
+            return self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+
+        def entries():
+            for replay in traverse_obj(
+                replays, ('items', lambda _, v: v['mcpPlaybackId'] and v['subType'] in requested_types)
+            ):
+                video_id = replay['mcpPlaybackId']
+                yield self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(), slug)
 
 
 class NFLPlusEpisodeIE(NFLBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'nfl.com:plus:episode'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nfl.com/plus/episodes/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nfl\.com/plus/episodes/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'note': 'premium content',
+        'note': 'Subscription required',
         'url': 'https://www.nfl.com/plus/episodes/kurt-s-qb-insider-conference-championships',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1576832',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Kurt\'s QB Insider: Conference Championships',
+            'title': 'Conference Championships',
             'description': 'md5:944f7fab56f7a37430bf8473f5473857',
             'uploader': 'NFL',
             'upload_date': '20230127',
@@ -214,85 +362,9 @@ class NFLPlusEpisodeIE(NFLBaseIE):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
-    _CLIENT_DATA = {
-        'clientKey': '4cFUW6DmwJpzT9L7LrG3qRAcABG5s04g',
-        'clientSecret': 'CZuvCL49d9OwfGsR',
-        'deviceId': str(uuid.uuid4()),
-        'deviceInfo': base64.b64encode(json.dumps({
-            'model': 'desktop',
-            'version': 'Chrome',
-            'osName': 'Windows',
-            'osVersion': '10.0',
-        }, separators=(',', ':')).encode()).decode(),
-        'networkType': 'other',
-        'nflClaimGroupsToAdd': [],
-        'nflClaimGroupsToRemove': [],
-    }
-    _ACCOUNT_INFO = {}
-    _API_KEY = None
-
-    _TOKEN = None
-    _TOKEN_EXPIRY = 0
-
-    def _get_account_info(self, url, video_id):
-        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.nfl.com/')
-        login_token = traverse_obj(cookies, (
-            (f'glt_{self._API_KEY}', f'gig_loginToken_{self._API_KEY}',
-             lambda k, _: k.startswith('glt_') or k.startswith('gig_loginToken_')),
-            {lambda x: x.value}), get_all=False)
-        if not login_token:
-            self.raise_login_required()
-
-        account = self._download_json(
-            'https://auth-id.nfl.com/accounts.getAccountInfo', video_id,
-            note='Downloading account info', data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'include': 'profile,data',
-                'lang': 'en',
-                'APIKey': self._API_KEY,
-                'sdk': 'js_latest',
-                'login_token': login_token,
-                'authMode': 'cookie',
-                'pageURL': url,
-                'sdkBuild': traverse_obj(cookies, (
-                    'gig_canary_ver', {lambda x: x.value.partition('-')[0]}), default='13642'),
-                'format': 'json',
-            }), headers={'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'})
-
-        self._ACCOUNT_INFO = traverse_obj(account, {
-            'signatureTimestamp': 'signatureTimestamp',
-            'uid': 'UID',
-            'uidSignature': 'UIDSignature',
-        })
-
-        if len(self._ACCOUNT_INFO) != 3:
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to retrieve account info with provided cookies', expected=True)
-
-    def _get_auth_token(self, url, video_id):
-        if not self._ACCOUNT_INFO:
-            self._get_account_info(url, video_id)
-
-        token = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.nfl.com/identity/v3/token%s' % (
-                '/refresh' if self._ACCOUNT_INFO.get('refreshToken') else ''),
-            video_id, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, note='Downloading access token',
-            data=json.dumps({**self._CLIENT_DATA, **self._ACCOUNT_INFO}, separators=(',', ':')).encode())
-
-        self._TOKEN = token['accessToken']
-        self._TOKEN_EXPIRY = token['expiresIn']
-        self._ACCOUNT_INFO['refreshToken'] = token['refreshToken']
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         slug = self._match_id(url)
-
-        if not self._API_KEY:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, slug, fatal=False) or ''
-            self._API_KEY = self._search_regex(
-                r'window\.gigyaApiKey=["\'](\w+)["\'];', webpage, 'API key',
-                default='3_Qa8TkWpIB8ESCBT8tY2TukbVKgO5F6BJVc7N1oComdwFzI7H2L9NOWdm11i_BY9f')
-
-        if not self._TOKEN or self._TOKEN_EXPIRY <= int(time.time()):
-            self._get_auth_token(url, slug)
-
+        self._get_auth_token(url, slug)
         video_id = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.nfl.com/content/v1/videos/episodes/{slug}', slug, headers={
                 'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py
index 59702b247..cc3c79174 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nhk.py
@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     parse_duration,
     traverse_obj,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_timestamp,
-    urljoin
+    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -24,21 +30,71 @@ def _call_api(self, m_id, lang, is_video, is_episode, is_clip):
                 m_id, lang, '/all' if is_video else ''),
             m_id, query={'apikey': 'EJfK8jdS57GqlupFgAfAAwr573q01y6k'})['data']['episodes'] or []
 
+    def _get_api_info(self, refresh=True):
+        if not refresh:
+            return self.cache.load('nhk', 'api_info')
+
+        self.cache.store('nhk', 'api_info', {})
+        movie_player_js = self._download_webpage(
+            'https://movie-a.nhk.or.jp/world/player/js/movie-player.js', None,
+            note='Downloading stream API information')
+        api_info = {
+            'url': self._search_regex(
+                r'prod:[^;]+\bapiUrl:\s*[\'"]([^\'"]+)[\'"]', movie_player_js, None, 'stream API url'),
+            'token': self._search_regex(
+                r'prod:[^;]+\btoken:\s*[\'"]([^\'"]+)[\'"]', movie_player_js, None, 'stream API token'),
+        }
+        self.cache.store('nhk', 'api_info', api_info)
+        return api_info
+
+    def _extract_stream_info(self, vod_id):
+        for refresh in (False, True):
+            api_info = self._get_api_info(refresh)
+            if not api_info:
+                continue
+
+            api_url = api_info.pop('url')
+            meta = traverse_obj(
+                self._download_json(
+                    api_url, vod_id, 'Downloading stream url info', fatal=False, query={
+                        **api_info,
+                        'type': 'json',
+                        'optional_id': vod_id,
+                        'active_flg': 1,
+                    }), ('meta', 0))
+            stream_url = traverse_obj(
+                meta, ('movie_url', ('mb_auto', 'auto_sp', 'auto_pc'), {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
+
+            if stream_url:
+                formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(stream_url, vod_id)
+                return {
+                    **traverse_obj(meta, {
+                        'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                        'timestamp': ('publication_date', {unified_timestamp}),
+                        'release_timestamp': ('insert_date', {unified_timestamp}),
+                        'modified_timestamp': ('update_date', {unified_timestamp}),
+                    }),
+                    'formats': formats,
+                    'subtitles': subtitles,
+                }
+        raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract stream url')
+
     def _extract_episode_info(self, url, episode=None):
         fetch_episode = episode is None
-        lang, m_type, episode_id = NhkVodIE._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        if len(episode_id) == 7:
+        lang, m_type, episode_id = NhkVodIE._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'type', 'id')
+        is_video = m_type == 'video'
+
+        if is_video:
             episode_id = episode_id[:4] + '-' + episode_id[4:]
 
-        is_video = m_type == 'video'
         if fetch_episode:
             episode = self._call_api(
                 episode_id, lang, is_video, True, episode_id[:4] == '9999')[0]
-        title = episode.get('sub_title_clean') or episode['sub_title']
 
         def get_clean_field(key):
-            return episode.get(key + '_clean') or episode.get(key)
+            return clean_html(episode.get(key + '_clean') or episode.get(key))
 
+        title = get_clean_field('sub_title')
         series = get_clean_field('title')
 
         thumbnails = []
@@ -53,22 +109,32 @@ def get_clean_field(key):
                 'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp' + img_path,
             })
 
+        episode_name = title
+        if series and title:
+            title = f'{series} - {title}'
+        elif series and not title:
+            title = series
+            series = None
+            episode_name = None
+        else:  # title, no series
+            episode_name = None
+
         info = {
             'id': episode_id + '-' + lang,
-            'title': '%s - %s' % (series, title) if series and title else title,
+            'title': title,
             'description': get_clean_field('description'),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'series': series,
-            'episode': title,
+            'episode': episode_name,
         }
+
         if is_video:
             vod_id = episode['vod_id']
             info.update({
-                '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                'ie_key': 'Piksel',
-                'url': 'https://player.piksel.com/v/refid/nhkworld/prefid/' + vod_id,
+                **self._extract_stream_info(vod_id),
                 'id': vod_id,
             })
+
         else:
             if fetch_episode:
                 audio_path = episode['audio']['audio']
@@ -89,33 +155,60 @@ def get_clean_field(key):
 
 class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
     # the 7-character IDs can have alphabetic chars too: assume [a-z] rather than just [a-f], eg
-    _VALID_URL = r'%s%s(?P<id>[0-9a-z]{7}|[^/]+?-\d{8}-[0-9a-z]+)' % (NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX, NhkBaseIE._TYPE_REGEX)
+    _VALID_URL = [rf'{NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}/(?P<type>video)/(?P<id>[0-9a-z]+)',
+                  rf'{NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}/(?P<type>audio)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+?-\d{{8}}-[0-9a-z]+)']
     # Content available only for a limited period of time. Visit
     # https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/ for working samples.
     _TESTS = [{
-        # video clip
-        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9999011/',
-        'md5': '7a90abcfe610ec22a6bfe15bd46b30ca',
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2049126/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'a95j5iza',
+            'id': 'nw_vod_v_en_2049_126_20230413233000_01_1681398302',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Dining with the Chef - Chef Saito's Family recipe: MENCHI-KATSU",
-            'description': 'md5:5aee4a9f9d81c26281862382103b0ea5',
-            'timestamp': 1565965194,
-            'upload_date': '20190816',
+            'title': 'Japan Railway Journal - The Tohoku Shinkansen: Full Speed Ahead',
+            'description': 'md5:49f7c5b206e03868a2fdf0d0814b92f6',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:51bcef4a21936e7fea1ff4e06353f463',
+            'episode': 'The Tohoku Shinkansen: Full Speed Ahead',
+            'series': 'Japan Railway Journal',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1694243656,
+            'timestamp': 1681428600,
+            'release_timestamp': 1693883728,
+            'duration': 1679,
+            'upload_date': '20230413',
+            'modified_date': '20230909',
+            'release_date': '20230905',
+
         },
     }, {
-        # audio clip
-        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/audio/r_inventions-20201104-1/',
+        # video clip
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9999011/',
+        'md5': '153c3016dfd252ba09726588149cf0e7',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'r_inventions-20201104-1-en',
-            'ext': 'm4a',
-            'title': "Japan's Top Inventions - Miniature Video Cameras",
-            'description': 'md5:07ea722bdbbb4936fdd360b6a480c25b',
+            'id': 'lpZXIwaDE6_Z-976CPsFdxyICyWUzlT5',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Dining with the Chef - Chef Saito\'s Family recipe: MENCHI-KATSU',
+            'description': 'md5:5aee4a9f9d81c26281862382103b0ea5',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:d6a4d9b6e9be90aaadda0bcce89631ed',
+            'series': 'Dining with the Chef',
+            'episode': 'Chef Saito\'s Family recipe: MENCHI-KATSU',
+            'duration': 148,
+            'upload_date': '20190816',
+            'release_date': '20230902',
+            'release_timestamp': 1693619292,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1694168033,
+            'modified_date': '20230908',
+            'timestamp': 1565997540,
         },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
+    }, {
+        # radio
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/audio/livinginjapan-20231001-1/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'livinginjapan-20231001-1-en',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'Living in Japan - Tips for Travelers to Japan / Ramen Vending Machines',
+            'series': 'Living in Japan',
+            'description': 'md5:0a0e2077d8f07a03071e990a6f51bfab',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:960622fb6e06054a4a1a0c97ea752545',
+            'episode': 'Tips for Travelers to Japan / Ramen Vending Machines'
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/2015173/',
@@ -132,7 +225,6 @@ class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
     }, {
         # video, alphabetic character in ID #29670
         'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/9999a34/',
-        'only_matching': True,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'qfjay6cg',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -141,7 +233,38 @@ class NhkVodIE(NhkBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?:/(/[a-z0-9.-]+)+\.jpg\?w=1920&h=1080$',
             'upload_date': '20210615',
             'timestamp': 1623722008,
-        }
+        },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
+    }, {
+        # japanese-language, longer id than english
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/ja/ondemand/video/0020271111/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'nw_ja_v_jvod_ohayou_20231008',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'おはよう日本（7時台） - 10月8日放送',
+            'series': 'おはよう日本（7時台）',
+            'episode': '10月8日放送',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:d733b1c8e965ab68fb02b2d347d0e9b4',
+            'description': 'md5:9c1d6cbeadb827b955b20e99ab920ff0',
+        },
+        'skip': 'expires 2023-10-15',
+    }, {
+        # a one-off (single-episode series). title from the api is just '<p></p>'
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/video/3004952/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'nw_vod_v_en_3004_952_20230723091000_01_1690074552',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Barakan Discovers AMAMI OSHIMA: Isson\'s Treasure Island',
+            'description': 'md5:5db620c46a0698451cc59add8816b797',
+            'thumbnail': 'md5:67d9ff28009ba379bfa85ad1aaa0e2bd',
+            'release_date': '20230905',
+            'timestamp': 1690103400,
+            'duration': 2939,
+            'release_timestamp': 1693898699,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1698057495,
+            'modified_date': '20231023',
+            'upload_date': '20230723',
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -149,21 +272,31 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class NhkVodProgramIE(NhkBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'%s/program%s(?P<id>[0-9a-z]+)(?:.+?\btype=(?P<episode_type>clip|(?:radio|tv)Episode))?' % (NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX, NhkBaseIE._TYPE_REGEX)
+    _VALID_URL = rf'{NhkBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX}/program{NhkBaseIE._TYPE_REGEX}(?P<id>\w+)(?:.+?\btype=(?P<episode_type>clip|(?:radio|tv)Episode))?'
     _TESTS = [{
         # video program episodes
+        'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/program/video/sumo',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'sumo',
+            'title': 'GRAND SUMO Highlights',
+            'description': 'md5:fc20d02dc6ce85e4b72e0273aa52fdbf',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 0,
+    }, {
         'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/program/video/japanrailway',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'japanrailway',
             'title': 'Japan Railway Journal',
+            'description': 'md5:ea39d93af7d05835baadf10d1aae0e3f',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+        'playlist_mincount': 12,
     }, {
         # video program clips
         'url': 'https://www3.nhk.or.jp/nhkworld/en/ondemand/program/video/japanrailway/?type=clip',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'japanrailway',
             'title': 'Japan Railway Journal',
+            'description': 'md5:ea39d93af7d05835baadf10d1aae0e3f',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 5,
     }, {
@@ -176,8 +309,7 @@ class NhkVodProgramIE(NhkBaseIE):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        lang, m_type, program_id, episode_type = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-
+        lang, m_type, program_id, episode_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'type', 'id', 'episode_type')
         episodes = self._call_api(
             program_id, lang, m_type == 'video', False, episode_type == 'clip')
 
@@ -189,11 +321,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             entries.append(self._extract_episode_info(
                 urljoin(url, episode_path), episode))
 
-        program_title = None
-        if entries:
-            program_title = entries[0].get('series')
+        html = self._download_webpage(url, program_id)
+        program_title = clean_html(get_element_by_class('p-programDetail__title', html))
+        program_description = clean_html(get_element_by_class('p-programDetail__text', html))
 
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, program_id, program_title)
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, program_id, program_title, program_description)
 
 
 class NhkForSchoolBangumiIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -334,3 +466,216 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             for x in traverse_obj(bangumi_list, ('part', ..., 'part-video-dasid')) or []]
 
         return self.playlist_result(bangumis, program_id, title, description)
+
+
+class NhkRadiruIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['JP']
+    IE_DESC = 'NHK らじる (Radiru/Rajiru)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.nhk\.or\.jp/radio/(?:player/ondemand|ondemand/detail)\.html\?p=(?P<site>[\da-zA-Z]+)_(?P<corner>[\da-zA-Z]+)(?:_(?P<headline>[\da-zA-Z]+))?'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radio/player/ondemand.html?p=0449_01_3853544',
+        'skip': 'Episode expired on 2023-04-16',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'channel': 'NHK-FM',
+            'uploader': 'NHK-FM',
+            'description': 'md5:94b08bdeadde81a97df4ec882acce3e9',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'id': '0449_01_3853544',
+            'series': 'ジャズ・トゥナイト',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/prog/img/449/g449.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1680969600,
+            'title': 'ジャズ・トゥナイト　ＮＥＷジャズ特集',
+            'upload_date': '20230408',
+            'release_timestamp': 1680962400,
+            'release_date': '20230408',
+            'was_live': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # playlist, airs every weekday so it should _hopefully_ be okay forever
+        'url': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radio/ondemand/detail.html?p=0458_01',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0458_01',
+            'title': 'ベストオブクラシック',
+            'description': '世界中の上質な演奏会をじっくり堪能する本格派クラシック番組。',
+            'channel': 'NHK-FM',
+            'uploader': 'NHK-FM',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/prog/img/458/g458.jpg',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 3,
+    }, {
+        # one with letters in the id
+        'url': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radio/player/ondemand.html?p=F300_06_3738470',
+        'note': 'Expires on 2024-03-31',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'F300_06_3738470',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': '有島武郎「一房のぶどう」',
+            'description': '朗読：川野一宇（ラジオ深夜便アンカー）\r\n\r\n（2016年12月8日放送「ラジオ深夜便『アンカー朗読シリーズ』」より）',
+            'channel': 'NHKラジオ第1、NHK-FM',
+            'uploader': 'NHKラジオ第1、NHK-FM',
+            'timestamp': 1635757200,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radioondemand/json/F300/img/corner/box_109_thumbnail.jpg',
+            'release_date': '20161207',
+            'series': 'らじる文庫 by ラジオ深夜便 ',
+            'release_timestamp': 1481126700,
+            'upload_date': '20211101',
+        }
+    }, {
+        # news
+        'url': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radio/player/ondemand.html?p=F261_01_3855109',
+        'skip': 'Expires on 2023-04-17',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'F261_01_3855109',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'channel': 'NHKラジオ第1',
+            'uploader': 'NHKラジオ第1',
+            'timestamp': 1681635900,
+            'release_date': '20230416',
+            'series': 'NHKラジオニュース',
+            'title': '午後６時のNHKニュース',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radioondemand/json/F261/img/RADIONEWS_640.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20230416',
+            'release_timestamp': 1681635600,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_episode_info(self, headline, programme_id, series_meta):
+        episode_id = f'{programme_id}_{headline["headline_id"]}'
+        episode = traverse_obj(headline, ('file_list', 0, {dict}))
+
+        return {
+            **series_meta,
+            'id': episode_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(episode.get('file_name'), episode_id, fatal=False),
+            'container': 'm4a_dash',  # force fixup, AAC-only HLS
+            'was_live': True,
+            'series': series_meta.get('title'),
+            'thumbnail': url_or_none(headline.get('headline_image')) or series_meta.get('thumbnail'),
+            **traverse_obj(episode, {
+                'title': 'file_title',
+                'description': 'file_title_sub',
+                'timestamp': ('open_time', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('aa_vinfo4', {lambda x: x.split('_')[0]}, {unified_timestamp}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        site_id, corner_id, headline_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('site', 'corner', 'headline')
+        programme_id = f'{site_id}_{corner_id}'
+
+        if site_id == 'F261':
+            json_url = 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/s-media/news/news-site/list/v1/all.json'
+        else:
+            json_url = f'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radioondemand/json/{site_id}/bangumi_{programme_id}.json'
+
+        meta = self._download_json(json_url, programme_id)['main']
+
+        series_meta = traverse_obj(meta, {
+            'title': 'program_name',
+            'channel': 'media_name',
+            'uploader': 'media_name',
+            'thumbnail': (('thumbnail_c', 'thumbnail_p'), {url_or_none}),
+        }, get_all=False)
+
+        if headline_id:
+            return self._extract_episode_info(
+                traverse_obj(meta, (
+                    'detail_list', lambda _, v: v['headline_id'] == headline_id), get_all=False),
+                programme_id, series_meta)
+
+        def entries():
+            for headline in traverse_obj(meta, ('detail_list', ..., {dict})):
+                yield self._extract_episode_info(headline, programme_id, series_meta)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            entries(), programme_id, playlist_description=meta.get('site_detail'), **series_meta)
+
+
+class NhkRadioNewsPageIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.nhk\.or\.jp/radionews/?(?:$|[?#])'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # airs daily, on-the-hour most hours
+        'url': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radionews/',
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'F261_01',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radioondemand/json/F261/img/RADIONEWS_640.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:bf2c5b397e44bc7eb26de98d8f15d79d',
+            'channel': 'NHKラジオ第1',
+            'uploader': 'NHKラジオ第1',
+            'title': 'NHKラジオニュース',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self.url_result('https://www.nhk.or.jp/radio/ondemand/detail.html?p=F261_01', NhkRadiruIE)
+
+
+class NhkRadiruLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['JP']
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.nhk\.or\.jp/radio/player/\?ch=(?P<id>r[12]|fm)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # radio 1, no area specified
+        'url': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radio/player/?ch=r1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'r1-tokyo',
+            'title': 're:^ＮＨＫネットラジオ第1 東京.+$',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/common/img/media/r1-200x200.png',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # radio 2, area specified
+        # (the area doesnt actually matter, r2 is national)
+        'url': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radio/player/?ch=r2',
+        'params': {'extractor_args': {'nhkradirulive': {'area': ['fukuoka']}}},
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'r2-fukuoka',
+            'title': 're:^ＮＨＫネットラジオ第2 福岡.+$',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/common/img/media/r2-200x200.png',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # fm, area specified
+        'url': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radio/player/?ch=fm',
+        'params': {'extractor_args': {'nhkradirulive': {'area': ['sapporo']}}},
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'fm-sapporo',
+            'title': 're:^ＮＨＫネットラジオＦＭ 札幌.+$',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.nhk.or.jp/common/img/media/fm-200x200.png',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    _NOA_STATION_IDS = {'r1': 'n1', 'r2': 'n2', 'fm': 'n3'}
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        station = self._match_id(url)
+        area = self._configuration_arg('area', ['tokyo'])[0]
+
+        config = self._download_xml(
+            'https://www.nhk.or.jp/radio/config/config_web.xml', station, 'Downloading area information')
+        data = config.find(f'.//data//area[.="{area}"]/..')
+
+        if not data:
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid area. Valid areas are: %s' % ', '.join(
+                [i.text for i in config.findall('.//data//area')]), expected=True)
+
+        noa_info = self._download_json(
+            f'https:{config.find(".//url_program_noa").text}'.format(area=data.find('areakey').text),
+            station, note=f'Downloading {area} station metadata')
+        present_info = traverse_obj(noa_info, ('nowonair_list', self._NOA_STATION_IDS.get(station), 'present'))
+
+        return {
+            'title': ' '.join(traverse_obj(present_info, (('service', 'area',), 'name', {str}))),
+            'id': join_nonempty(station, area),
+            'thumbnails': traverse_obj(present_info, ('service', 'images', ..., {
+                'url': 'url',
+                'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+            })),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(data.find(f'{station}hls').text, station),
+            'is_live': True,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
index 9c3a5a4bc..fa2d709d2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
@@ -5,13 +5,15 @@
 import re
 import time
 
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-)
+from ..dependencies import websockets
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     OnDemandPagedList,
+    WebSocketsWrapper,
     bug_reports_message,
     clean_html,
     float_or_none,
@@ -392,7 +394,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             webpage, handle = self._download_webpage_handle(
                 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/' + video_id, video_id)
             if video_id.startswith('so'):
-                video_id = self._match_id(handle.geturl())
+                video_id = self._match_id(handle.url)
 
             api_data = self._parse_json(self._html_search_regex(
                 'data-api-data="([^"]+)"', webpage,
@@ -403,9 +405,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'https://www.nicovideo.jp/api/watch/v3/%s?_frontendId=6&_frontendVersion=0&actionTrackId=AAAAAAAAAA_%d' % (video_id, round(time.time() * 1000)), video_id,
                     note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to fetch data')['data']
             except ExtractorError:
-                if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
+                if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
                     raise
-                webpage = e.cause.read().decode('utf-8', 'replace')
+                webpage = e.cause.response.read().decode('utf-8', 'replace')
                 error_msg = self._html_search_regex(
                     r'(?s)<section\s+class="(?:(?:ErrorMessage|WatchExceptionPage-message)\s*)+">(.+?)</section>',
                     webpage, 'error reason', default=None)
@@ -477,23 +479,32 @@ def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, api_data, session_api_data):
         user_id_str = session_api_data.get('serviceUserId')
 
         thread_ids = traverse_obj(api_data, ('comment', 'threads', lambda _, v: v['isActive']))
-        raw_danmaku = self._extract_all_comments(video_id, thread_ids, user_id_str, comment_user_key)
-        if not raw_danmaku:
+        legacy_danmaku = self._extract_legacy_comments(video_id, thread_ids, user_id_str, comment_user_key) or []
+
+        new_comments = traverse_obj(api_data, ('comment', 'nvComment'))
+        new_danmaku = self._extract_new_comments(
+            new_comments.get('server'), video_id,
+            new_comments.get('params'), new_comments.get('threadKey'))
+
+        if not legacy_danmaku and not new_danmaku:
             self.report_warning(f'Failed to get comments. {bug_reports_message()}')
             return
+
         return {
             'comments': [{
                 'ext': 'json',
-                'data': json.dumps(raw_danmaku),
+                'data': json.dumps(legacy_danmaku + new_danmaku),
             }],
         }
 
-    def _extract_all_comments(self, video_id, threads, user_id, user_key):
+    def _extract_legacy_comments(self, video_id, threads, user_id, user_key):
         auth_data = {
             'user_id': user_id,
             'userkey': user_key,
         } if user_id and user_key else {'user_id': ''}
 
+        api_url = traverse_obj(threads, (..., 'server'), get_all=False)
+
         # Request Start
         post_data = [{'ping': {'content': 'rs:0'}}]
         for i, thread in enumerate(threads):
@@ -532,17 +543,32 @@ def _extract_all_comments(self, video_id, threads, user_id, user_key):
         # Request Final
         post_data.append({'ping': {'content': 'rf:0'}})
 
-        for api_url in self._COMMENT_API_ENDPOINTS:
-            comments = self._download_json(
-                api_url, video_id, data=json.dumps(post_data).encode(), fatal=False,
-                headers={
-                    'Referer': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/%s' % video_id,
-                    'Origin': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp',
-                    'Content-Type': 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8',
-                },
-                note='Downloading comments', errnote=f'Failed to access endpoint {api_url}')
-            if comments:
-                return comments
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'{api_url}/api.json', video_id, data=json.dumps(post_data).encode(), fatal=False,
+            headers={
+                'Referer': f'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/{video_id}',
+                'Origin': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp',
+                'Content-Type': 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8',
+            },
+            note='Downloading comments', errnote=f'Failed to access endpoint {api_url}')
+
+    def _extract_new_comments(self, endpoint, video_id, params, thread_key):
+        comments = self._download_json(
+            f'{endpoint}/v1/threads', video_id, data=json.dumps({
+                'additionals': {},
+                'params': params,
+                'threadKey': thread_key,
+            }).encode(), fatal=False,
+            headers={
+                'Referer': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/',
+                'Origin': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp',
+                'Content-Type': 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8',
+                'x-client-os-type': 'others',
+                'x-frontend-id': '6',
+                'x-frontend-version': '0',
+            },
+            note='Downloading comments (new)', errnote='Failed to download comments (new)')
+        return traverse_obj(comments, ('data', 'threads', ..., 'comments', ...))
 
 
 class NiconicoPlaylistBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -636,10 +662,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class NiconicoSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'niconico:series'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www\.|sp\.)?nicovideo\.jp|nico\.ms)/series/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www\.|sp\.)?nicovideo\.jp(?:/user/\d+)?|nico\.ms)/series/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/series/110226',
+        'url': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/user/44113208/series/110226',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '110226',
             'title': 'ご立派ァ！のシリーズ',
@@ -659,7 +685,7 @@ class NiconicoSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         list_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.nicovideo.jp/series/{list_id}', list_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, list_id)
 
         title = self._search_regex(
             (r'<title>「(.+)（全',
@@ -667,10 +693,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             webpage, 'title', fatal=False)
         if title:
             title = unescapeHTML(title)
-        playlist = [
-            self.url_result(f'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/{v_id}', video_id=v_id)
-            for v_id in re.findall(r'data-href=[\'"](?:https://www\.nicovideo\.jp)?/watch/([a-z0-9]+)', webpage)]
-        return self.playlist_result(playlist, list_id, title)
+        json_data = next(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None, fatal=False))
+        return self.playlist_from_matches(
+            traverse_obj(json_data, ('itemListElement', ..., 'url')), list_id, title, ie=NiconicoIE)
 
 
 class NiconicoHistoryIE(NiconicoPlaylistBaseIE):
@@ -715,7 +740,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         try:
             mylist = self._call_api(list_id, 'list', {'pageSize': 1})
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                 self.raise_login_required('You have to be logged in to get your history')
             raise
         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(list_id), list_id, **self._parse_owner(mylist))
@@ -872,3 +897,162 @@ def _entries(self, list_id):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         list_id = self._match_id(url)
         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(list_id), list_id, ie=NiconicoIE.ie_key())
+
+
+class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'niconico:live'
+    IE_DESC = 'ニコニコ生放送'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:sp\.)?live2?\.nicovideo\.jp/(?:watch|gate)/(?P<id>lv\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'note': 'this test case includes invisible characters for title, pasting them as-is',
+        'url': 'https://live.nicovideo.jp/watch/lv339533123',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'lv339533123',
+            'title': '激辛ペヤング食べます‪( ;ᯅ; )‬（歌枠オーディション参加中）',
+            'view_count': 1526,
+            'comment_count': 1772,
+            'description': '初めましてもかって言います❕\nのんびり自由に適当に暮らしてます',
+            'uploader': 'もか',
+            'channel': 'ゲストさんのコミュニティ',
+            'channel_id': 'co5776900',
+            'channel_url': 'https://com.nicovideo.jp/community/co5776900',
+            'timestamp': 1670677328,
+            'is_live': True,
+        },
+        'skip': 'livestream',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://live2.nicovideo.jp/watch/lv339533123',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://sp.live.nicovideo.jp/watch/lv339533123',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://sp.live2.nicovideo.jp/watch/lv339533123',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _KNOWN_LATENCY = ('high', 'low')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        if not websockets:
+            raise ExtractorError('websockets library is not available. Please install it.', expected=True)
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(f'https://live.nicovideo.jp/watch/{video_id}', video_id)
+
+        embedded_data = self._parse_json(unescapeHTML(self._search_regex(
+            r'<script\s+id="embedded-data"\s*data-props="(.+?)"', webpage, 'embedded data')), video_id)
+
+        ws_url = traverse_obj(embedded_data, ('site', 'relive', 'webSocketUrl'))
+        if not ws_url:
+            raise ExtractorError('The live hasn\'t started yet or already ended.', expected=True)
+        ws_url = update_url_query(ws_url, {
+            'frontend_id': traverse_obj(embedded_data, ('site', 'frontendId')) or '9',
+        })
+
+        hostname = remove_start(urlparse(urlh.url).hostname, 'sp.')
+        cookies = try_get(urlh.url, self._downloader._calc_cookies)
+        latency = try_get(self._configuration_arg('latency'), lambda x: x[0])
+        if latency not in self._KNOWN_LATENCY:
+            latency = 'high'
+
+        ws = WebSocketsWrapper(ws_url, {
+            'Cookies': str_or_none(cookies) or '',
+            'Origin': f'https://{hostname}',
+            'Accept': '*/*',
+            'User-Agent': self.get_param('http_headers')['User-Agent'],
+        })
+
+        self.write_debug('[debug] Sending HLS server request')
+        ws.send(json.dumps({
+            'type': 'startWatching',
+            'data': {
+                'stream': {
+                    'quality': 'abr',
+                    'protocol': 'hls+fmp4',
+                    'latency': latency,
+                    'chasePlay': False
+                },
+                'room': {
+                    'protocol': 'webSocket',
+                    'commentable': True
+                },
+                'reconnect': False,
+            }
+        }))
+
+        while True:
+            recv = ws.recv()
+            if not recv:
+                continue
+            data = json.loads(recv)
+            if not isinstance(data, dict):
+                continue
+            if data.get('type') == 'stream':
+                m3u8_url = data['data']['uri']
+                qualities = data['data']['availableQualities']
+                break
+            elif data.get('type') == 'disconnect':
+                self.write_debug(recv)
+                raise ExtractorError('Disconnected at middle of extraction')
+            elif data.get('type') == 'error':
+                self.write_debug(recv)
+                message = traverse_obj(data, ('body', 'code')) or recv
+                raise ExtractorError(message)
+            elif self.get_param('verbose', False):
+                if len(recv) > 100:
+                    recv = recv[:100] + '...'
+                self.write_debug('Server said: %s' % recv)
+
+        title = traverse_obj(embedded_data, ('program', 'title')) or self._html_search_meta(
+            ('og:title', 'twitter:title'), webpage, 'live title', fatal=False)
+
+        raw_thumbs = traverse_obj(embedded_data, ('program', 'thumbnail')) or {}
+        thumbnails = []
+        for name, value in raw_thumbs.items():
+            if not isinstance(value, dict):
+                thumbnails.append({
+                    'id': name,
+                    'url': value,
+                    **parse_resolution(value, lenient=True),
+                })
+                continue
+
+            for k, img_url in value.items():
+                res = parse_resolution(k, lenient=True) or parse_resolution(img_url, lenient=True)
+                width, height = res.get('width'), res.get('height')
+
+                thumbnails.append({
+                    'id': f'{name}_{width}x{height}',
+                    'url': img_url,
+                    **res,
+                })
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', live=True)
+        for fmt, q in zip(formats, reversed(qualities[1:])):
+            fmt.update({
+                'format_id': q,
+                'protocol': 'niconico_live',
+                'ws': ws,
+                'video_id': video_id,
+                'cookies': cookies,
+                'live_latency': latency,
+                'origin': hostname,
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': title,
+            **traverse_obj(embedded_data, {
+                'view_count': ('program', 'statistics', 'watchCount'),
+                'comment_count': ('program', 'statistics', 'commentCount'),
+                'uploader': ('program', 'supplier', 'name'),
+                'channel': ('socialGroup', 'name'),
+                'channel_id': ('socialGroup', 'id'),
+                'channel_url': ('socialGroup', 'socialGroupPageUrl'),
+            }),
+            'description': clean_html(traverse_obj(embedded_data, ('program', 'description'))),
+            'timestamp': int_or_none(traverse_obj(embedded_data, ('program', 'openTime'))),
+            'is_live': True,
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+            'formats': formats,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconicochannelplus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconicochannelplus.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..89af3f7b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconicochannelplus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,426 @@
+import functools
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
+    filter_dict,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_qs,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class NiconicoChannelPlusBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _WEBPAGE_BASE_URL = 'https://nicochannel.jp'
+
+    def _call_api(self, path, item_id, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://nfc-api.nicochannel.jp/fc/{path}', video_id=item_id, *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _find_fanclub_site_id(self, channel_name):
+        fanclub_list_json = self._call_api(
+            'content_providers/channels', item_id=f'channels/{channel_name}',
+            note='Fetching channel list', errnote='Unable to fetch channel list',
+        )['data']['content_providers']
+        fanclub_id = traverse_obj(fanclub_list_json, (
+            lambda _, v: v['domain'] == f'{self._WEBPAGE_BASE_URL}/{channel_name}', 'id'),
+            get_all=False)
+        if not fanclub_id:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Channel {channel_name} does not exist', expected=True)
+        return fanclub_id
+
+    def _get_channel_base_info(self, fanclub_site_id):
+        return traverse_obj(self._call_api(
+            f'fanclub_sites/{fanclub_site_id}/page_base_info', item_id=f'fanclub_sites/{fanclub_site_id}',
+            note='Fetching channel base info', errnote='Unable to fetch channel base info', fatal=False,
+        ), ('data', 'fanclub_site', {dict})) or {}
+
+    def _get_channel_user_info(self, fanclub_site_id):
+        return traverse_obj(self._call_api(
+            f'fanclub_sites/{fanclub_site_id}/user_info', item_id=f'fanclub_sites/{fanclub_site_id}',
+            note='Fetching channel user info', errnote='Unable to fetch channel user info', fatal=False,
+            data=json.dumps('null').encode('ascii'),
+        ), ('data', 'fanclub_site', {dict})) or {}
+
+
+class NiconicoChannelPlusIE(NiconicoChannelPlusBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'NiconicoChannelPlus'
+    IE_DESC = 'ニコニコチャンネルプラス'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://nicochannel\.jp/(?P<channel>[\w.-]+)/(?:video|live)/(?P<code>sm\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/kaorin/video/smsDd8EdFLcVZk9yyAhD6H7H',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'smsDd8EdFLcVZk9yyAhD6H7H',
+            'title': '前田佳織里はニコ生がしたい！',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'channel': '前田佳織里の世界攻略計画',
+            'channel_id': 'kaorin',
+            'channel_url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/kaorin',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://nicochannel.jp/public_html/contents/video_pages/74/thumbnail_path',
+            'description': '２０２１年１１月に放送された\n「前田佳織里はニコ生がしたい！」アーカイブになります。',
+            'timestamp': 1641360276,
+            'duration': 4097,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20220105',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # age limited video; test purpose channel.
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/video/smDXbcrtyPNxLx9jc4BW69Ve',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'smDXbcrtyPNxLx9jc4BW69Ve',
+            'title': 'test oshiro',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'channel': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン',
+            'channel_id': 'testman',
+            'channel_url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'timestamp': 1666344616,
+            'duration': 86465,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20221021',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        content_code, channel_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('code', 'channel')
+        fanclub_site_id = self._find_fanclub_site_id(channel_id)
+
+        data_json = self._call_api(
+            f'video_pages/{content_code}', item_id=content_code, headers={'fc_use_device': 'null'},
+            note='Fetching video page info', errnote='Unable to fetch video page info',
+        )['data']['video_page']
+
+        live_status, session_id = self._get_live_status_and_session_id(content_code, data_json)
+
+        release_timestamp_str = data_json.get('live_scheduled_start_at')
+
+        formats = []
+
+        if live_status == 'is_upcoming':
+            if release_timestamp_str:
+                msg = f'This live event will begin at {release_timestamp_str} UTC'
+            else:
+                msg = 'This event has not started yet'
+            self.raise_no_formats(msg, expected=True, video_id=content_code)
+        else:
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                # "authenticated_url" is a format string that contains "{session_id}".
+                m3u8_url=data_json['video_stream']['authenticated_url'].format(session_id=session_id),
+                video_id=content_code)
+
+        return {
+            'id': content_code,
+            'formats': formats,
+            '_format_sort_fields': ('tbr', 'vcodec', 'acodec'),
+            'channel': self._get_channel_base_info(fanclub_site_id).get('fanclub_site_name'),
+            'channel_id': channel_id,
+            'channel_url': f'{self._WEBPAGE_BASE_URL}/{channel_id}',
+            'age_limit': traverse_obj(self._get_channel_user_info(fanclub_site_id), ('content_provider', 'age_limit')),
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            'release_timestamp': unified_timestamp(release_timestamp_str),
+            **traverse_obj(data_json, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail_url', {url_or_none}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('released_at', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'duration': ('active_video_filename', 'length', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('video_aggregate_info', 'number_of_comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('video_aggregate_info', 'total_views', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('video_tags', ..., 'tag', {str}),
+            }),
+            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(
+                content_code=content_code,
+                comment_group_id=traverse_obj(data_json, ('video_comment_setting', 'comment_group_id'))),
+        }
+
+    def _get_comments(self, content_code, comment_group_id):
+        item_id = f'{content_code}/comments'
+
+        if not comment_group_id:
+            return None
+
+        comment_access_token = self._call_api(
+            f'video_pages/{content_code}/comments_user_token', item_id,
+            note='Getting comment token', errnote='Unable to get comment token',
+        )['data']['access_token']
+
+        comment_list = self._download_json(
+            'https://comm-api.sheeta.com/messages.history', video_id=item_id,
+            note='Fetching comments', errnote='Unable to fetch comments',
+            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+            query={
+                'sort_direction': 'asc',
+                'limit': int_or_none(self._configuration_arg('max_comments', [''])[0]) or 120,
+            },
+            data=json.dumps({
+                'token': comment_access_token,
+                'group_id': comment_group_id,
+            }).encode('ascii'))
+
+        for comment in traverse_obj(comment_list, ...):
+            yield traverse_obj(comment, {
+                'author': ('nickname', {str}),
+                'author_id': ('sender_id', {str_or_none}),
+                'id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'text': ('message', {str}),
+                'timestamp': (('updated_at', 'sent_at', 'created_at'), {unified_timestamp}),
+                'author_is_uploader': ('sender_id', {lambda x: x == '-1'}),
+            }, get_all=False)
+
+    def _get_live_status_and_session_id(self, content_code, data_json):
+        video_type = data_json.get('type')
+        live_finished_at = data_json.get('live_finished_at')
+
+        payload = {}
+        if video_type == 'vod':
+            if live_finished_at:
+                live_status = 'was_live'
+            else:
+                live_status = 'not_live'
+        elif video_type == 'live':
+            if not data_json.get('live_started_at'):
+                return 'is_upcoming', ''
+
+            if not live_finished_at:
+                live_status = 'is_live'
+            else:
+                live_status = 'was_live'
+                payload = {'broadcast_type': 'dvr'}
+
+                video_allow_dvr_flg = traverse_obj(data_json, ('video', 'allow_dvr_flg'))
+                video_convert_to_vod_flg = traverse_obj(data_json, ('video', 'convert_to_vod_flg'))
+
+                self.write_debug(f'allow_dvr_flg = {video_allow_dvr_flg}, convert_to_vod_flg = {video_convert_to_vod_flg}.')
+
+                if not (video_allow_dvr_flg and video_convert_to_vod_flg):
+                    raise ExtractorError(
+                        'Live was ended, there is no video for download.', video_id=content_code, expected=True)
+        else:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unknown type: {video_type}', video_id=content_code, expected=False)
+
+        self.write_debug(f'{content_code}: video_type={video_type}, live_status={live_status}')
+
+        session_id = self._call_api(
+            f'video_pages/{content_code}/session_ids', item_id=f'{content_code}/session',
+            data=json.dumps(payload).encode('ascii'), headers={
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                'fc_use_device': 'null',
+                'origin': 'https://nicochannel.jp',
+            },
+            note='Getting session id', errnote='Unable to get session id',
+        )['data']['session_id']
+
+        return live_status, session_id
+
+
+class NiconicoChannelPlusChannelBaseIE(NiconicoChannelPlusBaseIE):
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 12
+
+    def _fetch_paged_channel_video_list(self, path, query, channel_name, item_id, page):
+        response = self._call_api(
+            path, item_id, query={
+                **query,
+                'page': (page + 1),
+                'per_page': self._PAGE_SIZE,
+            },
+            headers={'fc_use_device': 'null'},
+            note=f'Getting channel info (page {page + 1})',
+            errnote=f'Unable to get channel info (page {page + 1})')
+
+        for content_code in traverse_obj(response, ('data', 'video_pages', 'list', ..., 'content_code')):
+            # "video/{content_code}" works for both VOD and live, but "live/{content_code}" doesn't work for VOD
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'{self._WEBPAGE_BASE_URL}/{channel_name}/video/{content_code}', NiconicoChannelPlusIE)
+
+
+class NiconicoChannelPlusChannelVideosIE(NiconicoChannelPlusChannelBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'NiconicoChannelPlus:channel:videos'
+    IE_DESC = 'ニコニコチャンネルプラス - チャンネル - 動画リスト. nicochannel.jp/channel/videos'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://nicochannel\.jp/(?P<id>[a-z\d\._-]+)/videos(?:\?.*)?'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # query: None
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/videos',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testman-videos',
+            'title': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 18,
+    }, {
+        # query: None
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testtarou/videos',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testtarou-videos',
+            'title': 'チャンネルプラステスト太郎-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+    }, {
+        # query: None
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testjirou/videos',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testjirou-videos',
+            'title': 'チャンネルプラステスト二郎-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 12,
+    }, {
+        # query: tag
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/videos?tag=%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%BC%E7%94%A8',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testman-videos',
+            'title': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
+    }, {
+        # query: vodType
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/videos?vodType=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testman-videos',
+            'title': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 18,
+    }, {
+        # query: sort
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/videos?sort=-released_at',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testman-videos',
+            'title': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 18,
+    }, {
+        # query: tag, vodType
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/videos?tag=%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%BC%E7%94%A8&vodType=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testman-videos',
+            'title': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
+    }, {
+        # query: tag, sort
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/videos?tag=%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%BC%E7%94%A8&sort=-released_at',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testman-videos',
+            'title': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
+    }, {
+        # query: vodType, sort
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/videos?vodType=1&sort=-released_at',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testman-videos',
+            'title': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 18,
+    }, {
+        # query: tag, vodType, sort
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/videos?tag=%E6%A4%9C%E8%A8%BC%E7%94%A8&vodType=1&sort=-released_at',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testman-videos',
+            'title': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン-videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        """
+        API parameters:
+            sort:
+                -released_at         公開日が新しい順 (newest to oldest)
+                 released_at         公開日が古い順 (oldest to newest)
+                -number_of_vod_views 再生数が多い順 (most play count)
+                 number_of_vod_views コメントが多い順 (most comments)
+            vod_type (is "vodType" in "url"):
+                0 すべて (all)
+                1 会員限定 (members only)
+                2 一部無料 (partially free)
+                3 レンタル (rental)
+                4 生放送アーカイブ (live archives)
+                5 アップロード動画 (uploaded videos)
+        """
+
+        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
+        fanclub_site_id = self._find_fanclub_site_id(channel_id)
+        channel_name = self._get_channel_base_info(fanclub_site_id).get('fanclub_site_name')
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            OnDemandPagedList(
+                functools.partial(
+                    self._fetch_paged_channel_video_list, f'fanclub_sites/{fanclub_site_id}/video_pages',
+                    filter_dict({
+                        'tag': traverse_obj(qs, ('tag', 0)),
+                        'sort': traverse_obj(qs, ('sort', 0), default='-released_at'),
+                        'vod_type': traverse_obj(qs, ('vodType', 0), default='0'),
+                    }),
+                    channel_id, f'{channel_id}/videos'),
+                self._PAGE_SIZE),
+            playlist_id=f'{channel_id}-videos', playlist_title=f'{channel_name}-videos')
+
+
+class NiconicoChannelPlusChannelLivesIE(NiconicoChannelPlusChannelBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'NiconicoChannelPlus:channel:lives'
+    IE_DESC = 'ニコニコチャンネルプラス - チャンネル - ライブリスト. nicochannel.jp/channel/lives'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://nicochannel\.jp/(?P<id>[a-z\d\._-]+)/lives'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testman/lives',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testman-lives',
+            'title': '本番チャンネルプラステストマン-lives',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 18,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testtarou/lives',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testtarou-lives',
+            'title': 'チャンネルプラステスト太郎-lives',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://nicochannel.jp/testjirou/lives',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'testjirou-lives',
+            'title': 'チャンネルプラステスト二郎-lives',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        """
+        API parameters:
+            live_type:
+                1 放送中 (on air)
+                2 放送予定 (scheduled live streams, oldest to newest)
+                3 過去の放送 - すべて (all ended live streams, newest to oldest)
+                4 過去の放送 - 生放送アーカイブ (all archives for live streams, oldest to newest)
+            We use "4" instead of "3" because some recently ended live streams could not be downloaded.
+        """
+
+        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
+        fanclub_site_id = self._find_fanclub_site_id(channel_id)
+        channel_name = self._get_channel_base_info(fanclub_site_id).get('fanclub_site_name')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            OnDemandPagedList(
+                functools.partial(
+                    self._fetch_paged_channel_video_list, f'fanclub_sites/{fanclub_site_id}/live_pages',
+                    {
+                        'live_type': 4,
+                    },
+                    channel_id, f'{channel_id}/lives'),
+                self._PAGE_SIZE),
+            playlist_id=f'{channel_id}-lives', playlist_title=f'{channel_name}-lives')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ninenow.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ninenow.py
index b970f8ccb..c655b75f4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ninenow.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ninenow.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class NineNowIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20210421',
         },
         'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks'],
-        'params':{
+        'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         }
     }]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nitter.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nitter.py
index 5d1ca1f5d..35d1311dc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nitter.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nitter.py
@@ -265,6 +265,26 @@ class NitterIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
             }
+        }, {  # no OpenGraph title
+            'url': f'https://{current_instance}/LocalBateman/status/1678455464038735895#m',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1678455464038735895',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Your Typical Local Man - Local man, what did Romanians ever do to you?',
+                'description': 'Local man, what did Romanians ever do to you?',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+                'uploader': 'Your Typical Local Man',
+                'uploader_id': 'LocalBateman',
+                'uploader_url': f'https://{current_instance}/LocalBateman',
+                'upload_date': '20230710',
+                'timestamp': 1689009900,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'comment_count': int,
+            },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in the HLS manifest'],
+            'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
         }
     ]
 
@@ -292,7 +312,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'ext': ext
             }]
 
-        title = description = self._og_search_description(full_webpage) or self._html_search_regex(
+        title = description = self._og_search_description(full_webpage, default=None) or self._html_search_regex(
             r'<div class="tweet-content[^>]+>([^<]+)</div>', webpage, 'title', fatal=False)
 
         uploader_id = self._html_search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/njpwworld.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/njpwworld.py
index 7b8a526f0..607838133 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/njpwworld.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/njpwworld.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             data=urlencode_postdata({'login_id': username, 'pw': password}),
             headers={'Referer': 'https://front.njpwworld.com/auth'})
         # /auth/login will return 302 for successful logins
-        if urlh.geturl() == self._LOGIN_URL:
+        if urlh.url == self._LOGIN_URL:
             self.report_warning('unable to login')
             return False
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py
index e6208956f..1c1a763dc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    parse_duration,
+    int_or_none,
     parse_count,
-    unified_strdate
+    parse_duration,
+    unified_strdate,
+    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class NoodleMagazineIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -37,21 +40,36 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         like_count = parse_count(self._html_search_meta('ya:ovs:likes', webpage, default=None))
         upload_date = unified_strdate(self._html_search_meta('ya:ovs:upload_date', webpage, default=''))
 
-        key = self._html_search_regex(rf'/{video_id}\?(?:.*&)?m=([^&"\'\s,]+)', webpage, 'key')
-        playlist_info = self._download_json(f'https://adult.noodlemagazine.com/playlist/{video_id}?m={key}', video_id)
-        thumbnail = self._og_search_property('image', webpage, default=None) or playlist_info.get('image')
+        def build_url(url_or_path):
+            return urljoin('https://adult.noodlemagazine.com', url_or_path)
 
-        formats = [{
-            'url': source.get('file'),
-            'quality': source.get('label'),
-            'ext': source.get('type'),
-        } for source in playlist_info.get('sources')]
+        headers = {'Referer': url}
+        player_path = self._html_search_regex(
+            r'<iframe[^>]+\bid="iplayer"[^>]+\bsrc="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'player path')
+        player_iframe = self._download_webpage(
+            build_url(player_path), video_id, 'Downloading iframe page', headers=headers)
+        playlist_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'window\.playlistUrl\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)["\']', player_iframe, 'playlist url')
+        playlist_info = self._download_json(build_url(playlist_url), video_id, headers=headers)
+
+        formats = []
+        for source in traverse_obj(playlist_info, ('sources', lambda _, v: v['file'])):
+            if source.get('type') == 'hls':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    build_url(source['file']), video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls'))
+            else:
+                formats.append(traverse_obj(source, {
+                    'url': ('file', {build_url}),
+                    'format_id': 'label',
+                    'height': ('label', {int_or_none}),
+                    'ext': 'type',
+                }))
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
             'title': title,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
+            'thumbnail': self._og_search_property('image', webpage, default=None) or playlist_info.get('image'),
             'duration': duration,
             'description': description,
             'tags': tags,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nosvideo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nosvideo.py
index b6d3ea40c..7e9688c0b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nosvideo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nosvideo.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import Request
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    sanitized_Request,
     urlencode_postdata,
     xpath_text,
     xpath_with_ns,
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'op': 'download1',
             'method_free': 'Continue to Video',
         }
-        req = sanitized_Request(url, urlencode_postdata(fields))
-        req.add_header('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
+        req = Request(url, urlencode_postdata(fields))
+        req.headers['Content-type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
         webpage = self._download_webpage(req, video_id,
                                          'Downloading download page')
         if re.search(self._FILE_DELETED_REGEX, webpage) is not None:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nova.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nova.py
index 8bd3fd472..8a7dfceeb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nova.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nova.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
-    qualities,
     traverse_obj,
     unified_strdate,
     url_or_none,
@@ -14,7 +13,7 @@
 
 
 class NovaEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://media\.cms\.nova\.cz/embed/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://media(?:tn)?\.cms\.nova\.cz/embed/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://media.cms.nova.cz/embed/8o0n0r?autoplay=1',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -38,6 +37,16 @@ class NovaEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 114,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://mediatn.cms.nova.cz/embed/EU5ELEsmOHt?autoplay=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'EU5ELEsmOHt',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Haptické křeslo, bionická ruka nebo roboti. Reportérka se podívala na Týden inovací',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'duration': 1780,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -49,77 +58,52 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         duration = None
         formats = []
 
-        player = self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                (r'(?:(?:replacePlaceholders|processAdTagModifier).*?:\s*)?(?:replacePlaceholders|processAdTagModifier)\s*\(\s*(?P<json>{.*?})\s*\)(?:\s*\))?\s*,',
-                    r'Player\.init\s*\([^,]+,(?P<cndn>\s*\w+\s*\?)?\s*(?P<json>{(?(cndn).+?|.+)})\s*(?(cndn):|,\s*{.+?}\s*\)\s*;)'),
-                webpage, 'player', default='{}', group='json'), video_id, fatal=False)
-        if player:
-            for format_id, format_list in player['tracks'].items():
-                if not isinstance(format_list, list):
-                    format_list = [format_list]
-                for format_dict in format_list:
-                    if not isinstance(format_dict, dict):
-                        continue
-                    if (not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats')
-                            and traverse_obj(format_dict, ('drm', 'keySystem'))):
-                        has_drm = True
-                        continue
-                    format_url = url_or_none(format_dict.get('src'))
-                    format_type = format_dict.get('type')
-                    ext = determine_ext(format_url)
-                    if (format_type == 'application/x-mpegURL'
-                            or format_id == 'HLS' or ext == 'm3u8'):
-                        formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                            format_url, video_id, 'mp4',
-                            entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls',
-                            fatal=False))
-                    elif (format_type == 'application/dash+xml'
-                          or format_id == 'DASH' or ext == 'mpd'):
-                        formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                            format_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
-                    else:
-                        formats.append({
-                            'url': format_url,
-                        })
-            duration = int_or_none(player.get('duration'))
-        else:
-            # Old path, not actual as of 08.04.2020
-            bitrates = self._parse_json(
-                self._search_regex(
-                    r'(?s)(?:src|bitrates)\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;', webpage, 'formats'),
-                video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
-
-            QUALITIES = ('lq', 'mq', 'hq', 'hd')
-            quality_key = qualities(QUALITIES)
-
-            for format_id, format_list in bitrates.items():
-                if not isinstance(format_list, list):
-                    format_list = [format_list]
-                for format_url in format_list:
-                    format_url = url_or_none(format_url)
-                    if not format_url:
-                        continue
-                    if format_id == 'hls':
-                        formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                            format_url, video_id, ext='mp4',
-                            entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls',
-                            fatal=False))
-                        continue
-                    f = {
+        def process_format_list(format_list, format_id=""):
+            nonlocal formats, has_drm
+            if not isinstance(format_list, list):
+                format_list = [format_list]
+            for format_dict in format_list:
+                if not isinstance(format_dict, dict):
+                    continue
+                if (not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats')
+                        and traverse_obj(format_dict, ('drm', 'keySystem'))):
+                    has_drm = True
+                    continue
+                format_url = url_or_none(format_dict.get('src'))
+                format_type = format_dict.get('type')
+                ext = determine_ext(format_url)
+                if (format_type == 'application/x-mpegURL'
+                        or format_id == 'HLS' or ext == 'm3u8'):
+                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                        format_url, video_id, 'mp4',
+                        entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls',
+                        fatal=False))
+                elif (format_type == 'application/dash+xml'
+                      or format_id == 'DASH' or ext == 'mpd'):
+                    formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                        format_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
+                else:
+                    formats.append({
                         'url': format_url,
-                    }
-                    f_id = format_id
-                    for quality in QUALITIES:
-                        if '%s.mp4' % quality in format_url:
-                            f_id += '-%s' % quality
-                            f.update({
-                                'quality': quality_key(quality),
-                                'format_note': quality.upper(),
-                            })
-                            break
-                    f['format_id'] = f_id
-                    formats.append(f)
+                    })
+
+        player = self._search_json(
+            r'player:', webpage, 'player', video_id, fatal=False, end_pattern=r';\s*</script>')
+        if player:
+            for src in traverse_obj(player, ('lib', 'source', 'sources', ...)):
+                process_format_list(src)
+            duration = traverse_obj(player, ('sourceInfo', 'duration', {int_or_none}))
+        if not formats and not has_drm:
+            # older code path, in use before August 2023
+            player = self._parse_json(
+                self._search_regex(
+                    (r'(?:(?:replacePlaceholders|processAdTagModifier).*?:\s*)?(?:replacePlaceholders|processAdTagModifier)\s*\(\s*(?P<json>{.*?})\s*\)(?:\s*\))?\s*,',
+                     r'Player\.init\s*\([^,]+,(?P<cndn>\s*\w+\s*\?)?\s*(?P<json>{(?(cndn).+?|.+)})\s*(?(cndn):|,\s*{.+?}\s*\)\s*;)'),
+                    webpage, 'player', group='json'), video_id)
+            if player:
+                for format_id, format_list in player['tracks'].items():
+                    process_format_list(format_list, format_id)
+                duration = int_or_none(player.get('duration'))
 
         if not formats and has_drm:
             self.report_drm(video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/novaplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/novaplay.py
index 92d1d136c..d8849cd88 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/novaplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/novaplay.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 
 class NovaPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https://play.nova\.bg/video/.*/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://play\.nova\.bg/video/[^?#]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://play.nova.bg/video/ochakvaite/season-0/ochakvaite-2022-07-22-sybudi-se-sat/606627',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nowness.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nowness.py
index fc9043bce..a3c29f62c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nowness.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nowness.py
@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@
 )
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_str
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    sanitized_Request,
-)
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..utils import ExtractorError
 
 
 class NownessBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -40,7 +38,7 @@ def _extract_url_result(self, post):
 
     def _api_request(self, url, request_path):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        request = sanitized_Request(
+        request = Request(
             'http://api.nowness.com/api/' + request_path % display_id,
             headers={
                 'X-Nowness-Language': 'zh-cn' if 'cn.nowness.com' in url else 'en-us',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/npo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/npo.py
index 40fee24d0..4d5ff50de 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/npo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/npo.py
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'quality': 'npoplus',
                     'tokenId': player_token,
                     'streamType': 'broadcast',
-                })
+                }, data=b'')  # endpoint requires POST
             if not streams:
                 continue
             stream = streams.get('stream')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nrk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nrk.py
index 88d08e5e3..384865acc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nrk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nrk.py
@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError, compat_str
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ def call_playback_api(item, query=None):
             try:
                 return self._call_api(f'playback/{item}/program/{video_id}', video_id, item, query=query)
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 400:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
                     return self._call_api(f'playback/{item}/{video_id}', video_id, item, query=query)
                 raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ntvde.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ntvde.py
index 6d7ea3d18..9f3a498ab 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ntvde.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ntvde.py
@@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_urlparse
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
-    parse_duration,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class NTVDeIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'n-tv.de'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?n-tv\.de/mediathek/videos/[^/?#]+/[^/?#]+-article(?P<id>.+)\.html'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?n-tv\.de/mediathek/(?:videos|magazine)/[^/?#]+/[^/?#]+-article(?P<id>[^/?#]+)\.html'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.n-tv.de/mediathek/videos/panorama/Schnee-und-Glaette-fuehren-zu-zahlreichen-Unfaellen-und-Staus-article14438086.html',
-        'md5': '6ef2514d4b1e8e03ca24b49e2f167153',
+        'md5': '6bcf2a6638cb83f45d5561659a1cb498',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '14438086',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -23,51 +23,61 @@ class NTVDeIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Schnee und Glätte führen zu zahlreichen Unfällen und Staus',
             'alt_title': 'Winterchaos auf deutschen Straßen',
             'description': 'Schnee und Glätte sorgen deutschlandweit für einen chaotischen Start in die Woche: Auf den Straßen kommt es zu kilometerlangen Staus und Dutzenden Glätteunfällen. In Düsseldorf und München wirbelt der Schnee zudem den Flugplan durcheinander. Dutzende Flüge landen zu spät, einige fallen ganz aus.',
-            'duration': 4020,
+            'duration': 67,
             'timestamp': 1422892797,
             'upload_date': '20150202',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.n-tv.de/mediathek/magazine/auslandsreport/Juedische-Siedler-wollten-Rache-die-wollten-nur-toeten-article24523089.html',
+        'md5': 'c5c6014c014ccc3359470e1d34472bfd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '24523089',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Jüdische Siedler "wollten Rache, die wollten nur töten"',
+            'alt_title': 'Israelische Gewalt fern von Gaza',
+            'description': 'Vier Tage nach dem Massaker der Hamas greifen jüdische Siedler das Haus einer palästinensischen Familie im Westjordanland an. Die Überlebenden berichten, sie waren unbewaffnet, die Angreifer seien nur auf "Rache und Töten" aus gewesen. Als die Toten beerdigt werden sollen, eröffnen die Siedler erneut das Feuer.',
+            'duration': 326,
+            'timestamp': 1699688294,
+            'upload_date': '20231111',
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        info = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?s)ntv\.pageInfo\.article\s*=\s*(\{.*?\});', webpage, 'info'),
-            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
-        timestamp = int_or_none(info.get('publishedDateAsUnixTimeStamp'))
-        vdata = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?s)\$\(\s*"\#player"\s*\)\s*\.data\(\s*"player",\s*(\{.*?\})\);',
-            webpage, 'player data'), video_id,
-            transform_source=lambda s: js_to_json(re.sub(r'advertising:\s*{[^}]+},', '', s)))
-        duration = parse_duration(vdata.get('duration'))
+        info = self._search_json(
+            r'article:', webpage, 'info', video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
+
+        vdata = self._search_json(
+            r'\$\(\s*"#playerwrapper"\s*\)\s*\.data\(\s*"player",',
+            webpage, 'player data', video_id,
+            transform_source=lambda s: js_to_json(re.sub(r'ivw:[^},]+', '', s)))['setup']['source']
 
         formats = []
-        if vdata.get('video'):
+        if vdata.get('progressive'):
             formats.append({
-                'format_id': 'flash',
-                'url': 'rtmp://fms.n-tv.de/%s' % vdata['video'],
+                'format_id': 'http',
+                'url': vdata['progressive'],
             })
-        if vdata.get('videoMp4'):
-            formats.append({
-                'format_id': 'mobile',
-                'url': compat_urlparse.urljoin('http://video.n-tv.de', vdata['videoMp4']),
-                'tbr': 400,  # estimation
-            })
-        if vdata.get('videoM3u8'):
-            m3u8_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin('http://video.n-tv.de', vdata['videoM3u8'])
+        if vdata.get('hls'):
             formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-                quality=1, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+                vdata['hls'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+        if vdata.get('dash'):
+            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(vdata['dash'], video_id, fatal=False, mpd_id='dash'))
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': info['headline'],
-            'description': info.get('intro'),
-            'alt_title': info.get('kicker'),
-            'timestamp': timestamp,
-            'thumbnail': vdata.get('html5VideoPoster'),
-            'duration': duration,
+            **traverse_obj(info, {
+                'title': 'headline',
+                'description': 'intro',
+                'alt_title': 'kicker',
+                'timestamp': ('publishedDateAsUnixTimeStamp', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(vdata, {
+                'thumbnail': ('poster', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('length', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
             'formats': formats,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
index d4f1d9d67..1d630f547 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 class NubilesPornIE(InfoExtractor):
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'nubiles-porn'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        https://members.nubiles-porn.com/video/watch/(?P<id>\d+)
+        https://members\.nubiles-porn\.com/video/watch/(?P<id>\d+)
         (?:/(?P<display_id>[\w\-]+-s(?P<season>\d+)e(?P<episode>\d+)))?
     '''
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/odkmedia.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/odkmedia.py
index 2960860d6..b852160b9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/odkmedia.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/odkmedia.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
-import urllib.error
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     GeoRestrictedError,
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 f'https://odkmedia.io/odc/api/v2/playback/{video_info["id"]}/', display_id,
                 headers={'Authorization': '', 'service-name': 'odc'})
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError):
-                error_data = self._parse_json(e.cause.read(), display_id)['detail']
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
+                error_data = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read(), display_id)['detail']
                 raise GeoRestrictedError(error_data)
 
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/odnoklassniki.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/odnoklassniki.py
index 4b73eed37..1be45d8ad 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/odnoklassniki.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/odnoklassniki.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
@@ -5,6 +7,7 @@
     compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
     compat_urllib_parse_urlparse,
 )
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
@@ -15,6 +18,7 @@
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_strdate,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
@@ -41,7 +45,7 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'timestamp': 1545580896,
             'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://coub-attachments.akamaized.net/coub_storage/coub/simple/cw_image/c5ac87553bd/608e806a1239c210ab692/1545580913_00026.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
             'title': 'Народная забава',
             'uploader': 'Nevata',
             'upload_date': '20181223',
@@ -65,13 +69,14 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': str,
             'uploader': str,
         },
+        'skip': 'vk extractor error',
     }, {
-        # metadata in JSON
+        # metadata in JSON, webm_dash with Firefox UA
         'url': 'http://ok.ru/video/20079905452',
-        'md5': '5d2b64756e2af296e3b383a0bc02a6aa',
+        'md5': '8f477d8931c531374a3e36daec617b2c',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '20079905452',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'ext': 'webm',
             'title': 'Культура меняет нас (прекрасный ролик!))',
             'thumbnail': str,
             'duration': 100,
@@ -81,10 +86,14 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
             'like_count': int,
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
+        'params': {
+            'format': 'bv[ext=webm]',
+            'http_headers': {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:102.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/102.0'},
+        },
     }, {
         # metadataUrl
         'url': 'http://ok.ru/video/63567059965189-0?fromTime=5',
-        'md5': 'f8c951122516af72e6e6ffdd3c41103b',
+        'md5': '2bae2f58eefe1b3d26f3926c4a64d2f3',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '63567059965189-0',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -98,10 +107,11 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
             'age_limit': 0,
             'start_time': 5,
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         # YouTube embed (metadataUrl, provider == USER_YOUTUBE)
         'url': 'https://ok.ru/video/3952212382174',
-        'md5': '91749d0bd20763a28d083fa335bbd37a',
+        'md5': '5fb5f83ce16cb212d6bf887282b5da53',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '5axVgHHDBvU',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -116,7 +126,7 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
             'live_status': 'not_live',
             'view_count': int,
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.mycdn.me/i?r=AEHujHvw2RjEbemUCNEorZbxYpb_p_9AcN2FmGik64Krkcmz37YtlY093oAM5-HIEAt7Zi9s0CiBOSDmbngC-I-k&fn=external_8',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/MrKewlkid94',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@MrKewlkid94',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
             'tags': ['youtube-dl', 'youtube playlists', 'download videos', 'download audio'],
             'channel_id': 'UCVGtvURtEURYHtJFUegdSug',
@@ -145,7 +155,6 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'skip': 'Video has not been found',
     }, {
-        # TODO: HTTP Error 400: Bad Request, it only works if there's no cookies when downloading
         'note': 'Only available in mobile webpage',
         'url': 'https://m.ok.ru/video/2361249957145',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -153,8 +162,8 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Быковское крещение',
             'duration': 3038.181,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i\.mycdn\.me/videoPreview\?.+',
         },
-        'skip': 'HTTP Error 400',
     }, {
         'note': 'subtitles',
         'url': 'https://ok.ru/video/4249587550747',
@@ -226,6 +235,12 @@ class OdnoklassnikiIE(InfoExtractor):
         'skip': 'Site no longer embeds',
     }]
 
+    def _clear_cookies(self, cdn_url):
+        # Direct http downloads will fail if CDN cookies are set
+        # so we need to reset them after each format extraction
+        self.cookiejar.clear(domain='.mycdn.me')
+        self.cookiejar.clear(domain=urllib.parse.urlparse(cdn_url).hostname)
+
     @classmethod
     def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
         for x in super()._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage):
@@ -364,14 +379,22 @@ def _extract_desktop(self, url):
         formats = [{
             'url': f['url'],
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'format_id': f['name'],
-        } for f in metadata['videos']]
+            'format_id': f.get('name'),
+        } for f in traverse_obj(metadata, ('videos', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url'])))]
 
-        m3u8_url = metadata.get('hlsManifestUrl')
+        m3u8_url = traverse_obj(metadata, 'hlsManifestUrl', 'ondemandHls')
         if m3u8_url:
             formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                 m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
                 m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+            self._clear_cookies(m3u8_url)
+
+        for mpd_id, mpd_key in [('dash', 'ondemandDash'), ('webm', 'metadataWebmUrl')]:
+            mpd_url = metadata.get(mpd_key)
+            if mpd_url:
+                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                    mpd_url, video_id, mpd_id=mpd_id, fatal=False))
+                self._clear_cookies(mpd_url)
 
         dash_manifest = metadata.get('metadataEmbedded')
         if dash_manifest:
@@ -390,6 +413,7 @@ def _extract_desktop(self, url):
         if m3u8_url:
             formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                 m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+            self._clear_cookies(m3u8_url)
         rtmp_url = metadata.get('rtmpUrl')
         if rtmp_url:
             formats.append({
@@ -423,6 +447,10 @@ def _extract_mobile(self, url):
             r'data-video="(.+?)"', webpage, 'json data')
         json_data = self._parse_json(unescapeHTML(json_data), video_id) or {}
 
+        redirect_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(
+            json_data['videoSrc']), video_id, 'Requesting download URL').url
+        self._clear_cookies(redirect_url)
+
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'title': json_data.get('videoName'),
@@ -430,7 +458,7 @@ def _extract_mobile(self, url):
             'thumbnail': json_data.get('videoPosterSrc'),
             'formats': [{
                 'format_id': 'mobile',
-                'url': json_data.get('videoSrc'),
+                'url': redirect_url,
                 'ext': 'mp4',
             }]
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/oftv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/oftv.py
index 3ae7278fb..4cac51846 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/oftv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/oftv.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 
 class OfTVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?of.tv/video/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?of\.tv/video/(?P<id>\w+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://of.tv/video/627d7d95b353db0001dadd1a',
         'md5': 'cb9cd5db3bb9ee0d32bfd7e373d6ef0a',
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class OfTVPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?of.tv/creators/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)/.?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?of\.tv/creators/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)/?(?:$|[?#])'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://of.tv/creators/this-is-fire/',
         'playlist_count': 8,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
index dd7d1d7de..81ce99fd9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
@@ -1,87 +1,167 @@
+import functools
 import re
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    js_to_json,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
+    float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    parse_age_limit,
+    parse_qs,
+    unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class OnDemandKoreaIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ondemandkorea\.com/(?P<id>[^/]+)\.html'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ondemandkorea\.com/(?:en/)?player/vod/[a-z0-9-]+\?(?:[^#]+&)?contentId=(?P<id>\d+)'
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['US', 'CA']
+
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.ondemandkorea.com/ask-us-anything-e351.html',
+        'url': 'https://www.ondemandkorea.com/player/vod/ask-us-anything?contentId=686471',
+        'md5': 'e2ff77255d989e3135bde0c5889fbce8',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'ask-us-anything-e351',
+            'id': '686471',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ask Us Anything : Jung Sung-ho, Park Seul-gi, Kim Bo-min, Yang Seung-won - 09/24/2022',
-            'description': 'A talk show/game show with a school theme where celebrity guests appear as “transfer students.”',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Ask Us Anything: Jung Sung-ho, Park Seul-gi, Kim Bo-min, Yang Seung-won',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)',
+            'duration': 5486.955,
+            'release_date': '20220924',
+            'series': 'Ask Us Anything',
+            'series_id': 11790,
+            'episode_number': 351,
+            'episode': 'Jung Sung-ho, Park Seul-gi, Kim Bo-min, Yang Seung-won',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': 'm3u8 download'
-        }
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.ondemandkorea.com/work-later-drink-now-e1.html',
+        'url': 'https://www.ondemandkorea.com/player/vod/breakup-probation-a-week?contentId=1595796',
+        'md5': '57266c720006962be7ff415b24775caa',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'work-later-drink-now-e1',
+            'id': '1595796',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Work Later, Drink Now : E01',
-            'description': 'Work Later, Drink First follows three women who find solace in a glass of liquor at the end of the day. So-hee, who gets comfort from a cup of soju af',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.png$',
-            'subtitles': {
-                'English': 'mincount:1',
-            },
+            'title': 'Breakup Probation, A Week: E08',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)',
+            'duration': 1586.0,
+            'release_date': '20231001',
+            'series': 'Breakup Probation, A Week',
+            'series_id': 22912,
+            'episode_number': 8,
+            'episode': 'E08',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': 'm3u8 download'
-        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ondemandkorea.com/player/vod/the-outlaws?contentId=369531',
+        'md5': 'fa5523b87aa1f6d74fc622a97f2b47cd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '369531',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'release_date': '20220519',
+            'duration': 7267.0,
+            'title': 'The Outlaws: Main Movie',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg|png)',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ondemandkorea.com/en/player/vod/capture-the-moment-how-is-that-possible?contentId=1605006',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, fatal=False)
 
-        if not webpage:
-            # Page sometimes returns captcha page with HTTP 403
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'Unable to access page. You may have been blocked.',
-                expected=True)
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://odkmedia.io/odx/api/v3/playback/{video_id}/', video_id, fatal=False,
+            headers={'service-name': 'odk'}, query={'did': str(uuid.uuid4())}, expected_status=(403, 404))
+        if not traverse_obj(data, ('result', {dict})):
+            msg = traverse_obj(data, ('messages', '__default'), 'title', expected_type=str)
+            raise ExtractorError(msg or 'Got empty response from playback API', expected=True)
 
-        if 'msg_block_01.png' in webpage:
-            self.raise_geo_restricted(
-                msg='This content is not available in your region',
-                countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
+        data = data['result']
 
-        if 'This video is only available to ODK PLUS members.' in webpage:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'This video is only available to ODK PLUS members.',
-                expected=True)
+        def try_geo_bypass(url):
+            return traverse_obj(url, ({parse_qs}, 'stream_url', 0, {url_or_none})) or url
 
-        if 'ODK PREMIUM Members Only' in webpage:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'This video is only available to ODK PREMIUM members.',
-                expected=True)
+        def try_upgrade_quality(url):
+            mod_url = re.sub(r'_720(p?)\.m3u8', r'_1080\1.m3u8', url)
+            return mod_url if mod_url != url and self._request_webpage(
+                HEADRequest(mod_url), video_id, note='Checking for higher quality format',
+                errnote='No higher quality format found', fatal=False) else url
 
-        title = self._search_regex(
-            r'class=["\']episode_title["\'][^>]*>([^<]+)',
-            webpage, 'episode_title', fatal=False) or self._og_search_title(webpage)
+        formats = []
+        for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(data, (('sources', 'manifest'), ..., 'url', {url_or_none}, {try_geo_bypass})):
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(try_upgrade_quality(m3u8_url), video_id, fatal=False))
 
-        jw_config = self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex((
-                r'(?P<options>{\s*[\'"]tracks[\'"].*?})[)\];]+$',
-                r'playlist\s*=\s*\[(?P<options>.+)];?$',
-                r'odkPlayer\.init.*?(?P<options>{[^;]+}).*?;',
-            ), webpage, 'jw config', flags=re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL, group='options'),
-            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
-        info = self._parse_jwplayer_data(
-            jw_config, video_id, require_title=False, m3u8_id='hls',
-            base_url=url)
+        subtitles = {}
+        for track in traverse_obj(data, ('text_tracks', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+            subtitles.setdefault(track.get('language', 'und'), []).append({
+                'url': track['url'],
+                'ext': track.get('codec'),
+                'name': track.get('label'),
+            })
 
-        info.update({
-            'title': title,
-            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
-            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage)
-        })
-        return info
+        def if_series(key=None):
+            return lambda obj: obj[key] if key and obj['kind'] == 'series' else None
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': join_nonempty(
+                ('episode', 'program', 'title'),
+                ('episode', 'title'), from_dict=data, delim=': '),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'thumbnail': ('episode', 'images', 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+                'release_date': ('episode', 'release_date', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '')}, {unified_strdate}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'age_limit': ('age_rating', 'name', {lambda x: x.replace('R', '')}, {parse_age_limit}),
+                'series': ('episode', {if_series(key='program')}, 'title'),
+                'series_id': ('episode', {if_series(key='program')}, 'id'),
+                'episode': ('episode', {if_series(key='title')}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', {if_series(key='number')}, {int_or_none}),
+            }, get_all=False),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
+
+
+class OnDemandKoreaProgramIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ondemandkorea\.com/(?:en/)?player/vod/(?P<id>[a-z0-9-]+)(?:$|#)'
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['US', 'CA']
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.ondemandkorea.com/player/vod/uskn-news',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'uskn-news',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 755,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ondemandkorea.com/en/player/vod/the-land',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'the-land',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 52,
+    }]
+
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 100
+
+    def _fetch_page(self, display_id, page):
+        page += 1
+        page_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://odkmedia.io/odx/api/v3/program/{display_id}/episodes/', display_id,
+            headers={'service-name': 'odk'}, query={
+                'page': page,
+                'page_size': self._PAGE_SIZE,
+            }, note=f'Downloading page {page}', expected_status=404)
+        for episode in traverse_obj(page_data, ('result', 'results', ...)):
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'https://www.ondemandkorea.com/player/vod/{display_id}?contentId={episode["id"]}',
+                ie=OnDemandKoreaIE, video_title=episode.get('title'))
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        entries = OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(
+            self._fetch_page, display_id), self._PAGE_SIZE)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
index e9d23a4d1..9a48ae1b3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
@@ -2,17 +2,18 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
+    InAdvancePagedList,
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     float_or_none,
-    HEADRequest,
-    InAdvancePagedList,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
+    make_archive_id,
+    mimetype2ext,
     orderedSet,
     remove_end,
-    make_archive_id,
     smuggle_url,
     strip_jsonp,
     try_call,
@@ -21,6 +22,7 @@
     unsmuggle_url,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class ORFTVthekIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -334,6 +336,45 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             self._entries(data, station or station2), show_id, data.get('title'), clean_html(data.get('subtitle')))
 
 
+class ORFPodcastIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'orf:podcast'
+    _STATION_RE = '|'.join(map(re.escape, (
+        'bgl', 'fm4', 'ktn', 'noe', 'oe1', 'oe3',
+        'ooe', 'sbg', 'stm', 'tir', 'tv', 'vbg', 'wie')))
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://sound\.orf\.at/podcast/(?P<station>{_STATION_RE})/(?P<show>[\w-]+)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://sound.orf.at/podcast/oe3/fruehstueck-bei-mir/nicolas-stockhammer-15102023',
+        'md5': '526a5700e03d271a1505386a8721ab9b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'nicolas-stockhammer-15102023',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Nicolas Stockhammer (15.10.2023)',
+            'duration': 3396.0,
+            'series': 'Frühstück bei mir',
+        },
+        'skip': 'ORF podcasts are only available for a limited time'
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        station, show, show_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('station', 'show', 'id')
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://audioapi.orf.at/radiothek/api/2.0/podcast/{station}/{show}/{show_id}', show_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': show_id,
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            **traverse_obj(data, ('payload', {
+                'url': ('enclosures', 0, 'url'),
+                'ext': ('enclosures', 0, 'type', {mimetype2ext}),
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'series': ('podcast', 'title'),
+            })),
+        }
+
+
 class ORFIPTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'orf:iptv'
     IE_DESC = 'iptv.ORF.at'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/owncloud.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/owncloud.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79fd830bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/owncloud.py
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import re
+import urllib.parse
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    determine_ext,
+    url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
+)
+
+
+class OwnCloudIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _INSTANCES_RE = '|'.join((
+        r'(?:[^\.]+\.)?sciebo\.de',
+        r'cloud\.uni-koblenz-landau\.de',
+    ))
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:{_INSTANCES_RE})/s/(?P<id>[\w.-]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://ruhr-uni-bochum.sciebo.de/s/wWhqZzh9jTumVFN',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'wWhqZzh9jTumVFN',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'CmvpJST.mp4',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://ruhr-uni-bochum.sciebo.de/s/WNDuFu0XuFtmm3f',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'WNDuFu0XuFtmm3f',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'CmvpJST.mp4',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'videopassword': '12345',
+            },
+        },
+    ]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
+
+        if re.search(r'<label[^>]+for="password"', webpage):
+            webpage = self._verify_video_password(webpage, urlh.url, video_id)
+
+        hidden_inputs = self._hidden_inputs(webpage)
+        title = hidden_inputs.get('filename')
+        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': title,
+            'url': url_or_none(hidden_inputs.get('downloadURL')) or parsed_url._replace(
+                path=urllib.parse.urljoin(parsed_url.path, 'download')).geturl(),
+            'ext': determine_ext(title),
+        }
+
+    def _verify_video_password(self, webpage, url, video_id):
+        password = self.get_param('videopassword')
+        if password is None:
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'This video is protected by a password, use the --video-password option',
+                expected=True)
+
+        validation_response = self._download_webpage(
+            url, video_id, 'Validating Password', 'Wrong password?',
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'requesttoken': self._hidden_inputs(webpage)['requesttoken'],
+                'password': password,
+            }))
+
+        if re.search(r'<label[^>]+for="password"', validation_response):
+            warning = self._search_regex(
+                r'<div[^>]+class="warning">([^<]*)</div>', validation_response,
+                'warning', default='The password is wrong')
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Opening the video failed, {self.IE_NAME} said: {warning!r}', expected=True)
+        return validation_response
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/packtpub.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/packtpub.py
index 51778d8a2..56203306f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/packtpub.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/packtpub.py
@@ -1,10 +1,7 @@
 import json
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    # compat_str,
-    compat_HTTPError,
-)
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -54,8 +51,8 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                     'password': password,
                 }).encode())['data']['access']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (400, 401, 404):
-                message = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), None)['message']
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status in (400, 401, 404):
+                message = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), None)['message']
                 raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
             raise
 
@@ -70,7 +67,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'https://services.packtpub.com/products-v1/products/%s/%s/%s' % (course_id, chapter_id, video_id), video_id,
                 'Downloading JSON video', headers=headers)['data']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 400:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
                 self.raise_login_required('This video is locked')
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py
index 6e3c9f442..5ab2b2bce 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import calendar
 import json
 import functools
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from random import random
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ def _mark_watched(self, base_url, video_id, delivery_info):
         invocation_id = delivery_info.get('InvocationId')
         stream_id = traverse_obj(delivery_info, ('Delivery', 'Streams', ..., 'PublicID'), get_all=False, expected_type=str)
         if invocation_id and stream_id and duration:
-            timestamp_str = f'/Date({calendar.timegm(datetime.utcnow().timetuple())}000)/'
+            timestamp_str = f'/Date({calendar.timegm(datetime.now(timezone.utc).timetuple())}000)/'
             data = {
                 'streamRequests': [
                     {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
index e93e37eb9..9316789df 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
 import itertools
-from urllib.error import HTTPError
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .vimeo import VimeoIE
-
 from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
+    KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
+    ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
-    ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
-    KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     mimetype2ext,
     parse_iso8601,
     str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ def _call_api(self, ep, item_id, query=None, headers=None, fatal=True, note=None
                 item_id, note='Downloading API JSON' if not note else note,
                 query=query, fatal=fatal, headers=headers)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or mimetype2ext(e.cause.headers.get('Content-Type')) != 'json':
+            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or mimetype2ext(e.cause.response.headers.get('Content-Type')) != 'json':
                 raise
-            err_json = self._parse_json(self._webpage_read_content(e.cause, None, item_id), item_id, fatal=False)
+            err_json = self._parse_json(self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, None, item_id), item_id, fatal=False)
             err_message = traverse_obj(err_json, ('errors', ..., 'detail'), get_all=False)
             if err_message:
                 raise ExtractorError(f'Patreon said: {err_message}', expected=True)
@@ -404,8 +404,8 @@ def _entries(self, campaign_id):
             posts_json = self._call_api('posts', campaign_id, query=params, note='Downloading posts page %d' % page)
 
             cursor = traverse_obj(posts_json, ('meta', 'pagination', 'cursors', 'next'))
-            for post in posts_json.get('data') or []:
-                yield self.url_result(url_or_none(traverse_obj(post, ('attributes', 'patreon_url'))), 'Patreon')
+            for post_url in traverse_obj(posts_json, ('data', ..., 'attributes', 'patreon_url')):
+                yield self.url_result(urljoin('https://www.patreon.com/', post_url), PatreonIE)
 
             if cursor is None:
                 break
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py
index 5bdf561db..2bb2ea9f1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
     orderedSet,
     strip_jsonp,
     strip_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
     unified_strdate,
     url_or_none,
     US_RATINGS,
@@ -696,3 +697,61 @@ def extract_redirect_urls(info):
             'subtitles': subtitles,
             'chapters': chapters,
         }
+
+
+class PBSKidsIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?pbskids\.org/video/[\w-]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://pbskids.org/video/molly-of-denali/3030407927',
+            'md5': '1ded20a017cc6b53446238f1804ce4c7',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3030407927',
+                'title': 'Bird in the Hand/Bye-Bye Birdie',
+                'channel': 'molly-of-denali',
+                'duration': 1540,
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'series': 'Molly of Denali',
+                'description': 'md5:d006b2211633685d8ebc8d03b6d5611e',
+                'categories': ['Episode'],
+                'upload_date': '20190718',
+            }
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://pbskids.org/video/plum-landing/2365205059',
+            'md5': '92e5d189851a64ae1d0237a965be71f5',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '2365205059',
+                'title': 'Cooper\'s Favorite Place in Nature',
+                'channel': 'plum-landing',
+                'duration': 67,
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'series': 'Plum Landing',
+                'description': 'md5:657e5fc4356a84ead1c061eb280ff05d',
+                'categories': ['Episode'],
+                'upload_date': '20140302',
+            }
+        }
+    ]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        meta = self._search_json(r'window\._PBS_KIDS_DEEPLINK\s*=', webpage, 'video info', video_id)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+            traverse_obj(meta, ('video_obj', 'URI', {url_or_none})), video_id, ext='mp4')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(meta, {
+                'categories': ('video_obj', 'video_type', {str}, {lambda x: [x] if x else None}),
+                'channel': ('show_slug', {str}),
+                'description': ('video_obj', 'description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('video_obj', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'series': ('video_obj', 'program_title', {str}),
+                'title': ('video_obj', 'title', {str}),
+                'upload_date': ('video_obj', 'air_date', {unified_strdate}),
+            })
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/peekvids.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/peekvids.py
index d1fc058b9..41f591b09 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/peekvids.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/peekvids.py
@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ class PlayVidsIE(PeekVidsBaseIE):
             'uploader': 'Brazzers',
             'age_limit': 18,
             'view_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 18,
             'categories': list,
             'tags': list,
         },
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/peloton.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/peloton.py
index 4835822cf..786429988 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/peloton.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/peloton.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ def _login(self, video_id):
                 }).encode(),
                 headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'User-Agent': 'web'})
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                json_string = self._webpage_read_content(e.cause, None, video_id)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                json_string = self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, None, video_id)
                 res = self._parse_json(json_string, video_id)
                 raise ExtractorError(res['message'], expected=res['message'] == 'Login failed')
             else:
@@ -96,8 +96,8 @@ def _get_token(self, video_id):
                 'https://api.onepeloton.com/api/subscription/stream', video_id, note='Downloading token',
                 data=json.dumps({}).encode(), headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
-                json_string = self._webpage_read_content(e.cause, None, video_id)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                json_string = self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, None, video_id)
                 res = self._parse_json(json_string, video_id)
                 raise ExtractorError(res['message'], expected=res['message'] == 'Stream limit reached')
             else:
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         try:
             self._start_session(video_id)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                 self._login(video_id)
                 self._start_session(video_id)
             else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/periscope.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/periscope.py
index 84bcf1573..3d1375b64 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/periscope.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/periscope.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
     parse_iso8601,
     unescapeHTML,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class PeriscopeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -20,22 +21,25 @@ def _parse_broadcast_data(self, broadcast, video_id):
         title = broadcast.get('status') or 'Periscope Broadcast'
         uploader = broadcast.get('user_display_name') or broadcast.get('username')
         title = '%s - %s' % (uploader, title) if uploader else title
-        is_live = broadcast.get('state').lower() == 'running'
-
         thumbnails = [{
             'url': broadcast[image],
-        } for image in ('image_url', 'image_url_small') if broadcast.get(image)]
+        } for image in ('image_url', 'image_url_medium', 'image_url_small') if broadcast.get(image)]
 
         return {
             'id': broadcast.get('id') or video_id,
             'title': title,
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(broadcast.get('created_at')),
+            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(broadcast.get('created_at')) or int_or_none(
+                broadcast.get('created_at_ms'), scale=1000),
+            'release_timestamp': int_or_none(broadcast.get('scheduled_start_ms'), scale=1000),
             'uploader': uploader,
             'uploader_id': broadcast.get('user_id') or broadcast.get('username'),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'view_count': int_or_none(broadcast.get('total_watched')),
             'tags': broadcast.get('tags'),
-            'is_live': is_live,
+            'live_status': {
+                'running': 'is_live',
+                'not_started': 'is_upcoming',
+            }.get(traverse_obj(broadcast, ('state', {str.lower}))) or 'was_live'
         }
 
     @staticmethod
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pgatour.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pgatour.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..36c2c6207
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pgatour.py
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class PGATourIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?pgatour\.com/video/[\w-]+/(?P<tc>T)?(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.pgatour.com/video/competition/T6322447785112/adam-hadwin-2023-the-players-round-4-18th-hole-shot-1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6322447785112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Adam Hadwin | 2023 THE PLAYERS | Round 4 | 18th hole | Shot 1',
+            'uploader_id': '6116716431001',
+            'upload_date': '20230312',
+            'timestamp': 1678653136,
+            'duration': 20.011,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'tags': 'count:7',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.pgatour.com/video/features/6322506425112/follow-the-players-trophy-on-championship-sunday',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6322506425112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Follow THE PLAYERS trophy on Championship Sunday',
+            'description': 'md5:4d29e4bdfa03694a0ebfd08950398568',
+            'uploader_id': '6082840763001',
+            'upload_date': '20230313',
+            'timestamp': 1678739835,
+            'duration': 123.435,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'tags': 'count:8',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, is_tourcast = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'tc')
+
+        # From https://www.pgatour.com/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-8bcf849560daf38d.js
+        account_id = '6116716431001' if is_tourcast else '6082840763001'
+        player_id = 'Vsd5Umu8r' if is_tourcast else 'FWIBYMBPj'
+
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://players.brightcove.net/{account_id}/{player_id}_default/index.html?videoId={video_id}',
+            BrightcoveNewIE)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/piapro.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/piapro.py
index d8d9c7801..5f39e0639 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/piapro.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/piapro.py
@@ -12,17 +12,22 @@
 
 class PiaproIE(InfoExtractor):
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'piapro'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://piapro\.jp/t/(?P<id>\w+)/?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://piapro\.jp/(?:t|content)/(?P<id>\w+)/?'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://piapro.jp/t/NXYR',
-        'md5': 'a9d52f27d13bafab7ee34116a7dcfa77',
+        'md5': 'f7c0f760913fb1d44a1c45a4af793909',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'NXYR',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'uploader': 'wowaka',
             'uploader_id': 'wowaka',
             'title': '裏表ラバーズ',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm8082467',
+            'duration': 189.0,
+            'timestamp': 1251785475,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:png|jpg)$',
+            'upload_date': '20090901',
+            'view_count': int,
         }
     }, {
         'note': 'There are break lines in description, mandating (?s) flag',
@@ -34,8 +39,16 @@ class PiaproIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': '青に溶けた風船 / 初音ミク',
             'description': 'md5:d395a9bd151447631a5a1460bc7f9132',
             'uploader': 'シアン・キノ',
+            'duration': 229.0,
+            'timestamp': 1644030039,
+            'upload_date': '20220205',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:png|jpg)$',
             'uploader_id': 'cyankino',
         }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://piapro.jp/content/hcw0z3a169wtemz6',
+        'only_matching': True
     }]
 
     _login_status = False
@@ -56,7 +69,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         if urlh is False:
             login_ok = False
         else:
-            parts = compat_urlparse.urlparse(urlh.geturl())
+            parts = compat_urlparse.urlparse(urlh.url)
             if parts.path != '/':
                 login_ok = False
         if not login_ok:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1eb6d92b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_qs,
+    time_seconds,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
+
+
+class PIAULIZAPortalIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'ulizaportal.jp - PIA LIVE STREAM'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ulizaportal\.jp/pages/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
+            'title': 'プレゼンテーションプレイヤーのサンプル',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d?expires=4102412400&signature=f422a993b683e1068f946caf406d211c17d1ef17da8bef3df4a519502155aa91&version=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d',
+            'title': '【確認用】視聴サンプルページ（ULIZA）',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        expires = int_or_none(traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('expires', 0)))
+        if expires and expires <= time_seconds():
+            raise ExtractorError('The link is expired.', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        player_data = self._download_webpage(
+            self._search_regex(
+                r'<script [^>]*\bsrc="(https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^"]+)"',
+                webpage, 'player data url'),
+            video_id, headers={'Referer': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/'},
+            note='Fetching player data', errnote='Unable to fetch player data')
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            self._search_regex(
+                r'["\'](https://vms-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/prog-index\.m3u8[^"\']+)', player_data,
+                'm3u8 url', default=None),
+            video_id, fatal=False)
+        m3u8_type = self._search_regex(
+            r'/hls/(dvr|video)/', traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'url')), 'm3u8 type', default=None)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'live_status': {
+                'video': 'is_live',
+                'dvr': 'was_live',  # short-term archives
+            }.get(m3u8_type, 'not_live'),  # VOD or long-term archives
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/picarto.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/picarto.py
index 36a062def..d415ba28e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/picarto.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/picarto.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    js_to_json,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
 )
 
 
@@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class PicartoVodIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www.)?picarto\.tv/videopopout/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?picarto\.tv/(?:videopopout|\w+/videos)/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://picarto.tv/videopopout/ArtofZod_2017.12.12.00.13.23.flv',
         'md5': '3ab45ba4352c52ee841a28fb73f2d9ca',
@@ -94,6 +97,18 @@ class PicartoVodIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'ArtofZod_2017.12.12.00.13.23.flv',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg'
         },
+        'skip': 'The VOD does not exist',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://picarto.tv/ArtofZod/videos/772650',
+        'md5': '00067a0889f1f6869cc512e3e79c521b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '772650',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Art of Zod - Drawing and Painting',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'channel': 'ArtofZod',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+        }
     }, {
         'url': 'https://picarto.tv/videopopout/Plague',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -102,21 +117,36 @@ class PicartoVodIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        data = self._download_json(
+            'https://ptvintern.picarto.tv/ptvapi', video_id, query={
+                'query': f'''{{
+  video(id: "{video_id}") {{
+    id
+    title
+    adult
+    file_name
+    video_recording_image_url
+    channel {{
+      name
+    }}
+  }}
+}}'''
+            })['data']['video']
 
-        vod_info = self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'(?s)#vod-player["\']\s*,\s*(\{.+?\})\s*\)', webpage,
-                'vod player'),
-            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
+        file_name = data['file_name']
+        netloc = urllib.parse.urlparse(data['video_recording_image_url']).netloc
 
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            vod_info['vod'], video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-            m3u8_id='hls')
+            f'https://{netloc}/stream/hls/{file_name}/index.m3u8', video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': video_id,
-            'thumbnail': vod_info.get('vodThumb'),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': 'video_recording_image_url',
+                'channel': ('channel', 'name', {str}),
+                'age_limit': ('adult', {lambda x: 18 if x else 0}),
+            }),
             'formats': formats,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/piksel.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/piksel.py
index cc60b304e..97a9bf574 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/piksel.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/piksel.py
@@ -7,8 +7,10 @@
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -63,11 +65,11 @@ class PikselIE(InfoExtractor):
         }
     ]
 
-    def _call_api(self, app_token, resource, display_id, query, fatal=True):
-        response = (self._download_json(
-            'http://player.piksel.com/ws/ws_%s/api/%s/mode/json/apiv/5' % (resource, app_token),
-            display_id, query=query, fatal=fatal) or {}).get('response')
-        failure = try_get(response, lambda x: x['failure']['reason'])
+    def _call_api(self, app_token, resource, display_id, query, host='https://player.piksel.com', fatal=True):
+        url = urljoin(host, f'/ws/ws_{resource}/api/{app_token}/mode/json/apiv/5')
+        response = traverse_obj(
+            self._download_json(url, display_id, query=query, fatal=fatal), ('response', {dict})) or {}
+        failure = traverse_obj(response, ('failure', 'reason')) if response else 'Empty response from API'
         if failure:
             if fatal:
                 raise ExtractorError(failure, expected=True)
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         ], webpage, 'app token')
         query = {'refid': ref_id, 'prefid': display_id} if ref_id else {'v': display_id}
         program = self._call_api(
-            app_token, 'program', display_id, query)['WsProgramResponse']['program']
+            app_token, 'program', display_id, query, url)['WsProgramResponse']['program']
         video_id = program['uuid']
         video_data = program['asset']
         title = video_data['title']
@@ -129,7 +131,7 @@ def process_asset_files(asset_files):
                 process_asset_files(try_get(self._call_api(
                     app_token, 'asset_file', display_id, {
                         'assetid': asset_id,
-                    }, False), lambda x: x['WsAssetFileResponse']['AssetFiles']))
+                    }, url, False), lambda x: x['WsAssetFileResponse']['AssetFiles']))
 
         m3u8_url = dict_get(video_data, [
             'm3u8iPadURL',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pladform.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pladform.py
index dcf18e1f3..00500686f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pladform.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pladform.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def fail(text):
                 expected=True)
 
         if not video:
-            targetUrl = self._request_webpage(url, video_id, note='Resolving final URL').geturl()
+            targetUrl = self._request_webpage(url, video_id, note='Resolving final URL').url
             if targetUrl == url:
                 raise ExtractorError('Can\'t parse page')
             return self.url_result(targetUrl)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/platzi.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/platzi.py
index b8a441494..166b98c4a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/platzi.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/platzi.py
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             headers={'Referer': self._LOGIN_URL})
 
         # login succeeded
-        if 'platzi.com/login' not in urlh.geturl():
+        if 'platzi.com/login' not in urlh.url:
             return
 
         login_error = self._webpage_read_content(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/playplustv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/playplustv.py
index 316f220f7..a4439c8bc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/playplustv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/playplustv.py
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 import json
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
-from ..utils import (
-    clean_html,
-    ExtractorError,
-    int_or_none,
-    PUTRequest,
-)
+from ..networking import PUTRequest
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, clean_html, int_or_none
 
 
 class PlayPlusTVIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -47,9 +43,9 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         try:
             self._token = self._download_json(req, None)['token']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                 raise ExtractorError(self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read(), None)['errorMessage'], expected=True)
+                    e.cause.response.read(), None)['errorMessage'], expected=True)
             raise
 
         self._profile = self._call_api('Profiles')['list'][0]['_id']
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
index a635ac92f..76288c778 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
@@ -5,10 +5,16 @@
 
 
 class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?playsuisse\.ch/watch/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?playsuisse\.ch/(?:watch|detail)/(?:[^#]*[?&]episodeId=)?(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [
         {
+            # Old URL
             'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/watch/763211/0',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # episode in a series
+            'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/watch/763182?episodeId=763211',
             'md5': '82df2a470b2dfa60c2d33772a8a60cf8',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '763211',
@@ -21,11 +27,11 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'season_number': 1,
                 'episode': 'Knochen',
                 'episode_number': 1,
-                'thumbnail': 'md5:9260abe0c0ec9b69914d0a10d54c5878'
+                'thumbnail': 're:https://playsuisse-img.akamaized.net/',
             }
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/watch/808675/0',
+        }, {
+            # film
+            'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/watch/808675',
             'md5': '818b94c1d2d7c4beef953f12cb8f3e75',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '808675',
@@ -33,26 +39,60 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Der Läufer',
                 'description': 'md5:9f61265c7e6dcc3e046137a792b275fd',
                 'duration': 5280,
-                'episode': 'Der Läufer',
-                'thumbnail': 'md5:44af7d65ee02bbba4576b131868bb783'
+                'thumbnail': 're:https://playsuisse-img.akamaized.net/',
             }
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/watch/817193/0',
-            'md5': '1d6c066f92cd7fffd8b28a53526d6b59',
+        }, {
+            # series (treated as a playlist)
+            'url': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/detail/1115687',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '817193',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Die Einweihungsparty',
-                'description': 'md5:91ebf04d3a42cb3ab70666acf750a930',
-                'duration': 1380,
-                'series': 'Nr. 47',
-                'season': 'Season 1',
-                'season_number': 1,
-                'episode': 'Die Einweihungsparty',
-                'episode_number': 1,
-                'thumbnail': 'md5:637585fb106e3a4bcd991958924c7e44'
-            }
+                'description': 'md5:e4a2ae29a8895823045b5c3145a02aa3',
+                'id': '1115687',
+                'series': 'They all came out to Montreux',
+                'title': 'They all came out to Montreux',
+            },
+            'playlist': [{
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'description': 'md5:f2462744834b959a31adc6292380cda2',
+                    'duration': 3180,
+                    'episode': 'Folge 1',
+                    'episode_number': 1,
+                    'id': '1112663',
+                    'season': 'Season 1',
+                    'season_number': 1,
+                    'series': 'They all came out to Montreux',
+                    'thumbnail': 're:https://playsuisse-img.akamaized.net/',
+                    'title': 'Folge 1',
+                    'ext': 'mp4'
+                },
+            }, {
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'description': 'md5:9dfd308699fe850d3bce12dc1bad9b27',
+                    'duration': 2935,
+                    'episode': 'Folge 2',
+                    'episode_number': 2,
+                    'id': '1112661',
+                    'season': 'Season 1',
+                    'season_number': 1,
+                    'series': 'They all came out to Montreux',
+                    'thumbnail': 're:https://playsuisse-img.akamaized.net/',
+                    'title': 'Folge 2',
+                    'ext': 'mp4'
+                },
+            }, {
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'description': 'md5:14a93a3356b2492a8f786ab2227ef602',
+                    'duration': 2994,
+                    'episode': 'Folge 3',
+                    'episode_number': 3,
+                    'id': '1112664',
+                    'season': 'Season 1',
+                    'season_number': 1,
+                    'series': 'They all came out to Montreux',
+                    'thumbnail': 're:https://playsuisse-img.akamaized.net/',
+                    'title': 'Folge 3',
+                    'ext': 'mp4'
+                }
+            }],
         }
     ]
 
@@ -142,6 +182,6 @@ def _extract_single(self, media_data):
             'subtitles': subtitles,
             'series': media_data.get('seriesName'),
             'season_number': int_or_none(media_data.get('seasonNumber')),
-            'episode': media_data.get('name'),
+            'episode': media_data.get('name') if media_data.get('episodeNumber') else None,
             'episode_number': int_or_none(media_data.get('episodeNumber')),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py
index 68c4a2afd..e0b22fffd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py
@@ -2,26 +2,24 @@
 import json
 import math
 import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_str,
-    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
-    compat_urlparse
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str
 from ..utils import (
-    determine_ext,
-    extract_attributes,
     ExtractorError,
     InAdvancePagedList,
+    determine_ext,
+    extract_attributes,
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
     parse_iso8601,
     strip_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
-    unified_timestamp,
     unescapeHTML,
+    unified_timestamp,
     url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -44,7 +42,7 @@ def _extract_webpage_player_entries(self, webpage, playlist_id, base_data):
                 'duration': int_or_none(media.get('length')),
                 'vcodec': 'none' if media.get('provider') == 'audio' else None,
             })
-            entry_title = compat_urllib_parse_unquote(media['desc'])
+            entry_title = urllib.parse.unquote(media['desc'])
             if entry_title:
                 entry['title'] = entry_title
             yield entry
@@ -130,10 +128,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, title, description)
 
 
-class PolskieRadioIE(InfoExtractor):
-    # new next.js sites, excluding radiokierowcow.pl
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?polskieradio(?:24)?\.pl/artykul/(?P<id>\d+)'
+class PolskieRadioIE(PolskieRadioBaseExtractor):
+    # new next.js sites
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?(?:polskieradio(?:24)?|radiokierowcow)\.pl/artykul/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
+        # articleData, attachments
         'url': 'https://jedynka.polskieradio.pl/artykul/1587943',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1587943',
@@ -148,6 +147,31 @@ class PolskieRadioIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'md5:d4623290d4ac983bf924061c75c23a0d',
             },
         }],
+    }, {
+        # post, legacy html players
+        'url': 'https://trojka.polskieradio.pl/artykul/2589163,Czy-wciaz-otrzymujemy-zdjecia-z-sond-Voyager',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2589163',
+            'title': 'Czy wciąż otrzymujemy zdjęcia z sond Voyager?',
+            'description': 'md5:cf1a7f348d63a2db9c0d7a63d1669473',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '2577880',
+                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'title': 'md5:a57d10a0c02abd34dd675cb33707ad5a',
+                'duration': 321,
+            },
+        }],
+    }, {
+        # data, legacy
+        'url': 'https://radiokierowcow.pl/artykul/2694529',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2694529',
+            'title': 'Zielona fala reliktem przeszłości?',
+            'description': 'md5:f20a9a7ed9cb58916c54add94eae3bc0',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 3,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://trojka.polskieradio.pl/artykul/1632955',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -166,7 +190,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
 
         article_data = traverse_obj(
-            self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, playlist_id), ('props', 'pageProps', 'data', 'articleData'))
+            self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, playlist_id), (
+                'props', 'pageProps', (('data', 'articleData'), 'post', 'data')), get_all=False)
 
         title = strip_or_none(article_data['title'])
 
@@ -178,7 +203,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'id': self._search_regex(
                 r'([a-f\d]{8}-(?:[a-f\d]{4}-){3}[a-f\d]{12})', entry['file'], 'entry id'),
             'title': strip_or_none(entry.get('description')) or title,
-        } for entry in article_data.get('attachments') or () if entry['fileType'] in ('Audio', )]
+        } for entry in article_data.get('attachments') or () if entry.get('fileType') in ('Audio', )]
+
+        if not entries:
+            # some legacy articles have no json attachments, but players in body
+            entries = self._extract_webpage_player_entries(article_data['content'], playlist_id, {
+                'title': title,
+            })
 
         return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, title, description)
 
@@ -214,6 +245,15 @@ class PolskieRadioAuditionIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': r're:https://static\.prsa\.pl/images/.+',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 722,
+    }, {
+        # some articles were "promoted to main page" and thus link to old frontend
+        'url': 'https://trojka.polskieradio.pl/audycja/305',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '305',
+            'title': 'Co w mowie piszczy?',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://static\.prsa\.pl/images/.+',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 1523,
     }]
 
     def _call_lp3(self, path, query, video_id, note):
@@ -222,14 +262,14 @@ def _call_lp3(self, path, query, video_id, note):
             query=query, headers={'x-api-key': '9bf6c5a2-a7d0-4980-9ed7-a3f7291f2a81'})
 
     def _entries(self, playlist_id, has_episodes, has_articles):
-        for i in itertools.count(1) if has_episodes else []:
+        for i in itertools.count(0) if has_episodes else []:
             page = self._call_lp3(
                 'AudioArticle/GetListByCategoryId', {
                     'categoryId': playlist_id,
                     'PageSize': 10,
                     'skip': i,
                     'format': 400,
-                }, playlist_id, f'Downloading episode list page {i}')
+                }, playlist_id, f'Downloading episode list page {i + 1}')
             if not traverse_obj(page, 'data'):
                 break
             for episode in page['data']:
@@ -241,20 +281,19 @@ def _entries(self, playlist_id, has_episodes, has_articles):
                     'timestamp': parse_iso8601(episode.get('datePublic')),
                 }
 
-        for i in itertools.count(1) if has_articles else []:
+        for i in itertools.count(0) if has_articles else []:
             page = self._call_lp3(
                 'Article/GetListByCategoryId', {
                     'categoryId': playlist_id,
                     'PageSize': 9,
                     'skip': i,
                     'format': 400,
-                }, playlist_id, f'Downloading article list page {i}')
+                }, playlist_id, f'Downloading article list page {i + 1}')
             if not traverse_obj(page, 'data'):
                 break
             for article in page['data']:
                 yield {
                     '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                    'ie_key': PolskieRadioIE.ie_key(),
                     'id': str(article['id']),
                     'url': article['url'],
                     'title': article.get('shortTitle'),
@@ -282,11 +321,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 class PolskieRadioCategoryIE(InfoExtractor):
     # legacy sites
     IE_NAME = 'polskieradio:category'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?polskieradio\.pl/\d+(?:,[^/]+)?/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?polskieradio\.pl/(?:\d+(?:,[^/]+)?/|[^/]+/Tag)(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.polskieradio.pl/7/129,Sygnaly-dnia?ref=source',
-        'only_matching': True
-    }, {
         'url': 'http://www.polskieradio.pl/37,RedakcjaKatolicka/4143,Kierunek-Krakow',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4143',
@@ -300,6 +336,36 @@ class PolskieRadioCategoryIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Muzyka',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 61
+    }, {
+        # billennium tabs
+        'url': 'https://www.polskieradio.pl/8/2385',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2385',
+            'title': 'Droga przez mąkę',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 111,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.polskieradio.pl/10/4930',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4930',
+            'title': 'Teraz K-pop!',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 392,
+    }, {
+        # post back pages, audio content directly without articles
+        'url': 'https://www.polskieradio.pl/8,dwojka/7376,nowa-mowa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7376',
+            'title': 'Nowa mowa',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 244,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.polskieradio.pl/Krzysztof-Dziuba/Tag175458',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '175458',
+            'title': 'Krzysztof Dziuba',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 420,
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.polskieradio.pl/8,Dwojka/196,Publicystyka',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -311,25 +377,61 @@ def suitable(cls, url):
 
     def _entries(self, url, page, category_id):
         content = page
+        is_billennium_tabs = 'onclick="TB_LoadTab(' in page
+        is_post_back = 'onclick="__doPostBack(' in page
+        pagination = page if is_billennium_tabs else None
         for page_num in itertools.count(2):
             for a_entry, entry_id in re.findall(
-                    r'(?s)<article[^>]+>.*?(<a[^>]+href=["\']/\d+/\d+/Artykul/(\d+)[^>]+>).*?</article>',
+                    r'(?s)<article[^>]+>.*?(<a[^>]+href=["\'](?:(?:https?)?://[^/]+)?/\d+/\d+/Artykul/(\d+)[^>]+>).*?</article>',
                     content):
                 entry = extract_attributes(a_entry)
-                href = entry.get('href')
-                if not href:
-                    continue
-                yield self.url_result(
-                    compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, href), PolskieRadioLegacyIE,
-                    entry_id, entry.get('title'))
-            mobj = re.search(
-                r'<div[^>]+class=["\']next["\'][^>]*>\s*<a[^>]+href=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
-                content)
-            if not mobj:
-                break
-            next_url = compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, mobj.group('url'))
-            content = self._download_webpage(
-                next_url, category_id, 'Downloading page %s' % page_num)
+                if entry.get('href'):
+                    yield self.url_result(
+                        urljoin(url, entry['href']), PolskieRadioLegacyIE, entry_id, entry.get('title'))
+            for a_entry in re.findall(r'<span data-media=({[^ ]+})', content):
+                yield traverse_obj(self._parse_json(a_entry, category_id), {
+                    'url': 'file',
+                    'id': 'uid',
+                    'duration': 'length',
+                    'title': ('title', {urllib.parse.unquote}),
+                    'description': ('desc', {urllib.parse.unquote}),
+                })
+            if is_billennium_tabs:
+                params = self._search_json(
+                    r'<div[^>]+class=["\']next["\'][^>]*>\s*<a[^>]+onclick=["\']TB_LoadTab\(',
+                    pagination, 'next page params', category_id, default=None, close_objects=1,
+                    contains_pattern='.+', transform_source=lambda x: '[%s' % js_to_json(unescapeHTML(x)))
+                if not params:
+                    break
+                tab_content = self._download_json(
+                    'https://www.polskieradio.pl/CMS/TemplateBoxesManagement/TemplateBoxTabContent.aspx/GetTabContent',
+                    category_id, f'Downloading page {page_num}', headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
+                    data=json.dumps(dict(zip((
+                        'boxInstanceId', 'tabId', 'categoryType', 'sectionId', 'categoryId', 'pagerMode',
+                        'subjectIds', 'tagIndexId', 'queryString', 'name', 'openArticlesInParentTemplate',
+                        'idSectionFromUrl', 'maxDocumentAge', 'showCategoryForArticle', 'pageNumber'
+                    ), params))).encode())['d']
+                content, pagination = tab_content['Content'], tab_content.get('PagerContent')
+            elif is_post_back:
+                target = self._search_regex(
+                    r'onclick=(?:["\'])__doPostBack\((?P<q1>["\'])(?P<target>[\w$]+)(?P=q1)\s*,\s*(?P<q2>["\'])Next(?P=q2)',
+                    content, 'pagination postback target', group='target', default=None)
+                if not target:
+                    break
+                content = self._download_webpage(
+                    url, category_id, f'Downloading page {page_num}',
+                    data=urllib.parse.urlencode({
+                        **self._hidden_inputs(content),
+                        '__EVENTTARGET': target,
+                        '__EVENTARGUMENT': 'Next',
+                    }).encode())
+            else:
+                next_url = urljoin(url, self._search_regex(
+                    r'<div[^>]+class=["\']next["\'][^>]*>\s*<a[^>]+href=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
+                    content, 'next page url', group='url', default=None))
+                if not next_url:
+                    break
+                content = self._download_webpage(next_url, category_id, f'Downloading page {page_num}')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         category_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -337,7 +439,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if PolskieRadioAuditionIE.suitable(urlh.url):
             return self.url_result(urlh.url, PolskieRadioAuditionIE, category_id)
         title = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<title>([^<]+) - [^<]+ - [^<]+</title>',
+            r'<title>([^<]+)(?: - [^<]+ - [^<]+| w [Pp]olskie[Rr]adio\.pl\s*)</title>',
             webpage, 'title', fatal=False)
         return self.playlist_result(
             self._entries(url, webpage, category_id),
@@ -506,39 +608,3 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'Content-Type': 'application/json',
             })
         return self._parse_episode(data[0])
-
-
-class PolskieRadioRadioKierowcowIE(PolskieRadioBaseExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radiokierowcow\.pl/artykul/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
-    IE_NAME = 'polskieradio:kierowcow'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://radiokierowcow.pl/artykul/2694529',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '2694529',
-            'title': 'Zielona fala reliktem przeszłości?',
-            'description': 'md5:343950a8717c9818fdfd4bd2b8ca9ff2',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 3,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        media_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, media_id)
-        nextjs_build = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, media_id)['buildId']
-        article = self._download_json(
-            f'https://radiokierowcow.pl/_next/data/{nextjs_build}/artykul/{media_id}.json?articleId={media_id}',
-            media_id)
-        data = article['pageProps']['data']
-        title = data['title']
-        entries = self._extract_webpage_player_entries(data['content'], media_id, {
-            'title': title,
-        })
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'playlist',
-            'id': media_id,
-            'entries': entries,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': data.get('lead'),
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c381382e9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..compat import functools
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    qualities,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class PornboxIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?pornbox\.com/application/watch-page/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://pornbox.com/application/watch-page/212108',
+        'md5': '3ff6b6e206f263be4c5e987a3162ac6e',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '212108',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:ececc5c6e6c9dd35d290c45fed05fd49',
+            'uploader': 'Lily Strong',
+            'timestamp': 1665871200,
+            'upload_date': '20221015',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'availability': 'needs_auth',
+            'duration': 1505,
+            'cast': ['Lily Strong', 'John Strong'],
+            'tags': 'count:11',
+            'description': 'md5:589c7f33e183aa8aa939537300efb859',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn-image\.gtflixtv\.com.*\.jpg.*$'
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://pornbox.com/application/watch-page/216045',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '216045',
+            'title': 'md5:3e48528e73a9a2b12f7a2772ed0b26a2',
+            'description': 'md5:3e631dcaac029f15ed434e402d1b06c7',
+            'uploader': 'VK Studio',
+            'timestamp': 1618264800,
+            'upload_date': '20210412',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'availability': 'premium_only',
+            'duration': 2710,
+            'cast': 'count:3',
+            'tags': 'count:29',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn-image\.gtflixtv\.com.*\.jpg.*$',
+            'subtitles': 'count:6'
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [
+            'You are either not logged in or do not have access to this scene',
+            'No video formats found', 'Requested format is not available']
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        public_data = self._download_json(f'https://pornbox.com/contents/{video_id}', video_id)
+
+        subtitles = {country_code: [{
+            'url': f'https://pornbox.com/contents/{video_id}/subtitles/{country_code}',
+            'ext': 'srt'
+        }] for country_code in traverse_obj(public_data, ('subtitles', ..., {str}))}
+
+        is_free_scene = traverse_obj(
+            public_data, ('price', 'is_available_for_free', {bool}), default=False)
+
+        metadata = {
+            'id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(public_data, {
+                'title': ('scene_name', {str.strip}),
+                'description': ('small_description', {str.strip}),
+                'uploader': 'studio',
+                'duration': ('runtime', {parse_duration}),
+                'cast': (('models', 'male_models'), ..., 'model_name'),
+                'thumbnail': ('player_poster', {url_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('niches', ..., 'niche'),
+            }),
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(traverse_obj(
+                public_data, ('studios', 'release_date'), 'publish_date')),
+            'availability': self._availability(needs_auth=True, needs_premium=not is_free_scene),
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
+
+        if not public_data.get('is_purchased') or not is_free_scene:
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'You are either not logged in or do not have access to this scene', metadata_available=True)
+            return metadata
+
+        media_id = traverse_obj(public_data, (
+            'medias', lambda _, v: v['title'] == 'Full video', 'media_id', {int}), get_all=False)
+        if not media_id:
+            self.raise_no_formats('Could not find stream id', video_id=video_id)
+
+        stream_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://pornbox.com/media/{media_id}/stream', video_id=video_id, note='Getting manifest urls')
+
+        get_quality = qualities(['web', 'vga', 'hd', '1080p', '4k', '8k'])
+        metadata['formats'] = traverse_obj(stream_data, ('qualities', lambda _, v: v['src'], {
+            'url': 'src',
+            'vbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'format_id': ('quality', {str_or_none}),
+            'quality': ('quality', {get_quality}),
+            'width': ('size', {lambda x: int(x[:-1])}),
+        }))
+
+        return metadata
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornez.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornez.py
index 3a22cb821..bc45f865e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornez.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornez.py
@@ -1,42 +1,60 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import int_or_none, urljoin
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    int_or_none,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    urljoin,
+)
 
 
 class PornezIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?pornez\.net/video(?P<id>[0-9]+)/'
-    _TEST = {
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?pornez\.net/(?:video(?P<id>\w+)|watch)/'
+    _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://pornez.net/video344819/mistresst-funny_penis_names-wmv/',
-        'md5': '2e19a0a1cff3a5dbea0ef1b9e80bcbbc',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '344819',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': r'mistresst funny_penis_names wmv',
+            'title': 'mistresst funny_penis_names wmv',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
             'age_limit': 18,
-        }
-    }
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://pornez.net/watch/leana+lovings+stiff+for+stepdaughter/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '156161',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Watch leana lovings stiff for stepdaughter porn video.',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://pornez.net/videovzs27fj/tutor4k-e14-blue-wave-1080p-nbq-tutor4k-e14-blue-wave/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        iframe_src = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<iframe[^>]+src="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'iframe', fatal=True)
-        iframe_src = urljoin('https://pornez.net', iframe_src)
-        title = self._html_search_meta(['name', 'twitter:title', 'og:title'], webpage, 'title', default=None)
-        if title is None:
-            title = self._search_regex(r'<h1>(.*?)</h1>', webpage, 'title', fatal=True)
-        thumbnail = self._html_search_meta(['thumbnailUrl'], webpage, 'title', default=None)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(iframe_src, video_id)
-        entries = self._parse_html5_media_entries(iframe_src, webpage, video_id)[0]
-        for format in entries['formats']:
-            height = self._search_regex(r'_(\d+)\.m3u8', format['url'], 'height')
-            format['format_id'] = '%sp' % height
-            format['height'] = int_or_none(height)
+        if not video_id:
+            video_id = self._search_regex(
+                r'<link[^>]+\bhref=["\']https?://pornez.net/\?p=(\w+)["\']', webpage, 'id')
+
+        iframe_src = self._html_search_regex(r'<iframe[^>]+src="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'iframe')
+        iframe = self._download_webpage(urljoin('https://pornez.net', iframe_src), video_id)
+
+        entries = self._parse_html5_media_entries(iframe_src, iframe, video_id)[0]
+        for fmt in entries['formats']:
+            height = self._search_regex(r'_(\d+)\.m3u8', fmt['url'], 'height')
+            fmt['format_id'] = '%sp' % height
+            fmt['height'] = int_or_none(height)
 
         entries.update({
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-            'age_limit': 18
+            'title': (clean_html(get_element_by_class('video-title', webpage))
+                      or self._html_search_meta(
+                      ['twitter:title', 'og:title', 'description'], webpage, 'title', default=None)),
+            'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta(['thumbnailUrl'], webpage, 'thumb', default=None),
+            'age_limit': 18,
         })
         return entries
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
index 5d8d7c100..999d038d4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
@@ -3,11 +3,12 @@
 import math
 import operator
 import re
-import urllib.request
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .openload import PhantomJSwrapper
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError, compat_str
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     NO_DEFAULT,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -46,8 +47,8 @@ def dl(*args, **kwargs):
                 r'document\.cookie\s*=\s*["\']RNKEY=',
                 r'document\.location\.reload\(true\)')):
             url_or_request = args[0]
-            url = (url_or_request.get_full_url()
-                   if isinstance(url_or_request, urllib.request.Request)
+            url = (url_or_request.url
+                   if isinstance(url_or_request, Request)
                    else url_or_request)
             phantom = PhantomJSwrapper(self, required_version='2.0')
             phantom.get(url, html=webpage)
@@ -58,6 +59,12 @@ def dl(*args, **kwargs):
     def _real_initialize(self):
         self._logged_in = False
 
+    def _set_age_cookies(self, host):
+        self._set_cookie(host, 'age_verified', '1')
+        self._set_cookie(host, 'accessAgeDisclaimerPH', '1')
+        self._set_cookie(host, 'accessAgeDisclaimerUK', '1')
+        self._set_cookie(host, 'accessPH', '1')
+
     def _login(self, host):
         if self._logged_in:
             return
@@ -267,8 +274,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = mobj.group('id')
 
         self._login(host)
-
-        self._set_cookie(host, 'age_verified', '1')
+        self._set_age_cookies(host)
 
         def dl_webpage(platform):
             self._set_cookie(host, 'platform', platform)
@@ -569,6 +575,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
         user_id = mobj.group('id')
         videos_url = '%s/videos' % mobj.group('url')
+        self._set_age_cookies(mobj.group('host'))
         page = self._extract_page(url)
         if page:
             videos_url = update_url_query(videos_url, {'page': page})
@@ -597,7 +604,7 @@ def download_page(base_url, num, fallback=False):
                 base_url, item_id, note, query={'page': num})
 
         def is_404(e):
-            return isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 404
+            return isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404
 
         base_url = url
         has_page = page is not None
@@ -633,6 +640,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         item_id = mobj.group('id')
 
         self._login(host)
+        self._set_age_cookies(host)
 
         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(url, host, item_id), item_id)
 
@@ -812,5 +820,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         item_id = mobj.group('id')
 
         self._login(host)
+        self._set_age_cookies(host)
 
         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(mobj.group('url'), host, item_id), item_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
index 2eb327fba..c8e0bb493 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
@@ -1,97 +1,155 @@
-import re
+import json
+from datetime import date
+from urllib.parse import unquote
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import merge_dicts
+from ..compat import functools
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, make_archive_id, urljoin
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
-class Pr0grammStaticIE(InfoExtractor):
-    # Possible urls:
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/static/5466437
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://pr0gramm\.com/static/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://pr0gramm.com/static/5466437',
-        'md5': '52fa540d70d3edc286846f8ca85938aa',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '5466437',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'pr0gramm-5466437 by g11st',
-            'uploader': 'g11st',
-            'upload_date': '20221221',
-        }
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-
-        # Fetch media sources
-        entries = self._parse_html5_media_entries(url, webpage, video_id)
-        media_info = entries[0]
-
-        # Fetch author
-        uploader = self._html_search_regex(r'by\W+([\w-]+)\W+', webpage, 'uploader')
-
-        # Fetch approx upload timestamp from filename
-        # Have None-defaults in case the extraction fails
-        uploadDay = None
-        uploadMon = None
-        uploadYear = None
-        uploadTimestr = None
-        # (//img.pr0gramm.com/2022/12/21/62ae8aa5e2da0ebf.mp4)
-        m = re.search(r'//img\.pr0gramm\.com/(?P<year>[\d]+)/(?P<mon>[\d]+)/(?P<day>[\d]+)/\w+\.\w{,4}', webpage)
-
-        if (m):
-            # Up to a day of accuracy should suffice...
-            uploadDay = m.groupdict().get('day')
-            uploadMon = m.groupdict().get('mon')
-            uploadYear = m.groupdict().get('year')
-            uploadTimestr = uploadYear + uploadMon + uploadDay
-
-        return merge_dicts({
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': 'pr0gramm-%s%s' % (video_id, (' by ' + uploader) if uploader else ''),
-            'uploader': uploader,
-            'upload_date': uploadTimestr
-        }, media_info)
-
-
-# This extractor is for the primary url (used for sharing, and appears in the
-# location bar) Since this page loads the DOM via JS, yt-dl can't find any
-# video information here. So let's redirect to a compatibility version of
-# the site, which does contain the <video>-element  by itself,  without requiring
-# js to be ran.
 class Pr0grammIE(InfoExtractor):
-    # Possible urls:
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/new/546637
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/new/video/546637
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/top/546637
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/top/video/546637
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/user/g11st/uploads/5466437
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/user/froschler/dafur-ist-man-hier/5091290
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/user/froschler/reinziehen-1elf/5232030
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/user/froschler/1elf/5232030
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/new/5495710:comment62621020 <- this is not the id!
-    # https://pr0gramm.com/top/fruher war alles damals/5498175
-
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?:\/\/pr0gramm\.com\/(?!static/\d+).+?\/(?P<id>[\d]+)(:|$)'
-    _TEST = {
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://pr0gramm\.com\/(?:[^/?#]+/)+(?P<id>[\d]+)(?:[/?#:]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # Tags require account
         'url': 'https://pr0gramm.com/new/video/5466437',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '5466437',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'pr0gramm-5466437 by g11st',
+            'tags': ['Neon Genesis Evangelion', 'Touhou Project', 'Fly me to the Moon', 'Marisad', 'Marisa Kirisame', 'video', 'sound', 'Marisa', 'Anime'],
             'uploader': 'g11st',
+            'uploader_id': 394718,
+            'upload_timestamp': 1671590240,
             'upload_date': '20221221',
-        }
-    }
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://thumb\.pr0gramm\.com/.*\.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Tags require account
+        'url': 'https://pr0gramm.com/new/3052805:comment28391322',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3052805',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'pr0gramm-3052805 by Hansking1',
+            'tags': 'count:15',
+            'uploader': 'Hansking1',
+            'uploader_id': 385563,
+            'upload_timestamp': 1552930408,
+            'upload_date': '20190318',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://thumb\.pr0gramm\.com/.*\.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Requires verified account
+        'url': 'https://pr0gramm.com/new/Gianna%20Michaels/5848332',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5848332',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'pr0gramm-5848332 by erd0pfel',
+            'tags': 'count:18',
+            'uploader': 'erd0pfel',
+            'uploader_id': 349094,
+            'upload_timestamp': 1694489652,
+            'upload_date': '20230912',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://thumb\.pr0gramm\.com/.*\.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://pr0gramm.com/static/5466437',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://pr0gramm.com/new/rowan%20atkinson%20herr%20bohne/3052805',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://pr0gramm.com/user/froschler/dafur-ist-man-hier/5091290',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
 
-    def _generic_title():
-        return "oof"
+    BASE_URL = 'https://pr0gramm.com'
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _is_logged_in(self):
+        return 'pp' in self._get_cookies(self.BASE_URL)
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _maximum_flags(self):
+        # We need to guess the flags for the content otherwise the api will raise an error
+        # We can guess the maximum allowed flags for the account from the cookies
+        # Bitflags are (msbf): nsfp, nsfl, nsfw, sfw
+        flags = 0b0001
+        if self._is_logged_in:
+            flags |= 0b1000
+            cookies = self._get_cookies(self.BASE_URL)
+            if 'me' not in cookies:
+                self._download_webpage(self.BASE_URL, None, 'Refreshing verification information')
+            if traverse_obj(cookies, ('me', {lambda x: x.value}, {unquote}, {json.loads}, 'verified')):
+                flags |= 0b0110
+
+        return flags
+
+    def _call_api(self, endpoint, video_id, query={}, note='Downloading API json'):
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://pr0gramm.com/api/items/{endpoint}',
+            video_id, note, query=query, expected_status=403)
+
+        error = traverse_obj(data, ('error', {str}))
+        if error in ('nsfwRequired', 'nsflRequired', 'nsfpRequired', 'verificationRequired'):
+            if not self._is_logged_in:
+                self.raise_login_required()
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unverified account cannot access NSFW/NSFL ({error})', expected=True)
+        elif error:
+            message = traverse_obj(data, ('msg', {str})) or error
+            raise ExtractorError(f'API returned error: {message}', expected=True)
+
+        return data
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        video_info = traverse_obj(
+            self._call_api('get', video_id, {'id': video_id, 'flags': self._maximum_flags}),
+            ('items', 0, {dict}))
 
-        return self.url_result(
-            'https://pr0gramm.com/static/' + video_id,
-            video_id=video_id,
-            ie=Pr0grammStaticIE.ie_key())
+        source = urljoin('https://img.pr0gramm.com', video_info.get('image'))
+        if not source or not source.endswith('mp4'):
+            self.raise_no_formats('Could not extract a video', expected=bool(source), video_id=video_id)
+
+        tags = None
+        if self._is_logged_in:
+            metadata = self._call_api('info', video_id, {'itemId': video_id})
+            tags = traverse_obj(metadata, ('tags', ..., 'tag', {str}))
+            # Sorted by "confidence", higher confidence = earlier in list
+            confidences = traverse_obj(metadata, ('tags', ..., 'confidence', ({int}, {float})))
+            if confidences:
+                tags = [tag for _, tag in sorted(zip(confidences, tags), reverse=True)]
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': f'pr0gramm-{video_id} by {video_info.get("user")}',
+            'formats': [{
+                'url': source,
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                    'width': ('width', {int}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int}),
+                }),
+            }],
+            'tags': tags,
+            'age_limit': 18 if traverse_obj(video_info, ('flags', {0b110.__and__})) else 0,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Pr0grammStatic', video_id)],
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'uploader': ('user', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('userId', {int}),
+                'like_count': ('up', {int}),
+                'dislike_count': ('down', {int}),
+                'upload_timestamp': ('created', {int}),
+                'upload_date': ('created', {int}, {date.fromtimestamp}, {lambda x: x.strftime('%Y%m%d')}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {lambda x: urljoin('https://thumb.pr0gramm.com', x)})
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/puhutv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/puhutv.py
index 482e5705f..4b8e5e90d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/puhutv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/puhutv.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_str,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 display_id, 'Downloading video JSON',
                 headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                 self.raise_geo_restricted()
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..934ebbfd7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
@@ -0,0 +1,171 @@
+import json
+import time
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class QDanceIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'qdance'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?q-dance\.com/network/(?:library|live)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'note': 'vod',
+        'url': 'https://www.q-dance.com/network/library/146542138',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '146542138',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Sound Rush [LIVE] | Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2022 | Friday | RED',
+            'display_id': 'sound-rush-live-v3-defqon-1-weekend-festival-2022-friday-red',
+            'description': 'Relive Defqon.1 - Primal Energy 2022 with the sounds of Sound Rush LIVE at the RED on Friday! 🔥',
+            'season': 'Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2022',
+            'season_id': '31840632',
+            'series': 'Defqon.1',
+            'series_id': '31840378',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.q-dance.network/1674829540-20220624171509-220624171509_delio_dn201093-2.jpg',
+            'availability': 'premium_only',
+            'duration': 1829,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'note': 'livestream',
+        'url': 'https://www.q-dance.com/network/live/149170353',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '149170353',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:^Defqon\.1 2023 - Friday - RED',
+            'display_id': 'defqon-1-2023-friday-red',
+            'description': 'md5:3c73fbbd4044e578e696adfc64019163',
+            'season': 'Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2023',
+            'season_id': '141735599',
+            'series': 'Defqon.1',
+            'series_id': '31840378',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.q-dance.network/1686849069-area-thumbs_red.png',
+            'availability': 'subscriber_only',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'channel_id': 'qdancenetwork.video_149170353',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Completed livestream',
+    }, {
+        'note': 'vod with alphanumeric id',
+        'url': 'https://www.q-dance.com/network/library/WhDleSIWSfeT3Q9ObBKBeA',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'WhDleSIWSfeT3Q9ObBKBeA',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Aftershock I Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2023 I Sunday I BLUE',
+            'display_id': 'naam-i-defqon-1-weekend-festival-2023-i-dag-i-podium',
+            'description': 'Relive Defqon.1 Path of the Warrior with Aftershock at the BLUE 🔥',
+            'series': 'Defqon.1',
+            'series_id': '31840378',
+            'season': 'Defqon.1 Weekend Festival 2023',
+            'season_id': '141735599',
+            'duration': 3507,
+            'availability': 'premium_only',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.q-dance.network/1698158361-230625-135716-defqon-1-aftershock.jpg',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.q-dance.com/network/library/-uRFKXwmRZGVnve7av9uqA',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _access_token = None
+    _refresh_token = None
+
+    def _call_login_api(self, data, note='Logging in'):
+        login = self._download_json(
+            'https://members.id-t.com/api/auth/login', None, note, headers={
+                'content-type': 'application/json',
+                'brand': 'qdance',
+                'origin': 'https://www.q-dance.com',
+                'referer': 'https://www.q-dance.com/',
+            }, data=json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':')).encode(),
+            expected_status=lambda x: True)
+
+        tokens = traverse_obj(login, ('data', {
+            '_id-t-accounts-token': ('accessToken', {str}),
+            '_id-t-accounts-refresh': ('refreshToken', {str}),
+            '_id-t-accounts-id-token': ('idToken', {str}),
+        }))
+
+        if not tokens.get('_id-t-accounts-token'):
+            error = ': '.join(traverse_obj(login, ('error', ('code', 'message'), {str})))
+            if 'validation_error' not in error:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'Q-Dance API said "{error}"')
+            msg = 'Invalid username or password' if 'email' in data else 'Refresh token has expired'
+            raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)
+
+        for name, value in tokens.items():
+            self._set_cookie('.q-dance.com', name, value)
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        self._call_login_api({'email': username, 'password': password})
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.q-dance.com/')
+        self._refresh_token = try_call(lambda: cookies['_id-t-accounts-refresh'].value)
+        self._access_token = try_call(lambda: cookies['_id-t-accounts-token'].value)
+        if not self._access_token:
+            self.raise_login_required()
+
+    def _get_auth(self):
+        if (try_call(lambda: jwt_decode_hs256(self._access_token)['exp']) or 0) <= int(time.time() - 120):
+            if not self._refresh_token:
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    'Cannot refresh access token, login with yt-dlp or refresh cookies in browser')
+            self._call_login_api({'refreshToken': self._refresh_token}, note='Refreshing access token')
+            self._real_initialize()
+
+        return {'Authorization': self._access_token}
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        data = self._search_nuxt_data(webpage, video_id, traverse=('data', 0, 'data'))
+
+        def extract_availability(level):
+            level = int_or_none(level) or 0
+            return self._availability(
+                needs_premium=(level >= 20), needs_subscription=(level >= 15), needs_auth=True)
+
+        info = traverse_obj(data, {
+            'title': ('title', {str.strip}),
+            'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
+            'display_id': ('slug', {str}),
+            'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+            'availability': ('subscription', 'level', {extract_availability}),
+            'is_live': ('type', {lambda x: x.lower() == 'live'}),
+            'artist': ('acts', ..., {str}),
+            'series': ('event', 'title', {str.strip}),
+            'series_id': ('event', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+            'season': ('eventEdition', 'title', {str.strip}),
+            'season_id': ('eventEdition', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+            'channel_id': ('pubnub', 'channelName', {str}),
+        })
+
+        stream = self._download_json(
+            f'https://dc9h6qmsoymbq.cloudfront.net/api/content/videos/{video_id}/url',
+            video_id, headers=self._get_auth(), expected_status=401)
+
+        m3u8_url = traverse_obj(stream, ('data', 'url', {url_or_none}))
+        if not m3u8_url and traverse_obj(stream, ('error', 'code')) == 'unauthorized':
+            raise ExtractorError('Your account does not have access to this content', expected=True)
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            m3u8_url, video_id, fatal=False, live=True) if m3u8_url else []
+        if not formats:
+            self.raise_no_formats('No active streams found', expected=bool(info.get('is_live')))
+
+        return {
+            **info,
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py
index 7fdf78283..c363d9ba5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiko.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import base64
+import random
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@
 
 
 class RadikoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _FULL_KEY = None
     _HOSTS_FOR_TIME_FREE_FFMPEG_UNSUPPORTED = (
         'https://c-rpaa.smartstream.ne.jp',
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ class RadikoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         'https://c-radiko.smartstream.ne.jp',
     )
 
-    def _auth_client(self):
+    def _negotiate_token(self):
         _, auth1_handle = self._download_webpage_handle(
             'https://radiko.jp/v2/api/auth1', None, 'Downloading authentication page',
             headers={
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ def _auth_client(self):
                 'x-radiko-device': 'pc',
                 'x-radiko-user': 'dummy_user',
             })
-        auth1_header = auth1_handle.info()
+        auth1_header = auth1_handle.headers
 
         auth_token = auth1_header['X-Radiko-AuthToken']
         kl = int(auth1_header['X-Radiko-KeyLength'])
@@ -58,10 +60,23 @@ def _auth_client(self):
                 'x-radiko-partialkey': partial_key,
             }).split(',')[0]
 
+        if area_id == 'OUT':
+            self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['JP'])
+
         auth_data = (auth_token, area_id)
         self.cache.store('radiko', 'auth_data', auth_data)
         return auth_data
 
+    def _auth_client(self):
+        cachedata = self.cache.load('radiko', 'auth_data')
+        if cachedata is not None:
+            response = self._download_webpage(
+                'https://radiko.jp/v2/api/auth_check', None, 'Checking cached token', expected_status=401,
+                headers={'X-Radiko-AuthToken': cachedata[0], 'X-Radiko-AreaId': cachedata[1]})
+            if response == 'OK':
+                return cachedata
+        return self._negotiate_token()
+
     def _extract_full_key(self):
         if self._FULL_KEY:
             return self._FULL_KEY
@@ -75,7 +90,7 @@ def _extract_full_key(self):
 
         if full_key:
             full_key = full_key.encode()
-        else:  # use full key ever known
+        else:  # use only full key ever known
             full_key = b'bcd151073c03b352e1ef2fd66c32209da9ca0afa'
 
         self._FULL_KEY = full_key
@@ -103,24 +118,24 @@ def _extract_formats(self, video_id, station, is_onair, ft, cursor, auth_token,
         m3u8_playlist_data = self._download_xml(
             f'https://radiko.jp/v3/station/stream/pc_html5/{station}.xml', video_id,
             note='Downloading stream information')
-        m3u8_urls = m3u8_playlist_data.findall('.//url')
 
         formats = []
         found = set()
-        for url_tag in m3u8_urls:
-            pcu = url_tag.find('playlist_create_url').text
-            url_attrib = url_tag.attrib
+
+        timefree_int = 0 if is_onair else 1
+
+        for element in m3u8_playlist_data.findall(f'.//url[@timefree="{timefree_int}"]/playlist_create_url'):
+            pcu = element.text
+            if pcu in found:
+                continue
+            found.add(pcu)
             playlist_url = update_url_query(pcu, {
                 'station_id': station,
                 **query,
                 'l': '15',
-                'lsid': '88ecea37e968c1f17d5413312d9f8003',
+                'lsid': ''.join(random.choices('0123456789abcdef', k=32)),
                 'type': 'b',
             })
-            if playlist_url in found:
-                continue
-            else:
-                found.add(playlist_url)
 
             time_to_skip = None if is_onair else cursor - ft
 
@@ -138,8 +153,8 @@ def _extract_formats(self, video_id, station, is_onair, ft, cursor, auth_token,
                         not is_onair and pcu.startswith(self._HOSTS_FOR_TIME_FREE_FFMPEG_UNSUPPORTED)):
                     sf['preference'] = -100
                     sf['format_note'] = 'not preferred'
-                if not is_onair and url_attrib['timefree'] == '1' and time_to_skip:
-                    sf['downloader_options'] = {'ffmpeg_args': ['-ss', time_to_skip]}
+                if not is_onair and timefree_int == 1 and time_to_skip:
+                    sf['downloader_options'] = {'ffmpeg_args': ['-ss', str(time_to_skip)]}
             formats.extend(subformats)
 
         return formats
@@ -166,21 +181,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         vid_int = unified_timestamp(video_id, False)
         prog, station_program, ft, radio_begin, radio_end = self._find_program(video_id, station, vid_int)
 
-        auth_cache = self.cache.load('radiko', 'auth_data')
-        for attempt in range(2):
-            auth_token, area_id = (not attempt and auth_cache) or self._auth_client()
-            formats = self._extract_formats(
-                video_id=video_id, station=station, is_onair=False,
-                ft=ft, cursor=vid_int, auth_token=auth_token, area_id=area_id,
-                query={
-                    'start_at': radio_begin,
-                    'ft': radio_begin,
-                    'end_at': radio_end,
-                    'to': radio_end,
-                    'seek': video_id,
-                })
-            if formats:
-                break
+        auth_token, area_id = self._auth_client()
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
@@ -189,8 +190,18 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'uploader': try_call(lambda: station_program.find('.//name').text),
             'uploader_id': station,
             'timestamp': vid_int,
-            'formats': formats,
             'is_live': True,
+            'formats': self._extract_formats(
+                video_id=video_id, station=station, is_onair=False,
+                ft=ft, cursor=vid_int, auth_token=auth_token, area_id=area_id,
+                query={
+                    'start_at': radio_begin,
+                    'ft': radio_begin,
+                    'end_at': radio_end,
+                    'to': radio_end,
+                    'seek': video_id
+                }
+            ),
         }
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiocanada.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiocanada.py
index 72c21d502..1a5a6355a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiocanada.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiocanada.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ def _call_api(self, path, video_id=None, app_code=None, query=None):
             return self._download_json(
                 'https://services.radio-canada.ca/media/' + path, video_id, query=query)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (401, 422):
-                data = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), None)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status in (401, 422):
+                data = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), None)
                 error = data.get('error_description') or data['errorMessage']['text']
                 raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
             raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiocomercial.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiocomercial.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..07891fe41
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiocomercial.py
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+import itertools
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    try_call,
+    unified_strdate,
+    update_url,
+    urljoin
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class RadioComercialIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radiocomercial\.pt/podcasts/[^/?#]+/t?(?P<season>\d+)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://radiocomercial.pt/podcasts/o-homem-que-mordeu-o-cao/t6/taylor-swift-entranhando-se-que-nem-uma-espada-no-ventre-dos-fas#page-content-wrapper',
+        'md5': '5f4fe8e485b29d2e8fd495605bc2c7e4',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'taylor-swift-entranhando-se-que-nem-uma-espada-no-ventre-dos-fas',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Taylor Swift entranhando-se que nem uma espada no ventre dos fãs.',
+            'release_date': '20231025',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://radiocomercial.pt/upload/[^.]+.jpg',
+            'season': 6
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://radiocomercial.pt/podcasts/convenca-me-num-minuto/t3/convenca-me-num-minuto-que-os-lobisomens-existem',
+        'md5': '47e96c273aef96a8eb160cd6cf46d782',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'convenca-me-num-minuto-que-os-lobisomens-existem',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Convença-me num minuto que os lobisomens existem',
+            'release_date': '20231026',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://radiocomercial.pt/upload/[^.]+.jpg',
+            'season': 3
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://radiocomercial.pt/podcasts/inacreditavel-by-ines-castel-branco/t2/o-desastre-de-aviao',
+        'md5': '69be64255420fec23b7259955d771e54',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'o-desastre-de-aviao',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'O desastre de avião',
+            'description': 'md5:8a82beeb372641614772baab7246245f',
+            'release_date': '20231101',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://radiocomercial.pt/upload/[^.]+.jpg',
+            'season': 2
+        },
+        'params': {
+            # inconsistant md5
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://radiocomercial.pt/podcasts/tnt-todos-no-top/2023/t-n-t-29-de-outubro',
+        'md5': '91d32d4d4b1407272068b102730fc9fa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 't-n-t-29-de-outubro',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'T.N.T 29 de outubro',
+            'release_date': '20231029',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://radiocomercial.pt/upload/[^.]+.jpg',
+            'season': 2023
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, season = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'season')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None),
+            'release_date': unified_strdate(get_element_by_class(
+                'date', get_element_html_by_class('descriptions', webpage) or '')),
+            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
+            'season': int_or_none(season),
+            'url': extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_class('audiofile', webpage) or '').get('href'),
+        }
+
+
+class RadioComercialPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radiocomercial\.pt/podcasts/(?P<id>[\w-]+)(?:/t?(?P<season>\d+))?/?(?:$|[?#])'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://radiocomercial.pt/podcasts/convenca-me-num-minuto/t3',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'convenca-me-num-minuto_t3',
+            'title': 'Convença-me num Minuto - Temporada 3',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 32
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://radiocomercial.pt/podcasts/o-homem-que-mordeu-o-cao',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'o-homem-que-mordeu-o-cao',
+            'title': 'O Homem Que Mordeu o Cão',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 19
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://radiocomercial.pt/podcasts/as-minhas-coisas-favoritas',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'as-minhas-coisas-favoritas',
+            'title': 'As Minhas Coisas Favoritas',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 131
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://radiocomercial.pt/podcasts/tnt-todos-no-top/t2023',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'tnt-todos-no-top_t2023',
+            'title': 'TNT - Todos No Top - Temporada 2023',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 39
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, url, playlist_id):
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            try:
+                webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                    f'{url}/{page}', playlist_id, f'Downloading page {page}')
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404:
+                    break
+                raise
+
+            episodes = get_elements_html_by_class('tm-ouvir-podcast', webpage)
+            if not episodes:
+                break
+            for url_path in traverse_obj(episodes, (..., {extract_attributes}, 'href')):
+                episode_url = urljoin(url, url_path)
+                if RadioComercialIE.suitable(episode_url):
+                    yield episode_url
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        podcast, season = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'season')
+        playlist_id = join_nonempty(podcast, season, delim='_t')
+        url = update_url(url, query=None, fragment=None)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+
+        name = try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h1', webpage)[0])
+        title = name if name == season else join_nonempty(name, season, delim=' - Temporada ')
+
+        return self.playlist_from_matches(
+            self._entries(url, playlist_id), playlist_id, title, ie=RadioComercialIE)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py
index 92e51b7f4..ec1b97631 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py
@@ -1,7 +1,18 @@
+import itertools
 import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import parse_duration, unified_strdate
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    js_to_json,
+    parse_duration,
+    strftime_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_strdate,
+    urljoin,
+)
 
 
 class RadioFranceIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -56,8 +67,32 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class FranceCultureIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radiofrance\.fr/(?:franceculture|fip|francemusique|mouv|franceinter)/podcasts/(?:[^?#]+/)?(?P<display_id>[^?#]+)-(?P<id>\d+)($|[?#])'
+class RadioFranceBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radiofrance\.fr'
+
+    _STATIONS_RE = '|'.join(map(re.escape, (
+        'franceculture',
+        'franceinfo',
+        'franceinter',
+        'francemusique',
+        'fip',
+        'mouv',
+    )))
+
+    def _extract_data_from_webpage(self, webpage, display_id, key):
+        return traverse_obj(self._search_json(
+            r'\bconst\s+data\s*=', webpage, key, display_id,
+            contains_pattern=r'\[\{(?s:.+)\}\]', transform_source=js_to_json),
+            (..., 'data', key, {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
+
+
+class FranceCultureIE(RadioFranceBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'''(?x)
+        {RadioFranceBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}
+        /(?:{RadioFranceBaseIE._STATIONS_RE})
+        /podcasts/(?:[^?#]+/)?(?P<display_id>[^?#]+)-(?P<id>\d{{6,}})(?:$|[?#])
+    '''
+
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/science-en-questions/la-physique-d-einstein-aiderait-elle-a-comprendre-le-cerveau-8440487',
@@ -67,14 +102,30 @@ class FranceCultureIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp3',
                 'title': 'La physique d’Einstein aiderait-elle à comprendre le cerveau ?',
                 'description': 'Existerait-il un pont conceptuel entre la physique de l’espace-temps et les neurosciences ?',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.radiofrance.fr/s3/cruiser-production/2022/05/d184e7a3-4827-4494-bf94-04ed7b120db4/1200x630_gettyimages-200171095-001.jpg',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
                 'upload_date': '20220514',
                 'duration': 2750,
             },
         },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/le-7-9-30/le-7-9-30-du-vendredi-10-mars-2023-2107675',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '2107675',
+                'display_id': 'le-7-9-30-du-vendredi-10-mars-2023',
+                'title': 'Inflation alimentaire : comment en sortir ? - Régis Debray et Claude Grange - Cybèle Idelot',
+                'description': 'md5:36ee74351ede77a314fdebb94026b916',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+                'upload_date': '20230310',
+                'duration': 8977,
+                'ext': 'mp3',
+            },
+        },
         {
             'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/la-rafle-du-vel-d-hiv-une-affaire-d-etat/les-racines-du-crime-episode-1-3715507',
             'only_matching': True,
+        }, {
+            'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinfo/podcasts/le-billet-sciences/sante-bientot-un-vaccin-contre-l-asthme-allergique-3057200',
+            'only_matching': True,
         }
     ]
 
@@ -89,7 +140,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'id': video_id,
             'display_id': display_id,
             'url': video_data['contentUrl'],
-            'ext': video_data.get('encodingFormat'),
             'vcodec': 'none' if video_data.get('encodingFormat') == 'mp3' else None,
             'duration': parse_duration(video_data.get('duration')),
             'title': self._html_search_regex(r'(?s)<h1[^>]*itemprop="[^"]*name[^"]*"[^>]*>(.+?)</h1>',
@@ -102,3 +152,322 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'upload_date': unified_strdate(self._search_regex(
                 r'"datePublished"\s*:\s*"([^"]+)', webpage, 'timestamp', fatal=False))
         }
+
+
+class RadioFranceLiveIE(RadioFranceBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:www\.)?radiofrance\.fr
+        /(?P<id>{RadioFranceBaseIE._STATIONS_RE})
+        /?(?P<substation_id>radio-[\w-]+)?(?:[#?]|$)
+    '''
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'franceinter',
+            'title': str,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'franceculture',
+            'title': str,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/mouv/radio-musique-kids-family',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'mouv-radio-musique-kids-family',
+            'title': str,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/mouv/radio-rnb-soul',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'mouv-radio-rnb-soul',
+            'title': str,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/mouv/radio-musique-mix',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'mouv-radio-musique-mix',
+            'title': str,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/fip/radio-rock',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'fip-radio-rock',
+            'title': str,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'aac',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/mouv',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        station_id, substation_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'substation_id')
+
+        if substation_id:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, station_id)
+            api_response = self._extract_data_from_webpage(webpage, station_id, 'webRadioData')
+        else:
+            api_response = self._download_json(
+                f'https://www.radiofrance.fr/{station_id}/api/live', station_id)
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for media_source in traverse_obj(api_response, (('now', None), 'media', 'sources', lambda _, v: v['url'])):
+            if media_source.get('format') == 'hls':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(media_source['url'], station_id, fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': media_source['url'],
+                    'abr': media_source.get('bitrate'),
+                })
+
+        return {
+            'id': join_nonempty(station_id, substation_id),
+            'title': traverse_obj(api_response, ('visual', 'legend')) or join_nonempty(
+                ('now', 'firstLine', 'title'), ('now', 'secondLine', 'title'), from_dict=api_response, delim=' - '),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'is_live': True,
+        }
+
+
+class RadioFrancePlaylistBase(RadioFranceBaseIE):
+    """Subclasses must set _METADATA_KEY"""
+
+    def _call_api(self, content_id, cursor, page_num):
+        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
+
+    def _generate_playlist_entries(self, content_id, content_response):
+        for page_num in itertools.count(2):
+            for entry in content_response['items']:
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    f'https://www.radiofrance.fr/{entry["path"]}', url_transparent=True, **traverse_obj(entry, {
+                        'title': 'title',
+                        'description': 'standFirst',
+                        'timestamp': ('publishedDate', {int_or_none}),
+                        'thumbnail': ('visual', 'src'),
+                    }))
+
+            next_cursor = traverse_obj(content_response, (('pagination', None), 'next'), get_all=False)
+            if not next_cursor:
+                break
+
+            content_response = self._call_api(content_id, next_cursor, page_num)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        metadata = self._download_json(
+            'https://www.radiofrance.fr/api/v2.1/path', display_id,
+            query={'value': urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path})['content']
+
+        content_id = metadata['id']
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._generate_playlist_entries(content_id, metadata[self._METADATA_KEY]), content_id,
+            display_id=display_id, **{**traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'standFirst',
+                'thumbnail': ('visual', 'src'),
+            }), **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': 'name',
+                'description': 'role',
+            })})
+
+
+class RadioFrancePodcastIE(RadioFrancePlaylistBase):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'''(?x)
+        {RadioFranceBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}
+        /(?:{RadioFranceBaseIE._STATIONS_RE})
+        /podcasts/(?P<id>[\w-]+)/?(?:[?#]|$)
+    '''
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinfo/podcasts/le-billet-vert',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'eaf6ef81-a980-4f1c-a7d1-8a75ecd54b17',
+            'display_id': 'le-billet-vert',
+            'title': 'Le billet sciences',
+            'description': 'md5:eb1007b34b0c0a680daaa71525bbd4c1',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 11,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/jean-marie-le-pen-l-obsession-nationale',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '566fd524-3074-4fbc-ac69-8696f2152a54',
+            'display_id': 'jean-marie-le-pen-l-obsession-nationale',
+            'title': 'Jean-Marie Le Pen, l\'obsession nationale',
+            'description': 'md5:a07c0cfb894f6d07a62d0ad12c4b7d73',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 7,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/serie-thomas-grjebine',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '63c1ddc9-9f15-457a-98b2-411bac63f48d',
+            'display_id': 'serie-thomas-grjebine',
+            'title': 'Thomas Grjebine',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/fip/podcasts/certains-l-aiment-fip',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '143dff38-e956-4a5d-8576-1c0b7242b99e',
+            'display_id': 'certains-l-aiment-fip',
+            'title': 'Certains l’aiment Fip',
+            'description': 'md5:ff974672ba00d4fd5be80fb001c5b27e',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 321,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/podcasts/le-7-9',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/mouv/podcasts/dirty-mix',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _METADATA_KEY = 'expressions'
+
+    def _call_api(self, podcast_id, cursor, page_num):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.radiofrance.fr/api/v2.1/concepts/{podcast_id}/expressions', podcast_id,
+            note=f'Downloading page {page_num}', query={'pageCursor': cursor})
+
+
+class RadioFranceProfileIE(RadioFrancePlaylistBase):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'{RadioFranceBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}/personnes/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/personnes/thomas-pesquet?p=3',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '86c62790-e481-11e2-9f7b-782bcb6744eb',
+            'display_id': 'thomas-pesquet',
+            'title': 'Thomas Pesquet',
+            'description': 'Astronaute à l\'agence spatiale européenne',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 212,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/personnes/eugenie-bastie',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9593050b-0183-4972-a0b5-d8f699079e02',
+            'display_id': 'eugenie-bastie',
+            'title': 'Eugénie Bastié',
+            'description': 'Journaliste et essayiste',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 39,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/personnes/lea-salame',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _METADATA_KEY = 'documents'
+
+    def _call_api(self, profile_id, cursor, page_num):
+        resp = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.radiofrance.fr/api/v2.1/taxonomy/{profile_id}/documents', profile_id,
+            note=f'Downloading page {page_num}', query={
+                'relation': 'personality',
+                'cursor': cursor,
+            })
+
+        resp['next'] = traverse_obj(resp, ('pagination', 'next'))
+        return resp
+
+
+class RadioFranceProgramScheduleIE(RadioFranceBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = rf'''(?x)
+        {RadioFranceBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}
+        /(?P<station>{RadioFranceBaseIE._STATIONS_RE})
+        /grille-programmes(?:\?date=(?P<date>[\d-]+))?
+    '''
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceinter/grille-programmes?date=17-02-2023',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'franceinter-program-20230217',
+            'upload_date': '20230217',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 25,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/grille-programmes?date=01-02-2023',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'franceculture-program-20230201',
+            'upload_date': '20230201',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 25,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/mouv/grille-programmes?date=19-03-2023',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'mouv-program-20230319',
+            'upload_date': '20230319',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 3,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/francemusique/grille-programmes?date=18-03-2023',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'francemusique-program-20230318',
+            'upload_date': '20230318',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 15,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/grille-programmes',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _generate_playlist_entries(self, webpage_url, api_response):
+        for entry in traverse_obj(api_response, ('steps', lambda _, v: v['expression']['path'])):
+            yield self.url_result(
+                urljoin(webpage_url, f'/{entry["expression"]["path"]}'), ie=FranceCultureIE,
+                url_transparent=True, **traverse_obj(entry, {
+                    'title': ('expression', 'title'),
+                    'thumbnail': ('expression', 'visual', 'src'),
+                    'timestamp': ('startTime', {int_or_none}),
+                    'series_id': ('concept', 'id'),
+                    'series': ('concept', 'title'),
+                }))
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        station, date = self._match_valid_url(url).group('station', 'date')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, station)
+        grid_data = self._extract_data_from_webpage(webpage, station, 'grid')
+        upload_date = strftime_or_none(grid_data.get('date'), '%Y%m%d')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._generate_playlist_entries(url, grid_data),
+            join_nonempty(station, 'program', upload_date), upload_date=upload_date)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rai.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rai.py
index cab12cc21..df4102a40 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rai.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rai.py
@@ -1,19 +1,12 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_str,
-    compat_urlparse,
-)
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     ExtractorError,
     filter_dict,
-    find_xpath_attr,
-    fix_xml_ampersands,
     GeoRestrictedError,
-    HEADRequest,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_duration,
@@ -35,82 +28,70 @@ class RaiBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
     def _extract_relinker_info(self, relinker_url, video_id, audio_only=False):
+        def fix_cdata(s):
+            # remove \r\n\t before and after <![CDATA[ ]]> to avoid
+            # polluted text with xpath_text
+            s = re.sub(r'(\]\]>)[\r\n\t]+(</)', '\\1\\2', s)
+            return re.sub(r'(>)[\r\n\t]+(<!\[CDATA\[)', '\\1\\2', s)
+
         if not re.match(r'https?://', relinker_url):
             return {'formats': [{'url': relinker_url}]}
 
+        # set User-Agent to generic 'Rai' to avoid quality filtering from
+        # the media server and get the maximum qualities available
+        relinker = self._download_xml(
+            relinker_url, video_id, note='Downloading XML metadata',
+            transform_source=fix_cdata, query={'output': 64},
+            headers={**self.geo_verification_headers(), 'User-Agent': 'Rai'})
+
+        if xpath_text(relinker, './license_url', default='{}') != '{}':
+            self.report_drm(video_id)
+
+        is_live = xpath_text(relinker, './is_live', default='N') == 'Y'
+        duration = parse_duration(xpath_text(relinker, './duration', default=None))
+        media_url = xpath_text(relinker, './url[@type="content"]', default=None)
+
+        if not media_url:
+            self.raise_no_formats('The relinker returned no media url')
+
+        # geo flag is a bit unreliable and not properly set all the time
+        geoprotection = xpath_text(relinker, './geoprotection', default='N') == 'Y'
+
+        ext = determine_ext(media_url)
         formats = []
-        geoprotection = None
-        is_live = None
-        duration = None
 
-        for platform in ('mon', 'flash', 'native'):
-            relinker = self._download_xml(
-                relinker_url, video_id,
-                note=f'Downloading XML metadata for platform {platform}',
-                transform_source=fix_xml_ampersands,
-                query={'output': 45, 'pl': platform},
-                headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
+        if ext == 'mp3':
+            formats.append({
+                'url': media_url,
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+                'acodec': 'mp3',
+                'format_id': 'https-mp3',
+            })
+        elif ext == 'm3u8' or 'format=m3u8' in media_url:
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                media_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+        elif ext == 'f4m':
+            # very likely no longer needed. Cannot find any url that uses it.
+            manifest_url = update_url_query(
+                media_url.replace('manifest#live_hds.f4m', 'manifest.f4m'),
+                {'hdcore': '3.7.0', 'plugin': 'aasp-3.7.0.39.44'})
+            formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
+                manifest_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
+        elif ext == 'mp4':
+            bitrate = int_or_none(xpath_text(relinker, './bitrate'))
+            formats.append({
+                'url': media_url,
+                'tbr': bitrate if bitrate > 0 else None,
+                'format_id': join_nonempty('https', bitrate, delim='-'),
+            })
+        else:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unrecognized media file found')
 
-            if xpath_text(relinker, './license_url', default='{}') != '{}':
-                self.report_drm(video_id)
-
-            if not geoprotection:
-                geoprotection = xpath_text(
-                    relinker, './geoprotection', default=None) == 'Y'
-
-            if not is_live:
-                is_live = xpath_text(
-                    relinker, './is_live', default=None) == 'Y'
-            if not duration:
-                duration = parse_duration(xpath_text(
-                    relinker, './duration', default=None))
-
-            url_elem = find_xpath_attr(relinker, './url', 'type', 'content')
-            if url_elem is None:
-                continue
-
-            media_url = url_elem.text
-
-            # This does not imply geo restriction (e.g.
-            # http://www.raisport.rai.it/dl/raiSport/media/rassegna-stampa-04a9f4bd-b563-40cf-82a6-aad3529cb4a9.html)
-            if '/video_no_available.mp4' in media_url:
-                continue
-
-            ext = determine_ext(media_url)
-            if (ext == 'm3u8' and platform != 'mon') or (ext == 'f4m' and platform != 'flash'):
-                continue
-
-            if ext == 'mp3':
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': media_url,
-                    'vcodec': 'none',
-                    'acodec': 'mp3',
-                    'format_id': 'http-mp3',
-                })
-                break
-            elif ext == 'm3u8' or 'format=m3u8' in media_url or platform == 'mon':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    media_url, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
-                    m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-            elif ext == 'f4m' or platform == 'flash':
-                manifest_url = update_url_query(
-                    media_url.replace('manifest#live_hds.f4m', 'manifest.f4m'),
-                    {'hdcore': '3.7.0', 'plugin': 'aasp-3.7.0.39.44'})
-                formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
-                    manifest_url, video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False))
-            else:
-                bitrate = int_or_none(xpath_text(relinker, 'bitrate'))
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': media_url,
-                    'tbr': bitrate if bitrate > 0 else None,
-                    'format_id': f'http-{bitrate if bitrate > 0 else "http"}',
-                })
-
-        if not formats and geoprotection is True:
+        if (not formats and geoprotection is True) or '/video_no_available.mp4' in media_url:
             self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES, metadata_available=True)
 
-        if not audio_only:
-            formats.extend(self._create_http_urls(relinker_url, formats))
+        if not audio_only and not is_live:
+            formats.extend(self._create_http_urls(media_url, relinker_url, formats))
 
         return filter_dict({
             'is_live': is_live,
@@ -118,38 +99,31 @@ def _extract_relinker_info(self, relinker_url, video_id, audio_only=False):
             'formats': formats,
         })
 
-    def _create_http_urls(self, relinker_url, fmts):
-        _RELINKER_REG = r'https?://(?P<host>[^/]+?)/(?:i/)?(?P<extra>[^/]+?)/(?P<path>.+?)/(?P<id>\w+)(?:_(?P<quality>[\d\,]+))?(?:\.mp4|/playlist\.m3u8).+?'
+    def _create_http_urls(self, manifest_url, relinker_url, fmts):
+        _MANIFEST_REG = r'/(?P<id>\w+)(?:_(?P<quality>[\d\,]+))?(?:\.mp4)?(?:\.csmil)?/playlist\.m3u8'
         _MP4_TMPL = '%s&overrideUserAgentRule=mp4-%s'
         _QUALITY = {
             # tbr: w, h
-            '250': [352, 198],
-            '400': [512, 288],
-            '700': [512, 288],
-            '800': [700, 394],
-            '1200': [736, 414],
-            '1800': [1024, 576],
-            '2400': [1280, 720],
-            '3200': [1440, 810],
-            '3600': [1440, 810],
-            '5000': [1920, 1080],
-            '10000': [1920, 1080],
+            250: [352, 198],
+            400: [512, 288],
+            600: [512, 288],
+            700: [512, 288],
+            800: [700, 394],
+            1200: [736, 414],
+            1500: [920, 518],
+            1800: [1024, 576],
+            2400: [1280, 720],
+            3200: [1440, 810],
+            3600: [1440, 810],
+            5000: [1920, 1080],
+            10000: [1920, 1080],
         }
 
-        def test_url(url):
-            resp = self._request_webpage(
-                HEADRequest(url), None, headers={'User-Agent': 'Rai'},
-                fatal=False, errnote=False, note=False)
-
-            if resp is False:
+        def percentage(number, target, pc=20, roof=125):
+            '''check if the target is in the range of number +/- percent'''
+            if not number or number < 0:
                 return False
-
-            if resp.code == 200:
-                return False if resp.url == url else resp.url
-            return None
-
-        # filter out audio-only formats
-        fmts = [f for f in fmts if not f.get('vcodec') == 'none']
+            return abs(target - number) < min(float(number) * float(pc) / 100.0, roof)
 
         def get_format_info(tbr):
             import math
@@ -157,67 +131,78 @@ def get_format_info(tbr):
             if len(fmts) == 1 and not br:
                 br = fmts[0].get('tbr')
             if br and br > 300:
-                tbr = compat_str(math.floor(br / 100) * 100)
+                tbr = math.floor(br / 100) * 100
             else:
-                tbr = '250'
+                tbr = 250
 
             # try extracting info from available m3u8 formats
-            format_copy = None
+            format_copy = [None, None]
             for f in fmts:
                 if f.get('tbr'):
-                    br_limit = math.floor(br / 100)
-                    if br_limit - 1 <= math.floor(f['tbr'] / 100) <= br_limit + 1:
-                        format_copy = f.copy()
+                    if percentage(tbr, f['tbr']):
+                        format_copy[0] = f.copy()
+                if [f.get('width'), f.get('height')] == _QUALITY.get(tbr):
+                    format_copy[1] = f.copy()
+                    format_copy[1]['tbr'] = tbr
+
+            # prefer format with similar bitrate because there might be
+            # multiple video with the same resolution but different bitrate
+            format_copy = format_copy[0] or format_copy[1] or {}
             return {
+                'format_id': f'https-{tbr}',
                 'width': format_copy.get('width'),
                 'height': format_copy.get('height'),
                 'tbr': format_copy.get('tbr'),
                 'vcodec': format_copy.get('vcodec'),
                 'acodec': format_copy.get('acodec'),
                 'fps': format_copy.get('fps'),
-                'format_id': f'https-{tbr}',
             } if format_copy else {
+                'format_id': f'https-{tbr}',
                 'width': _QUALITY[tbr][0],
                 'height': _QUALITY[tbr][1],
-                'format_id': f'https-{tbr}',
-                'tbr': int(tbr),
+                'tbr': tbr,
+                'vcodec': 'avc1',
+                'acodec': 'mp4a',
+                'fps': 25,
             }
 
-        loc = test_url(_MP4_TMPL % (relinker_url, '*'))
-        if not isinstance(loc, compat_str):
-            return []
+        # filter out single-stream formats
+        fmts = [f for f in fmts
+                if not f.get('vcodec') == 'none' and not f.get('acodec') == 'none']
 
-        mobj = re.match(
-            _RELINKER_REG,
-            test_url(relinker_url) or '')
+        mobj = re.search(_MANIFEST_REG, manifest_url)
         if not mobj:
             return []
-
         available_qualities = mobj.group('quality').split(',') if mobj.group('quality') else ['*']
-        available_qualities = [i for i in available_qualities if i]
 
         formats = []
-        for q in available_qualities:
-            fmt = {
+        for q in filter(None, available_qualities):
+            self.write_debug(f'Creating https format for quality {q}')
+            formats.append({
                 'url': _MP4_TMPL % (relinker_url, q),
                 'protocol': 'https',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 **get_format_info(q)
-            }
-            formats.append(fmt)
+            })
         return formats
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_thumbnails_list(thumbs, url):
+        return [{
+            'url': urljoin(url, thumb_url),
+        } for thumb_url in (thumbs or {}).values() if thumb_url]
+
     @staticmethod
     def _extract_subtitles(url, video_data):
         STL_EXT = 'stl'
         SRT_EXT = 'srt'
         subtitles = {}
-        subtitles_array = video_data.get('subtitlesArray') or []
+        subtitles_array = video_data.get('subtitlesArray') or video_data.get('subtitleList') or []
         for k in ('subtitles', 'subtitlesUrl'):
             subtitles_array.append({'url': video_data.get(k)})
         for subtitle in subtitles_array:
             sub_url = subtitle.get('url')
-            if sub_url and isinstance(sub_url, compat_str):
+            if sub_url and isinstance(sub_url, str):
                 sub_lang = subtitle.get('language') or 'it'
                 sub_url = urljoin(url, sub_url)
                 sub_ext = determine_ext(sub_url, SRT_EXT)
@@ -236,7 +221,7 @@ def _extract_subtitles(url, video_data):
 class RaiPlayIE(RaiBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = rf'(?P<base>https?://(?:www\.)?raiplay\.it/.+?-(?P<id>{RaiBaseIE._UUID_RE}))\.(?:html|json)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.raiplay.it/video/2014/04/Report-del-07042014-cb27157f-9dd0-4aee-b788-b1f67643a391.html',
+        'url': 'https://www.raiplay.it/video/2014/04/Report-del-07042014-cb27157f-9dd0-4aee-b788-b1f67643a391.html',
         'md5': '8970abf8caf8aef4696e7b1f2adfc696',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'cb27157f-9dd0-4aee-b788-b1f67643a391',
@@ -244,22 +229,20 @@ class RaiPlayIE(RaiBaseIE):
             'title': 'Report del 07/04/2014',
             'alt_title': 'St 2013/14 - Report - Espresso nel caffè - 07/04/2014',
             'description': 'md5:d730c168a58f4bb35600fc2f881ec04e',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'uploader': 'Rai Gulp',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://www\.raiplay\.it/.+\.jpg',
+            'uploader': 'Rai 3',
+            'creator': 'Rai 3',
             'duration': 6160,
             'series': 'Report',
             'season': '2013/14',
-            'subtitles': {
-                'it': 'count:4',
-            },
+            'subtitles': {'it': 'count:4'},
             'release_year': 2022,
             'episode': 'Espresso nel caffè - 07/04/2014',
             'timestamp': 1396919880,
             'upload_date': '20140408',
+            'formats': 'count:4',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }, {
         # 1080p direct mp4 url
         'url': 'https://www.raiplay.it/video/2021/11/Blanca-S1E1-Senza-occhi-b1255a4a-8e72-4a2f-b9f3-fc1308e00736.html',
@@ -270,8 +253,9 @@ class RaiPlayIE(RaiBaseIE):
             'title': 'Blanca - S1E1 - Senza occhi',
             'alt_title': 'St 1 Ep 1 - Blanca - Senza occhi',
             'description': 'md5:75f95d5c030ec8bac263b1212322e28c',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'uploader': 'Rai 1',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www\.raiplay\.it/dl/img/.+\.jpg',
+            'uploader': 'Rai Premium',
+            'creator': 'Rai Fiction',
             'duration': 6493,
             'series': 'Blanca',
             'season': 'Season 1',
@@ -281,6 +265,30 @@ class RaiPlayIE(RaiBaseIE):
             'episode': 'Senza occhi',
             'timestamp': 1637318940,
             'upload_date': '20211119',
+            'formats': 'count:12',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Video not available. Likely due to geo-restriction.']
+    }, {
+        # 1500 quality
+        'url': 'https://www.raiplay.it/video/2012/09/S1E11---Tutto-cio-che-luccica-0cab3323-732e-45d6-8e86-7704acab6598.html',
+        'md5': 'a634d20e8ab2d43724c273563f6bf87a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0cab3323-732e-45d6-8e86-7704acab6598',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Mia and Me - S1E11 - Tutto ciò che luccica',
+            'alt_title': 'St 1 Ep 11 - Mia and Me - Tutto ciò che luccica',
+            'description': 'md5:4969e594184b1920c4c1f2b704da9dea',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'uploader': 'Rai Gulp',
+            'series': 'Mia and Me',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'episode_number': 11,
+            'release_year': 2015,
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Tutto ciò che luccica',
+            'timestamp': 1348495020,
+            'upload_date': '20120924',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.raiplay.it/video/2016/11/gazebotraindesi-efebe701-969c-4593-92f3-285f0d1ce750.html?',
@@ -299,57 +307,40 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         base, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
 
         media = self._download_json(
-            base + '.json', video_id, 'Downloading video JSON')
+            f'{base}.json', video_id, 'Downloading video JSON')
 
         if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats'):
-            if try_get(
-                    media,
-                    (lambda x: x['rights_management']['rights']['drm'],
-                     lambda x: x['program_info']['rights_management']['rights']['drm']),
-                    dict):
+            if traverse_obj(media, (('program_info', None), 'rights_management', 'rights', 'drm')):
                 self.report_drm(video_id)
 
-        title = media['name']
         video = media['video']
-
         relinker_info = self._extract_relinker_info(video['content_url'], video_id)
-
-        thumbnails = []
-        for _, value in media.get('images', {}).items():
-            if value:
-                thumbnails.append({
-                    'url': urljoin(url, value),
-                })
-
-        date_published = media.get('date_published')
-        time_published = media.get('time_published')
-        if date_published and time_published:
-            date_published += ' ' + time_published
-
-        subtitles = self._extract_subtitles(url, video)
-
-        program_info = media.get('program_info') or {}
+        date_published = join_nonempty(
+            media.get('date_published'), media.get('time_published'), delim=' ')
         season = media.get('season')
-
         alt_title = join_nonempty(media.get('subtitle'), media.get('toptitle'), delim=' - ')
 
         return {
             'id': remove_start(media.get('id'), 'ContentItem-') or video_id,
             'display_id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': media.get('name'),
             'alt_title': strip_or_none(alt_title or None),
             'description': media.get('description'),
-            'uploader': strip_or_none(media.get('channel') or None),
-            'creator': strip_or_none(media.get('editor') or None),
+            'uploader': strip_or_none(
+                traverse_obj(media, ('program_info', 'channel'))
+                or media.get('channel') or None),
+            'creator': strip_or_none(
+                traverse_obj(media, ('program_info', 'editor'))
+                or media.get('editor') or None),
             'duration': parse_duration(video.get('duration')),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(date_published),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'series': program_info.get('name'),
+            'thumbnails': self._get_thumbnails_list(media.get('images'), url),
+            'series': traverse_obj(media, ('program_info', 'name')),
             'season_number': int_or_none(season),
             'season': season if (season and not season.isdigit()) else None,
             'episode': media.get('episode_title'),
             'episode_number': int_or_none(media.get('episode')),
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'subtitles': self._extract_subtitles(url, video),
             'release_year': int_or_none(traverse_obj(media, ('track_info', 'edit_year'))),
             **relinker_info
         }
@@ -371,38 +362,39 @@ class RaiPlayLiveIE(RaiPlayIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'live_status': 'is_live',
             'upload_date': '20090502',
             'timestamp': 1241276220,
+            'formats': 'count:3',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }]
 
 
 class RaiPlayPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base>https?://(?:www\.)?raiplay\.it/programmi/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))(?:/(?P<extra_id>[^?#&]+))?'
     _TESTS = [{
+        # entire series episodes + extras...
         'url': 'https://www.raiplay.it/programmi/nondirloalmiocapo/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'nondirloalmiocapo',
             'title': 'Non dirlo al mio capo',
             'description': 'md5:98ab6b98f7f44c2843fd7d6f045f153b',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 12,
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
     }, {
+        # single season
         'url': 'https://www.raiplay.it/programmi/nondirloalmiocapo/episodi/stagione-2/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'nondirloalmiocapo',
             'title': 'Non dirlo al mio capo - Stagione 2',
             'description': 'md5:98ab6b98f7f44c2843fd7d6f045f153b',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 12,
+        'playlist_count': 12,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         base, playlist_id, extra_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
 
         program = self._download_json(
-            base + '.json', playlist_id, 'Downloading program JSON')
+            f'{base}.json', playlist_id, 'Downloading program JSON')
 
         if extra_id:
             extra_id = extra_id.upper().rstrip('/')
@@ -450,7 +442,7 @@ class RaiPlaySoundIE(RaiBaseIE):
             'title': 'Il Ruggito del Coniglio del 10/12/2021',
             'alt_title': 'md5:0e6476cd57858bb0f3fcc835d305b455',
             'description': 'md5:2a17d2107e59a4a8faa0e18334139ee2',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg$',
             'uploader': 'rai radio 2',
             'duration': 5685,
             'series': 'Il Ruggito del Coniglio',
@@ -459,9 +451,7 @@ class RaiPlaySoundIE(RaiBaseIE):
             'timestamp': 1638346620,
             'upload_date': '20211201',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -480,9 +470,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                                          lambda x: x['live']['create_date']))
 
         podcast_info = traverse_obj(media, 'podcast_info', ('live', 'cards', 0)) or {}
-        thumbnails = [{
-            'url': urljoin(url, thumb_url),
-        } for thumb_url in (podcast_info.get('images') or {}).values() if thumb_url]
 
         return {
             **info,
@@ -494,7 +481,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'uploader': traverse_obj(media, ('track_info', 'channel'), expected_type=strip_or_none),
             'creator': traverse_obj(media, ('track_info', 'editor'), expected_type=strip_or_none),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(date_published),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+            'thumbnails': self._get_thumbnails_list(podcast_info.get('images'), url),
             'series': podcast_info.get('title'),
             'season_number': int_or_none(media.get('season')),
             'episode': media.get('episode_title'),
@@ -512,30 +499,30 @@ class RaiPlaySoundLiveIE(RaiPlaySoundIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete
             'display_id': 'radio2',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': r're:Rai Radio 2 \d+-\d+-\d+ \d+:\d+',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://www.raiplaysound.it/dl/img/.+?png',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www\.raiplaysound\.it/dl/img/.+\.png',
             'uploader': 'rai radio 2',
             'series': 'Rai Radio 2',
             'creator': 'raiplaysound',
             'is_live': True,
             'live_status': 'is_live',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': 'live',
-        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }]
 
 
 class RaiPlaySoundPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base>https?://(?:www\.)?raiplaysound\.it/(?:programmi|playlist|audiolibri)/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))(?:/(?P<extra_id>[^?#&]+))?'
     _TESTS = [{
+        # entire show
         'url': 'https://www.raiplaysound.it/programmi/ilruggitodelconiglio',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'ilruggitodelconiglio',
             'title': 'Il Ruggito del Coniglio',
-            'description': 'md5:1bbaf631245a7ab1ec4d9fbb3c7aa8f3',
+            'description': 'md5:48cff6972435964284614d70474132e6',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 65,
     }, {
+        # single season
         'url': 'https://www.raiplaysound.it/programmi/ilruggitodelconiglio/puntate/prima-stagione-1995',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'ilruggitodelconiglio_puntate_prima-stagione-1995',
@@ -568,22 +555,19 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 class RaiIE(RaiBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = rf'https?://[^/]+\.(?:rai\.(?:it|tv))/.+?-(?P<id>{RaiBaseIE._UUID_RE})(?:-.+?)?\.html'
     _TESTS = [{
-        # var uniquename = "ContentItem-..."
-        # data-id="ContentItem-..."
         'url': 'https://www.raisport.rai.it/dl/raiSport/media/rassegna-stampa-04a9f4bd-b563-40cf-82a6-aad3529cb4a9.html',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '04a9f4bd-b563-40cf-82a6-aad3529cb4a9',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'TG PRIMO TEMPO',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'duration': 1758,
             'upload_date': '20140612',
         },
-        'skip': 'This content is available only in Italy',
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Video not available. Likely due to geo-restriction.']
     }, {
-        # with ContentItem in og:url
         'url': 'https://www.rai.it/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem-efb17665-691c-45d5-a60c-5301333cbb0c.html',
-        'md5': '06345bd97c932f19ffb129973d07a020',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'efb17665-691c-45d5-a60c-5301333cbb0c',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -592,123 +576,51 @@ class RaiIE(RaiBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
             'duration': 2214,
             'upload_date': '20161103'
-        }
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }, {
-        # Direct MMS URL
+        # Direct MMS: Media URL no longer works.
         'url': 'http://www.rai.it/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem-b63a4089-ac28-48cf-bca5-9f5b5bc46df5.html',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    def _extract_from_content_id(self, content_id, url):
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        content_id = self._match_id(url)
         media = self._download_json(
             f'https://www.rai.tv/dl/RaiTV/programmi/media/ContentItem-{content_id}.html?json',
-            content_id, 'Downloading video JSON')
+            content_id, 'Downloading video JSON', fatal=False, expected_status=404)
 
-        title = media['name'].strip()
+        if media is None:
+            return None
 
-        media_type = media['type']
-        if 'Audio' in media_type:
+        if 'Audio' in media['type']:
             relinker_info = {
                 'formats': [{
-                    'format_id': media.get('formatoAudio'),
+                    'format_id': join_nonempty('https', media.get('formatoAudio'), delim='-'),
                     'url': media['audioUrl'],
                     'ext': media.get('formatoAudio'),
+                    'vcodec': 'none',
+                    'acodec': media.get('formatoAudio'),
                 }]
             }
-        elif 'Video' in media_type:
+        elif 'Video' in media['type']:
             relinker_info = self._extract_relinker_info(media['mediaUri'], content_id)
         else:
             raise ExtractorError('not a media file')
 
-        thumbnails = []
-        for image_type in ('image', 'image_medium', 'image_300'):
-            thumbnail_url = media.get(image_type)
-            if thumbnail_url:
-                thumbnails.append({
-                    'url': compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, thumbnail_url),
-                })
-
-        subtitles = self._extract_subtitles(url, media)
+        thumbnails = self._get_thumbnails_list(
+            {image_type: media.get(image_type) for image_type in (
+                'image', 'image_medium', 'image_300')}, url)
 
         return {
             'id': content_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': strip_or_none(media.get('desc') or None),
+            'title': strip_or_none(media.get('name') or media.get('title')),
+            'description': strip_or_none(media.get('desc')) or None,
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'uploader': strip_or_none(media.get('author') or None),
+            'uploader': strip_or_none(media.get('author')) or None,
             'upload_date': unified_strdate(media.get('date')),
             'duration': parse_duration(media.get('length')),
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            **relinker_info
-        }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-
-        content_item_id = None
-
-        content_item_url = self._html_search_meta(
-            ('og:url', 'og:video', 'og:video:secure_url', 'twitter:url',
-             'twitter:player', 'jsonlink'), webpage, default=None)
-        if content_item_url:
-            content_item_id = self._search_regex(
-                rf'ContentItem-({self._UUID_RE})', content_item_url,
-                'content item id', default=None)
-
-        if not content_item_id:
-            content_item_id = self._search_regex(
-                rf'''(?x)
-                    (?:
-                        (?:initEdizione|drawMediaRaiTV)\(|
-                        <(?:[^>]+\bdata-id|var\s+uniquename)=|
-                        <iframe[^>]+\bsrc=
-                    )
-                    (["\'])
-                    (?:(?!\1).)*\bContentItem-(?P<id>{self._UUID_RE})
-                ''',
-                webpage, 'content item id', default=None, group='id')
-
-        content_item_ids = set()
-        if content_item_id:
-            content_item_ids.add(content_item_id)
-        if video_id not in content_item_ids:
-            content_item_ids.add(video_id)
-
-        for content_item_id in content_item_ids:
-            try:
-                return self._extract_from_content_id(content_item_id, url)
-            except GeoRestrictedError:
-                raise
-            except ExtractorError:
-                pass
-
-        relinker_url = self._proto_relative_url(self._search_regex(
-            r'''(?x)
-                (?:
-                    var\s+videoURL|
-                    mediaInfo\.mediaUri
-                )\s*=\s*
-                ([\'"])
-                (?P<url>
-                    (?:https?:)?
-                    //mediapolis(?:vod)?\.rai\.it/relinker/relinkerServlet\.htm\?
-                    (?:(?!\1).)*\bcont=(?:(?!\1).)+)\1
-            ''',
-            webpage, 'relinker URL', group='url'))
-
-        relinker_info = self._extract_relinker_info(
-            urljoin(url, relinker_url), video_id)
-
-        title = self._search_regex(
-            r'var\s+videoTitolo\s*=\s*([\'"])(?P<title>[^\'"]+)\1',
-            webpage, 'title', group='title',
-            default=None) or self._og_search_title(webpage)
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'subtitles': self._extract_subtitles(url, media),
             **relinker_info
         }
 
@@ -726,7 +638,8 @@ class RaiNewsIE(RaiIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'duration': 1589,
             'upload_date': '20220529',
             'uploader': 'rainews',
-        }
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }, {
         # old content with fallback method to extract media urls
         'url': 'https://www.rainews.it/dl/rainews/media/Weekend-al-cinema-da-Hollywood-arriva-il-thriller-di-Tate-Taylor-La-ragazza-del-treno-1632c009-c843-4836-bb65-80c33084a64b.html',
@@ -739,12 +652,14 @@ class RaiNewsIE(RaiIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'duration': 833,
             'upload_date': '20161103'
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'expected_warnings': ['unable to extract player_data'],
     }, {
         # iframe + drm
         'url': 'https://www.rainews.it/iframe/video/2022/07/euro2022-europei-calcio-femminile-italia-belgio-gol-0-1-video-4de06a69-de75-4e32-a657-02f0885f8118.html',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
+    _PLAYER_TAG = 'news'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -752,8 +667,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         player_data = self._search_json(
-            r'<rainews-player\s*data=\'', webpage, 'player_data', video_id,
-            transform_source=clean_html, fatal=False)
+            rf'<rai{self._PLAYER_TAG}-player\s*data=\'', webpage, 'player_data', video_id,
+            transform_source=clean_html, default={})
         track_info = player_data.get('track_info')
         relinker_url = traverse_obj(player_data, 'mediapolis', 'content_url')
 
@@ -770,16 +685,36 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': track_info.get('title') or self._og_search_title(webpage),
+            'title': player_data.get('title') or track_info.get('title') or self._og_search_title(webpage),
             'upload_date': unified_strdate(track_info.get('date')),
             'uploader': strip_or_none(track_info.get('editor') or None),
             **relinker_info
         }
 
 
-class RaiSudtirolIE(RaiBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://raisudtirol\.rai\.it/.+?media=(?P<id>[TP]tv\d+)'
+class RaiCulturaIE(RaiNewsIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(www\.)?raicultura\.it/(?!articoli)[^?#]+-(?P<id>{RaiBaseIE._UUID_RE})(?:-[^/?#]+)?\.html'
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+data-src="(?P<url>/iframe/[^?#]+?{RaiBaseIE._UUID_RE}\.html)']
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.raicultura.it/letteratura/articoli/2018/12/Alberto-Asor-Rosa-Letteratura-e-potere-05ba8775-82b5-45c5-a89d-dd955fbde1fb.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '05ba8775-82b5-45c5-a89d-dd955fbde1fb',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Alberto Asor Rosa: Letteratura e potere',
+            'duration': 1756,
+            'upload_date': '20181206',
+            'uploader': 'raicultura',
+            'formats': 'count:2',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }]
+    _PLAYER_TAG = 'cultura'
+
+
+class RaiSudtirolIE(RaiBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://raisudtirol\.rai\.it/.+media=(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # mp4 file
         'url': 'https://raisudtirol.rai.it/la/index.php?media=Ptv1619729460',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'Ptv1619729460',
@@ -787,34 +722,62 @@ class RaiSudtirolIE(RaiBaseIE):
             'title': 'Euro: trasmisciun d\'economia - 29-04-2021 20:51',
             'series': 'Euro: trasmisciun d\'economia',
             'upload_date': '20210429',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://raisudtirol\.rai\.it/img/.+?\.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://raisudtirol\.rai\.it/img/.+\.jpg',
             'uploader': 'raisudtirol',
-        }
+            'formats': 'count:1',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        # m3u manifest
+        'url': 'https://raisudtirol.rai.it/it/kidsplayer.php?lang=it&media=GUGGUG_P1.smil',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'GUGGUG_P1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'GUGGUG! La Prospettiva - Die Perspektive',
+            'uploader': 'raisudtirol',
+            'formats': 'count:6',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        video_date = self._html_search_regex(r'<span class="med_data">(.+?)</span>', webpage, 'video_date', fatal=False)
-        video_title = self._html_search_regex(r'<span class="med_title">(.+?)</span>', webpage, 'video_title', fatal=False)
-        video_url = self._html_search_regex(r'sources:\s*\[\{file:\s*"(.+?)"\}\]', webpage, 'video_url')
-        video_thumb = self._html_search_regex(r'image: \'(.+?)\'', webpage, 'video_thumb', fatal=False)
+        video_date = self._html_search_regex(
+            r'<span class="med_data">(.+?)</span>', webpage, 'video_date', default=None)
+        video_title = self._html_search_regex([
+            r'<span class="med_title">(.+?)</span>', r'title: \'(.+?)\','],
+            webpage, 'video_title', default=None)
+        video_url = self._html_search_regex([
+            r'sources:\s*\[\{file:\s*"(.+?)"\}\]',
+            r'<source\s+src="(.+?)"\s+type="application/x-mpegURL"'],
+            webpage, 'video_url', default=None)
 
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': join_nonempty(video_title, video_date, delim=' - '),
-            'series': video_title,
-            'upload_date': unified_strdate(video_date),
-            'thumbnail': urljoin('https://raisudtirol.rai.it/', video_thumb),
-            'uploader': 'raisudtirol',
-            'formats': [{
+        ext = determine_ext(video_url)
+        if ext == 'm3u8':
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(video_url, video_id)
+        elif ext == 'mp4':
+            formats = [{
                 'format_id': 'https-mp4',
                 'url': self._proto_relative_url(video_url),
                 'width': 1024,
                 'height': 576,
                 'fps': 25,
-                'vcodec': 'h264',
-                'acodec': 'aac',
-            }],
+                'vcodec': 'avc1',
+                'acodec': 'mp4a',
+            }]
+        else:
+            formats = []
+            self.raise_no_formats(f'Unrecognized media file: {video_url}')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': join_nonempty(video_title, video_date, delim=' - '),
+            'series': video_title if video_date else None,
+            'upload_date': unified_strdate(video_date),
+            'thumbnail': urljoin('https://raisudtirol.rai.it/', self._html_search_regex(
+                r'image: \'(.+?)\'', webpage, 'video_thumb', default=None)),
+            'uploader': 'raisudtirol',
+            'formats': formats,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rbgtum.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rbgtum.py
index 47649cfc5..c8a331f3e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rbgtum.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rbgtum.py
@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import parse_qs, remove_start, traverse_obj, ExtractorError
 
 
 class RbgTumIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https://live\.rbg\.tum\.de/w/(?P<id>.+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://(?:live\.rbg\.tum\.de|tum\.live)/w/(?P<id>[^?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         # Combined view
         'url': 'https://live.rbg.tum.de/w/cpp/22128',
@@ -35,16 +36,18 @@ class RbgTumIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Fachschaftsvollversammlung',
             'series': 'Fachschaftsvollversammlung Informatik',
         }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tum.live/w/linalginfo/27102',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }, ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        m3u8 = self._html_search_regex(r'(https://.+?\.m3u8)', webpage, 'm3u8')
-        lecture_title = self._html_search_regex(r'(?si)<h1.*?>(.*)</h1>', webpage, 'title')
-        lecture_series_title = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'(?s)<title\b[^>]*>\s*(?:TUM-Live\s\|\s?)?([^:]+):?.*?</title>', webpage, 'series')
+        m3u8 = self._html_search_regex(r'"(https://[^"]+\.m3u8[^"]*)', webpage, 'm3u8')
+        lecture_title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1[^>]*>([^<]+)</h1>', webpage, 'title', fatal=False)
+        lecture_series_title = remove_start(self._html_extract_title(webpage), 'TUM-Live | ')
 
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls')
 
@@ -57,9 +60,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class RbgTumCourseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https://live\.rbg\.tum\.de/course/(?P<id>.+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://(?P<hostname>(?:live\.rbg\.tum\.de|tum\.live))/old/course/(?P<id>(?P<year>\d+)/(?P<term>\w+)/(?P<slug>[^/?#]+))'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://live.rbg.tum.de/course/2022/S/fpv',
+        'url': 'https://live.rbg.tum.de/old/course/2022/S/fpv',
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'Funktionale Programmierung und Verifikation (IN0003)',
             'id': '2022/S/fpv',
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ class RbgTumCourseIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_count': 13,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://live.rbg.tum.de/course/2022/W/set',
+        'url': 'https://live.rbg.tum.de/old/course/2022/W/set',
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'SET FSMPIC',
             'id': '2022/W/set',
@@ -78,16 +81,62 @@ class RbgTumCourseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'noplaylist': False,
         },
         'playlist_count': 6,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tum.live/old/course/2023/S/linalginfo',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }, ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        course_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, course_id)
+        course_id, hostname, year, term, slug = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'hostname', 'year', 'term', 'slug')
+        meta = self._download_json(
+            f'https://{hostname}/api/courses/{slug}/', course_id, fatal=False,
+            query={'year': year, 'term': term}) or {}
+        lecture_series_title = meta.get('Name')
+        lectures = [self.url_result(f'https://{hostname}/w/{slug}/{stream_id}', RbgTumIE)
+                    for stream_id in traverse_obj(meta, ('Streams', ..., 'ID'))]
 
-        lecture_series_title = self._html_search_regex(r'(?si)<h1.*?>(.*)</h1>', webpage, 'title')
+        if not lectures:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, course_id)
+            lecture_series_title = remove_start(self._html_extract_title(webpage), 'TUM-Live | ')
+            lectures = [self.url_result(f'https://{hostname}{lecture_path}', RbgTumIE)
+                        for lecture_path in re.findall(r'href="(/w/[^/"]+/[^/"]+)"', webpage)]
 
-        lecture_urls = []
-        for lecture_url in re.findall(r'(?i)href="/w/(.+)(?<!/cam)(?<!/pres)(?<!/chat)"', webpage):
-            lecture_urls.append(self.url_result('https://live.rbg.tum.de/w/' + lecture_url, ie=RbgTumIE.ie_key()))
+        return self.playlist_result(lectures, course_id, lecture_series_title)
 
-        return self.playlist_result(lecture_urls, course_id, lecture_series_title)
+
+class RbgTumNewCourseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://(?P<hostname>(?:live\.rbg\.tum\.de|tum\.live))/\?'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://live.rbg.tum.de/?year=2022&term=S&slug=fpv&view=3',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Funktionale Programmierung und Verifikation (IN0003)',
+            'id': '2022/S/fpv',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'noplaylist': False,
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 13,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://live.rbg.tum.de/?year=2022&term=W&slug=set&view=3',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'SET FSMPIC',
+            'id': '2022/W/set',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'noplaylist': False,
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 6,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tum.live/?year=2023&term=S&slug=linalginfo&view=3',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        query = parse_qs(url)
+        errors = [key for key in ('year', 'term', 'slug') if not query.get(key)]
+        if errors:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Input URL is missing query parameters: {", ".join(errors)}')
+        year, term, slug = query['year'][0], query['term'][0], query['slug'][0]
+        hostname = self._match_valid_url(url).group('hostname')
+
+        return self.url_result(f'https://{hostname}/old/course/{year}/{term}/{slug}', RbgTumCourseIE)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rcs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rcs.py
index 2440858ca..b865f63fb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rcs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rcs.py
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    HEADRequest,
     base_url,
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
@@ -239,10 +239,10 @@ class RCSEmbedsIE(RCSBaseIE):
         }
     }, {
         'url': 'https://video.gazzanet.gazzetta.it/video-embed/gazzanet-mo05-0000260789',
-        'match_only': True
+        'only_matching': True
     }, {
         'url': 'https://video.gazzetta.it/video-embed/49612410-00ca-11eb-bcd8-30d4253e0140',
-        'match_only': True
+        'only_matching': True
     }]
     _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.iodonna.it/video-iodonna/personaggi-video/monica-bellucci-piu-del-lavoro-oggi-per-me-sono-importanti-lamicizia-e-la-famiglia/',
@@ -325,7 +325,7 @@ class RCSIE(RCSBaseIE):
         }
     }, {
         'url': 'https://video.corriere.it/video-360/metro-copenaghen-tutta-italiana/a248a7f0-e2db-11e9-9830-af2de6b1f945',
-        'match_only': True
+        'only_matching': True
     }]
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rcti.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rcti.py
index 27b4ad7bb..79d9c8e31 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rcti.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rcti.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import time
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     dict_get,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         try:
             formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(video_url, display_id, 'mp4', headers={'Referer': 'https://www.rctiplus.com/'})
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                 self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['ID'], metadata_available=True)
             else:
                 raise e
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/recurbate.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/recurbate.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d7294cb14
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/recurbate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, merge_dicts
+
+
+class RecurbateIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?recurbate\.com/play\.php\?video=(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://recurbate.com/play.php?video=39161415',
+        'md5': 'dd2b4ec57aa3e3572cb5cf0997fca99f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '39161415',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'md5:db48d09e4d93fc715f47fd3d6b7edd51',
+            'title': 'Performer zsnicole33 show on 2022-10-25 20:23, Chaturbate Archive – Recurbate',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+        },
+        'skip': 'Website require membership.',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        SUBSCRIPTION_MISSING_MESSAGE = 'This video is only available for registered users; Set your authenticated browser user agent via the --user-agent parameter.'
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        try:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                self.raise_login_required(msg=SUBSCRIPTION_MISSING_MESSAGE, method='cookies')
+            raise
+        token = self._html_search_regex(r'data-token="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'token')
+        video_url = f'https://recurbate.com/api/get.php?video={video_id}&token={token}'
+
+        video_webpage = self._download_webpage(video_url, video_id)
+        if video_webpage == 'shall_subscribe':
+            self.raise_login_required(msg=SUBSCRIPTION_MISSING_MESSAGE, method='cookies')
+        entries = self._parse_html5_media_entries(video_url, video_webpage, video_id)
+        return merge_dicts({
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage, 'title'),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'age_limit': self._rta_search(webpage),
+        }, entries[0])
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/redbulltv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/redbulltv.py
index a01bc8434..d1de2490f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/redbulltv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/redbulltv.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     float_or_none,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ def extract_info(self, video_id):
                 headers={'Authorization': token}
             )
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 404:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404:
                 error_message = self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)['error']
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)['error']
                 raise ExtractorError('%s said: %s' % (
                     self.IE_NAME, error_message), expected=True)
             raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
index 9dba3eca8..62f669f35 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import random
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -9,12 +8,14 @@
     traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
+    urlencode_postdata,
     url_or_none,
 )
 
 
 class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<subdomain>[^/]+\.)?reddit(?:media)?\.com/(?P<slug>(?:r|user)/[^/]+/comments/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'reddit'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<host>(?:\w+\.)?reddit(?:media)?\.com)/(?P<slug>(?:(?:r|user)/[^/]+/)?comments/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/6rrwyj/that_small_heart_attack/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -109,6 +110,46 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'age_limit': 0,
             'channel_id': 'dumbfuckers_club',
         },
+    }, {
+        # post link without subreddit
+        'url': 'https://www.reddit.com/comments/124pp33',
+        'md5': '15eec9d828adcef4468b741a7e45a395',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'antsenjc2jqa1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '124pp33',
+            'title': 'Harmless prank of some old friends',
+            'uploader': 'Dudezila',
+            'channel_id': 'ContagiousLaughter',
+            'duration': 17,
+            'upload_date': '20230328',
+            'timestamp': 1680012043,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # quarantined subreddit post
+        'url': 'https://old.reddit.com/r/GenZedong/comments/12fujy3/based_hasan/',
+        'md5': '3156ea69e3c1f1b6259683c5abd36e71',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '8bwtclfggpsa1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '12fujy3',
+            'title': 'Based Hasan?',
+            'uploader': 'KingNigelXLII',
+            'channel_id': 'GenZedong',
+            'duration': 16,
+            'upload_date': '20230408',
+            'timestamp': 1680979138,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+        'skip': 'Requires account that has opted-in to the GenZedong subreddit',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/6rrwyj',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -137,21 +178,45 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _gen_session_id():
-        id_length = 16
-        rand_max = 1 << (id_length * 4)
-        return '%0.*x' % (id_length, random.randrange(rand_max))
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        captcha = self._download_json(
+            'https://www.reddit.com/api/requires_captcha/login.json', None,
+            'Checking login requirement')['required']
+        if captcha:
+            raise ExtractorError('Reddit is requiring captcha before login', expected=True)
+        login = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.reddit.com/api/login/{username}', None, data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'op': 'login-main',
+                'user': username,
+                'passwd': password,
+                'api_type': 'json',
+            }), note='Logging in', errnote='Login request failed')
+        errors = '; '.join(traverse_obj(login, ('json', 'errors', ..., 1)))
+        if errors:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unable to login, Reddit API says {errors}', expected=True)
+        elif not traverse_obj(login, ('json', 'data', 'cookie', {str})):
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to login, no cookie was returned')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        subdomain, slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('subdomain', 'slug', 'id')
+        host, slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('host', 'slug', 'id')
 
-        self._set_cookie('.reddit.com', 'reddit_session', self._gen_session_id())
-        self._set_cookie('.reddit.com', '_options', '%7B%22pref_quarantine_optin%22%3A%20true%7D')
-        data = self._download_json(f'https://{subdomain}reddit.com/{slug}/.json', video_id, fatal=False)
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://{host}/{slug}/.json', video_id, fatal=False, expected_status=403)
         if not data:
-            # Fall back to old.reddit.com in case the requested subdomain fails
-            data = self._download_json(f'https://old.reddit.com/{slug}/.json', video_id)
+            fallback_host = 'old.reddit.com' if host != 'old.reddit.com' else 'www.reddit.com'
+            self.to_screen(f'{host} request failed, retrying with {fallback_host}')
+            data = self._download_json(
+                f'https://{fallback_host}/{slug}/.json', video_id, expected_status=403)
+
+        if traverse_obj(data, 'error') == 403:
+            reason = data.get('reason')
+            if reason == 'quarantined':
+                self.raise_login_required('Quarantined subreddit; an account that has opted in is required')
+            elif reason == 'private':
+                self.raise_login_required('Private subreddit; an account that has been approved is required')
+            else:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'HTTP Error 403 Forbidden; reason given: {reason}')
+
         data = data[0]['data']['children'][0]['data']
         video_url = data['url']
 
@@ -175,6 +240,7 @@ def add_thumbnail(src):
                 'url': unescapeHTML(thumbnail_url),
                 'width': int_or_none(src.get('width')),
                 'height': int_or_none(src.get('height')),
+                'http_headers': {'Accept': '*/*'},
             })
 
         for image in try_get(data, lambda x: x['preview']['images']) or []:
@@ -253,16 +319,20 @@ def add_thumbnail(src):
                 'format_id': 'fallback',
                 'format_note': 'DASH video, mp4_dash',
             }]
-            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                hls_playlist_url, display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                dash_playlist_url, display_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
+            hls_fmts, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                hls_playlist_url, display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(hls_fmts)
+            dash_fmts, dash_subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                dash_playlist_url, display_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(dash_fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(dash_subs, target=subtitles)
 
             return {
                 **info,
                 'id': video_id,
                 'display_id': display_id,
                 'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
                 'duration': int_or_none(reddit_video.get('duration')),
             }
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
index 098fb8185..f9453202b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import functools
-import urllib
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_parse_qs
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def _call_api(self, ep, video_id, *args, **kwargs):
                     f'https://api.redgifs.com/v2/{ep}', video_id, headers=headers, *args, **kwargs)
                 break
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if first_attempt and isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+                if first_attempt and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                     del self._API_HEADERS['authorization']  # refresh the token
                     continue
                 raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/regiotv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/regiotv.py
index 6114841fb..edb6ae5bc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/regiotv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/regiotv.py
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-
-from ..utils import (
-    sanitized_Request,
-    xpath_text,
-    xpath_with_ns,
-)
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..utils import xpath_text, xpath_with_ns
 
 
 class RegioTVIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -33,7 +29,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         SOAP_TEMPLATE = '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><soap:Body><{0} xmlns="http://v.telvi.de/"><key xsi:type="xsd:string">{1}</key></{0}></soap:Body></soap:Envelope>'
 
-        request = sanitized_Request(
+        request = Request(
             'http://v.telvi.de/',
             SOAP_TEMPLATE.format('GetHTML5VideoData', key).encode('utf-8'))
         video_data = self._download_xml(request, video_id, 'Downloading video XML')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rheinmaintv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rheinmaintv.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c3b352ded
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rheinmaintv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import extract_attributes, merge_dicts, remove_end
+
+
+class RheinMainTVIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rheinmaintv\.de/sendungen/(?:[\w-]+/)*(?P<video_id>(?P<display_id>[\w-]+)/vom-\d{2}\.\d{2}\.\d{4}(?:/\d+)?)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.rheinmaintv.de/sendungen/beitrag-video/auf-dem-weg-zur-deutschen-meisterschaft/vom-07.11.2022/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'auf-dem-weg-zur-deutschen-meisterschaft-vom-07.11.2022',
+            'ext': 'ismv',  # ismv+isma will be merged into mp4
+            'alt_title': 'Auf dem Weg zur Deutschen Meisterschaft',
+            'title': 'Auf dem Weg zur Deutschen Meisterschaft',
+            'upload_date': '20221108',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'display_id': 'auf-dem-weg-zur-deutschen-meisterschaft',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:48c59b74192bc819a9b34af1d5ed1eb9',
+            'timestamp': 1667933057,
+            'duration': 243.0,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'ism'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rheinmaintv.de/sendungen/beitrag-video/formationsgemeinschaft-rhein-main-bei-den-deutschen-meisterschaften/vom-14.11.2022/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'formationsgemeinschaft-rhein-main-bei-den-deutschen-meisterschaften-vom-14.11.2022',
+            'ext': 'ismv',
+            'title': 'Formationsgemeinschaft Rhein-Main bei den Deutschen Meisterschaften',
+            'timestamp': 1668526214,
+            'display_id': 'formationsgemeinschaft-rhein-main-bei-den-deutschen-meisterschaften',
+            'alt_title': 'Formationsgemeinschaft Rhein-Main bei den Deutschen Meisterschaften',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'duration': 345.0,
+            'description': 'md5:9370ba29526984006c2cba1372e5c5a0',
+            'upload_date': '20221115',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'ism'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rheinmaintv.de/sendungen/beitrag-video/casino-mainz-bei-den-deutschen-meisterschaften/vom-14.11.2022/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'casino-mainz-bei-den-deutschen-meisterschaften-vom-14.11.2022',
+            'ext': 'ismv',
+            'title': 'Casino Mainz bei den Deutschen Meisterschaften',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1668527402,
+            'alt_title': 'Casino Mainz bei den Deutschen Meisterschaften',
+            'upload_date': '20221115',
+            'display_id': 'casino-mainz-bei-den-deutschen-meisterschaften',
+            'duration': 348.0,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:70fc1660eeba96da17199e5bdff4c0aa',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'ism'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rheinmaintv.de/sendungen/beitrag-video/bricks4kids/vom-22.06.2022/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
+        display_id = mobj.group('display_id')
+        video_id = mobj.group('video_id').replace('/', '-')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        source, img = self._search_regex(r'(?s)(?P<source><source[^>]*>)(?P<img><img[^>]*>)',
+                                         webpage, 'video', group=('source', 'img'))
+        source = extract_attributes(source)
+        img = extract_attributes(img)
+
+        raw_json_ld = list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, video_id))
+        json_ld = self._json_ld(raw_json_ld, video_id)
+        json_ld.pop('url', None)
+
+        ism_manifest_url = (
+            source.get('src')
+            or next(json_ld.get('embedUrl') for json_ld in raw_json_ld if json_ld.get('@type') == 'VideoObject')
+        )
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(ism_manifest_url, video_id)
+
+        return merge_dicts({
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'title':
+                self._html_search_regex(r'<h1><span class="title">([^<]*)</span>',
+                                        webpage, 'headline', default=None)
+                or img.get('title') or json_ld.get('title') or self._og_search_title(webpage)
+                or remove_end(self._html_extract_title(webpage), ' -'),
+            'alt_title': img.get('alt'),
+            'description': json_ld.get('description') or self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'thumbnails': [{'url': img['src']}] if 'src' in img else json_ld.get('thumbnails'),
+        }, json_ld)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rokfin.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rokfin.py
index 0e40eb32a..cad76f0c9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rokfin.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rokfin.py
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ class RokfinIE(InfoExtractor):
             'channel': 'Jimmy Dore',
             'channel_id': 65429,
             'channel_url': 'https://rokfin.com/TheJimmyDoreShow',
-            'duration': 213.0,
             'availability': 'public',
             'live_status': 'not_live',
             'dislike_count': int,
@@ -245,7 +244,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             f'{self._AUTH_BASE}/token', None,
             note='getting access credentials', errnote='error getting access credentials',
             data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'code': urllib.parse.parse_qs(urllib.parse.urldefrag(urlh.geturl()).fragment).get('code')[0],
+                'code': urllib.parse.parse_qs(urllib.parse.urldefrag(urlh.url).fragment).get('code')[0],
                 'client_id': 'web',
                 'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
                 'redirect_uri': 'https://rokfin.com/silent-check-sso.html'
@@ -269,7 +268,7 @@ def _download_json_using_access_token(self, url_or_request, video_id, headers={}
 
         json_string, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
             url_or_request, video_id, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=401)
-        if not auth_token or urlh.code != 401 or refresh_token is None:
+        if not auth_token or urlh.status != 401 or refresh_token is None:
             return self._parse_json(json_string, video_id)
 
         self._access_mgmt_tokens = self._download_json(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/roosterteeth.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/roosterteeth.py
index 776fbfbc0..94e673b13 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/roosterteeth.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/roosterteeth.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                 }))
         except ExtractorError as e:
             msg = 'Unable to login'
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                resp = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), None, fatal=False)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                resp = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), None, fatal=False)
                 if resp:
                     error = resp.get('extra_info') or resp.get('error_description') or resp.get('error')
                     if error:
@@ -138,8 +138,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             m3u8_url = video_data['attributes']['url']
             # XXX: additional URL at video_data['links']['download']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
-                if self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), display_id).get('access') is False:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                if self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), display_id).get('access') is False:
                     self.raise_login_required(
                         '%s is only available for FIRST members' % display_id)
             raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rottentomatoes.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rottentomatoes.py
index f133c851b..e35717522 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rottentomatoes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rottentomatoes.py
@@ -1,30 +1,80 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .internetvideoarchive import InternetVideoArchiveIE
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    float_or_none,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    join_nonempty,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
 
 
 class RottenTomatoesIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rottentomatoes\.com/m/[^/]+/trailers/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rottentomatoes\.com/m/(?P<playlist>[^/]+)(?:/(?P<tr>trailers)(?:/(?P<id>\w+))?)?'
 
-    _TEST = {
+    _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/toy_story_3/trailers/11028566/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '11028566',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Toy Story 3',
-            'description': 'From the creators of the beloved TOY STORY films, comes a story that will reunite the gang in a whole new way.',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'From the creators of the beloved TOY STORY films, comes a story that will reunite the gang in a whole new way.'
         },
-    }
+        'skip': 'No longer available',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/toy_story_3/trailers/VycaVoBKhGuk',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'VycaVoBKhGuk',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Toy Story 3: Trailer 2',
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 149.941
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/toy_story_3',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'toy_story_3',
+            'title': 'Toy Story 3',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 4,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/toy_story_3/trailers',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'toy_story_3-trailers',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_videos(self, data, display_id):
+        for video in traverse_obj(data, (lambda _, v: v['publicId'] and v['file'] and v['type'] == 'hls')):
+            yield {
+                'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                    video['file'], display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False),
+                **traverse_obj(video, {
+                    'id': 'publicId',
+                    'title': 'title',
+                    'description': 'description',
+                    'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {float_or_none}),
+                    'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                }),
+            }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        iva_id = self._search_regex(r'publishedid=(\d+)', webpage, 'internet video archive id')
+        playlist_id, trailers, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('playlist', 'tr', 'id')
+        playlist_id = join_nonempty(playlist_id, trailers)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+        data = self._search_json(
+            r'<script[^>]+\bid=["\'](?:heroV|v)ideos["\'][^>]*>', webpage,
+            'data', playlist_id, contains_pattern=r'\[{(?s:.+)}\]')
 
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'url': 'http://video.internetvideoarchive.net/player/6/configuration.ashx?domain=www.videodetective.com&customerid=69249&playerid=641&publishedid=' + iva_id,
-            'ie_key': InternetVideoArchiveIE.ie_key(),
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._og_search_title(webpage),
-        }
+        if video_id:
+            video_data = traverse_obj(data, lambda _, v: v['publicId'] == video_id)
+            if not video_data:
+                raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract video from webpage')
+            return next(self._extract_videos(video_data, video_id))
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._extract_videos(data, playlist_id), playlist_id,
+            clean_html(get_element_by_class('scoreboard__title', webpage)))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rozhlas.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rozhlas.py
index 08ebb93e3..63134322d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rozhlas.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rozhlas.py
@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
+import itertools
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import extract_attributes, int_or_none, remove_start, traverse_obj
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    extract_attributes,
+    int_or_none,
+    remove_start,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+)
 
 
 class RozhlasIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -44,13 +56,46 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class RozhlasVltavaIE(InfoExtractor):
+class RozhlasBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _extract_formats(self, entry, audio_id):
+        formats = []
+        for audio in traverse_obj(entry, ('audioLinks', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+            ext = audio.get('variant')
+            for retry in self.RetryManager():
+                if retry.attempt > 1:
+                    self._sleep(1, audio_id)
+                try:
+                    if ext == 'dash':
+                        formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                            audio['url'], audio_id, mpd_id=ext))
+                    elif ext == 'hls':
+                        formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                            audio['url'], audio_id, 'm4a', m3u8_id=ext))
+                    else:
+                        formats.append({
+                            'url': audio['url'],
+                            'ext': ext,
+                            'format_id': ext,
+                            'abr': int_or_none(audio.get('bitrate')),
+                            'acodec': ext,
+                            'vcodec': 'none',
+                        })
+                except ExtractorError as e:
+                    if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 429:
+                        retry.error = e.cause
+                    else:
+                        self.report_warning(e.msg)
+
+        return formats
+
+
+class RozhlasVltavaIE(RozhlasBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.rozhlas|english\.radio)\.cz/[\w-]+-(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://wave.rozhlas.cz/papej-masicko-porcujeme-a-bilancujeme-filmy-a-serialy-ktere-letos-zabily-8891337',
         'md5': 'ba2fdbc1242fc16771c7695d271ec355',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 8891337,
+            'id': '8891337',
             'title': 'md5:21f99739d04ab49d8c189ec711eef4ec',
         },
         'playlist_count': 1,
@@ -69,7 +114,7 @@ class RozhlasVltavaIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://wave.rozhlas.cz/poslechnete-si-neklid-podcastovy-thriller-o-vine-strachu-a-vztahu-ktery-zasel-8554744',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 8554744,
+            'id': '8554744',
             'title': 'Poslechněte si Neklid. Podcastový thriller o vině, strachu a vztahu, který zašel příliš daleko',
         },
         'playlist_count': 5,
@@ -139,27 +184,43 @@ class RozhlasVltavaIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'chapter_number': 5,
             },
         }]
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://dvojka.rozhlas.cz/karel-siktanc-cerny-jezdec-bily-kun-napinava-pohadka-o-tajemnem-prizraku-8946969',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '8946969',
+            'title': 'Karel Šiktanc: Černý jezdec, bílý kůň. Napínavá pohádka o tajemném přízraku',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '10631121',
+                'ext': 'm4a',
+                'title': 'Karel Šiktanc: Černý jezdec, bílý kůň. Napínavá pohádka o tajemném přízraku',
+                'description': 'Karel Šiktanc: Černý jezdec, bílý kůň',
+                'duration': 2656,
+                'artist': 'Tvůrčí skupina Drama a literatura',
+                'channel_id': 'dvojka',
+            },
+        }],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'dash'},
     }]
 
     def _extract_video(self, entry):
-        chapter_number = int_or_none(traverse_obj(entry, ('meta', 'ga', 'contentSerialPart')))
+        audio_id = entry['meta']['ga']['contentId']
+        chapter_number = traverse_obj(entry, ('meta', 'ga', 'contentSerialPart', {int_or_none}))
+
         return {
-            'id': entry['meta']['ga']['contentId'],
-            'title': traverse_obj(entry, ('meta', 'ga', 'contentName')),
-            'description': entry.get('title'),
-            'duration': entry.get('duration'),
-            'artist': traverse_obj(entry, ('meta', 'ga', 'contentAuthor')),
-            'channel_id': traverse_obj(entry, ('meta', 'ga', 'contentCreator')),
+            'id': audio_id,
             'chapter': traverse_obj(entry, ('meta', 'ga', 'contentNameShort')) if chapter_number else None,
             'chapter_number': chapter_number,
-            'formats': [{
-                'url': audio_link['url'],
-                'ext': audio_link.get('variant'),
-                'format_id': audio_link.get('variant'),
-                'abr': audio_link.get('bitrate'),
-                'acodec': audio_link.get('variant'),
-                'vcodec': 'none',
-            } for audio_link in entry['audioLinks']],
+            'formats': self._extract_formats(entry, audio_id),
+            **traverse_obj(entry, {
+                'title': ('meta', 'ga', 'contentName'),
+                'description': 'title',
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'artist': ('meta', 'ga', 'contentAuthor'),
+                'channel_id': ('meta', 'ga', 'contentCreator'),
+            })
         }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -173,7 +234,110 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         return {
             '_type': 'playlist',
-            'id': data.get('embedId'),
+            'id': str_or_none(data.get('embedId')) or video_id,
             'title': traverse_obj(data, ('series', 'title')),
             'entries': map(self._extract_video, data['playlist']),
         }
+
+
+class MujRozhlasIE(RozhlasBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mujrozhlas\.cz/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # single episode extraction
+        'url': 'https://www.mujrozhlas.cz/vykopavky/ach-jo-zase-teleci-rizek-je-mnohem-min-cesky-nez-jsme-si-mysleli',
+        'md5': '6f8fd68663e64936623e67c152a669e0',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '10739193',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Ach jo, zase to telecí! Řízek je mnohem míň český, než jsme si mysleli',
+            'description': 'md5:db7141e9caaedc9041ec7cefb9a62908',
+            'timestamp': 1684915200,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1684922446,
+            'series': 'Vykopávky',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://portal.rozhlas.cz/sites/default/files/images/84377046610af6ddc54d910b1dd7a22b.jpg',
+            'channel_id': 'radio-wave',
+            'upload_date': '20230524',
+            'modified_date': '20230524',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # serial extraction
+        'url': 'https://www.mujrozhlas.cz/radiokniha/jaroslava-janackova-pribeh-tajemneho-psani-o-pramenech-genezi-babicky',
+        'playlist_mincount': 7,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'bb2b5f4e-ffb4-35a6-a34a-046aa62d6f6b',
+            'title': 'Jaroslava Janáčková: Příběh tajemného psaní. O pramenech a genezi Babičky',
+            'description': 'md5:7434d8fac39ac9fee6df098e11dfb1be',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # show extraction
+        'url': 'https://www.mujrozhlas.cz/nespavci',
+        'playlist_mincount': 14,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '09db9b37-d0f4-368c-986a-d3439f741f08',
+            'title': 'Nespavci',
+            'description': 'md5:c430adcbf9e2b9eac88b745881e814dc',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _call_api(self, path, item_id, msg='API JSON'):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.mujrozhlas.cz/{path}/{item_id}', item_id,
+            note=f'Downloading {msg}', errnote=f'Failed to download {msg}')['data']
+
+    def _extract_audio_entry(self, entry):
+        audio_id = entry['meta']['ga']['contentId']
+
+        return {
+            'id': audio_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_formats(entry['attributes'], audio_id),
+            **traverse_obj(entry, {
+                'title': ('attributes', 'title'),
+                'description': ('attributes', 'description'),
+                'episode_number': ('attributes', 'part'),
+                'series': ('attributes', 'mirroredShow', 'title'),
+                'chapter': ('attributes', 'mirroredSerial', 'title'),
+                'artist': ('meta', 'ga', 'contentAuthor'),
+                'channel_id': ('meta', 'ga', 'contentCreator'),
+                'timestamp': ('attributes', 'since', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('attributes', 'updated', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'thumbnail': ('attributes', 'asset', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+            })
+        }
+
+    def _entries(self, api_url, playlist_id):
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            episodes = self._download_json(
+                api_url, playlist_id, note=f'Downloading episodes page {page}',
+                errnote=f'Failed to download episodes page {page}', fatal=False)
+            for episode in traverse_obj(episodes, ('data', lambda _, v: v['meta']['ga']['contentId'])):
+                yield self._extract_audio_entry(episode)
+            api_url = traverse_obj(episodes, ('links', 'next', {url_or_none}))
+            if not api_url:
+                break
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        info = self._search_json(r'\bvar\s+dl\s*=', webpage, 'info json', display_id)
+
+        entity = info['siteEntityBundle']
+
+        if entity == 'episode':
+            return self._extract_audio_entry(self._call_api(
+                'episodes', info['contentId'], 'episode info API JSON'))
+
+        elif entity in ('show', 'serial'):
+            playlist_id = info['contentShow'].split(':')[0] if entity == 'show' else info['contentId']
+            data = self._call_api(f'{entity}s', playlist_id, f'{entity} playlist JSON')
+            api_url = data['relationships']['episodes']['links']['related']
+            return self.playlist_result(
+                self._entries(api_url, playlist_id), playlist_id,
+                **traverse_obj(data, ('attributes', {
+                    'title': 'title',
+                    'description': 'description',
+                })))
+
+        else:
+            # `entity == 'person'` not implemented yet by API, ref:
+            # https://api.mujrozhlas.cz/persons/8367e456-2a57-379a-91bb-e699619bea49/participation
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unsupported entity type "{entity}"')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rte.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rte.py
index aedaa5b55..7ba80d4ba 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rte.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rte.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     float_or_none,
     parse_iso8601,
@@ -31,8 +31,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             except ExtractorError as ee:
                 if num < len(ENDPOINTS) or formats:
                     continue
-                if isinstance(ee.cause, compat_HTTPError) and ee.cause.code == 404:
-                    error_info = self._parse_json(ee.cause.read().decode(), item_id, fatal=False)
+                if isinstance(ee.cause, HTTPError) and ee.cause.status == 404:
+                    error_info = self._parse_json(ee.cause.response.read().decode(), item_id, fatal=False)
                     if error_info:
                         raise ExtractorError(
                             '%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, error_info['message']),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rts.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rts.py
index 81c4d7cac..9f73d1811 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rts.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rts.py
@@ -136,8 +136,8 @@ def download_json(internal_id):
 
             if not entries:
                 page, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, display_id)
-                if re.match(self._VALID_URL, urlh.geturl()).group('id') != media_id:
-                    return self.url_result(urlh.geturl(), 'RTS')
+                if re.match(self._VALID_URL, urlh.url).group('id') != media_id:
+                    return self.url_result(urlh.url, 'RTS')
 
                 # article with videos on rhs
                 videos = re.findall(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvcplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvcplay.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..741c47262
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvcplay.py
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+import re
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor, ExtractorError
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    determine_ext,
+    int_or_none,
+    float_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    traverse_obj,
+    urljoin,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class RTVCPlayBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _BASE_VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtvcplay\.co'
+
+    def _extract_player_config(self, webpage, video_id):
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'<script\b[^>]*>[^<]*(?:var|let|const)\s+config\s*=', re.sub(r'"\s*\+\s*"', '', webpage),
+            'player_config', video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
+
+    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles_player_config(self, player_config, video_id):
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for source in traverse_obj(player_config, ('sources', ..., lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+            ext = mimetype2ext(source.get('mimetype'), default=determine_ext(source['url']))
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    source['url'], video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': source['url'],
+                    'ext': ext,
+                })
+
+        return formats, subtitles
+
+
+class RTVCPlayIE(RTVCPlayBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = RTVCPlayBaseIE._BASE_VALID_URL + r'/(?P<category>(?!embed)[^/]+)/(?:[^?#]+/)?(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/en-vivo/canal-institucional',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'canal-institucional',
+            'title': r're:^Canal Institucional',
+            'description': 'md5:eff9e548394175928059320c006031ea',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/en-vivo/senal-colombia',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'senal-colombia',
+            'title': r're:^Señal Colombia',
+            'description': 'md5:799f16a401d97f40c33a2c6a3e2a507b',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/en-vivo/radio-nacional',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'radio-nacional',
+            'title': r're:^Radio Nacional',
+            'description': 'md5:5de009bc6a9fa79d2a6cf0b73f977d53',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/peliculas-ficcion/senoritas',
+        'md5': '1288ee6f6d1330d880f98bff2ed710a3',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'senoritas',
+            'title': 'Señoritas',
+            'description': 'md5:f095a2bb52cb6cf279daf6302f86fb32',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/competencias-basicas-ciudadanas-y-socioemocionales/profe-en-tu-casa/james-regresa-clases-28022022',
+        'md5': 'f040a7380a269ad633cf837384d5e9fc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'james-regresa-clases-28022022',
+            'title': 'James regresa a clases - 28/02/2022',
+            'description': 'md5:c5dcdf757c7ab29305e8763c6007e675',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/peliculas-documentales/llinas-el-cerebro-y-el-universo',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'llinas-el-cerebro-y-el-universo',
+            'title': 'Llinás, el cerebro y el universo',
+            'description': 'md5:add875bf2309bb52b3e8b9b06116d9b0',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 3,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/competencias-basicas-ciudadanas-y-socioemocionales/profe-en-tu-casa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'profe-en-tu-casa',
+            'title': 'Profe en tu casa',
+            'description': 'md5:47dbe20e263194413b1db2a2805a4f2e',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 537,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/series-al-oido/relato-de-un-naufrago-una-travesia-del-periodismo-a-la-literatura',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'relato-de-un-naufrago-una-travesia-del-periodismo-a-la-literatura',
+            'title': 'Relato de un náufrago: una travesía del periodismo a la literatura',
+            'description': 'md5:6da28fdca4a5a568ea47ef65ef775603',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/series-al-oido/diez-versiones',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'diez-versiones',
+            'title': 'Diez versiones',
+            'description': 'md5:997471ed971cb3fd8e41969457675306',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 20,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, category = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'category')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        hydration = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.__RTVCPLAY_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'hydration',
+            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)['content']['currentContent']
+
+        asset_id = traverse_obj(hydration, ('video', 'assetid'))
+        if asset_id:
+            hls_url = hydration['base_url_hls'].replace('[node:field_asset_id]', asset_id)
+        else:
+            hls_url = traverse_obj(hydration, ('channel', 'hls'))
+
+        metadata = traverse_obj(hydration, {
+            'title': 'title',
+            'description': 'description',
+            'thumbnail': ((('channel', 'image', 'logo'), ('resource', 'image', 'cover_desktop')), 'path'),
+        }, get_all=False)
+
+        # Probably it's a program's page
+        if not hls_url:
+            seasons = traverse_obj(
+                hydration, ('widgets', lambda _, y: y['type'] == 'seasonList', 'contents'),
+                get_all=False)
+            if not seasons:
+                podcast_episodes = hydration.get('audios')
+                if not podcast_episodes:
+                    raise ExtractorError('Could not find asset_id nor program playlist nor podcast episodes')
+
+                return self.playlist_result([
+                    self.url_result(episode['file'], url_transparent=True, **traverse_obj(episode, {
+                        'title': 'title',
+                        'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                        'episode_number': ('chapter_number', {float_or_none}, {int_or_none}),
+                        'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
+                    })) for episode in podcast_episodes], video_id, **metadata)
+
+            entries = [self.url_result(
+                urljoin(url, episode['slug']), url_transparent=True,
+                **traverse_obj(season, {
+                    'season': 'title',
+                    'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
+                }), **traverse_obj(episode, {
+                    'title': 'title',
+                    'thumbnail': ('image', 'cover', 'path'),
+                    'episode_number': ('chapter_number', {int_or_none}),
+                })) for season in seasons for episode in traverse_obj(season, ('contents', ...))]
+
+            return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, **metadata)
+
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(hls_url, video_id, 'mp4')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'is_live': category == 'en-vivo',
+            **metadata,
+        }
+
+
+class RTVCPlayEmbedIE(RTVCPlayBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = RTVCPlayBaseIE._BASE_VALID_URL + r'/embed/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.rtvcplay.co/embed/72b0e699-248b-4929-a4a8-3782702fa7f9',
+        'md5': 'ed529aeaee7aa2a72afe91ac7d1177a8',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '72b0e699-248b-4929-a4a8-3782702fa7f9',
+            'title': 'Tráiler: Señoritas',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        player_config = self._extract_player_config(webpage, video_id)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles_player_config(player_config, video_id)
+
+        asset_id = traverse_obj(player_config, ('rtvcplay', 'assetid'))
+        metadata = {} if not asset_id else self._download_json(
+            f'https://cms.rtvcplay.co/api/v1/video/asset-id/{asset_id}', video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+                'thumbnail': ('image', ..., 'thumbnail', 'path'),
+            }, get_all=False)
+        }
+
+
+class RTVCKalturaIE(RTVCPlayBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://media\.rtvc\.gov\.co/kalturartvc/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://media.rtvc.gov.co/kalturartvc/indexSC.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'indexSC',
+            'title': r're:^Señal Colombia',
+            'description': 'md5:799f16a401d97f40c33a2c6a3e2a507b',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        player_config = self._extract_player_config(webpage, video_id)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles_player_config(player_config, video_id)
+
+        channel_id = traverse_obj(player_config, ('rtvcplay', 'channelId'))
+        metadata = {} if not channel_id else self._download_json(
+            f'https://cms.rtvcplay.co/api/v1/taxonomy_term/streaming/{channel_id}', video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+            traverse_obj(metadata, ('channel', 'hls')), video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)
+        formats.extend(fmts)
+        self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'is_live': True,
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+                'thumbnail': ('channel', 'image', 'logo', 'path'),
+            })
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
index 05942b6b4..39ace7cc6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
     parse_duration,
     traverse_obj,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ class RTVSLOIE(InfoExtractor):
             'url': 'https://www.rtvslo.si/rtv365/arhiv/174842550?s=tv',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '174842550',
-                'ext': 'flv',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
                 'release_timestamp': 1643140032,
                 'upload_date': '20220125',
                 'series': 'Dnevnik',
@@ -69,7 +70,21 @@ class RTVSLOIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'tbr': 128000,
                 'release_date': '20220201',
             },
-
+        }, {
+            'url': 'https://365.rtvslo.si/arhiv/razred-zase/148350750',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '148350750',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Prvi šolski dan, mozaična oddaja za mlade',
+                'series': 'Razred zase',
+                'series_id': '148185730',
+                'duration': 1481,
+                'upload_date': '20121019',
+                'timestamp': 1350672122,
+                'release_date': '20121019',
+                'release_timestamp': 1350672122,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://img.rtvcdn.si/_up/ava/ava_misc/show_logos/148185730/razred_zase_2014_logo_4d_wide2.jpg',
+            },
         }, {
             'url': 'https://4d.rtvslo.si/arhiv/dnevnik/174842550',
             'only_matching': True
@@ -98,13 +113,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         media = self._download_json(self._API_BASE.format('getMedia', v_id), v_id, query={'jwt': jwt})['response']
 
         formats = []
+        skip_protocols = ['smil', 'f4m', 'dash']
         adaptive_url = traverse_obj(media, ('addaptiveMedia', 'hls_sec'), expected_type=url_or_none)
         if adaptive_url:
-            formats = self._extract_wowza_formats(adaptive_url, v_id, skip_protocols=['smil'])
+            formats = self._extract_wowza_formats(adaptive_url, v_id, skip_protocols=skip_protocols)
 
         adaptive_url = traverse_obj(media, ('addaptiveMedia_sl', 'hls_sec'), expected_type=url_or_none)
         if adaptive_url:
-            for f in self._extract_wowza_formats(adaptive_url, v_id, skip_protocols=['smil']):
+            for f in self._extract_wowza_formats(adaptive_url, v_id, skip_protocols=skip_protocols):
                 formats.append({
                     **f,
                     'format_id': 'sign-' + f['format_id'],
@@ -114,19 +130,19 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                         else f.get('language'))
                 })
 
-        formats.extend(
-            {
-                'url': f['streams'][strm],
-                'ext': traverse_obj(f, 'mediaType', expected_type=str.lower),
-                'width': f.get('width'),
-                'height': f.get('height'),
-                'tbr': f.get('bitrate'),
-                'filesize': f.get('filesize'),
-            }
-            for strm in ('http', 'https')
-            for f in media.get('mediaFiles') or []
-            if traverse_obj(f, ('streams', strm))
-        )
+        for mediafile in traverse_obj(media, ('mediaFiles', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['streams']['https']))):
+            formats.append(traverse_obj(mediafile, {
+                'url': ('streams', 'https'),
+                'ext': ('mediaType', {str.lower}),
+                'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}),
+                'filesize': ('filesize', {int_or_none}),
+            }))
+
+        for mediafile in traverse_obj(media, ('mediaFiles', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['streams']['hls_sec']))):
+            formats.extend(self._extract_wowza_formats(
+                mediafile['streams']['hls_sec'], v_id, skip_protocols=skip_protocols))
 
         if any('intermission.mp4' in x['url'] for x in formats):
             self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES, metadata_available=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rule34video.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rule34video.py
index 9d15f4d21..f3250b557 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rule34video.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rule34video.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import re
 
-from ..utils import parse_duration
+from ..utils import parse_duration, unescapeHTML
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 
 
@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@ class Rule34VideoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Shot It-(mmd hmv)',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://rule34video.com/contents/videos_screenshots/3065000/3065157/preview.jpg',
                 'duration': 347.0,
-                'age_limit': 18
+                'age_limit': 18,
+                'tags': 'count:14'
             }
         },
         {
@@ -28,7 +29,8 @@ class Rule34VideoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Lara in Trouble Ep. 7 [WildeerStudio]',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://rule34video.com/contents/videos_screenshots/3065000/3065296/preview.jpg',
                 'duration': 938.0,
-                'age_limit': 18
+                'age_limit': 18,
+                'tags': 'count:50'
             }
         },
     ]
@@ -57,5 +59,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'title': title,
             'thumbnail': thumbnail,
             'duration': parse_duration(duration),
-            'age_limit': 18
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'tags': list(map(unescapeHTML, re.findall(
+                r'<a class="tag_item"[^>]+\bhref="https://rule34video\.com/tags/\d+/"[^>]*>(?P<tag>[^>]*)</a>', webpage))),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
index 97f81446c..85567d9a2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
@@ -2,13 +2,16 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     UnsupportedError,
     clean_html,
+    determine_ext,
+    format_field,
     get_element_by_class,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     parse_count,
     parse_iso8601,
     traverse_obj,
@@ -30,7 +33,7 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20191020',
             'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/WMAR',
             'channel': 'WMAR',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/1/5/M/z/1/5Mz1a.OvCc-small-WMAR-2-News-Latest-Headline.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/1/5/M/z/1/5Mz1a.qR4e-small-WMAR-2-News-Latest-Headline.jpg',
             'duration': 234,
             'uploader': 'WMAR',
             'live_status': 'not_live',
@@ -81,7 +84,7 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'v1essrt',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'startswith:lofi hip hop radio - beats to relax/study',
+            'title': 'startswith:lofi hip hop radio 📚 - beats to relax/study to',
             'timestamp': 1661519399,
             'upload_date': '20220826',
             'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/LofiGirl',
@@ -96,7 +99,7 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://rumble.com/embed/v1amumr',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'v1amumr',
-            'ext': 'webm',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
             'fps': 60,
             'title': 'Turning Point USA 2022 Student Action Summit DAY 1  - Rumble Exclusive Live',
             'timestamp': 1658518457,
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 92,
                 'title': '911 Audio From The Man Who Wanted To Kill Supreme Court Justice Kavanaugh',
                 'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/RichSementa',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/1/P/j/f/A/PjfAe.OvCc-small-911-Audio-From-The-Man-Who-.jpg',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/1/P/j/f/A/PjfAe.qR4e-small-911-Audio-From-The-Man-Who-.jpg',
                 'timestamp': 1654892716,
                 'uploader': 'Mr Producer Media',
                 'upload_date': '20220610',
@@ -141,7 +144,7 @@ def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
         if embeds:
             return embeds
         return [f'https://rumble.com/embed/{mobj.group("id")}' for mobj in re.finditer(
-            r'<script>\s*Rumble\(\s*"play"\s*,\s*{\s*[\'"]video[\'"]\s*:\s*[\'"](?P<id>[0-9a-z]+)[\'"]', webpage)]
+            r'<script>[^<]*\bRumble\(\s*"play"\s*,\s*{[^}]*[\'"]?video[\'"]?\s*:\s*[\'"](?P<id>[0-9a-z]+)[\'"]', webpage)]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -164,7 +167,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         formats = []
         for ext, ext_info in (video.get('ua') or {}).items():
-            for height, video_info in (ext_info or {}).items():
+            if isinstance(ext_info, dict):
+                for height, video_info in ext_info.items():
+                    if not traverse_obj(video_info, ('meta', 'h', {int_or_none})):
+                        video_info.setdefault('meta', {})['h'] = height
+                ext_info = ext_info.values()
+
+            for video_info in ext_info:
                 meta = video_info.get('meta') or {}
                 if not video_info.get('url'):
                     continue
@@ -175,12 +184,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                         video_info['url'], video_id,
                         ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False, live=live_status == 'is_live'))
                     continue
+                timeline = ext == 'timeline'
+                if timeline:
+                    ext = determine_ext(video_info['url'])
                 formats.append({
                     'ext': ext,
+                    'acodec': 'none' if timeline else None,
                     'url': video_info['url'],
-                    'format_id': '%s-%sp' % (ext, height),
-                    'height': int_or_none(height),
-                    'fps': video.get('fps'),
+                    'format_id': join_nonempty(ext, format_field(meta, 'h', '%sp')),
+                    'format_note': 'Timeline' if timeline else None,
+                    'fps': None if timeline else video.get('fps'),
                     **traverse_obj(meta, {
                         'tbr': 'bitrate',
                         'filesize': 'size',
@@ -223,7 +236,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class RumbleIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rumble\.com/(?P<id>v(?!ideos)[\w.-]+)[^/]*$'
-    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<a class=video-item--a href=(?P<url>/v[\w.-]+\.html)>']
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [
+        r'<a class=video-item--a href=(?P<url>/v[\w.-]+\.html)>',
+        r'<a[^>]+class="videostream__link link"[^>]+href=(?P<url>/v[\w.-]+\.html)[^>]*>']
     _TESTS = [{
         'add_ie': ['RumbleEmbed'],
         'url': 'https://rumble.com/vdmum1-moose-the-dog-helps-girls-dig-a-snow-fort.html',
@@ -241,17 +256,61 @@ class RumbleIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 103,
             'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
             'view_count': int,
             'live_status': 'not_live',
         }
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.rumble.com/vDMUM1?key=value',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'timeline format',
+        'url': 'https://rumble.com/v2ea9qb-the-u.s.-cannot-hide-this-in-ukraine-anymore-redacted-with-natali-and-clayt.html',
+        'md5': '40d61fec6c0945bca3d0e1dc1aa53d79',
+        'params': {'format': 'wv'},
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'v2bou5f',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Redacted News',
+            'upload_date': '20230322',
+            'timestamp': 1679445010,
+            'title': 'The U.S. CANNOT hide this in Ukraine anymore | Redacted with Natali and Clayton Morris',
+            'duration': 892,
+            'channel': 'Redacted News',
+            'description': 'md5:aaad0c5c3426d7a361c29bdaaced7c42',
+            'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/Redacted',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/1/d/x/2/O/dx2Oi.qR4e-small-The-U.S.-CANNOT-hide-this-i.jpg',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rumble.com/v2e7fju-the-covid-twitter-files-drop-protecting-fauci-while-censoring-the-truth-wma.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'v2blzyy',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'release_timestamp': 1679446804,
+            'description': 'md5:2ac4908ccfecfb921f8ffa4b30c1e636',
+            'release_date': '20230322',
+            'timestamp': 1679445692,
+            'duration': 4435,
+            'upload_date': '20230322',
+            'title': 'The Covid Twitter Files Drop: Protecting Fauci While Censoring The Truth w/Matt Taibbi',
+            'uploader': 'Kim Iversen',
+            'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/KimIversen',
+            'channel': 'Kim Iversen',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/1/6/b/w/O/6bwOi.qR4e-small-The-Covid-Twitter-Files-Dro.jpg',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
     }]
 
     _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://rumble.com/videos?page=2',
-        'playlist_count': 25,
+        'playlist_mincount': 24,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'videos?page=2',
             'title': 'All videos',
@@ -259,17 +318,16 @@ class RumbleIE(InfoExtractor):
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://rumble.com/live-videos',
-        'playlist_mincount': 19,
+        'url': 'https://rumble.com/browse/live',
+        'playlist_mincount': 25,
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'live-videos',
-            'title': 'Live Videos',
-            'description': 'Live videos on Rumble.com',
+            'id': 'live',
+            'title': 'Browse',
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rumble.com/search/video?q=rumble&sort=views',
-        'playlist_count': 24,
+        'playlist_mincount': 24,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'video?q=rumble&sort=views',
             'title': 'Search results for: rumble',
@@ -284,19 +342,20 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if not url_info:
             raise UnsupportedError(url)
 
-        release_ts_str = self._search_regex(
-            r'(?:Livestream begins|Streamed on):\s+<time datetime="([^"]+)',
-            webpage, 'release date', fatal=False, default=None)
-        view_count_str = self._search_regex(r'<span class="media-heading-info">([\d,]+) Views',
-                                            webpage, 'view count', fatal=False, default=None)
-
-        return self.url_result(
-            url_info['url'], ie_key=url_info['ie_key'], url_transparent=True,
-            view_count=parse_count(view_count_str),
-            release_timestamp=parse_iso8601(release_ts_str),
-            like_count=parse_count(get_element_by_class('rumbles-count', webpage)),
-            description=clean_html(get_element_by_class('media-description', webpage)),
-        )
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'ie_key': url_info['ie_key'],
+            'url': url_info['url'],
+            'release_timestamp': parse_iso8601(self._search_regex(
+                r'(?:Livestream begins|Streamed on):\s+<time datetime="([^"]+)', webpage, 'release date', default=None)),
+            'view_count': int_or_none(self._search_regex(
+                r'"userInteractionCount"\s*:\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'view count', default=None)),
+            'like_count': parse_count(self._search_regex(
+                r'<span data-js="rumbles_up_votes">\s*([\d,.KM]+)', webpage, 'like count', default=None)),
+            'dislike_count': parse_count(self._search_regex(
+                r'<span data-js="rumbles_down_votes">\s*([\d,.KM]+)', webpage, 'dislike count', default=None)),
+            'description': clean_html(get_element_by_class('media-description', webpage))
+        }
 
 
 class RumbleChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -321,7 +380,7 @@ def entries(self, url, playlist_id):
             try:
                 webpage = self._download_webpage(f'{url}?page={page}', playlist_id, note='Downloading page %d' % page)
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 404:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404:
                     break
                 raise
             for video_url in re.findall(r'class=video-item--a\s?href=([^>]+\.html)', webpage):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/s4c.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/s4c.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..67eff723b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/s4c.py
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import traverse_obj, url_or_none
+
+
+class S4CIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?s4c\.cymru/clic/programme/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.s4c.cymru/clic/programme/861362209',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '861362209',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Y Swn',
+            'description': 'md5:f7681a30e4955b250b3224aa9fe70cf0',
+            'duration': 5340,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.s4c.cymru/amg/1920x1080/Y_Swn_2023S4C_099_ii.jpg'
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.s4c.cymru/clic/programme/856636948',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '856636948',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Am Dro',
+            'duration': 2880,
+            'description': 'md5:100d8686fc9a632a0cb2db52a3433ffe',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.s4c.cymru/amg/1920x1080/Am_Dro_2022-23S4C_P6_4005.jpg'
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        details = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.s4c.cymru/df/full_prog_details?lang=e&programme_id={video_id}',
+            video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        player_config = self._download_json(
+            'https://player-api.s4c-cdn.co.uk/player-configuration/prod', video_id, query={
+                'programme_id': video_id,
+                'signed': '0',
+                'lang': 'en',
+                'mode': 'od',
+                'appId': 'clic',
+                'streamName': '',
+            }, note='Downloading player config JSON')
+        subtitles = {}
+        for sub in traverse_obj(player_config, ('subtitles', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['0']))):
+            subtitles.setdefault(sub.get('3', 'en'), []).append({
+                'url': sub['0'],
+                'name': sub.get('1'),
+            })
+        m3u8_url = self._download_json(
+            'https://player-api.s4c-cdn.co.uk/streaming-urls/prod', video_id, query={
+                'mode': 'od',
+                'application': 'clic',
+                'region': 'WW',
+                'extra': 'false',
+                'thirdParty': 'false',
+                'filename': player_config['filename'],
+            }, note='Downloading streaming urls JSON')['hls']
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls'),
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'thumbnail': url_or_none(player_config.get('poster')),
+            **traverse_obj(details, ('full_prog_details', 0, {
+                'title': (('programme_title', 'series_title'), {str}),
+                'description': ('full_billing', {str.strip}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {lambda x: int(x) * 60}),
+            }), get_all=False),
+        }
+
+
+class S4CSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?s4c\.cymru/clic/series/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.s4c.cymru/clic/series/864982911',
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '864982911',
+            'title': 'Iaith ar Daith',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.s4c.cymru/clic/series/866852587',
+        'playlist_mincount': 8,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '866852587',
+            'title': 'FFIT Cymru',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        series_id = self._match_id(url)
+        series_details = self._download_json(
+            'https://www.s4c.cymru/df/series_details', series_id, query={
+                'lang': 'e',
+                'series_id': series_id,
+                'show_prog_in_series': 'Y'
+            }, note='Downloading series details JSON')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            [self.url_result(f'https://www.s4c.cymru/clic/programme/{episode_id}', S4CIE, episode_id)
+             for episode_id in traverse_obj(series_details, ('other_progs_in_series', ..., 'id'))],
+            series_id, traverse_obj(series_details, ('full_prog_details', 0, 'series_title', {str})))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/safari.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/safari.py
index 450a661e9..8d322d710 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/safari.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/safari.py
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             'Downloading login page')
 
         def is_logged(urlh):
-            return 'learning.oreilly.com/home/' in urlh.geturl()
+            return 'learning.oreilly.com/home/' in urlh.url
 
         if is_logged(urlh):
             self.LOGGED_IN = True
             return
 
-        redirect_url = urlh.geturl()
+        redirect_url = urlh.url
         parsed_url = compat_urlparse.urlparse(redirect_url)
         qs = compat_parse_qs(parsed_url.query)
         next_uri = compat_urlparse.urljoin(
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
             webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
 
-            mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, urlh.geturl())
+            mobj = re.match(self._VALID_URL, urlh.url)
             reference_id = mobj.group('reference_id')
             if not reference_id:
                 reference_id = self._search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sbs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sbs.py
index 45320339d..7a9115047 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sbs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sbs.py
@@ -1,7 +1,13 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
-    smuggle_url,
-    ExtractorError,
+    float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+    update_url_query,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
@@ -11,7 +17,7 @@ class SBSIE(InfoExtractor):
         https?://(?:www\.)?sbs\.com\.au/(?:
             ondemand(?:
                 /video/(?:single/)?|
-                /movie/[^/]+/|
+                /(?:movie|tv-program)/[^/]+/|
                 /(?:tv|news)-series/(?:[^/]+/){3}|
                 .*?\bplay=|/watch/
             )|news/(?:embeds/)?video/
@@ -27,18 +33,21 @@ class SBSIE(InfoExtractor):
         # Original URL is handled by the generic IE which finds the iframe:
         # http://www.sbs.com.au/thefeed/blog/2014/08/21/dingo-conservation
         'url': 'http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/single/320403011771/?source=drupal&vertical=thefeed',
-        'md5': '3150cf278965eeabb5b4cea1c963fe0a',
+        'md5': '31f84a7a19b53635db63c73f8ab0c4a7',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '_rFBPRPO4pMR',
+            'id': '320403011771',  # '_rFBPRPO4pMR',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Dingo Conservation (The Feed)',
             'description': 'md5:f250a9856fca50d22dec0b5b8015f8a5',
-            'thumbnail': r're:http://.*\.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
             'duration': 308,
             'timestamp': 1408613220,
             'upload_date': '20140821',
             'uploader': 'SBSC',
+            'tags': None,
+            'categories': None,
         },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download JSON metadata'],
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/320403011771/Dingo-Conservation-The-Feed',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -70,34 +79,80 @@ class SBSIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/tv-series/the-handmaids-tale/season-5/the-handmaids-tale-s5-ep1/2065631811776',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/tv-program/autun-romes-forgotten-sister/2116212803602',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['AU']
+    _AUS_TV_PARENTAL_GUIDELINES = {
+        'P': 0,
+        'C': 7,
+        'G': 0,
+        'PG': 0,
+        'M': 14,
+        'MA15+': 15,
+        'MAV15+': 15,
+        'R18+': 18,
+    }
+    _PLAYER_API = 'https://www.sbs.com.au/api/v3'
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        player_params = self._download_json(
-            'http://www.sbs.com.au/api/video_pdkvars/id/%s?form=json' % video_id, video_id)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_smil_formats_and_subtitles(
+            update_url_query(f'{self._PLAYER_API}/video_smil', {'id': video_id}), video_id)
 
-        error = player_params.get('error')
-        if error:
-            error_message = 'Sorry, The video you are looking for does not exist.'
-            video_data = error.get('results') or {}
-            error_code = error.get('errorCode')
-            if error_code == 'ComingSoon':
-                error_message = '%s is not yet available.' % video_data.get('title', '')
-            elif error_code in ('Forbidden', 'intranetAccessOnly'):
-                error_message = 'Sorry, This video cannot be accessed via this website'
-            elif error_code == 'Expired':
-                error_message = 'Sorry, %s is no longer available.' % video_data.get('title', '')
-            raise ExtractorError('%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, error_message), expected=True)
+        if not formats:
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                HEADRequest('https://sbs-vod-prod-01.akamaized.net/'), video_id,
+                note='Checking geo-restriction', fatal=False, expected_status=403)
+            if urlh:
+                error_reasons = urlh.headers.get_all('x-error-reason') or []
+                if 'geo-blocked' in error_reasons:
+                    self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['AU'])
+            self.raise_no_formats('No formats are available', video_id=video_id)
 
-        urls = player_params['releaseUrls']
-        theplatform_url = (urls.get('progressive') or urls.get('html')
-                           or urls.get('standard') or player_params['relatedItemsURL'])
+        media = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'{self._PLAYER_API}/video_stream', video_id, fatal=False,
+            query={'id': video_id, 'context': 'tv'}), ('video_object', {dict})) or {}
+
+        media.update(self._download_json(
+            f'https://catalogue.pr.sbsod.com/mpx-media/{video_id}',
+            video_id, fatal=not media) or {})
+
+        # For named episodes, use the catalogue's title to set episode, rather than generic 'Episode N'.
+        if traverse_obj(media, ('partOfSeries', {dict})):
+            media['epName'] = traverse_obj(media, ('title', {str}))
 
         return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'ie_key': 'ThePlatform',
             'id': video_id,
-            'url': smuggle_url(self._proto_relative_url(theplatform_url), {'force_smil_url': True}),
-            'is_live': player_params.get('streamType') == 'live',
+            **traverse_obj(media, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'channel': ('taxonomy', 'channel', 'name', {str}),
+                'series': ((('partOfSeries', 'name'), 'seriesTitle'), {str}),
+                'series_id': ((('partOfSeries', 'uuid'), 'seriesID'), {str}),
+                'season_number': ('seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode': ('epName', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': (('datePublished', ('publication', 'startDate')), {parse_iso8601}),
+                'release_year': ('releaseYear', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', ({float_or_none}, {parse_duration})),
+                'is_live': ('liveStream', {bool}),
+                'age_limit': (('classificationID', 'contentRating'), {str.upper}, {
+                    lambda x: self._AUS_TV_PARENTAL_GUIDELINES.get(x)}),  # dict.get is unhashable in py3.7
+            }, get_all=False),
+            **traverse_obj(media, {
+                'categories': (('genres', ...), ('taxonomy', ('genre', 'subgenre'), 'name'), {str}),
+                'tags': (('consumerAdviceTexts', ('sbsSubCertification', 'consumerAdvice')), ..., {str}),
+                'thumbnails': ('thumbnails', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['contentUrl']), {
+                    'id': ('name', {str}),
+                    'url': 'contentUrl',
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+            }),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'uploader': 'SBSC',
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sbscokr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sbscokr.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..001d19ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sbscokr.py
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_resolution,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class SBSCoKrIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'sbs.co.kr'
+    _VALID_URL = [r'https?://allvod\.sbs\.co\.kr/allvod/vod(?:Package)?EndPage\.do\?(?:[^#]+&)?mdaId=(?P<id>\d+)',
+                  r'https?://programs\.sbs\.co\.kr/(?:enter|drama|culture|sports|plus|mtv|kth)/[a-z0-9]+/(?:vod|clip|movie)/\d+/(?P<id>(?:OC)?\d+)']
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://programs.sbs.co.kr/enter/dongsang2/clip/52007/OC467706746?div=main_pop_clip',
+        'md5': 'c3f6d45e1fb5682039d94cda23c36f19',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'OC467706746',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '‘아슬아슬’ 박군♥한영의 새 집 인테리어 대첩♨',
+            'description': 'md5:6a71eb1979ee4a94ea380310068ccab4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img2.sbs.co.kr/ops_clip_img/2023/10/10/34c4c0f9-a9a5-4ff6-a92e-9bb4b5f6fa65915w1280.jpg',
+            'release_timestamp': 1696889400,
+            'release_date': '20231009',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 238,
+            'age_limit': 15,
+            'series': '동상이몽2_너는 내 운명',
+            'episode': '레이디제인, ‘혼전임신설’ ‘3개월’ 앞당긴 결혼식 비하인드 스토리 최초 공개!',
+            'episode_number': 311,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://allvod.sbs.co.kr/allvod/vodPackageEndPage.do?mdaId=22000489324&combiId=PA000000284&packageType=A&isFreeYN=',
+        'md5': 'bf46b2e89fda7ae7de01f5743cef7236',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '22000489324',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '[다시보기] 트롤리 15회',
+            'description': 'md5:0e55d74bef1ac55c61ae90c73ac485f4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img2.sbs.co.kr/img/sbs_cms/WE/2023/02/14/arC1676333794938-1280-720.jpg',
+            'release_timestamp': 1676325600,
+            'release_date': '20230213',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 5931,
+            'age_limit': 15,
+            'series': '트롤리',
+            'episode': '이거 다 거짓말이야',
+            'episode_number': 15,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://programs.sbs.co.kr/enter/fourman/vod/69625/22000508948',
+        'md5': '41e8ae4cc6c8424f4e4d76661a4becbf',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '22000508948',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '[다시보기] 신발 벗고 돌싱포맨 104회',
+            'description': 'md5:c6a247383c4dd661e4b956bf4d3b586e',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img2.sbs.co.kr/img/sbs_cms/WE/2023/08/30/2vb1693355446261-1280-720.jpg',
+            'release_timestamp': 1693342800,
+            'release_date': '20230829',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 7036,
+            'age_limit': 15,
+            'series': '신발 벗고 돌싱포맨',
+            'episode': '돌싱포맨 저격수들 등장!',
+            'episode_number': 104,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _call_api(self, video_id, rscuse=''):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.play.sbs.co.kr/1.0/sbs_vodall/{video_id}', video_id,
+            note=f'Downloading m3u8 information {rscuse}',
+            query={
+                'platform': 'pcweb',
+                'protocol': 'download',
+                'absolute_show': 'Y',
+                'service': 'program',
+                'ssl': 'Y',
+                'rscuse': rscuse,
+            })
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        details = self._call_api(video_id)
+        source = traverse_obj(details, ('vod', 'source', 'mediasource', {dict})) or {}
+
+        formats = []
+        for stream in traverse_obj(details, (
+            'vod', 'source', 'mediasourcelist', lambda _, v: v['mediaurl'] or v['mediarscuse']
+        ), default=[source]):
+            if not stream.get('mediaurl'):
+                new_source = traverse_obj(
+                    self._call_api(video_id, rscuse=stream['mediarscuse']),
+                    ('vod', 'source', 'mediasource', {dict})) or {}
+                if new_source.get('mediarscuse') == source.get('mediarscuse') or not new_source.get('mediaurl'):
+                    continue
+                stream = new_source
+            formats.append({
+                'url': stream['mediaurl'],
+                'format_id': stream.get('mediarscuse'),
+                'format_note': stream.get('medianame'),
+                **parse_resolution(stream.get('quality')),
+                'preference': int_or_none(stream.get('mediarscuse'))
+            })
+
+        caption_url = traverse_obj(details, ('vod', 'source', 'subtitle', {url_or_none}))
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(details, ('vod', {
+                'title': ('info', 'title'),
+                'duration': ('info', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('info', 'viewcount', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('info', 'likecount', {int_or_none}),
+                'description': ('info', 'synopsis', {clean_html}),
+                'episode': ('info', 'content', ('contenttitle', 'title')),
+                'episode_number': ('info', 'content', 'number', {int_or_none}),
+                'series': ('info', 'program', 'programtitle'),
+                'age_limit': ('info', 'targetage', {int_or_none}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('info', 'broaddate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'thumbnail': ('source', 'thumbnail', 'origin', {url_or_none}),
+            }), get_all=False),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': {'ko': [{'url': caption_url}]} if caption_url else None,
+        }
+
+
+class SBSCoKrAllvodProgramIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'sbs.co.kr:allvod_program'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://allvod\.sbs\.co\.kr/allvod/vod(?:Free)?ProgramDetail\.do\?(?:[^#]+&)?pgmId=(?P<id>P?\d+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://allvod.sbs.co.kr/allvod/vodFreeProgramDetail.do?type=legend&pgmId=22000010159&listOrder=vodCntAsc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': '22000010159',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 18,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://allvod.sbs.co.kr/allvod/vodProgramDetail.do?pgmId=P460810577',
+        'info_dict': {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': 'P460810577',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 13,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        program_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        details = self._download_json(
+            'https://allvod.sbs.co.kr/allvod/vodProgramDetail/vodProgramDetailAjax.do',
+            program_id, note='Downloading program details',
+            query={
+                'pgmId': program_id,
+                'currentCount': '10000',
+            })
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            [self.url_result(f'https://allvod.sbs.co.kr/allvod/vodEndPage.do?mdaId={video_id}', SBSCoKrIE)
+             for video_id in traverse_obj(details, ('list', ..., 'mdaId'))], program_id)
+
+
+class SBSCoKrProgramsVodIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'sbs.co.kr:programs_vod'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://programs\.sbs\.co\.kr/(?:enter|drama|culture|sports|plus|mtv)/(?P<id>[a-z0-9]+)/vods'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://programs.sbs.co.kr/culture/morningwide/vods/65007',
+        'info_dict': {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': '00000210215',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 9782,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://programs.sbs.co.kr/enter/dongsang2/vods/52006',
+        'info_dict': {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'id': '22000010476',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 312,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        program_slug = self._match_id(url)
+
+        program_id = self._download_json(
+            f'https://static.apis.sbs.co.kr/program-api/1.0/menu/{program_slug}', program_slug,
+            note='Downloading program menu data')['program']['programid']
+
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://allvod.sbs.co.kr/allvod/vodProgramDetail.do?pgmId={program_id}', SBSCoKrAllvodProgramIE)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/scrippsnetworks.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/scrippsnetworks.py
index c3cee6e4a..7f0bc9645 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/scrippsnetworks.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/scrippsnetworks.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ class ScrippsNetworksWatchIE(AWSIE):
             'skip_download': True,
         },
         'add_ie': [AnvatoIE.ie_key()],
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }]
 
     _SNI_TABLE = {
@@ -113,8 +114,12 @@ class ScrippsNetworksIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1475678834,
             'upload_date': '20161005',
             'uploader': 'SCNI-SCND',
+            'duration': 29.995,
+            'chapters': [{'start_time': 0.0, 'end_time': 29.995, 'title': '<Untitled Chapter 1>'}],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.dds.discovery.com/up/tp/Scripps_-_Food_Category_Prod/122/987/0260338_630x355.jpg',
         },
         'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
+        'expected_warnings': ['No HLS formats found'],
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.diynetwork.com/videos/diy-barnwood-tablet-stand-0265790',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/senalcolombia.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/senalcolombia.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3c066da7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/senalcolombia.py
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .rtvcplay import RTVCKalturaIE
+
+
+class SenalColombiaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?senalcolombia\.tv/(?P<id>senal-en-vivo)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.senalcolombia.tv/senal-en-vivo',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'indexSC',
+            'title': 're:^Señal Colombia',
+            'description': 'md5:799f16a401d97f40c33a2c6a3e2a507b',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        hydration = self._search_json(
+            r'<script\b[^>]*data-drupal-selector\s*=\s*"[^"]*drupal-settings-json[^"]*"[^>]*>',
+            webpage, 'hydration', display_id)
+
+        return self.url_result(hydration['envivosrc'], RTVCKalturaIE, display_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sevenplus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sevenplus.py
index 222bf6ce7..6c688d150 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sevenplus.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sevenplus.py
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 import re
 
 from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewBaseIE
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_str,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     try_get,
@@ -97,9 +95,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'videoType': 'vod',
                 }, headers=headers)['media']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                 raise ExtractorError(self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(), episode_id)[0]['error_code'], expected=True)
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode(), episode_id)[0]['error_code'], expected=True)
             raise
 
         for source in media.get('sources', {}):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/shahid.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/shahid.py
index 26a0bff40..d509e8879 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/shahid.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/shahid.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import re
 
 from .aws import AWSIE
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class ShahidBaseIE(AWSIE):
 
     def _handle_error(self, e):
         fail_data = self._parse_json(
-            e.cause.read().decode('utf-8'), None, fatal=False)
+            e.cause.response.read().decode('utf-8'), None, fatal=False)
         if fail_data:
             faults = fail_data.get('faults', [])
             faults_message = ', '.join([clean_html(fault['userMessage']) for fault in faults if fault.get('userMessage')])
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def _call_api(self, path, video_id, request=None):
                 'secret_key': '4WUUJWuFvtTkXbhaWTDv7MhO+0LqoYDWfEnUXoWn',
             }, video_id, query)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
                 self._handle_error(e)
             raise
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                     'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
                 })['user']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
                 self._handle_error(e)
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
index 7a78c6e05..ec9938b8c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
@@ -73,7 +73,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         key = bytes_to_intlist(compat_b64decode(data_json['key']))
         iv = [0] * 16
         m3u8_url = unpad_pkcs7(intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(url_data, key, iv))).decode('ascii')
-        formats, m3u8_subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, fatal=False, headers={'stream_key': data_json['stream_key']})
+        headers = {'stream_key': data_json['stream_key']}
+        formats, m3u8_subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, fatal=False, headers=headers)
+        for fmt in formats:
+            fmt['http_headers'] = headers
 
         release_date = self._html_search_regex(
             (r'itemprop="uploadDate">\s*([\d-]+)', r'id="release_date" value="([\d-]+)'),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sina.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sina.py
index aeba4e377..eeb9ebb44 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sina.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sina.py
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
     ExtractorError,
-    int_or_none,
-    update_url_query,
-    qualities,
-    get_element_by_attribute,
     clean_html,
+    get_element_by_attribute,
+    int_or_none,
+    qualities,
+    update_url_query,
 )
 
 
 class SinaIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://(?:.*?\.)?video\.sina\.com\.cn/
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?video\.sina\.com\.cn/
                         (?:
                             (?:view/|.*\#)(?P<id>\d+)|
                             .+?/(?P<pseudo_id>[^/?#]+)(?:\.s?html)|
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 self.to_screen('Getting video id')
                 request = HEADRequest(url)
                 _, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(request, 'NA', False)
-                return self._real_extract(urlh.geturl())
+                return self._real_extract(urlh.url)
             else:
                 pseudo_id = mobj.group('pseudo_id')
                 webpage = self._download_webpage(url, pseudo_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sixplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sixplay.py
index a6fb6c1f5..ef93b9276 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sixplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sixplay.py
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                             headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
                         if not urlh:
                             continue
-                        asset_url = urlh.geturl()
+                        asset_url = urlh.url
                     asset_url = asset_url.replace('_drmnp.ism/', '_unpnp.ism/')
                     for i in range(3, 0, -1):
                         asset_url = asset_url = asset_url.replace('_sd1/', '_sd%d/' % i)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/slideslive.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/slideslive.py
index 3d36edbbc..25f867a60 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/slideslive.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/slideslive.py
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             video_id, headers=traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), {
                 'Referer': ('embed_parent_url', -1),
                 'Origin': ('embed_container_origin', -1)}))
-        redirect_url = urlh.geturl()
+        redirect_url = urlh.url
         if 'domain_not_allowed' in redirect_url:
             domain = traverse_obj(parse_qs(redirect_url), ('allowed_domains[]', ...), get_all=False)
             if not domain:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sohu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sohu.py
index a8f1e4623..c0ff4f9aa 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sohu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sohu.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import base64
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -8,7 +9,12 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    float_or_none,
+    url_or_none,
+    unified_timestamp,
     try_get,
+    urljoin,
+    traverse_obj,
 )
 
 
@@ -31,13 +37,20 @@ class SohuIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '409385080',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '《2015湖南卫视羊年元宵晚会》唐嫣《花好月圆》',
-        }
+        },
+        'skip': 'no longer available',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://my.tv.sohu.com/us/232799889/78693464.shtml',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '78693464',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '【爱范品】第31期：MWC见不到的奇葩手机',
+            'uploader': '爱范儿视频',
+            'duration': 213,
+            'timestamp': 1425519600,
+            'upload_date': '20150305',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://e3f49eaa46b57.cdn.sohucs.com//group1/M10/83/FA/MTAuMTAuODguODA=/6_14cbccdde5eg104SysCutcloud_78693464_7_0b.jpg',
+            'tags': ['爱范儿', '爱范品', 'MWC', '手机'],
         }
     }, {
         'note': 'Multipart video',
@@ -45,6 +58,12 @@ class SohuIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '78910339',
             'title': '【神探苍实战秘籍】第13期 战争之影 赫卡里姆',
+            'uploader': '小苍cany',
+            'duration': 744.0,
+            'timestamp': 1426269360,
+            'upload_date': '20150313',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://e3f49eaa46b57.cdn.sohucs.com//group1/M11/89/57/MTAuMTAuODguODA=/6_14cea022a1dg102SysCutcloud_78910339_8_0b.jpg',
+            'tags': ['小苍MM', '英雄联盟', '实战秘籍'],
         },
         'playlist': [{
             'info_dict': {
@@ -75,6 +94,11 @@ class SohuIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '78932792',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'youtube-dl testing video',
+            'duration': 360,
+            'timestamp': 1426348620,
+            'upload_date': '20150314',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://e3f49eaa46b57.cdn.sohucs.com//group1/M02/8A/00/MTAuMTAuODguNzk=/6_14cee1be192g102SysCutcloud_78932792_7_7b.jpg',
+            'tags': [],
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True
@@ -100,7 +124,7 @@ def _fetch_data(vid_id, mytv=False):
 
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        title = re.sub(r' - 搜狐视频$', '', self._og_search_title(webpage))
+        title = re.sub(r'( - 高清正版在线观看)? - 搜狐视频$', '', self._og_search_title(webpage))
 
         vid = self._html_search_regex(
             r'var vid ?= ?["\'](\d+)["\']',
@@ -132,7 +156,9 @@ def _fetch_data(vid_id, mytv=False):
                 allot = format_data['allot']
 
                 data = format_data['data']
-                clips_url = data['clipsURL']
+                clip_url = traverse_obj(data, (('clipsURL', 'mp4PlayUrl'), i, {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
+                if not clip_url:
+                    raise ExtractorError(f'Unable to extract url for clip {i}')
                 su = data['su']
 
                 video_url = 'newflv.sohu.ccgslb.net'
@@ -142,9 +168,9 @@ def _fetch_data(vid_id, mytv=False):
                 while 'newflv.sohu.ccgslb.net' in video_url:
                     params = {
                         'prot': 9,
-                        'file': clips_url[i],
+                        'file': clip_url,
                         'new': su[i],
-                        'prod': 'flash',
+                        'prod': 'h5n',
                         'rb': 1,
                     }
 
@@ -193,6 +219,75 @@ def _fetch_data(vid_id, mytv=False):
                 'entries': playlist,
                 'id': video_id,
                 'title': title,
+                'duration': traverse_obj(vid_data, ('data', 'totalDuration', {float_or_none})),
             }
 
-        return info
+        if mytv:
+            publish_time = unified_timestamp(self._search_regex(
+                r'publishTime:\s*["\'](\d+-\d+-\d+ \d+:\d+)["\']', webpage, 'publish time', fatal=False))
+        else:
+            publish_time = traverse_obj(vid_data, ('tv_application_time', {unified_timestamp}))
+
+        return {
+            'timestamp': publish_time - 8 * 3600 if publish_time else None,
+            **traverse_obj(vid_data, {
+                'alt_title': ('data', 'subName', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('wm_data', 'wm_username', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('data', 'coverImg', {url_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('data', 'tag', {str.split}),
+            }),
+            **info,
+        }
+
+
+class SohuVIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://tv\.sohu\.com/v/(?P<id>[\w=-]+)\.html(?:$|[#?])'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'note': 'Multipart video',
+        'url': 'https://tv.sohu.com/v/MjAyMzA2MTQvbjYwMTMxNTE5Mi5zaHRtbA==.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '601315192',
+            'title': '《淬火丹心》第1集',
+            'alt_title': '“点天灯”发生事故',
+            'duration': 2701.692,
+            'timestamp': 1686758040,
+            'upload_date': '20230614',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://photocdn.tv.sohu.com/img/20230614/vrsa_hor_1686738763256_454010551.jpg',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 9,
+        'skip': 'Only available in China',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvMjMyNzk5ODg5Lzc4NjkzNDY0LnNodG1s.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '78693464',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '【爱范品】第31期：MWC见不到的奇葩手机',
+            'uploader': '爱范儿视频',
+            'duration': 213,
+            'timestamp': 1425519600,
+            'upload_date': '20150305',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://e3f49eaa46b57.cdn.sohucs.com//group1/M10/83/FA/MTAuMTAuODguODA=/6_14cbccdde5eg104SysCutcloud_78693464_7_0b.jpg',
+            'tags': ['爱范儿', '爱范品', 'MWC', '手机'],
+        }
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Multipart video',
+        'url': 'https://tv.sohu.com/v/dXMvMjQyNTYyMTYzLzc4OTEwMzM5LnNodG1s.html?src=pl',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '78910339',
+            'title': '【神探苍实战秘籍】第13期 战争之影 赫卡里姆',
+            'uploader': '小苍cany',
+            'duration': 744.0,
+            'timestamp': 1426269360,
+            'upload_date': '20150313',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://e3f49eaa46b57.cdn.sohucs.com//group1/M11/89/57/MTAuMTAuODguODA=/6_14cea022a1dg102SysCutcloud_78910339_8_0b.jpg',
+            'tags': ['小苍MM', '英雄联盟', '实战秘籍'],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 3,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        encoded_id = self._match_id(url)
+        path = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(encoded_id).decode()
+        subdomain = 'tv' if re.match(r'\d+/n\d+\.shtml', path) else 'my.tv'
+        return self.url_result(urljoin(f'http://{subdomain}.sohu.com/', path), SohuIE)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
index aaad420f1..437957259 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
@@ -6,10 +6,12 @@
 import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
+    try_call,
     try_get,
 )
 
@@ -77,8 +79,10 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         self._HEADERS['device_id'] = self._get_device_id()
         self._HEADERS['content-type'] = 'application/json'
 
-        if username.lower() == 'token' and len(password) > 1198:
+        if username.lower() == 'token' and try_call(lambda: jwt_decode_hs256(password)):
             self._HEADERS['authorization'] = password
+            self.report_login()
+            return
         elif len(username) != 10 or not username.isdigit():
             raise ExtractorError(f'Invalid username/password; {self._LOGIN_HINT}')
 
@@ -119,12 +123,12 @@ def _call_api(self, version, path, video_id):
                 'https://apiv2.sonyliv.com/AGL/%s/A/ENG/WEB/%s' % (version, path),
                 video_id, headers=self._HEADERS)['resultObj']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 406 and self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)['message'] == 'Please subscribe to watch this content':
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 406 and self._parse_json(
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)['message'] == 'Please subscribe to watch this content':
                 self.raise_login_required(self._LOGIN_HINT, method=None)
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                 message = self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)['message']
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)['message']
                 if message == 'Geoblocked Country':
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
                 raise ExtractorError(message)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
index 979f23f44..a7c2afd49 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
@@ -7,15 +7,13 @@
     InfoExtractor,
     SearchInfoExtractor
 )
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_str,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     error_to_compat_str,
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
-    HEADRequest,
     int_or_none,
     KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     mimetype2ext,
@@ -26,7 +24,6 @@
     update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
     urlhandle_detect_ext,
-    sanitized_Request,
 )
 
 
@@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ def _download_json(self, *args, **kwargs):
             try:
                 return super()._download_json(*args, **kwargs)
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (401, 403):
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status in (401, 403):
                     self._store_client_id(None)
                     self._update_client_id()
                     continue
@@ -123,7 +120,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         self._access_token = password
         query = self._API_AUTH_QUERY_TEMPLATE % self._CLIENT_ID
         payload = {'session': {'access_token': self._access_token}}
-        token_verification = sanitized_Request(self._API_VERIFY_AUTH_TOKEN % query, json.dumps(payload).encode('utf-8'))
+        token_verification = Request(self._API_VERIFY_AUTH_TOKEN % query, json.dumps(payload).encode('utf-8'))
         response = self._download_json(token_verification, None, note='Verifying login token...', fatal=False)
         if response is not False:
             self._HEADERS = {'Authorization': 'OAuth ' + self._access_token}
@@ -212,7 +209,7 @@ def _extract_info_dict(self, info, full_title=None, secret_token=None, extract_f
                 urlh = self._request_webpage(
                     HEADRequest(redirect_url), track_id, fatal=False)
                 if urlh:
-                    format_url = urlh.geturl()
+                    format_url = urlh.url
                     format_urls.add(format_url)
                     formats.append({
                         'format_id': 'download',
@@ -669,7 +666,7 @@ def _entries(self, url, playlist_id):
                 except ExtractorError as e:
                     # Downloading page may result in intermittent 502 HTTP error
                     # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/872
-                    if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) or e.cause.code != 502:
+                    if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status != 502:
                         raise
                     retry.error = e
                     continue
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py
index 453016ccb..493eea2a6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py
@@ -76,7 +76,6 @@ class SovietsClosetIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):
                 'title': 'Arma 3 - Zeus Games #5',
                 'uploader': 'SovietWomble',
                 'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/c0e5e76f-3a93-40b4-bf01-12343c2eec5d/thumbnail\.jpg$',
-                'uploader': 'SovietWomble',
                 'creator': 'SovietWomble',
                 'release_timestamp': 1461157200,
                 'release_date': '20160420',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1308c595d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
@@ -0,0 +1,231 @@
+import time
+
+from .wrestleuniverse import WrestleUniverseBaseIE
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class StacommuBaseIE(WrestleUniverseBaseIE):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'stacommu'
+    _API_HOST = 'api.stacommu.jp'
+    _LOGIN_QUERY = {'key': 'AIzaSyCR9czxhH2eWuijEhTNWBZ5MCcOYEUTAhg'}
+    _LOGIN_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': '*/*',
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        'X-Client-Version': 'Chrome/JsCore/9.9.4/FirebaseCore-web',
+        'Referer': 'https://www.stacommu.jp/',
+        'Origin': 'https://www.stacommu.jp',
+    }
+
+    @WrestleUniverseBaseIE._TOKEN.getter
+    def _TOKEN(self):
+        if self._REAL_TOKEN and self._TOKEN_EXPIRY <= int(time.time()):
+            self._refresh_token()
+
+        return self._REAL_TOKEN
+
+    def _get_formats(self, data, path, video_id=None):
+        if not traverse_obj(data, path) and not data.get('canWatch') and not self._TOKEN:
+            self.raise_login_required(method='password')
+        return super()._get_formats(data, path, video_id)
+
+    def _extract_hls_key(self, data, path, decrypt):
+        encryption_data = traverse_obj(data, path)
+        if traverse_obj(encryption_data, ('encryptType', {int})) == 0:
+            return None
+        return traverse_obj(encryption_data, {'key': ('key', {decrypt}), 'iv': ('iv', {decrypt})})
+
+    def _extract_vod(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        video_info = self._download_metadata(
+            url, video_id, 'ja', ('dehydratedState', 'queries', 0, 'state', 'data'))
+        hls_info, decrypt = self._call_encrypted_api(
+            video_id, ':watch', 'stream information', data={'method': 1})
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._get_formats(hls_info, ('protocolHls', 'url', {url_or_none}), video_id),
+            'hls_aes': self._extract_hls_key(hls_info, 'protocolHls', decrypt),
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'title': ('displayName', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('watchStartTime', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('keyVisualUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'cast': ('casts', ..., 'displayName', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _extract_ppv(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        video_info = self._call_api(video_id, msg='video information', query={'al': 'ja'}, auth=False)
+        hls_info, decrypt = self._call_encrypted_api(
+            video_id, ':watchArchive', 'stream information', data={'method': 1})
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._get_formats(hls_info, ('hls', 'urls', ..., {url_or_none}), video_id),
+            'hls_aes': self._extract_hls_key(hls_info, 'hls', decrypt),
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'title': ('displayName', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('startTime', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('keyVisualUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class StacommuVODIE(StacommuBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.stacommu\.jp/(?:en/)?videos/episodes/(?P<id>[\da-zA-Z]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # not encrypted
+        'url': 'https://www.stacommu.jp/videos/episodes/aXcVKjHyAENEjard61soZZ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'aXcVKjHyAENEjard61soZZ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'スタコミュAWARDの裏側、ほぼ全部見せます！〜晴れ舞台の直前ドキドキ編〜',
+            'description': 'md5:6400275c57ae75c06da36b06f96beb1c',
+            'timestamp': 1679652000,
+            'upload_date': '20230324',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://image.stacommu.jp/6eLobQan8PFtBoU4RL4uGg/6eLobQan8PFtBoU4RL4uGg',
+            'cast': 'count:11',
+            'duration': 250,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # encrypted; requires a premium account
+        'url': 'https://www.stacommu.jp/videos/episodes/3hybMByUvzMEqndSeu5LpD',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3hybMByUvzMEqndSeu5LpD',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'スタプラフェス2023〜裏側ほぼ全部見せます〜＃10',
+            'description': 'md5:85494488ccf1dfa1934accdeadd7b340',
+            'timestamp': 1682506800,
+            'upload_date': '20230426',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://image.stacommu.jp/eMdXtEefR4kEyJJMpAFi7x/eMdXtEefR4kEyJJMpAFi7x',
+            'cast': 'count:55',
+            'duration': 312,
+            'hls_aes': {
+                'key': '6bbaf241b8e1fd9f59ecf546a70e4ae7',
+                'iv': '1fc9002a23166c3bb1d240b953d09de9',
+            },
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.stacommu.jp/en/videos/episodes/aXcVKjHyAENEjard61soZZ',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _API_PATH = 'videoEpisodes'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self._extract_vod(url)
+
+
+class StacommuLiveIE(StacommuBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.stacommu\.jp/(?:en/)?live/(?P<id>[\da-zA-Z]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.stacommu.jp/live/d2FJ3zLnndegZJCAEzGM3m',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'd2FJ3zLnndegZJCAEzGM3m',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '仲村悠菜 2023/05/04',
+            'timestamp': 1683195647,
+            'upload_date': '20230504',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://image.stacommu.jp/pHGF57SPEHE2ke83FS92FN/pHGF57SPEHE2ke83FS92FN',
+            'duration': 5322,
+            'hls_aes': {
+                'key': 'efbb3ec0b8246f61adf1764c5a51213a',
+                'iv': '80621d19a1f19167b64cedb415b05d1c',
+            },
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.stacommu.jp/en/live/d2FJ3zLnndegZJCAEzGM3m',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _API_PATH = 'events'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self._extract_ppv(url)
+
+
+class TheaterComplexTownBaseIE(StacommuBaseIE):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'theatercomplextown'
+    _API_HOST = 'api.theater-complex.town'
+    _LOGIN_QUERY = {'key': 'AIzaSyAgNCqToaIz4a062EeIrkhI_xetVfAOrfc'}
+    _LOGIN_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': '*/*',
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        'X-Client-Version': 'Chrome/JsCore/9.23.0/FirebaseCore-web',
+        'Referer': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/',
+        'Origin': 'https://www.theater-complex.town',
+    }
+
+
+class TheaterComplexTownVODIE(TheaterComplexTownBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theater-complex\.town/(?:en/)?videos/episodes/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'theatercomplextown:vod'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/videos/episodes/hoxqidYNoAn7bP92DN6p78',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'hoxqidYNoAn7bP92DN6p78',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '演劇ドラフトグランプリ2023　劇団『恋のぼり』〜劇団名決定秘話ラジオ',
+            'description': 'md5:a7e2e9cf570379ea67fb630f345ff65d',
+            'cast': ['玉城 裕規', '石川 凌雅'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://image.theater-complex.town/5URnXX6KCeDysuFrPkP38o/5URnXX6KCeDysuFrPkP38o',
+            'upload_date': '20231103',
+            'timestamp': 1699016400,
+            'duration': 868,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/en/videos/episodes/6QT7XYwM9dJz5Gf9VB6K5y',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _API_PATH = 'videoEpisodes'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self._extract_vod(url)
+
+
+class TheaterComplexTownPPVIE(TheaterComplexTownBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theater-complex\.town/(?:en/)?ppv/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'theatercomplextown:ppv'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/ppv/wytW3X7khrjJBUpKuV3jen',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'wytW3X7khrjJBUpKuV3jen',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'BREAK FREE STARS　11月5日（日）12:30千秋楽公演',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://image.theater-complex.town/5GWEB31JcTUfjtgdeV5t6o/5GWEB31JcTUfjtgdeV5t6o',
+            'upload_date': '20231105',
+            'timestamp': 1699155000,
+            'duration': 8378,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/en/ppv/wytW3X7khrjJBUpKuV3jen',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _API_PATH = 'events'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self._extract_ppv(url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/stageplus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/stageplus.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4bed4d646
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stageplus.py
@@ -0,0 +1,515 @@
+import json
+import uuid
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    float_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class StagePlusVODConcertIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'stageplus'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?stage-plus\.com/video/(?P<id>vod_concert_\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.stage-plus.com/video/vod_concert_APNM8GRFDPHMASJKBSPJACG',
+        'playlist_count': 6,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'vod_concert_APNM8GRFDPHMASJKBSPJACG',
+            'title': 'Yuja Wang plays Rachmaninoff\'s Piano Concerto No. 2 – from Odeonsplatz',
+            'description': 'md5:50f78ec180518c9bdb876bac550996fc',
+            'artist': ['Yuja Wang', 'Lorenzo Viotti'],
+            'upload_date': '20230331',
+            'timestamp': 1680249600,
+            'release_date': '20210709',
+            'release_timestamp': 1625788800,
+            'thumbnails': 'count:3',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'performance_work_A1IN4PJFE9MM2RJ3CLBMUSJBBSOJAD9O',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Piano Concerto No. 2 in C Minor, Op. 18',
+                'description': 'md5:50f78ec180518c9bdb876bac550996fc',
+                'upload_date': '20230331',
+                'timestamp': 1680249600,
+                'release_date': '20210709',
+                'release_timestamp': 1625788800,
+                'duration': 2207,
+                'chapters': 'count:5',
+                'artist': ['Yuja Wang'],
+                'composer': ['Sergei Rachmaninoff'],
+                'album': 'Yuja Wang plays Rachmaninoff\'s Piano Concerto No. 2 – from Odeonsplatz',
+                'album_artist': ['Yuja Wang', 'Lorenzo Viotti'],
+                'track': 'Piano Concerto No. 2 in C Minor, Op. 18',
+                'track_number': 1,
+                'genre': 'Instrumental Concerto',
+            },
+        }],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    # TODO: Prune this after livestream and/or album extractors are added
+    _GRAPHQL_QUERY = '''query videoDetailPage($videoId: ID!, $sliderItemsFirst: Int = 24) {
+  node(id: $videoId) {
+    __typename
+    ...LiveConcertFields
+    ... on LiveConcert {
+      artists {
+        edges {
+          role {
+            ...RoleFields
+          }
+          node {
+            id
+            name
+            sortName
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      isAtmos
+      maxResolution
+      groups {
+        id
+        name
+        typeDisplayName
+      }
+      shortDescription
+      performanceWorks {
+        ...livePerformanceWorkFields
+      }
+      totalDuration
+      sliders {
+        ...contentContainerFields
+      }
+      vodConcert {
+        __typename
+        id
+      }
+    }
+    ...VideoFields
+    ... on Video {
+      artists {
+        edges {
+          role {
+            ...RoleFields
+          }
+          node {
+            id
+            name
+            sortName
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      isAtmos
+      maxResolution
+      isLossless
+      description
+      productionDate
+      takedownDate
+      sliders {
+        ...contentContainerFields
+      }
+    }
+    ...VodConcertFields
+    ... on VodConcert {
+      artists {
+        edges {
+          role {
+            ...RoleFields
+          }
+          node {
+            id
+            name
+            sortName
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      isAtmos
+      maxResolution
+      groups {
+        id
+        name
+        typeDisplayName
+      }
+      performanceWorks {
+        ...PerformanceWorkFields
+      }
+      shortDescription
+      productionDate
+      takedownDate
+      sliders {
+        ...contentContainerFields
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+fragment LiveConcertFields on LiveConcert {
+  endTime
+  id
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+  reruns {
+    ...liveConcertRerunFields
+  }
+  publicationLevel
+  startTime
+  streamStartTime
+  subtitle
+  title
+  typeDisplayName
+  stream {
+    ...liveStreamFields
+  }
+  trailerStream {
+    ...streamFields
+  }
+  geoAccessCountries
+  geoAccessMode
+}
+
+fragment PictureFields on Picture {
+  id
+  url
+  type
+}
+
+fragment liveConcertRerunFields on LiveConcertRerun {
+  streamStartTime
+  endTime
+  startTime
+  stream {
+    ...rerunStreamFields
+  }
+}
+
+fragment rerunStreamFields on RerunStream {
+  publicationLevel
+  streamType
+  url
+}
+
+fragment liveStreamFields on LiveStream {
+  publicationLevel
+  streamType
+  url
+}
+
+fragment streamFields on Stream {
+  publicationLevel
+  streamType
+  url
+}
+
+fragment RoleFields on Role {
+  __typename
+  id
+  type
+  displayName
+}
+
+fragment livePerformanceWorkFields on LivePerformanceWork {
+  __typename
+  id
+  artists {
+    ...artistWithRoleFields
+  }
+  groups {
+    edges {
+      node {
+        id
+        name
+        typeDisplayName
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  work {
+    ...workFields
+  }
+}
+
+fragment artistWithRoleFields on ArtistWithRoleConnection {
+  edges {
+    role {
+      ...RoleFields
+    }
+    node {
+      id
+      name
+      sortName
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+fragment workFields on Work {
+  id
+  title
+  movements {
+    id
+    title
+  }
+  composers {
+    id
+    name
+  }
+  genre {
+    id
+    title
+  }
+}
+
+fragment contentContainerFields on CuratedContentContainer {
+  __typename
+  ...SliderFields
+  ...BannerFields
+}
+
+fragment SliderFields on Slider {
+  id
+  headline
+  items(first: $sliderItemsFirst) {
+    edges {
+      node {
+        id
+        __typename
+        ...AlbumFields
+        ...ArtistFields
+        ...EpochFields
+        ...GenreFields
+        ...GroupFields
+        ...LiveConcertFields
+        ...PartnerFields
+        ...PerformanceWorkFields
+        ...VideoFields
+        ...VodConcertFields
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+fragment AlbumFields on Album {
+  artistAndGroupDisplayInfo
+  id
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+  title
+}
+
+fragment ArtistFields on Artist {
+  id
+  name
+  roles {
+    ...RoleFields
+  }
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+}
+
+fragment EpochFields on Epoch {
+  id
+  endYear
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+  startYear
+  title
+}
+
+fragment GenreFields on Genre {
+  id
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+  title
+}
+
+fragment GroupFields on Group {
+  id
+  name
+  typeDisplayName
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+}
+
+fragment PartnerFields on Partner {
+  id
+  name
+  typeDisplayName
+  subtypeDisplayName
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+}
+
+fragment PerformanceWorkFields on PerformanceWork {
+  __typename
+  id
+  artists {
+    ...artistWithRoleFields
+  }
+  groups {
+    edges {
+      node {
+        id
+        name
+        typeDisplayName
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  work {
+    ...workFields
+  }
+  stream {
+    ...streamFields
+  }
+  vodConcert {
+    __typename
+    id
+  }
+  duration
+  cuePoints {
+    mark
+    title
+  }
+}
+
+fragment VideoFields on Video {
+  id
+  archiveReleaseDate
+  title
+  subtitle
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+  stream {
+    ...streamFields
+  }
+  trailerStream {
+    ...streamFields
+  }
+  duration
+  typeDisplayName
+  duration
+  geoAccessCountries
+  geoAccessMode
+  publicationLevel
+  takedownDate
+}
+
+fragment VodConcertFields on VodConcert {
+  id
+  archiveReleaseDate
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+  subtitle
+  title
+  typeDisplayName
+  totalDuration
+  geoAccessCountries
+  geoAccessMode
+  trailerStream {
+   ...streamFields
+  }
+  publicationLevel
+  takedownDate
+}
+
+fragment BannerFields on Banner {
+  description
+  link
+  pictures {
+    ...PictureFields
+  }
+  title
+}'''
+
+    _TOKEN = None
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        auth = self._download_json('https://audience.api.stageplus.io/oauth/token', None, headers={
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'Origin': 'https://www.stage-plus.com',
+        }, data=json.dumps({
+            'grant_type': 'password',
+            'username': username,
+            'password': password,
+            'device_info': 'Chrome (Windows)',
+            'client_device_id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+        }, separators=(',', ':')).encode(), note='Logging in')
+
+        if auth.get('access_token'):
+            self._TOKEN = auth['access_token']
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if self._TOKEN:
+            return
+
+        self._TOKEN = try_call(
+            lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.stage-plus.com/')['dgplus_access_token'].value)
+        if not self._TOKEN:
+            self.raise_login_required()
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        concert_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        data = self._download_json('https://audience.api.stageplus.io/graphql', concert_id, headers={
+            'authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}',
+            'content-type': 'application/json',
+            'Origin': 'https://www.stage-plus.com',
+        }, data=json.dumps({
+            'query': self._GRAPHQL_QUERY,
+            'variables': {'videoId': concert_id},
+            'operationName': 'videoDetailPage'
+        }, separators=(',', ':')).encode())['data']['node']
+
+        metadata = traverse_obj(data, {
+            'title': 'title',
+            'description': ('shortDescription', {str}),
+            'artist': ('artists', 'edges', ..., 'node', 'name'),
+            'timestamp': ('archiveReleaseDate', {unified_timestamp}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('productionDate', {unified_timestamp}),
+        })
+
+        thumbnails = traverse_obj(data, ('pictures', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']), {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+        })) or None
+
+        entries = []
+        for idx, video in enumerate(traverse_obj(data, (
+                'performanceWorks', lambda _, v: v['id'] and url_or_none(v['stream']['url']))), 1):
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                video['stream']['url'], video['id'], 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', query={'token': self._TOKEN})
+            entries.append({
+                'id': video['id'],
+                'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
+                'album': metadata.get('title'),
+                'album_artist': metadata.get('artist'),
+                'track_number': idx,
+                **metadata,
+                **traverse_obj(video, {
+                    'title': ('work', 'title'),
+                    'track': ('work', 'title'),
+                    'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+                    'chapters': (
+                        'cuePoints', lambda _, v: float_or_none(v['mark']) is not None, {
+                            'title': 'title',
+                            'start_time': ('mark', {float_or_none}),
+                        }),
+                    'artist': ('artists', 'edges', ..., 'node', 'name'),
+                    'composer': ('work', 'composers', ..., 'name'),
+                    'genre': ('work', 'genre', 'title'),
+                }),
+            })
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, concert_id, thumbnails=thumbnails, **metadata)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/streamanity.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/streamanity.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 6eaee52d9..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/streamanity.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-
-
-class StreamanityIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?streamanity\.com/video/(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://streamanity.com/video/9DFPTnuYi8f2',
-        'md5': '6ab171e8d4a02ad5dcbff6bea44cf5a1',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '9DFPTnuYi8f2',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Bitcoin vs The Lighting Network',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://res\.cloudinary\.com/.+\.png',
-            'description': '',
-            'uploader': 'Tom Bombadil (Freddy78)',
-        }
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://streamanity.com/video/JktOUjSlfzTD',
-        'md5': '31f131e28abd3377c38be586a59532dc',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'JktOUjSlfzTD',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Share data when you see it',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://res\.cloudinary\.com/.+\.png',
-            'description': 'Reposting as data should be public and stored on blockchain',
-            'uploader': 'digitalcurrencydaily',
-        }
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        video_info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://app.streamanity.com/api/video/{video_id}', video_id)['data']['video']
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            f'https://stream.mux.com/{video_info["play_id"]}.m3u8?token={video_info["token"]}',
-            video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': video_info['title'],
-            'description': video_info.get('description'),
-            'uploader': video_info.get('author_name'),
-            'is_live': False,
-            'thumbnail': video_info.get('thumb'),
-            'formats': formats,
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
index 4d2fb0608..b9523c865 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
@@ -42,14 +42,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         elif not traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'isLive'), expected_type=bool):
             raise UserNotLive(video_id=video_id)
 
-        server = traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'viewServers', 'flashphoner-hls'), expected_type=str)
         model_id = traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'id'), expected_type=int)
 
         formats = []
         for host in traverse_obj(data, ('config', 'data', (
                 (('features', 'featuresV2'), 'hlsFallback', 'fallbackDomains', ...), 'hlsStreamHost'))):
             formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                f'https://b-{server}.{host}/hls/{model_id}/master/{model_id}_auto.m3u8',
+                f'https://edge-hls.{host}/hls/{model_id}/master/{model_id}_auto.m3u8',
                 video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False, live=True)
             if formats:
                 break
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py
index fa3826388..6ee3f75e1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import str_or_none, traverse_obj
+from ..utils import js_to_json, str_or_none, traverse_obj
 
 
 class SubstackIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ class SubstackIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '47660949',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'I MADE A VLOG',
-            'description': 'md5:10c01ff93439a62e70ce963b2aa0b7f6',
+            'description': 'md5:9248af9a759321e1027226f988f54d96',
             'thumbnail': 'md5:bec758a34d8ee9142d43bcebdf33af18',
             'uploader': 'Maybe Baby',
             'uploader_id': '33628',
@@ -50,16 +50,16 @@ def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
         if not re.search(r'<script[^>]+src=["\']https://substackcdn.com/[^"\']+\.js', webpage):
             return
 
-        mobj = re.search(r'{[^}]*["\']subdomain["\']\s*:\s*["\'](?P<subdomain>[^"]+)', webpage)
+        mobj = re.search(r'{[^}]*\\?["\']subdomain\\?["\']\s*:\s*\\?["\'](?P<subdomain>[^\\"\']+)', webpage)
         if mobj:
             parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
             yield parsed._replace(netloc=f'{mobj.group("subdomain")}.substack.com').geturl()
             raise cls.StopExtraction()
 
-    def _extract_video_formats(self, video_id, username):
+    def _extract_video_formats(self, video_id, url):
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
         for video_format in ('hls', 'mp4'):
-            video_url = f'https://{username}.substack.com/api/v1/video/upload/{video_id}/src?type={video_format}'
+            video_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(url, f'/api/v1/video/upload/{video_id}/src?type={video_format}')
 
             if video_format == 'hls':
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(video_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False)
@@ -77,14 +77,21 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id, username = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'username')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
 
-        webpage_info = self._search_json(r'<script[^>]*>\s*window\._preloads\s*=', webpage, 'preloads', display_id)
+        webpage_info = self._parse_json(self._search_json(
+            r'window\._preloads\s*=\s*JSON\.parse\(', webpage, 'json string',
+            display_id, transform_source=js_to_json, contains_pattern=r'"{(?s:.+)}"'), display_id)
+
+        canonical_url = url
+        domain = traverse_obj(webpage_info, ('domainInfo', 'customDomain', {str}))
+        if domain:
+            canonical_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)._replace(netloc=domain).geturl()
 
         post_type = webpage_info['post']['type']
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
         if post_type == 'podcast':
             formats, subtitles = [{'url': webpage_info['post']['podcast_url']}], {}
         elif post_type == 'video':
-            formats, subtitles = self._extract_video_formats(webpage_info['post']['videoUpload']['id'], username)
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_video_formats(webpage_info['post']['videoUpload']['id'], canonical_url)
         else:
             self.raise_no_formats(f'Page type "{post_type}" is not supported')
 
@@ -97,4 +104,5 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'thumbnail': traverse_obj(webpage_info, ('post', 'cover_image')),
             'uploader': traverse_obj(webpage_info, ('pub', 'name')),
             'uploader_id': str_or_none(traverse_obj(webpage_info, ('post', 'publication_id'))),
+            'webpage_url': canonical_url,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sverigesradio.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sverigesradio.py
index 65da615d0..01a07b399 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sverigesradio.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sverigesradio.py
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_id,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
     int_or_none,
     str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
@@ -21,7 +26,15 @@ class SverigesRadioBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        audio_id = self._match_id(url)
+        audio_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'slug')
+        if not audio_id:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+            audio_id = (
+                traverse_obj(
+                    get_element_html_by_class('audio-button', webpage),
+                    ({extract_attributes}, ('data-audio-id', 'data-publication-id')), get_all=False)
+                or self._parse_json(get_element_by_id('gtm-metadata', webpage), display_id)['pageId'])
+
         query = {
             'id': audio_id,
             'type': self._AUDIO_TYPE,
@@ -30,7 +43,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         item = self._download_json(
             self._BASE_URL + 'audiometadata', audio_id,
             'Downloading audio JSON metadata', query=query)['items'][0]
-        title = item['subtitle']
 
         query['format'] = 'iis'
         urls = []
@@ -61,18 +73,20 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         return {
             'id': audio_id,
-            'title': title,
             'formats': formats,
-            'series': item.get('title'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(item.get('duration')),
-            'thumbnail': item.get('displayimageurl'),
-            'description': item.get('description'),
+            **traverse_obj(item, {
+                'title': 'subtitle',
+                'series': 'title',
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('displayimageurl', {url_or_none}),
+                'description': 'description',
+            }),
         }
 
 
 class SverigesRadioPublicationIE(SverigesRadioBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'sverigesradio:publication'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?sverigesradio\.se/sida/(?:artikel|gruppsida)\.aspx\?.*?\bartikel=(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?sverigesradio\.se/(?:sida/)?(?:artikel|gruppsida)(?:\.aspx\?.*?\bartikel=(?P<id>[0-9]+)|/(?P<slug>[\w-]+))'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://sverigesradio.se/sida/artikel.aspx?programid=83&artikel=7038546',
         'md5': '6a4917e1923fccb080e5a206a5afa542',
@@ -85,6 +99,18 @@ class SverigesRadioPublicationIE(SverigesRadioBaseIE):
             'description': 'md5:daf7ce66a8f0a53d5465a5984d3839df',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://sverigesradio.se/artikel/tysk-fotbollsfeber-bayern-munchens-10-ariga-segersvit-kan-brytas',
+        'md5': 'f8a914ad50f491bb74eed403ab4bfef6',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '8360345',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'Tysk fotbollsfeber när Bayern Münchens 10-åriga segersvit kan brytas',
+            'series': 'Radiosporten',
+            'description': 'md5:5254610e20ce527ecb3a6102a06dcc5f',
+            'duration': 72,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://sverigesradio.se/sida/gruppsida.aspx?programid=3304&grupp=6247&artikel=7146887',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -94,8 +120,8 @@ class SverigesRadioPublicationIE(SverigesRadioBaseIE):
 
 class SverigesRadioEpisodeIE(SverigesRadioBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'sverigesradio:episode'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?sverigesradio\.se/(?:sida/)?avsnitt/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
-    _TEST = {
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?sverigesradio\.se/(?:sida/)?avsnitt/(?:(?P<id>\d+)|(?P<slug>[\w-]+))(?:$|[#?])'
+    _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://sverigesradio.se/avsnitt/1140922?programid=1300',
         'md5': '20dc4d8db24228f846be390b0c59a07c',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -106,6 +132,18 @@ class SverigesRadioEpisodeIE(SverigesRadioBaseIE):
             'title': 'Metoo och valen',
             'description': 'md5:fcb5c1f667f00badcc702b196f10a27e',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-        }
-    }
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://sverigesradio.se/avsnitt/p4-live-med-first-aid-kit-scandinavium-mars-2023',
+        'md5': 'ce17fb82520a8033dbb846993d5589fe',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2160416',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'P4 Live med First Aid Kit',
+            'description': 'md5:6d5b78eed3d2b65f6de04daa45e9285d',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'series': 'P4 Live',
+            'duration': 5640,
+        },
+    }]
     _AUDIO_TYPE = 'episode'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
index 31bf7f97e..18da87534 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import json
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -6,10 +7,11 @@
     determine_ext,
     dict_get,
     int_or_none,
-    unified_timestamp,
     str_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
+    unified_timestamp,
 )
 
 
@@ -163,10 +165,46 @@ class SVTPlayIE(SVTPlayBaseIE):
             },
         },
         'params': {
-            # skip for now due to download test asserts that segment is > 10000 bytes and svt uses
-            # init segments that are smaller
-            # AssertionError: Expected test_SVTPlay_jNwpV9P.mp4 to be at least 9.77KiB, but it's only 864.00B
-            'skip_download': True,
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Episode is no longer available',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.svtplay.se/video/emBxBQj',
+        'md5': '2382036fd6f8c994856c323fe51c426e',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'eyBd9aj',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '1. Farlig kryssning',
+            'timestamp': 1491019200,
+            'upload_date': '20170401',
+            'duration': 2566,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://(?:.*[\.-]jpg|www.svtstatic.se/image/.*)$',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'episode': '1. Farlig kryssning',
+            'series': 'Rederiet',
+            'subtitles': {
+                'sv': 'count:3'
+            },
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.svtplay.se/video/jz2rYz7/anders-hansen-moter/james-fallon?info=visa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'jvXAGVb',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'James Fallon',
+            'timestamp': 1673917200,
+            'upload_date': '20230117',
+            'duration': 1081,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://(?:.*[\.-]jpg|www.svtstatic.se/image/.*)$',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'episode': 'James Fallon',
+            'series': 'Anders Hansen möter...',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'dash',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.svtplay.se/video/30479064/husdrommar/husdrommar-sasong-8-designdrommar-i-stenungsund?modalId=8zVbDPA',
@@ -247,15 +285,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 data, lambda x: x['statistics']['dataLake']['content']['id'],
                 compat_str)
 
+        if not svt_id:
+            nextjs_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, fatal=False)
+            svt_id = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (
+                'props', 'urqlState', ..., 'data', {json.loads}, 'detailsPageByPath',
+                'video', 'svtId', {str}), get_all=False)
+
         if not svt_id:
             svt_id = self._search_regex(
                 (r'<video[^>]+data-video-id=["\']([\da-zA-Z-]+)',
-                 r'<[^>]+\bdata-rt=["\']top-area-play-button["\'][^>]+\bhref=["\'][^"\']*video/%s/[^"\']*\b(?:modalId|id)=([\da-zA-Z-]+)' % re.escape(video_id),
-                 r'["\']videoSvtId["\']\s*:\s*["\']([\da-zA-Z-]+)',
-                 r'["\']videoSvtId\\?["\']\s*:\s*\\?["\']([\da-zA-Z-]+)',
-                 r'"content"\s*:\s*{.*?"id"\s*:\s*"([\da-zA-Z-]+)"',
-                 r'["\']svtId["\']\s*:\s*["\']([\da-zA-Z-]+)',
-                 r'["\']svtId\\?["\']\s*:\s*\\?["\']([\da-zA-Z-]+)'),
+                 r'<[^>]+\bdata-rt=["\']top-area-play-button["\'][^>]+\bhref=["\'][^"\']*video/[\w-]+/[^"\']*\b(?:modalId|id)=([\w-]+)'),
                 webpage, 'video id')
 
         info_dict = self._extract_by_video_id(svt_id, webpage)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/syfy.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/syfy.py
index c79d27a0d..afcdbf780 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/syfy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/syfy.py
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ class SyfyIE(AdobePassIE):
             'skip_download': True,
         },
         'add_ie': ['ThePlatform'],
+        'skip': 'Redirects to main page',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tagesschau.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tagesschau.py
index ea0532c24..e23b490b0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tagesschau.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tagesschau.py
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    js_to_json,
+    UnsupportedError,
     extract_attributes,
-    try_get,
     int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    try_get,
 )
 
 
@@ -14,36 +16,38 @@ class TagesschauIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/video/video-102143.html',
-        'md5': '7a7287612fa881a1ae1d087df45c2fd6',
+        'md5': 'ccb9359bf8c4795836e43759f3408a93',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'video-102143-1',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Regierungsumbildung in Athen: Neue Minister in Griechenland vereidigt',
+            'duration': 138,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/sendung/ts-5727.html',
-        'md5': '3c54c1f6243d279b706bde660ceec633',
+        'md5': '5c15e8f3da049e48829ec9786d835536',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'ts-5727-1',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Ganze Sendung',
+            'duration': 932,
         },
     }, {
         # exclusive audio
         'url': 'http://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/audio/audio-29417.html',
-        'md5': '4cf22023c285f35e99c24d290ba58cc9',
+        'md5': '4bff8f23504df56a0d86ed312d654182',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'audio-29417-1',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'title': 'Brasilianischer Präsident Bolsonaro unter Druck: Corona-Bericht wird vorgestellt',
+            'title': 'EU-Gipfel: Im Verbrennerstreit hat Deutschland maximalen Schaden angerichtet',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/bnd-303.html',
-        'md5': '12cfb212d9325b5ba0d52b625f1aa61c',
+        'md5': 'f049fa1698d7564e9ca4c3325108f034',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'bnd-303-1',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'SPD-Gruppenbild mit Bärbel Bas nach der Fraktionssitzung | dpa',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Das Siegel des Bundesnachrichtendienstes | dpa',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.tagesschau.de/inland/afd-parteitag-135.html',
@@ -51,13 +55,24 @@ class TagesschauIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'afd-parteitag-135',
             'title': 'AfD',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 20,
+        'playlist_mincount': 15,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/audio/audio-29417~player.html',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'audio-29417-1',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'title': 'Brasilianischer Präsident Bolsonaro unter Druck: Corona-Bericht wird vorgestellt',
+            'title': 'EU-Gipfel: Im Verbrennerstreit hat Deutschland maximalen Schaden angerichtet',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/audio/podcast-11km-327.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'podcast-11km-327',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Gewalt in der Kita – Wenn Erzieher:innen schweigen',
+            'upload_date': '20230322',
+            'timestamp': 1679482808,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/audio/podcast-11km-329~_v-original.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:dad059931fe4b3693e3656e93a249848',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.tagesschau.de/multimedia/sendung/tsg-3771.html',
@@ -117,7 +132,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 formats = []
                 if media_url.endswith('master.m3u8'):
                     formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(media_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
-                elif media_url.endswith('.hi.mp3') and media_url.startswith('https://download'):
+                elif media_url.endswith('.mp3'):
                     formats = [{
                         'url': media_url,
                         'vcodec': 'none',
@@ -130,20 +145,19 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'duration': int_or_none(try_get(video, lambda x: x['mc']['_duration'])),
                     'formats': formats
                 })
+
+        if not entries:
+            raise UnsupportedError(url)
+
         if len(entries) > 1:
             return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id, title)
-        formats = entries[0]['formats']
-        video_info = self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id)
-        description = video_info.get('description')
-        thumbnail = self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage) or video_info.get('thumbnail')
-        timestamp = video_info.get('timestamp')
-        title = title or video_info.get('description')
 
         return {
             'id': display_id,
             'title': title,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'timestamp': timestamp,
-            'description': description,
+            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
+            'formats': entries[0]['formats'],
+            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(self._html_search_meta('date', webpage)),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'duration': entries[0]['duration'],
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..77ddeca32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,152 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
+    int_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    urljoin,
+)
+
+
+class TBSJPEpisodeIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://cu\.tbs\.co\.jp/episode/(?P<id>[\d_]+)'
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://cu.tbs.co.jp/episode/23613_2044134_1000049010',
+        'skip': 'streams geo-restricted, Japan only. Also, will likely expire eventually',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'VIVANT 第三話 誤送金完結へ!絶体絶命の反撃開始',
+            'id': '23613_2044134_1000049010',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20230728',
+            'duration': 3517,
+            'release_timestamp': 1691118230,
+            'episode': '第三話 誤送金完結へ!絶体絶命の反撃開始',
+            'release_date': '20230804',
+            'categories': 'count:11',
+            'episode_number': 3,
+            'timestamp': 1690522538,
+            'description': 'md5:2b796341af1ef772034133174ba4a895',
+            'series': 'VIVANT',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        meta = self._search_json(r'window\.app\s*=', webpage, 'episode info', video_id, fatal=False)
+        episode = traverse_obj(meta, ('falcorCache', 'catalog', 'episode', video_id, 'value'))
+
+        tf_path = self._search_regex(
+            r'<script[^>]+src=["\'](/assets/tf\.[^"\']+\.js)["\']', webpage, 'stream API config')
+        tf_js = self._download_webpage(urljoin(url, tf_path), video_id, note='Downloading stream API config')
+        video_url = self._search_regex(r'videoPlaybackUrl:\s*[\'"]([^\'"]+)[\'"]', tf_js, 'stream API url')
+        api_key = self._search_regex(r'api_key:\s*[\'"]([^\'"]+)[\'"]', tf_js, 'stream API key')
+
+        try:
+            source_meta = self._download_json(f'{video_url}ref:{video_id}', video_id,
+                                              headers={'X-Streaks-Api-Key': api_key},
+                                              note='Downloading stream metadata')
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['JP'])
+            raise
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for src in traverse_obj(source_meta, ('sources', ..., 'src')):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(src, video_id, fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        return {
+            'title': try_call(lambda: clean_html(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h3', webpage)[0])),
+            'id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(episode, {
+                'categories': ('keywords', {list}),
+                'id': ('content_id', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', 0, 'value'),
+                'timestamp': ('created_at', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('pub_date', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'duration': ('tv_episode_info', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('tv_episode_info', 'episode_number', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode': ('title', lambda _, v: not v.get('is_phonetic'), 'value'),
+                'series': ('custom_data', 'program_name'),
+            }, get_all=False),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
+
+
+class TBSJPProgramIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://cu\.tbs\.co\.jp/program/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://cu.tbs.co.jp/program/23601',
+        'playlist_mincount': 4,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '23601',
+            'categories': ['エンタメ', 'ミライカプセル', '会社', '働く', 'バラエティ', '動画'],
+            'description': '幼少期の夢は大人になって、どう成長したのだろうか？\nそしてその夢は今後、どのように広がっていくのか？\nいま話題の会社で働く人の「夢の成長」を描く',
+            'series': 'ミライカプセル　-I have a dream-',
+            'title': 'ミライカプセル　-I have a dream-'
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        programme_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, programme_id)
+        meta = self._search_json(r'window\.app\s*=', webpage, 'programme info', programme_id)
+
+        programme = traverse_obj(meta, ('falcorCache', 'catalog', 'program', programme_id, 'false', 'value'))
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'entries': [self.url_result(f'https://cu.tbs.co.jp/episode/{video_id}', TBSJPEpisodeIE, video_id)
+                        for video_id in traverse_obj(programme, ('custom_data', 'seriesList', 'episodeCode', ...))],
+            'id': programme_id,
+            **traverse_obj(programme, {
+                'categories': ('keywords', ...),
+                'id': ('tv_episode_info', 'show_content_id', {str_or_none}),
+                'description': ('custom_data', 'program_description'),
+                'series': ('custom_data', 'program_name'),
+                'title': ('custom_data', 'program_name'),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class TBSJPPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://cu\.tbs\.co\.jp/playlist/(?P<id>[\da-f]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://cu.tbs.co.jp/playlist/184f9970e7ba48e4915f1b252c55015e',
+        'playlist_mincount': 4,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'まもなく配信終了',
+            'id': '184f9970e7ba48e4915f1b252c55015e',
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        page = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+        meta = self._search_json(r'window\.app\s*=', page, 'playlist info', playlist_id)
+        playlist = traverse_obj(meta, ('falcorCache', 'playList', playlist_id))
+
+        def entries():
+            for entry in traverse_obj(playlist, ('catalogs', 'value', lambda _, v: v['content_id'])):
+                # TODO: it's likely possible to get all metadata from the playlist page json instead
+                content_id = entry['content_id']
+                content_type = entry.get('content_type')
+                if content_type == 'tv_show':
+                    yield self.url_result(
+                        f'https://cu.tbs.co.jp/program/{content_id}', TBSJPProgramIE, content_id)
+                elif content_type == 'tv_episode':
+                    yield self.url_result(
+                        f'https://cu.tbs.co.jp/episode/{content_id}', TBSJPEpisodeIE, content_id)
+                else:
+                    self.report_warning(f'Skipping "{content_id}" with unsupported content_type "{content_type}"')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(), playlist_id, traverse_obj(playlist, ('display_name', 'value')))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/teachable.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/teachable.py
index c212a4926..01906bda9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/teachable.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/teachable.py
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ def is_logged(webpage):
             self._logged_in = True
             return
 
-        login_url = urlh.geturl()
+        login_url = urlh.url
 
         login_form = self._hidden_inputs(login_page)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/telecaribe.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/telecaribe.py
index b6d88a809..91118a1a4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telecaribe.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telecaribe.py
@@ -38,11 +38,23 @@ class TelecaribePlayIE(InfoExtractor):
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'Livestream',
         }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.play.telecaribe.co/liveplus',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'liveplus',
+            'title': r're:^Señal en vivo Plus',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Geo-restricted to Colombia',
     }]
 
     def _download_player_webpage(self, webpage, display_id):
         page_id = self._search_regex(
-            (r'window.firstPageId\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)', r'<div[^>]+id\s*=\s*"pageBackground_([^"]+)'),
+            (r'window\.firstPageId\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)', r'<div[^>]+id\s*=\s*"pageBackground_([^"]+)'),
             webpage, 'page_id')
 
         props = self._download_json(self._search_regex(
@@ -59,14 +71,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
         player = self._download_player_webpage(webpage, display_id)
 
-        if display_id != 'live':
+        livestream_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'(?:let|const|var)\s+source\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)', player, 'm3u8 url', default=None)
+
+        if not livestream_url:
             return self.playlist_from_matches(
                 re.findall(r'<a[^>]+href\s*=\s*"([^"]+\.mp4)', player), display_id,
                 self._get_clean_title(self._og_search_title(webpage)))
 
         formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-            self._search_regex(r'(?:let|const|var)\s+source\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)', player, 'm3u8 url'),
-            display_id, 'mp4')
+            livestream_url, display_id, 'mp4', live=True)
 
         return {
             'id': display_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/telemundo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/telemundo.py
index 88f29cb83..54e74a6c0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telemundo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telemundo.py
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    try_get,
-    unified_timestamp,
-    HEADRequest,
-)
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import try_get, unified_timestamp
 
 
 class TelemundoIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -38,7 +35,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         m3u8_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(
             redirect_url + '?format=redirect&manifest=m3u&format=redirect&Tracking=true&Embedded=true&formats=MPEG4'),
-            video_id, 'Processing m3u8').geturl()
+            video_id, 'Processing m3u8').url
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4')
         date = unified_timestamp(try_get(
             metadata, lambda x: x['props']['initialState']['video']['associatedPlaylists'][0]['videos'][0]['datePublished'].split(' ', 1)[1]))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
index 42a2175b0..6618ea4e6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
@@ -163,11 +163,9 @@ class VQQBaseIE(TencentBaseIE):
     _REFERER = 'v.qq.com'
 
     def _get_webpage_metadata(self, webpage, video_id):
-        return self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'(?s)<script[^>]*>[^<]*window\.__pinia\s*=\s*([^<]+)</script>',
-                webpage, 'pinia data', fatal=False),
-            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=False)
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'<script[^>]*>[^<]*window\.__(?:pinia|PINIA__)\s*=',
+            webpage, 'pinia data', video_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=False)
 
 
 class VQQVideoIE(VQQBaseIE):
@@ -176,7 +174,7 @@ class VQQVideoIE(VQQBaseIE):
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://v.qq.com/x/page/q326831cny0.html',
-        'md5': '84568b3722e15e9cd023b5594558c4a7',
+        'md5': 'b11c9cb781df710d686b950376676e2a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'q326831cny0',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -187,7 +185,7 @@ class VQQVideoIE(VQQBaseIE):
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://v.qq.com/x/page/o3013za7cse.html',
-        'md5': 'cc431c4f9114a55643893c2c8ebf5592',
+        'md5': 'a1bcf42c6d28c189bd2fe2d468abb287',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'o3013za7cse',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -208,6 +206,7 @@ class VQQVideoIE(VQQBaseIE):
             'series': '鸡毛飞上天',
             'format_id': r're:^shd',
         },
+        'skip': '404',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://v.qq.com/x/cover/mzc00200p29k31e/s0043cwsgj0.html',
         'md5': 'fadd10bf88aec3420f06f19ee1d24c5b',
@@ -220,6 +219,7 @@ class VQQVideoIE(VQQBaseIE):
             'series': '青年理工工作者生活研究所',
             'format_id': r're:^shd',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         # Geo-restricted to China
         'url': 'https://v.qq.com/x/cover/mcv8hkc8zk8lnov/x0036x5qqsr.html',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tennistv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tennistv.py
index bc64226bf..c1b4a3312 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tennistv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tennistv.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             })
 
         self.get_token(None, {
-            'code': urllib.parse.parse_qs(handle.geturl())['code'][-1],
+            'code': urllib.parse.parse_qs(handle.url)['code'][-1],
             'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
             'client_id': 'tennis-tv-web',
             'redirect_uri': 'https://www.tennistv.com/resources/v1.1.10/html/silent-check-sso.html'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
index 633032e31..7ce7cbf84 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
@@ -1,12 +1,11 @@
-from datetime import datetime
 import base64
+import functools
+import itertools
+from datetime import datetime
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
-    int_or_none,
-    urlencode_postdata,
-)
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import int_or_none, traverse_obj, urlencode_postdata, urljoin
 
 
 class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             data.get('playbackApiEndpoint'), content_id, 'Downloading video JSON',
             headers=headers).get('source')
         m3u8_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(
-            _video_url), content_id).geturl()
+            _video_url), content_id).url
         if '10play-not-in-oz' in m3u8_url:
             self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['AU'])
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, content_id, 'mp4')
@@ -116,3 +115,55 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'uploader': 'Channel 10',
             'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
         }
+
+
+class TenPlaySeasonIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?10play\.com\.au/(?P<show>[^/?#]+)/episodes/(?P<season>[^/?#]+)/?(?:$|[?#])'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/masterchef/episodes/season-14',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Season 14',
+            'id': 'MjMyOTIy',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 64,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/the-bold-and-the-beautiful-fast-tracked/episodes/season-2022',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Season 2022',
+            'id': 'Mjc0OTIw',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 256,
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, load_more_url, display_id=None):
+        skip_ids = []
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            episodes_carousel = self._download_json(
+                load_more_url, display_id, query={'skipIds[]': skip_ids},
+                note=f'Fetching episodes page {page}')
+
+            episodes_chunk = episodes_carousel['items']
+            skip_ids.extend(ep['id'] for ep in episodes_chunk)
+
+            for ep in episodes_chunk:
+                yield ep['cardLink']
+            if not episodes_carousel['hasMore']:
+                break
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        show, season = self._match_valid_url(url).group('show', 'season')
+        season_info = self._download_json(
+            f'https://10play.com.au/api/shows/{show}/episodes/{season}', f'{show}/{season}')
+
+        episodes_carousel = traverse_obj(season_info, (
+            'content', 0, 'components', (
+                lambda _, v: v['title'].lower() == 'episodes',
+                (..., {dict}),
+            )), get_all=False) or {}
+
+        playlist_id = episodes_carousel['tpId']
+
+        return self.playlist_from_matches(
+            self._entries(urljoin(url, episodes_carousel['loadMoreUrl']), playlist_id),
+            playlist_id, traverse_obj(season_info, ('content', 0, 'title', {str})),
+            getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/testurl.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/testurl.py
index 0da01aa53..3cf001776 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/testurl.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/testurl.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class TestURLIE(InfoExtractor):
     """ Allows addressing of the test cases as test:yout.*be_1 """
 
     IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
-    _VALID_URL = r'test(?:url)?:(?P<extractor>.*?)(?:_(?P<num>[0-9]+))?$'
+    _VALID_URL = r'test(?:url)?:(?P<extractor>.*?)(?:_(?P<num>\d+|all))?$'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         from . import gen_extractor_classes
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             extractor = matching_extractors[0]
 
         testcases = tuple(extractor.get_testcases(True))
+        if num == 'all':
+            return self.playlist_result(
+                [self.url_result(tc['url'], extractor) for tc in testcases],
+                url, f'{extractor.IE_NAME} tests')
         try:
             tc = testcases[int(num or 0)]
         except IndexError:
@@ -43,4 +47,4 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 f'Test case {num or 0} not found, got only {len(testcases)} tests', expected=True)
 
         self.to_screen(f'Test URL: {tc["url"]}')
-        return self.url_result(tc['url'])
+        return self.url_result(tc['url'], extractor)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tf1.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tf1.py
index 4cf0322b3..aba4927ae 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tf1.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tf1.py
@@ -27,6 +27,25 @@ class TF1IE(InfoExtractor):
             # Sometimes wat serves the whole file with the --test option
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.tf1.fr/tmc/burger-quiz/videos/burger-quiz-du-19-aout-2023-s03-episode-21-85585666.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '14010600',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Burger Quiz - S03 EP21 avec Eye Haidara, Anne Depétrini, Jonathan Zaccaï et Pio Marmaï',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://photos.tf1.fr/1280/720/burger-quiz-11-9adb79-0@1x.jpg',
+            'description': 'Manu Payet recevra Eye Haidara, Anne Depétrini, Jonathan Zaccaï et Pio Marmaï.',
+            'upload_date': '20230819',
+            'timestamp': 1692469471,
+            'season_number': 3,
+            'series': 'Burger Quiz',
+            'episode_number': 21,
+            'season': 'Season 3',
+            'tags': 'count:13',
+            'episode': 'Episode 21',
+            'duration': 2312
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.tf1.fr/tf1/koh-lanta/videos/replay-koh-lanta-22-mai-2015.html',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tfo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tfo.py
index a24789cb3..d417f50e1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tfo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tfo.py
@@ -1,12 +1,8 @@
 import json
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
-    ExtractorError,
-    int_or_none,
-    clean_html,
-)
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, clean_html, int_or_none
 
 
 class TFOIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py
index e659b8ee1..433ce8427 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py
@@ -7,19 +7,23 @@
 
 from .once import OnceIE
 from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
+from ..networking import Request
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     parse_qs,
-    sanitized_Request,
     unsmuggle_url,
     update_url_query,
     xpath_with_ns,
     mimetype2ext,
     find_xpath_attr,
+    traverse_obj,
+    update_url,
+    urlhandle_detect_ext,
 )
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 
 default_ns = 'http://www.w3.org/2005/SMIL21/Language'
 _x = lambda p: xpath_with_ns(p, {'smil': default_ns})
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ def _extract_theplatform_smil(self, smil_url, video_id, note='Downloading SMIL d
                     raise ExtractorError(
                         error_element.attrib['abstract'], expected=True)
 
-        smil_formats = self._parse_smil_formats(
+        smil_formats, subtitles = self._parse_smil_formats_and_subtitles(
             meta, smil_url, video_id, namespace=default_ns,
             # the parameters are from syfy.com, other sites may use others,
             # they also work for nbc.com
@@ -65,8 +69,6 @@ def _extract_theplatform_smil(self, smil_url, video_id, note='Downloading SMIL d
 
                 formats.append(_format)
 
-        subtitles = self._parse_smil_subtitles(meta, default_ns)
-
         return formats, subtitles
 
     def _download_theplatform_metadata(self, path, video_id):
@@ -164,7 +166,8 @@ class ThePlatformIE(ThePlatformBaseIE, AdobePassIE):
         'params': {
             # rtmp download
             'skip_download': True,
-        }
+        },
+        'skip': 'CNet no longer uses ThePlatform',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://player.theplatform.com/p/D6x-PC/pulse_preview/embed/select/media/yMBg9E8KFxZD',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -173,7 +176,8 @@ class ThePlatformIE(ThePlatformBaseIE, AdobePassIE):
             'description': 'md5:644ad9188d655b742f942bf2e06b002d',
             'title': 'HIGHLIGHTS: USA bag first ever series Cup win',
             'uploader': 'EGSM',
-        }
+        },
+        'skip': 'Dead link',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://player.theplatform.com/p/NnzsPC/widget/select/media/4Y0TlYUr_ZT7',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -191,6 +195,7 @@ class ThePlatformIE(ThePlatformBaseIE, AdobePassIE):
             'upload_date': '20150701',
             'uploader': 'NBCU-NEWS',
         },
+        'skip': 'Error: Player PID "nbcNewsOffsite" is disabled',
     }, {
         # From http://www.nbc.com/the-blacklist/video/sir-crispin-crandall/2928790?onid=137781#vc137781=1
         # geo-restricted (US), HLS encrypted with AES-128
@@ -270,7 +275,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             source_url = smuggled_data.get('source_url')
             if source_url:
                 headers['Referer'] = source_url
-            request = sanitized_Request(url, headers=headers)
+            request = Request(url, headers=headers)
             webpage = self._download_webpage(request, video_id)
             smil_url = self._search_regex(
                 r'<link[^>]+href=(["\'])(?P<url>.+?)\1[^>]+type=["\']application/smil\+xml',
@@ -297,6 +302,17 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         formats, subtitles = self._extract_theplatform_smil(smil_url, video_id)
 
+        # With some sites, manifest URL must be forced to extract HLS formats
+        if not traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: v['format_id'].startswith('hls')):
+            m3u8_url = update_url(url, query='mbr=true&manifest=m3u', fragment=None)
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                HEADRequest(m3u8_url), video_id, 'Checking for HLS formats', 'No HLS formats found', fatal=False)
+            if urlh and urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh) == 'm3u8':
+                m3u8_fmts, m3u8_subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    m3u8_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(m3u8_fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(m3u8_subs, target=subtitles)
+
         ret = self._extract_theplatform_metadata(path, video_id)
         combined_subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(ret.get('subtitles', {}), subtitles)
         ret.update({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/theta.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/theta.py
deleted file mode 100644
index ecf0ea091..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/theta.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import try_get
-
-
-class ThetaStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theta\.tv/(?!video/)(?P<id>[a-z0-9-]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.theta.tv/davirus',
-        'skip': 'The live may have ended',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'DaVirus',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'I choose you - My Community is King -👀 - YO HABLO ESPANOL - CODE DAVIRUS',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://live-thumbnails-prod-theta-tv\.imgix\.net/thumbnail/.+\.jpg',
-        }
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.theta.tv/mst3k',
-        'note': 'This channel is live 24/7',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'MST3K',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Mystery Science Theatre 3000 24/7 Powered by the THETA Network.',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://user-prod-theta-tv\.imgix\.net/.+\.jpg',
-        }
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.theta.tv/contv-anime',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'ConTVAnime',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'CONTV ANIME 24/7. Powered by THETA Network.',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://user-prod-theta-tv\.imgix\.net/.+\.jpg',
-        }
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
-        info = self._download_json(f'https://api.theta.tv/v1/channel?alias={channel_id}', channel_id)['body']
-
-        m3u8_playlist = next(
-            data['url'] for data in info['live_stream']['video_urls']
-            if data.get('type') != 'embed' and data.get('resolution') in ('master', 'source'))
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_playlist, channel_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=True)
-
-        channel = try_get(info, lambda x: x['user']['username'])  # using this field instead of channel_id due to capitalization
-
-        return {
-            'id': channel,
-            'title': try_get(info, lambda x: x['live_stream']['title']),
-            'channel': channel,
-            'view_count': try_get(info, lambda x: x['live_stream']['view_count']),
-            'is_live': True,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': try_get(info, lambda x: x['live_stream']['thumbnail_url']),
-        }
-
-
-class ThetaVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theta\.tv/video/(?P<id>vid[a-z0-9]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://www.theta.tv/video/vidiq6aaet3kzf799p0',
-        'md5': '633d8c29eb276bb38a111dbd591c677f',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'vidiq6aaet3kzf799p0',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Theta EdgeCast Tutorial',
-            'uploader': 'Pixiekittie',
-            'description': 'md5:e316253f5bdced8b5a46bb50ae60a09f',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://user-prod-theta-tv\.imgix\.net/.+/vod_thumb/.+.jpg',
-        }
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        info = self._download_json(f'https://api.theta.tv/v1/video/{video_id}/raw', video_id)['body']
-
-        m3u8_playlist = try_get(info, lambda x: x['video_urls'][0]['url'])
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_playlist, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': info.get('title'),
-            'uploader': try_get(info, lambda x: x['user']['username']),
-            'description': info.get('description'),
-            'view_count': info.get('view_count'),
-            'like_count': info.get('like_count'),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': info.get('thumbnail_url'),
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/theweatherchannel.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/theweatherchannel.py
index 682e4335d..d1921e4f9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/theweatherchannel.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/theweatherchannel.py
@@ -11,17 +11,19 @@
 class TheWeatherChannelIE(ThePlatformIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?weather\.com(?P<asset_name>(?:/(?P<locale>[a-z]{2}-[A-Z]{2}))?/(?:[^/]+/)*video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+))'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://weather.com/series/great-outdoors/video/ice-climber-is-in-for-a-shock',
-        'md5': 'c4cbe74c9c17c5676b704b950b73dd92',
+        'url': 'https://weather.com/storms/hurricane/video/invest-95l-in-atlantic-has-a-medium-chance-of-development',
+        'md5': '68f0cf616435683f27ce36bd9c927394',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'cc82397e-cc3f-4d11-9390-a785add090e8',
+            'id': '81acef2d-ee8c-4545-ba83-bff3cc80db97',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ice Climber Is In For A Shock',
-            'description': 'md5:55606ce1378d4c72e6545e160c9d9695',
-            'uploader': 'TWC - Digital (No Distro)',
-            'uploader_id': '6ccd5455-16bb-46f2-9c57-ff858bb9f62c',
-            'upload_date': '20160720',
-            'timestamp': 1469018835,
+            'title': 'Invest 95L In Atlantic Has A Medium Chance Of Development',
+            'description': 'md5:0de720fd5f0d0e32207bd4c270fff824',
+            'uploader': 'TWC - Digital',
+            'uploader_id': 'b5a999e0-9e04-11e1-9ee2-001d092f5a10',
+            'upload_date': '20230721',
+            'timestamp': 1689967343,
+            'display_id': 'invest-95l-in-atlantic-has-a-medium-chance-of-development',
+            'duration': 34.0,
         }
     }, {
         'url': 'https://weather.com/en-CA/international/videos/video/unidentified-object-falls-from-sky-in-india',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/thisav.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/thisav.py
deleted file mode 100644
index b1cd57d1f..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/thisav.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import remove_end
-
-
-class ThisAVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?thisav\.com/video/(?P<id>[0-9]+)/.*'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        # jwplayer
-        'url': 'http://www.thisav.com/video/47734/%98%26sup1%3B%83%9E%83%82---just-fit.html',
-        'md5': '0480f1ef3932d901f0e0e719f188f19b',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '47734',
-            'ext': 'flv',
-            'title': '高樹マリア - Just fit',
-            'uploader': 'dj7970',
-            'uploader_id': 'dj7970'
-        }
-    }, {
-        # html5 media
-        'url': 'http://www.thisav.com/video/242352/nerdy-18yo-big-ass-tattoos-and-glasses.html',
-        'md5': 'ba90c076bd0f80203679e5b60bf523ee',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '242352',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nerdy 18yo Big Ass Tattoos and Glasses',
-            'uploader': 'cybersluts',
-            'uploader_id': 'cybersluts',
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-
-        video_id = mobj.group('id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        title = remove_end(self._html_extract_title(webpage), ' - 視頻 - ThisAV.com-世界第一中文成人娛樂網站')
-        video_url = self._html_search_regex(
-            r"addVariable\('file','([^']+)'\);", webpage, 'video url', default=None)
-        if video_url:
-            info_dict = {
-                'formats': [{
-                    'url': video_url,
-                }],
-            }
-        else:
-            entries = self._parse_html5_media_entries(url, webpage, video_id)
-            if entries:
-                info_dict = entries[0]
-            else:
-                info_dict = self._extract_jwplayer_data(
-                    webpage, video_id, require_title=False)
-        uploader = self._html_search_regex(
-            r': <a href="http://www\.thisav\.com/user/[0-9]+/(?:[^"]+)">([^<]+)</a>',
-            webpage, 'uploader name', fatal=False)
-        uploader_id = self._html_search_regex(
-            r': <a href="http://www\.thisav\.com/user/[0-9]+/([^"]+)">(?:[^<]+)</a>',
-            webpage, 'uploader id', fatal=False)
-
-        info_dict.update({
-            'id': video_id,
-            'uploader': uploader,
-            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
-            'title': title,
-        })
-
-        return info_dict
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/thisoldhouse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/thisoldhouse.py
index 55b6413ae..15f8380d3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/thisoldhouse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/thisoldhouse.py
@@ -1,11 +1,23 @@
+import json
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import HEADRequest
+from .zype import ZypeIE
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    filter_dict,
+    parse_qs,
+    try_call,
+    urlencode_postdata,
+)
 
 
 class ThisOldHouseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?thisoldhouse\.com/(?:watch|how-to|tv-episode|(?:[^/]+/)?\d+)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'thisoldhouse'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?thisoldhouse\.com/(?:watch|how-to|tv-episode|(?:[^/?#]+/)?\d+)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/how-to/how-to-build-storage-bench',
+        'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/furniture/21017078/how-to-build-a-storage-bench',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '5dcdddf673c3f956ef5db202',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -23,13 +35,16 @@ class ThisOldHouseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
+        # Page no longer has video
         'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/watch/arlington-arts-crafts-arts-and-crafts-class-begins',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
+        # 404 Not Found
         'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/tv-episode/ask-toh-shelf-rough-electric',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/furniture/21017078/how-to-build-a-storage-bench',
+        # 404 Not Found
+        'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/how-to/how-to-build-storage-bench',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/21113884/s41-e13-paradise-lost',
@@ -39,17 +54,51 @@ class ThisOldHouseIE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/21083431/seaside-transformation-the-westerly-project',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
-    _ZYPE_TMPL = 'https://player.zype.com/embed/%s.html?api_key=hsOk_yMSPYNrT22e9pu8hihLXjaZf0JW5jsOWv4ZqyHJFvkJn6rtToHl09tbbsbe'
+
+    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://login.thisoldhouse.com/usernamepassword/login'
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        self._request_webpage(
+            HEADRequest('https://www.thisoldhouse.com/insider'), None, 'Requesting session cookies')
+        urlh = self._request_webpage(
+            'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/wp-login.php', None, 'Requesting login info',
+            errnote='Unable to login', query={'redirect_to': 'https://www.thisoldhouse.com/insider'})
+
+        try:
+            auth_form = self._download_webpage(
+                self._LOGIN_URL, None, 'Submitting credentials', headers={
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                    'Referer': urlh.url,
+                }, data=json.dumps(filter_dict({
+                    **{('client_id' if k == 'client' else k): v[0] for k, v in parse_qs(urlh.url).items()},
+                    'tenant': 'thisoldhouse',
+                    'username': username,
+                    'password': password,
+                    'popup_options': {},
+                    'sso': True,
+                    '_csrf': try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies(self._LOGIN_URL)['_csrf'].value),
+                    '_intstate': 'deprecated',
+                }), separators=(',', ':')).encode())
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username or password', expected=True)
+            raise
+
+        self._request_webpage(
+            'https://login.thisoldhouse.com/login/callback', None, 'Completing login',
+            data=urlencode_postdata(self._hidden_inputs(auth_form)))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
         if 'To Unlock This content' in webpage:
-            self.raise_login_required(method='cookies')
-        video_url = self._search_regex(
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'This video is only available for subscribers. '
+                'Note that --cookies-from-browser may not work due to this site using session cookies')
+
+        video_url, video_id = self._search_regex(
             r'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"]((?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?thisoldhouse\.(?:chorus\.build|com)/videos/zype/([0-9a-f]{24})[^\'"]*)[\'"]',
-            webpage, 'video url')
-        if 'subscription_required=true' in video_url or 'c-entry-group-labels__image' in webpage:
-            return self.url_result(self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(video_url), display_id).geturl(), 'Zype', display_id)
-        video_id = self._search_regex(r'(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?thisoldhouse\.(?:chorus\.build|com)/videos/zype/([0-9a-f]{24})', video_url, 'video id')
-        return self.url_result(self._ZYPE_TMPL % video_id, 'Zype', video_id)
+            webpage, 'video url', group=(1, 2))
+        video_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(video_url), video_id, 'Resolving Zype URL').url
+
+        return self.url_result(video_url, ZypeIE, video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/threeqsdn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/threeqsdn.py
index b1041902b..7841f8da6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/threeqsdn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/threeqsdn.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             config = self._download_json(
                 url.replace('://playout.3qsdn.com/', '://playout.3qsdn.com/config/'), video_id)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                 self.raise_geo_restricted()
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
index f1696a2fc..f26972cff 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
@@ -7,14 +7,14 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_unquote, compat_urllib_parse_urlparse
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    HEADRequest,
     LazyList,
     UnsupportedError,
     UserNotLive,
+    determine_ext,
     format_field,
-    get_element_by_id,
     get_first,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
@@ -49,8 +49,9 @@ def _create_url(user_id, video_id):
         return f'https://www.tiktok.com/@{user_id or "_"}/video/{video_id}'
 
     def _get_sigi_state(self, webpage, display_id):
-        return self._parse_json(get_element_by_id(
-            'SIGI_STATE|sigi-persisted-data', webpage, escape_value=False), display_id)
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'<script[^>]+\bid="(?:SIGI_STATE|sigi-persisted-data)"[^>]*>', webpage,
+            'sigi state', display_id, end_pattern=r'</script>')
 
     def _call_api_impl(self, ep, query, manifest_app_version, video_id, fatal=True,
                        note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page'):
@@ -61,7 +62,7 @@ def _call_api_impl(self, ep, query, manifest_app_version, video_id, fatal=True,
         return self._download_json(
             'https://%s/aweme/v1/%s/' % (self._API_HOSTNAME, ep), video_id=video_id,
             fatal=fatal, note=note, errnote=errnote, headers={
-                'User-Agent': f'com.ss.android.ugc.{self._APP_NAME}/{manifest_app_version} (Linux; U; Android 10; en_US; Pixel 4; Build/QQ3A.200805.001; Cronet/58.0.2991.0)',
+                'User-Agent': f'com.ss.android.ugc.{self._APP_NAME}/{manifest_app_version} (Linux; U; Android 13; en_US; Pixel 7; Build/TD1A.220804.031; Cronet/58.0.2991.0)',
                 'Accept': 'application/json',
             }, query=query)
 
@@ -78,11 +79,11 @@ def _build_api_query(self, query, app_version, manifest_app_version):
             '_rticket': int(time.time() * 1000),
             'ts': int(time.time()),
             'device_brand': 'Google',
-            'device_type': 'Pixel 4',
+            'device_type': 'Pixel 7',
             'device_platform': 'android',
-            'resolution': '1080*1920',
+            'resolution': '1080*2400',
             'dpi': 420,
-            'os_version': '10',
+            'os_version': '13',
             'os_api': '29',
             'carrier_region': 'US',
             'sys_region': 'US',
@@ -204,11 +205,22 @@ def parse_url_key(url_key):
 
         known_resolutions = {}
 
+        def audio_meta(url):
+            ext = determine_ext(url, default_ext='m4a')
+            return {
+                'format_note': 'Music track',
+                'ext': ext,
+                'acodec': 'aac' if ext == 'm4a' else ext,
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+                'width': None,
+                'height': None,
+            } if ext == 'mp3' or '-music-' in url else {}
+
         def extract_addr(addr, add_meta={}):
             parsed_meta, res = parse_url_key(addr.get('url_key', ''))
             if res:
-                known_resolutions.setdefault(res, {}).setdefault('height', add_meta.get('height'))
-                known_resolutions[res].setdefault('width', add_meta.get('width'))
+                known_resolutions.setdefault(res, {}).setdefault('height', add_meta.get('height') or addr.get('height'))
+                known_resolutions[res].setdefault('width', add_meta.get('width') or addr.get('width'))
                 parsed_meta.update(known_resolutions.get(res, {}))
                 add_meta.setdefault('height', int_or_none(res[:-1]))
             return [{
@@ -219,7 +231,8 @@ def extract_addr(addr, add_meta={}):
                 'source_preference': -2 if 'aweme/v1' in url else -1,  # Downloads from API might get blocked
                 **add_meta, **parsed_meta,
                 'format_note': join_nonempty(
-                    add_meta.get('format_note'), '(API)' if 'aweme/v1' in url else None, delim=' ')
+                    add_meta.get('format_note'), '(API)' if 'aweme/v1' in url else None, delim=' '),
+                **audio_meta(url),
             } for url in addr.get('url_list') or []]
 
         # Hack: Add direct video links first to prioritize them when removing duplicate formats
@@ -275,17 +288,15 @@ def extract_addr(addr, add_meta={}):
         thumbnails = []
         for cover_id in ('cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover', 'animated_cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover_bak',
                          'origin_cover', 'dynamic_cover'):
-            cover = video_info.get(cover_id)
-            if cover:
-                for cover_url in cover['url_list']:
-                    thumbnails.append({
-                        'id': cover_id,
-                        'url': cover_url,
-                    })
+            for cover_url in traverse_obj(video_info, (cover_id, 'url_list', ...)):
+                thumbnails.append({
+                    'id': cover_id,
+                    'url': cover_url,
+                })
 
-        stats_info = aweme_detail.get('statistics', {})
-        author_info = aweme_detail.get('author', {})
-        music_info = aweme_detail.get('music', {})
+        stats_info = aweme_detail.get('statistics') or {}
+        author_info = aweme_detail.get('author') or {}
+        music_info = aweme_detail.get('music') or {}
         user_url = self._UPLOADER_URL_FORMAT % (traverse_obj(author_info,
                                                              'sec_uid', 'id', 'uid', 'unique_id',
                                                              expected_type=str_or_none, get_all=False))
@@ -307,20 +318,27 @@ def extract_addr(addr, add_meta={}):
             'extractor_key': TikTokIE.ie_key(),
             'extractor': TikTokIE.IE_NAME,
             'webpage_url': self._create_url(author_info.get('uid'), aweme_id),
-            'title': aweme_detail.get('desc'),
-            'description': aweme_detail.get('desc'),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(stats_info.get('play_count')),
-            'like_count': int_or_none(stats_info.get('digg_count')),
-            'repost_count': int_or_none(stats_info.get('share_count')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(stats_info.get('comment_count')),
-            'uploader': str_or_none(author_info.get('unique_id')),
-            'creator': str_or_none(author_info.get('nickname')),
-            'uploader_id': str_or_none(author_info.get('uid')),
+            **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, {
+                'title': ('desc', {str}),
+                'description': ('desc', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('create_time', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(stats_info, {
+                'view_count': 'play_count',
+                'like_count': 'digg_count',
+                'repost_count': 'share_count',
+                'comment_count': 'comment_count',
+            }, expected_type=int_or_none),
+            **traverse_obj(author_info, {
+                'uploader': 'unique_id',
+                'uploader_id': 'uid',
+                'creator': 'nickname',
+                'channel_id': 'sec_uid',
+            }, expected_type=str_or_none),
             'uploader_url': user_url,
             'track': music_track,
             'album': str_or_none(music_info.get('album')) or None,
             'artist': music_author or None,
-            'timestamp': int_or_none(aweme_detail.get('create_time')),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(aweme_detail, aweme_id),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
@@ -332,37 +350,27 @@ def extract_addr(addr, add_meta={}):
             '_format_sort_fields': ('quality', 'codec', 'size', 'br'),
         }
 
-    def _parse_aweme_video_web(self, aweme_detail, webpage_url):
+    def _parse_aweme_video_web(self, aweme_detail, webpage_url, video_id):
         video_info = aweme_detail['video']
         author_info = traverse_obj(aweme_detail, 'authorInfo', 'author', expected_type=dict, default={})
         music_info = aweme_detail.get('music') or {}
         stats_info = aweme_detail.get('stats') or {}
-        user_url = self._UPLOADER_URL_FORMAT % (traverse_obj(author_info,
-                                                             'secUid', 'id', 'uid', 'uniqueId',
-                                                             expected_type=str_or_none, get_all=False)
-                                                or aweme_detail.get('authorSecId'))
+        channel_id = traverse_obj(author_info or aweme_detail, (('authorSecId', 'secUid'), {str}), get_all=False)
+        user_url = self._UPLOADER_URL_FORMAT % channel_id if channel_id else None
 
         formats = []
-        play_url = video_info.get('playAddr')
-        width = video_info.get('width')
-        height = video_info.get('height')
-        if isinstance(play_url, str):
-            formats = [{
+        width = int_or_none(video_info.get('width'))
+        height = int_or_none(video_info.get('height'))
+
+        for play_url in traverse_obj(video_info, ('playAddr', ((..., 'src'), None), {url_or_none})):
+            formats.append({
                 'url': self._proto_relative_url(play_url),
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'width': width,
                 'height': height,
-            }]
-        elif isinstance(play_url, list):
-            formats = [{
-                'url': self._proto_relative_url(url),
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'width': width,
-                'height': height,
-            } for url in traverse_obj(play_url, (..., 'src'), expected_type=url_or_none) if url]
+            })
 
-        download_url = url_or_none(video_info.get('downloadAddr')) or traverse_obj(video_info, ('download', 'url'), expected_type=url_or_none)
-        if download_url:
+        for download_url in traverse_obj(video_info, (('downloadAddr', ('download', 'url')), {url_or_none})):
             formats.append({
                 'format_id': 'download',
                 'url': self._proto_relative_url(download_url),
@@ -370,38 +378,48 @@ def _parse_aweme_video_web(self, aweme_detail, webpage_url):
                 'width': width,
                 'height': height,
             })
+
         self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
 
         thumbnails = []
-        for thumbnail_name in ('thumbnail', 'cover', 'dynamicCover', 'originCover'):
-            if aweme_detail.get(thumbnail_name):
-                thumbnails = [{
-                    'url': self._proto_relative_url(aweme_detail[thumbnail_name]),
-                    'width': width,
-                    'height': height
-                }]
+        for thumb_url in traverse_obj(aweme_detail, (
+                (None, 'video'), ('thumbnail', 'cover', 'dynamicCover', 'originCover'), {url_or_none})):
+            thumbnails.append({
+                'url': self._proto_relative_url(thumb_url),
+                'width': width,
+                'height': height,
+            })
 
         return {
-            'id': traverse_obj(aweme_detail, 'id', 'awemeId', expected_type=str_or_none),
-            'title': aweme_detail.get('desc'),
-            'duration': try_get(aweme_detail, lambda x: x['video']['duration'], int),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(stats_info.get('playCount')),
-            'like_count': int_or_none(stats_info.get('diggCount')),
-            'repost_count': int_or_none(stats_info.get('shareCount')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(stats_info.get('commentCount')),
-            'timestamp': int_or_none(aweme_detail.get('createTime')),
-            'creator': str_or_none(author_info.get('nickname')),
-            'uploader': str_or_none(author_info.get('uniqueId') or aweme_detail.get('author')),
-            'uploader_id': str_or_none(traverse_obj(author_info, 'id', 'uid', 'authorId')),
+            'id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, {
+                'title': ('desc', {str}),
+                'description': ('desc', {str}),
+                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('createTime', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(author_info or aweme_detail, {
+                'creator': ('nickname', {str}),
+                'uploader': (('uniqueId', 'author'), {str}),
+                'uploader_id': (('authorId', 'uid', 'id'), {str_or_none}),
+            }, get_all=False),
+            **traverse_obj(stats_info, {
+                'view_count': 'playCount',
+                'like_count': 'diggCount',
+                'repost_count': 'shareCount',
+                'comment_count': 'commentCount',
+            }, expected_type=int_or_none),
+            **traverse_obj(music_info, {
+                'track': 'title',
+                'album': ('album', {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'artist': 'authorName',
+            }, expected_type=str),
+            'channel_id': channel_id,
             'uploader_url': user_url,
-            'track': str_or_none(music_info.get('title')),
-            'album': str_or_none(music_info.get('album')) or None,
-            'artist': str_or_none(music_info.get('authorName')),
             'formats': formats,
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'description': str_or_none(aweme_detail.get('desc')),
             'http_headers': {
-                'Referer': webpage_url
+                'Referer': webpage_url,
             }
         }
 
@@ -435,7 +453,8 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'artist': 'Ysrbeats',
             'album': 'Lehanga',
             'track': 'Lehanga',
-        }
+        },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@patroxofficial/video/6742501081818877190?langCountry=en',
         'md5': '6f3cf8cdd9b28cb8363fe0a9a160695b',
@@ -450,6 +469,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'uploader': 'patrox',
             'uploader_id': '18702747',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAAiFnldaILebi5heDoVU6bn4jBWWycX6-9U3xuNPqZ8Ws',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAiFnldaILebi5heDoVU6bn4jBWWycX6-9U3xuNPqZ8Ws',
             'creator': 'patroX',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[\w\/\.\-]+(~[\w\-]+\.image)?',
             'upload_date': '20190930',
@@ -460,7 +480,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'artist': 'Evan Todd, Jessica Keenan Wynn, Alice Lee, Barrett Wilbert Weed & Jon Eidson',
             'track': 'Big Fun',
-        }
+        },
     }, {
         # Banned audio, only available on the app
         'url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@barudakhb_/video/6984138651336838402',
@@ -473,6 +493,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'creator': 'md5:29f238c49bc0c176cb3cef1a9cea9fa6',
             'uploader_id': '6974687867511718913',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAAbhBwQC-R1iKoix6jDFsF-vBdfx2ABoDjaZrM9fX6arU3w71q3cOWgWuTXn1soZ7d',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAbhBwQC-R1iKoix6jDFsF-vBdfx2ABoDjaZrM9fX6arU3w71q3cOWgWuTXn1soZ7d',
             'track': 'Boka Dance',
             'artist': 'md5:29f238c49bc0c176cb3cef1a9cea9fa6',
             'timestamp': 1626121503,
@@ -483,7 +504,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
-        }
+        },
     }, {
         # Sponsored video, only available with feed workaround
         'url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAATh8Vewkn0LYM7Fo03iec3qKdeCUOcBIouRk1mkiag6h3o_pQu_dUXvZ2EZlGST7_/video/7042692929109986561',
@@ -496,6 +517,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'creator': 'Slap And Run',
             'uploader_id': '7036055384943690754',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAATh8Vewkn0LYM7Fo03iec3qKdeCUOcBIouRk1mkiag6h3o_pQu_dUXvZ2EZlGST7_',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAATh8Vewkn0LYM7Fo03iec3qKdeCUOcBIouRk1mkiag6h3o_pQu_dUXvZ2EZlGST7_',
             'track': 'Promoted Music',
             'timestamp': 1639754738,
             'duration': 30,
@@ -506,7 +528,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'repost_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['trying with webpage', 'Unable to find video in feed']
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},  # XXX: unable to download video data: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
     }, {
         # Video without title and description
         'url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@pokemonlife22/video/7059698374567611694',
@@ -519,6 +541,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'creator': 'Pokemon',
             'uploader_id': '6820838815978423302',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAA0tF1nBwQVVMyrGu3CqttkNgM68Do1OXUFuCY0CRQk8fEtSVDj89HqoqvbSTmUP2W',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAA0tF1nBwQVVMyrGu3CqttkNgM68Do1OXUFuCY0CRQk8fEtSVDj89HqoqvbSTmUP2W',
             'track': 'original sound',
             'timestamp': 1643714123,
             'duration': 6,
@@ -553,6 +576,107 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
         },
         'skip': 'This video is unavailable',
+    }, {
+        # slideshow audio-only mp3 format
+        'url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@_le_cannibale_/video/7139980461132074283',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7139980461132074283',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'TikTok video #7139980461132074283',
+            'description': '',
+            'creator': 'Antaura',
+            'uploader': '_le_cannibale_',
+            'uploader_id': '6604511138619654149',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAAoShJqaw_5gvy48y3azFeFcT4jeyKWbB0VVYasOCt2tTLwjNFIaDcHAM4D-QGXFOP',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAoShJqaw_5gvy48y3azFeFcT4jeyKWbB0VVYasOCt2tTLwjNFIaDcHAM4D-QGXFOP',
+            'artist': 'nathan !',
+            'track': 'grahamscott canon',
+            'upload_date': '20220905',
+            'timestamp': 1662406249,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.webp',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # only available via web
+        'url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@moxypatch/video/7206382937372134662',
+        'md5': '6aba7fad816e8709ff2c149679ace165',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7206382937372134662',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:1d95c0b96560ca0e8a231af4172b2c0a',
+            'description': 'md5:1d95c0b96560ca0e8a231af4172b2c0a',
+            'creator': 'MoxyPatch',
+            'uploader': 'moxypatch',
+            'uploader_id': '7039142049363379205',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAAFhqKnngMHJSsifL0w1vFOP5kn3Ndo1ODp0XuIBkNMBCkALTvwILdpu12g3pTtL4V',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAFhqKnngMHJSsifL0w1vFOP5kn3Ndo1ODp0XuIBkNMBCkALTvwILdpu12g3pTtL4V',
+            'artist': 'your worst nightmare',
+            'track': 'original sound',
+            'upload_date': '20230303',
+            'timestamp': 1677866781,
+            'duration': 10,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+',
+            'thumbnails': 'count:3',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to find video in feed'],
+    }, {
+        # 1080p format
+        'url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@tatemcrae/video/7107337212743830830',
+        'md5': '982512017a8a917124d5a08c8ae79621',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7107337212743830830',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'new music video 4 don’t come backkkk🧸🖤 i hope u enjoy !! @musicontiktok',
+            'description': 'new music video 4 don’t come backkkk🧸🖤 i hope u enjoy !! @musicontiktok',
+            'uploader': 'tatemcrae',
+            'uploader_id': '86328792343818240',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAA-0bQT0CqebTRr6I4IkYvMDMKSRSJHLNPBo5HrSklJwyA2psXLSZG5FP-LMNpHnJd',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAA-0bQT0CqebTRr6I4IkYvMDMKSRSJHLNPBo5HrSklJwyA2psXLSZG5FP-LMNpHnJd',
+            'creator': 'tate mcrae',
+            'artist': 'tate mcrae',
+            'track': 'original sound',
+            'upload_date': '20220609',
+            'timestamp': 1654805899,
+            'duration': 150,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.webp',
+        },
+        'params': {'format': 'bytevc1_1080p_808907-0'},
+    }, {
+        # Slideshow, audio-only m4a format
+        'url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@hara_yoimiya/video/7253412088251534594',
+        'md5': '2ff8fe0174db2dbf49c597a7bef4e47d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7253412088251534594',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'я ред флаг простите #переписка #щитпост #тревожныйтиппривязанности #рекомендации ',
+            'description': 'я ред флаг простите #переписка #щитпост #тревожныйтиппривязанности #рекомендации ',
+            'uploader': 'hara_yoimiya',
+            'uploader_id': '6582536342634676230',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAAIAlDxriiPWLE-p8p1R_0Bx8qWKfi-7zwmGhzU8Mv25W8sNxjfIKrol31qTczzuLB',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAIAlDxriiPWLE-p8p1R_0Bx8qWKfi-7zwmGhzU8Mv25W8sNxjfIKrol31qTczzuLB',
+            'creator': 'лампочка',
+            'artist': 'Øneheart',
+            'album': 'watching the stars',
+            'track': 'watching the stars',
+            'upload_date': '20230708',
+            'timestamp': 1688816612,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://.+\.webp',
+        },
     }, {
         # Auto-captions available
         'url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@hankgreen1/video/7047596209028074758',
@@ -578,7 +702,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             video_data = traverse_obj(sigi_data, ('ItemModule', video_id), expected_type=dict)
 
         if status == 0:
-            return self._parse_aweme_video_web(video_data, url)
+            return self._parse_aweme_video_web(video_data, url, video_id)
         elif status == 10216:
             raise ExtractorError('This video is private', expected=True)
         raise ExtractorError('Video not available', video_id=video_id)
@@ -805,6 +929,7 @@ class DouyinIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'description': '#杨超越  小小水手带你去远航❤️',
             'uploader_id': '110403406559',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.douyin.com/user/MS4wLjABAAAAEKnfa654JAJ_N5lgZDQluwsxmY0lhfmEYNQBBkwGG98',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAEKnfa654JAJ_N5lgZDQluwsxmY0lhfmEYNQBBkwGG98',
             'creator': '杨超越',
             'duration': 19782,
             'timestamp': 1620905839,
@@ -814,6 +939,7 @@ class DouyinIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpe?g',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.douyin.com/video/6982497745948921092',
@@ -825,8 +951,9 @@ class DouyinIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'description': '这个夏日和小羊@杨超越 一起遇见白色幻想',
             'uploader_id': '408654318141572',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.douyin.com/user/MS4wLjABAAAAZJpnglcjW2f_CMVcnqA_6oVBXKWMpH0F8LIHuUu8-lA',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAZJpnglcjW2f_CMVcnqA_6oVBXKWMpH0F8LIHuUu8-lA',
             'creator': '杨超越工作室',
-            'duration': 42608,
+            'duration': 42479,
             'timestamp': 1625739481,
             'upload_date': '20210708',
             'track': '@杨超越工作室创作的原声',
@@ -834,6 +961,7 @@ class DouyinIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpe?g',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.douyin.com/video/6953975910773099811',
@@ -845,8 +973,9 @@ class DouyinIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'description': '#一起看海  出现在你的夏日里',
             'uploader_id': '110403406559',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.douyin.com/user/MS4wLjABAAAAEKnfa654JAJ_N5lgZDQluwsxmY0lhfmEYNQBBkwGG98',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAEKnfa654JAJ_N5lgZDQluwsxmY0lhfmEYNQBBkwGG98',
             'creator': '杨超越',
-            'duration': 17228,
+            'duration': 17343,
             'timestamp': 1619098692,
             'upload_date': '20210422',
             'track': '@杨超越创作的原声',
@@ -854,6 +983,7 @@ class DouyinIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpe?g',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.douyin.com/video/6950251282489675042',
@@ -882,6 +1012,7 @@ class DouyinIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'description': '#哪个爱豆的105度最甜 换个角度看看我哈哈',
             'uploader_id': '110403406559',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.douyin.com/user/MS4wLjABAAAAEKnfa654JAJ_N5lgZDQluwsxmY0lhfmEYNQBBkwGG98',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAEKnfa654JAJ_N5lgZDQluwsxmY0lhfmEYNQBBkwGG98',
             'creator': '杨超越',
             'duration': 15115,
             'timestamp': 1621261163,
@@ -891,6 +1022,7 @@ class DouyinIE(TikTokBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpe?g',
         },
     }]
     _APP_VERSIONS = [('23.3.0', '230300')]
@@ -910,19 +1042,17 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             self.to_screen(f'{e}; trying with webpage')
 
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        render_data_json = self._search_regex(
-            r'<script [^>]*\bid=[\'"]RENDER_DATA[\'"][^>]*>(%7B.+%7D)</script>',
-            webpage, 'render data', default=None)
-        if not render_data_json:
+        render_data = self._search_json(
+            r'<script [^>]*\bid=[\'"]RENDER_DATA[\'"][^>]*>', webpage, 'render data', video_id,
+            contains_pattern=r'%7B(?s:.+)%7D', fatal=False, transform_source=compat_urllib_parse_unquote)
+        if not render_data:
             # TODO: Run verification challenge code to generate signature cookies
             cookies = self._get_cookies(self._WEBPAGE_HOST)
             expected = not cookies.get('s_v_web_id') or not cookies.get('ttwid')
             raise ExtractorError(
                 'Fresh cookies (not necessarily logged in) are needed', expected=expected)
 
-        render_data = self._parse_json(
-            render_data_json, video_id, transform_source=compat_urllib_parse_unquote)
-        return self._parse_aweme_video_web(get_first(render_data, ('aweme', 'detail')), url)
+        return self._parse_aweme_video_web(get_first(render_data, ('aweme', 'detail')), url, video_id)
 
 
 class TikTokVMIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -981,7 +1111,7 @@ class TikTokVMIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         new_url = self._request_webpage(
-            HEADRequest(url), self._match_id(url), headers={'User-Agent': 'facebookexternalhit/1.1'}).geturl()
+            HEADRequest(url), self._match_id(url), headers={'User-Agent': 'facebookexternalhit/1.1'}).url
         if self.suitable(new_url):  # Prevent infinite loop in case redirect fails
             raise UnsupportedError(new_url)
         return self.url_result(new_url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tmz.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tmz.py
index ffb30c6b8..edd16bc5b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tmz.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tmz.py
@@ -8,158 +8,160 @@
 
 
 class TMZIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r"https?://(?:www\.)?tmz\.com/.*"
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tmz\.com/.*'
     _TESTS = [
         {
-            "url": "http://www.tmz.com/videos/0-cegprt2p/",
-            "info_dict": {
-                "id": "http://www.tmz.com/videos/0-cegprt2p/",
-                "ext": "mp4",
-                "title": "No Charges Against Hillary Clinton? Harvey Says It Ain't Over Yet",
-                "description": "Harvey talks about Director Comey’s decision not to prosecute Hillary Clinton.",
-                "timestamp": 1467831837,
-                "uploader": "TMZ Staff",
-                "upload_date": "20160706",
-                "thumbnail": "https://imagez.tmz.com/image/5e/4by3/2016/07/06/5eea7dc01baa5c2e83eb06930c170e46_xl.jpg",
-                "duration": 772.0,
+            'url': 'http://www.tmz.com/videos/0-cegprt2p/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'http://www.tmz.com/videos/0-cegprt2p/',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'No Charges Against Hillary Clinton? Harvey Says It Ain\'t Over Yet',
+                'description': 'Harvey talks about Director Comey’s decision not to prosecute Hillary Clinton.',
+                'timestamp': 1467831837,
+                'uploader': 'TMZ Staff',
+                'upload_date': '20160706',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://imagez.tmz.com/image/5e/4by3/2016/07/06/5eea7dc01baa5c2e83eb06930c170e46_xl.jpg',
+                'duration': 772.0,
             },
         },
         {
-            "url": "https://www.tmz.com/videos/071119-chris-morgan-women-4590005-0-zcsejvcr/",
-            "info_dict": {
-                "id": "https://www.tmz.com/videos/071119-chris-morgan-women-4590005-0-zcsejvcr/",
-                "ext": "mp4",
-                "title": "Angry Bagel Shop Guy Says He Doesn't Trust Women",
-                "description": "The enraged man who went viral for ranting about women on dating sites before getting ragdolled in a bagel shop is defending his misogyny ... he says it's women's fault in the first place.",
-                "timestamp": 1562889485,
-                "uploader": "TMZ Staff",
-                "upload_date": "20190711",
-                "thumbnail": "https://imagez.tmz.com/image/a8/4by3/2019/07/12/a85480d27b2f50a7bfea2322151d67a5_xl.jpg",
-                "duration": 123.0,
+            'url': 'https://www.tmz.com/videos/071119-chris-morgan-women-4590005-0-zcsejvcr/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'https://www.tmz.com/videos/071119-chris-morgan-women-4590005-0-zcsejvcr/',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Angry Bagel Shop Guy Says He Doesn\'t Trust Women',
+                'description': 'The enraged man who went viral for ranting about women on dating sites before getting ragdolled in a bagel shop is defending his misogyny ... he says it\'s women\'s fault in the first place.',
+                'timestamp': 1562889485,
+                'uploader': 'TMZ Staff',
+                'upload_date': '20190711',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://imagez.tmz.com/image/a8/4by3/2019/07/12/a85480d27b2f50a7bfea2322151d67a5_xl.jpg',
+                'duration': 123.0,
             },
         },
         {
-            "url": "http://www.tmz.com/2015/04/19/bobby-brown-bobbi-kristina-awake-video-concert",
-            "md5": "5429c85db8bde39a473a56ca8c4c5602",
-            "info_dict": {
-                "id": "http://www.tmz.com/2015/04/19/bobby-brown-bobbi-kristina-awake-video-concert",
-                "ext": "mp4",
-                "title": "Bobby Brown Tells Crowd ... Bobbi Kristina is Awake",
-                "description": 'Bobby Brown stunned his audience during a concert Saturday night, when he told the crowd, "Bobbi is awake.  She\'s watching me."',
-                "timestamp": 1429467813,
-                "uploader": "TMZ Staff",
-                "upload_date": "20150419",
-                "duration": 29.0,
-                "thumbnail": "https://imagez.tmz.com/image/15/4by3/2015/04/20/1539c7ae136359fc979236fa6a9449dd_xl.jpg",
+            'url': 'http://www.tmz.com/2015/04/19/bobby-brown-bobbi-kristina-awake-video-concert',
+            'md5': '5429c85db8bde39a473a56ca8c4c5602',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'http://www.tmz.com/2015/04/19/bobby-brown-bobbi-kristina-awake-video-concert',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Bobby Brown Tells Crowd ... Bobbi Kristina is Awake',
+                'description': 'Bobby Brown stunned his audience during a concert Saturday night, when he told the crowd, "Bobbi is awake.  She\'s watching me."',
+                'timestamp': 1429467813,
+                'uploader': 'TMZ Staff',
+                'upload_date': '20150419',
+                'duration': 29.0,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://imagez.tmz.com/image/15/4by3/2015/04/20/1539c7ae136359fc979236fa6a9449dd_xl.jpg',
             },
         },
         {
-            "url": "http://www.tmz.com/2015/09/19/patti-labelle-concert-fan-stripping-kicked-out-nicki-minaj/",
-            "info_dict": {
-                "id": "http://www.tmz.com/2015/09/19/patti-labelle-concert-fan-stripping-kicked-out-nicki-minaj/",
-                "ext": "mp4",
-                "title": "Patti LaBelle -- Goes Nuclear On Stripping Fan",
-                "description": "Patti LaBelle made it known loud and clear last night ... NO "
-                "ONE gets on her stage and strips down.",
-                "timestamp": 1442683746,
-                "uploader": "TMZ Staff",
-                "upload_date": "20150919",
-                "duration": 104.0,
-                "thumbnail": "https://imagez.tmz.com/image/5e/4by3/2015/09/20/5e57d7575062528082994e18ac3f0f48_xl.jpg",
+            'url': 'http://www.tmz.com/2015/09/19/patti-labelle-concert-fan-stripping-kicked-out-nicki-minaj/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'http://www.tmz.com/2015/09/19/patti-labelle-concert-fan-stripping-kicked-out-nicki-minaj/',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Patti LaBelle -- Goes Nuclear On Stripping Fan',
+                'description': 'Patti LaBelle made it known loud and clear last night ... NO '
+                'ONE gets on her stage and strips down.',
+                'timestamp': 1442683746,
+                'uploader': 'TMZ Staff',
+                'upload_date': '20150919',
+                'duration': 104.0,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://imagez.tmz.com/image/5e/4by3/2015/09/20/5e57d7575062528082994e18ac3f0f48_xl.jpg',
             },
         },
         {
-            "url": "http://www.tmz.com/2016/01/28/adam-silver-sting-drake-blake-griffin/",
-            "info_dict": {
-                "id": "http://www.tmz.com/2016/01/28/adam-silver-sting-drake-blake-griffin/",
-                "ext": "mp4",
-                "title": "NBA's Adam Silver -- Blake Griffin's a Great Guy ... He'll Learn from This",
-                "description": "Two pretty parts of this video with NBA Commish Adam Silver.",
-                "timestamp": 1454010989,
-                "uploader": "TMZ Staff",
-                "upload_date": "20160128",
-                "duration": 59.0,
-                "thumbnail": "https://imagez.tmz.com/image/38/4by3/2016/01/29/3856e83e0beb57059ec412122b842fb1_xl.jpg",
+            'url': 'http://www.tmz.com/2016/01/28/adam-silver-sting-drake-blake-griffin/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'http://www.tmz.com/2016/01/28/adam-silver-sting-drake-blake-griffin/',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'NBA\'s Adam Silver -- Blake Griffin\'s a Great Guy ... He\'ll Learn from This',
+                'description': 'Two pretty parts of this video with NBA Commish Adam Silver.',
+                'timestamp': 1454010989,
+                'uploader': 'TMZ Staff',
+                'upload_date': '20160128',
+                'duration': 59.0,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://imagez.tmz.com/image/38/4by3/2016/01/29/3856e83e0beb57059ec412122b842fb1_xl.jpg',
             },
         },
         {
-            "url": "http://www.tmz.com/2016/10/27/donald-trump-star-vandal-arrested-james-otis/",
-            "info_dict": {
-                "id": "http://www.tmz.com/2016/10/27/donald-trump-star-vandal-arrested-james-otis/",
-                "ext": "mp4",
-                "title": "Trump Star Vandal -- I'm Not Afraid of Donald or the Cops!",
-                "description": "James Otis is the the guy who took a pickaxe to Donald Trump's star on the Walk of Fame, and he tells TMZ .. he's ready and willing to go to jail for the crime.",
-                "timestamp": 1477500095,
-                "uploader": "TMZ Staff",
-                "upload_date": "20161026",
-                "thumbnail": "https://imagez.tmz.com/image/0d/4by3/2016/10/27/0d904814d4a75dcf9cc3b8cfd1edc1a3_xl.jpg",
-                "duration": 128.0,
+            'url': 'http://www.tmz.com/2016/10/27/donald-trump-star-vandal-arrested-james-otis/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'http://www.tmz.com/2016/10/27/donald-trump-star-vandal-arrested-james-otis/',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Trump Star Vandal -- I\'m Not Afraid of Donald or the Cops!',
+                'description': 'James Otis is the the guy who took a pickaxe to Donald Trump\'s star on the Walk of Fame, and he tells TMZ .. he\'s ready and willing to go to jail for the crime.',
+                'timestamp': 1477500095,
+                'uploader': 'TMZ Staff',
+                'upload_date': '20161026',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://imagez.tmz.com/image/0d/4by3/2016/10/27/0d904814d4a75dcf9cc3b8cfd1edc1a3_xl.jpg',
+                'duration': 128.0,
             },
         },
         {
-            "url": "https://www.tmz.com/videos/2020-10-31-103120-beverly-hills-protest-4878209/",
-            "info_dict": {
-                "id": "https://www.tmz.com/videos/2020-10-31-103120-beverly-hills-protest-4878209/",
-                "ext": "mp4",
-                "title": "Cops Use Billy Clubs Against Pro-Trump and Anti-Fascist "
-                "Demonstrators",
-                "description": "Beverly Hills may be an omen of what's coming next week, "
-                "because things got crazy on the streets and cops started "
-                "swinging their billy clubs at both Anti-Fascist and Pro-Trump "
-                "demonstrators.",
-                "timestamp": 1604182772,
-                "uploader": "TMZ Staff",
-                "upload_date": "20201031",
-                "duration": 96.0,
-                "thumbnail": "https://imagez.tmz.com/image/f3/4by3/2020/10/31/f37bd5a8aef84497866f425130c58be3_xl.jpg",
+            'url': 'https://www.tmz.com/videos/2020-10-31-103120-beverly-hills-protest-4878209/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'https://www.tmz.com/videos/2020-10-31-103120-beverly-hills-protest-4878209/',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Cops Use Billy Clubs Against Pro-Trump and Anti-Fascist '
+                'Demonstrators',
+                'description': 'Beverly Hills may be an omen of what\'s coming next week, '
+                'because things got crazy on the streets and cops started '
+                'swinging their billy clubs at both Anti-Fascist and Pro-Trump '
+                'demonstrators.',
+                'timestamp': 1604182772,
+                'uploader': 'TMZ Staff',
+                'upload_date': '20201031',
+                'duration': 96.0,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://imagez.tmz.com/image/f3/4by3/2020/10/31/f37bd5a8aef84497866f425130c58be3_xl.jpg',
             },
         },
         {
-            "url": "https://www.tmz.com/2020/11/05/gervonta-davis-car-crash-hit-and-run-police/",
-            "info_dict": {
-                "id": "Dddb6IGe-ws",
-                "ext": "mp4",
-                "title": "SICK LAMBO GERVONTA DAVIS IN HIS NEW RIDE RIGHT AFTER KO AFTER LEO  EsNews Boxing",
-                "uploader": "ESNEWS",
-                "description": "md5:49675bc58883ccf80474b8aa701e1064",
-                "upload_date": "20201102",
-                "uploader_id": "ESNEWS",
-                "uploader_url": "http://www.youtube.com/user/ESNEWS",
-                "like_count": int,
-                "channel_id": "UCI-Oq7oFGakzSzHFlTtsUsQ",
-                "channel": "ESNEWS",
-                "view_count": int,
-                "duration": 225,
-                "live_status": "not_live",
-                "thumbnail": "https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/Dddb6IGe-ws/maxresdefault.webp",
-                "channel_url": "https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCI-Oq7oFGakzSzHFlTtsUsQ",
-                "channel_follower_count": int,
-                "playable_in_embed": True,
-                "categories": ["Sports"],
-                "age_limit": 0,
-                "tags": "count:10",
-                "availability": "public",
+            'url': 'https://www.tmz.com/2020/11/05/gervonta-davis-car-crash-hit-and-run-police/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'Dddb6IGe-ws',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'SICK LAMBO GERVONTA DAVIS IN HIS NEW RIDE RIGHT AFTER KO AFTER LEO  EsNews Boxing',
+                'uploader': 'ESNEWS',
+                'description': 'md5:49675bc58883ccf80474b8aa701e1064',
+                'upload_date': '20201102',
+                'uploader_id': '@ESNEWS',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ESNEWS',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'UCI-Oq7oFGakzSzHFlTtsUsQ',
+                'channel': 'ESNEWS',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'duration': 225,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/Dddb6IGe-ws/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCI-Oq7oFGakzSzHFlTtsUsQ',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'categories': ['Sports'],
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'tags': 'count:10',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'comment_count': int,
             },
         },
         {
-            "url": "https://www.tmz.com/2020/11/19/conor-mcgregor-dustin-poirier-contract-fight-ufc-257-fight-island/",
-            "info_dict": {
-                "id": "1329450007125225473",
-                "ext": "mp4",
-                "title": "The Mac Life - BREAKING: Conor McGregor (@thenotoriousmma) has signed his bout agreement for his rematch with Dustin Poirier for January 23.",
-                "uploader": "The Mac Life",
-                "description": "md5:56e6009bbc3d12498e10d08a8e1f1c69",
-                "upload_date": "20201119",
-                "uploader_id": "TheMacLife",
-                "timestamp": 1605800556,
-                "thumbnail": "https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EnMmfT8XYAExgxJ.jpg?name=small",
-                "like_count": int,
-                "duration": 11.812,
-                "uploader_url": "https://twitter.com/TheMacLife",
-                "age_limit": 0,
-                "repost_count": int,
-                "tags": [],
-                "comment_count": int,
+            'url': 'https://www.tmz.com/2020/11/19/conor-mcgregor-dustin-poirier-contract-fight-ufc-257-fight-island/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1329448013937471491',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'The Mac Life - BREAKING: Conor McGregor (@thenotoriousmma) has signed his bout agreement for his rematch with Dustin Poirier for January 23.',
+                'uploader': 'The Mac Life',
+                'description': 'md5:56e6009bbc3d12498e10d08a8e1f1c69',
+                'upload_date': '20201119',
+                'display_id': '1329450007125225473',
+                'uploader_id': 'TheMacLife',
+                'timestamp': 1605800556,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/media/EnMmfT8XYAExgxJ.jpg?name=small',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'duration': 11.812,
+                'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/TheMacLife',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'tags': [],
+                'comment_count': int,
             },
         },
     ]
@@ -167,25 +169,25 @@ class TMZIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, url)
         jsonld = self._search_json_ld(webpage, url)
-        if not jsonld or "url" not in jsonld:
+        if not jsonld or 'url' not in jsonld:
             # try to extract from YouTube Player API
             # see https://developers.google.com/youtube/iframe_api_reference#Video_Queueing_Functions
             match_obj = re.search(r'\.cueVideoById\(\s*(?P<quote>[\'"])(?P<id>.*?)(?P=quote)', webpage)
             if match_obj:
-                res = self.url_result(match_obj.group("id"))
+                res = self.url_result(match_obj.group('id'))
                 return res
             # try to extract from twitter
-            blockquote_el = get_element_by_attribute("class", "twitter-tweet", webpage)
+            blockquote_el = get_element_by_attribute('class', 'twitter-tweet', webpage)
             if blockquote_el:
                 matches = re.findall(
                     r'<a[^>]+href=\s*(?P<quote>[\'"])(?P<link>.*?)(?P=quote)',
                     blockquote_el)
                 if matches:
                     for _, match in matches:
-                        if "/status/" in match:
+                        if '/status/' in match:
                             res = self.url_result(match)
                             return res
-            raise ExtractorError("No video found!")
+            raise ExtractorError('No video found!')
         if id not in jsonld:
-            jsonld["id"] = url
+            jsonld['id'] = url
         return jsonld
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/toutv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/toutv.py
index f60c199f0..ced1224fa 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/toutv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/toutv.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
 
 from .radiocanada import RadioCanadaIE
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -52,8 +52,8 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                     'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8',
                 })['access_token']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), None)['Message']
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), None)['Message']
                 raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
             raise
         self._claims = self._call_api('validation/v2/getClaims')['claims']
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/triller.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/triller.py
index acd9e68d2..56e51fea8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/triller.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/triller.py
@@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
 import itertools
 import json
+import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    UnsupportedError,
+    determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_resolution,
     str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
-    unified_strdate,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_basename,
+    urljoin,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
@@ -22,25 +28,22 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         if self._API_HEADERS.get('Authorization'):
             return
 
-        user_check = self._download_json(
+        headers = {**self._API_HEADERS, 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
+        user_check = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/api/user/is-valid-username', None, note='Checking username',
-            fatal=False, expected_status=400, headers={
-                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-                'Origin': 'https://triller.co',
-            }, data=json.dumps({'username': username}, separators=(',', ':')).encode('utf-8'))
-        if user_check.get('status'):  # endpoint returns "status":false if username exists
+            fatal=False, expected_status=400, headers=headers,
+            data=json.dumps({'username': username}, separators=(',', ':')).encode()), 'status')
+
+        if user_check:  # endpoint returns `"status":false` if username exists
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to login: Invalid username', expected=True)
 
-        credentials = {
-            'username': username,
-            'password': password,
-        }
         login = self._download_json(
-            f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/user/auth', None, note='Logging in',
-            fatal=False, expected_status=400, headers={
-                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-                'Origin': 'https://triller.co',
-            }, data=json.dumps(credentials, separators=(',', ':')).encode('utf-8'))
+            f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/user/auth', None, note='Logging in', fatal=False,
+            expected_status=400, headers=headers, data=json.dumps({
+                'username': username,
+                'password': password,
+            }, separators=(',', ':')).encode()) or {}
+
         if not login.get('auth_token'):
             if login.get('error') == 1008:
                 raise ExtractorError('Unable to login: Incorrect password', expected=True)
@@ -55,100 +58,93 @@ def _get_comments(self, video_id, limit=15):
             headers=self._API_HEADERS, query={'limit': limit}) or {}
         if not comment_info.get('comments'):
             return
-        for comment_dict in comment_info['comments']:
-            yield {
-                'author': traverse_obj(comment_dict, ('author', 'username')),
-                'author_id': traverse_obj(comment_dict, ('author', 'user_id')),
-                'id': comment_dict.get('id'),
-                'text': comment_dict.get('body'),
-                'timestamp': unified_timestamp(comment_dict.get('timestamp')),
+        yield from traverse_obj(comment_info, ('comments', ..., {
+            'id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+            'text': 'body',
+            'author': ('author', 'username'),
+            'author_id': ('author', 'user_id'),
+            'timestamp': ('timestamp', {unified_timestamp}),
+        }))
+
+    def _parse_video_info(self, video_info, username, user_id, display_id=None):
+        video_id = str(video_info['id'])
+        display_id = display_id or video_info.get('video_uuid')
+
+        if traverse_obj(video_info, (
+                None, ('transcoded_url', 'video_url', 'stream_url', 'audio_url'),
+                {lambda x: re.search(r'/copyright/', x)}), get_all=False):
+            self.raise_no_formats('This video has been removed due to licensing restrictions', expected=True)
+
+        def format_info(url):
+            return {
+                'url': url,
+                'ext': determine_ext(url),
+                'format_id': url_basename(url).split('.')[0],
             }
 
-    def _check_user_info(self, user_info):
-        if not user_info:
-            self.report_warning('Unable to extract user info')
-        elif user_info.get('private') and not user_info.get('followed_by_me'):
-            raise ExtractorError('This video is private', expected=True)
-        elif traverse_obj(user_info, 'blocked_by_user', 'blocking_user'):
-            raise ExtractorError('The author of the video is blocked', expected=True)
-        return user_info
-
-    def _parse_video_info(self, video_info, username, user_info=None):
-        video_uuid = video_info.get('video_uuid')
-        video_id = video_info.get('id')
-
         formats = []
-        video_url = traverse_obj(video_info, 'video_url', 'stream_url')
-        if video_url:
+
+        if determine_ext(video_info.get('transcoded_url')) == 'm3u8':
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                video_info['transcoded_url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+
+        for video in traverse_obj(video_info, ('video_set', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
             formats.append({
-                'url': video_url,
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'vcodec': 'h264',
-                'width': video_info.get('width'),
-                'height': video_info.get('height'),
-                'format_id': url_basename(video_url).split('.')[0],
-                'filesize': video_info.get('filesize'),
-            })
-        video_set = video_info.get('video_set') or []
-        for video in video_set:
-            resolution = video.get('resolution') or ''
-            formats.append({
-                'url': video['url'],
-                'ext': 'mp4',
+                **format_info(video['url']),
+                **parse_resolution(video.get('resolution')),
                 'vcodec': video.get('codec'),
                 'vbr': int_or_none(video.get('bitrate'), 1000),
-                'width': int_or_none(resolution.split('x')[0]),
-                'height': int_or_none(resolution.split('x')[1]),
-                'format_id': url_basename(video['url']).split('.')[0],
             })
-        audio_url = video_info.get('audio_url')
-        if audio_url:
+
+        video_url = traverse_obj(video_info, 'video_url', 'stream_url', expected_type=url_or_none)
+        if video_url:
             formats.append({
-                'url': audio_url,
-                'ext': 'm4a',
-                'format_id': url_basename(audio_url).split('.')[0],
+                **format_info(video_url),
+                'vcodec': 'h264',
+                **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                    'width': 'width',
+                    'height': 'height',
+                    'filesize': 'filesize',
+                }, expected_type=int_or_none),
             })
 
-        manifest_url = video_info.get('transcoded_url')
-        if manifest_url:
-            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-                m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+        audio_url = url_or_none(video_info.get('audio_url'))
+        if audio_url:
+            formats.append(format_info(audio_url))
 
-        comment_count = int_or_none(video_info.get('comment_count'))
-
-        user_info = user_info or traverse_obj(video_info, 'user', default={})
+        comment_count = traverse_obj(video_info, ('comment_count', {int_or_none}))
 
         return {
-            'id': str_or_none(video_id) or video_uuid,
-            'title': video_info.get('description') or f'Video by {username}',
-            'thumbnail': video_info.get('thumbnail_url'),
-            'description': video_info.get('description'),
-            'uploader': str_or_none(username),
-            'uploader_id': str_or_none(user_info.get('user_id')),
-            'creator': str_or_none(user_info.get('name')),
-            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(video_info.get('timestamp')),
-            'upload_date': unified_strdate(video_info.get('timestamp')),
-            'duration': int_or_none(video_info.get('duration')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(video_info.get('play_count')),
-            'like_count': int_or_none(video_info.get('likes_count')),
-            'artist': str_or_none(video_info.get('song_artist')),
-            'track': str_or_none(video_info.get('song_title')),
-            'webpage_url': f'https://triller.co/@{username}/video/{video_uuid}',
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'uploader': username,
+            'uploader_id': user_id or traverse_obj(video_info, ('user', 'user_id', {str_or_none})),
+            'webpage_url': urljoin(f'https://triller.co/@{username}/video/', display_id),
             'uploader_url': f'https://triller.co/@{username}',
             'extractor_key': TrillerIE.ie_key(),
             'extractor': TrillerIE.IE_NAME,
             'formats': formats,
             'comment_count': comment_count,
             '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(video_id, comment_count),
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'title': ('description', {lambda x: x.replace('\r\n', ' ')}),
+                'description': 'description',
+                'creator': ((('user'), ('users', lambda _, v: str(v['user_id']) == user_id)), 'name'),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail_url', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('timestamp', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('play_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('likes_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'artist': 'song_artist',
+                'track': 'song_title',
+            }, get_all=False),
         }
 
 
 class TrillerIE(TrillerBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
             https?://(?:www\.)?triller\.co/
-            @(?P<username>[\w\._]+)/video/
-            (?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{12})
+            @(?P<username>[\w.]+)/video/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})
         '''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://triller.co/@theestallion/video/2358fcd7-3df2-4c77-84c8-1d091610a6cf',
@@ -165,16 +161,14 @@ class TrillerIE(TrillerBaseIE):
             'timestamp': 1660598222,
             'upload_date': '20220815',
             'duration': 47,
-            'height': 3840,
-            'width': 2160,
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'artist': 'Megan Thee Stallion',
             'track': 'Her',
-            'webpage_url': 'https://triller.co/@theestallion/video/2358fcd7-3df2-4c77-84c8-1d091610a6cf',
             'uploader_url': 'https://triller.co/@theestallion',
             'comment_count': int,
-        }
+        },
+        'skip': 'This video has been removed due to licensing restrictions',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://triller.co/@charlidamelio/video/46c6fcfa-aa9e-4503-a50c-68444f44cddc',
         'md5': '874055f462af5b0699b9dbb527a505a0',
@@ -182,6 +176,7 @@ class TrillerIE(TrillerBaseIE):
             'id': '71621339',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'md5:4c91ea82760fe0fffb71b8c3aa7295fc',
+            'display_id': '46c6fcfa-aa9e-4503-a50c-68444f44cddc',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https://uploads\.cdn\.triller\.co/.+\.jpg$',
             'description': 'md5:4c91ea82760fe0fffb71b8c3aa7295fc',
             'uploader': 'charlidamelio',
@@ -190,59 +185,73 @@ class TrillerIE(TrillerBaseIE):
             'timestamp': 1660773354,
             'upload_date': '20220817',
             'duration': 16,
-            'height': 1920,
-            'width': 1080,
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'artist': 'Dixie',
             'track': 'Someone to Blame',
-            'webpage_url': 'https://triller.co/@charlidamelio/video/46c6fcfa-aa9e-4503-a50c-68444f44cddc',
             'uploader_url': 'https://triller.co/@charlidamelio',
             'comment_count': int,
-        }
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://triller.co/@theestallion/video/07f35f38-1f51-48e2-8c5f-f7a8e829988f',
+        'md5': 'af7b3553e4b8bfca507636471ee2eb41',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '71837829',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'UNGRATEFUL VIDEO OUT NOW 👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾 💙💙 link my bio  #womeninhiphop',
+            'display_id': '07f35f38-1f51-48e2-8c5f-f7a8e829988f',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://uploads\.cdn\.triller\.co/.+\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'UNGRATEFUL VIDEO OUT NOW 👏🏾👏🏾👏🏾 💙💙 link my bio\r\n #womeninhiphop',
+            'uploader': 'theestallion',
+            'uploader_id': '18992236',
+            'creator': 'Megan Thee Stallion',
+            'timestamp': 1662486178,
+            'upload_date': '20220906',
+            'duration': 30,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'artist': 'Unknown',
+            'track': 'Unknown',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://triller.co/@theestallion',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        username, video_uuid = self._match_valid_url(url).group('username', 'id')
+        username, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('username', 'id')
 
-        video_info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/api/videos/{video_uuid}',
-            video_uuid, note='Downloading video info API JSON',
-            errnote='Unable to download video info API JSON',
-            headers=self._API_HEADERS), ('videos', 0))
-        if not video_info:
-            raise ExtractorError('No video info found in API response')
+        video_info = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/api/videos/{display_id}', display_id,
+            headers=self._API_HEADERS)['videos'][0]
 
-        user_info = self._check_user_info(video_info.get('user') or {})
-        return self._parse_video_info(video_info, username, user_info)
+        return self._parse_video_info(video_info, username, None, display_id)
 
 
 class TrillerUserIE(TrillerBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?triller\.co/@(?P<id>[\w\._]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?triller\.co/@(?P<id>[\w.]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
     _TESTS = [{
-        # first videos request only returns 2 videos
         'url': 'https://triller.co/@theestallion',
-        'playlist_mincount': 9,
+        'playlist_mincount': 12,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '18992236',
             'title': 'theestallion',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https://uploads\.cdn\.triller\.co/.+\.jpg$',
-        }
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://triller.co/@charlidamelio',
-        'playlist_mincount': 25,
+        'playlist_mincount': 150,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1875551',
             'title': 'charlidamelio',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https://uploads\.cdn\.triller\.co/.+\.jpg$',
-        }
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
         if not self._API_HEADERS.get('Authorization'):
             guest = self._download_json(
-                f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/user/create_guest',
-                None, note='Creating guest session', data=b'', headers=self._API_HEADERS, query={
+                f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/user/create_guest', None,
+                note='Creating guest session', data=b'', headers=self._API_HEADERS, query={
                     'platform': 'Web',
                     'app_version': '',
                 })
@@ -251,44 +260,70 @@ def _real_initialize(self):
 
             self._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {guest["auth_token"]}'
 
-    def _extract_video_list(self, username, user_id, limit=6):
-        query = {
-            'limit': limit,
-        }
+    def _entries(self, username, user_id, limit=6):
+        query = {'limit': limit}
         for page in itertools.count(1):
-            for retry in self.RetryManager():
-                try:
-                    video_list = self._download_json(
-                        f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/api/users/{user_id}/videos',
-                        username, note=f'Downloading user video list page {page}',
-                        errnote='Unable to download user video list', headers=self._API_HEADERS,
-                        query=query)
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    if isinstance(e.cause, json.JSONDecodeError) and e.cause.pos == 0:
-                        retry.error = e
-                        continue
-                    raise
-            if not video_list.get('videos'):
-                break
-            yield from video_list['videos']
-            query['before_time'] = traverse_obj(video_list, ('videos', -1, 'timestamp'))
+            videos = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/api/users/{user_id}/videos',
+                username, note=f'Downloading user video list page {page}',
+                headers=self._API_HEADERS, query=query)
+
+            for video in traverse_obj(videos, ('videos', ...)):
+                yield self._parse_video_info(video, username, user_id)
+
+            query['before_time'] = traverse_obj(videos, ('videos', -1, 'timestamp'))
             if not query['before_time']:
                 break
 
-    def _entries(self, videos, username, user_info):
-        for video in videos:
-            yield self._parse_video_info(video, username, user_info)
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         username = self._match_id(url)
-        user_info = self._check_user_info(self._download_json(
+
+        user_info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/api/users/by_username/{username}',
-            username, note='Downloading user info',
-            errnote='Failed to download user info', headers=self._API_HEADERS).get('user', {}))
+            username, note='Downloading user info', headers=self._API_HEADERS), ('user', {dict})) or {}
+
+        if user_info.get('private') and user_info.get('followed_by_me') not in (True, 'true'):
+            raise ExtractorError('This user profile is private', expected=True)
+        elif traverse_obj(user_info, (('blocked_by_user', 'blocking_user'), {bool}), get_all=False):
+            raise ExtractorError('The author of the video is blocked', expected=True)
 
         user_id = str_or_none(user_info.get('user_id'))
-        videos = self._extract_video_list(username, user_id)
-        thumbnail = user_info.get('avatar_url')
+        if not user_id:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract user ID')
 
         return self.playlist_result(
-            self._entries(videos, username, user_info), user_id, username, thumbnail=thumbnail)
+            self._entries(username, user_id), user_id, username, thumbnail=user_info.get('avatar_url'))
+
+
+class TrillerShortIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://v\.triller\.co/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://v.triller.co/WWZNWk',
+        'md5': '5eb8dc2c971bd8cd794ec9e8d5e9d101',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '66210052',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:2dfc89d154cd91a4a18cd9582ba03e16',
+            'display_id': 'f4480e1f-fb4e-45b9-a44c-9e6c679ce7eb',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://uploads\.cdn\.triller\.co/.+\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'md5:2dfc89d154cd91a4a18cd9582ba03e16',
+            'uploader': 'statefairent',
+            'uploader_id': '487545193',
+            'creator': 'Official Summer Fair of LA',
+            'timestamp': 1629655457,
+            'upload_date': '20210822',
+            'duration': 19,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'artist': 'Unknown',
+            'track': 'Unknown',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://triller.co/@statefairent',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        real_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(url), self._match_id(url)).url
+        if self.suitable(real_url):  # Prevent infinite loop in case redirect fails
+            raise UnsupportedError(real_url)
+        return self.url_result(real_url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/trueid.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/trueid.py
index 696343627..86f0990e8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/trueid.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/trueid.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -88,9 +88,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             stream_data = self._download_json(
                 f'https://{domain}/cmsPostProxy/contents/video/{video_id}/streamer?os=android', video_id, data=b'')['data']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
+            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
                 raise e
-            errmsg = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)['meta']['message']
+            errmsg = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)['meta']['message']
             if 'country' in errmsg:
                 self.raise_geo_restricted(
                     errmsg, [initial_data['display_country']] if initial_data.get('display_country') else None, True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py
index 2199fea19..a351e4e55 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             return
 
         content, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
-            urlh.geturl(), None, fatal=False, headers={'referer': urlh.geturl()},
+            urlh.url, None, fatal=False, headers={'referer': urlh.url},
             note='logging in', errnote='unable to log in',
             data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'lang': 'de',
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                 'j_username': username,
                 'j_password': password
             }))
-        if not urlh or urlh.geturl() == 'https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/index.html':
+        if not urlh or urlh.url == 'https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/index.html':
             return
 
         if not self._html_search_regex(
@@ -40,14 +40,14 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             return
 
         content, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
-            urlh.geturl(), None, fatal=False, headers={'referer': urlh.geturl()},
+            urlh.url, None, fatal=False, headers={'referer': urlh.url},
             note='logging in with TFA', errnote='unable to log in with TFA',
             data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'lang': 'de',
                 '_eventId_proceed': '',
                 'j_tokenNumber': self._get_tfa_info(),
             }))
-        if not urlh or urlh.geturl() == 'https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/index.html':
+        if not urlh or urlh.url == 'https://tube.tugraz.at/paella/ui/index.html':
             return
 
         self.report_warning('unable to login: incorrect TFA code')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py
index de8b5da69..bd46bc363 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import Request
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
-    sanitized_Request,
-    urlencode_postdata,
     traverse_obj,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
@@ -72,8 +72,8 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             'password': password,
         }
         payload = urlencode_postdata(form_data)
-        request = sanitized_Request(self._LOGIN_URL, payload)
-        request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
+        request = Request(self._LOGIN_URL, payload)
+        request.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
         login_page = self._download_webpage(
             request, None, False, 'Wrong login info')
         if not re.search(r'id="tubi-logout"', login_page):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
index 88d4ae32d..a26bdcaae 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
@@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         url = f'http://{blog}.tumblr.com/post/{video_id}/'
         webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
 
-        redirect_url = urlh.geturl()
+        redirect_url = urlh.url
 
         api_only = bool(self._search_regex(
             r'(tumblr.com|^)/(safe-mode|login_required|blog/view)',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tunein.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tunein.py
index e02121bd8..fd2fe132c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tunein.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tunein.py
@@ -225,10 +225,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         urlh = self._request_webpage(
             url, redirect_id, note='Downloading redirect page')
 
-        url = urlh.geturl()
+        url = urlh.url
         url_parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
         if url_parsed.port == 443:
-            url = url_parsed._replace(netloc=url_parsed.hostname).geturl()
+            url = url_parsed._replace(netloc=url_parsed.hostname).url
 
         self.to_screen('Following redirect: %s' % url)
         return self.url_result(url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tv2.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tv2.py
index c51e63371..f6b452dc8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tv2.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tv2.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -57,8 +57,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                                            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'},
                                            data='{"device":{"id":"1-1-1","name":"Nettleser (HTML)"}}'.encode())['playback']
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                    error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)['error']
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                    error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)['error']
                     error_code = error.get('code')
                     if error_code == 'ASSET_PLAYBACK_INVALID_GEO_LOCATION':
                         self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     api_base + '/play.json?protocol=%s&videoFormat=SMIL+ISMUSP' % protocol,
                     video_id, 'Downloading play JSON')['playback']
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                    error = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)['error']
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                    error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)['error']
                     error_code = error.get('code')
                     if error_code == 'ASSET_PLAYBACK_INVALID_GEO_LOCATION':
                         self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tv4.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tv4.py
index 1378a6f57..10a2fe6e2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tv4.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tv4.py
@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    bool_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
@@ -20,19 +23,25 @@ class TV4IE(InfoExtractor):
                 sport/|
             )
         )(?P<id>[0-9]+)'''
-    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['SE']
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _TESTS = [
         {
+            # not geo-restricted
             'url': 'http://www.tv4.se/kalla-fakta/klipp/kalla-fakta-5-english-subtitles-2491650',
             'md5': 'cb837212f342d77cec06e6dad190e96d',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '2491650',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Kalla Fakta 5 (english subtitles)',
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-                'timestamp': int,
+                'description': '2491650',
+                'series': 'Kalla fakta',
+                'duration': 1335,
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^/?#]+/api/v2/img/',
+                'timestamp': 1385373240,
                 'upload_date': '20131125',
             },
+            'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+            'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m manifest'],
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://www.tv4play.se/iframe/video/3054113',
@@ -46,6 +55,7 @@ class TV4IE(InfoExtractor):
                 'timestamp': int,
                 'upload_date': '20150130',
             },
+            'skip': '404 Not Found',
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://www.tv4play.se/sport/3060959',
@@ -69,29 +79,28 @@ class TV4IE(InfoExtractor):
         }
     ]
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        info = self._download_json(
-            'https://playback-api.b17g.net/asset/%s' % video_id,
-            video_id, 'Downloading video info JSON', query={
-                'service': 'tv4',
-                'device': 'browser',
-                'protocol': 'hls,dash',
-                'drm': 'widevine',
-            })['metadata']
-
-        title = info['title']
-
-        manifest_url = self._download_json(
-            'https://playback-api.b17g.net/media/' + video_id,
-            video_id, query={
+    def _call_api(self, endpoint, video_id, headers=None, query={}):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://playback2.a2d.tv/{endpoint}/{video_id}', video_id,
+            f'Downloading {endpoint} API JSON', headers=headers, query={
                 'service': 'tv4',
                 'device': 'browser',
                 'protocol': 'hls',
-            })['playbackItem']['manifestUrl']
-        formats = []
-        subtitles = {}
+                **query,
+            })
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        info = traverse_obj(self._call_api('asset', video_id, query={
+            'protocol': 'hls,dash',
+            'drm': 'widevine',
+        }), ('metadata', {dict})) or {}
+
+        manifest_url = self._call_api(
+            'play', video_id, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())['playbackItem']['manifestUrl']
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
 
         fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
             manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4',
@@ -117,20 +126,24 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
 
         if not formats and info.get('is_geo_restricted'):
-            self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES, metadata_available=True)
+            self.raise_geo_restricted(
+                'This video is not available from your location due to geo-restriction, or not being authenticated',
+                countries=['SE'])
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'description': info.get('description'),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(info.get('broadcast_date_time')),
-            'duration': int_or_none(info.get('duration')),
-            'thumbnail': info.get('image'),
-            'is_live': info.get('isLive') is True,
-            'series': info.get('seriesTitle'),
-            'season_number': int_or_none(info.get('seasonNumber')),
-            'episode': info.get('episodeTitle'),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(info.get('episodeNumber')),
+            **traverse_obj(info, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': (('broadcast_date_time', 'broadcastDateTime'), {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                'is_live': ('isLive', {bool_or_none}),
+                'series': ('seriesTitle', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode': ('episodeTitle', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+            }, get_all=False),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tv5mondeplus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tv5mondeplus.py
index bd0be784d..4da1b26d1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tv5mondeplus.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tv5mondeplus.py
@@ -1,10 +1,14 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     extract_attributes,
     int_or_none,
     parse_duration,
+    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
@@ -12,6 +16,36 @@ class TV5MondePlusIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'TV5MONDE+'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:tv5mondeplus|revoir\.tv5monde)\.com/toutes-les-videos/[^/]+/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
+        # movie
+        'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/cinema/les-novices',
+        'md5': 'c86f60bf8b75436455b1b205f9745955',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ZX0ipMyFQq_6D4BA7b',
+            'display_id': 'les-novices',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Les novices',
+            'description': 'md5:2e7c33ba3ad48dabfcc2a956b88bde2b',
+            'upload_date': '20230821',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/uploads/media/video_thumbnail/0738/60/01e952b7ccf36b7c6007ec9131588954ab651de9.jpeg',
+            'duration': 5177,
+            'episode': 'Les novices',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # series episode
+        'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/series-fictions/opj-les-dents-de-la-terre-2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'wJ0eeEPozr_6D4BA7b',
+            'display_id': 'opj-les-dents-de-la-terre-2',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': "OPJ - Les dents de la Terre (2)",
+            'description': 'md5:288f87fd68d993f814e66e60e5302d9d',
+            'upload_date': '20230823',
+            'series': 'OPJ',
+            'episode': 'Les dents de la Terre (2)',
+            'duration': 2877,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://dl-revoir.tv5monde.com/images/1a/5753448.jpg'
+        },
+    }, {
         # movie
         'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/cinema/ceux-qui-travaillent',
         'md5': '32fa0cde16a4480d1251502a66856d5f',
@@ -23,6 +57,7 @@ class TV5MondePlusIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:570e8bb688036ace873b2d50d24c026d',
             'upload_date': '20210819',
         },
+        'skip': 'no longer available',
     }, {
         # series episode
         'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/series-fictions/vestiaires-caro-actrice',
@@ -39,6 +74,7 @@ class TV5MondePlusIE(InfoExtractor):
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'no longer available',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://revoir.tv5monde.com/toutes-les-videos/series-fictions/neuf-jours-en-hiver-neuf-jours-en-hiver',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -63,20 +99,45 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_files = self._parse_json(
             vpl_data['data-broadcast'], display_id)
         formats = []
-        for video_file in video_files:
-            v_url = video_file.get('url')
-            if not v_url:
-                continue
-            video_format = video_file.get('format') or determine_ext(v_url)
-            if video_format == 'm3u8':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    v_url, display_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
-                    m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-            else:
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': v_url,
-                    'format_id': video_format,
-                })
+        video_id = None
+
+        def process_video_files(v):
+            nonlocal video_id
+            for video_file in v:
+                v_url = video_file.get('url')
+                if not v_url:
+                    continue
+                if video_file.get('type') == 'application/deferred':
+                    d_param = urllib.parse.quote(v_url)
+                    token = video_file.get('token')
+                    if not token:
+                        continue
+                    deferred_json = self._download_json(
+                        f'https://api.tv5monde.com/player/asset/{d_param}/resolve?condenseKS=true', display_id,
+                        note='Downloading deferred info', headers={'Authorization': f'Bearer {token}'}, fatal=False)
+                    v_url = traverse_obj(deferred_json, (0, 'url', {url_or_none}))
+                    if not v_url:
+                        continue
+                    # data-guid from the webpage isn't stable, use the material id from the json urls
+                    video_id = self._search_regex(
+                        r'materials/([\da-zA-Z]{10}_[\da-fA-F]{7})/', v_url, 'video id', default=None)
+                    process_video_files(deferred_json)
+
+                video_format = video_file.get('format') or determine_ext(v_url)
+                if video_format == 'm3u8':
+                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                        v_url, display_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
+                        m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+                elif video_format == 'mpd':
+                    formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                        v_url, display_id, fatal=False))
+                else:
+                    formats.append({
+                        'url': v_url,
+                        'format_id': video_format,
+                    })
+
+        process_video_files(video_files)
 
         metadata = self._parse_json(
             vpl_data['data-metadata'], display_id)
@@ -100,10 +161,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if upload_date:
             upload_date = upload_date.replace('_', '')
 
-        video_id = self._search_regex(
-            (r'data-guid=["\']([\da-f]{8}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{12})',
-             r'id_contenu["\']\s:\s*(\d+)'), webpage, 'video id',
-            default=display_id)
+        if not video_id:
+            video_id = self._search_regex(
+                (r'data-guid=["\']([\da-f]{8}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{12})',
+                 r'id_contenu["\']\s:\s*(\d+)'), webpage, 'video id',
+                default=display_id)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvp.py
index f8ded2646..2aa0dd870 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvp.py
@@ -482,21 +482,34 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 class TVPVODBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_BASE_URL = 'https://vod.tvp.pl/api/products'
 
-    def _call_api(self, resource, video_id, **kwargs):
-        return self._download_json(
+    def _call_api(self, resource, video_id, query={}, **kwargs):
+        is_valid = lambda x: 200 <= x < 300
+        document, urlh = self._download_json_handle(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/{resource}', video_id,
-            query={'lang': 'pl', 'platform': 'BROWSER'}, **kwargs)
+            query={'lang': 'pl', 'platform': 'BROWSER', **query},
+            expected_status=lambda x: is_valid(x) or 400 <= x < 500, **kwargs)
+        if is_valid(urlh.status):
+            return document
+        raise ExtractorError(f'Woronicza said: {document.get("code")} (HTTP {urlh.status})')
 
-    def _parse_video(self, video):
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url',
-            'url': 'tvp:' + video['externalUid'],
-            'ie_key': TVPEmbedIE.ie_key(),
-            'title': video.get('title'),
-            'description': traverse_obj(video, ('lead', 'description')),
-            'age_limit': int_or_none(video.get('rating')),
-            'duration': int_or_none(video.get('duration')),
-        }
+    def _parse_video(self, video, with_url=True):
+        info_dict = traverse_obj(video, {
+            'id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+            'title': 'title',
+            'age_limit': ('rating', {int_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            'episode_number': ('number', {int_or_none}),
+            'series': ('season', 'serial', 'title', {str_or_none}),
+            'thumbnails': ('images', ..., ..., {'url': ('url', {url_or_none})}),
+        })
+        info_dict['description'] = clean_html(dict_get(video, ('lead', 'description')))
+        if with_url:
+            info_dict.update({
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'url': video['webUrl'],
+                'ie_key': TVPVODVideoIE.ie_key(),
+            })
+        return info_dict
 
 
 class TVPVODVideoIE(TVPVODBaseIE):
@@ -506,37 +519,70 @@ class TVPVODVideoIE(TVPVODBaseIE):
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://vod.tvp.pl/dla-dzieci,24/laboratorium-alchemika-odcinki,309338/odcinek-24,S01E24,311357',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '60468609',
+            'id': '311357',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Laboratorium alchemika, Tusze termiczne. Jak zobaczyć niewidoczne. Odcinek 24',
+            'title': 'Tusze termiczne. Jak zobaczyć niewidoczne. Odcinek 24',
             'description': 'md5:1d4098d3e537092ccbac1abf49b7cd4c',
             'duration': 300,
             'episode_number': 24,
             'episode': 'Episode 24',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'series': 'Laboratorium alchemika',
-            'thumbnail': 're:https://.+',
+            'thumbnail': 're:https?://.+',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://vod.tvp.pl/filmy-dokumentalne,163/ukrainski-sluga-narodu,339667',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '51640077',
+            'id': '339667',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ukraiński sługa narodu, Ukraiński sługa narodu',
-            'series': 'Ukraiński sługa narodu',
+            'title': 'Ukraiński sługa narodu',
             'description': 'md5:b7940c0a8e439b0c81653a986f544ef3',
             'age_limit': 12,
-            'episode': 'Episode 0',
-            'episode_number': 0,
             'duration': 3051,
-            'thumbnail': 're:https://.+',
+            'thumbnail': 're:https?://.+',
+            'subtitles': 'count:2',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'note': 'embed fails with "payment required"',
+        'url': 'https://vod.tvp.pl/seriale,18/polowanie-na-cmy-odcinki,390116/odcinek-7,S01E07,398869',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '398869',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'odc. 7',
+            'description': 'md5:dd2bb33f023dc5c2fbaddfbe4cb5dba0',
+            'duration': 2750,
+            'age_limit': 16,
+            'series': 'Polowanie na ćmy',
+            'episode_number': 7,
+            'episode': 'Episode 7',
+            'thumbnail': 're:https?://.+',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        return self._parse_video(self._call_api(f'vods/{video_id}', video_id))
+        info_dict = self._parse_video(self._call_api(f'vods/{video_id}', video_id), with_url=False)
+
+        playlist = self._call_api(f'{video_id}/videos/playlist', video_id, query={'videoType': 'MOVIE'})
+
+        info_dict['formats'] = []
+        for manifest_url in traverse_obj(playlist, ('sources', 'HLS', ..., 'src')):
+            info_dict['formats'].extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False))
+        for manifest_url in traverse_obj(playlist, ('sources', 'DASH', ..., 'src')):
+            info_dict['formats'].extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False))
+
+        info_dict['subtitles'] = {}
+        for sub in playlist.get('subtitles') or []:
+            info_dict['subtitles'].setdefault(sub.get('language') or 'und', []).append({
+                'url': sub['url'],
+                'ext': 'ttml',
+            })
+
+        return info_dict
 
 
 class TVPVODSeriesIE(TVPVODBaseIE):
@@ -551,7 +597,7 @@ class TVPVODSeriesIE(TVPVODBaseIE):
             'age_limit': 12,
             'categories': ['seriale'],
         },
-        'playlist_count': 129,
+        'playlist_count': 130,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://vod.tvp.pl/programy,88/rolnik-szuka-zony-odcinki,284514',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvplay.py
index 9ef4f962c..48a6efe1c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvplay.py
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_urlparse,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_urlparse
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     determine_ext,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -30,10 +28,7 @@ class TVPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
                             (?:
                                 tvplay(?:\.skaties)?\.lv(?:/parraides)?|
                                 (?:tv3play|play\.tv3)\.lt(?:/programos)?|
-                                tv3play(?:\.tv3)?\.ee/sisu|
-                                (?:tv(?:3|6|8|10)play)\.se/program|
-                                (?:(?:tv3play|viasat4play|tv6play)\.no|(?:tv3play)\.dk)/programmer|
-                                play\.nova(?:tv)?\.bg/programi
+                                tv3play(?:\.tv3)?\.ee/sisu
                             )
                             /(?:[^/]+/)+
                         )
@@ -92,117 +87,6 @@ class TVPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
         },
-        {
-            'url': 'http://www.tv3play.se/program/husraddarna/395385?autostart=true',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '395385',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Husräddarna S02E07',
-                'description': 'md5:f210c6c89f42d4fc39faa551be813777',
-                'duration': 2574,
-                'timestamp': 1400596321,
-                'upload_date': '20140520',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'http://www.tv6play.se/program/den-sista-dokusapan/266636?autostart=true',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '266636',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Den sista dokusåpan S01E08',
-                'description': 'md5:295be39c872520221b933830f660b110',
-                'duration': 1492,
-                'timestamp': 1330522854,
-                'upload_date': '20120229',
-                'age_limit': 18,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'http://www.tv8play.se/program/antikjakten/282756?autostart=true',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '282756',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Antikjakten S01E10',
-                'description': 'md5:1b201169beabd97e20c5ad0ad67b13b8',
-                'duration': 2646,
-                'timestamp': 1348575868,
-                'upload_date': '20120925',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'http://www.tv3play.no/programmer/anna-anka-soker-assistent/230898?autostart=true',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '230898',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Anna Anka søker assistent - Ep. 8',
-                'description': 'md5:f80916bf5bbe1c5f760d127f8dd71474',
-                'duration': 2656,
-                'timestamp': 1277720005,
-                'upload_date': '20100628',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'http://www.viasat4play.no/programmer/budbringerne/21873?autostart=true',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '21873',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Budbringerne program 10',
-                'description': 'md5:4db78dc4ec8a85bb04fd322a3ee5092d',
-                'duration': 1297,
-                'timestamp': 1254205102,
-                'upload_date': '20090929',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'http://www.tv6play.no/programmer/hotelinspektor-alex-polizzi/361883?autostart=true',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '361883',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Hotelinspektør Alex Polizzi - Ep. 10',
-                'description': 'md5:3ecf808db9ec96c862c8ecb3a7fdaf81',
-                'duration': 2594,
-                'timestamp': 1393236292,
-                'upload_date': '20140224',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'http://play.novatv.bg/programi/zdravei-bulgariya/624952?autostart=true',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '624952',
-                'ext': 'flv',
-                'title': 'Здравей, България (12.06.2015 г.) ',
-                'description': 'md5:99f3700451ac5bb71a260268b8daefd7',
-                'duration': 8838,
-                'timestamp': 1434100372,
-                'upload_date': '20150612',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                # rtmp download
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://play.nova.bg/programi/zdravei-bulgariya/764300?autostart=true',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
         {
             'url': 'http://tvplay.skaties.lv/parraides/vinas-melo-labak/418113?autostart=true',
             'only_matching': True,
@@ -243,8 +127,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'http://playapi.mtgx.tv/v3/videos/stream/%s' % video_id,
                 video_id, 'Downloading streams JSON')
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
-                msg = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode('utf-8'), video_id)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                msg = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode('utf-8'), video_id)
                 raise ExtractorError(msg['msg'], expected=True)
             raise
 
@@ -327,103 +211,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class ViafreeIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-                    https?://
-                        (?:www\.)?
-                        viafree\.(?P<country>dk|no|se|fi)
-                        /(?P<id>(?:program(?:mer)?|ohjelmat)?/(?:[^/]+/)+[^/?#&]+)
-                    '''
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.viafree.no/programmer/underholdning/det-beste-vorspielet/sesong-2/episode-1',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '757786',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Det beste vorspielet - Sesong 2 - Episode 1',
-            'description': 'md5:b632cb848331404ccacd8cd03e83b4c3',
-            'series': 'Det beste vorspielet',
-            'season_number': 2,
-            'duration': 1116,
-            'timestamp': 1471200600,
-            'upload_date': '20160814',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.viafree.dk/programmer/humor/comedy-central-roast-of-charlie-sheen/film/1047660',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1047660',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Comedy Central Roast of Charlie Sheen - Comedy Central Roast of Charlie Sheen',
-            'description': 'md5:ec956d941ae9fd7c65a48fd64951dc6d',
-            'series': 'Comedy Central Roast of Charlie Sheen',
-            'season_number': 1,
-            'duration': 3747,
-            'timestamp': 1608246060,
-            'upload_date': '20201217'
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True
-        }
-    }, {
-        # with relatedClips
-        'url': 'http://www.viafree.se/program/reality/sommaren-med-youtube-stjarnorna/sasong-1/avsnitt-1',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # Different og:image URL schema
-        'url': 'http://www.viafree.se/program/reality/sommaren-med-youtube-stjarnorna/sasong-1/avsnitt-2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viafree.se/program/livsstil/husraddarna/sasong-2/avsnitt-2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viafree.dk/programmer/reality/paradise-hotel/saeson-7/episode-5',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viafree.se/program/underhallning/i-like-radio-live/sasong-1/676869',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.viafree.fi/ohjelmat/entertainment/amazing-makeovers/kausi-7/jakso-2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    _GEO_BYPASS = False
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        country, path = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        content = self._download_json(
-            'https://viafree-content.mtg-api.com/viafree-content/v1/%s/path/%s' % (country, path), path)
-        program = content['_embedded']['viafreeBlocks'][0]['_embedded']['program']
-        guid = program['guid']
-        meta = content['meta']
-        title = meta['title']
-
-        try:
-            stream_href = self._download_json(
-                program['_links']['streamLink']['href'], guid,
-                headers=self.geo_verification_headers())['embedded']['prioritizedStreams'][0]['links']['stream']['href']
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
-                self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=[country])
-            raise
-
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(stream_href, guid, 'mp4')
-        episode = program.get('episode') or {}
-        return {
-            'id': guid,
-            'title': title,
-            'thumbnail': meta.get('image'),
-            'description': meta.get('description'),
-            'series': episode.get('seriesTitle'),
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(episode.get('episodeNumber')),
-            'season_number': int_or_none(episode.get('seasonNumber')),
-            'duration': int_or_none(try_get(program, lambda x: x['video']['duration']['milliseconds']), 1000),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(try_get(program, lambda x: x['availability']['start'])),
-            'formats': formats,
-        }
-
-
 class TVPlayHomeIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
             https?://
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvplayer.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvplayer.py
index b05355f87..228c2366e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvplayer.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvplayer.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_str,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     extract_attributes,
     try_get,
@@ -64,9 +62,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'validate': validate,
                 }))['tvplayer']['response']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
                 response = self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(), resource_id)['tvplayer']['response']
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode(), resource_id)['tvplayer']['response']
                 raise ExtractorError(
                     '%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, response['error']), expected=True)
             raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
index 2548dae04..32a38c86e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
@@ -5,8 +5,9 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..dependencies import websockets
 from ..utils import (
-    clean_html,
     ExtractorError,
+    UserNotLive,
+    clean_html,
     float_or_none,
     get_element_by_class,
     get_element_by_id,
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@
 
 
 class TwitCastingIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<uploader_id>[^/]+)/(?:movie|twplayer)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<uploader_id>[^/?#]+)/(?:movie|twplayer)/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _M3U8_HEADERS = {
         'Origin': 'https://twitcasting.tv',
         'Referer': 'https://twitcasting.tv/',
@@ -107,9 +108,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 url, video_id, data=request_data,
                 headers={'Origin': 'https://twitcasting.tv'},
                 note='Trying video password')
-        if urlh.geturl() != url and request_data:
+        if urlh.url != url and request_data:
             webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                urlh.geturl(), video_id, data=request_data,
+                urlh.url, video_id, data=request_data,
                 headers={'Origin': 'https://twitcasting.tv'},
                 note='Retrying authentication')
         # has to check here as the first request can contain password input form even if the password is correct
@@ -141,7 +142,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'https://twitcasting.tv/streamserver.php?target=%s&mode=client' % uploader_id, video_id,
             'Downloading live info', fatal=False)
 
-        is_live = 'data-status="online"' in webpage
+        is_live = any(f'data-{x}' in webpage for x in ['is-onlive="true"', 'live-type="live"', 'status="online"'])
         if not traverse_obj(stream_server_data, 'llfmp4') and is_live:
             self.raise_login_required(method='cookies')
 
@@ -231,10 +232,13 @@ def find_dmu(x):
 
 
 class TwitCastingLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<id>[^/]+)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://twitcasting.tv/ivetesangalo',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://twitcasting.tv/c:unusedlive',
+        'expected_exception': 'UserNotLive',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -260,13 +264,20 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     r'(?s)<a\s+class="tw-movie-thumbnail"\s*href="/[^/]+/movie/(?P<video_id>\d+)"\s*>.+?</a>',
                     webpage, 'current live ID 2', default=None, group='video_id')
         if not current_live:
-            raise ExtractorError('The user is not currently live')
+            raise UserNotLive(video_id=uploader_id)
         return self.url_result('https://twitcasting.tv/%s/movie/%s' % (uploader_id, current_live))
 
 
 class TwitCastingUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<id>[^/]+)/show/?(?:[#?]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/(:?show|archive)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://twitcasting.tv/natsuiromatsuri/archive/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'natsuiromatsuri',
+            'title': 'natsuiromatsuri - Live History',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 235,
+    }, {
         'url': 'https://twitcasting.tv/noriyukicas/show',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
index 6321297bb..3297ef091 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@ class TwitchBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _USHER_BASE = 'https://usher.ttvnw.net'
     _LOGIN_FORM_URL = 'https://www.twitch.tv/login'
     _LOGIN_POST_URL = 'https://passport.twitch.tv/login'
-    _CLIENT_ID = 'kimne78kx3ncx6brgo4mv6wki5h1ko'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'twitch'
 
     _OPERATION_HASHES = {
@@ -58,6 +57,11 @@ class TwitchBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         'VideoPlayer_VODSeekbarPreviewVideo': '07e99e4d56c5a7c67117a154777b0baf85a5ffefa393b213f4bc712ccaf85dd6',
     }
 
+    @property
+    def _CLIENT_ID(self):
+        return self._configuration_arg(
+            'client_id', ['ue6666qo983tsx6so1t0vnawi233wa'], ie_key='Twitch', casesense=True)[0]
+
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         def fail(message):
             raise ExtractorError(
@@ -67,7 +71,7 @@ def login_step(page, urlh, note, data):
             form = self._hidden_inputs(page)
             form.update(data)
 
-            page_url = urlh.geturl()
+            page_url = urlh.url
             post_url = self._search_regex(
                 r'<form[^>]+action=(["\'])(?P<url>.+?)\1', page,
                 'post url', default=self._LOGIN_POST_URL, group='url')
@@ -179,6 +183,14 @@ def _download_access_token(self, video_id, token_kind, param_name):
             video_id, ops,
             'Downloading %s access token GraphQL' % token_kind)['data'][method]
 
+    def _get_thumbnails(self, thumbnail):
+        return [{
+            'url': re.sub(r'\d+x\d+(\.\w+)($|(?=[?#]))', r'0x0\g<1>', thumbnail),
+            'preference': 1,
+        }, {
+            'url': thumbnail,
+        }] if thumbnail else None
+
 
 class TwitchVodIE(TwitchBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'twitch:vod'
@@ -186,7 +198,8 @@ class TwitchVodIE(TwitchBaseIE):
                     https?://
                         (?:
                             (?:(?:www|go|m)\.)?twitch\.tv/(?:[^/]+/v(?:ideo)?|videos)/|
-                            player\.twitch\.tv/\?.*?\bvideo=v?
+                            player\.twitch\.tv/\?.*?\bvideo=v?|
+                            www\.twitch\.tv/[^/]+/schedule\?vodID=
                         )
                         (?P<id>\d+)
                     '''
@@ -355,6 +368,9 @@ class TwitchVodIE(TwitchBaseIE):
             'skip_download': True
         },
         'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download JSON metadata: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden']
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.twitch.tv/tangotek/schedule?vodID=1822395420',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _download_info(self, item_id):
@@ -460,15 +476,13 @@ def _extract_info_gql(self, info, item_id):
                 is_live, thumbnail = True, None
             else:
                 is_live = False
-                for p in ('width', 'height'):
-                    thumbnail = thumbnail.replace('{%s}' % p, '0')
 
         return {
             'id': vod_id,
             'title': info.get('title') or 'Untitled Broadcast',
             'description': info.get('description'),
             'duration': int_or_none(info.get('lengthSeconds')),
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
+            'thumbnails': self._get_thumbnails(thumbnail),
             'uploader': try_get(info, lambda x: x['owner']['displayName'], compat_str),
             'uploader_id': try_get(info, lambda x: x['owner']['login'], compat_str),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(info.get('publishedAt')),
@@ -1053,7 +1067,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'display_id': channel_name,
             'title': title,
             'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
+            'thumbnails': self._get_thumbnails(thumbnail),
             'uploader': uploader,
             'uploader_id': channel_name,
             'timestamp': timestamp,
@@ -1069,7 +1083,7 @@ class TwitchClipsIE(TwitchBaseIE):
                     https?://
                         (?:
                             clips\.twitch\.tv/(?:embed\?.*?\bclip=|(?:[^/]+/)*)|
-                            (?:(?:www|go|m)\.)?twitch\.tv/[^/]+/clip/
+                            (?:(?:www|go|m)\.)?twitch\.tv/(?:[^/]+/)?clip/
                         )
                         (?P<id>[^/?#&]+)
                     '''
@@ -1105,6 +1119,9 @@ class TwitchClipsIE(TwitchBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://go.twitch.tv/rossbroadcast/clip/ConfidentBraveHumanChefFrank',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://m.twitch.tv/clip/FaintLightGullWholeWheat',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
index 3f1899e96..d7609bc81 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import json
+import random
 import re
-import urllib.error
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .periscope import PeriscopeBaseIE, PeriscopeIE
@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     dict_get,
+    filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     format_field,
     int_or_none,
     make_archive_id,
+    remove_end,
     str_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
@@ -30,13 +32,67 @@
 
 
 class TwitterBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'twitter'
     _API_BASE = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/'
     _GRAPHQL_API_BASE = 'https://twitter.com/i/api/graphql/'
-    _TOKENS = {
-        'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANRILgAAAAAAnNwIzUejRCOuH5E6I8xnZz4puTs%3D1Zv7ttfk8LF81IUq16cHjhLTvJu4FA33AGWWjCpTnA': None,
-        'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPYXBAAAAAAACLXUNDekMxqa8h%2F40K4moUkGsoc%3DTYfbDKbT3jJPCEVnMYqilB28NHfOPqkca3qaAxGfsyKCs0wRbw': None,
-    }
     _BASE_REGEX = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m(?:obile)?)\.)?(?:twitter\.com|twitter3e4tixl4xyajtrzo62zg5vztmjuricljdp2c5kshju4avyoid\.onion)/'
+    _AUTH = 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAANRILgAAAAAAnNwIzUejRCOuH5E6I8xnZz4puTs%3D1Zv7ttfk8LF81IUq16cHjhLTvJu4FA33AGWWjCpTnA'
+    _LEGACY_AUTH = 'AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAIK1zgAAAAAA2tUWuhGZ2JceoId5GwYWU5GspY4%3DUq7gzFoCZs1QfwGoVdvSac3IniczZEYXIcDyumCauIXpcAPorE'
+    _flow_token = None
+
+    _LOGIN_INIT_DATA = json.dumps({
+        'input_flow_data': {
+            'flow_context': {
+                'debug_overrides': {},
+                'start_location': {
+                    'location': 'unknown'
+                }
+            }
+        },
+        'subtask_versions': {
+            'action_list': 2,
+            'alert_dialog': 1,
+            'app_download_cta': 1,
+            'check_logged_in_account': 1,
+            'choice_selection': 3,
+            'contacts_live_sync_permission_prompt': 0,
+            'cta': 7,
+            'email_verification': 2,
+            'end_flow': 1,
+            'enter_date': 1,
+            'enter_email': 2,
+            'enter_password': 5,
+            'enter_phone': 2,
+            'enter_recaptcha': 1,
+            'enter_text': 5,
+            'enter_username': 2,
+            'generic_urt': 3,
+            'in_app_notification': 1,
+            'interest_picker': 3,
+            'js_instrumentation': 1,
+            'menu_dialog': 1,
+            'notifications_permission_prompt': 2,
+            'open_account': 2,
+            'open_home_timeline': 1,
+            'open_link': 1,
+            'phone_verification': 4,
+            'privacy_options': 1,
+            'security_key': 3,
+            'select_avatar': 4,
+            'select_banner': 2,
+            'settings_list': 7,
+            'show_code': 1,
+            'sign_up': 2,
+            'sign_up_review': 4,
+            'tweet_selection_urt': 1,
+            'update_users': 1,
+            'upload_media': 1,
+            'user_recommendations_list': 4,
+            'user_recommendations_urt': 1,
+            'wait_spinner': 3,
+            'web_modal': 1
+        }
+    }, separators=(',', ':')).encode()
 
     def _extract_variant_formats(self, variant, video_id):
         variant_url = variant.get('url')
@@ -88,73 +144,183 @@ def _search_dimensions_in_video_url(a_format, video_url):
                 'height': int(m.group('height')),
             })
 
-    @functools.cached_property
+    @property
     def is_logged_in(self):
         return bool(self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE).get('auth_token'))
 
-    def _call_api(self, path, video_id, query={}, graphql=False):
-        cookies = self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE)
-        headers = {}
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _selected_api(self):
+        return self._configuration_arg('api', ['graphql'], ie_key='Twitter')[0]
 
-        csrf_cookie = cookies.get('ct0')
-        if csrf_cookie:
-            headers['x-csrf-token'] = csrf_cookie.value
+    def _fetch_guest_token(self, display_id):
+        guest_token = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'{self._API_BASE}guest/activate.json', display_id, 'Downloading guest token', data=b'',
+            headers=self._set_base_headers(legacy=display_id and self._selected_api == 'legacy')),
+            ('guest_token', {str}))
+        if not guest_token:
+            raise ExtractorError('Could not retrieve guest token')
+        return guest_token
 
+    def _set_base_headers(self, legacy=False):
+        bearer_token = self._LEGACY_AUTH if legacy and not self.is_logged_in else self._AUTH
+        return filter_dict({
+            'Authorization': f'Bearer {bearer_token}',
+            'x-csrf-token': try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE)['ct0'].value),
+        })
+
+    def _call_login_api(self, note, headers, query={}, data=None):
+        response = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._API_BASE}onboarding/task.json', None, note,
+            headers=headers, query=query, data=data, expected_status=400)
+        error = traverse_obj(response, ('errors', 0, 'message', {str}))
+        if error:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Login failed, Twitter API says: {error}', expected=True)
+        elif traverse_obj(response, 'status') != 'success':
+            raise ExtractorError('Login was unsuccessful')
+
+        subtask = traverse_obj(
+            response, ('subtasks', ..., 'subtask_id', {str}), get_all=False)
+        if not subtask:
+            raise ExtractorError('Twitter API did not return next login subtask')
+
+        self._flow_token = response['flow_token']
+
+        return subtask
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         if self.is_logged_in:
-            headers.update({
-                'x-twitter-auth-type': 'OAuth2Session',
-                'x-twitter-client-language': 'en',
-                'x-twitter-active-user': 'yes',
-            })
+            return
 
-        last_error = None
-        for bearer_token in self._TOKENS:
-            for first_attempt in (True, False):
-                headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {bearer_token}'
+        webpage = self._download_webpage('https://twitter.com/', None, 'Downloading login page')
+        guest_token = self._search_regex(
+            r'\.cookie\s*=\s*["\']gt=(\d+);', webpage, 'gt', default=None) or self._fetch_guest_token(None)
+        headers = {
+            **self._set_base_headers(),
+            'content-type': 'application/json',
+            'x-guest-token': guest_token,
+            'x-twitter-client-language': 'en',
+            'x-twitter-active-user': 'yes',
+            'Referer': 'https://twitter.com/',
+            'Origin': 'https://twitter.com',
+        }
 
-                if not self.is_logged_in:
-                    if not self._TOKENS[bearer_token]:
-                        headers.pop('x-guest-token', None)
-                        guest_token_response = self._download_json(
-                            self._API_BASE + 'guest/activate.json', video_id,
-                            'Downloading guest token', data=b'', headers=headers)
+        def build_login_json(*subtask_inputs):
+            return json.dumps({
+                'flow_token': self._flow_token,
+                'subtask_inputs': subtask_inputs
+            }, separators=(',', ':')).encode()
 
-                        self._TOKENS[bearer_token] = guest_token_response.get('guest_token')
-                        if not self._TOKENS[bearer_token]:
-                            raise ExtractorError('Could not retrieve guest token')
+        def input_dict(subtask_id, text):
+            return {
+                'subtask_id': subtask_id,
+                'enter_text': {
+                    'text': text,
+                    'link': 'next_link'
+                }
+            }
 
-                    headers['x-guest-token'] = self._TOKENS[bearer_token]
+        next_subtask = self._call_login_api(
+            'Downloading flow token', headers, query={'flow_name': 'login'}, data=self._LOGIN_INIT_DATA)
 
-                try:
-                    allowed_status = {400, 403, 404} if graphql else {403}
-                    result = self._download_json(
-                        (self._GRAPHQL_API_BASE if graphql else self._API_BASE) + path,
-                        video_id, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=allowed_status)
+        while not self.is_logged_in:
+            if next_subtask == 'LoginJsInstrumentationSubtask':
+                next_subtask = self._call_login_api(
+                    'Submitting JS instrumentation response', headers, data=build_login_json({
+                        'subtask_id': next_subtask,
+                        'js_instrumentation': {
+                            'response': '{}',
+                            'link': 'next_link'
+                        }
+                    }))
 
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    if last_error:
-                        raise last_error
+            elif next_subtask == 'LoginEnterUserIdentifierSSO':
+                next_subtask = self._call_login_api(
+                    'Submitting username', headers, data=build_login_json({
+                        'subtask_id': next_subtask,
+                        'settings_list': {
+                            'setting_responses': [{
+                                'key': 'user_identifier',
+                                'response_data': {
+                                    'text_data': {
+                                        'result': username
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }],
+                            'link': 'next_link'
+                        }
+                    }))
 
-                    if not isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) or e.cause.code != 404:
-                        raise
+            elif next_subtask == 'LoginEnterAlternateIdentifierSubtask':
+                next_subtask = self._call_login_api(
+                    'Submitting alternate identifier', headers,
+                    data=build_login_json(input_dict(next_subtask, self._get_tfa_info(
+                        'one of username, phone number or email that was not used as --username'))))
 
-                    last_error = e
-                    self.report_warning(
-                        'Twitter API gave 404 response, retrying with deprecated auth token. '
-                        'Only one media item can be extracted')
-                    break  # continue outer loop with next bearer_token
+            elif next_subtask == 'LoginEnterPassword':
+                next_subtask = self._call_login_api(
+                    'Submitting password', headers, data=build_login_json({
+                        'subtask_id': next_subtask,
+                        'enter_password': {
+                            'password': password,
+                            'link': 'next_link'
+                        }
+                    }))
 
-                if result.get('errors'):
-                    errors = traverse_obj(result, ('errors', ..., 'message'), expected_type=str)
-                    if first_attempt and any('bad guest token' in error.lower() for error in errors):
-                        self.to_screen('Guest token has expired. Refreshing guest token')
-                        self._TOKENS[bearer_token] = None
-                        continue
+            elif next_subtask == 'AccountDuplicationCheck':
+                next_subtask = self._call_login_api(
+                    'Submitting account duplication check', headers, data=build_login_json({
+                        'subtask_id': next_subtask,
+                        'check_logged_in_account': {
+                            'link': 'AccountDuplicationCheck_false'
+                        }
+                    }))
 
-                    error_message = ', '.join(set(errors)) or 'Unknown error'
-                    raise ExtractorError(f'Error(s) while querying API: {error_message}', expected=True)
+            elif next_subtask == 'LoginTwoFactorAuthChallenge':
+                next_subtask = self._call_login_api(
+                    'Submitting 2FA token', headers, data=build_login_json(input_dict(
+                        next_subtask, self._get_tfa_info('two-factor authentication token'))))
 
-                return result
+            elif next_subtask == 'LoginAcid':
+                next_subtask = self._call_login_api(
+                    'Submitting confirmation code', headers, data=build_login_json(input_dict(
+                        next_subtask, self._get_tfa_info('confirmation code sent to your email or phone'))))
+
+            elif next_subtask == 'ArkoseLogin':
+                self.raise_login_required('Twitter is requiring captcha for this login attempt', method='cookies')
+
+            elif next_subtask == 'DenyLoginSubtask':
+                self.raise_login_required('Twitter rejected this login attempt as suspicious', method='cookies')
+
+            elif next_subtask == 'LoginSuccessSubtask':
+                raise ExtractorError('Twitter API did not grant auth token cookie')
+
+            else:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'Unrecognized subtask ID "{next_subtask}"')
+
+        self.report_login()
+
+    def _call_api(self, path, video_id, query={}, graphql=False):
+        headers = self._set_base_headers(legacy=not graphql and self._selected_api == 'legacy')
+        headers.update({
+            'x-twitter-auth-type': 'OAuth2Session',
+            'x-twitter-client-language': 'en',
+            'x-twitter-active-user': 'yes',
+        } if self.is_logged_in else {
+            'x-guest-token': self._fetch_guest_token(video_id)
+        })
+        allowed_status = {400, 401, 403, 404} if graphql else {403}
+        result = self._download_json(
+            (self._GRAPHQL_API_BASE if graphql else self._API_BASE) + path,
+            video_id, headers=headers, query=query, expected_status=allowed_status,
+            note=f'Downloading {"GraphQL" if graphql else "legacy API"} JSON')
+
+        if result.get('errors'):
+            errors = ', '.join(set(traverse_obj(result, ('errors', ..., 'message', {str}))))
+            if errors and 'not authorized' in errors:
+                self.raise_login_required(remove_end(errors, '.'))
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Error(s) while querying API: {errors or "Unknown error"}')
+
+        return result
 
     def _build_graphql_query(self, media_id):
         raise NotImplementedError('Method must be implemented to support GraphQL')
@@ -313,6 +479,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'tags': [],
             'age_limit': 18,
         },
@@ -391,6 +558,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'tags': ['Damndaniel'],
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
@@ -431,6 +599,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'tags': [],
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
@@ -451,7 +620,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         # has mp4 formats via mobile API
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/news_al3alm/status/852138619213144067',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '852138619213144067',
+            'id': '852077943283097602',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'عالم الأخبار - كلمة تاريخية بجلسة الجناسي التاريخية.. النائب خالد مؤنس العتيبي للمعارضين : اتقوا الله .. الظلم ظلمات يوم القيامة',
             'description': 'كلمة تاريخية بجلسة الجناسي التاريخية.. النائب خالد مؤنس العتيبي للمعارضين : اتقوا الله .. الظلم ظلمات يوم القيامة   https://t.co/xg6OhpyKfN',
@@ -460,8 +629,16 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'duration': 277.4,
             'timestamp': 1492000653,
             'upload_date': '20170412',
+            'display_id': '852138619213144067',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/news_al3alm',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'tags': [],
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
         },
-        'skip': 'Account suspended',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/web/status/910031516746514432',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -480,6 +657,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'tags': ['Maria'],
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
@@ -505,6 +683,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'tags': [],
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
@@ -517,21 +696,23 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'id': '1087791272830607360',
             'display_id': '1087791357756956680',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Twitter - A new is coming.  Some of you got an opt-in to try it now. Check out the emoji button, quick keyboard shortcuts, upgraded trends, advanced search, and more. Let us know your thoughts!',
+            'title': 'X - A new is coming.  Some of you got an opt-in to try it now. Check out the emoji button, quick keyboard shortcuts, upgraded trends, advanced search, and more. Let us know your thoughts!',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'description': 'md5:6dfd341a3310fb97d80d2bf7145df976',
-            'uploader': 'Twitter',
-            'uploader_id': 'Twitter',
+            'uploader': 'X',
+            'uploader_id': 'X',
             'duration': 61.567,
             'timestamp': 1548184644,
             'upload_date': '20190122',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/Twitter',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/X',
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'tags': [],
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
+        'skip': 'This Tweet is unavailable',
     }, {
         # not available in Periscope
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/ViviEducation/status/1136534865145286656',
@@ -546,6 +727,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'view_count': int,
         },
         'add_ie': ['TwitterBroadcast'],
+        'skip': 'Broadcast no longer exists',
     }, {
         # unified card
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/BrooklynNets/status/1349794411333394432?s=20',
@@ -589,6 +771,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'tags': [],
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
@@ -597,9 +780,9 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX/status/1577719286659006464',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1577719286659006464',
-            'title': 'Ultima | #\u0432\u029f\u043c - Test',
+            'title': 'Ultima📛| New Era - Test',
             'description': 'Test https://t.co/Y3KEZD7Dad',
-            'uploader': 'Ultima | #\u0432\u029f\u043c',
+            'uploader': 'Ultima📛| New Era',
             'uploader_id': 'UltimaShadowX',
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX',
             'upload_date': '20221005',
@@ -630,12 +813,12 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'tags': ['HurricaneIan'],
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
     }, {
-        # Adult content, uses old token
-        # Fails if not logged in (GraphQL)
+        # Adult content, fails if not logged in
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/Rizdraws/status/1575199173472927762',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1575199163847000068',
@@ -655,9 +838,10 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'age_limit': 18,
             'tags': []
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['404'],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'The media could not be played'},
+        'skip': 'Requires authentication',
     }, {
-        # Description is missing one https://t.co url (GraphQL)
+        # Playlist result only with graphql API
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/Srirachachau/status/1395079556562706435',
         'playlist_mincount': 2,
         'info_dict': {
@@ -669,14 +853,13 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20210519',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'repost_count': int,
-            'description': 'Here it is! Finished my gothic western cartoon. Pretty proud of it. It\'s got some goofs and lots of splashy over the top violence, something for everyone, hope you like it https://t.co/fOsG5glUnw https://t.co/kbXZrozlY7',
+            'description': 'Here it is! Finished my gothic western cartoon. Pretty proud of it. It\'s got some goofs and lots of splashy over the top violence, something for everyone, hope you like it https://t.co/fOsG5glUnw',
             'uploader_id': 'Srirachachau',
             'comment_count': int,
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/Srirachachau',
             'timestamp': 1621447860,
         },
     }, {
-        # Description is missing one https://t.co url (GraphQL)
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/DavidToons_/status/1578353380363501568',
         'playlist_mincount': 2,
         'info_dict': {
@@ -688,7 +871,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'uploader': str,
             'timestamp': 1665143744,
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/DavidToons_',
-            'description': 'Chris sounds like Linda from Bob\'s Burgers, so as an animator: this had to be done. https://t.co/glfQdgfFXH https://t.co/WgJauwIW1w',
+            'description': 'Chris sounds like Linda from Bob\'s Burgers, so as an animator: this had to be done. https://t.co/WgJauwIW1w',
             'tags': [],
             'comment_count': int,
             'upload_date': '20221007',
@@ -722,11 +905,15 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'uploader': r're:Monique Camarra.+?',
             'uploader_id': 'MoniqueCamarra',
             'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'release_timestamp': 1658417414,
             'description': 'md5:acce559345fd49f129c20dbcda3f1201',
-            'timestamp': 1658407771464,
+            'timestamp': 1658407771,
+            'release_date': '20220721',
+            'upload_date': '20220721',
         },
         'add_ie': ['TwitterSpaces'],
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'Requires authentication',
     }, {
         # URL specifies video number but --yes-playlist
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/CTVJLaidlaw/status/1600649710662213632/video/1',
@@ -752,7 +939,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1600649511827013632',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:dac4f4d4c591fcc4e88a253eba472dc3',
+            'title': 'md5:7662a0a27ce6faa3e5b160340f3cfab1',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg',
             'timestamp': 1670459604.0,
             'uploader_id': 'CTVJLaidlaw',
@@ -764,6 +951,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/CTVJLaidlaw',
             'display_id': '1600649710662213632',
             'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'description': 'md5:591c19ce66fadc2359725d5cd0d1052c',
             'upload_date': '20221208',
             'age_limit': 0,
@@ -791,6 +979,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/hlo_again/status/1599108751385972737/video/2',
@@ -806,6 +995,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'repost_count': int,
             'duration': 9.531,
             'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'upload_date': '20221203',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'timestamp': 1670092210.0,
@@ -815,7 +1005,6 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         },
         'params': {'noplaylist': True},
     }, {
-        # Media view count is GraphQL only, force in test
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/MunTheShinobi/status/1600009574919962625',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1600009362759733248',
@@ -826,10 +1015,10 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'view_count': int,
             'thumbnail': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/ext_tw_video_thumb/1600009362759733248/pu/img/XVhFQivj75H_YxxV.jpg?name=orig',
             'age_limit': 0,
-            'uploader': 'Mün The Shinobi | BlaqBoi\'s Therapist',
+            'uploader': 'Mün',
             'repost_count': int,
             'upload_date': '20221206',
-            'title': 'Mün The Shinobi | BlaqBoi\'s Therapist - This is a genius ad by Apple. \U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525',
+            'title': 'Mün - This is a genius ad by Apple. \U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525',
             'comment_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'tags': [],
@@ -837,16 +1026,15 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'duration': 139.987,
             'timestamp': 1670306984.0,
         },
-        'params': {'extractor_args': {'twitter': {'force_graphql': ['']}}},
     }, {
-        # url to retweet id
+        # retweeted_status (private)
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/liberdalau/status/1623739803874349067',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1623274794488659969',
             'display_id': '1623739803874349067',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Johnny Bullets - Me after going viral to over 30million people:    Whoopsie-daisy',
-            'description': 'md5:e873616a4a8fe0f93e71872678a672f3',
+            'description': 'md5:b06864cd3dc2554821cc327f5348485a',
             'uploader': 'Johnny Bullets',
             'uploader_id': 'Johnnybull3ts',
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/Johnnybull3ts',
@@ -858,8 +1046,85 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:https://pbs\.twimg\.com/ext_tw_video_thumb/.+',
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
+        },
+        'skip': 'Protected tweet',
+    }, {
+        # retweeted_status
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/playstrumpcard/status/1695424220702888009',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1694928337846538240',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '1695424220702888009',
+            'title': 'md5:e8daa9527bc2b947121395494f786d9d',
+            'description': 'md5:004f2d37fd58737724ec75bc7e679938',
+            'uploader': 'Benny Johnson',
+            'uploader_id': 'bennyjohnson',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/bennyjohnson',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'tags': [],
+            'duration': 45.001,
+            'timestamp': 1692962814.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230825',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://pbs\.twimg\.com/amplify_video_thumb/.+',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
         },
+    }, {
+        # retweeted_status w/ legacy API
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/playstrumpcard/status/1695424220702888009',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1694928337846538240',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': '1695424220702888009',
+            'title': 'md5:e8daa9527bc2b947121395494f786d9d',
+            'description': 'md5:004f2d37fd58737724ec75bc7e679938',
+            'uploader': 'Benny Johnson',
+            'uploader_id': 'bennyjohnson',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/bennyjohnson',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'tags': [],
+            'duration': 45.001,
+            'timestamp': 1692962814.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230825',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://pbs\.twimg\.com/amplify_video_thumb/.+',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {'extractor_args': {'twitter': {'api': ['legacy']}}},
+    }, {
+        # Broadcast embedded in tweet
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/JessicaDobsonWX/status/1693057346933600402',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1yNGaNLjEblJj',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Jessica Dobson - WAVE Weather Now - Saturday 8/19/23 Update',
+            'uploader': 'Jessica Dobson',
+            'uploader_id': '1DZEoDwDovRQa',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['TwitterBroadcast'],
+    }, {
+        # Animated gif and quote tweet video, with syndication API
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/BAKKOOONN/status/1696256659889565950',
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1696256659889565950',
+            'title': 'BAKOON - https://t.co/zom968d0a0',
+            'description': 'https://t.co/zom968d0a0',
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader': 'BAKOON',
+            'uploader_id': 'BAKKOOONN',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/BAKKOOONN',
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'timestamp': 1693254077.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230828',
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {'extractor_args': {'twitter': {'api': ['syndication']}}},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Not all metadata'],
     }, {
         # onion route
         'url': 'https://twitter3e4tixl4xyajtrzo62zg5vztmjuricljdp2c5kshju4avyoid.onion/TwitterBlue/status/1484226494708662273',
@@ -898,31 +1163,52 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    _MEDIA_ID_RE = re.compile(r'_video/(\d+)/')
+
+    @property
+    def _GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT(self):
+        if self.is_logged_in:
+            return 'zZXycP0V6H7m-2r0mOnFcA/TweetDetail'
+        return '2ICDjqPd81tulZcYrtpTuQ/TweetResultByRestId'
+
     def _graphql_to_legacy(self, data, twid):
         result = traverse_obj(data, (
             'threaded_conversation_with_injections_v2', 'instructions', 0, 'entries',
             lambda _, v: v['entryId'] == f'tweet-{twid}', 'content', 'itemContent',
-            'tweet_results', 'result', ('tweet', None),
-        ), expected_type=dict, default={}, get_all=False)
+            'tweet_results', 'result', ('tweet', None), {dict},
+        ), default={}, get_all=False) if self.is_logged_in else traverse_obj(
+            data, ('tweetResult', 'result', {dict}), default={})
 
-        if result.get('__typename') not in ('Tweet', None):
+        if result.get('__typename') not in ('Tweet', 'TweetTombstone', 'TweetUnavailable', None):
             self.report_warning(f'Unknown typename: {result.get("__typename")}', twid, only_once=True)
 
         if 'tombstone' in result:
-            cause = traverse_obj(result, ('tombstone', 'text', 'text'), expected_type=str)
+            cause = remove_end(traverse_obj(result, ('tombstone', 'text', 'text', {str})), '. Learn more')
             raise ExtractorError(f'Twitter API says: {cause or "Unknown error"}', expected=True)
+        elif result.get('__typename') == 'TweetUnavailable':
+            reason = result.get('reason')
+            if reason == 'NsfwLoggedOut':
+                self.raise_login_required('NSFW tweet requires authentication')
+            elif reason == 'Protected':
+                self.raise_login_required('You are not authorized to view this protected tweet')
+            raise ExtractorError(reason or 'Requested tweet is unavailable', expected=True)
 
         status = result.get('legacy', {})
         status.update(traverse_obj(result, {
             'user': ('core', 'user_results', 'result', 'legacy'),
             'card': ('card', 'legacy'),
             'quoted_status': ('quoted_status_result', 'result', 'legacy'),
+            'retweeted_status': ('legacy', 'retweeted_status_result', 'result', 'legacy'),
         }, expected_type=dict, default={}))
 
-        # extra transformation is needed since result does not match legacy format
+        # extra transformations needed since result does not match legacy format
+        if status.get('retweeted_status'):
+            status['retweeted_status']['user'] = traverse_obj(status, (
+                'retweeted_status_result', 'result', 'core', 'user_results', 'result', 'legacy', {dict})) or {}
+
         binding_values = {
             binding_value.get('key'): binding_value.get('value')
-            for binding_value in traverse_obj(status, ('card', 'binding_values', ...), expected_type=dict)
+            for binding_value in traverse_obj(status, ('card', 'binding_values', ..., {dict}))
         }
         if binding_values:
             status['card']['binding_values'] = binding_values
@@ -961,25 +1247,83 @@ def _build_graphql_query(self, media_id):
                 'verified_phone_label_enabled': False,
                 'vibe_api_enabled': True,
             },
+        } if self.is_logged_in else {
+            'variables': {
+                'tweetId': media_id,
+                'withCommunity': False,
+                'includePromotedContent': False,
+                'withVoice': False,
+            },
+            'features': {
+                'creator_subscriptions_tweet_preview_api_enabled': True,
+                'tweetypie_unmention_optimization_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_edit_tweet_api_enabled': True,
+                'graphql_is_translatable_rweb_tweet_is_translatable_enabled': True,
+                'view_counts_everywhere_api_enabled': True,
+                'longform_notetweets_consumption_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_twitter_article_tweet_consumption_enabled': False,
+                'tweet_awards_web_tipping_enabled': False,
+                'freedom_of_speech_not_reach_fetch_enabled': True,
+                'standardized_nudges_misinfo': True,
+                'tweet_with_visibility_results_prefer_gql_limited_actions_policy_enabled': True,
+                'longform_notetweets_rich_text_read_enabled': True,
+                'longform_notetweets_inline_media_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_graphql_exclude_directive_enabled': True,
+                'verified_phone_label_enabled': False,
+                'responsive_web_media_download_video_enabled': False,
+                'responsive_web_graphql_skip_user_profile_image_extensions_enabled': False,
+                'responsive_web_graphql_timeline_navigation_enabled': True,
+                'responsive_web_enhance_cards_enabled': False
+            },
+            'fieldToggles': {
+                'withArticleRichContentState': False
+            }
         }
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        twid, selected_index = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'index')
-        if self.is_logged_in or self._configuration_arg('force_graphql'):
-            self.write_debug(f'Using GraphQL API (Auth = {self.is_logged_in})')
-            result = self._call_graphql_api('zZXycP0V6H7m-2r0mOnFcA/TweetDetail', twid)
-            status = self._graphql_to_legacy(result, twid)
+    def _extract_status(self, twid):
+        if self.is_logged_in or self._selected_api == 'graphql':
+            status = self._graphql_to_legacy(self._call_graphql_api(self._GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT, twid), twid)
 
-        else:
-            status = traverse_obj(self._call_api(f'statuses/show/{twid}.json', twid, {
+        elif self._selected_api == 'legacy':
+            status = self._call_api(f'statuses/show/{twid}.json', twid, {
                 'cards_platform': 'Web-12',
                 'include_cards': 1,
                 'include_reply_count': 1,
                 'include_user_entities': 0,
                 'tweet_mode': 'extended',
-            }), 'retweeted_status', None)
+            })
 
-        title = description = status['full_text'].replace('\n', ' ')
+        elif self._selected_api == 'syndication':
+            self.report_warning(
+                'Not all metadata or media is available via syndication endpoint', twid, only_once=True)
+            status = self._download_json(
+                'https://cdn.syndication.twimg.com/tweet-result', twid, 'Downloading syndication JSON',
+                headers={'User-Agent': 'Googlebot'}, query={
+                    'id': twid,
+                    # TODO: token = ((Number(twid) / 1e15) * Math.PI).toString(36).replace(/(0+|\.)/g, '')
+                    'token': ''.join(random.choices('123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', k=10)),
+                })
+            if not status:
+                raise ExtractorError('Syndication endpoint returned empty JSON response')
+            # Transform the result so its structure matches that of legacy/graphql
+            media = []
+            for detail in traverse_obj(status, ((None, 'quoted_tweet'), 'mediaDetails', ..., {dict})):
+                detail['id_str'] = traverse_obj(detail, (
+                    'video_info', 'variants', ..., 'url', {self._MEDIA_ID_RE.search}, 1), get_all=False) or twid
+                media.append(detail)
+            status['extended_entities'] = {'media': media}
+
+        else:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'"{self._selected_api}" is not a valid API selection', expected=True)
+
+        return traverse_obj(status, 'retweeted_status', None, expected_type=dict) or {}
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        twid, selected_index = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'index')
+        status = self._extract_status(twid)
+
+        title = description = traverse_obj(
+            status, (('full_text', 'text'), {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}), get_all=False) or ''
         # strip  'https -_t.co_BJYgOjSeGA' junk from filenames
         title = re.sub(r'\s+(https?://[^ ]+)', '', title)
         user = status.get('user') or {}
@@ -1006,11 +1350,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         def extract_from_video_info(media):
             media_id = traverse_obj(media, 'id_str', 'id', expected_type=str_or_none)
             self.write_debug(f'Extracting from video info: {media_id}')
-            video_info = media.get('video_info') or {}
 
             formats = []
             subtitles = {}
-            for variant in video_info.get('variants', []):
+            for variant in traverse_obj(media, ('video_info', 'variants', ...)):
                 fmts, subs = self._extract_variant_formats(variant, twid)
                 subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
                 formats.extend(fmts)
@@ -1035,7 +1378,7 @@ def add_thumbnail(name, size):
                 'subtitles': subtitles,
                 'thumbnails': thumbnails,
                 'view_count': traverse_obj(media, ('mediaStats', 'viewCount', {int_or_none})),
-                'duration': float_or_none(video_info.get('duration_millis'), 1000),
+                'duration': float_or_none(traverse_obj(media, ('video_info', 'duration_millis')), 1000),
                 # The codec of http formats are unknown
                 '_format_sort_fields': ('res', 'br', 'size', 'proto'),
             }
@@ -1120,7 +1463,8 @@ def get_binding_value(k):
         if self._yes_playlist(twid, selected_index, video_label='URL-specified video number'):
             selected_entries = (*map(extract_from_video_info, videos), *extract_from_card_info(status.get('card')))
         else:
-            desired_obj = traverse_obj(status, ('extended_entities', 'media', int(selected_index) - 1, {dict}))
+            desired_obj = traverse_obj(status, (
+                (None, 'quoted_status'), 'extended_entities', 'media', int(selected_index) - 1, {dict}), get_all=False)
             if not desired_obj:
                 raise ExtractorError(f'Video #{selected_index} is unavailable', expected=True)
             elif desired_obj.get('type') != 'video':
@@ -1142,7 +1486,8 @@ def get_binding_value(k):
         if not entries:
             expanded_url = traverse_obj(status, ('entities', 'urls', 0, 'expanded_url'), expected_type=url_or_none)
             if not expanded_url or expanded_url == url:
-                raise ExtractorError('No video could be found in this tweet', expected=True)
+                self.raise_no_formats('No video could be found in this tweet', expected=True)
+                return info
 
             return self.url_result(expanded_url, display_id=twid, **info)
 
@@ -1218,7 +1563,7 @@ class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'twitter:broadcast'
     _VALID_URL = TwitterBaseIE._BASE_REGEX + r'i/broadcasts/(?P<id>[0-9a-zA-Z]{13})'
 
-    _TEST = {
+    _TESTS = [{
         # untitled Periscope video
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/broadcasts/1yNGaQLWpejGj',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -1226,18 +1571,57 @@ class TwitterBroadcastIE(TwitterBaseIE, PeriscopeBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Andrea May Sahouri - Periscope Broadcast',
             'uploader': 'Andrea May Sahouri',
-            'uploader_id': '1PXEdBZWpGwKe',
+            'uploader_id': 'andreamsahouri',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/andreamsahouri',
+            'timestamp': 1590973638,
+            'upload_date': '20200601',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+\.jpg\?token=',
             'view_count': int,
         },
-    }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/broadcasts/1ZkKzeyrPbaxv',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1ZkKzeyrPbaxv',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Starship | SN10 | High-Altitude Flight Test',
+            'uploader': 'SpaceX',
+            'uploader_id': 'SpaceX',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/SpaceX',
+            'timestamp': 1614812942,
+            'upload_date': '20210303',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+\.jpg\?token=',
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/broadcasts/1OyKAVQrgzwGb',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1OyKAVQrgzwGb',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Starship Flight Test',
+            'uploader': 'SpaceX',
+            'uploader_id': 'SpaceX',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/SpaceX',
+            'timestamp': 1681993964,
+            'upload_date': '20230420',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+\.jpg\?token=',
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         broadcast_id = self._match_id(url)
         broadcast = self._call_api(
             'broadcasts/show.json', broadcast_id,
             {'ids': broadcast_id})['broadcasts'][broadcast_id]
+        if not broadcast:
+            raise ExtractorError('Broadcast no longer exists', expected=True)
         info = self._parse_broadcast_data(broadcast, broadcast_id)
+        info['title'] = broadcast.get('status') or info.get('title')
+        info['uploader_id'] = broadcast.get('twitter_username') or info.get('uploader_id')
+        info['uploader_url'] = format_field(broadcast, 'twitter_username', 'https://twitter.com/%s', default=None)
+        if info['live_status'] == 'is_upcoming':
+            return info
+
         media_key = broadcast['media_key']
         source = self._call_api(
             f'live_video_stream/status/{media_key}', media_key)['source']
@@ -1266,7 +1650,42 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'uploader': r're:Lucio Di Gaetano.*?',
             'uploader_id': 'luciodigaetano',
             'live_status': 'was_live',
-            'timestamp': 1659877956397,
+            'timestamp': 1659877956,
+            'upload_date': '20220807',
+            'release_timestamp': 1659904215,
+            'release_date': '20220807',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        # post_live/TimedOut but downloadable
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1vAxRAVQWONJl',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1vAxRAVQWONJl',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'Framing Up FinOps: Billing Tools',
+            'description': 'Twitter Space participated by rupa, Alfonso Hernandez',
+            'uploader': 'Google Cloud',
+            'uploader_id': 'googlecloud',
+            'live_status': 'post_live',
+            'timestamp': 1681409554,
+            'upload_date': '20230413',
+            'release_timestamp': 1681839000,
+            'release_date': '20230418',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        # Needs ffmpeg as downloader, see: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7536
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1eaKbrQbjoRKX',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1eaKbrQbjoRKX',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'あ',
+            'description': 'Twitter Space participated by nobody yet',
+            'uploader': '息根とめる🔪Twitchで復活',
+            'uploader_id': 'tomeru_ikinone',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'timestamp': 1685617198,
+            'upload_date': '20230601',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
@@ -1306,32 +1725,40 @@ def _build_graphql_query(self, space_id):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         space_id = self._match_id(url)
+        if not self.is_logged_in:
+            self.raise_login_required('Twitter Spaces require authentication')
         space_data = self._call_graphql_api('HPEisOmj1epUNLCWTYhUWw/AudioSpaceById', space_id)['audioSpace']
         if not space_data:
             raise ExtractorError('Twitter Space not found', expected=True)
 
         metadata = space_data['metadata']
         live_status = try_call(lambda: self.SPACE_STATUS[metadata['state'].lower()])
+        is_live = live_status == 'is_live'
 
         formats = []
+        headers = {'Referer': 'https://twitter.com/'}
         if live_status == 'is_upcoming':
             self.raise_no_formats('Twitter Space not started yet', expected=True)
-        elif live_status == 'post_live':
-            self.raise_no_formats('Twitter Space ended but not downloadable yet', expected=True)
-        else:
-            source = self._call_api(
-                f'live_video_stream/status/{metadata["media_key"]}', metadata['media_key'])['source']
-
-            # XXX: Native downloader does not work
-            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                traverse_obj(source, 'noRedirectPlaybackUrl', 'location'),
-                metadata['media_key'], 'm4a', 'm3u8', live=live_status == 'is_live',
-                headers={'Referer': 'https://twitter.com/'})
+        elif not is_live and not metadata.get('is_space_available_for_replay'):
+            self.raise_no_formats('Twitter Space ended and replay is disabled', expected=True)
+        elif metadata.get('media_key'):
+            source = traverse_obj(
+                self._call_api(f'live_video_stream/status/{metadata["media_key"]}', metadata['media_key']),
+                ('source', ('noRedirectPlaybackUrl', 'location'), {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(  # XXX: Some Spaces need ffmpeg as downloader
+                source, metadata['media_key'], 'm4a', entry_protocol='m3u8', live=is_live,
+                headers=headers, fatal=False) if source else []
             for fmt in formats:
                 fmt.update({'vcodec': 'none', 'acodec': 'aac'})
+                if not is_live:
+                    fmt['container'] = 'm4a_dash'
 
         participants = ', '.join(traverse_obj(
             space_data, ('participants', 'speakers', ..., 'display_name'))) or 'nobody yet'
+
+        if not formats and live_status == 'post_live':
+            self.raise_no_formats('Twitter Space ended but not downloadable yet', expected=True)
+
         return {
             'id': space_id,
             'title': metadata.get('title'),
@@ -1341,14 +1768,17 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'uploader_id': traverse_obj(
                 metadata, ('creator_results', 'result', 'legacy', 'screen_name')),
             'live_status': live_status,
-            'timestamp': metadata.get('created_at'),
+            'release_timestamp': try_call(
+                lambda: int_or_none(metadata['scheduled_start'], scale=1000)),
+            'timestamp': int_or_none(metadata.get('created_at'), scale=1000),
             'formats': formats,
+            'http_headers': headers,
         }
 
 
 class TwitterShortenerIE(TwitterBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'twitter:shortener'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://t.co/(?P<id>[^?]+)|tco:(?P<eid>[^?]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://t\.co/(?P<id>[^?#]+)|tco:(?P<eid>[^?#]+)'
     _BASE_URL = 'https://t.co/'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -1357,7 +1787,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if eid:
             id = eid
             url = self._BASE_URL + id
-        new_url = self._request_webpage(url, id, headers={'User-Agent': 'curl'}).geturl()
+        new_url = self._request_webpage(url, id, headers={'User-Agent': 'curl'}).url
         __UNSAFE_LINK = "https://twitter.com/safety/unsafe_link_warning?unsafe_link="
         if new_url.startswith(__UNSAFE_LINK):
             new_url = new_url.replace(__UNSAFE_LINK, "")
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/udemy.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/udemy.py
index 329e5da2d..5c296051a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/udemy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/udemy.py
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 import re
-import urllib.request
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError, compat_str, compat_urlparse
+from ..compat import compat_str, compat_urlparse
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
@@ -10,7 +11,6 @@
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
-    sanitized_Request,
     smuggle_url,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
@@ -153,11 +153,10 @@ def _download_json(self, url_or_request, *args, **kwargs):
                 headers['X-Udemy-Bearer-Token'] = cookie.value
                 headers['X-Udemy-Authorization'] = 'Bearer %s' % cookie.value
 
-        if isinstance(url_or_request, urllib.request.Request):
-            for header, value in headers.items():
-                url_or_request.add_header(header, value)
+        if isinstance(url_or_request, Request):
+            url_or_request.headers.update(headers)
         else:
-            url_or_request = sanitized_Request(url_or_request, headers=headers)
+            url_or_request = Request(url_or_request, headers=headers)
 
         response = super(UdemyIE, self)._download_json(url_or_request, *args, **kwargs)
         self._handle_error(response)
@@ -212,7 +211,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             lecture = self._download_lecture(course_id, lecture_id)
         except ExtractorError as e:
             # Error could possibly mean we are not enrolled in the course
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                 webpage = webpage or self._download_webpage(url, lecture_id)
                 self._enroll_course(url, webpage, course_id)
                 lecture = self._download_lecture(course_id, lecture_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/unsupported.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/unsupported.py
index a56bd284f..d610baecb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/unsupported.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/unsupported.py
@@ -42,6 +42,12 @@ class KnownDRMIE(UnsupportedInfoExtractor):
         r'vootkids\.com',
         r'nowtv\.it/watch',
         r'tv\.apple\.com',
+        r'primevideo\.com',
+        r'hulu\.com',
+        r'resource\.inkryptvideos\.com',
+        r'joyn\.de',
+        r'amazon\.(?:\w{2}\.)?\w+/gp/video',
+        r'music\.amazon\.(?:\w{2}\.)?\w+',
     )
 
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -111,6 +117,30 @@ class KnownDRMIE(UnsupportedInfoExtractor):
         # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5557
         'url': 'https://tv.apple.com/it/show/loot---una-fortuna/umc.cmc.5erbujil1mpazuerhr1udnk45?ctx_brand=tvs.sbd.4000',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3072
+        'url': 'https://www.joyn.de/play/serien/clannad/1-1-wo-die-kirschblueten-fallen',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7323
+        'url': 'https://music.amazon.co.jp/albums/B088Y368TK',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7323
+        'url': 'https://www.amazon.co.jp/gp/video/detail/B09X5HBYRS/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6125
+        'url': 'https://www.primevideo.com/region/eu/detail/0H3DDB4KBJFNDCKKLHNRLRLVKQ/ref=atv_br_def_r_br_c_unkc_1_10',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5740
+        'url': 'https://resource.inkryptvideos.com/v2-a83ns52/iframe/index.html#video_id=7999ea0f6e03439eb40d056258c2d736&otp=xxx',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5767
+        'url': 'https://www.hulu.com/movie/anthem-6b25fac9-da2b-45a3-8e09-e4156b0471cc',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -131,13 +161,18 @@ class KnownPiracyIE(UnsupportedInfoExtractor):
     URLS = (
         r'dood\.(?:to|watch|so|pm|wf|re)',
         # Sites youtube-dl supports, but we won't
-        r'https://viewsb\.com',
-        r'https://filemoon\.sx',
+        r'viewsb\.com',
+        r'filemoon\.sx',
+        r'hentai\.animestigma\.com',
+        r'thisav\.com',
     )
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://dood.to/e/5s1wmbdacezb',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://thisav.com/en/terms',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/urplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/urplay.py
index 5d69dadd6..7f97fc95f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/urplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/urplay.py
@@ -112,18 +112,19 @@ def parse_lang_code(code):
                 lang = ISO639Utils.short2long(lang)
             return lang or None
 
-        for k, v in (urplayer_data['streamingInfo'].get('sweComplete') or {}).items():
-            if (k in ('sd', 'hd') or not isinstance(v, dict)):
-                continue
-            lang, sttl_url = (v.get(kk) for kk in ('language', 'location', ))
-            if not sttl_url:
-                continue
-            lang = parse_lang_code(lang)
-            if not lang:
-                continue
-            sttl = subtitles.get(lang) or []
-            sttl.append({'ext': k, 'url': sttl_url, })
-            subtitles[lang] = sttl
+        for stream in urplayer_data['streamingInfo'].values():
+            for k, v in stream.items():
+                if (k in ('sd', 'hd') or not isinstance(v, dict)):
+                    continue
+                lang, sttl_url = (v.get(kk) for kk in ('language', 'location', ))
+                if not sttl_url:
+                    continue
+                lang = parse_lang_code(lang)
+                if not lang:
+                    continue
+                sttl = subtitles.get(lang) or []
+                sttl.append({'ext': k, 'url': sttl_url, })
+                subtitles[lang] = sttl
 
         image = urplayer_data.get('image') or {}
         thumbnails = []
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/utreon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/utreon.py
index 90c10c051..8a9169101 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/utreon.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/utreon.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 
 class UtreonIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?utreon.com/v/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?utreon\.com/v/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://utreon.com/v/z_I7ikQbuDw',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vevo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vevo.py
index da4ce49ca..aa40227a7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vevo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vevo.py
@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@
 import json
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_str,
-    compat_HTTPError,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -184,8 +182,8 @@ def _call_api(self, path, *args, **kwargs):
         try:
             data = self._download_json(self._api_url_template % path, *args, **kwargs)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError):
-                errors = self._parse_json(e.cause.read().decode(), None)['errors']
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
+                errors = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), None)['errors']
                 error_message = ', '.join([error['message'] for error in errors])
                 raise ExtractorError('%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, error_message), expected=True)
             raise
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vice.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vice.py
index d1a3b48aa..8a7126853 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vice.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vice.py
@@ -7,10 +7,8 @@
 from .adobepass import AdobePassIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_str,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -140,8 +138,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'https://vms.vice.com/%s/video/preplay/%s' % (locale, video_id),
                 video_id, query=query)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (400, 401):
-                error = json.loads(e.cause.read().decode())
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status in (400, 401):
+                error = json.loads(e.cause.response.read().decode())
                 error_message = error.get('error_description') or error['details']
                 raise ExtractorError('%s said: %s' % (
                     self.IE_NAME, error_message), expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/videa.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/videa.py
index 59ae933b0..634d2edea 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/videa.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/videa.py
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class VideaIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Az őrült kígyász 285 kígyót enged szabadon',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'duration': 21,
+            'age_limit': 0,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://videa.hu/videok/origo/jarmuvek/supercars-elozes-jAHDWfWSJH5XuFhH',
@@ -48,6 +49,7 @@ class VideaIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Supercars előzés',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'duration': 64,
+            'age_limit': 0,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://videa.hu/player?v=8YfIAjxwWGwT8HVQ',
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ class VideaIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Az őrült kígyász 285 kígyót enged szabadon',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'duration': 21,
+            'age_limit': 0,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://videa.hu/player/v/8YfIAjxwWGwT8HVQ?autoplay=1',
@@ -124,7 +127,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         query['_t'] = result[:16]
 
         b64_info, handle = self._download_webpage_handle(
-            'http://videa.hu/videaplayer_get_xml.php', video_id, query=query)
+            'http://videa.hu/player/xml', video_id, query=query)
         if b64_info.startswith('<?xml'):
             info = self._parse_xml(b64_info, video_id)
         else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/videocampus_sachsen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/videocampus_sachsen.py
index 982ab3dd0..37bc7d718 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/videocampus_sachsen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/videocampus_sachsen.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import ExtractorError, OnDemandPagedList, urlencode_postdata
 
 
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 f'https://{host}/media/hlsMedium/key/{video_id}/format/auto/ext/mp4/learning/0/path/m3u8',
                 video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=True)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if not isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (404, 500):
+            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status not in (404, 500):
                 raise
 
         formats.append({'url': f'https://{host}/getMedium/{video_id}.mp4'})
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidlii.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidlii.py
index 5933783ae..44353b7fc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidlii.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidlii.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
     format_field,
     float_or_none,
     get_element_by_id,
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             r'src\s*:\s*(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?://)?(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
             webpage) or []]
         for source in sources:
+            source = urljoin(url, source)
             height = int(self._search_regex(r'(\d+).mp4', source, 'height', default=360))
             if self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(source), video_id, f'Checking {height}p url', errnote=False):
                 formats.append({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/viewlift.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/viewlift.py
index 381260114..8f686f05d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/viewlift.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/viewlift.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import json
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ def _call_api(self, site, path, video_id, url, query):
             return self._download_json(
                 self._API_BASE + path, video_id, headers={'Authorization': self._TOKENS.get(site)}, query=query)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
-                webpage = e.cause.read().decode()
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                webpage = e.cause.response.read().decode()
                 try:
                     error_message = traverse_obj(json.loads(webpage), 'errorMessage', 'message')
                 except json.JSONDecodeError:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/viidea.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/viidea.py
index 4cdf2677b..649ffe395 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/viidea.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/viidea.py
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
     compat_str,
     compat_urlparse,
 )
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     js_to_json,
@@ -133,9 +133,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 '%s/site/api/lecture/%s?format=json' % (base_url, lecture_id),
                 lecture_id)['lecture'][0]
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 403:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                 msg = self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode('utf-8'), lecture_id)
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode('utf-8'), lecture_id)
                 raise ExtractorError(msg['detail'], expected=True)
             raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
index d81d9c551..e72fa50fa 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
@@ -2,20 +2,16 @@
 import functools
 import re
 import itertools
-import urllib.error
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_HTTPError,
-    compat_str,
-    compat_urlparse,
-)
+from ..compat import compat_str, compat_urlparse
+from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     ExtractorError,
     get_element_by_class,
-    HEADRequest,
     js_to_json,
     int_or_none,
     merge_dicts,
@@ -23,7 +19,6 @@
     parse_filesize,
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_qs,
-    sanitized_Request,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
@@ -72,7 +67,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                     'Referer': self._LOGIN_URL,
                 })
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 418:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 418:
                 raise ExtractorError(
                     'Unable to log in: bad username or password',
                     expected=True)
@@ -809,7 +804,7 @@ def _try_album_password(self, url):
                         'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                     })
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                     raise ExtractorError('Wrong password', expected=True)
                 raise
 
@@ -832,10 +827,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             # Retrieve video webpage to extract further information
             webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
                 url, video_id, headers=headers)
-            redirect_url = urlh.geturl()
+            redirect_url = urlh.url
         except ExtractorError as ee:
-            if isinstance(ee.cause, compat_HTTPError) and ee.cause.code == 403:
-                errmsg = ee.cause.read()
+            if isinstance(ee.cause, HTTPError) and ee.cause.status == 403:
+                errmsg = ee.cause.response.read()
                 if b'Because of its privacy settings, this video cannot be played here' in errmsg:
                     raise ExtractorError(
                         'Cannot download embed-only video without embedding '
@@ -1154,7 +1149,7 @@ def _fetch_page(self, album_id, authorization, hashed_pass, page):
                     'Authorization': 'jwt ' + authorization,
                 })['data']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 400:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
                 return
         for video in videos:
             link = video.get('link')
@@ -1196,7 +1191,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                         'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                     })['hashed_pass']
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                     raise ExtractorError('Wrong password', expected=True)
                 raise
         entries = OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(
@@ -1309,10 +1304,10 @@ class VimeoWatchLaterIE(VimeoChannelIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete I
 
     def _page_url(self, base_url, pagenum):
         url = '%s/page:%d/' % (base_url, pagenum)
-        request = sanitized_Request(url)
+        request = Request(url)
         # Set the header to get a partial html page with the ids,
         # the normal page doesn't contain them.
-        request.add_header('X-Requested-With', 'XMLHttpRequest')
+        request.headers['X-Requested-With'] = 'XMLHttpRequest'
         return request
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -1432,7 +1427,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     **self._hidden_inputs(password_form),
                 }), note='Logging in with video password')
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 418:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 418:
                     raise ExtractorError('Wrong video password', expected=True)
                 raise
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
index 16ca954f2..c12e87362 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    UserNotLive,
     clean_html,
     get_element_by_class,
     get_element_html_by_id,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
+    parse_resolution,
     str_or_none,
     str_to_int,
     try_call,
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
+    traverse_obj,
 )
 
 
@@ -33,7 +36,7 @@ class VKBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, *args, fatal=True, **kwargs):
         response = super()._download_webpage_handle(url_or_request, video_id, *args, fatal=fatal, **kwargs)
-        challenge_url, cookie = response[1].geturl() if response else '', None
+        challenge_url, cookie = response[1].url if response else '', None
         if challenge_url.startswith('https://vk.com/429.html?'):
             cookie = self._get_cookies(challenge_url).get('hash429')
         if not cookie:
@@ -94,12 +97,12 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                         (?:
                             (?:
                                 (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk\.com/video_|
-                                (?:www\.)?daxab.com/
+                                (?:www\.)?daxab\.com/
                             )
                             ext\.php\?(?P<embed_query>.*?\boid=(?P<oid>-?\d+).*?\bid=(?P<id>\d+).*)|
                             (?:
                                 (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk\.com/(?:.+?\?.*?z=)?(?:video|clip)|
-                                (?:www\.)?daxab.com/embed/
+                                (?:www\.)?daxab\.com/embed/
                             )
                             (?P<videoid>-?\d+_\d+)(?:.*\blist=(?P<list_id>([\da-f]+)|(ln-[\da-zA-Z]+)))?
                         )
@@ -701,3 +704,139 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self.playlist_result(
             entries, post_id, join_nonempty(uploader, f'Wall post {post_id}', delim=' - '),
             clean_html(get_element_by_class('wall_post_text', webpage)))
+
+
+class VKPlayBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _RESOLUTIONS = {
+        'tiny': '256x144',
+        'lowest': '426x240',
+        'low': '640x360',
+        'medium': '852x480',
+        'high': '1280x720',
+        'full_hd': '1920x1080',
+        'quad_hd': '2560x1440',
+    }
+
+    def _extract_from_initial_state(self, url, video_id, path):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        video_info = traverse_obj(self._search_json(
+            r'<script[^>]+\bid="initial-state"[^>]*>', webpage, 'initial state', video_id),
+            path, expected_type=dict)
+        if not video_info:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract video info from html inline initial state')
+        return video_info
+
+    def _extract_formats(self, stream_info, video_id):
+        formats = []
+        for stream in traverse_obj(stream_info, (
+                'data', 0, 'playerUrls', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']) and v['type'])):
+            url = stream['url']
+            format_id = str_or_none(stream['type'])
+            if format_id in ('hls', 'live_hls', 'live_playback_hls') or '.m3u8' in url:
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(url, video_id, m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False))
+            elif format_id == 'dash':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(url, video_id, mpd_id=format_id, fatal=False))
+            elif format_id in ('live_dash', 'live_playback_dash'):
+                self.write_debug(f'Not extracting unsupported format "{format_id}"')
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': url,
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'format_id': format_id,
+                    **parse_resolution(self._RESOLUTIONS.get(format_id)),
+                })
+        return formats
+
+    def _extract_common_meta(self, stream_info):
+        return traverse_obj(stream_info, {
+            'id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('startTime', {int_or_none}),
+            'thumbnail': ('previewUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            'view_count': ('count', 'views', {int_or_none}),
+            'like_count': ('count', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+            'categories': ('category', 'title', {str}, {lambda x: [x] if x else None}),
+            'uploader': (('user', ('blog', 'owner')), 'nick', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': (('user', ('blog', 'owner')), 'id', {str_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            'is_live': ('isOnline', {bool}),
+            'concurrent_view_count': ('count', 'viewers', {int_or_none}),
+        }, get_all=False)
+
+
+class VKPlayIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vkplay\.live/(?P<username>[^/#?]+)/record/(?P<id>[a-f0-9-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://vkplay.live/zitsmann/record/f5e6e3b5-dc52-4d14-965d-0680dd2882da',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'f5e6e3b5-dc52-4d14-965d-0680dd2882da',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Atomic Heart (пробуем!) спасибо подписчику EKZO!',
+            'uploader': 'ZitsmanN',
+            'uploader_id': '13159830',
+            'release_timestamp': 1683461378,
+            'release_date': '20230507',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://images.vkplay.live/public_video_stream/record/f5e6e3b5-dc52-4d14-965d-0680dd2882da/preview\?change_time=\d+',
+            'duration': 10608,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'categories': ['Atomic Heart'],
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        username, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+
+        record_info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.vkplay.live/v1/blog/{username}/public_video_stream/record/{video_id}', video_id, fatal=False),
+            ('data', 'record', {dict}))
+        if not record_info:
+            record_info = self._extract_from_initial_state(url, video_id, ('record', 'currentRecord', 'data'))
+
+        return {
+            **self._extract_common_meta(record_info),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_formats(record_info, video_id),
+        }
+
+
+class VKPlayLiveIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vkplay\.live/(?P<id>[^/#?]+)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://vkplay.live/bayda',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'f02c321e-427b-408d-b12f-ae34e53e0ea2',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:эскапизм крута .*',
+            'uploader': 'Bayda',
+            'uploader_id': 12279401,
+            'release_timestamp': 1687209962,
+            'release_date': '20230619',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://images.vkplay.live/public_video_stream/12279401/preview\?change_time=\d+',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'categories': ['EVE Online'],
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'skip': 'livestream',
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        username = self._match_id(url)
+
+        stream_info = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.vkplay.live/v1/blog/{username}/public_video_stream', username, fatal=False)
+        if not stream_info:
+            stream_info = self._extract_from_initial_state(url, username, ('stream', 'stream', 'data', 'stream'))
+
+        formats = self._extract_formats(stream_info, username)
+        if not formats and not traverse_obj(stream_info, ('isOnline', {bool})):
+            raise UserNotLive(video_id=username)
+
+        return {
+            **self._extract_common_meta(stream_info),
+            'formats': formats,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vocaroo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vocaroo.py
index 704e25c22..d98fbfd2d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vocaroo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vocaroo.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
-    float_or_none,
-)
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import float_or_none
 
 
 class VocarooIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vodlocker.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vodlocker.py
index 1c7236ed3..b215d6c9d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vodlocker.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vodlocker.py
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    NO_DEFAULT,
-    sanitized_Request,
-    urlencode_postdata,
-)
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..utils import NO_DEFAULT, ExtractorError, urlencode_postdata
 
 
 class VodlockerIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -37,8 +33,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if fields['op'] == 'download1':
             self._sleep(3, video_id)  # they do detect when requests happen too fast!
             post = urlencode_postdata(fields)
-            req = sanitized_Request(url, post)
-            req.add_header('Content-type', 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
+            req = Request(url, post)
+            req.headers['Content-type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
             webpage = self._download_webpage(
                 req, video_id, 'Downloading video page')
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/voot.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/voot.py
index b709b74e2..b19a27934 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/voot.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/voot.py
@@ -1,14 +1,86 @@
+import json
+import time
+import uuid
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
+    parse_age_limit,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
     try_get,
-    unified_timestamp,
+    unified_strdate,
 )
 
 
-class VootIE(InfoExtractor):
+class VootBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'voot'
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
+    _LOGIN_HINT = 'Log in with "-u <email_address> -p <password>", or use "-u token -p <auth_token>" to login with auth token.'
+    _TOKEN = None
+    _EXPIRY = 0
+    _API_HEADERS = {'Origin': 'https://www.voot.com', 'Referer': 'https://www.voot.com/'}
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if self._TOKEN and self._EXPIRY:
+            return
+
+        if username.lower() == 'token' and try_call(lambda: jwt_decode_hs256(password)):
+            VootBaseIE._TOKEN = password
+            VootBaseIE._EXPIRY = jwt_decode_hs256(password)['exp']
+            self.report_login()
+
+        # Mobile number as username is not supported
+        elif not username.isdigit():
+            check_username = self._download_json(
+                'https://userauth.voot.com/usersV3/v3/checkUser', None, data=json.dumps({
+                    'type': 'email',
+                    'email': username
+                }, separators=(',', ':')).encode(), headers={
+                    **self._API_HEADERS,
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8',
+                }, note='Checking username', expected_status=403)
+            if not traverse_obj(check_username, ('isExist', {bool})):
+                if traverse_obj(check_username, ('status', 'code', {int})) == 9999:
+                    self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['IN'])
+                raise ExtractorError('Incorrect username', expected=True)
+            auth_token = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+                'https://userauth.voot.com/usersV3/v3/login', None, data=json.dumps({
+                    'type': 'traditional',
+                    'deviceId': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                    'deviceBrand': 'PC/MAC',
+                    'data': {
+                        'email': username,
+                        'password': password
+                    }
+                }, separators=(',', ':')).encode(), headers={
+                    **self._API_HEADERS,
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8',
+                }, note='Logging in', expected_status=400), ('data', 'authToken', {dict}))
+            if not auth_token:
+                raise ExtractorError('Incorrect password', expected=True)
+            VootBaseIE._TOKEN = auth_token['accessToken']
+            VootBaseIE._EXPIRY = auth_token['expirationTime']
+
+        else:
+            raise ExtractorError(self._LOGIN_HINT, expected=True)
+
+    def _check_token_expiry(self):
+        if int(time.time()) >= self._EXPIRY:
+            raise ExtractorError('Access token has expired', expected=True)
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if not self._TOKEN:
+            self.raise_login_required(self._LOGIN_HINT, method=None)
+        self._check_token_expiry()
+
+
+class VootIE(VootBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     (?:
                         voot:|
@@ -20,27 +92,25 @@ class VootIE(InfoExtractor):
                      )
                     (?P<id>\d{3,})
                     '''
-    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['IN']
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.voot.com/shows/ishq-ka-rang-safed/1/360558/is-this-the-end-of-kamini-/441353',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '0_8ledb18o',
+            'id': '441353',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ishq Ka Rang Safed - Season 01 - Episode 340',
+            'title': 'Is this the end of Kamini?',
             'description': 'md5:06291fbbbc4dcbe21235c40c262507c1',
-            'timestamp': 1472162937,
+            'timestamp': 1472103000,
             'upload_date': '20160825',
             'series': 'Ishq Ka Rang Safed',
             'season_number': 1,
             'episode': 'Is this the end of Kamini?',
             'episode_number': 340,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'like_count': int,
+            'release_date': '20160825',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'age_limit': 13,
+            'duration': 1146.0,
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.voot.com/kids/characters/mighty-cat-masked-niyander-e-/400478/school-bag-disappears/440925',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -55,59 +125,50 @@ class VootIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         media_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://wapi.voot.com/ws/ott/getMediaInfo.json', video_id,
-            query={
-                'platform': 'Web',
-                'pId': 2,
-                'mediaId': video_id,
-            })
+            'https://psapi.voot.com/jio/voot/v1/voot-web/content/query/asset-details', video_id,
+            query={'ids': f'include:{video_id}', 'responseType': 'common'}, headers={'accesstoken': self._TOKEN})
 
-        status_code = try_get(media_info, lambda x: x['status']['code'], int)
-        if status_code != 0:
-            raise ExtractorError(media_info['status']['message'], expected=True)
+        try:
+            m3u8_url = self._download_json(
+                'https://vootapi.media.jio.com/playback/v1/playbackrights', video_id,
+                'Downloading playback JSON', data=b'{}', headers={
+                    **self.geo_verification_headers(),
+                    **self._API_HEADERS,
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8',
+                    'platform': 'androidwebdesktop',
+                    'vootid': video_id,
+                    'voottoken': self._TOKEN,
+                })['m3u8']
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
+                self._check_token_expiry()
+            raise
 
-        media = media_info['assets']
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+        self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
 
-        entry_id = media['EntryId']
-        title = media['MediaName']
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            'https://cdnapisec.kaltura.com/p/1982551/playManifest/pt/https/f/applehttp/t/web/e/' + entry_id,
-            video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
-
-        description, series, season_number, episode, episode_number = [None] * 5
-
-        for meta in try_get(media, lambda x: x['Metas'], list) or []:
-            key, value = meta.get('Key'), meta.get('Value')
-            if not key or not value:
-                continue
-            if key == 'ContentSynopsis':
-                description = value
-            elif key == 'RefSeriesTitle':
-                series = value
-            elif key == 'RefSeriesSeason':
-                season_number = int_or_none(value)
-            elif key == 'EpisodeMainTitle':
-                episode = value
-            elif key == 'EpisodeNo':
-                episode_number = int_or_none(value)
         return {
-            'extractor_key': 'Kaltura',
-            'id': entry_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'series': series,
-            'season_number': season_number,
-            'episode': episode,
-            'episode_number': episode_number,
-            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(media.get('CreationDate')),
-            'duration': int_or_none(media.get('Duration')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(media.get('ViewCounter')),
-            'like_count': int_or_none(media.get('like_counter')),
-            'formats': formats,
+            'id': video_id,
+            # '/_definst_/smil:vod/' m3u8 manifests claim to have 720p+ formats but max out at 480p
+            'formats': traverse_obj(formats, (
+                lambda _, v: '/_definst_/smil:vod/' not in v['url'] or v['height'] <= 480)),
+            'http_headers': self._API_HEADERS,
+            **traverse_obj(media_info, ('result', 0, {
+                'title': ('fullTitle', {str}),
+                'description': ('fullSynopsis', {str}),
+                'series': ('showName', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode': ('fullTitle', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('uploadTime', {int_or_none}),
+                'release_date': ('telecastDate', {unified_strdate}),
+                'age_limit': ('ageNemonic', {parse_age_limit}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+            })),
         }
 
 
-class VootSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
+class VootSeriesIE(VootBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?voot\.com/shows/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d{3,})'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.voot.com/shows/chakravartin-ashoka-samrat/100002',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
index 26f48bf67..497233d95 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
@@ -1,45 +1,139 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
+import functools
+import json
+import time
+import urllib.parse
+
+from .gigya import GigyaBaseIE
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
     float_or_none,
     get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    jwt_encode_hs256,
+    make_archive_id,
+    parse_age_limit,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    str_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
-    unified_timestamp,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
-class VRTIE(InfoExtractor):
+class VRTBaseIE(GigyaBaseIE):
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
+    _PLAYER_INFO = {
+        'platform': 'desktop',
+        'app': {
+            'type': 'browser',
+            'name': 'Chrome',
+        },
+        'device': 'undefined (undefined)',
+        'os': {
+            'name': 'Windows',
+            'version': 'x86_64'
+        },
+        'player': {
+            'name': 'VRT web player',
+            'version': '2.7.4-prod-2023-04-19T06:05:45'
+        }
+    }
+    # From https://player.vrt.be/vrtnws/js/main.js & https://player.vrt.be/ketnet/js/main.8cdb11341bcb79e4cd44.js
+    _JWT_KEY_ID = '0-0Fp51UZykfaiCJrfTE3+oMI8zvDteYfPtR+2n1R+z8w='
+    _JWT_SIGNING_KEY = 'b5f500d55cb44715107249ccd8a5c0136cfb2788dbb71b90a4f142423bacaf38'  # -dev
+    # player-stag.vrt.be key:    d23987504521ae6fbf2716caca6700a24bb1579477b43c84e146b279de5ca595
+    # player.vrt.be key:         2a9251d782700769fb856da5725daf38661874ca6f80ae7dc2b05ec1a81a24ae
+
+    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, data, video_id):
+        if traverse_obj(data, 'drm'):
+            self.report_drm(video_id)
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for target in traverse_obj(data, ('targetUrls', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']) and v['type'])):
+            format_type = target['type'].upper()
+            format_url = target['url']
+            if format_type in ('HLS', 'HLS_AES'):
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_type, fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            elif format_type == 'HDS':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
+                    format_url, video_id, f4m_id=format_type, fatal=False))
+            elif format_type == 'MPEG_DASH':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    format_url, video_id, mpd_id=format_type, fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            elif format_type == 'HSS':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_ism_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    format_url, video_id, ism_id='mss', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'format_id': format_type,
+                    'url': format_url,
+                })
+
+        for sub in traverse_obj(data, ('subtitleUrls', lambda _, v: v['url'] and v['type'] == 'CLOSED')):
+            subtitles.setdefault('nl', []).append({'url': sub['url']})
+
+        return formats, subtitles
+
+    def _call_api(self, video_id, client='null', id_token=None, version='v2'):
+        player_info = {'exp': (round(time.time(), 3) + 900), **self._PLAYER_INFO}
+        player_token = self._download_json(
+            'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/vualto-video-aggregator-web/rest/external/v2/tokens',
+            video_id, 'Downloading player token', headers={
+                **self.geo_verification_headers(),
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            }, data=json.dumps({
+                'identityToken': id_token or {},
+                'playerInfo': jwt_encode_hs256(player_info, self._JWT_SIGNING_KEY, headers={
+                    'kid': self._JWT_KEY_ID
+                }).decode()
+            }, separators=(',', ':')).encode())['vrtPlayerToken']
+
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/media-aggregator/{version}/media-items/{video_id}',
+            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', query={
+                'vrtPlayerToken': player_token,
+                'client': client,
+            }, expected_status=400)
+
+
+class VRTIE(VRTBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'VRT NWS, Flanders News, Flandern Info and Sporza'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?P<site>vrt\.be/vrtnws|sporza\.be)/[a-z]{2}/\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}/(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/nl/2019/05/15/beelden-van-binnenkant-notre-dame-een-maand-na-de-brand/',
-        'md5': 'e1663accf5cf13f375f3cd0d10476669',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'pbs-pub-7855fc7b-1448-49bc-b073-316cb60caa71$vid-2ca50305-c38a-4762-9890-65cbd098b7bd',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Beelden van binnenkant Notre-Dame, één maand na de brand',
-            'description': 'Op maandagavond 15 april ging een deel van het dakgebinte van de Parijse kathedraal in vlammen op.',
-            'timestamp': 1557924660,
-            'upload_date': '20190515',
+            'description': 'md5:6fd85f999b2d1841aa5568f4bf02c3ff',
             'duration': 31.2,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2019/05/15/2d914d61-7710-11e9-abcc-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://sporza.be/nl/2019/05/15/de-belgian-cats-zijn-klaar-voor-het-ek/',
-        'md5': '910bba927566e9ab992278f647eb4b75',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'pbs-pub-f2c86a46-8138-413a-a4b9-a0015a16ce2c$vid-1f112b31-e58e-4379-908d-aca6d80f8818',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'De Belgian Cats zijn klaar voor het EK mét Ann Wauters',
-            'timestamp': 1557923760,
-            'upload_date': '20190515',
+            'title': 'De Belgian Cats zijn klaar voor het EK',
+            'description': 'Video: De Belgian Cats zijn klaar voor het EK mét Ann Wauters | basketbal, sport in het journaal',
             'duration': 115.17,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2019/05/15/11c0dba3-770e-11e9-abcc-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
         },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/en/2019/05/15/belgium_s-eurovision-entry-falls-at-the-first-hurdle/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnws/de/2019/05/15/aus-fuer-eliott-im-halbfinale-des-eurosongfestivals/',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
     _CLIENT_MAP = {
         'vrt.be/vrtnws': 'vrtnieuws',
@@ -49,34 +143,285 @@ class VRTIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         site, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        attrs = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(
-            r'(<[^>]+class="vrtvideo( [^"]*)?"[^>]*>)', webpage, 'vrt video'))
+        attrs = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_class('vrtvideo', webpage) or '')
 
-        asset_id = attrs['data-video-id']
-        publication_id = attrs.get('data-publication-id')
+        asset_id = attrs.get('data-video-id') or attrs['data-videoid']
+        publication_id = traverse_obj(attrs, 'data-publication-id', 'data-publicationid')
         if publication_id:
-            asset_id = publication_id + '$' + asset_id
-        client = attrs.get('data-client-code') or self._CLIENT_MAP[site]
+            asset_id = f'{publication_id}${asset_id}'
+        client = traverse_obj(attrs, 'data-client-code', 'data-client') or self._CLIENT_MAP[site]
+
+        data = self._call_api(asset_id, client)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(data, asset_id)
 
-        title = strip_or_none(get_element_by_class(
-            'vrt-title', webpage) or self._html_search_meta(
-            ['og:title', 'twitter:title', 'name'], webpage))
         description = self._html_search_meta(
             ['og:description', 'twitter:description', 'description'], webpage)
         if description == '…':
             description = None
-        timestamp = unified_timestamp(self._html_search_meta(
-            'article:published_time', webpage))
 
         return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
             'id': asset_id,
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
             'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': attrs.get('data-posterimage'),
-            'timestamp': timestamp,
+            'thumbnail': url_or_none(attrs.get('data-posterimage')),
             'duration': float_or_none(attrs.get('data-duration'), 1000),
-            'url': 'https://mediazone.vrt.be/api/v1/%s/assets/%s' % (client, asset_id),
-            'ie_key': 'Canvas',
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', asset_id)],
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('shortDescription', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('posterImageUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class VrtNUIE(VRTBaseIE):
+    IE_DESC = 'VRT MAX'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?vrt\.be/vrtnu/a-z/(?:[^/]+/){2}(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # CONTENT_IS_AGE_RESTRICTED
+        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/de-ideale-wereld/2023-vj/de-ideale-wereld-d20230116/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'pbs-pub-855b00a8-6ce2-4032-ac4f-1fcf3ae78524$vid-d2243aa1-ec46-4e34-a55b-92568459906f',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Tom Waes',
+            'description': 'Satirisch actualiteitenmagazine met Ella Leyers. Tom Waes is te gast.',
+            'timestamp': 1673905125,
+            'release_timestamp': 1673905125,
+            'series': 'De ideale wereld',
+            'season_id': '1672830988794',
+            'episode': 'Aflevering 1',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'episode_id': '1672830988861',
+            'display_id': 'de-ideale-wereld-d20230116',
+            'channel': 'VRT',
+            'duration': 1939.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2023/01/10/1bb39cb3-9115-11ed-b07d-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
+            'release_date': '20230116',
+            'upload_date': '20230116',
+            'age_limit': 12,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/buurman--wat-doet-u-nu-/6/buurman--wat-doet-u-nu--s6-trailer/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'pbs-pub-ad4050eb-d9e5-48c2-9ec8-b6c355032361$vid-0465537a-34a8-4617-8352-4d8d983b4eee',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Trailer seizoen 6 \'Buurman, wat doet u nu?\'',
+            'description': 'md5:197424726c61384b4e5c519f16c0cf02',
+            'timestamp': 1652940000,
+            'release_timestamp': 1652940000,
+            'series': 'Buurman, wat doet u nu?',
+            'season': 'Seizoen 6',
+            'season_number': 6,
+            'season_id': '1652344200907',
+            'episode': 'Aflevering 0',
+            'episode_number': 0,
+            'episode_id': '1652951873524',
+            'display_id': 'buurman--wat-doet-u-nu--s6-trailer',
+            'channel': 'VRT',
+            'duration': 33.13,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2022/05/23/3c234d21-da83-11ec-b07d-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
+            'release_date': '20220519',
+            'upload_date': '20220519',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'vrtnu'
+    _authenticated = False
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        auth_info = self._gigya_login({
+            'APIKey': '3_0Z2HujMtiWq_pkAjgnS2Md2E11a1AwZjYiBETtwNE-EoEHDINgtnvcAOpNgmrVGy',
+            'targetEnv': 'jssdk',
+            'loginID': username,
+            'password': password,
+            'authMode': 'cookie',
+        })
+
+        if auth_info.get('errorDetails'):
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unable to login. VrtNU said: {auth_info["errorDetails"]}', expected=True)
+
+        # Sometimes authentication fails for no good reason, retry
+        for retry in self.RetryManager():
+            if retry.attempt > 1:
+                self._sleep(1, None)
+            try:
+                self._request_webpage(
+                    'https://token.vrt.be/vrtnuinitlogin', None, note='Requesting XSRF Token',
+                    errnote='Could not get XSRF Token', query={
+                        'provider': 'site',
+                        'destination': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/',
+                    })
+                self._request_webpage(
+                    'https://login.vrt.be/perform_login', None,
+                    note='Performing login', errnote='Login failed',
+                    query={'client_id': 'vrtnu-site'}, data=urlencode_postdata({
+                        'UID': auth_info['UID'],
+                        'UIDSignature': auth_info['UIDSignature'],
+                        'signatureTimestamp': auth_info['signatureTimestamp'],
+                        '_csrf': self._get_cookies('https://login.vrt.be').get('OIDCXSRF').value,
+                    }))
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                    retry.error = e
+                    continue
+                raise
+
+        self._authenticated = True
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+        details = self._download_json(
+            f'{parsed_url.scheme}://{parsed_url.netloc}{parsed_url.path.rstrip("/")}.model.json',
+            display_id, 'Downloading asset JSON', 'Unable to download asset JSON')['details']
+
+        watch_info = traverse_obj(details, (
+            'actions', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'watch-episode', {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
+        video_id = join_nonempty(
+            'episodePublicationId', 'episodeVideoId', delim='$', from_dict=watch_info)
+        if '$' not in video_id:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract video ID')
+
+        vrtnutoken = self._download_json(
+            'https://token.vrt.be/refreshtoken', video_id, note='Retrieving vrtnutoken',
+            errnote='Token refresh failed')['vrtnutoken'] if self._authenticated else None
+
+        video_info = self._call_api(video_id, 'vrtnu-web@PROD', vrtnutoken)
+
+        if 'title' not in video_info:
+            code = video_info.get('code')
+            if code in ('AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED', 'CONTENT_IS_AGE_RESTRICTED'):
+                self.raise_login_required(code, method='password')
+            elif code in ('INVALID_LOCATION', 'CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_IN_BE'):
+                self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['BE'])
+            elif code == 'CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_FOR_BE_RESIDENTS_AND_EXPATS':
+                if not self._authenticated:
+                    self.raise_login_required(code, method='password')
+                self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['BE'])
+            raise ExtractorError(code, expected=True)
+
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(video_info, video_id)
+
+        return {
+            **traverse_obj(details, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                'timestamp': ('data', 'episode', 'onTime', 'raw', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('data', 'episode', 'onTime', 'raw', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'series': ('data', 'program', 'title'),
+                'season': ('data', 'season', 'title', 'value'),
+                'season_number': ('data', 'season', 'title', 'raw', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_id': ('data', 'season', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+                'episode': ('data', 'episode', 'number', 'value', {str_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('data', 'episode', 'number', 'raw', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_id': ('data', 'episode', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('data', 'episode', 'age', 'raw', {parse_age_limit}),
+            }),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'channel': 'VRT',
+            'formats': formats,
+            'duration': float_or_none(video_info.get('duration'), 1000),
+            'thumbnail': url_or_none(video_info.get('posterImageUrl')),
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id)],
+        }
+
+
+class KetnetIE(VRTBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ketnet\.be/(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.ketnet.be/kijken/m/meisjes/6/meisjes-s6a5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'pbs-pub-39f8351c-a0a0-43e6-8394-205d597d6162$vid-5e306921-a9aa-4fa9-9f39-5b82c8f1028e',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Meisjes',
+            'episode': 'Reeks 6: Week 5',
+            'season': 'Reeks 6',
+            'series': 'Meisjes',
+            'timestamp': 1685251800,
+            'upload_date': '20230528',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        video = self._download_json(
+            'https://senior-bff.ketnet.be/graphql', display_id, query={
+                'query': '''{
+  video(id: "content/ketnet/nl/%s.model.json") {
+    description
+    episodeNr
+    imageUrl
+    mediaReference
+    programTitle
+    publicationDate
+    seasonTitle
+    subtitleVideodetail
+    titleVideodetail
+  }
+}''' % display_id,
+            })['data']['video']
+
+        video_id = urllib.parse.unquote(video['mediaReference'])
+        data = self._call_api(video_id, 'ketnet@PROD', version='v1')
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(data, video_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id)],
+            **traverse_obj(video, {
+                'title': ('titleVideodetail', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('publicationDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'series': ('programTitle', {str}),
+                'season': ('seasonTitle', {str}),
+                'episode': ('subtitleVideodetail', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNr', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class DagelijkseKostIE(VRTBaseIE):
+    IE_DESC = 'dagelijksekost.een.be'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://dagelijksekost\.een\.be/gerechten/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://dagelijksekost.een.be/gerechten/hachis-parmentier-met-witloof',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'md-ast-27a4d1ff-7d7b-425e-b84f-a4d227f592fa',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Hachis parmentier met witloof',
+            'description': 'md5:9960478392d87f63567b5b117688cdc5',
+            'display_id': 'hachis-parmentier-met-witloof',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        video_id = self._html_search_regex(
+            r'data-url=(["\'])(?P<id>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1', webpage, 'video id', group='id')
+
+        data = self._call_api(video_id, 'dako@prod', version='v1')
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(data, video_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'title': strip_or_none(get_element_by_class(
+                'dish-metadata__title', webpage) or self._html_search_meta('twitter:title', webpage)),
+            'description': clean_html(get_element_by_class(
+                'dish-description', webpage)) or self._html_search_meta(
+                ['description', 'twitter:description', 'og:description'], webpage),
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id)],
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrv.py
index ad9dc568a..523c442e6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrv.py
@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError, compat_urllib_parse_urlencode
+from ..compat import compat_urllib_parse_urlencode
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
@@ -54,8 +55,8 @@ def _call_api(self, path, video_id, note, data=None):
                 '?'.join([base_url, encoded_query]), video_id,
                 note='Downloading %s JSON metadata' % note, headers=headers, data=data)
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 401:
-                raise ExtractorError(json.loads(e.cause.read().decode())['message'], expected=True)
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                raise ExtractorError(json.loads(e.cause.response.read().decode())['message'], expected=True)
             raise
 
     def _call_cms(self, path, video_id, note):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vshare.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vshare.py
index 1bc7ae4ba..443ed43cc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vshare.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vshare.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ def _extract_packed(self, webpage):
         packed = self._search_regex(
             r'(eval\(function.+)', webpage, 'packed code')
         unpacked = decode_packed_codes(packed)
-        digits = self._search_regex(r'\[((?:\d+,?)+)\]', unpacked, 'digits')
+        digits = self._search_regex(r'\[([\d,]+)\]', unpacked, 'digits')
         digits = [int(digit) for digit in digits.split(',')]
         key_digit = self._search_regex(
             r'fromCharCode\(.+?(\d+)\)}', unpacked, 'key digit')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wat.py
index 7c62d2866..9ea3fddd6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wat.py
@@ -41,6 +41,18 @@ class WatIE(InfoExtractor):
             'expected_warnings': ["Ce contenu n'est pas disponible pour l'instant."],
             'skip': 'This content is no longer available',
         },
+        {
+            'url': 'wat:14010600',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '14010600',
+                'title': 'Burger Quiz - S03 EP21 avec Eye Haidara, Anne Depétrini, Jonathan Zaccaï et Pio Marmaï',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://photos.tf1.fr/1280/720/burger-quiz-11-9adb79-0@1x.jpg',
+                'upload_date': '20230819',
+                'duration': 2312,
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        }
     ]
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
@@ -54,7 +66,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         #     'http://www.wat.tv/interface/contentv4s/' + video_id, video_id)
         video_data = self._download_json(
             'https://mediainfo.tf1.fr/mediainfocombo/' + video_id,
-            video_id, query={'context': 'MYTF1', 'pver': '4020003'})
+            video_id, query={'pver': '5010000'})
         video_info = video_data['media']
 
         error_desc = video_info.get('error_desc')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wdr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wdr.py
index de5dc2666..6767f2654 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wdr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wdr.py
@@ -173,6 +173,7 @@ class WDRPageIE(WDRIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'skip': 'HTTP Error 404: Not Found',
         },
         {
+            # FIXME: Asset JSON is directly embedded in webpage
             'url': 'http://www1.wdr.de/mediathek/video/live/index.html',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'mdb-2296252',
@@ -221,6 +222,8 @@ class WDRPageIE(WDRIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                 'id': 'mdb-869971',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': r're:^COSMO Livestream [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2} [0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}$',
+                'alt_title': 'COSMO Livestream',
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
                 'upload_date': '20160101',
             },
             'params': {
@@ -248,6 +251,16 @@ class WDRPageIE(WDRIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'url': 'https://kinder.wdr.de/tv/die-sendung-mit-dem-elefanten/av/video-folge---astronaut-100.html',
             'only_matching': True,
         },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www1.wdr.de/mediathek/video/sendungen/rockpalast/video-baroness---freak-valley-festival--100.html',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'mdb-2741028',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Baroness - Freak Valley Festival 2022',
+                'alt_title': 'Rockpalast',
+                'upload_date': '20220725',
+            },
+        }
     ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -259,7 +272,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         # Article with several videos
 
-        # for wdr.de the data-extension is in a tag with the class "mediaLink"
+        # for wdr.de the data-extension-ard is in a tag with the class "mediaLink"
         # for wdr.de radio players, in a tag with the class "wdrrPlayerPlayBtn"
         # for wdrmaus, in a tag with the class "videoButton" (previously a link
         # to the page in a multiline "videoLink"-tag)
@@ -268,7 +281,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     (?:
                         (["\'])(?:mediaLink|wdrrPlayerPlayBtn|videoButton)\b.*?\1[^>]+|
                         (["\'])videoLink\b.*?\2[\s]*>\n[^\n]*
-                    )data-extension=(["\'])(?P<data>(?:(?!\3).)+)\3
+                    )data-extension(?:-ard)?=(["\'])(?P<data>(?:(?!\3).)+)\3
                     ''', webpage):
             media_link_obj = self._parse_json(
                 mobj.group('data'), display_id, transform_source=js_to_json,
@@ -295,7 +308,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     compat_urlparse.urljoin(url, mobj.group('href')),
                     ie=WDRPageIE.ie_key())
                 for mobj in re.finditer(
-                    r'<a[^>]+\bhref=(["\'])(?P<href>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1[^>]+\bdata-extension=',
+                    r'<a[^>]+\bhref=(["\'])(?P<href>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1[^>]+\bdata-extension(?:-ard)?=',
                     webpage) if re.match(self._PAGE_REGEX, mobj.group('href'))
             ]
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
index 81a23b9df..2fca745aa 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
@@ -1,134 +1,251 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-
 import json
 import random
-import re
+import itertools
+import urllib.parse
 
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_parse_qs,
-    compat_str,
-)
+from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    js_to_json,
+    int_or_none,
+    make_archive_id,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    parse_resolution,
+    str_or_none,
     strip_jsonp,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
-class WeiboIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?weibo\.com/[0-9]+/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://weibo.com/6275294458/Fp6RGfbff?type=comment',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'Fp6RGfbff',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'You should have servants to massage you,... 来自Hosico_猫 - 微博',
-        }
-    }
+class WeiboBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _update_visitor_cookies(self, visitor_url, video_id):
+        headers = {'Referer': visitor_url}
+        chrome_ver = self._search_regex(
+            r'Chrome/(\d+)', self.get_param('http_headers')['User-Agent'], 'user agent version', default='90')
+        visitor_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://passport.weibo.com/visitor/genvisitor', video_id,
+            note='Generating first-visit guest request',
+            headers=headers, transform_source=strip_jsonp,
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'cb': 'gen_callback',
+                'fp': json.dumps({
+                    'os': '1',
+                    'browser': f'Chrome{chrome_ver},0,0,0',
+                    'fonts': 'undefined',
+                    'screenInfo': '1920*1080*24',
+                    'plugins': ''
+                }, separators=(',', ':'))}))['data']
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        # to get Referer url for genvisitor
-        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
-
-        visitor_url = urlh.geturl()
-
-        if 'passport.weibo.com' in visitor_url:
-            # first visit
-            visitor_data = self._download_json(
-                'https://passport.weibo.com/visitor/genvisitor', video_id,
-                note='Generating first-visit data',
-                transform_source=strip_jsonp,
-                headers={'Referer': visitor_url},
-                data=urlencode_postdata({
-                    'cb': 'gen_callback',
-                    'fp': json.dumps({
-                        'os': '2',
-                        'browser': 'Gecko57,0,0,0',
-                        'fonts': 'undefined',
-                        'screenInfo': '1440*900*24',
-                        'plugins': '',
-                    }),
-                }))
-
-            tid = visitor_data['data']['tid']
-            cnfd = '%03d' % visitor_data['data']['confidence']
-
-            self._download_webpage(
-                'https://passport.weibo.com/visitor/visitor', video_id,
-                note='Running first-visit callback',
-                query={
-                    'a': 'incarnate',
-                    't': tid,
-                    'w': 2,
-                    'c': cnfd,
-                    'cb': 'cross_domain',
-                    'from': 'weibo',
-                    '_rand': random.random(),
-                })
-
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                url, video_id, note='Revisiting webpage')
-
-        title = self._html_extract_title(webpage)
-
-        video_formats = compat_parse_qs(self._search_regex(
-            r'video-sources=\\\"(.+?)\"', webpage, 'video_sources'))
-
-        formats = []
-        supported_resolutions = (480, 720)
-        for res in supported_resolutions:
-            vid_urls = video_formats.get(compat_str(res))
-            if not vid_urls or not isinstance(vid_urls, list):
-                continue
-
-            vid_url = vid_urls[0]
-            formats.append({
-                'url': vid_url,
-                'height': res,
+        self._download_webpage(
+            'https://passport.weibo.com/visitor/visitor', video_id,
+            note='Running first-visit callback to get guest cookies',
+            headers=headers, query={
+                'a': 'incarnate',
+                't': visitor_data['tid'],
+                'w': 3 if visitor_data.get('new_tid') else 2,
+                'c': f'{visitor_data.get("confidence", 100):03d}',
+                'gc': '',
+                'cb': 'cross_domain',
+                'from': 'weibo',
+                '_rand': random.random(),
             })
 
-        uploader = self._og_search_property(
-            'nick-name', webpage, 'uploader', default=None)
+    def _weibo_download_json(self, url, video_id, *args, fatal=True, note='Downloading JSON metadata', **kwargs):
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id, *args, fatal=fatal, note=note, **kwargs)
+        if urllib.parse.urlparse(urlh.url).netloc == 'passport.weibo.com':
+            self._update_visitor_cookies(urlh.url, video_id)
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, *args, fatal=fatal, note=note, **kwargs)
+        return self._parse_json(webpage, video_id, fatal=fatal)
 
+    def _extract_formats(self, video_info):
+        media_info = traverse_obj(video_info, ('page_info', 'media_info'))
+        formats = traverse_obj(media_info, (
+            'playback_list', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['play_info']['url']), 'play_info', {
+                'url': 'url',
+                'format': ('quality_desc', {str}),
+                'format_id': ('label', {str}),
+                'ext': ('mime', {mimetype2ext}),
+                'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'vcodec': ('video_codecs', {str}),
+                'fps': ('fps', {int_or_none}),
+                'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                'acodec': ('audio_codecs', {str}),
+                'asr': ('audio_sample_rate', {int_or_none}),
+                'audio_channels': ('audio_channels', {int_or_none}),
+            }))
+        if not formats:  # fallback, should be barely used
+            for url in set(traverse_obj(media_info, (..., {url_or_none}))):
+                if 'label=' in url:  # filter out non-video urls
+                    format_id, resolution = self._search_regex(
+                        r'label=(\w+)&template=(\d+x\d+)', url, 'format info',
+                        group=(1, 2), default=(None, None))
+                    formats.append({
+                        'url': url,
+                        'format_id': format_id,
+                        **parse_resolution(resolution),
+                        **traverse_obj(media_info, (
+                            'video_details', lambda _, v: v['label'].startswith(format_id), {
+                                'size': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                                'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}),
+                            }
+                        ), get_all=False),
+                    })
+        return formats
+
+    def _parse_video_info(self, video_info, video_id=None):
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'uploader': uploader,
-            'formats': formats
+            'extractor_key': WeiboIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': WeiboIE.IE_NAME,
+            'formats': self._extract_formats(video_info),
+            'http_headers': {'Referer': 'https://weibo.com/'},
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('WeiboMobile', video_id)],
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'id': (('id', 'id_str', 'mid'), {str_or_none}),
+                'display_id': ('mblogid', {str_or_none}),
+                'title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': ('text_raw', {str}),
+                'duration': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'video_publish_time', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('page_info', 'page_pic', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('user', 'screen_name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('user', ('id', 'id_str'), {str_or_none}),
+                'uploader_url': ('user', 'profile_url', {lambda x: urljoin('https://weibo.com/', x)}),
+                'view_count': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'online_users_number', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('attitudes_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'repost_count': ('reposts_count', {int_or_none}),
+            }, get_all=False),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(video_info, ('topic_struct', ..., 'topic_title', {str})) or None,
         }
 
 
-class WeiboMobileIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://m\.weibo\.cn/status/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(\?.+)?'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://m.weibo.cn/status/4189191225395228?wm=3333_2001&sourcetype=weixin&featurecode=newtitle&from=singlemessage&isappinstalled=0',
+class WeiboIE(WeiboBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:m\.weibo\.cn/status|(?:www\.)?weibo\.com/\d+)/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://weibo.com/7827771738/N4xlMvjhI',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4910815147462302',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'N4xlMvjhI',
+            'title': '【睡前消息暑假版第一期：拉泰国一把  对中国有好处】',
+            'description': 'md5:e2637a7673980d68694ea7c43cf12a5f',
+            'duration': 918,
+            'timestamp': 1686312819,
+            'upload_date': '20230609',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
+            'uploader': '睡前视频基地',
+            'uploader_id': '7827771738',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://weibo.com/u/7827771738',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'tags': ['泰国大选远进党获胜', '睡前消息', '暑期版'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://m.weibo.cn/status/4189191225395228',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4189191225395228',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '午睡当然是要甜甜蜜蜜的啦',
-            'uploader': '柴犬柴犬'
+            'display_id': 'FBqgOmDxO',
+            'title': '柴犬柴犬的秒拍视频',
+            'description': 'md5:80f461ab5cdae6bbdb70efbf5a1db24f',
+            'duration': 53,
+            'timestamp': 1514264429,
+            'upload_date': '20171226',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
+            'uploader': '柴犬柴犬',
+            'uploader_id': '5926682210',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://weibo.com/u/5926682210',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
         }
-    }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://weibo.com/0/4224132150961381',
+        'note': 'no playback_list example',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        # to get Referer url for genvisitor
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note='visit the page')
 
-        weibo_info = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'var\s+\$render_data\s*=\s*\[({.*})\]\[0\]\s*\|\|\s*{};',
-            webpage, 'js_code', flags=re.DOTALL),
-            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
+        return self._parse_video_info(self._weibo_download_json(
+            f'https://weibo.com/ajax/statuses/show?id={video_id}', video_id))
 
-        status_data = weibo_info.get('status', {})
-        page_info = status_data.get('page_info')
-        title = status_data['status_title']
-        uploader = status_data.get('user', {}).get('screen_name')
 
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'uploader': uploader,
-            'url': page_info['media_info']['stream_url']
+class WeiboVideoIE(WeiboBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?weibo\.com/tv/show/(?P<id>\d+:\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://weibo.com/tv/show/1034:4797699866951785?from=old_pc_videoshow',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4797700463137878',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'LEZDodaiW',
+            'title': '呃，稍微了解了一下靡烟miya，感觉这东西也太二了',
+            'description': '呃，稍微了解了一下靡烟miya，感觉这东西也太二了 http://t.cn/A6aerGsM ​​​',
+            'duration': 76,
+            'timestamp': 1659344278,
+            'upload_date': '20220801',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
+            'uploader': '君子爱财陈平安',
+            'uploader_id': '3905382233',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://weibo.com/u/3905382233',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
         }
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        post_data = f'data={{"Component_Play_Playinfo":{{"oid":"{video_id}"}}}}'.encode()
+        video_info = self._weibo_download_json(
+            f'https://weibo.com/tv/api/component?page=%2Ftv%2Fshow%2F{video_id.replace(":", "%3A")}',
+            video_id, headers={'Referer': url}, data=post_data)['data']['Component_Play_Playinfo']
+        return self.url_result(f'https://weibo.com/0/{video_info["mid"]}', WeiboIE)
+
+
+class WeiboUserIE(WeiboBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?weibo\.com/u/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://weibo.com/u/2066652961?tabtype=video',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2066652961',
+            'title': '萧影殿下的视频',
+            'description': '萧影殿下的全部视频',
+            'uploader': '萧影殿下',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 195,
+    }]
+
+    def _fetch_page(self, uid, cursor=0, page=1):
+        return self._weibo_download_json(
+            'https://weibo.com/ajax/profile/getWaterFallContent',
+            uid, note=f'Downloading videos page {page}',
+            query={'uid': uid, 'cursor': cursor})['data']
+
+    def _entries(self, uid, first_page):
+        cursor = 0
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            response = first_page if page == 1 else self._fetch_page(uid, cursor, page)
+            for video_info in traverse_obj(response, ('list', ..., {dict})):
+                yield self._parse_video_info(video_info)
+            cursor = response.get('next_cursor')
+            if (int_or_none(cursor) or -1) < 0:
+                break
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        uid = self._match_id(url)
+        first_page = self._fetch_page(uid)
+        uploader = traverse_obj(first_page, ('list', ..., 'user', 'screen_name', {str}), get_all=False)
+        metainfo = {
+            'title': f'{uploader}的视频',
+            'description': f'{uploader}的全部视频',
+            'uploader': uploader,
+        } if uploader else {}
+
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(uid, first_page), uid, **metainfo)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c94ca9db9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
@@ -0,0 +1,608 @@
+import base64
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import itertools
+import json
+import re
+import time
+import urllib.parse
+import uuid
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .naver import NaverBaseIE
+from .youtube import YoutubeIE
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    UserNotLive,
+    float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    update_url_query,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class WeverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'weverse'
+    _ACCOUNT_API_BASE = 'https://accountapi.weverse.io/web/api/v2'
+    _API_HEADERS = {
+        'Referer': 'https://weverse.io/',
+        'WEV-device-Id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+    }
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if self._API_HEADERS.get('Authorization'):
+            return
+
+        headers = {
+            'x-acc-app-secret': '5419526f1c624b38b10787e5c10b2a7a',
+            'x-acc-app-version': '2.2.6',
+            'x-acc-language': 'en',
+            'x-acc-service-id': 'weverse',
+            'x-acc-trace-id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+            'x-clog-user-device-id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+        }
+        valid_username = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/signup/email/status', None, note='Checking username',
+            query={'email': username}, headers=headers, expected_status=(400, 404)), 'hasPassword')
+        if not valid_username:
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid username provided', expected=True)
+
+        headers['content-type'] = 'application/json'
+        try:
+            auth = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/auth/token/by-credentials', None, data=json.dumps({
+                    'email': username,
+                    'password': password,
+                }, separators=(',', ':')).encode(), headers=headers, note='Logging in')
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid password provided', expected=True)
+            raise
+
+        WeverseBaseIE._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {auth["accessToken"]}'
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if self._API_HEADERS.get('Authorization'):
+            return
+
+        token = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://weverse.io/')['we2_access_token'].value)
+        if token:
+            WeverseBaseIE._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {token}'
+
+    def _call_api(self, ep, video_id, data=None, note='Downloading API JSON'):
+        # Ref: https://ssl.pstatic.net/static/wevweb/2_3_2_11101725/public/static/js/2488.a09b41ff.chunk.js
+        # From https://ssl.pstatic.net/static/wevweb/2_3_2_11101725/public/static/js/main.e206f7c1.js:
+        key = b'1b9cb6378d959b45714bec49971ade22e6e24e42'
+        api_path = update_url_query(ep, {
+            'appId': 'be4d79eb8fc7bd008ee82c8ec4ff6fd4',
+            'language': 'en',
+            'platform': 'WEB',
+            'wpf': 'pc',
+        })
+        wmsgpad = int(time.time() * 1000)
+        wmd = base64.b64encode(hmac.HMAC(
+            key, f'{api_path[:255]}{wmsgpad}'.encode(), digestmod=hashlib.sha1).digest()).decode()
+        headers = {'Content-Type': 'application/json'} if data else {}
+        try:
+            return self._download_json(
+                f'https://global.apis.naver.com/weverse/wevweb{api_path}', video_id, note=note,
+                data=data, headers={**self._API_HEADERS, **headers}, query={
+                    'wmsgpad': wmsgpad,
+                    'wmd': wmd,
+                })
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                self.raise_login_required(
+                    'Session token has expired. Log in again or refresh cookies in browser')
+            elif isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                if 'Authorization' in self._API_HEADERS:
+                    raise ExtractorError('Your account does not have access to this content', expected=True)
+                self.raise_login_required()
+            raise
+
+    def _call_post_api(self, video_id):
+        path = '' if 'Authorization' in self._API_HEADERS else '/preview'
+        return self._call_api(f'/post/v1.0/post-{video_id}{path}?fieldSet=postV1', video_id)
+
+    def _get_community_id(self, channel):
+        return str(self._call_api(
+            f'/community/v1.0/communityIdUrlPathByUrlPathArtistCode?keyword={channel}',
+            channel, note='Fetching community ID')['communityId'])
+
+    def _get_formats(self, data, video_id):
+        formats = traverse_obj(data, ('videos', 'list', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['source']), {
+            'url': 'source',
+            'width': ('encodingOption', 'width', {int_or_none}),
+            'height': ('encodingOption', 'height', {int_or_none}),
+            'vcodec': 'type',
+            'vbr': ('bitrate', 'video', {int_or_none}),
+            'abr': ('bitrate', 'audio', {int_or_none}),
+            'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+            'format_id': ('encodingOption', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+        }))
+
+        for stream in traverse_obj(data, ('streams', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'HLS' and url_or_none(v['source']))):
+            query = {}
+            for param in traverse_obj(stream, ('keys', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'param' and v['name'])):
+                query[param['name']] = param.get('value', '')
+            fmts = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                stream['source'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False, query=query)
+            if query:
+                for fmt in fmts:
+                    fmt['url'] = update_url_query(fmt['url'], query)
+                    fmt['extra_param_to_segment_url'] = urllib.parse.urlencode(query)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+
+        return formats
+
+    def _get_subs(self, caption_url):
+        subs_ext_re = r'\.(?:ttml|vtt)'
+        replace_ext = lambda x, y: re.sub(subs_ext_re, y, x)
+        if re.search(subs_ext_re, caption_url):
+            return [replace_ext(caption_url, '.ttml'), replace_ext(caption_url, '.vtt')]
+        return [caption_url]
+
+    def _parse_post_meta(self, metadata):
+        return traverse_obj(metadata, {
+            'title': ((('extension', 'mediaInfo', 'title'), 'title'), {str}),
+            'description': ((('extension', 'mediaInfo', 'body'), 'body'), {str}),
+            'uploader': ('author', 'profileName', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': ('author', 'memberId', {str}),
+            'creator': ('community', 'communityName', {str}),
+            'channel_id': (('community', 'author'), 'communityId', {str_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('extension', 'video', 'playTime', {float_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('extension', 'video', 'onAirStartAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+            'thumbnail': ('extension', (('mediaInfo', 'thumbnail', 'url'), ('video', 'thumb')), {url_or_none}),
+            'view_count': ('extension', 'video', 'playCount', {int_or_none}),
+            'like_count': ('extension', 'video', 'likeCount', {int_or_none}),
+            'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
+        }, get_all=False)
+
+    def _extract_availability(self, data):
+        return self._availability(**traverse_obj(data, ((('extension', 'video'), None), {
+            'needs_premium': 'paid',
+            'needs_subscription': 'membershipOnly',
+        }), get_all=False, expected_type=bool), needs_auth=True)
+
+    def _extract_live_status(self, data):
+        data = traverse_obj(data, ('extension', 'video', {dict})) or {}
+        if data.get('type') == 'LIVE':
+            return traverse_obj({
+                'ONAIR': 'is_live',
+                'DONE': 'post_live',
+                'STANDBY': 'is_upcoming',
+                'DELAY': 'is_upcoming',
+            }, (data.get('status'), {str})) or 'is_live'
+        return 'was_live' if data.get('liveToVod') else 'not_live'
+
+
+class WeverseIE(WeverseBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?weverse\.io/(?P<artist>[^/?#]+)/live/(?P<id>[\d-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/live/0-107323480',
+        'md5': '1fa849f00181eef9100d3c8254c47979',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0-107323480',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '행복한 평이루💜',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': 'Billlie',
+            'uploader_id': '5ae14aed7b7cdc65fa87c41fe06cc936',
+            'channel': 'billlie',
+            'channel_id': '72',
+            'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie',
+            'creator': 'Billlie',
+            'timestamp': 1666262062,
+            'upload_date': '20221020',
+            'release_timestamp': 1666262058,
+            'release_date': '20221020',
+            'duration': 3102,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'availability': 'needs_auth',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim/live/2-102331763',
+        'md5': 'e46125c08b13a6c8c1f4565035cca987',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2-102331763',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '🎂김채원 생신🎂',
+            'description': '🎂김채원 생신🎂',
+            'uploader': 'LE SSERAFIM ',
+            'uploader_id': 'd26ddc1e258488a0a2b795218d14d59d',
+            'channel': 'lesserafim',
+            'channel_id': '47',
+            'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim',
+            'creator': 'LE SSERAFIM',
+            'timestamp': 1659353400,
+            'upload_date': '20220801',
+            'release_timestamp': 1659353400,
+            'release_date': '20220801',
+            'duration': 3006,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'availability': 'needs_auth',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'subtitles': {
+                'id_ID': 'count:2',
+                'en_US': 'count:2',
+                'es_ES': 'count:2',
+                'vi_VN': 'count:2',
+                'th_TH': 'count:2',
+                'zh_CN': 'count:2',
+                'zh_TW': 'count:2',
+                'ja_JP': 'count:2',
+                'ko_KR': 'count:2',
+            },
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/treasure/live/2-117230416',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2-117230416',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:스껄도려님 첫 스무살 생파🦋',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': 'TREASURE',
+            'uploader_id': '77eabbc449ca37f7970054a136f60082',
+            'channel': 'treasure',
+            'channel_id': '20',
+            'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/treasure',
+            'creator': 'TREASURE',
+            'timestamp': 1680667651,
+            'upload_date': '20230405',
+            'release_timestamp': 1680667639,
+            'release_date': '20230405',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'availability': 'needs_auth',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Livestream has ended',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        channel, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('artist', 'id')
+        post = self._call_post_api(video_id)
+        api_video_id = post['extension']['video']['videoId']
+        availability = self._extract_availability(post)
+        live_status = self._extract_live_status(post)
+        video_info, formats = {}, []
+
+        if live_status == 'is_upcoming':
+            self.raise_no_formats('Livestream has not yet started', expected=True)
+
+        elif live_status == 'is_live':
+            video_info = self._call_api(
+                f'/video/v1.0/lives/{api_video_id}/playInfo?preview.format=json&preview.version=v2',
+                video_id, note='Downloading live JSON')
+            playback = self._parse_json(video_info['lipPlayback'], video_id)
+            m3u8_url = traverse_obj(playback, (
+                'media', lambda _, v: v['protocol'] == 'HLS', 'path', {url_or_none}), get_all=False)
+            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=True)
+
+        elif live_status == 'post_live':
+            if availability in ('premium_only', 'subscriber_only'):
+                self.report_drm(video_id)
+            self.raise_no_formats(
+                'Livestream has ended and downloadable VOD is not available', expected=True)
+
+        else:
+            infra_video_id = post['extension']['video']['infraVideoId']
+            in_key = self._call_api(
+                f'/video/v1.0/vod/{api_video_id}/inKey?preview=false', video_id,
+                data=b'{}', note='Downloading VOD API key')['inKey']
+
+            video_info = self._download_json(
+                f'https://global.apis.naver.com/rmcnmv/rmcnmv/vod/play/v2.0/{infra_video_id}',
+                video_id, note='Downloading VOD JSON', query={
+                    'key': in_key,
+                    'sid': traverse_obj(post, ('extension', 'video', 'serviceId')) or '2070',
+                    'pid': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                    'nonce': int(time.time() * 1000),
+                    'devt': 'html5_pc',
+                    'prv': 'Y' if post.get('membershipOnly') else 'N',
+                    'aup': 'N',
+                    'stpb': 'N',
+                    'cpl': 'en',
+                    'env': 'prod',
+                    'lc': 'en',
+                    'adi': '[{"adSystem":"null"}]',
+                    'adu': '/',
+                })
+
+            formats = self._get_formats(video_info, video_id)
+            has_drm = traverse_obj(video_info, ('meta', 'provider', 'name', {str.lower})) == 'drm'
+            if has_drm and formats:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    'Requested content is DRM-protected, only a 30-second preview is available', video_id)
+            elif has_drm and not formats:
+                self.report_drm(video_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'channel': channel,
+            'channel_url': f'https://weverse.io/{channel}',
+            'formats': formats,
+            'availability': availability,
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            **self._parse_post_meta(post),
+            **NaverBaseIE.process_subtitles(video_info, self._get_subs),
+        }
+
+
+class WeverseMediaIE(WeverseBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?weverse\.io/(?P<artist>[^/?#]+)/media/(?P<id>[\d-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/media/4-116372884',
+        'md5': '8efc9cfd61b2f25209eb1a5326314d28',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e-C9wLSQs6o',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Billlie | \'EUNOIA\' Performance Video (heartbeat ver.)',
+            'description': 'md5:6181caaf2a2397bca913ffe368c104e5',
+            'channel': 'Billlie',
+            'channel_id': 'UCyc9sUCxELTDK9vELO5Fzeg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyc9sUCxELTDK9vELO5Fzeg',
+            'uploader': 'Billlie',
+            'uploader_id': '@Billlie',
+            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/@Billlie',
+            'upload_date': '20230403',
+            'duration': 211,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/e-C9wLSQs6o/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'tags': 'count:7',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/media/3-102914520',
+        'md5': '031551fcbd716bc4f080cb6174a43d8a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3-102914520',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'From. SUHYEON🌸',
+            'description': 'Billlie 멤버별 독점 영상 공개💙💜',
+            'uploader': 'Billlie_official',
+            'uploader_id': 'f569c6e92f7eaffef0a395037dcaa54f',
+            'channel': 'billlie',
+            'channel_id': '72',
+            'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie',
+            'creator': 'Billlie',
+            'timestamp': 1662174000,
+            'upload_date': '20220903',
+            'release_timestamp': 1662174000,
+            'release_date': '20220903',
+            'duration': 17.0,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'availability': 'needs_auth',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        channel, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('artist', 'id')
+        post = self._call_post_api(video_id)
+        media_type = traverse_obj(post, ('extension', 'mediaInfo', 'mediaType', {str.lower}))
+        youtube_id = traverse_obj(post, ('extension', 'youtube', 'youtubeVideoId', {str}))
+
+        if media_type == 'vod':
+            return self.url_result(f'https://weverse.io/{channel}/live/{video_id}', WeverseIE)
+        elif media_type == 'youtube' and youtube_id:
+            return self.url_result(youtube_id, YoutubeIE)
+        elif media_type == 'image':
+            self.raise_no_formats('No video content found in webpage', expected=True)
+        elif media_type:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unsupported media type "{media_type}"')
+
+        self.raise_no_formats('No video content found in webpage')
+
+
+class WeverseMomentIE(WeverseBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?weverse\.io/(?P<artist>[^/?#]+)/moment/(?P<uid>[\da-f]+)/post/(?P<id>[\d-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/secretnumber/moment/66a07e164b56a696ee71c99315ffe27b/post/1-117229444',
+        'md5': '87733ac19a54081b7dfc2442036d282b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1-117229444',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '今日もめっちゃいい天気☀️🌤️',
+            'uploader': '레아',
+            'uploader_id': '66a07e164b56a696ee71c99315ffe27b',
+            'channel': 'secretnumber',
+            'channel_id': '56',
+            'creator': 'SECRET NUMBER',
+            'duration': 10,
+            'upload_date': '20230405',
+            'timestamp': 1680653968,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'availability': 'needs_auth',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Moment has expired',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        channel, uploader_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('artist', 'uid', 'id')
+        post = self._call_post_api(video_id)
+        api_video_id = post['extension']['moment']['video']['videoId']
+        video_info = self._call_api(
+            f'/cvideo/v1.0/cvideo-{api_video_id}/playInfo?videoId={api_video_id}', video_id,
+            note='Downloading moment JSON')['playInfo']
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'channel': channel,
+            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
+            'formats': self._get_formats(video_info, video_id),
+            'availability': self._extract_availability(post),
+            **traverse_obj(post, {
+                'title': ((('extension', 'moment', 'body'), 'body'), {str}),
+                'uploader': ('author', 'profileName', {str}),
+                'creator': (('community', 'author'), 'communityName', {str}),
+                'channel_id': (('community', 'author'), 'communityId', {str_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('extension', 'moment', 'video', 'uploadInfo', 'playTime', {float_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('extension', 'moment', 'video', 'uploadInfo', 'imageUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('emotionCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
+            }, get_all=False),
+            **NaverBaseIE.process_subtitles(video_info, self._get_subs),
+        }
+
+
+class WeverseTabBaseIE(WeverseBaseIE):
+    _ENDPOINT = None
+    _PATH = None
+    _QUERY = {}
+    _RESULT_IE = None
+
+    def _entries(self, channel_id, channel, first_page):
+        query = self._QUERY.copy()
+
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            posts = first_page if page == 1 else self._call_api(
+                update_url_query(self._ENDPOINT % channel_id, query), channel,
+                note=f'Downloading {self._PATH} tab page {page}')
+
+            for post in traverse_obj(posts, ('data', lambda _, v: v['postId'])):
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    f'https://weverse.io/{channel}/{self._PATH}/{post["postId"]}',
+                    self._RESULT_IE, post['postId'], **self._parse_post_meta(post),
+                    channel=channel, channel_url=f'https://weverse.io/{channel}',
+                    availability=self._extract_availability(post),
+                    live_status=self._extract_live_status(post))
+
+            query['after'] = traverse_obj(posts, ('paging', 'nextParams', 'after', {str}))
+            if not query['after']:
+                break
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        channel = self._match_id(url)
+        channel_id = self._get_community_id(channel)
+
+        first_page = self._call_api(
+            update_url_query(self._ENDPOINT % channel_id, self._QUERY), channel,
+            note=f'Downloading {self._PATH} tab page 1')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(channel_id, channel, first_page), f'{channel}-{self._PATH}',
+            **traverse_obj(first_page, ('data', ..., {
+                'playlist_title': ('community', 'communityName', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('author', 'profileImageUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            }), get_all=False))
+
+
+class WeverseLiveTabIE(WeverseTabBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?weverse\.io/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/live/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/live/',
+        'playlist_mincount': 55,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'billlie-live',
+            'title': 'Billlie',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    _ENDPOINT = '/post/v1.0/community-%s/liveTabPosts'
+    _PATH = 'live'
+    _QUERY = {'fieldSet': 'postsV1'}
+    _RESULT_IE = WeverseIE
+
+
+class WeverseMediaTabIE(WeverseTabBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?weverse\.io/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/media(?:/|/all|/new)?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/media/',
+        'playlist_mincount': 231,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'billlie-media',
+            'title': 'Billlie',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim/media/all',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim/media/new',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    _ENDPOINT = '/media/v1.0/community-%s/more'
+    _PATH = 'media'
+    _QUERY = {'fieldSet': 'postsV1', 'filterType': 'RECENT'}
+    _RESULT_IE = WeverseMediaIE
+
+
+class WeverseLiveIE(WeverseBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?weverse\.io/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/purplekiss',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3-116560493',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:모하냥🫶🏻',
+            'description': '내일은 금요일~><',
+            'uploader': '채인',
+            'uploader_id': '1ffb1d9d904d6b3db2783f876eb9229d',
+            'channel': 'purplekiss',
+            'channel_id': '35',
+            'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/purplekiss',
+            'creator': 'PURPLE KISS',
+            'timestamp': 1680780892,
+            'upload_date': '20230406',
+            'release_timestamp': 1680780883,
+            'release_date': '20230406',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://weverse-live.pstatic.net/v1.0/live/62044/thumb',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'availability': 'needs_auth',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Livestream has ended',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        channel = self._match_id(url)
+        channel_id = self._get_community_id(channel)
+
+        video_id = traverse_obj(
+            self._call_api(update_url_query(f'/post/v1.0/community-{channel_id}/liveTab', {
+                'debugMessage': 'true',
+                'fields': 'onAirLivePosts.fieldSet(postsV1).limit(10),reservedLivePosts.fieldSet(postsV1).limit(10)',
+            }), channel, note='Downloading live JSON'), (
+                ('onAirLivePosts', 'reservedLivePosts'), 'data',
+                lambda _, v: self._extract_live_status(v) in ('is_live', 'is_upcoming'), 'postId', {str}),
+            get_all=False)
+
+        if not video_id:
+            raise UserNotLive(video_id=channel)
+
+        return self.url_result(f'https://weverse.io/{channel}/live/{video_id}', WeverseIE)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3b6d03238
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
@@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import clean_html, float_or_none, get_element_by_class, js_to_json, traverse_obj
+
+
+class WeVidiIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wevidi\.net/watch/(?P<id>[\w-]{11})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://wevidi.net/watch/2th7UO5F4KV',
+        'md5': 'b913d1ff5bbad499e2c7ef4aa6d829d7',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2th7UO5F4KV',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'YouTube Alternative: WeVidi - customizable channels & more',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'md5:73a27d0a87d49fbcc5584566326ebeed',
+            'uploader': 'eclecRC',
+            'duration': 932.098,
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://wevidi.net/watch/ievRuuQHbPS',
+        'md5': 'ce8a94989a959bff9003fa27ee572935',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ievRuuQHbPS',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'WeVidi Playlists',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'md5:32cdfca272687390d9bd9b0c9c6153ee',
+            'uploader': 'WeVidi',
+            'duration': 36.1999,
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://wevidi.net/watch/PcMzDWaQSWb',
+        'md5': '55ee0d3434be5d9e5cc76b83f2bb57ec',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'PcMzDWaQSWb',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Cat blep',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'md5:e2c9e2b54b8bb424cc64937c8fdc068f',
+            'uploader': 'WeVidi',
+            'duration': 41.972,
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://wevidi.net/watch/wJnRqDHNe_u',
+        'md5': 'c8f263dd47e66cc17546b3abf47b5a77',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'wJnRqDHNe_u',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Gissy Talks: YouTube Alternatives',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'md5:e65036f0d4af80e0af191bd11af5195e',
+            'uploader': 'GissyEva',
+            'duration': 630.451,
+        }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://wevidi.net/watch/4m1c4yJR_yc',
+        'md5': 'c63ce5ca6990dce86855fc02ca5bc1ed',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4m1c4yJR_yc',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Enough of that! - Awesome Exilez Podcast',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'description': 'md5:96af99dd63468b2dfab3020560e3e9b2',
+            'uploader': 'eclecRC',
+            'duration': 6.804,
+        }
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_formats(self, wvplayer_props):
+        # Taken from WeVidi player JS: https://wevidi.net/layouts/default/static/player.min.js
+        resolution_map = {
+            1: 144,
+            2: 240,
+            3: 360,
+            4: 480,
+            5: 720,
+            6: 1080
+        }
+
+        src_path = f'{wvplayer_props["srcVID"]}/{wvplayer_props["srcUID"]}/{wvplayer_props["srcNAME"]}'
+        for res in traverse_obj(wvplayer_props, ('resolutions', ..., {int}, {lambda x: x or None})):
+            format_id = str(-(res // -2) - 1)
+            yield {
+                'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'format_id': format_id,
+                'height': resolution_map.get(res),
+                'url': f'https://www.wevidi.net/videoplayback/{src_path}/{format_id}',
+                'vcodec': 'avc1.42E01E',
+            }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        wvplayer_props = self._search_json(
+            r'WVPlayer\(', webpage, 'player', video_id,
+            transform_source=lambda x: js_to_json(x.replace('||', '}')))
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': clean_html(get_element_by_class('video_title', webpage)),
+            'description': clean_html(get_element_by_class('descr_long', webpage)),
+            'uploader': clean_html(get_element_by_class('username', webpage)),
+            'formats': list(self._extract_formats(wvplayer_props)),
+            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
+            'duration': float_or_none(wvplayer_props.get('duration')),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/weyyak.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/weyyak.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ef12be871
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weyyak.py
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_age_limit,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class WeyyakIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://weyyak\.com/(?P<lang>\w+)/(?:player/)?(?P<type>episode|movie)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://weyyak.com/en/player/episode/1341952/Ribat-Al-Hob-Episode49',
+            'md5': '0caf55c1a615531c8fe60f146ae46849',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1341952',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Ribat Al Hob',
+                'duration': 2771,
+                'alt_title': 'رباط الحب',
+                'season': 'Season 1',
+                'season_number': 1,
+                'episode': 'Episode 49',
+                'episode_number': 49,
+                'timestamp': 1485907200,
+                'upload_date': '20170201',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https://content\.weyyak\.com/.+/poster-image',
+                'categories': ['Drama', 'Thrillers', 'Romance'],
+                'tags': 'count:8',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://weyyak.com/en/movie/233255/8-Seconds',
+            'md5': 'fe740ae0f63e4d1c8a7fc147a410c564',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '233255',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '8 Seconds',
+                'duration': 6490,
+                'alt_title': '8 ثواني',
+                'description': 'md5:45b83a155c30b49950624c7e99600b9d',
+                'age_limit': 15,
+                'release_year': 2015,
+                'timestamp': 1683106031,
+                'upload_date': '20230503',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https://content\.weyyak\.com/.+/poster-image',
+                'categories': ['Drama', 'Social'],
+                'cast': ['Ceylin Adiyaman', 'Esra Inal'],
+            },
+        },
+    ]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, lang, type_ = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'lang', 'type')
+
+        path = 'episode/' if type_ == 'episode' else 'contents/moviedetails?contentkey='
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://msapifo-prod-me.weyyak.z5.com/v1/{lang}/{path}{video_id}', video_id)['data']
+        m3u8_url = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api-weyyak.akamaized.net/get_info/{data["video_id"]}',
+            video_id, 'Extracting video details')['url_video']
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'alt_title': ('translated_title', {str}),
+                'description': ('synopsis', {str}),
+                'duration': ('length', {float_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('age_rating', {parse_age_limit}),
+                'season_number': ('season_number', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode_number', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('imagery', 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+                'categories': ('genres', ..., {str}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+                'cast': (('main_actor', 'main_actress'), {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('insertedAt', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'release_year': ('production_year', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/whyp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/whyp.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fef89c351
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/whyp.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    float_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class WhypIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?whyp\.it/tracks/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.whyp.it/tracks/18337/home-page-example-track-b4kq7',
+        'md5': 'c1187b42ebf8605284e3dc92aeb33d16',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'url': 'https://cdn.whyp.it/50eb17cc-e9ff-4e18-b89b-dc9206a95cb1.mp3',
+            'id': '18337',
+            'title': 'Home Page Example Track',
+            'description': 'md5:bd758000fb93f3159339c852b5b9133c',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'duration': 52.82,
+            'uploader': 'Brad',
+            'uploader_id': '1',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.whyp.it/a537bb36-3373-4c61-96c8-27fc1b2f427a.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.whyp.it/tracks/18337',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        unique_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, unique_id)
+        data = self._search_nuxt_data(webpage, unique_id)['rawTrack']
+
+        return {
+            'url': data['audio_url'],
+            'id': unique_id,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('user', 'username'),
+                'uploader_id': ('user', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('artwork_url', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'http_headers': {'Referer': 'https://whyp.it/'},
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wimbledon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wimbledon.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0223e54f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wimbledon.py
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    parse_duration,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
+
+
+class WimbledonIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wimbledon\.com/\w+/video/media/(?P<id>\d+)\.html'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/video/media/6330247525112.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6330247525112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'timestamp': 1687972186,
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://[\w.-]+\.prod\.boltdns\.net/[^?#]+/image\.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20230628',
+            'title': 'Coco Gauff | My Wimbledon Inspiration',
+            'tags': ['features', 'trending', 'homepage'],
+            'uploader_id': '3506358525001',
+            'duration': 163072.0,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.wimbledon.com/en_GB/video/media/6308703111112.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6308703111112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://[\w.-]+\.prod\.boltdns\.net/[^?#]+/image\.jpg',
+            'description': 'null',
+            'upload_date': '20220629',
+            'uploader_id': '3506358525001',
+            'title': 'Roblox | WimbleWorld ',
+            'duration': 101440.0,
+            'tags': ['features', 'kids'],
+            'timestamp': 1656500867,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.wimbledon.com/en_US/video/media/6309327106112.html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.wimbledon.com/es_Es/video/media/6308377909112.html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        metadata = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.wimbledon.com/relatedcontent/rest/v2/wim_v1/en/content/wim_v1_{video_id}_en', video_id)
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'url': f'http://players.brightcove.net/3506358525001/default_default/index.html?videoId={video_id}',
+            'ie_key': 'BrightcoveNew',
+            'id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'description': 'description',
+                'duration': ('metadata', 'duration', {parse_duration}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wimtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wimtv.py
index 571112390..f9bf092df 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wimtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wimtv.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class WimTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     _player = None
     _UUID_RE = r'[\da-f]{8}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{12}'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x:
-        https?://platform.wim.tv/
+        https?://platform\.wim\.tv/
         (?:
             (?:embed/)?\?
             |\#/webtv/.+?/
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
index 884fa4b5f..bce5e8326 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import re
-import urllib.error
 import urllib.parse
 from base64 import b64decode
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    HEADRequest,
     determine_ext,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
@@ -365,7 +365,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         try:
             data = self._download_embed_config('channel', channel_id, url)
-        except (ExtractorError, urllib.error.HTTPError):
+        except (ExtractorError, HTTPError):
             # Some channels give a 403 from the JSON API
             self.report_warning('Failed to download channel data from API, falling back to webpage.')
             webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://fast.wistia.net/embed/channel/{channel_id}', channel_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wrestleuniverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wrestleuniverse.py
index 5c6dec2c4..145246a14 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wrestleuniverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wrestleuniverse.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 import binascii
 import json
 import time
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..dependencies import Cryptodome
@@ -12,40 +13,111 @@
     traverse_obj,
     try_call,
     url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
+    variadic,
 )
 
 
 class WrestleUniverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'wrestleuniverse'
     _VALID_URL_TMPL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wrestle-universe\.com/(?:(?P<lang>\w{2})/)?%s/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _API_HOST = 'api.wrestle-universe.com'
     _API_PATH = None
-    _TOKEN = None
+    _REAL_TOKEN = None
     _TOKEN_EXPIRY = None
+    _REFRESH_TOKEN = None
+    _DEVICE_ID = None
+    _LOGIN_QUERY = {'key': 'AIzaSyCaRPBsDQYVDUWWBXjsTrHESi2r_F3RAdA'}
+    _LOGIN_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': '*/*',
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        'X-Client-Version': 'Chrome/JsCore/9.9.4/FirebaseCore-web',
+        'X-Firebase-gmpid': '1:307308870738:web:820f38fe5150c8976e338b',
+        'Referer': 'https://www.wrestle-universe.com/',
+        'Origin': 'https://www.wrestle-universe.com',
+    }
 
-    def _get_token_cookie(self):
-        if not self._TOKEN or not self._TOKEN_EXPIRY:
-            self._TOKEN = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.wrestle-universe.com/')['token'].value)
-            if not self._TOKEN:
+    @property
+    def _TOKEN(self):
+        if not self._REAL_TOKEN or not self._TOKEN_EXPIRY:
+            token = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.wrestle-universe.com/')['token'].value)
+            if not token and not self._REFRESH_TOKEN:
                 self.raise_login_required()
-            expiry = traverse_obj(jwt_decode_hs256(self._TOKEN), ('exp', {int_or_none}))
-            if not expiry:
-                raise ExtractorError('There was a problem with the token cookie')
-            self._TOKEN_EXPIRY = expiry
+            self._TOKEN = token
 
-        if self._TOKEN_EXPIRY <= int(time.time()):
+        if not self._REAL_TOKEN or self._TOKEN_EXPIRY <= int(time.time()):
+            if not self._REFRESH_TOKEN:
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    'Expired token. Refresh your cookies in browser and try again', expected=True)
+            self._refresh_token()
+
+        return self._REAL_TOKEN
+
+    @_TOKEN.setter
+    def _TOKEN(self, value):
+        self._REAL_TOKEN = value
+
+        expiry = traverse_obj(value, ({jwt_decode_hs256}, 'exp', {int_or_none}))
+        if not expiry:
+            raise ExtractorError('There was a problem with the auth token')
+        self._TOKEN_EXPIRY = expiry
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        login = self._download_json(
+            'https://identitytoolkit.googleapis.com/v1/accounts:signInWithPassword', None,
+            'Logging in', query=self._LOGIN_QUERY, headers=self._LOGIN_HEADERS, data=json.dumps({
+                'returnSecureToken': True,
+                'email': username,
+                'password': password,
+            }, separators=(',', ':')).encode(), expected_status=400)
+        token = traverse_obj(login, ('idToken', {str}))
+        if not token:
             raise ExtractorError(
-                'Expired token. Refresh your cookies in browser and try again', expected=True)
+                f'Unable to log in: {traverse_obj(login, ("error", "message"))}', expected=True)
+        self._REFRESH_TOKEN = traverse_obj(login, ('refreshToken', {str}))
+        if not self._REFRESH_TOKEN:
+            self.report_warning('No refresh token was granted')
+        self._TOKEN = token
 
-        return self._TOKEN
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if self._DEVICE_ID:
+            return
+
+        self._DEVICE_ID = self._configuration_arg('device_id', [None], ie_key=self._NETRC_MACHINE)[0]
+        if not self._DEVICE_ID:
+            self._DEVICE_ID = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'device_id')
+            if self._DEVICE_ID:
+                return
+            self._DEVICE_ID = str(uuid.uuid4())
+
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'device_id', self._DEVICE_ID)
+
+    def _refresh_token(self):
+        refresh = self._download_json(
+            'https://securetoken.googleapis.com/v1/token', None, 'Refreshing token',
+            query=self._LOGIN_QUERY, data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
+                'refresh_token': self._REFRESH_TOKEN,
+            }), headers={
+                **self._LOGIN_HEADERS,
+                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+            })
+        if traverse_obj(refresh, ('refresh_token', {str})):
+            self._REFRESH_TOKEN = refresh['refresh_token']
+        token = traverse_obj(refresh, 'access_token', 'id_token', expected_type=str)
+        if not token:
+            raise ExtractorError('No auth token returned from refresh request')
+        self._TOKEN = token
 
     def _call_api(self, video_id, param='', msg='API', auth=True, data=None, query={}, fatal=True):
         headers = {'CA-CID': ''}
         if data:
             headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json;charset=utf-8'
             data = json.dumps(data, separators=(',', ':')).encode()
-        if auth:
-            headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {self._get_token_cookie()}'
+        if auth and self._TOKEN:
+            headers['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}'
         return self._download_json(
-            f'https://api.wrestle-universe.com/v1/{self._API_PATH}/{video_id}{param}', video_id,
+            f'https://{self._API_HOST}/v1/{self._API_PATH}/{video_id}{param}', video_id,
             note=f'Downloading {msg} JSON', errnote=f'Failed to download {msg} JSON',
             data=data, headers=headers, query=query, fatal=fatal)
 
@@ -65,18 +137,19 @@ def decrypt(data):
 
         token = base64.b64encode(private_key.public_key().export_key('DER')).decode()
         api_json = self._call_api(video_id, param, msg, data={
-            # 'deviceId' (random uuid4 generated at login) is not required yet
+            'deviceId': self._DEVICE_ID,
             'token': token,
             **data,
         }, query=query, fatal=fatal)
         return api_json, decrypt
 
-    def _download_metadata(self, url, video_id, lang, props_key):
+    def _download_metadata(self, url, video_id, lang, props_keys):
         metadata = self._call_api(video_id, msg='metadata', query={'al': lang or 'ja'}, auth=False, fatal=False)
         if not metadata:
             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
             nextjs_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)
-            metadata = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, ('props', 'pageProps', props_key, {dict})) or {}
+            metadata = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (
+                'props', 'pageProps', *variadic(props_keys, (str, bytes, dict, set)), {dict})) or {}
         return metadata
 
     def _get_formats(self, data, path, video_id=None):
@@ -105,7 +178,7 @@ class WrestleUniverseVODIE(WrestleUniverseBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20230129',
             'thumbnail': 'https://image.asset.wrestle-universe.com/8FjD67P8rZc446RBQs5RBN/8FjD67P8rZc446RBQs5RBN',
             'chapters': 'count:7',
-            'cast': 'count:18',
+            'cast': 'count:21',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
@@ -117,10 +190,7 @@ class WrestleUniverseVODIE(WrestleUniverseBaseIE):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         lang, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
         metadata = self._download_metadata(url, video_id, lang, 'videoEpisodeFallbackData')
-        video_data = self._call_api(video_id, ':watch', 'watch', data={
-            # 'deviceId' is required if ignoreDeviceRestriction is False
-            'ignoreDeviceRestriction': True,
-        })
+        video_data = self._call_api(video_id, ':watch', 'watch', data={'deviceId': self._DEVICE_ID})
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
@@ -169,6 +239,7 @@ class WrestleUniversePPVIE(WrestleUniverseBaseIE):
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
         },
+        'skip': 'No longer available',
     }, {
         'note': 'unencrypted HLS',
         'url': 'https://www.wrestle-universe.com/en/lives/wUG8hP5iApC63jbtQzhVVx',
@@ -196,14 +267,17 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         lang, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
         metadata = self._download_metadata(url, video_id, lang, 'eventFallbackData')
 
-        info = traverse_obj(metadata, {
-            'title': ('displayName', {str}),
-            'description': ('description', {str}),
-            'channel': ('labels', 'group', {str}),
-            'location': ('labels', 'venue', {str}),
-            'timestamp': ('startTime', {int_or_none}),
-            'thumbnails': (('keyVisualUrl', 'alterKeyVisualUrl', 'heroKeyVisualUrl'), {'url': {url_or_none}}),
-        })
+        info = {
+            'id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': ('displayName', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'channel': ('labels', 'group', {str}),
+                'location': ('labels', 'venue', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('startTime', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnails': (('keyVisualUrl', 'alterKeyVisualUrl', 'heroKeyVisualUrl'), {'url': {url_or_none}}),
+            }),
+        }
 
         ended_time = traverse_obj(metadata, ('endedTime', {int_or_none}))
         if info.get('timestamp') and ended_time:
@@ -211,23 +285,20 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         video_data, decrypt = self._call_encrypted_api(
             video_id, ':watchArchive', 'watch archive', data={'method': 1})
-        formats = self._get_formats(video_data, (
+        info['formats'] = self._get_formats(video_data, (
             ('hls', None), ('urls', 'chromecastUrls'), ..., {url_or_none}), video_id)
-        for f in formats:
+        for f in info['formats']:
             # bitrates are exaggerated in PPV playlists, so avoid wrong/huge filesize_approx values
             if f.get('tbr'):
                 f['tbr'] = int(f['tbr'] / 2.5)
 
         hls_aes_key = traverse_obj(video_data, ('hls', 'key', {decrypt}))
-        if not hls_aes_key and traverse_obj(video_data, ('hls', 'encryptType', {int}), default=0) > 0:
-            self.report_warning('HLS AES-128 key was not found in API response')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'hls_aes': {
+        if hls_aes_key:
+            info['hls_aes'] = {
                 'key': hls_aes_key,
                 'iv': traverse_obj(video_data, ('hls', 'iv', {decrypt})),
-            },
-            **info,
-        }
+            }
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('hls', 'encryptType', {int})):
+            self.report_warning('HLS AES-128 key was not found in API response')
+
+        return info
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wykop.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wykop.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1d29cc89b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wykop.py
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    format_field,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class WykopBaseExtractor(InfoExtractor):
+    def _get_token(self, force_refresh=False):
+        if not force_refresh:
+            maybe_cached = self.cache.load('wykop', 'bearer')
+            if maybe_cached:
+                return maybe_cached
+
+        new_token = traverse_obj(
+            self._do_call_api('auth', None, 'Downloading anonymous auth token', data={
+                # hardcoded in frontend
+                'key': 'w53947240748',
+                'secret': 'd537d9e0a7adc1510842059ae5316419',
+            }), ('data', 'token'))
+
+        self.cache.store('wykop', 'bearer', new_token)
+        return new_token
+
+    def _do_call_api(self, path, video_id, note='Downloading JSON metadata', data=None, headers={}):
+        if data:
+            data = json.dumps({'data': data}).encode()
+            headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
+
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://wykop.pl/api/v3/{path}', video_id,
+            note=note, data=data, headers=headers)
+
+    def _call_api(self, path, video_id, note='Downloading JSON metadata'):
+        token = self._get_token()
+        for retrying in range(2):
+            try:
+                return self._do_call_api(path, video_id, note, headers={'Authorization': f'Bearer {token}'})
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if not retrying and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
+                    token = self._get_token(True)
+                    continue
+                raise
+
+    def _common_data_extract(self, data):
+        author = traverse_obj(data, ('author', 'username'), expected_type=str)
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'display_id': data.get('slug'),
+            'url': traverse_obj(data,
+                                ('media', 'embed', 'url'),  # what gets an iframe embed
+                                ('source', 'url'),  # clickable url (dig only)
+                                expected_type=url_or_none),
+            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(
+                data, ('media', 'photo', 'url'), ('media', 'embed', 'thumbnail'), expected_type=url_or_none),
+            'uploader': author,
+            'uploader_id': author,
+            'uploader_url': format_field(author, None, 'https://wykop.pl/ludzie/%s'),
+            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(data.get('created_at'), delimiter=' '),  # time it got submitted
+            'like_count': traverse_obj(data, ('votes', 'up'), expected_type=int),
+            'dislike_count': traverse_obj(data, ('votes', 'down'), expected_type=int),
+            'comment_count': traverse_obj(data, ('comments', 'count'), expected_type=int),
+            'age_limit': 18 if data.get('adult') else 0,
+            'tags': data.get('tags'),
+        }
+
+
+class WykopDigIE(WykopBaseExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'wykop:dig'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wykop\.pl/link/(?P<id>\d+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://wykop.pl/link/6912923/najbardziej-zrzedliwy-kot-na-swiecie-i-frozen-planet-ii-i-bbc-earth',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'rlSTBvViflc',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Najbardziej zrzędliwy kot na świecie I Frozen Planet II I BBC Earth',
+            'display_id': 'najbardziej-zrzedliwy-kot-na-swiecie-i-frozen-planet-ii-i-bbc-earth',
+            'description': 'md5:ac0f87dea1cdcb6b0c53f3612a095c87',
+            'tags': ['zwierzaczki', 'koty', 'smiesznykotek', 'humor', 'rozrywka', 'ciekawostki'],
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'timestamp': 1669154480,
+            'release_timestamp': 1669194241,
+            'release_date': '20221123',
+            'uploader': 'starnak',
+            'uploader_id': 'starnak',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://wykop.pl/ludzie/starnak',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://wykop\.pl/cdn/.+',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel': 'BBC Earth',
+            'channel_id': 'UCwmZiChSryoWQCZMIQezgTg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwmZiChSryoWQCZMIQezgTg',
+            'categories': ['Pets & Animals'],
+            'upload_date': '20220923',
+            'duration': 191,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        return cls._match_valid_url(url) and not WykopDigCommentIE.suitable(url)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data = self._call_api(f'links/{video_id}', video_id)['data']
+
+        return {
+            **self._common_data_extract(data),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': data['title'],
+            'description': data.get('description'),
+            # time it got "digged" to the homepage
+            'release_timestamp': parse_iso8601(data.get('published_at'), delimiter=' '),
+        }
+
+
+class WykopDigCommentIE(WykopBaseExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'wykop:dig:comment'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wykop\.pl/link/(?P<dig_id>\d+)/[^/]+/komentarz/(?P<id>\d+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://wykop.pl/link/6992589/strollowal-oszusta-przez-ponad-24-minuty-udawal-naiwniaka-i-nagral-rozmowe/komentarz/114540527/podobna-sytuacja-ponizej-ciekawa-dyskusja-z-oszustem-na-sam-koniec-sam-bylem-w-biurze-swiadkiem-podobnej-rozmowy-niemal-zakonczonej-sukcesem-bandyty-g',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'u6tEi2FmKZY',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:e7c741c5baa7ed6478000caf72865577',
+            'display_id': 'md5:45b2d12bd0e262d09cc7cf7abc8412db',
+            'description': 'md5:bcec7983429f9c0630f9deb9d3d1ba5e',
+            'timestamp': 1674476945,
+            'uploader': 'Bartholomew',
+            'uploader_id': 'Bartholomew',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://wykop.pl/ludzie/Bartholomew',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://wykop\.pl/cdn/.+',
+            'tags': [],
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'duration': 1838,
+            'upload_date': '20230117',
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'chapters': 'count:3',
+            'channel': 'Poszukiwacze Okazji',
+            'channel_id': 'UCzzvJDZThwv06dR4xmzrZBw',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzzvJDZThwv06dR4xmzrZBw',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        dig_id, comment_id = self._search_regex(self._VALID_URL, url, 'dig and comment ids', group=('dig_id', 'id'))
+        data = self._call_api(f'links/{dig_id}/comments/{comment_id}', comment_id)['data']
+
+        return {
+            **self._common_data_extract(data),
+            'id': comment_id,
+            'title': f"{traverse_obj(data, ('author', 'username'))} - {data.get('content') or ''}",
+            'description': data.get('content'),
+        }
+
+
+class WykopPostIE(WykopBaseExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'wykop:post'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wykop\.pl/wpis/(?P<id>\d+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://wykop.pl/wpis/68893343/kot-koty-smiesznykotek',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'PL8JMjiUPHUhwc9ZlKa_5IFeBwBV8Xe7jI',
+            'title': 'PawelW124 - #kot #koty #smiesznykotek',
+            'description': '#kot #koty #smiesznykotek',
+            'display_id': 'kot-koty-smiesznykotek',
+            'tags': ['kot', 'koty', 'smiesznykotek'],
+            'uploader': 'PawelW124',
+            'uploader_id': 'PawelW124',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://wykop.pl/ludzie/PawelW124',
+            'timestamp': 1668938142,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://wykop\.pl/cdn/.+',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel': 'Revan',
+            'channel_id': 'UCW9T_-uZoiI7ROARQdTDyOw',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCW9T_-uZoiI7ROARQdTDyOw',
+            'upload_date': '20221120',
+            'modified_date': '20220814',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'view_count': int,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 15,
+        'params': {
+            'flat_playlist': True,
+        }
+    }]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        return cls._match_valid_url(url) and not WykopPostCommentIE.suitable(url)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data = self._call_api(f'entries/{video_id}', video_id)['data']
+
+        return {
+            **self._common_data_extract(data),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': f"{traverse_obj(data, ('author', 'username'))} - {data.get('content') or ''}",
+            'description': data.get('content'),
+        }
+
+
+class WykopPostCommentIE(WykopBaseExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'wykop:post:comment'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wykop\.pl/wpis/(?P<post_id>\d+)/[^/#]+#(?P<id>\d+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://wykop.pl/wpis/70084873/test-test-test#249303979',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'confusedquickarmyant',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'tpap - treść komentarza',
+            'display_id': 'tresc-komentarza',
+            'description': 'treść komentarza',
+            'uploader': 'tpap',
+            'uploader_id': 'tpap',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://wykop.pl/ludzie/tpap',
+            'timestamp': 1675349470,
+            'upload_date': '20230202',
+            'tags': [],
+            'duration': 2.12,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'categories': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://wykop\.pl/cdn/.+',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        post_id, comment_id = self._search_regex(self._VALID_URL, url, 'post and comment ids', group=('post_id', 'id'))
+        data = self._call_api(f'entries/{post_id}/comments/{comment_id}', comment_id)['data']
+
+        return {
+            **self._common_data_extract(data),
+            'id': comment_id,
+            'title': f"{traverse_obj(data, ('author', 'username'))} - {data.get('content') or ''}",
+            'description': data.get('content'),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/xhamster.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/xhamster.py
index 7af6c8f03..01ac5ddb6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/xhamster.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/xhamster.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ class XHamsterIE(InfoExtractor):
     _DOMAINS = r'(?:xhamster\.(?:com|one|desi)|xhms\.pro|xhamster\d+\.com|xhday\.com|xhvid\.com)'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     https?://
-                        (?:.+?\.)?%s/
+                        (?:[^/?#]+\.)?%s/
                         (?:
                             movies/(?P<id>[\dA-Za-z]+)/(?P<display_id>[^/]*)\.html|
                             videos/(?P<display_id_2>[^/]*)-(?P<id_2>[\dA-Za-z]+)
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ def get_height(s):
                         'height': get_height(quality),
                         'filesize': format_sizes.get(quality),
                         'http_headers': {
-                            'Referer': urlh.geturl(),
+                            'Referer': urlh.url,
                         },
                     })
             xplayer_sources = try_get(
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ def get_height(s):
 
 
 class XHamsterEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:.+?\.)?%s/xembed\.php\?video=(?P<id>\d+)' % XHamsterIE._DOMAINS
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?%s/xembed\.php\?video=(?P<id>\d+)' % XHamsterIE._DOMAINS
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+?src=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?xhamster\.com/xembed\.php\?video=\d+)\1']
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'http://xhamster.com/xembed.php?video=3328539',
@@ -407,7 +407,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class XHamsterUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:.+?\.)?%s/users/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)' % XHamsterIE._DOMAINS
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?{XHamsterIE._DOMAINS}/(?:(?P<user>users)|creators)/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         # Paginated user profile
         'url': 'https://xhamster.com/users/netvideogirls/videos',
@@ -422,6 +422,12 @@ class XHamsterUserIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'firatkaan',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 1,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://xhamster.com/creators/squirt-orgasm-69',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'squirt-orgasm-69',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 150,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://xhday.com/users/mobhunter',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -430,8 +436,9 @@ class XHamsterUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    def _entries(self, user_id):
-        next_page_url = 'https://xhamster.com/users/%s/videos/1' % user_id
+    def _entries(self, user_id, is_user):
+        prefix, suffix = ('users', 'videos') if is_user else ('creators', 'exclusive')
+        next_page_url = f'https://xhamster.com/{prefix}/{user_id}/{suffix}/1'
         for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
             page = self._download_webpage(
                 next_page_url, user_id, 'Downloading page %s' % pagenum)
@@ -454,5 +461,5 @@ def _entries(self, user_id):
                 break
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(user_id), user_id)
+        user, user_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user', 'id')
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(user_id, bool(user)), user_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py
index ff18ba697..3d5e6cf90 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def _fetch_page(self, playlist_id, page_idx):
         return self._download_json(
             'https://www.ximalaya.com/revision/album/v1/getTracksList',
             playlist_id, note=f'Downloading tracks list page {page_idx}',
-            query={'albumId': playlist_id, 'pageNum': page_idx, 'sort': 1})['data']
+            query={'albumId': playlist_id, 'pageNum': page_idx})['data']
 
     def _get_entries(self, page_data):
         for e in page_data['tracks']:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/xtube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/xtube.py
index ce4480c7d..db8292589 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/xtube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/xtube.py
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import Request
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
     orderedSet,
     parse_duration,
-    sanitized_Request,
     str_to_int,
     url_or_none,
 )
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         entries = []
         for pagenum in itertools.count(1):
-            request = sanitized_Request(
+            request = Request(
                 'http://www.xtube.com/profile/%s/videos/%d' % (user_id, pagenum),
                 headers={
                     'Cookie': 'popunder=4',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/yahoo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/yahoo.py
index a69715b7c..24148a0bd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/yahoo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/yahoo.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import itertools
 import urllib.parse
 
-from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..utils import (
@@ -11,7 +10,6 @@
     int_or_none,
     mimetype2ext,
     parse_iso8601,
-    smuggle_url,
     traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     url_or_none,
@@ -337,121 +335,6 @@ def _search_results(self, query):
                 break
 
 
-class YahooGyaOPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'yahoo:gyao:player'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:gyao\.yahoo\.co\.jp/(?:player|episode(?:/[^/]+)?)|streaming\.yahoo\.co\.jp/c/y)/(?P<id>\d+/v\d+/v\d+|[\da-f]{8}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{12})'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/player/00998/v00818/v0000000000000008564/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '5993125228001',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'フューリー　【字幕版】',
-            'description': 'md5:21e691c798a15330eda4db17a8fe45a5',
-            'uploader_id': '4235717419001',
-            'upload_date': '20190124',
-            'timestamp': 1548294365,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://streaming.yahoo.co.jp/c/y/01034/v00133/v0000000000000000706/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/episode/%E3%81%8D%E3%81%AE%E3%81%86%E4%BD%95%E9%A3%9F%E3%81%B9%E3%81%9F%EF%BC%9F%20%E7%AC%AC2%E8%A9%B1%202019%2F4%2F12%E6%94%BE%E9%80%81%E5%88%86/5cb02352-b725-409e-9f8d-88f947a9f682',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/episode/5fa1226c-ef8d-4e93-af7a-fd92f4e30597',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    _GEO_BYPASS = False
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url).replace('/', ':')
-        headers = self.geo_verification_headers()
-        headers['Accept'] = 'application/json'
-        resp = self._download_json(
-            'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/apis/playback/graphql', video_id, query={
-                'appId': 'dj00aiZpPUNJeDh2cU1RazU3UCZzPWNvbnN1bWVyc2VjcmV0Jng9NTk-',
-                'query': '''{
-  content(parameter: {contentId: "%s", logicaAgent: PC_WEB}) {
-    video {
-      delivery {
-        id
-      }
-      title
-    }
-  }
-}''' % video_id,
-            }, headers=headers)
-        content = resp['data']['content']
-        if not content:
-            msg = resp['errors'][0]['message']
-            if msg == 'not in japan':
-                self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['JP'])
-            raise ExtractorError(msg)
-        video = content['video']
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': video['title'],
-            'url': smuggle_url(
-                'http://players.brightcove.net/4235717419001/SyG5P0gjb_default/index.html?videoId=' + video['delivery']['id'],
-                {'geo_countries': ['JP']}),
-            'ie_key': BrightcoveNewIE.ie_key(),
-        }
-
-
-class YahooGyaOIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'yahoo:gyao'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:gyao\.yahoo\.co\.jp/(?:p|title(?:/[^/]+)?)|streaming\.yahoo\.co\.jp/p/y)/(?P<id>\d+/v\d+|[\da-f]{8}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{12})'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/title/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%83%9C%E3%82%AB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%20%E3%83%A4%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3/5f60ceb3-6e5e-40ef-ba40-d68b598d067f',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '5f60ceb3-6e5e-40ef-ba40-d68b598d067f',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 80,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/p/00449/v03102/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://streaming.yahoo.co.jp/p/y/01034/v00133/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/title/%E3%81%97%E3%82%83%E3%81%B9%E3%81%8F%E3%82%8A007/5b025a49-b2e5-4dc7-945c-09c6634afacf',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/title/5b025a49-b2e5-4dc7-945c-09c6634afacf',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _entries(self, program_id):
-        page = 1
-        while True:
-            playlist = self._download_json(
-                f'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/api/programs/{program_id}/videos?page={page}&serviceId=gy', program_id,
-                note=f'Downloading JSON metadata page {page}')
-            if not playlist:
-                break
-            for video in playlist['videos']:
-                video_id = video.get('id')
-                if not video_id:
-                    continue
-                if video.get('streamingAvailability') == 'notYet':
-                    continue
-                yield self.url_result(
-                    'https://gyao.yahoo.co.jp/player/%s/' % video_id.replace(':', '/'),
-                    YahooGyaOPlayerIE.ie_key(), video_id)
-            if playlist.get('ended'):
-                break
-            page += 1
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        program_id = self._match_id(url).replace('/', ':')
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(program_id), program_id)
-
-
 class YahooJapanNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'yahoo:japannews'
     IE_DESC = 'Yahoo! Japan News'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/yappy.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/yappy.py
index f168bdbf9..7b3d0cb81 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/yappy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/yappy.py
@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    OnDemandPagedList,
     int_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     unified_timestamp,
-    url_or_none
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
@@ -97,3 +98,30 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'categories': traverse_obj(media_data, ('categories', ..., 'name')) or None,
             'repost_count': int_or_none(media_data.get('sharingCount'))
         }
+
+
+class YappyProfileIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://yappy\.media/profile/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://yappy.media/profile/59a0c8c485e5410b9c43474bf4c6a373',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '59a0c8c485e5410b9c43474bf4c6a373',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 527,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        profile_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        def fetch_page(page_num):
+            page_num += 1
+            videos = self._download_json(
+                f'https://yappy.media/api/video/list/{profile_id}?page={page_num}',
+                profile_id, f'Downloading profile page {page_num} JSON')
+
+            for video in traverse_obj(videos, ('results', lambda _, v: v['uuid'])):
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    f'https://yappy.media/video/{video["uuid"]}', YappyIE,
+                    video['uuid'], video.get('description'))
+
+        return self.playlist_result(OnDemandPagedList(fetch_page, 15), profile_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/yesjapan.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/yesjapan.py
index b45fa8f14..94e41660d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/yesjapan.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/yesjapan.py
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    HEADRequest,
-    get_element_by_attribute,
-    parse_iso8601,
-)
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import get_element_by_attribute, parse_iso8601
 
 
 class YesJapanIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -42,7 +39,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         req = self._request_webpage(
             redirect_req, video_id, note='Resolving final URL', errnote='Could not resolve final URL', fatal=False)
         if req:
-            video_url = req.geturl()
+            video_url = req.url
 
         formats = [{
             'format_id': 'sd',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youku.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youku.py
index 404f196f4..e35176586 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youku.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youku.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
     get_element_by_class,
     js_to_json,
     str_or_none,
@@ -19,55 +20,15 @@ class YoukuIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
         (?:
             https?://(
-                (?:v|player)\.youku\.com/(?:v_show/id_|player\.php/sid/)|
+                (?:v|play(?:er)?)\.(?:youku|tudou)\.com/(?:v_show/id_|player\.php/sid/)|
                 video\.tudou\.com/v/)|
             youku:)
         (?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9]+)(?:\.html|/v\.swf|)
     '''
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        # MD5 is unstable
-        'url': 'http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTc1ODE5Njcy.html',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'XMTc1ODE5Njcy',
-            'title': '★Smile﹗♡ Git Fresh -Booty Music舞蹈.',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'duration': 74.73,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
-            'uploader': '。躲猫猫、',
-            'uploader_id': '36017967',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://i.youku.com/u/UMTQ0MDcxODY4',
-            'tags': list,
-        }
-    }, {
         'url': 'http://player.youku.com/player.php/sid/XNDgyMDQ2NTQw/v.swf',
         'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XODgxNjg1Mzk2_ev_1.html',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'XODgxNjg1Mzk2',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '武媚娘传奇 85',
-            'duration': 1999.61,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
-            'uploader': '疯狂豆花',
-            'uploader_id': '62583473',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://i.youku.com/u/UMjUwMzMzODky',
-            'tags': list,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTI1OTczNDM5Mg==.html',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'XMTI1OTczNDM5Mg',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '花千骨 04',
-            'duration': 2363,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
-            'uploader': '放剧场-花千骨',
-            'uploader_id': '772849359',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://i.youku.com/u/UMzA5MTM5NzQzNg==',
-            'tags': list,
-        },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNjA1NzA2Njgw.html',
         'note': 'Video protected with password',
@@ -81,6 +42,7 @@ class YoukuIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': '322014285',
             'uploader_url': 'http://i.youku.com/u/UMTI4ODA1NzE0MA==',
             'tags': list,
+            'skip': '404',
         },
         'params': {
             'videopassword': '100600',
@@ -125,6 +87,19 @@ class YoukuIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.youku.com/profile/index/?uid=UNjU2MzY1MzM1Ng==',
             'tags': list,
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://play.tudou.com/v_show/id_XNjAxNjI2OTU3Ng==.html?',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'XNjAxNjI2OTU3Ng',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '阿斯塔意识到哈里杀了人，自己被骗了',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://m.ykimg.com/0541010164F732752794D4D7B70331D1',
+            'uploader_id': '88758207',
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youku.com/profile/index/?uid=UMzU1MDMyODI4',
+            'uploader': '英美剧场',
+            'duration': 72.91,
+        },
     }]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -192,7 +167,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             else:
                 msg = 'Youku server reported error %i' % error.get('code')
                 if error_note is not None:
-                    msg += ': ' + error_note
+                    msg += ': ' + clean_html(error_note)
                 raise ExtractorError(msg)
 
         # get video title
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
index 8f1b9911b..6ee0abcae 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
     int_or_none,
     merge_dicts,
     str_to_int,
+    traverse_obj,
     unified_strdate,
     url_or_none,
 )
@@ -86,32 +87,31 @@ class YouPornIE(InfoExtractor):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        video_id = mobj.group('id')
-        display_id = mobj.group('display_id') or video_id
-
+        video_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'display_id')
         definitions = self._download_json(
-            'https://www.youporn.com/api/video/media_definitions/%s/' % video_id,
-            display_id)
+            f'https://www.youporn.com/api/video/media_definitions/{video_id}/', display_id or video_id)
+
+        def get_format_data(data, f):
+            return traverse_obj(data, lambda _, v: v['format'] == f and url_or_none(v['videoUrl']))
 
         formats = []
-        for definition in definitions:
-            if not isinstance(definition, dict):
-                continue
-            video_url = url_or_none(definition.get('videoUrl'))
-            if not video_url:
-                continue
-            f = {
-                'url': video_url,
-                'filesize': int_or_none(definition.get('videoSize')),
-            }
+        # Try to extract only the actual master m3u8 first, avoiding the duplicate single resolution "master" m3u8s
+        for hls_url in traverse_obj(get_format_data(definitions, 'hls'), (
+                lambda _, v: not isinstance(v['defaultQuality'], bool), 'videoUrl'), (..., 'videoUrl')):
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls'))
+
+        for definition in get_format_data(definitions, 'mp4'):
+            f = traverse_obj(definition, {
+                'url': 'videoUrl',
+                'filesize': ('videoSize', {int_or_none})
+            })
             height = int_or_none(definition.get('quality'))
             # Video URL's path looks like this:
             #  /201012/17/505835/720p_1500k_505835/YouPorn%20-%20Sex%20Ed%20Is%20It%20Safe%20To%20Masturbate%20Daily.mp4
             #  /201012/17/505835/vl_240p_240k_505835/YouPorn%20-%20Sex%20Ed%20Is%20It%20Safe%20To%20Masturbate%20Daily.mp4
             #  /videos/201703/11/109285532/1080P_4000K_109285532.mp4
             # We will benefit from it by extracting some metadata
-            mobj = re.search(r'(?P<height>\d{3,4})[pP]_(?P<bitrate>\d+)[kK]_\d+', video_url)
+            mobj = re.search(r'(?P<height>\d{3,4})[pP]_(?P<bitrate>\d+)[kK]_\d+', definition['videoUrl'])
             if mobj:
                 if not height:
                     height = int(mobj.group('height'))
@@ -179,6 +179,7 @@ def extract_tag_box(regex, title):
             'tags')
 
         data = self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, expected_type='VideoObject', fatal=False)
+        data.pop('url', None)
         return merge_dicts(data, {
             'id': video_id,
             'display_id': display_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
index ca56f112b..adbac8e95 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@
 import threading
 import time
 import traceback
-import urllib.error
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
 from .openload import PhantomJSwrapper
 from ..compat import functools
 from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
 from ..utils import (
     NO_DEFAULT,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -41,7 +41,6 @@
     join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
     mimetype2ext,
-    network_exceptions,
     orderedSet,
     parse_codecs,
     parse_count,
@@ -66,7 +65,6 @@
     variadic,
 )
 
-
 STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME = '__yt_dlp_client'
 # any clients starting with _ cannot be explicitly requested by the user
 INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
@@ -259,7 +257,7 @@ def build_innertube_clients():
     THIRD_PARTY = {
         'embedUrl': 'https://www.youtube.com/',  # Can be any valid URL
     }
-    BASE_CLIENTS = ('android', 'web', 'tv', 'ios', 'mweb')
+    BASE_CLIENTS = ('ios', 'android', 'web', 'tv', 'mweb')
     priority = qualities(BASE_CLIENTS[::-1])
 
     for client, ytcfg in tuple(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS.items()):
@@ -293,6 +291,7 @@ class BadgeType(enum.Enum):
     AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM = enum.auto()
     AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION = enum.auto()
     LIVE_NOW = enum.auto()
+    VERIFIED = enum.auto()
 
 
 class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
@@ -458,6 +457,23 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
 
     _IGNORED_WARNINGS = {'Unavailable videos will be hidden during playback'}
 
+    _YT_HANDLE_RE = r'@[\w.-]{3,30}'  # https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/11585688?hl=en
+    _YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE = r'UC[\w-]{22}'
+
+    def ucid_or_none(self, ucid):
+        return self._search_regex(rf'^({self._YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE})$', ucid, 'UC-id', default=None)
+
+    def handle_or_none(self, handle):
+        return self._search_regex(rf'^({self._YT_HANDLE_RE})$', handle, '@-handle', default=None)
+
+    def handle_from_url(self, url):
+        return self._search_regex(rf'^(?:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com)?/({self._YT_HANDLE_RE})',
+                                  url, 'channel handle', default=None)
+
+    def ucid_from_url(self, url):
+        return self._search_regex(rf'^(?:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com)?/({self._YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE})',
+                                  url, 'channel id', default=None)
+
     @functools.cached_property
     def _preferred_lang(self):
         """
@@ -480,16 +496,10 @@ def _initialize_consent(self):
         cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
         if cookies.get('__Secure-3PSID'):
             return
-        consent_id = None
-        consent = cookies.get('CONSENT')
-        if consent:
-            if 'YES' in consent.value:
-                return
-            consent_id = self._search_regex(
-                r'PENDING\+(\d+)', consent.value, 'consent', default=None)
-        if not consent_id:
-            consent_id = random.randint(100, 999)
-        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', 'CONSENT', 'YES+cb.20210328-17-p0.en+FX+%s' % consent_id)
+        socs = cookies.get('SOCS')
+        if socs and not socs.value.startswith('CAA'):  # not consented
+            return
+        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', 'SOCS', 'CAI', secure=True)  # accept all (required for mixes)
 
     def _initialize_pref(self):
         cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
@@ -775,17 +785,26 @@ def _report_alerts(self, alerts, expected=True, fatal=True, only_once=False):
     def _extract_and_report_alerts(self, data, *args, **kwargs):
         return self._report_alerts(self._extract_alerts(data), *args, **kwargs)
 
-    def _extract_badges(self, renderer: dict):
-        privacy_icon_map = {
+    def _extract_badges(self, badge_list: list):
+        """
+        Extract known BadgeType's from a list of badge renderers.
+        @returns [{'type': BadgeType}]
+        """
+        icon_type_map = {
             'PRIVACY_UNLISTED': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED,
             'PRIVACY_PRIVATE': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE,
-            'PRIVACY_PUBLIC': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC
+            'PRIVACY_PUBLIC': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC,
+            'CHECK_CIRCLE_THICK': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+            'OFFICIAL_ARTIST_BADGE': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+            'CHECK': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
         }
 
         badge_style_map = {
             'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_MEMBERS_ONLY': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION,
             'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_PREMIUM': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM,
-            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_LIVE_NOW': BadgeType.LIVE_NOW
+            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_LIVE_NOW': BadgeType.LIVE_NOW,
+            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_VERIFIED': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_VERIFIED_ARTIST': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
         }
 
         label_map = {
@@ -793,13 +812,15 @@ def _extract_badges(self, renderer: dict):
             'private': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE,
             'members only': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION,
             'live': BadgeType.LIVE_NOW,
-            'premium': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM
+            'premium': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM,
+            'verified': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+            'official artist channel': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
         }
 
         badges = []
-        for badge in traverse_obj(renderer, ('badges', ..., 'metadataBadgeRenderer')):
+        for badge in traverse_obj(badge_list, (..., lambda key, _: re.search(r'[bB]adgeRenderer$', key))):
             badge_type = (
-                privacy_icon_map.get(traverse_obj(badge, ('icon', 'iconType'), expected_type=str))
+                icon_type_map.get(traverse_obj(badge, ('icon', 'iconType'), expected_type=str))
                 or badge_style_map.get(traverse_obj(badge, 'style'))
             )
             if badge_type:
@@ -807,11 +828,12 @@ def _extract_badges(self, renderer: dict):
                 continue
 
             # fallback, won't work in some languages
-            label = traverse_obj(badge, 'label', expected_type=str, default='')
+            label = traverse_obj(
+                badge, 'label', ('accessibilityData', 'label'), 'tooltip', 'iconTooltip', get_all=False, expected_type=str, default='')
             for match, label_badge_type in label_map.items():
                 if match in label.lower():
-                    badges.append({'type': badge_type})
-                    continue
+                    badges.append({'type': label_badge_type})
+                    break
 
         return badges
 
@@ -877,9 +899,16 @@ def _extract_thumbnails(data, *path_list):
     def extract_relative_time(relative_time_text):
         """
         Extracts a relative time from string and converts to dt object
-        e.g. 'streamed 6 days ago', '5 seconds ago (edited)', 'updated today'
+        e.g. 'streamed 6 days ago', '5 seconds ago (edited)', 'updated today', '8 yr ago'
         """
-        mobj = re.search(r'(?P<start>today|yesterday|now)|(?P<time>\d+)\s*(?P<unit>microsecond|second|minute|hour|day|week|month|year)s?\s*ago', relative_time_text)
+
+        # XXX: this could be moved to a general function in utils/_utils.py
+        # The relative time text strings are roughly the same as what
+        # Javascript's Intl.RelativeTimeFormat function generates.
+        # See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/RelativeTimeFormat
+        mobj = re.search(
+            r'(?P<start>today|yesterday|now)|(?P<time>\d+)\s*(?P<unit>sec(?:ond)?|s|min(?:ute)?|h(?:our|r)?|d(?:ay)?|w(?:eek|k)?|mo(?:nth)?|y(?:ear|r)?)s?\s*ago',
+            relative_time_text)
         if mobj:
             start = mobj.group('start')
             if start:
@@ -912,7 +941,16 @@ def _parse_time_text(self, text):
     def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers=None,
                           ytcfg=None, check_get_keys=None, ep='browse', fatal=True, api_hostname=None,
                           default_client='web'):
-        for retry in self.RetryManager():
+        raise_for_incomplete = bool(self._configuration_arg('raise_incomplete_data', ie_key=YoutubeIE))
+        # Incomplete Data should be a warning by default when retries are exhausted, while other errors should be fatal.
+        icd_retries = iter(self.RetryManager(fatal=raise_for_incomplete))
+        icd_rm = next(icd_retries)
+        main_retries = iter(self.RetryManager())
+        main_rm = next(main_retries)
+        # Manual retry loop for multiple RetryManagers
+        # The proper RetryManager MUST be advanced after an error
+        # and its result MUST be checked if the manager is non fatal
+        while True:
             try:
                 response = self._call_api(
                     ep=ep, fatal=True, headers=headers,
@@ -923,40 +961,46 @@ def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if not isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
                     return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
-                elif not isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError):
-                    retry.error = e
+                elif not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
+                    main_rm.error = e
+                    next(main_retries)
                     continue
 
-                first_bytes = e.cause.read(512)
+                first_bytes = e.cause.response.read(512)
                 if not is_html(first_bytes):
                     yt_error = try_get(
                         self._parse_json(
-                            self._webpage_read_content(e.cause, None, item_id, prefix=first_bytes) or '{}', item_id, fatal=False),
+                            self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, None, item_id, prefix=first_bytes) or '{}', item_id, fatal=False),
                         lambda x: x['error']['message'], str)
                     if yt_error:
                         self._report_alerts([('ERROR', yt_error)], fatal=False)
                 # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
-                # Sometimes a 404 is also recieved. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
+                # Sometimes a 404 is also received. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
                 # We also want to catch all other network exceptions since errors in later pages can be troublesome
                 # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/507#issuecomment-880188210
-                if e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
-                    retry.error = e
+                if e.cause.status not in (403, 429):
+                    main_rm.error = e
+                    next(main_retries)
                     continue
                 return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
 
             try:
                 self._extract_and_report_alerts(response, only_once=True)
             except ExtractorError as e:
-                # YouTube servers may return errors we want to retry on in a 200 OK response
+                # YouTube's servers may return errors we want to retry on in a 200 OK response
                 # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/839
                 if 'unknown error' in e.msg.lower():
-                    retry.error = e
+                    main_rm.error = e
+                    next(main_retries)
                     continue
                 return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
             # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
             # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
             if not traverse_obj(response, *variadic(check_get_keys)):
-                retry.error = ExtractorError('Incomplete data received', expected=True)
+                icd_rm.error = ExtractorError('Incomplete data received', expected=True)
+                should_retry = next(icd_retries, None)
+                if not should_retry:
+                    return None
                 continue
 
             return response
@@ -992,11 +1036,13 @@ def _extract_video(self, renderer):
         if not channel_id:
             channel_id = traverse_obj(reel_header_renderer, ('channelNavigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId'))
 
+        channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(channel_id)
+
         overlay_style = traverse_obj(
             renderer, ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'style'),
             get_all=False, expected_type=str)
-        badges = self._extract_badges(renderer)
-
+        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(renderer, 'badges'))
+        owner_badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(renderer, 'ownerBadges'))
         navigation_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', traverse_obj(
             renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
             expected_type=str)) or ''
@@ -1020,6 +1066,13 @@ def _extract_video(self, renderer):
                       else self._get_count({'simpleText': view_count_text}))
         view_count_field = 'concurrent_view_count' if live_status in ('is_live', 'is_upcoming') else 'view_count'
 
+        channel = (self._get_text(renderer, 'ownerText', 'shortBylineText')
+                   or self._get_text(reel_header_renderer, 'channelTitleText'))
+
+        channel_handle = traverse_obj(renderer, (
+            'shortBylineText', 'runs', ..., 'navigationEndpoint',
+            (('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'))),
+            expected_type=self.handle_from_url, get_all=False)
         return {
             '_type': 'url',
             'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
@@ -1029,9 +1082,11 @@ def _extract_video(self, renderer):
             'description': description,
             'duration': duration,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
-            'channel': (self._get_text(renderer, 'ownerText', 'shortBylineText')
-                        or self._get_text(reel_header_renderer, 'channelTitleText')),
+            'channel': channel,
             'channel_url': f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}' if channel_id else None,
+            'uploader': channel,
+            'uploader_id': channel_handle,
+            'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
             'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail'),
             'timestamp': (self._parse_time_text(time_text)
                           if self._configuration_arg('approximate_date', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE)
@@ -1045,7 +1100,8 @@ def _extract_video(self, renderer):
                     needs_subscription=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION) or None,
                     is_unlisted=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED) or None),
             view_count_field: view_count,
-            'live_status': live_status
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            'channel_is_verified': True if self._has_badge(owner_badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED) else None
         }
 
 
@@ -1233,9 +1289,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
-                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
-                'uploader_id': 'phihag',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
                 'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                 'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
                 'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
@@ -1254,7 +1307,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'start_time': 1,
                 'end_time': 9,
                 'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'uploader_id': '@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             }
         },
         {
@@ -1266,9 +1323,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'upload_date': '20120608',
                 'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
                 'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
-                'uploader': 'SET India',
-                'uploader_id': 'setindia',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/setindia',
                 'age_limit': 18,
             },
             'skip': 'Private video',
@@ -1280,9 +1334,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
-                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
-                'uploader_id': 'phihag',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/phihag',
                 'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
                 'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
                 'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
@@ -1299,7 +1350,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'age_limit': 0,
                 'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'uploader_id': '@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -1312,10 +1367,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
                 'ext': 'm4a',
                 'upload_date': '20121002',
-                'uploader_id': '8KVIDEO',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/8KVIDEO',
                 'description': '',
-                'uploader': '8KVIDEO',
                 'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4'
             },
             'params': {
@@ -1333,8 +1385,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
                 'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
                 'duration': 244,
-                'uploader': 'AfrojackVEVO',
-                'uploader_id': 'AfrojackVEVO',
                 'upload_date': '20131011',
                 'abr': 129.495,
                 'like_count': int,
@@ -1346,13 +1396,15 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/IB3lcPjvWLA/maxresdefault.webp',
                 'channel': 'Afrojack',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/AfrojackVEVO',
                 'tags': 'count:19',
                 'availability': 'public',
                 'categories': ['Music'],
                 'age_limit': 0,
                 'alt_title': 'The Spark',
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Afrojack',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Afrojack',
+                'uploader_id': '@Afrojack',
             },
             'params': {
                 'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
@@ -1369,9 +1421,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
                 'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
                 'duration': 142,
-                'uploader': 'The Witcher',
-                'uploader_id': 'WitcherGame',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/WitcherGame',
                 'upload_date': '20140605',
                 'age_limit': 18,
                 'categories': ['Gaming'],
@@ -1385,7 +1434,13 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_id': 'UCzybXLxv08IApdjdN0mJhEg',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'view_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'The Witcher',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@thewitcher',
+                'uploader_id': '@thewitcher',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             },
         },
         {
@@ -1397,12 +1452,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Godzilla 2 (Official Video)',
                 'description': 'md5:bf77e03fcae5529475e500129b05668a',
                 'upload_date': '20200408',
-                'uploader_id': 'FlyingKitty900',
-                'uploader': 'FlyingKitty',
                 'age_limit': 18,
                 'availability': 'needs_auth',
                 'channel_id': 'UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/FlyingKitty900',
                 'channel': 'FlyingKitty',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
                 'view_count': int,
@@ -1413,7 +1465,12 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'duration': 177,
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'FlyingKitty',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@FlyingKitty900',
+                'uploader_id': '@FlyingKitty900',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
             },
         },
         {
@@ -1424,13 +1481,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': '[MMD] Adios - EVERGLOW [+Motion DL]',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'upload_date': '20191228',
-                'uploader_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
-                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
                 'description': 'md5:17eccca93a786d51bc67646756894066',
                 'age_limit': 18,
                 'like_count': int,
                 'availability': 'needs_auth',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                 'channel_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/Tq92D6wQ1mg/sddefault.webp',
@@ -1442,7 +1496,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 106,
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                 'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ProjektMelody',
+                'uploader_id': '@ProjektMelody',
             },
         },
         {
@@ -1452,8 +1509,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'MeJVWBSsPAY',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'OOMPH! - Such Mich Find Mich (Lyrics)',
-                'uploader': 'Herr Lurik',
-                'uploader_id': 'st3in234',
                 'description': 'Fan Video. Music & Lyrics by OOMPH!.',
                 'upload_date': '20130730',
                 'track': 'Such mich find mich',
@@ -1470,11 +1525,13 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_id': 'UCdR3RSDPqub28LjZx0v9-aA',
                 'categories': ['Music'],
                 'availability': 'public',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/st3in234',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdR3RSDPqub28LjZx0v9-aA',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'artist': 'OOMPH!',
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Herr Lurik',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@HerrLurik',
+                'uploader_id': '@HerrLurik',
             },
         },
         {
@@ -1491,11 +1548,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'duration': 266,
                 'upload_date': '20100430',
-                'uploader_id': 'deadmau5',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/deadmau5',
                 'creator': 'deadmau5',
                 'description': 'md5:6cbcd3a92ce1bc676fc4d6ab4ace2336',
-                'uploader': 'deadmau5',
                 'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
                 'alt_title': 'Some Chords',
                 'availability': 'public',
@@ -1513,7 +1567,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYEK6xds6eo-3tr4xRdflmQ',
                 'categories': ['Music'],
                 'album': 'Some Chords',
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'deadmau5',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@deadmau5',
+                'uploader_id': '@deadmau5',
             },
             'expected_warnings': [
                 'DASH manifest missing',
@@ -1527,10 +1584,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'duration': 6085,
                 'upload_date': '20150827',
-                'uploader_id': 'olympic',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/olympic',
                 'description': 'md5:04bbbf3ccceb6795947572ca36f45904',
-                'uploader': 'Olympics',
                 'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'release_timestamp': 1343767800,
@@ -1546,7 +1600,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'live_status': 'was_live',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTl3QQTvqHFjurroKxexy2Q',
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Olympics',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Olympics',
+                'uploader_id': '@Olympics',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
@@ -1561,10 +1619,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
                 'duration': 85,
                 'upload_date': '20110310',
-                'uploader_id': 'AllenMeow',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/AllenMeow',
                 'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
-                'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
                 'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'channel': '孫ᄋᄅ',
@@ -1579,7 +1634,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'availability': 'unlisted',
                 'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AllenMeow',
+                'uploader_id': '@AllenMeow',
             },
         },
         # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
@@ -1591,8 +1649,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
                 'description': '',
                 'upload_date': '20150404',
-                'uploader_id': 'spbelect',
-                'uploader': 'Наблюдатели Петербурга',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
@@ -1609,9 +1665,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
                 'duration': 220,
                 'upload_date': '20150625',
-                'uploader_id': 'dorappi2000',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/dorappi2000',
-                'uploader': 'dorappi2000',
                 'formats': 'mincount:31',
             },
             'skip': 'not actual anymore',
@@ -1624,9 +1677,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
-                'uploader': 'Airtek',
                 'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
-                'uploader_id': 'UCzTzUmjXxxacNnL8I3m4LnQ',
                 'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
             },
             'params': {
@@ -1637,6 +1688,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         },
         {
             # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL can be of any Camera
+            # TODO: fix multifeed titles
             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaPI8MvL8pg',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'zaPI8MvL8pg',
@@ -1648,16 +1700,13 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     'id': 'j5yGuxZ8lLU',
                     'ext': 'mp4',
                     'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04 (Chris)',
-                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
                     'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
-                    'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/WiiRikeToPray',
                     'duration': 10120,
                     'channel_follower_count': int,
                     'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
                     'availability': 'public',
                     'playable_in_embed': True,
                     'upload_date': '20131105',
-                    'uploader_id': 'WiiRikeToPray',
                     'categories': ['Gaming'],
                     'live_status': 'was_live',
                     'tags': 'count:24',
@@ -1670,17 +1719,18 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     'channel': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
                     'view_count': int,
                     'release_date': '20131106',
+                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
+                    'uploader_id': '@WLTP',
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WLTP',
                 },
             }, {
                 'info_dict': {
                     'id': 'zaPI8MvL8pg',
                     'ext': 'mp4',
                     'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04 (Tyson)',
-                    'uploader_id': 'WiiRikeToPray',
                     'availability': 'public',
                     'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
                     'channel': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
-                    'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/WiiRikeToPray',
                     'channel_follower_count': int,
                     'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
                     'duration': 10108,
@@ -1688,7 +1738,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     'like_count': int,
                     'tags': 'count:24',
                     'channel_id': 'UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
-                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
                     'release_timestamp': 1383701915,
                     'comment_count': int,
                     'upload_date': '20131105',
@@ -1698,6 +1747,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     'live_status': 'was_live',
                     'categories': ['Gaming'],
                     'view_count': int,
+                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
+                    'uploader_id': '@WLTP',
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WLTP',
                 },
             }, {
                 'info_dict': {
@@ -1711,12 +1763,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     'playable_in_embed': True,
                     'upload_date': '20131105',
                     'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
-                    'uploader_id': 'WiiRikeToPray',
-                    'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/WiiRikeToPray',
                     'channel_follower_count': int,
                     'tags': 'count:24',
                     'release_date': '20131106',
-                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
                     'comment_count': int,
                     'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
                     'channel': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
@@ -1726,6 +1775,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                     'age_limit': 0,
                     'duration': 10128,
                     'view_count': int,
+                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
+                    'uploader_id': '@WLTP',
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WLTP',
                 },
             }],
             'params': {'skip_download': True},
@@ -1762,9 +1814,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
                 'duration': 133,
                 'upload_date': '20151119',
-                'uploader_id': 'IronSoulElf',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/IronSoulElf',
-                'uploader': 'IronSoulElf',
                 'creator': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
                 'track': 'Dark Walk',
                 'artist': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
@@ -1801,8 +1850,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
                 'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
                 'upload_date': '20151107',
-                'uploader_id': 'UCCr7TALkRbo3EtFzETQF1LA',
-                'uploader': 'CH GAMER DROID',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -1824,9 +1871,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
                 'duration': 721,
                 'upload_date': '20150128',
-                'uploader_id': 'BerkmanCenter',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/BerkmanCenter',
-                'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
                 'channel_id': 'UCuLGmD72gJDBwmLw06X58SA',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuLGmD72gJDBwmLw06X58SA',
@@ -1840,16 +1884,17 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/M4gD1WSo5mA/maxresdefault.webp',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
+                'uploader_id': '@BKCHarvard',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BKCHarvard',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
         },
         {
-            # Channel-like uploader_url
             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
@@ -1858,9 +1903,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:13a2503d7b5904ef4b223aa101628f39',
                 'duration': 4060,
                 'upload_date': '20151120',
-                'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
-                'uploader_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
                 'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'tags': 'count:12',
@@ -1877,6 +1919,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BernieSanders',
+                'uploader_id': '@BernieSanders',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -1900,9 +1947,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
                 'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
                 'upload_date': '20150811',
-                'uploader': 'FlixMatrix',
-                'uploader_id': 'FlixMatrixKaravan',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/FlixMatrixKaravan',
                 'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
             },
             'params': {
@@ -1920,9 +1964,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:f540112edec5d09fc8cc752d3d4ba3cd',
                 'duration': 2085,
                 'upload_date': '20170118',
-                'uploader': 'Vsauce',
-                'uploader_id': 'Vsauce',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Vsauce',
                 'series': 'Mind Field',
                 'season_number': 1,
                 'episode_number': 1,
@@ -1940,7 +1981,12 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Vsauce',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Vsauce',
+                'uploader_id': '@Vsauce',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -1960,9 +2006,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
                 'duration': 965,
                 'upload_date': '20140124',
-                'uploader': 'New Century Foundation',
-                'uploader_id': 'UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCEJYpZGqgUob0zVVEaLhvVg',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -2007,9 +2050,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
                 'duration': 433,
                 'upload_date': '20130923',
-                'uploader': 'Amelia Putri Harwita',
-                'uploader_id': 'UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCpOxM49HJxmC1qCalXyB3_Q',
                 'formats': 'maxcount:10',
             },
             'params': {
@@ -2020,6 +2060,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
         },
         {
             # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
+            # TODO: fix metadata extraction
             'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'MgNrAu2pzNs',
@@ -2027,8 +2068,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Voyeur Girl',
                 'description': 'md5:7ae382a65843d6df2685993e90a8628f',
                 'upload_date': '20190312',
-                'uploader': 'Stephen - Topic',
-                'uploader_id': 'UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
                 'artist': 'Stephen',
                 'track': 'Voyeur Girl',
                 'album': 'it\'s too much love to know my dear',
@@ -2036,12 +2075,12 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'release_year': 2019,
                 'alt_title': 'Voyeur Girl',
                 'view_count': int,
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'like_count': int,
                 'categories': ['Music'],
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
-                'channel': 'Stephen',
+                'channel': 'Stephen',  # TODO: should be "Stephen - Topic"
+                'uploader': 'Stephen',
                 'availability': 'public',
                 'creator': 'Stephen',
                 'duration': 169,
@@ -2069,9 +2108,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Panjabi MC - Mundian To Bach Ke (The Dictator Soundtrack)',
                 'description': 'md5:bf577a41da97918e94fa9798d9228825',
                 'upload_date': '20090125',
-                'uploader': 'Prochorowka',
-                'uploader_id': 'Prochorowka',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/Prochorowka',
                 'artist': 'Panjabi MC',
                 'track': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian to Bach Ke) - Motivo Hi-Lectro Remix',
                 'album': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach Ke)',
@@ -2090,11 +2126,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'IMG 3456',
                 'description': '',
                 'upload_date': '20170613',
-                'uploader_id': 'ElevageOrVert',
-                'uploader': 'ElevageOrVert',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/x41yOUIvK2k/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/ElevageOrVert',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'channel_id': 'UCo03ZQPBW5U4UC3regpt1nw',
                 'tags': [],
@@ -2105,8 +2138,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 7,
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel': 'ElevageOrVert',
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel': 'l\'Or Vert asbl',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'l\'Or Vert asbl',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ElevageOrVert',
+                'uploader_id': '@ElevageOrVert',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -2124,11 +2160,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Part 77   Sort a list of simple types in c#',
                 'description': 'md5:b8746fa52e10cdbf47997903f13b20dc',
                 'upload_date': '20130831',
-                'uploader_id': 'kudvenkat',
-                'uploader': 'kudvenkat',
                 'channel_id': 'UCCTVrRB5KpIiK6V2GGVsR1Q',
                 'like_count': int,
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/kudvenkat',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCTVrRB5KpIiK6V2GGVsR1Q',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'categories': ['Education'],
@@ -2143,6 +2176,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'kudvenkat',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Csharp-video-tutorialsBlogspot',
+                'uploader_id': '@Csharp-video-tutorialsBlogspot',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -2166,9 +2204,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Burn Out',
                 'description': 'md5:8d07b84dcbcbfb34bc12a56d968b6131',
                 'upload_date': '20141120',
-                'uploader': 'The Cinematic Orchestra - Topic',
-                'uploader_id': 'UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
                 'artist': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
                 'track': 'Burn Out',
                 'album': 'Every Day',
@@ -2187,7 +2222,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OtqTfy26tG0/maxresdefault.jpg',
                 'categories': ['Music'],
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
+                'comment_count': int,
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -2206,13 +2243,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'San Diego teen commits suicide after bullying over embarrassing video',
                 'channel_id': 'UC-SJ6nODDmufqBzPBwCvYvQ',
-                'uploader': 'CBS Mornings',
-                'uploader_id': 'CBSThisMorning',
                 'upload_date': '20140716',
                 'description': 'md5:acde3a73d3f133fc97e837a9f76b53b7',
                 'duration': 170,
                 'categories': ['News & Politics'],
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/CBSThisMorning',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'channel': 'CBS Mornings',
                 'tags': ['suicide', 'bullying', 'video', 'cbs', 'news'],
@@ -2223,7 +2257,12 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'CBS Mornings',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@CBSMornings',
+                'uploader_id': '@CBSMornings',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
             }
         },
         {
@@ -2235,9 +2274,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': '4K Ueno Okachimachi  Street  Scenes  上野御徒町歩き',
                 'description': 'md5:ea770e474b7cd6722b4c95b833c03630',
                 'upload_date': '20201120',
-                'uploader': 'Walk around Japan',
-                'uploader_id': 'UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
-                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
                 'duration': 1456,
                 'categories': ['Travel & Events'],
                 'channel_id': 'UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
@@ -2250,7 +2286,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Walk around Japan',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@walkaroundjapan7124',
+                'uploader_id': '@walkaroundjapan7124',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -2276,13 +2315,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'ext': '3gp',
                 'upload_date': '20210624',
                 'channel_id': 'UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
-                'uploader': 'colinfurze',
-                'uploader_id': 'colinfurze',
                 'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
                 'description': 'md5:5d5991195d599b56cd0c4148907eec50',
                 'duration': 596,
                 'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/colinfurze',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'channel': 'colinfurze',
                 'tags': ['Colin', 'furze', 'Terry', 'tunnel', 'underground', 'bunker'],
@@ -2294,6 +2330,12 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'colinfurze',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@colinfurze',
+                'uploader_id': '@colinfurze',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             },
             'params': {
                 'format': '17',  # 3gp format available on android
@@ -2319,10 +2361,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mhtml',
                 'format_id': 'sb0',
                 'title': 'Your Brain is Plastic',
-                'uploader_id': 'scishow',
                 'description': 'md5:89cd86034bdb5466cd87c6ba206cd2bc',
                 'upload_date': '20140324',
-                'uploader': 'SciShow',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'channel_id': 'UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow',
@@ -2330,7 +2370,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5KLPxDtMqe8/maxresdefault.jpg',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'tags': 'count:12',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/scishow',
                 'availability': 'public',
                 'channel': 'SciShow',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
@@ -2339,6 +2378,12 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'age_limit': 0,
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'SciShow',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@SciShow',
+                'uploader_id': '@SciShow',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             }, 'params': {'format': 'mhtml', 'skip_download': True}
         }, {
             # Ensure video upload_date is in UTC timezone (video was uploaded 1641170939)
@@ -2348,9 +2393,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'The NP that test your phone performance 🙂',
                 'description': 'md5:144494b24d4f9dfacb97c1bbef5de84d',
-                'uploader': 'Leon Nguyen',
-                'uploader_id': 'VNSXIII',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/VNSXIII',
                 'channel_id': 'UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
                 'duration': 21,
@@ -2366,7 +2408,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel': 'Leon Nguyen',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/2NUZ8W2llS4/maxresdefault.webp',
                 'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Leon Nguyen',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@LeonNguyen',
+                'uploader_id': '@LeonNguyen',
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             }
         }, {
             # Same video as above, but with --compat-opt no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date
@@ -2376,9 +2422,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'The NP that test your phone performance 🙂',
                 'description': 'md5:144494b24d4f9dfacb97c1bbef5de84d',
-                'uploader': 'Leon Nguyen',
-                'uploader_id': 'VNSXIII',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/VNSXIII',
                 'channel_id': 'UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
                 'duration': 21,
@@ -2394,7 +2437,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel': 'Leon Nguyen',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/2NUZ8W2llS4/maxresdefault.webp',
                 'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Leon Nguyen',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@LeonNguyen',
+                'uploader_id': '@LeonNguyen',
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             },
             'params': {'compat_opts': ['no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date']}
         }, {
@@ -2404,10 +2451,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'mzZzzBU6lrM',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'I Met GeorgeNotFound In Real Life...',
-                'description': 'md5:cca98a355c7184e750f711f3a1b22c84',
-                'uploader': 'Quackity',
-                'uploader_id': 'QuackityHQ',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/QuackityHQ',
+                'description': 'md5:978296ec9783a031738b684d4ebf302d',
                 'channel_id': 'UC_8NknAFiyhOUaZqHR3lq3Q',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_8NknAFiyhOUaZqHR3lq3Q',
                 'duration': 955,
@@ -2424,7 +2468,13 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'availability': 'public',
                 'channel': 'Quackity',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mzZzzBU6lrM/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'channel_follower_count': int
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Quackity',
+                'uploader_id': '@Quackity',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Quackity',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             }
         },
         {   # continuous livestream. Microformat upload date should be preferred.
@@ -2442,47 +2492,21 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC84whx2xxsiA1gXHXXqKGOA',
                 'live_status': 'is_live',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kgx4WGK0oNU/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'uploader': '阿鲍Abao',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC84whx2xxsiA1gXHXXqKGOA',
                 'channel': 'Abao in Tokyo',
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'release_date': '20211127',
                 'tags': 'count:39',
                 'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
                 'like_count': int,
-                'uploader_id': 'UC84whx2xxsiA1gXHXXqKGOA',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'description': 'md5:2ef1d002cad520f65825346e2084e49d',
                 'concurrent_view_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Abao in Tokyo',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@abaointokyo',
+                'uploader_id': '@abaointokyo',
             },
             'params': {'skip_download': True}
-        }, {
-            # Story. Requires specific player params to work.
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vv8qTUWmulI',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'vv8qTUWmulI',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'availability': 'unlisted',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'channel_id': 'UCzIZ8HrzDgc-pNQDUG6avBA',
-                'upload_date': '20220526',
-                'categories': ['Education'],
-                'title': 'Story',
-                'channel': 'IT\'S HISTORY',
-                'description': '',
-                'uploader_id': 'BlastfromthePast',
-                'duration': 12,
-                'uploader': 'IT\'S HISTORY',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'tags': [],
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/vv8qTUWmulI/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/BlastfromthePast',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzIZ8HrzDgc-pNQDUG6avBA',
-            },
-            'skip': 'stories get removed after some period of time',
         }, {
             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjjjtzRLHvA',
             'info_dict': {
@@ -2492,11 +2516,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'upload_date': '20220323',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'availability': 'unlisted',
-                'channel': 'nao20010128nao',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/tjjjtzRLHvA/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'channel': 'Lesmiscore',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
                 'age_limit': 0,
-                'uploader': 'nao20010128nao',
-                'uploader_id': 'nao20010128nao',
                 'categories': ['Music'],
                 'view_count': int,
                 'description': '',
@@ -2507,7 +2529,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'duration': 6,
                 'tags': [],
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/nao20010128nao',
+                'uploader_id': '@lesmiscore',
+                'uploader': 'Lesmiscore',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lesmiscore',
             }
         }, {
             # Prefer primary title+description language metadata by default
@@ -2525,16 +2549,16 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'availability': 'unlisted',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/el3E4MbxRqQ/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
                 'age_limit': 0,
                 'duration': 5,
-                'uploader_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'upload_date': '20220908',
                 'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
-                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
                 'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+                'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
             },
             'params': {'skip_download': True}
         }, {
@@ -2549,18 +2573,18 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
                 'upload_date': '20220728',
-                'uploader_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/gHKT4uU8Zng/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
                 'title': 'dlp test video title translated (fr)',
                 'availability': 'public',
-                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
                 'age_limit': 0,
                 'description': 'dlp test video description translated (fr)',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+                'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
             },
             'params': {'skip_download': True, 'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['fr']}}},
             'expected_warnings': [r'Preferring "fr" translated fields'],
@@ -2576,7 +2600,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'categories': ['Entertainment'],
                 'description': 'md5:e8031ff6e426cdb6a77670c9b81f6fa6',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/MrBeast6000',
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'duration': 937,
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
@@ -2586,14 +2609,18 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'view_count': int,
                 'upload_date': '20221112',
-                'uploader': 'MrBeast',
-                'uploader_id': 'MrBeast6000',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX6OQ3DkcsbYNE6H8uQQuVA',
                 'age_limit': 0,
                 'availability': 'public',
                 'channel_id': 'UCX6OQ3DkcsbYNE6H8uQQuVA',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'tags': [],
+                'uploader': 'MrBeast',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@MrBeast',
+                'uploader_id': '@MrBeast',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             },
             'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['ios']}}, 'format': '233-1'},
         }, {
@@ -2601,14 +2628,13 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tq92D6wQ1mg',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'Tq92D6wQ1mg',
-                'ext': 'weba',
+                'ext': 'webm',
                 'title': '[MMD] Adios - EVERGLOW [+Motion DL]',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                 'channel_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'description': 'md5:17eccca93a786d51bc67646756894066',
                 'upload_date': '20191228',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                 'tags': ['mmd', 'dance', 'mikumikudance', 'kpop', 'vtuber'],
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'like_count': int,
@@ -2616,13 +2642,14 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Tq92D6wQ1mg/sddefault.jpg',
                 'age_limit': 18,
                 'channel': 'Projekt Melody',
-                'uploader_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'availability': 'needs_auth',
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
                 'duration': 106,
+                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
+                'uploader_id': '@ProjektMelody',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ProjektMelody',
             },
             'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['tv_embedded']}}, 'format': '251-drc'},
         },
@@ -2632,13 +2659,11 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'id': 'qVv6vCqciTM',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'age_limit': 0,
-                'uploader_id': 'UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'chapters': 'count:13',
                 'upload_date': '20221223',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qVv6vCqciTM/maxresdefault.jpg',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'release_date': '20221223',
                 'tags': ['Vtuber', '月ノ美兎', '名取さな', 'にじさんじ', 'クリスマス', '3D配信'],
@@ -2655,6 +2680,45 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel': 'さなちゃんねる',
                 'description': 'md5:6aebf95cc4a1d731aebc01ad6cc9806d',
                 'uploader': 'さなちゃんねる',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sana_natori',
+                'uploader_id': '@sana_natori',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            # Fallbacks when webpage and web client is unavailable
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSSmNUl9Snw',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'wSSmNUl9Snw',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                # 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
+                'view_count': int,
+                'chapters': 'count:2',
+                'channel': 'Scott Manley',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                # 'availability': 'public',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'upload_date': '20170831',
+                'duration': 682,
+                'tags': 'count:8',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@scottmanley',
+                'description': 'md5:f4bed7b200404b72a394c2f97b782c02',
+                'uploader': 'Scott Manley',
+                'uploader_id': '@scottmanley',
+                'title': 'The Computer Hack That Saved Apollo 14',
+                'channel_id': 'UCxzC4EngIsMrPmbm6Nxvb-A',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.webp',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxzC4EngIsMrPmbm6Nxvb-A',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['android'], 'player_skip': ['webpage']}},
             },
         },
     ]
@@ -2670,8 +2734,6 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'Feynman: Mirrors FUN TO IMAGINE 6',
                 'upload_date': '20080526',
                 'description': 'md5:873c81d308b979f0e23ee7e620b312a3',
-                'uploader': 'Christopher Sykes',
-                'uploader_id': 'ChristopherJSykes',
                 'age_limit': 0,
                 'tags': ['feynman', 'mirror', 'science', 'physics', 'imagination', 'fun', 'cool', 'puzzle'],
                 'channel_id': 'UCCeo--lls1vna5YJABWAcVA',
@@ -2687,7 +2749,10 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'view_count': int,
                 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/ChristopherJSykes',
+                'uploader': 'Christopher Sykes',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ChristopherSykesDocumentaries',
+                'uploader_id': '@ChristopherSykesDocumentaries',
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -2780,7 +2845,7 @@ def _extract_sequence_from_mpd(refresh_sequence, immediate):
             # Obtain from MPD's maximum seq value
             old_mpd_url = mpd_url
             last_error = ctx.pop('last_error', None)
-            expire_fast = immediate or last_error and isinstance(last_error, urllib.error.HTTPError) and last_error.code == 403
+            expire_fast = immediate or last_error and isinstance(last_error, HTTPError) and last_error.status == 403
             mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = (mpd_feed(format_id, 5 if expire_fast else 18000)
                                                or (mpd_url, stream_number, False))
             if not refresh_sequence:
@@ -2979,17 +3044,14 @@ def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\bm=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(h\.s\)\)',
              r'\bc&&\(c=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(c\)\)',
-             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\);[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\(a,\d+\)',
-             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
+             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)(?:;[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\(a,\d+\))?',
              r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
              # Obsolete patterns
-             r'(["\'])signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
+             r'("|\')signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\bc\s*&&\s*a\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
              r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
             jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
 
@@ -3063,7 +3125,7 @@ def _extract_n_function_name(self, jscode):
             return funcname
 
         return json.loads(js_to_json(self._search_regex(
-            rf'var {re.escape(funcname)}\s*=\s*(\[.+?\]);', jscode,
+            rf'var {re.escape(funcname)}\s*=\s*(\[.+?\])\s*[,;]', jscode,
             f'Initial JS player n function list ({funcname}.{idx})')))[int(idx)]
 
     def _extract_n_function_code(self, video_id, player_url):
@@ -3233,42 +3295,64 @@ def _extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(self, data, duration):
                                           chapter_time, chapter_title, duration)
             for contents in content_list)), [])
 
+    def _extract_heatmap(self, data):
+        return traverse_obj(data, (
+            'frameworkUpdates', 'entityBatchUpdate', 'mutations',
+            lambda _, v: v['payload']['macroMarkersListEntity']['markersList']['markerType'] == 'MARKER_TYPE_HEATMAP',
+            'payload', 'macroMarkersListEntity', 'markersList', 'markers', ..., {
+                'start_time': ('startMillis', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'end_time': {lambda x: (int(x['startMillis']) + int(x['durationMillis'])) / 1000},
+                'value': ('intensityScoreNormalized', {float_or_none}),
+            })) or None
+
     def _extract_comment(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
         comment_id = comment_renderer.get('commentId')
         if not comment_id:
             return
 
-        text = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'contentText')
+        info = {
+            'id': comment_id,
+            'text': self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'contentText'),
+            'like_count': self._get_count(comment_renderer, 'voteCount'),
+            'author_id': traverse_obj(comment_renderer, ('authorEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId', {self.ucid_or_none})),
+            'author': self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'authorText'),
+            'author_thumbnail': traverse_obj(comment_renderer, ('authorThumbnail', 'thumbnails', -1, 'url', {url_or_none})),
+            'parent': parent or 'root',
+        }
 
         # Timestamp is an estimate calculated from the current time and time_text
         time_text = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'publishedTimeText') or ''
         timestamp = self._parse_time_text(time_text)
 
-        author = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'authorText')
-        author_id = try_get(comment_renderer,
-                            lambda x: x['authorEndpoint']['browseEndpoint']['browseId'], str)
-
-        votes = parse_count(try_get(comment_renderer, (lambda x: x['voteCount']['simpleText'],
-                                                       lambda x: x['likeCount']), str)) or 0
-        author_thumbnail = try_get(comment_renderer,
-                                   lambda x: x['authorThumbnail']['thumbnails'][-1]['url'], str)
-
-        author_is_uploader = try_get(comment_renderer, lambda x: x['authorIsChannelOwner'], bool)
-        is_favorited = 'creatorHeart' in (try_get(
-            comment_renderer, lambda x: x['actionButtons']['commentActionButtonsRenderer'], dict) or {})
-        return {
-            'id': comment_id,
-            'text': text,
+        info.update({
+            # FIXME: non-standard, but we need a way of showing that it is an estimate.
+            '_time_text': time_text,
             'timestamp': timestamp,
-            'time_text': time_text,
-            'like_count': votes,
-            'is_favorited': is_favorited,
-            'author': author,
-            'author_id': author_id,
-            'author_thumbnail': author_thumbnail,
-            'author_is_uploader': author_is_uploader,
-            'parent': parent or 'root'
-        }
+        })
+
+        info['author_url'] = urljoin(
+            'https://www.youtube.com', traverse_obj(comment_renderer, ('authorEndpoint', (
+                ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'), ('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'))),
+                expected_type=str, get_all=False))
+
+        author_is_uploader = traverse_obj(comment_renderer, 'authorIsChannelOwner')
+        if author_is_uploader is not None:
+            info['author_is_uploader'] = author_is_uploader
+
+        comment_abr = traverse_obj(
+            comment_renderer, ('actionButtons', 'commentActionButtonsRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
+        if comment_abr is not None:
+            info['is_favorited'] = 'creatorHeart' in comment_abr
+
+        badges = self._extract_badges([traverse_obj(comment_renderer, 'authorCommentBadge')])
+        if self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED):
+            info['author_is_verified'] = True
+
+        is_pinned = traverse_obj(comment_renderer, 'pinnedCommentBadge')
+        if is_pinned:
+            info['is_pinned'] = True
+
+        return info
 
     def _comment_entries(self, root_continuation_data, ytcfg, video_id, parent=None, tracker=None):
 
@@ -3281,7 +3365,7 @@ def extract_header(contents):
                 expected_comment_count = self._get_count(
                     comments_header_renderer, 'countText', 'commentsCount')
 
-                if expected_comment_count:
+                if expected_comment_count is not None:
                     tracker['est_total'] = expected_comment_count
                     self.to_screen(f'Downloading ~{expected_comment_count} comments')
                 comment_sort_index = int(get_single_config_arg('comment_sort') != 'top')  # 1 = new, 0 = top
@@ -3316,10 +3400,19 @@ def extract_thread(contents):
                 comment = self._extract_comment(comment_renderer, parent)
                 if not comment:
                     continue
+                comment_id = comment['id']
+                if comment.get('is_pinned'):
+                    tracker['pinned_comment_ids'].add(comment_id)
                 # Sometimes YouTube may break and give us infinite looping comments.
                 # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6290
-                if comment['id'] in tracker['seen_comment_ids']:
-                    self.report_warning('Detected YouTube comments looping. Stopping comment extraction as we probably cannot get any more.')
+                if comment_id in tracker['seen_comment_ids']:
+                    if comment_id in tracker['pinned_comment_ids'] and not comment.get('is_pinned'):
+                        # Pinned comments may appear a second time in newest first sort
+                        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6712
+                        continue
+                    self.report_warning(
+                        'Detected YouTube comments looping. Stopping comment extraction '
+                        f'{"for this thread" if parent else ""} as we probably cannot get any more.')
                     yield
                 else:
                     tracker['seen_comment_ids'].add(comment['id'])
@@ -3344,11 +3437,13 @@ def extract_thread(contents):
         if not tracker:
             tracker = dict(
                 running_total=0,
-                est_total=0,
+                est_total=None,
                 current_page_thread=0,
                 total_parent_comments=0,
                 total_reply_comments=0,
-                seen_comment_ids=set())
+                seen_comment_ids=set(),
+                pinned_comment_ids=set()
+            )
 
         # TODO: Deprecated
         # YouTube comments have a max depth of 2
@@ -3375,11 +3470,13 @@ def extract_thread(contents):
             continuation = self._build_api_continuation_query(self._generate_comment_continuation(video_id))
             is_forced_continuation = True
 
+        continuation_items_path = (
+            'onResponseReceivedEndpoints', ..., ('reloadContinuationItemsCommand', 'appendContinuationItemsAction'), 'continuationItems')
         for page_num in itertools.count(0):
             if not continuation:
                 break
             headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response))
-            comment_prog_str = f"({tracker['running_total']}/{tracker['est_total']})"
+            comment_prog_str = f"({tracker['running_total']}/~{tracker['est_total']})"
             if page_num == 0:
                 if is_first_continuation:
                     note_prefix = 'Downloading comment section API JSON'
@@ -3390,31 +3487,37 @@ def extract_thread(contents):
                 note_prefix = '%sDownloading comment%s API JSON page %d %s' % (
                     '       ' if parent else '', ' replies' if parent else '',
                     page_num, comment_prog_str)
+
+            # Do a deep check for incomplete data as sometimes YouTube may return no comments for a continuation
+            # Ignore check if YouTube says the comment count is 0.
+            check_get_keys = None
+            if not is_forced_continuation and not (tracker['est_total'] == 0 and tracker['running_total'] == 0):
+                check_get_keys = [[*continuation_items_path, ..., (
+                    'commentsHeaderRenderer' if is_first_continuation else ('commentThreadRenderer', 'commentRenderer'))]]
             try:
                 response = self._extract_response(
                     item_id=None, query=continuation,
                     ep='next', ytcfg=ytcfg, headers=headers, note=note_prefix,
-                    check_get_keys='onResponseReceivedEndpoints' if not is_forced_continuation else None)
+                    check_get_keys=check_get_keys)
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 # Ignore incomplete data error for replies if retries didn't work.
                 # This is to allow any other parent comments and comment threads to be downloaded.
                 # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4669
-                if 'incomplete data' in str(e).lower() and parent and self.get_param('ignoreerrors') is True:
-                    self.report_warning(
-                        'Received incomplete data for a comment reply thread and retrying did not help. '
-                        'Ignoring to let other comments be downloaded.')
-                else:
-                    raise
+                if 'incomplete data' in str(e).lower() and parent:
+                    if self.get_param('ignoreerrors') in (True, 'only_download'):
+                        self.report_warning(
+                            'Received incomplete data for a comment reply thread and retrying did not help. '
+                            'Ignoring to let other comments be downloaded. Pass --no-ignore-errors to not ignore.')
+                        return
+                    else:
+                        raise ExtractorError(
+                            'Incomplete data received for comment reply thread. '
+                            'Pass --ignore-errors to ignore and allow rest of comments to download.',
+                            expected=True)
+                raise
             is_forced_continuation = False
-            continuation_contents = traverse_obj(
-                response, 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints', expected_type=list, default=[])
-
             continuation = None
-            for continuation_section in continuation_contents:
-                continuation_items = traverse_obj(
-                    continuation_section,
-                    (('reloadContinuationItemsCommand', 'appendContinuationItemsAction'), 'continuationItems'),
-                    get_all=False, expected_type=list) or []
+            for continuation_items in traverse_obj(response, continuation_items_path, expected_type=list, default=[]):
                 if is_first_continuation:
                     continuation = extract_header(continuation_items)
                     is_first_continuation = False
@@ -3488,8 +3591,6 @@ def _is_agegated(player_response):
     def _is_unplayable(player_response):
         return traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'status')) == 'UNPLAYABLE'
 
-    _STORY_PLAYER_PARAMS = '8AEB'
-
     def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, player_url, initial_pr, smuggled_data):
 
         session_index = self._extract_session_index(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg)
@@ -3501,8 +3602,12 @@ def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg,
         yt_query = {
             'videoId': video_id,
         }
-        if smuggled_data.get('is_story') or _split_innertube_client(client)[0] == 'android':
-            yt_query['params'] = self._STORY_PLAYER_PARAMS
+        if _split_innertube_client(client)[0] == 'android':
+            yt_query['params'] = 'CgIQBg=='
+
+        pp_arg = self._configuration_arg('player_params', [None], casesense=True)[0]
+        if pp_arg:
+            yt_query['params'] = pp_arg
 
         yt_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
         return self._extract_response(
@@ -3514,7 +3619,7 @@ def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg,
 
     def _get_requested_clients(self, url, smuggled_data):
         requested_clients = []
-        default = ['android', 'web']
+        default = ['ios', 'android', 'web']
         allowed_clients = sorted(
             (client for client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS.keys() if client[:1] != '_'),
             key=lambda client: INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['priority'], reverse=True)
@@ -3626,7 +3731,7 @@ def append_client(*client_names):
 
     def _needs_live_processing(self, live_status, duration):
         if (live_status == 'is_live' and self.get_param('live_from_start')
-                or live_status == 'post_live' and (duration or 0) > 4 * 3600):
+                or live_status == 'post_live' and (duration or 0) > 2 * 3600):
             return live_status
 
     def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, live_status, duration):
@@ -3641,7 +3746,12 @@ def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, l
             'small', 'medium', 'large', 'hd720', 'hd1080', 'hd1440', 'hd2160', 'hd2880', 'highres'
         ])
         streaming_formats = traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., ('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ...))
-        all_formats = self._configuration_arg('include_duplicate_formats')
+        format_types = self._configuration_arg('formats')
+        all_formats = 'duplicate' in format_types
+        if self._configuration_arg('include_duplicate_formats'):
+            all_formats = True
+            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] include_duplicate_formats extractor argument is deprecated. '
+                                                'Use formats=duplicate extractor argument instead')
 
         def build_fragments(f):
             return LazyList({
@@ -3737,6 +3847,8 @@ def build_fragments(f):
                     f'{video_id}: Some formats are possibly damaged. They will be deprioritized', only_once=True)
 
             client_name = fmt.get(STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME)
+            name = fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality.replace('audio_quality_', '') or ''
+            fps = int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')) or 0
             dct = {
                 'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
                 'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
@@ -3744,16 +3856,16 @@ def build_fragments(f):
                 'format_note': join_nonempty(
                     join_nonempty(audio_track.get('displayName'),
                                   language_preference > 0 and ' (default)', delim=''),
-                    fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality.replace('audio_quality_', ''),
-                    fmt.get('isDrc') and 'DRC',
+                    name, fmt.get('isDrc') and 'DRC',
                     try_get(fmt, lambda x: x['projectionType'].replace('RECTANGULAR', '').lower()),
                     try_get(fmt, lambda x: x['spatialAudioType'].replace('SPATIAL_AUDIO_TYPE_', '').lower()),
                     throttled and 'THROTTLED', is_damaged and 'DAMAGED',
                     (self.get_param('verbose') or all_formats) and client_name,
                     delim=', '),
                 # Format 22 is likely to be damaged. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3372
-                'source_preference': -10 if throttled else -5 if itag == '22' else -1,
-                'fps': int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')) or None,
+                'source_preference': ((-10 if throttled else -5 if itag == '22' else -1)
+                                      + (100 if 'Premium' in name else 0)),
+                'fps': fps if fps > 1 else None,  # For some formats, fps is wrongly returned as 1
                 'audio_channels': fmt.get('audioChannels'),
                 'height': height,
                 'quality': q(quality) - bool(fmt.get('isDrc')) / 2,
@@ -3779,20 +3891,23 @@ def build_fragments(f):
             if single_stream and dct.get('ext'):
                 dct['container'] = dct['ext'] + '_dash'
 
-            if dct['filesize']:
+            if (all_formats or 'dashy' in format_types) and dct['filesize']:
                 yield {
                     **dct,
                     'format_id': f'{dct["format_id"]}-dashy' if all_formats else dct['format_id'],
                     'protocol': 'http_dash_segments',
                     'fragments': build_fragments(dct),
                 }
-                if not all_formats:
-                    continue
-            dct['downloader_options'] = {'http_chunk_size': CHUNK_SIZE}
-            yield dct
+            if all_formats or 'dashy' not in format_types:
+                dct['downloader_options'] = {'http_chunk_size': CHUNK_SIZE}
+                yield dct
 
         needs_live_processing = self._needs_live_processing(live_status, duration)
-        skip_bad_formats = not self._configuration_arg('include_incomplete_formats')
+        skip_bad_formats = 'incomplete' not in format_types
+        if self._configuration_arg('include_incomplete_formats'):
+            skip_bad_formats = False
+            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] include_incomplete_formats extractor argument is deprecated. '
+                                                'Use formats=incomplete extractor argument instead')
 
         skip_manifests = set(self._configuration_arg('skip'))
         if (not self.get_param('youtube_include_hls_manifest', True)
@@ -3804,7 +3919,7 @@ def build_fragments(f):
             skip_manifests.add('dash')
         if self._configuration_arg('include_live_dash'):
             self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] include_live_dash extractor argument is deprecated. '
-                                                'Use include_incomplete_formats extractor argument instead')
+                                                'Use formats=incomplete extractor argument instead')
         elif skip_bad_formats and live_status == 'is_live' and needs_live_processing != 'is_live':
             skip_manifests.add('dash')
 
@@ -3821,11 +3936,24 @@ def process_manifest_format(f, proto, client_name, itag):
             elif itag:
                 f['format_id'] = itag
 
+            if f.get('source_preference') is None:
+                f['source_preference'] = -1
+
+            if itag in ('616', '235'):
+                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), 'Premium', delim=' ')
+                f['source_preference'] += 100
+
             f['quality'] = q(itag_qualities.get(try_get(f, lambda f: f['format_id'].split('-')[0]), -1))
             if f['quality'] == -1 and f.get('height'):
                 f['quality'] = q(res_qualities[min(res_qualities, key=lambda x: abs(x - f['height']))])
-            if self.get_param('verbose'):
+            if self.get_param('verbose') or all_formats:
                 f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), client_name, delim=', ')
+            if f.get('fps') and f['fps'] <= 1:
+                del f['fps']
+
+            if proto == 'hls' and f.get('has_drm'):
+                f['has_drm'] = 'maybe'
+                f['source_preference'] -= 5
             return True
 
         subtitles = {}
@@ -3898,8 +4026,9 @@ def _download_player_responses(self, url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url):
         webpage = None
         if 'webpage' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
             query = {'bpctr': '9999999999', 'has_verified': '1'}
-            if smuggled_data.get('is_story'):
-                query['pp'] = self._STORY_PLAYER_PARAMS
+            pp = self._configuration_arg('player_params', [None], casesense=True)[0]
+            if pp:
+                query['pp'] = pp
             webpage = self._download_webpage(
                 webpage_url, video_id, fatal=False, query=query)
 
@@ -3927,6 +4056,10 @@ def _list_formats(self, video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses,
                        else None)
         streaming_data = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'streamingData'))
         *formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(streaming_data, video_id, player_url, live_status, duration)
+        if all(f.get('has_drm') for f in formats):
+            # If there are no formats that definitely don't have DRM, all have DRM
+            for f in formats:
+                f['has_drm'] = True
 
         return live_broadcast_details, live_status, streaming_data, formats, subtitles
 
@@ -4089,10 +4222,10 @@ def feed_entry(name):
         self._downloader._sort_thumbnails(original_thumbnails)
 
         category = get_first(microformats, 'category') or search_meta('genre')
-        channel_id = str_or_none(
+        channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(str_or_none(
             get_first(video_details, 'channelId')
             or get_first(microformats, 'externalChannelId')
-            or search_meta('channelId'))
+            or search_meta('channelId')))
         owner_profile_url = get_first(microformats, 'ownerProfileUrl')
 
         live_start_time = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'startTimestamp'))
@@ -4111,7 +4244,7 @@ def is_bad_format(fmt):
 
         for fmt in filter(is_bad_format, formats):
             fmt['preference'] = (fmt.get('preference') or -1) - 10
-            fmt['format_note'] = join_nonempty(fmt.get('format_note'), '(Last 4 hours)', delim=' ')
+            fmt['format_note'] = join_nonempty(fmt.get('format_note'), '(Last 2 hours)', delim=' ')
 
         if needs_live_processing:
             self._prepare_live_from_start_formats(
@@ -4119,6 +4252,8 @@ def is_bad_format(fmt):
 
         formats.extend(self._extract_storyboard(player_responses, duration))
 
+        channel_handle = self.handle_from_url(owner_profile_url)
+
         info = {
             'id': video_id,
             'title': video_title,
@@ -4128,11 +4263,8 @@ def is_bad_format(fmt):
             # URL checking if user don't care about getting the best possible thumbnail
             'thumbnail': traverse_obj(original_thumbnails, (-1, 'url')),
             'description': video_description,
-            'uploader': get_first(video_details, 'author'),
-            'uploader_id': self._search_regex(r'/(?:channel/|user/|(?=@))([^/?&#]+)', owner_profile_url, 'uploader id', default=None),
-            'uploader_url': owner_profile_url,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
-            'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s'),
+            'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s', default=None),
             'duration': duration,
             'view_count': int_or_none(
                 get_first((video_details, microformats), (..., 'viewCount'))
@@ -4204,9 +4336,13 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                             continue
                         trans_code += f'-{lang_code}'
                         trans_name += format_field(lang_name, None, ' from %s')
-                    # Add an "-orig" label to the original language so that it can be distinguished.
-                    # The subs are returned without "-orig" as well for compatibility
                     if lang_code == f'a-{orig_trans_code}':
+                        # Set audio language based on original subtitles
+                        for f in formats:
+                            if f.get('acodec') != 'none' and not f.get('language'):
+                                f['language'] = orig_trans_code
+                        # Add an "-orig" label to the original language so that it can be distinguished.
+                        # The subs are returned without "-orig" as well for compatibility
                         process_language(
                             automatic_captions, base_url, f'{trans_code}-orig', f'{trans_name} (Original)', {})
                     # Setting tlang=lang returns damaged subtitles.
@@ -4226,15 +4362,21 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                         info[d_k] = parse_duration(query[k][0])
 
         # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
-        if video_description:
+        if (video_description or '').strip().endswith('\nAuto-generated by YouTube.'):
+            # XXX: Causes catastrophic backtracking if description has "·"
+            # E.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoPaAxMQoiI
+            # Simulating atomic groups:  (?P<a>[^xy]+)x  =>  (?=(?P<a>[^xy]+))(?P=a)x
+            # reduces it, but does not fully fix it. https://regex101.com/r/8Ssf2h/2
             mobj = re.search(
                 r'''(?xs)
-                    (?P<track>[^·\n]+)·(?P<artist>[^\n]+)\n+
-                    (?P<album>[^\n]+)
+                    (?=(?P<track>[^\n·]+))(?P=track)·
+                    (?=(?P<artist>[^\n]+))(?P=artist)\n+
+                    (?=(?P<album>[^\n]+))(?P=album)\n
                     (?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?
                     (?:.+?Released on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?
-                    (.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))?
-                    .+\nAuto-generated\ by\ YouTube\.\s*$
+                    (.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*
+                        (?=(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))(?P=clean_artist)\n
+                    )?.+\nAuto-generated\ by\ YouTube\.\s*$
                 ''', video_description)
             if mobj:
                 release_year = mobj.group('release_year')
@@ -4295,6 +4437,8 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                 or self._extract_chapters_from_description(video_description, duration)
                 or None)
 
+            info['heatmap'] = self._extract_heatmap(initial_data)
+
         contents = traverse_obj(
             initial_data, ('contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'results', 'results', 'contents'),
             expected_type=list, default=[])
@@ -4361,6 +4505,13 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                 'channel': self._get_text(vor, 'title'),
                 'channel_follower_count': self._get_count(vor, 'subscriberCountText')})
 
+            if not channel_handle:
+                channel_handle = self.handle_from_url(
+                    traverse_obj(vor, (
+                        ('navigationEndpoint', ('title', 'runs', ..., 'navigationEndpoint')),
+                        (('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl')),
+                        {str}), get_all=False))
+
             rows = try_get(
                 vsir,
                 lambda x: x['metadataRowContainer']['metadataRowContainerRenderer']['rows'],
@@ -4386,13 +4537,15 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
                         info['artist'] = mrr_contents_text
                     elif mrr_title == 'Song':
                         info['track'] = mrr_contents_text
+            owner_badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(vsir, ('owner', 'videoOwnerRenderer', 'badges')))
+            if self._has_badge(owner_badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED):
+                info['channel_is_verified'] = True
 
-        fallbacks = {
-            'channel': 'uploader',
-            'channel_id': 'uploader_id',
-            'channel_url': 'uploader_url',
-        }
-
+        info.update({
+            'uploader': info.get('channel'),
+            'uploader_id': channel_handle,
+            'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
+        })
         # The upload date for scheduled, live and past live streams / premieres in microformats
         # may be different from the stream date. Although not in UTC, we will prefer it in this case.
         # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/2223#issuecomment-1008485139
@@ -4404,19 +4557,23 @@ def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
             and 'no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date' not in self.get_param('compat_opts', [])
         ):
             upload_date = strftime_or_none(
-                self._parse_time_text(self._get_text(vpir, 'dateText')), '%Y%m%d') or upload_date
+                self._parse_time_text(self._get_text(vpir, 'dateText'))) or upload_date
         info['upload_date'] = upload_date
 
-        for to, frm in fallbacks.items():
-            if not info.get(to):
-                info[to] = info.get(frm)
+        if upload_date and live_status not in ('is_live', 'post_live', 'is_upcoming'):
+            # Newly uploaded videos' HLS formats are potentially problematic and need to be checked
+            upload_datetime = datetime_from_str(upload_date).replace(tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
+            if upload_datetime >= datetime_from_str('today-1day'):
+                for fmt in info['formats']:
+                    if fmt.get('protocol') == 'm3u8_native':
+                        fmt['__needs_testing'] = True
 
         for s_k, d_k in [('artist', 'creator'), ('track', 'alt_title')]:
             v = info.get(s_k)
             if v:
                 info[d_k] = v
 
-        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'videoPrimaryInfoRenderer'), get_all=False))
+        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(vpir, 'badges'))
 
         is_private = (self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE)
                       or get_first(video_details, 'isPrivate', expected_type=bool))
@@ -4486,22 +4643,41 @@ def _extract_basic_item_renderer(item):
                 return renderer
 
     def _extract_channel_renderer(self, renderer):
-        channel_id = renderer['channelId']
+        channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(renderer['channelId'])
         title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')
-        channel_url = f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}'
+        channel_url = format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s', default=None)
+        channel_handle = self.handle_from_url(
+            traverse_obj(renderer, (
+                'navigationEndpoint', (('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
+                                       ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl')),
+                {str}), get_all=False))
+        if not channel_handle:
+            # As of 2023-06-01, YouTube sets subscriberCountText to the handle in search
+            channel_handle = self.handle_or_none(self._get_text(renderer, 'subscriberCountText'))
         return {
             '_type': 'url',
             'url': channel_url,
             'id': channel_id,
             'ie_key': YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(),
             'channel': title,
+            'uploader': title,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
             'channel_url': channel_url,
             'title': title,
-            'channel_follower_count': self._get_count(renderer, 'subscriberCountText'),
+            'uploader_id': channel_handle,
+            'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
+            # See above. YouTube sets videoCountText to the subscriber text in search channel renderers.
+            # However, in feed/channels this is set correctly to the subscriber count
+            'channel_follower_count': traverse_obj(
+                renderer, 'subscriberCountText', 'videoCountText', expected_type=self._get_count),
             'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail'),
-            'playlist_count': self._get_count(renderer, 'videoCountText'),
+            'playlist_count': (
+                # videoCountText may be the subscriber count
+                self._get_count(renderer, 'videoCountText')
+                if self._get_count(renderer, 'subscriberCountText') is not None else None),
             'description': self._get_text(renderer, 'descriptionSnippet'),
+            'channel_is_verified': True if self._has_badge(
+                self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(renderer, 'ownerBadges')), BadgeType.VERIFIED) else None,
         }
 
     def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
@@ -4545,8 +4721,11 @@ def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
     def _music_reponsive_list_entry(self, renderer):
         video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('playlistItemData', 'videoId'))
         if video_id:
+            title = traverse_obj(renderer, (
+                'flexColumns', 0, 'musicResponsiveListItemFlexColumnRenderer',
+                'text', 'runs', 0, 'text'))
             return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
-                                   ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
+                                   ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id, title=title)
         playlist_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'playlistId'))
         if playlist_id:
             video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'))
@@ -4605,11 +4784,19 @@ def _playlist_entries(self, video_list_renderer):
 
     def _rich_entries(self, rich_grid_renderer):
         renderer = traverse_obj(
-            rich_grid_renderer, ('content', ('videoRenderer', 'reelItemRenderer')), get_all=False) or {}
+            rich_grid_renderer,
+            ('content', ('videoRenderer', 'reelItemRenderer', 'playlistRenderer')), get_all=False) or {}
         video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
-        if not video_id:
+        if video_id:
+            yield self._extract_video(renderer)
+            return
+        playlist_id = renderer.get('playlistId')
+        if playlist_id:
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
+                ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
+                video_title=self._get_text(renderer, 'title'))
             return
-        yield self._extract_video(renderer)
 
     def _video_entry(self, video_renderer):
         video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
@@ -4725,7 +4912,8 @@ def _extract_entries(self, parent_renderer, continuation_list):
                     'videoRenderer': lambda x: [self._video_entry(x)],
                     'playlistRenderer': lambda x: self._grid_entries({'items': [{'playlistRenderer': x}]}),
                     'channelRenderer': lambda x: self._grid_entries({'items': [{'channelRenderer': x}]}),
-                    'hashtagTileRenderer': lambda x: [self._hashtag_tile_entry(x)]
+                    'hashtagTileRenderer': lambda x: [self._hashtag_tile_entry(x)],
+                    'richGridRenderer': lambda x: self._extract_entries(x, continuation_list),
                 }
                 for key, renderer in isr_content.items():
                     if key not in known_renderers:
@@ -4753,10 +4941,15 @@ def _entries(self, tab, item_id, ytcfg, account_syncid, visitor_data):
             or try_get(tab_content, lambda x: x['richGridRenderer'], dict) or {})
         yield from extract_entries(parent_renderer)
         continuation = continuation_list[0]
-
+        seen_continuations = set()
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
             if not continuation:
                 break
+            continuation_token = continuation.get('continuation')
+            if continuation_token is not None and continuation_token in seen_continuations:
+                self.write_debug('Detected YouTube feed looping - assuming end of feed.')
+                break
+            seen_continuations.add(continuation_token)
             headers = self.generate_api_headers(
                 ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=account_syncid, visitor_data=visitor_data)
             response = self._extract_response(
@@ -4837,13 +5030,14 @@ def _extract_metadata_from_tabs(self, item_id, data):
 
         metadata_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('metadata', 'channelMetadataRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
         if metadata_renderer:
+            channel_id = traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, ('externalId', {self.ucid_or_none}),
+                                      ('channelUrl', {self.ucid_from_url}))
             info.update({
-                'uploader': metadata_renderer.get('title'),
-                'uploader_id': metadata_renderer.get('externalId'),
-                'uploader_url': metadata_renderer.get('channelUrl'),
+                'channel': metadata_renderer.get('title'),
+                'channel_id': channel_id,
             })
-            if info['uploader_id']:
-                info['id'] = info['uploader_id']
+            if info['channel_id']:
+                info['id'] = info['channel_id']
         else:
             metadata_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('metadata', 'playlistMetadataRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
 
@@ -4896,6 +5090,19 @@ def _get_uncropped(url):
             'thumbnails': (primary_thumbnails or playlist_thumbnails) + avatar_thumbnails + channel_banners,
         })
 
+        channel_handle = (
+            traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, (('vanityChannelUrl', ('ownerUrls', ...)), {self.handle_from_url}), get_all=False)
+            or traverse_obj(data, ('header', ..., 'channelHandleText', {self.handle_or_none}), get_all=False))
+
+        if channel_handle:
+            info.update({
+                'uploader_id': channel_handle,
+                'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
+            })
+
+        channel_badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(data, ('header', ..., 'badges'), get_all=False))
+        if self._has_badge(channel_badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED):
+            info['channel_is_verified'] = True
         # Playlist stats is a text runs array containing [video count, view count, last updated].
         # last updated or (view count and last updated) may be missing.
         playlist_stats = get_first(
@@ -4904,7 +5111,7 @@ def _get_uncropped(url):
         last_updated_unix = self._parse_time_text(
             self._get_text(playlist_stats, 2)  # deprecated, remove when old layout discontinued
             or self._get_text(playlist_header_renderer, ('byline', 1, 'playlistBylineRenderer', 'text')))
-        info['modified_date'] = strftime_or_none(last_updated_unix, '%Y%m%d')
+        info['modified_date'] = strftime_or_none(last_updated_unix)
 
         info['view_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_stats, 1)
         if info['view_count'] is None:  # 0 is allowed
@@ -4918,7 +5125,7 @@ def _get_uncropped(url):
         if info['playlist_count'] is None:  # 0 is allowed
             info['playlist_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_header_renderer, ('byline', 0, 'playlistBylineRenderer', 'text'))
 
-        if not info.get('uploader_id'):
+        if not info.get('channel_id'):
             owner = traverse_obj(playlist_header_renderer, 'ownerText')
             if not owner:  # Deprecated
                 owner = traverse_obj(
@@ -4927,16 +5134,17 @@ def _get_uncropped(url):
             owner_text = self._get_text(owner)
             browse_ep = traverse_obj(owner, ('runs', 0, 'navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint')) or {}
             info.update({
-                'uploader': self._search_regex(r'^by (.+) and \d+ others?$', owner_text, 'uploader', default=owner_text),
-                'uploader_id': browse_ep.get('browseId'),
-                'uploader_url': urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', browse_ep.get('canonicalBaseUrl'))
+                'channel': self._search_regex(r'^by (.+) and \d+ others?$', owner_text, 'uploader', default=owner_text),
+                'channel_id': self.ucid_or_none(browse_ep.get('browseId')),
+                'uploader_id': self.handle_from_url(urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', browse_ep.get('canonicalBaseUrl')))
             })
 
         info.update({
-            'channel': info['uploader'],
-            'channel_id': info['uploader_id'],
-            'channel_url': info['uploader_url']
+            'uploader': info['channel'],
+            'channel_url': format_field(info.get('channel_id'), None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s', default=None),
+            'uploader_url': format_field(info.get('uploader_id'), None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
         })
+
         return info
 
     def _extract_inline_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg):
@@ -5003,7 +5211,7 @@ def _extract_availability(self, data):
         playlist_header_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('header', 'playlistHeaderRenderer')) or {}
         player_header_privacy = playlist_header_renderer.get('privacy')
 
-        badges = self._extract_badges(sidebar_renderer)
+        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(sidebar_renderer, 'badges'))
 
         # Personal playlists, when authenticated, have a dropdown visibility selector instead of a badge
         privacy_setting_icon = get_first(
@@ -5075,7 +5283,7 @@ def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id, fatal=True):
                 data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(item_id, webpage or '', fatal=fatal) or {}
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
-                    if not isinstance(e.cause, urllib.error.HTTPError) or e.cause.code not in (403, 429):
+                    if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status not in (403, 429):
                         retry.error = e
                         continue
                 self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
@@ -5213,12 +5421,12 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Igor Kleiner - Playlists',
             'description': 'md5:be97ee0f14ee314f1f002cf187166ee2',
             'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
+            'uploader_id': '@IgorDataScience',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@IgorDataScience',
             'channel': 'Igor Kleiner',
             'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
             'tags': ['"критическое', 'мышление"', '"наука', 'просто"', 'математика', '"анализ', 'данных"'],
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
             'channel_follower_count': int
         },
     }, {
@@ -5229,9 +5437,9 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
             'title': 'Igor Kleiner - Playlists',
             'description': 'md5:be97ee0f14ee314f1f002cf187166ee2',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
             'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
+            'uploader_id': '@IgorDataScience',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@IgorDataScience',
             'tags': ['"критическое', 'мышление"', '"наука', 'просто"', 'математика', '"анализ', 'данных"'],
             'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
             'channel': 'Igor Kleiner',
@@ -5246,14 +5454,15 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'title': '3Blue1Brown - Playlists',
             'description': 'md5:e1384e8a133307dd10edee76e875d62f',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
             'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
             'tags': ['Mathematics'],
-            'channel_follower_count': int
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'playlists, singlepage',
@@ -5264,10 +5473,10 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'title': 'ThirstForScience - Playlists',
             'description': 'md5:609399d937ea957b0f53cbffb747a14c',
             'uploader': 'ThirstForScience',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ThirstForScience',
+            'uploader_id': '@ThirstForScience',
             'channel_id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
             'tags': 'count:13',
             'channel': 'ThirstForScience',
             'channel_follower_count': int
@@ -5279,8 +5488,6 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'note': 'basic, single video playlist',
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
         'info_dict': {
-            'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
             'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
             'title': 'youtube-dl public playlist',
             'description': '',
@@ -5289,17 +5496,17 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'modified_date': '20201130',
             'channel': 'Sergey M.',
             'channel_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sergeym.6173',
+            'uploader_id': '@sergeym.6173',
         },
         'playlist_count': 1,
     }, {
         'note': 'empty playlist',
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
         'info_dict': {
-            'uploader_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
             'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
             'title': 'youtube-dl empty playlist',
             'tags': [],
@@ -5308,8 +5515,10 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'modified_date': '20160902',
             'channel_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sergeym.6173',
+            'uploader_id': '@sergeym.6173',
+            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
         },
         'playlist_count': 0,
     }, {
@@ -5320,10 +5529,10 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'title': 'lex will - Home',
             'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
             'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
             'channel': 'lex will',
             'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'channel_follower_count': int
@@ -5337,11 +5546,11 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'title': 'lex will - Videos',
             'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
             'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
             'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
             'channel': 'lex will',
             'channel_follower_count': int
         },
@@ -5354,9 +5563,9 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'title': 'lex will - Videos',
             'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
             'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
             'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
             'channel': 'lex will',
             'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
@@ -5371,8 +5580,8 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'title': 'lex will - Playlists',
             'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
             'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
             'channel': 'lex will',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
@@ -5387,14 +5596,14 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'title': 'lex will - Community',
             'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
-            'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'channel': 'lex will',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'channel_follower_count': int
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
+            'uploader': 'lex will',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 18,
     }, {
@@ -5404,14 +5613,14 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'title': 'lex will - Channels',
             'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
-            'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'channel': 'lex will',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
             'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'channel_follower_count': int
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
+            'uploader': 'lex will',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 12,
     }, {
@@ -5422,14 +5631,15 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'title': '3Blue1Brown - Search - linear algebra',
             'description': 'md5:e1384e8a133307dd10edee76e875d62f',
-            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'tags': ['Mathematics'],
             'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
             'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'channel_follower_count': int
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
@@ -5446,17 +5656,17 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'title': '29C3: Not my department',
             'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
-            'uploader': 'Christiaan008',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
             'description': 'md5:a14dc1a8ef8307a9807fe136a0660268',
             'tags': [],
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChRiStIaAn008',
             'view_count': int,
             'modified_date': '20150605',
             'channel_id': 'UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChRiStIaAn008',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
             'channel': 'Christiaan008',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_id': '@ChRiStIaAn008',
+            'uploader': 'Christiaan008',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ChRiStIaAn008',
         },
         'playlist_count': 96,
     }, {
@@ -5465,17 +5675,17 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
             'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
-            'uploader': 'Cauchemar',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/Cauchemar89',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
             'tags': [],
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
             'channel': 'Cauchemar',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/Cauchemar89',
             'view_count': int,
             'description': '',
             'channel_id': 'UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_id': '@Cauchemar89',
+            'uploader': 'Cauchemar',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Cauchemar89',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 1123,
         'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
@@ -5489,17 +5699,17 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
             'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
-            'uploader': 'Interstellar Movie',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/InterstellarMovie',
             'tags': [],
             'view_count': int,
             'channel_id': 'UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/InterstellarMovie',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
             'channel': 'Interstellar Movie',
             'description': '',
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_id': '@InterstellarMovie',
+            'uploader': 'Interstellar Movie',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@InterstellarMovie',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 21,
     }, {
@@ -5508,17 +5718,17 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'Uploads from Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
             'id': 'UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
-            'uploader': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
             'view_count': int,
             'channel': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
             'tags': [],
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
             'description': '',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
             'channel_id': 'UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@phimsieunhannhatban',
+            'uploader_id': '@phimsieunhannhatban',
+            'uploader': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 200,
         'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
@@ -5528,17 +5738,17 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'Uploads from BlankTV',
             'id': 'UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
-            'uploader': 'BlankTV',
-            'uploader_id': 'UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
             'channel': 'BlankTV',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/blanktv',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
             'channel_id': 'UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
             'view_count': int,
             'tags': [],
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/blanktv',
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
             'description': '',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_id': '@blanktv',
+            'uploader': 'BlankTV',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@blanktv',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 1000,
         'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
@@ -5548,17 +5758,17 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'Data Analysis with Dr Mike Pound',
             'id': 'PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
-            'uploader_id': 'UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
-            'uploader': 'Computerphile',
             'description': 'md5:7f567c574d13d3f8c0954d9ffee4e487',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/Computerphile',
             'tags': [],
             'view_count': int,
             'channel_id': 'UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/Computerphile',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
             'channel': 'Computerphile',
             'availability': 'public',
             'modified_date': '20190712',
+            'uploader_id': '@Computerphile',
+            'uploader': 'Computerphile',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Computerphile',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 11,
     }, {
@@ -5571,9 +5781,6 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
             'ext': 'webm',
             'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
-            'uploader': 'STREEM',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
-            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCyPhqAZgwYWZfxElWVbVJng',
             'upload_date': '20150526',
             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
             'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
@@ -5596,12 +5803,9 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ/live',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'Wq15eF5vCbI',  # This will keep changing
+            'id': 'hGkQjiJLjWQ',  # This will keep changing
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': str,
-            'uploader': 'Sky News',
-            'uploader_id': 'skynews',
-            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/skynews',
             'upload_date': r're:\d{8}',
             'description': str,
             'categories': ['News & Politics'],
@@ -5620,6 +5824,10 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@SkyNews',
+            'uploader_id': '@SkyNews',
+            'uploader': 'Sky News',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -5631,9 +5839,6 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
-            'uploader': 'The Young Turks',
-            'uploader_id': 'TheYoungTurks',
-            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/TheYoungTurks',
             'upload_date': '20150715',
             'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
             'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
@@ -5714,41 +5919,40 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/VLPLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'PLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
-            'uploader': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
             'description': 'Providing you with copyright free / safe music for gaming, live streaming, studying and more!',
-            'uploader_id': 'UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
             'title': 'NCS : All Releases 💿',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/NoCopyrightSounds',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/NoCopyrightSounds',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
             'view_count': int,
             'channel_id': 'UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
             'tags': [],
             'channel': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NoCopyrightSounds',
+            'uploader': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
+            'uploader_id': '@NoCopyrightSounds',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 166,
-        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
+        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden', 'YouTube Music is not directly supported'],
     }, {
+        # TODO: fix 'unviewable' issue with this playlist when reloading with unavailable videos
         'note': 'Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
         'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-            'uploader_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
             'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
-            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
             'tags': [],
             'channel_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
             'channel': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
             'view_count': int,
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
             'description': '',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 101,
+        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported', r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
     }, {
         # Destination channel with only a hidden self tab (tab id is UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg)
         # Treat as a general feed
@@ -5772,12 +5976,11 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
         },
         'playlist_count': 50,
+        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported'],
     }, {
         'note': 'unlisted single video playlist',
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
         'info_dict': {
-            'uploader_id': 'UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
-            'uploader': 'colethedj',
             'id': 'PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
             'title': 'yt-dlp unlisted playlist test',
             'availability': 'unlisted',
@@ -5786,11 +5989,31 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'channel': 'colethedj',
             'view_count': int,
             'description': '',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
             'channel_id': 'UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@colethedj1894',
+            'uploader_id': '@colethedj1894',
+            'uploader': 'colethedj',
         },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
+                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'ie_key': 'Youtube',
+                'duration': 10,
+                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
+                'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+                'uploader_id': '@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+            }
+        }],
         'playlist_count': 1,
+        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
     }, {
         'note': 'API Fallback: Recommended - redirects to home page. Requires visitorData',
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
@@ -5811,13 +6034,10 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
             'title': 'Cody\'sLab - Videos',
             'description': 'md5:d083b7c2f0c67ee7a6c74c3e9b4243fa',
-            'uploader': 'Cody\'sLab',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
             'channel': 'Cody\'sLab',
             'channel_id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
             'tags': [],
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
             'channel_follower_count': int
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 650,
@@ -5831,9 +6051,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-            'uploader_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
             'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
-            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
             'channel_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
             'description': '',
@@ -5841,14 +6059,15 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'tags': [],
             'channel': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
             'view_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 101,
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
             'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}}
         },
+        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported', r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
     }, {
         'note': 'non-standard redirect to regional channel',
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwVVpHQ2Cs9iGJfpdFngePQ',
@@ -5861,15 +6080,15 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'modified_date': '20220407',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
             'tags': [],
-            'uploader_id': 'UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
-            'uploader': 'pukkandan',
             'availability': 'unlisted',
             'channel_id': 'UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
             'channel': 'pukkandan',
             'description': 'Test for collaborative playlist',
             'title': 'yt-dlp test - collaborative playlist',
             'view_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@pukkandan',
+            'uploader_id': '@pukkandan',
+            'uploader': 'pukkandan',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 2
     }, {
@@ -5878,14 +6097,14 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'tags': [],
-            'uploader_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'description': 'test description',
             'title': 'cole-dlp-test-acc - 再生リスト',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
             'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 1,
         'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['ja']}}},
@@ -5899,14 +6118,14 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'tags': [],
             'view_count': int,
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
             'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'description': 'test',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'title': 'dlp test playlist',
             'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 1,
         'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['ja']}}},
@@ -5958,29 +6177,30 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'channel_follower_count': int,
             'channel_id': 'UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
-            'uploader': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
-            'description': 'md5:3b8df1ac5af337aa206e37ee3d181ec9',
+            'description': 'md5:e56b74b5bb7e9c701522162e9abfb822',
             'channel': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
             'tags': 'count:35',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@OmaruPolka',
+            'uploader': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
+            'uploader_id': '@OmaruPolka',
         },
         'playlist_count': 3,
     }, {
         # Shorts tab with channel with handle
+        # TODO: fix channel description
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NotJustBikes/shorts',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
             'title': 'Not Just Bikes - Shorts',
             'tags': 'count:12',
-            'uploader': 'Not Just Bikes',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
-            'description': 'md5:7513148b1f02b924783157d84c4ea555',
+            'description': 'md5:26bc55af26855a608a5cf89dfa595c8d',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'uploader_id': 'UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
             'channel_id': 'UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
             'channel': 'Not Just Bikes',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NotJustBikes',
+            'uploader': 'Not Just Bikes',
+            'uploader_id': '@NotJustBikes',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 10,
     }, {
@@ -5992,12 +6212,12 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'tags': 'count:7',
             'channel_id': 'UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
-            'uploader_id': 'UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
             'channel': '中村悠一',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'uploader': '中村悠一',
             'description': 'md5:e744f6c93dafa7a03c0c6deecb157300',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Yuichi-Nakamura',
+            'uploader_id': '@Yuichi-Nakamura',
+            'uploader': '中村悠一',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 60,
     }, {
@@ -6016,15 +6236,15 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
             'title': 'Shorts Break - Shorts',
-            'tags': 'count:32',
+            'tags': 'count:48',
             'channel_id': 'UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
             'channel': 'Shorts Break',
-            'description': 'md5:a6c234cf3d50d878ef8721e34457cd11',
-            'uploader': 'Shorts Break',
+            'description': 'md5:6de33c5e7ba686e5f3efd4e19c7ef499',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'uploader_id': 'UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ShortsBreak_Official',
+            'uploader': 'Shorts Break',
+            'uploader_id': '@ShortsBreak_Official',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 30,
     }, {
@@ -6047,30 +6267,28 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'playlist_mincount': 30,
     }, {
         # Shorts url result in shorts tab
+        # TODO: Fix channel id extraction
         'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA/shorts',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'title': 'cole-dlp-test-acc - Shorts',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
             'description': 'test description',
             'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'tags': [],
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
             'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-
         },
         'playlist': [{
             'info_dict': {
+                # Channel data is not currently available for short renderers (as of 2023-03-01)
                 '_type': 'url',
                 'ie_key': 'Youtube',
                 'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/sSM9J5YH_60',
                 'id': 'sSM9J5YH_60',
-                'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
                 'title': 'SHORT short',
-                'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'thumbnails': list,
             }
@@ -6096,6 +6314,10 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_url': str,
                 'concurrent_view_count': int,
                 'channel': str,
+                'uploader': str,
+                'uploader_url': str,
+                'uploader_id': str,
+                'channel_is_verified': bool,  # this will keep changing
             }
         }],
         'params': {'extract_flat': True, 'playlist_items': '1'},
@@ -6106,15 +6328,14 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'title': 'cole-dlp-test-acc - Channels',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
             'description': 'test description',
             'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
             'tags': [],
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
             'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-
         },
         'playlist': [{
             'info_dict': {
@@ -6128,7 +6349,11 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw',
                 'thumbnails': list,
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'playlist_count': int
+                'playlist_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'PewDiePie',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PewDiePie',
+                'uploader_id': '@PewDiePie',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
             }
         }],
         'params': {'extract_flat': True},
@@ -6138,17 +6363,75 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'tags': ['Mathematics'],
             'title': '3Blue1Brown - About',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
             'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
-            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
             'view_count': int,
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
             'description': 'md5:e1384e8a133307dd10edee76e875d62f',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
         },
         'playlist_count': 0,
+    }, {
+        # Podcasts tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast/podcasts',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
+            'channel_id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
+            'description': 'md5:3a0ed38f1ad42a68ef0428c04a15695c',
+            'title': '99 Percent Invisible - Podcasts',
+            'uploader': '99 Percent Invisible',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
+            'tags': [],
+            'channel': '99 Percent Invisible',
+            'uploader_id': '@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+    }, {
+        # Releases tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers (same as Podcasts tab)
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AHimitsu/releases',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
+            'channel': 'A Himitsu',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AHimitsu',
+            'title': 'A Himitsu - Releases',
+            'uploader_id': '@AHimitsu',
+            'uploader': 'A Himitsu',
+            'channel_id': 'UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
+            'tags': 'count:16',
+            'description': 'I make music',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 10,
+    }, {
+        # Playlist with only shorts, shown as reel renderers
+        # FIXME: future: YouTube currently doesn't give continuation for this,
+        # may do in future.
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UUxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': '@BangyShorts',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BangyShorts',
+            'channel_id': 'UCxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
+            'channel': 'Bangy Shorts',
+            'uploader': 'Bangy Shorts',
+            'tags': [],
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'modified_date': '20230626',
+            'title': 'Uploads from Bangy Shorts',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 100,
+        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
     }]
 
     @classmethod
@@ -6365,15 +6648,15 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
             'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
             'uploader': 'Wickman',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
+            'uploader_id': '@WickmanVT',
             'description': 'md5:8fa6f52abb47a9552002fa3ddfc57fc2',
             'view_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/WickmanVT',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WickmanVT',
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
             'channel_id': 'UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
             'channel': 'Wickman',
             'tags': [],
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/WickmanVT',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
             'availability': 'public',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 29,
@@ -6393,7 +6676,7 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'JODA15',
             'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
             'uploader': 'milan',
-            'uploader_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
+            'uploader_id': '@milan5503',
             'description': '',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
             'tags': [],
@@ -6401,7 +6684,7 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'channel': 'milan',
             'channel_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@milan5503',
             'availability': 'public',
         },
         'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos? (is|are|will be) hidden'],
@@ -6412,13 +6695,13 @@ class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
             'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
             'uploader': 'LBK',
-            'uploader_id': 'UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
+            'uploader_id': '@music_king',
             'description': 'md5:da521864744d60a198e3a88af4db0d9d',
             'channel': 'LBK',
             'view_count': int,
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/愛低音的國王',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
             'tags': [],
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/愛低音的國王',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@music_king',
             'channel_id': 'UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
             'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
             'availability': 'public',
@@ -6464,8 +6747,8 @@ class YoutubeYtBeIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
             'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
-            'uploader_id': 'backuspagemuseum',
-            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/user/backuspagemuseum',
+            'uploader_id': '@backuspagemuseum',
+            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/@backuspagemuseum',
             'upload_date': '20161008',
             'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
             'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
@@ -6473,7 +6756,7 @@ class YoutubeYtBeIE(InfoExtractor):
             'like_count': int,
             'age_limit': 0,
             'playable_in_embed': True,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/yeWKywCrFtk/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.webp',
             'channel': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
             'channel_id': 'UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
             'live_status': 'not_live',
@@ -6589,7 +6872,7 @@ def _extract_notification_renderer(self, notification):
         if not video_id:
             browse_ep = traverse_obj(
                 notification, ('navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint'), expected_type=dict)
-            channel_id = traverse_obj(browse_ep, 'browseId', expected_type=str)
+            channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(traverse_obj(browse_ep, 'browseId', expected_type=str))
             post_id = self._search_regex(
                 r'/post/(.+)', traverse_obj(browse_ep, 'canonicalBaseUrl', expected_type=str),
                 'post id', default=None)
@@ -6619,6 +6902,7 @@ def _extract_notification_renderer(self, notification):
             'title': title,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
             'channel': channel,
+            'uploader': channel,
             'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(notification, 'videoThumbnail'),
             'timestamp': timestamp,
         }
@@ -6721,9 +7005,15 @@ class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:4ae48dfa9505ffc307dad26342d06bfc',
                 'title': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
                 'channel_id': 'UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
-                'playlist_count': int,  # XXX: should have a way of saying > 1
+                # No longer available for search as it is set to the handle.
+                # 'playlist_count': int,
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
-                'thumbnails': list
+                'thumbnails': list,
+                'uploader_id': '@kurzgesagt',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@kurzgesagt',
+                'uploader': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
             }
         }],
         'params': {'extract_flat': True, 'playlist_items': '1'},
@@ -6866,22 +7156,6 @@ class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
     }]
 
 
-class YoutubeStoriesIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube channel stories; "ytstories:" prefix'
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:stories'
-    _VALID_URL = r'ytstories:UC(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_-]{21}[AQgw])$'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'ytstories:UCwFCb4jeqaKWnciAYM-ZVHg',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        playlist_id = f'RLTD{self._match_id(url)}'
-        return self.url_result(
-            smuggle_url(f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}&playnext=1', {'is_story': True}),
-            ie=YoutubeTabIE, video_id=playlist_id)
-
-
 class YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)'
     IE_NAME = 'youtube:shorts:pivot:audio'
@@ -6981,11 +7255,14 @@ class YoutubeClipIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Mobile Games on Console - Scott The Woz',
             'upload_date': '20210920',
             'uploader': 'Scott The Woz',
-            'uploader_id': 'scottthewoz',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/scottthewoz',
+            'uploader_id': '@ScottTheWoz',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ScottTheWoz',
             'view_count': int,
             'live_status': 'not_live',
-            'channel_follower_count': int
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'chapters': 'count:20',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
         }
     }]
 
@@ -7023,13 +7300,13 @@ class YoutubeConsentRedirectIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'id': 'qVv6vCqciTM',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'age_limit': 0,
-            'uploader_id': 'UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
+            'uploader_id': '@sana_natori',
             'comment_count': int,
             'chapters': 'count:13',
             'upload_date': '20221223',
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qVv6vCqciTM/maxresdefault.jpg',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sana_natori',
             'like_count': int,
             'release_date': '20221223',
             'tags': ['Vtuber', '月ノ美兎', '名取さな', 'にじさんじ', 'クリスマス', '3D配信'],
@@ -7046,6 +7323,8 @@ class YoutubeConsentRedirectIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
             'channel': 'さなちゃんねる',
             'description': 'md5:6aebf95cc4a1d731aebc01ad6cc9806d',
             'uploader': 'さなちゃんねる',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
         },
         'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
         'params': {'skip_download': 'Youtube'},
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..2b6221da2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+import base64
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    extract_attributes,
+    int_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    unescapeHTML,
+    url_basename,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class ZaikoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _download_real_webpage(self, url, video_id):
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
+        final_url = urlh.url
+        if 'zaiko.io/login' in final_url:
+            self.raise_login_required()
+        elif '/_buy/' in final_url:
+            raise ExtractorError('Your account does not have tickets to this event', expected=True)
+        return webpage
+
+    def _parse_vue_element_attr(self, name, string, video_id):
+        page_elem = self._search_regex(rf'(<{name}[^>]+>)', string, name)
+        attrs = {}
+        for key, value in extract_attributes(page_elem).items():
+            if key.startswith(':'):
+                attrs[key[1:]] = self._parse_json(
+                    value, video_id, transform_source=unescapeHTML, fatal=False)
+        return attrs
+
+
+class ZaikoIE(ZaikoBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[\w-]+\.)?zaiko\.io/event/(?P<id>\d+)/stream(?:/\d+)+'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://zaiko.io/event/324868/stream/20571/20571',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '324868',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'ZAIKO STREAMING TEST',
+            'alt_title': '[VOD] ZAIKO STREAMING TEST_20210603(Do Not Delete)',
+            'uploader_id': '454',
+            'uploader': 'ZAIKO ZERO',
+            'release_timestamp': 1583809200,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https://[\w.-]+/\w+/\w+',
+            'thumbnails': 'maxcount:2',
+            'release_date': '20200310',
+            'categories': ['Tech House'],
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'Your account does not have tickets to this event',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        webpage = self._download_real_webpage(url, video_id)
+        stream_meta = self._parse_vue_element_attr('stream-page', webpage, video_id)
+
+        player_page = self._download_webpage(
+            stream_meta['stream-access']['video_source'], video_id,
+            'Downloading player page', headers={'referer': 'https://zaiko.io/'})
+        player_meta = self._parse_vue_element_attr('player', player_page, video_id)
+        status = traverse_obj(player_meta, ('initial_event_info', 'status', {str}))
+        live_status, msg, expected = {
+            'vod': ('was_live', 'No VOD stream URL was found', False),
+            'archiving': ('post_live', 'Event VOD is still being processed', True),
+            'deleting': ('post_live', 'This event has ended', True),
+            'deleted': ('post_live', 'This event has ended', True),
+            'error': ('post_live', 'This event has ended', True),
+            'disconnected': ('post_live', 'Stream has been disconnected', True),
+            'live_to_disconnected': ('post_live', 'Stream has been disconnected', True),
+            'live': ('is_live', 'No livestream URL found was found', False),
+            'waiting': ('is_upcoming', 'Live event has not yet started', True),
+            'cancelled': ('not_live', 'Event has been cancelled', True),
+        }.get(status) or ('not_live', f'Unknown event status "{status}"', False)
+
+        stream_url = traverse_obj(player_meta, ('initial_event_info', 'endpoint', {url_or_none}))
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            stream_url, video_id, live=True, fatal=False) if stream_url else []
+        if not formats:
+            self.raise_no_formats(msg, expected=expected)
+
+        thumbnail_urls = [
+            traverse_obj(player_meta, ('initial_event_info', 'poster_url')),
+            self._og_search_thumbnail(self._download_webpage(
+                f'https://zaiko.io/event/{video_id}', video_id, 'Downloading event page', fatal=False) or ''),
+        ]
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            **traverse_obj(stream_meta, {
+                'title': ('event', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('profile', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('profile', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('stream', 'start', 'timestamp', {int_or_none}),
+                'categories': ('event', 'genres', ..., {lambda x: x or None}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(player_meta, ('initial_event_info', {
+                'alt_title': ('title', {str}),
+            })),
+            'thumbnails': [{'url': url, 'id': url_basename(url)} for url in thumbnail_urls if url_or_none(url)]
+        }
+
+
+class ZaikoETicketIE(ZaikoBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www.)?zaiko\.io/account/eticket/(?P<id>[\w=-]{49})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://zaiko.io/account/eticket/TZjMwMzQ2Y2EzMXwyMDIzMDYwNzEyMTMyNXw1MDViOWU2Mw==',
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'f30346ca31-20230607121325-505b9e63',
+            'title': 'ZAIKO STREAMING TEST',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.zkocdn.net/pf_1/1_3wdyjcjyupseatkwid34u',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Only available with the ticketholding account',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        ticket_id = self._match_id(url)
+        ticket_id = try_call(
+            lambda: base64.urlsafe_b64decode(ticket_id[1:]).decode().replace('|', '-')) or ticket_id
+
+        webpage = self._download_real_webpage(url, ticket_id)
+        eticket = self._parse_vue_element_attr('eticket', webpage, ticket_id)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            [self.url_result(stream, ZaikoIE) for stream in traverse_obj(eticket, ('streams', ..., 'url'))],
+            ticket_id, **traverse_obj(eticket, ('ticket-details', {
+                'title': 'event_name',
+                'thumbnail': 'event_img_url',
+            })))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zattoo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zattoo.py
index 22620c0a3..6bd9ea064 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zattoo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zattoo.py
@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError, compat_str
+from ..compat import compat_str
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
                     'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
                 })
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code == 400:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
                 raise ExtractorError(
                     'Unable to login: incorrect username and/or password',
                     expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py
index c863c46ed..c04d51b7e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
 
 class ZDFBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['DE']
-    _QUALITIES = ('auto', 'low', 'med', 'high', 'veryhigh', 'hd', 'uhd')
+    _QUALITIES = ('auto', 'low', 'med', 'high', 'veryhigh', 'hd', 'fhd', 'uhd')
 
     def _call_api(self, url, video_id, item, api_token=None, referrer=None):
         headers = {}
@@ -61,6 +61,9 @@ def _extract_format(self, video_id, formats, format_urls, meta):
         elif mime_type == 'application/f4m+xml' or ext == 'f4m':
             new_formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(
                 update_url_query(format_url, {'hdcore': '3.7.0'}), video_id, f4m_id='hds', fatal=False)
+        elif ext == 'mpd':
+            new_formats = self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                format_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
         else:
             f = parse_codecs(meta.get('mimeCodec'))
             if not f and meta.get('type'):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zee5.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zee5.py
index a64eb9ed0..ca79cf0a7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zee5.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zee5.py
@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import json
-import random
-import string
+import time
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..compat import compat_str
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
     parse_age_limit,
     str_or_none,
+    try_call,
     try_get,
     unified_strdate,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -94,12 +96,12 @@ class Zee5IE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://www.zee5.com/music-videos/details/adhento-gaani-vunnapaatuga-jersey-nani-shraddha-srinath/0-0-56973',
         'only_matching': True
     }]
-    _DETAIL_API_URL = 'https://spapi.zee5.com/singlePlayback/getDetails/secure?content_id={}&device_id={}&platform_name=desktop_web&country=IN&check_parental_control=false'
-    _DEVICE_ID = ''.join(random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=20)).ljust(32, '0')
+    _DEVICE_ID = str(uuid.uuid4())
     _USER_TOKEN = None
     _LOGIN_HINT = 'Use "--username <mobile_number>" to login using otp or "--username token" and "--password <user_token>" to login using user token.'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'zee5'
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['IN']
+    _USER_COUNTRY = None
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         if len(username) == 10 and username.isdigit() and self._USER_TOKEN is None:
@@ -118,16 +120,21 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
             self._USER_TOKEN = otp_verify_json.get('token')
             if not self._USER_TOKEN:
                 raise ExtractorError(otp_request_json['message'], expected=True)
-        elif username.lower() == 'token' and len(password) > 1198:
+        elif username.lower() == 'token' and try_call(lambda: jwt_decode_hs256(password)):
             self._USER_TOKEN = password
         else:
             raise ExtractorError(self._LOGIN_HINT, expected=True)
 
+        token = jwt_decode_hs256(self._USER_TOKEN)
+        if token.get('exp', 0) <= int(time.time()):
+            raise ExtractorError('User token has expired', expected=True)
+        self._USER_COUNTRY = token.get('current_country')
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'display_id')
         access_token_request = self._download_json(
-            'https://useraction.zee5.com/token/platform_tokens.php?platform_name=web_app',
-            video_id, note='Downloading access token')
+            'https://launchapi.zee5.com/launch?platform_name=web_app',
+            video_id, note='Downloading access token')['platform_token']
         data = {
             'x-access-token': access_token_request['token']
         }
@@ -137,8 +144,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             data['X-Z5-Guest-Token'] = self._DEVICE_ID
 
         json_data = self._download_json(
-            self._DETAIL_API_URL.format(video_id, self._DEVICE_ID),
-            video_id, headers={'content-type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8'))
+            'https://spapi.zee5.com/singlePlayback/getDetails/secure', video_id, query={
+                'content_id': video_id,
+                'device_id': self._DEVICE_ID,
+                'platform_name': 'desktop_web',
+                'country': self._USER_COUNTRY or self.get_param('geo_bypass_country') or 'IN',
+                'check_parental_control': False,
+            }, headers={'content-type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf-8'))
         asset_data = json_data['assetDetails']
         show_data = json_data.get('showDetails', {})
         if 'premium' in asset_data['business_type']:
@@ -228,8 +240,8 @@ class Zee5SeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _entries(self, show_id):
         access_token_request = self._download_json(
-            'https://useraction.zee5.com/token/platform_tokens.php?platform_name=web_app',
-            show_id, note='Downloading access token')
+            'https://launchapi.zee5.com/launch?platform_name=web_app',
+            show_id, note='Downloading access token')['platform_token']
         headers = {
             'X-Access-Token': access_token_request['token'],
             'Referer': 'https://www.zee5.com/',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zingmp3.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zingmp3.py
index a818c9fa9..007658c65 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zingmp3.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zingmp3.py
@@ -1,16 +1,11 @@
-import functools
 import hashlib
 import hmac
+import itertools
 import json
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    OnDemandPagedList,
-    int_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    urljoin,
-)
+from ..utils import int_or_none, traverse_obj, try_call, urljoin
 
 
 class ZingMp3BaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -37,6 +32,7 @@ class ZingMp3BaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info-artist': '/api/v2/page/get/artist',
         'user-list-song': '/api/v2/song/get/list',
         'user-list-video': '/api/v2/video/get/list',
+        'hub': '/api/v2/page/get/hub-detail',
     }
 
     def _api_url(self, url_type, params):
@@ -46,9 +42,9 @@ def _api_url(self, url_type, params):
             ''.join(f'{k}={v}' for k, v in sorted(params.items())).encode()).hexdigest()
         data = {
             **params,
-            'apiKey': '88265e23d4284f25963e6eedac8fbfa3',
-            'sig': hmac.new(
-                b'2aa2d1c561e809b267f3638c4a307aab', f'{api_slug}{sha256}'.encode(), hashlib.sha512).hexdigest(),
+            'apiKey': 'X5BM3w8N7MKozC0B85o4KMlzLZKhV00y',
+            'sig': hmac.new(b'acOrvUS15XRW2o9JksiK1KgQ6Vbds8ZW',
+                            f'{api_slug}{sha256}'.encode(), hashlib.sha512).hexdigest(),
         }
         return f'{self._DOMAIN}{api_slug}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(data)}'
 
@@ -67,6 +63,19 @@ def _parse_items(self, items):
         for url in traverse_obj(items, (..., 'link')) or []:
             yield self.url_result(urljoin(self._DOMAIN, url))
 
+    def _fetch_page(self, id_, url_type, page):
+        raise NotImplementedError('This method must be implemented by subclasses')
+
+    def _paged_list(self, _id, url_type):
+        count = 0
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            data = self._fetch_page(_id, url_type, page)
+            entries = list(self._parse_items(data.get('items')))
+            count += len(entries)
+            yield from entries
+            if not data.get('hasMore') or try_call(lambda: count > data['total']):
+                break
+
 
 class ZingMp3IE(ZingMp3BaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = ZingMp3BaseIE._VALID_URL_TMPL % 'bai-hat|video-clip|embed'
@@ -166,8 +175,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'height': int_or_none(res),
                 })
 
-        if not formats and item.get('msg') == 'Sorry, this content is not available in your country.':
-            self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES, metadata_available=True)
+        if not formats:
+            if item.get('msg') == 'Sorry, this content is not available in your country.':
+                self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES, metadata_available=True)
+            else:
+                self.raise_no_formats('The song is only for VIP accounts.')
 
         lyric = item.get('lyric') or self._call_api('lyric', {'id': item_id}, fatal=False).get('file')
 
@@ -200,7 +212,7 @@ class ZingMp3AlbumIE(ZingMp3BaseIE):
             'id': 'ZWZAEZZD',
             'title': 'Những Bài Hát Hay Nhất Của Mr. Siro',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 49,
+        'playlist_mincount': 20,
     }, {
         'url': 'http://mp3.zing.vn/playlist/Duong-Hong-Loan-apollobee/IWCAACCB.html',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -305,22 +317,20 @@ class ZingMp3ChartMusicVideoIE(ZingMp3BaseIE):
             'id': 'IWZ9Z086',
             'title': 'the-loai-video_Khong-Loi',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 10,
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
     }]
 
     def _fetch_page(self, song_id, url_type, page):
-        return self._parse_items(self._call_api(url_type, {
+        return self._call_api(url_type, {
             'id': song_id,
             'type': 'genre',
-            'page': page + 1,
+            'page': page,
             'count': self._PER_PAGE
-        }).get('items'))
+        })
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         song_id, regions, url_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'regions', 'type')
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(self._fetch_page, song_id, url_type), self._PER_PAGE),
-            song_id, f'{url_type}_{regions}')
+        return self.playlist_result(self._paged_list(song_id, url_type), song_id, f'{url_type}_{regions}')
 
 
 class ZingMp3UserIE(ZingMp3BaseIE):
@@ -331,7 +341,7 @@ class ZingMp3UserIE(ZingMp3BaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'IWZ98609',
             'title': 'Mr. Siro - bai-hat',
-            'description': 'md5:85ab29bd7b21725c12bf76fd1d6922e5',
+            'description': 'md5:5bdcf45e955dc1b8d7f518f322ffef36',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 91,
     }, {
@@ -339,7 +349,7 @@ class ZingMp3UserIE(ZingMp3BaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'IWZ98609',
             'title': 'Mr. Siro - album',
-            'description': 'md5:85ab29bd7b21725c12bf76fd1d6922e5',
+            'description': 'md5:5bdcf45e955dc1b8d7f518f322ffef36',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 3,
     }, {
@@ -347,7 +357,7 @@ class ZingMp3UserIE(ZingMp3BaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'IWZ98609',
             'title': 'Mr. Siro - single',
-            'description': 'md5:85ab29bd7b21725c12bf76fd1d6922e5',
+            'description': 'md5:5bdcf45e955dc1b8d7f518f322ffef36',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 20,
     }, {
@@ -355,19 +365,19 @@ class ZingMp3UserIE(ZingMp3BaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'IWZ98609',
             'title': 'Mr. Siro - video',
-            'description': 'md5:85ab29bd7b21725c12bf76fd1d6922e5',
+            'description': 'md5:5bdcf45e955dc1b8d7f518f322ffef36',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 15,
     }]
 
     def _fetch_page(self, user_id, url_type, page):
         url_type = 'user-list-song' if url_type == 'bai-hat' else 'user-list-video'
-        return self._parse_items(self._call_api(url_type, {
+        return self._call_api(url_type, {
             'id': user_id,
             'type': 'artist',
-            'page': page + 1,
+            'page': page,
             'count': self._PER_PAGE
-        }, query={'sort': 'new', 'sectionId': 'aSong'}).get('items'))
+        })
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         user_alias, url_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user', 'type')
@@ -376,10 +386,41 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         user_info = self._call_api('info-artist', {}, user_alias, query={'alias': user_alias})
         if url_type in ('bai-hat', 'video'):
-            entries = OnDemandPagedList(
-                functools.partial(self._fetch_page, user_info['id'], url_type), self._PER_PAGE)
+            entries = self._paged_list(user_info['id'], url_type)
         else:
             entries = self._parse_items(traverse_obj(user_info, (
-                'sections', lambda _, v: v['link'] == f'/{user_alias}/{url_type}', 'items', ...)))
+                'sections',
+                lambda _, v: v['sectionId'] == 'aAlbum' if url_type == 'album' else v['sectionId'] == 'aSingle',
+                'items', ...)))
         return self.playlist_result(
             entries, user_info['id'], f'{user_info.get("name")} - {url_type}', user_info.get('biography'))
+
+
+class ZingMp3HubIE(ZingMp3BaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'zingmp3:hub'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:mp3\.zing|zingmp3)\.vn/(?P<type>hub)/(?P<regions>[^/]+)/(?P<id>[^\.]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://zingmp3.vn/hub/Nhac-Moi/IWZ9Z0CA.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'IWZ9Z0CA',
+            'title': 'Nhạc Mới',
+            'description': 'md5:1cc31b68a6f746427b07b2756c22a558',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 20,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://zingmp3.vn/hub/Nhac-Viet/IWZ9Z087.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'IWZ9Z087',
+            'title': 'Nhạc Việt',
+            'description': 'md5:acc976c8bdde64d5c6ee4a92c39f7a77',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        song_id, regions, url_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'regions', 'type')
+        hub_detail = self._call_api(url_type, {'id': song_id})
+        entries = self._parse_items(traverse_obj(hub_detail, (
+            'sections', lambda _, v: v['sectionId'] == 'hub', 'items', ...)))
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            entries, song_id, hub_detail.get('title'), hub_detail.get('description'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zoom.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zoom.py
index ef8b71522..e2bf81729 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zoom.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zoom.py
@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
-    str_or_none,
     js_to_json,
     parse_filesize,
+    parse_resolution,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_basename,
     urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
 )
@@ -12,8 +15,8 @@
 
 class ZoomIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'zoom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base_url>https?://(?:[^.]+\.)?zoom.us/)rec(?:ording)?/(?:play|share)/(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9_.-]+)'
-    _TEST = {
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<base_url>https?://(?:[^.]+\.)?zoom\.us/)rec(?:ording)?/(?P<type>play|share)/(?P<id>[\w.-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://economist.zoom.us/rec/play/dUk_CNBETmZ5VA2BwEl-jjakPpJ3M1pcfVYAPRsoIbEByGsLjUZtaa4yCATQuOL3der8BlTwxQePl_j0.EImBkXzTIaPvdZO5',
         'md5': 'ab445e8c911fddc4f9adc842c2c5d434',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -22,36 +25,87 @@ class ZoomIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'China\'s "two sessions" and the new five-year plan',
         },
         'skip': 'Recording requires email authentication to access',
-    }
+    }, {
+        # play URL
+        'url': 'https://ffgolf.zoom.us/rec/play/qhEhXbrxq1Zoucx8CMtHzq1Z_2YZRPVCqWK_K-2FkEGRsSLDeOX8Tu4P6jtjZcRry8QhIbvKZdtr4UNo.QcPn2debFskI9whJ',
+        'md5': '2c4b1c4e5213ebf9db293e88d9385bee',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'qhEhXbrxq1Zoucx8CMtHzq1Z_2YZRPVCqWK_K-2FkEGRsSLDeOX8Tu4P6jtjZcRry8QhIbvKZdtr4UNo.QcPn2debFskI9whJ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Prépa AF2023 - Séance 5 du 11 avril - R20/VM/GO',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # share URL
+        'url': 'https://us02web.zoom.us/rec/share/hkUk5Zxcga0nkyNGhVCRfzkA2gX_mzgS3LpTxEEWJz9Y_QpIQ4mZFOUx7KZRZDQA.9LGQBdqmDAYgiZ_8',
+        'md5': '90fdc7cfcaee5d52d1c817fc03c43c9b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'hkUk5Zxcga0nkyNGhVCRfzkA2gX_mzgS3LpTxEEWJz9Y_QpIQ4mZFOUx7KZRZDQA.9LGQBdqmDAYgiZ_8',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Timea Andrea Lelik\'s Personal Meeting Room',
+        },
+        'skip': 'This recording has expired',
+    }, {
+        # view_with_share URL
+        'url': 'https://cityofdetroit.zoom.us/rec/share/VjE-5kW3xmgbEYqR5KzRgZ1OFZvtMtiXk5HyRJo5kK4m5PYE6RF4rF_oiiO_9qaM.UTAg1MI7JSnF3ZjX',
+        'md5': 'bdc7867a5934c151957fb81321b3c024',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'VjE-5kW3xmgbEYqR5KzRgZ1OFZvtMtiXk5HyRJo5kK4m5PYE6RF4rF_oiiO_9qaM.UTAg1MI7JSnF3ZjX',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'February 2022 Detroit Revenue Estimating Conference',
+            'duration': 7299,
+            'formats': 'mincount:3',
+        },
+    }]
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        base_url, play_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, play_id)
+    def _get_page_data(self, webpage, video_id):
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'window\.__data__\s*=', webpage, 'data', video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
 
+    def _get_real_webpage(self, url, base_url, video_id, url_type):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note=f'Downloading {url_type} webpage')
         try:
             form = self._form_hidden_inputs('password_form', webpage)
         except ExtractorError:
-            form = None
-        if form:
-            password = self.get_param('videopassword')
-            if not password:
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    'This video is protected by a passcode, use the --video-password option', expected=True)
-            is_meeting = form.get('useWhichPasswd') == 'meeting'
-            validation = self._download_json(
-                base_url + 'rec/validate%s_passwd' % ('_meet' if is_meeting else ''),
-                play_id, 'Validating passcode', 'Wrong passcode', data=urlencode_postdata({
-                    'id': form[('meet' if is_meeting else 'file') + 'Id'],
-                    'passwd': password,
-                    'action': form.get('action'),
-                }))
-            if not validation.get('status'):
-                raise ExtractorError(validation['errorMessage'], expected=True)
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, play_id)
+            return webpage
 
-        data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?s)window\.__data__\s*=\s*({.+?});',
-            webpage, 'data'), play_id, js_to_json)
+        password = self.get_param('videopassword')
+        if not password:
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'This video is protected by a passcode, use the --video-password option', expected=True)
+        is_meeting = form.get('useWhichPasswd') == 'meeting'
+        validation = self._download_json(
+            base_url + 'rec/validate%s_passwd' % ('_meet' if is_meeting else ''),
+            video_id, 'Validating passcode', 'Wrong passcode', data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'id': form[('meet' if is_meeting else 'file') + 'Id'],
+                'passwd': password,
+                'action': form.get('action'),
+            }))
+        if not validation.get('status'):
+            raise ExtractorError(validation['errorMessage'], expected=True)
+        return self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note=f'Re-downloading {url_type} webpage')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        base_url, url_type, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('base_url', 'type', 'id')
+        query = {}
+
+        if url_type == 'share':
+            webpage = self._get_real_webpage(url, base_url, video_id, 'share')
+            meeting_id = self._get_page_data(webpage, video_id)['meetingId']
+            redirect_path = self._download_json(
+                f'{base_url}nws/recording/1.0/play/share-info/{meeting_id}',
+                video_id, note='Downloading share info JSON')['result']['redirectUrl']
+            url = urljoin(base_url, redirect_path)
+            query['continueMode'] = 'true'
+
+        webpage = self._get_real_webpage(url, base_url, video_id, 'play')
+        file_id = self._get_page_data(webpage, video_id)['fileId']
+        if not file_id:
+            # When things go wrong, file_id can be empty string
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract file ID')
+
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'{base_url}nws/recording/1.0/play/info/{file_id}', video_id, query=query,
+            note='Downloading play info JSON')['result']
 
         subtitles = {}
         for _type in ('transcript', 'cc', 'chapter'):
@@ -66,29 +120,42 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if data.get('viewMp4Url'):
             formats.append({
                 'format_note': 'Camera stream',
-                'url': str_or_none(data.get('viewMp4Url')),
-                'width': int_or_none(data.get('viewResolvtionsWidth')),
-                'height': int_or_none(data.get('viewResolvtionsHeight')),
-                'format_id': str_or_none(data.get('recordingId')),
+                'url': data['viewMp4Url'],
+                'width': int_or_none(traverse_obj(data, ('viewResolvtions', 0))),
+                'height': int_or_none(traverse_obj(data, ('viewResolvtions', 1))),
+                'format_id': 'view',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
-                'filesize_approx': parse_filesize(data.get('fileSize')),
+                'filesize_approx': parse_filesize(str_or_none(traverse_obj(data, ('recording', 'fileSizeInMB')))),
                 'preference': 0
             })
 
         if data.get('shareMp4Url'):
             formats.append({
                 'format_note': 'Screen share stream',
-                'url': str_or_none(data.get('shareMp4Url')),
-                'width': int_or_none(data.get('shareResolvtionsWidth')),
-                'height': int_or_none(data.get('shareResolvtionsHeight')),
-                'format_id': str_or_none(data.get('shareVideoId')),
+                'url': data['shareMp4Url'],
+                'width': int_or_none(traverse_obj(data, ('shareResolvtions', 0))),
+                'height': int_or_none(traverse_obj(data, ('shareResolvtions', 1))),
+                'format_id': 'share',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'preference': -1
             })
 
+        view_with_share_url = data.get('viewMp4WithshareUrl')
+        if view_with_share_url:
+            formats.append({
+                **parse_resolution(self._search_regex(
+                    r'_(\d+x\d+)\.mp4', url_basename(view_with_share_url), 'resolution', default=None)),
+                'format_note': 'Screen share with camera',
+                'url': view_with_share_url,
+                'format_id': 'view_with_share',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'preference': 1
+            })
+
         return {
-            'id': play_id,
-            'title': data.get('topic'),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': str_or_none(traverse_obj(data, ('meet', 'topic'))),
+            'duration': int_or_none(data.get('duration')),
             'subtitles': subtitles,
             'formats': formats,
             'http_headers': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zype.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zype.py
index 8cf994505..2f3b4c47f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zype.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zype.py
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_HTTPError
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     dict_get,
     ExtractorError,
@@ -37,9 +37,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             response = self._download_json(re.sub(
                 r'\.(?:js|html)\?', '.json?', url), video_id)['response']
         except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, compat_HTTPError) and e.cause.code in (400, 401, 403):
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status in (400, 401, 403):
                 raise ExtractorError(self._parse_json(
-                    e.cause.read().decode(), video_id)['message'], expected=True)
+                    e.cause.response.read().decode(), video_id)['message'], expected=True)
             raise
 
         body = response['body']
diff --git a/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py b/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
index db6526009..bda3fb459 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
@@ -20,7 +20,12 @@
 
 def _js_bit_op(op):
     def zeroise(x):
-        return 0 if x in (None, JS_Undefined) else x
+        if x in (None, JS_Undefined):
+            return 0
+        with contextlib.suppress(TypeError):
+            if math.isnan(x):  # NB: NaN cannot be checked by membership
+                return 0
+        return x
 
     def wrapped(a, b):
         return op(zeroise(a), zeroise(b)) & 0xffffffff
@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@ def wrapped(a, b):
 
 
 def _js_div(a, b):
-    if JS_Undefined in (a, b) or not (a and b):
+    if JS_Undefined in (a, b) or not (a or b):
         return float('nan')
     return (a or 0) / b if b else float('inf')
 
@@ -258,9 +263,11 @@ def _separate(expr, delim=',', max_split=None):
                 elif in_quote == '/' and char in '[]':
                     in_regex_char_group = char == '['
             escaping = not escaping and in_quote and char == '\\'
-            after_op = not in_quote and char in OP_CHARS or (char.isspace() and after_op)
+            in_unary_op = (not in_quote and not in_regex_char_group
+                           and after_op not in (True, False) and char in '-+')
+            after_op = char if (not in_quote and char in OP_CHARS) else (char.isspace() and after_op)
 
-            if char != delim[pos] or any(counters.values()) or in_quote:
+            if char != delim[pos] or any(counters.values()) or in_quote or in_unary_op:
                 pos = 0
                 continue
             elif pos != delim_len:
@@ -345,8 +352,10 @@ def interpret_statement(self, stmt, local_vars, allow_recursion=100):
             inner, outer = self._separate(expr, expr[0], 1)
             if expr[0] == '/':
                 flags, outer = self._regex_flags(outer)
+                # We don't support regex methods yet, so no point compiling it
+                inner = f'{inner}/{flags}'
                 # Avoid https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/74534
-                inner = re.compile(inner[1:].replace('[[', r'[\['), flags=flags)
+                # inner = re.compile(inner[1:].replace('[[', r'[\['), flags=flags)
             else:
                 inner = json.loads(js_to_json(f'{inner}{expr[0]}', strict=True))
             if not outer:
@@ -436,7 +445,7 @@ def dict_item(key, val):
                 err = e
 
             pending = (None, False)
-            m = re.match(r'catch\s*(?P<err>\(\s*{_NAME_RE}\s*\))?\{{'.format(**globals()), expr)
+            m = re.match(fr'catch\s*(?P<err>\(\s*{_NAME_RE}\s*\))?\{{', expr)
             if m:
                 sub_expr, expr = self._separate_at_paren(expr[m.end() - 1:])
                 if err:
@@ -770,7 +779,7 @@ def extract_object(self, objname):
         obj = {}
         obj_m = re.search(
             r'''(?x)
-                (?<!this\.)%s\s*=\s*{\s*
+                (?<!\.)%s\s*=\s*{\s*
                     (?P<fields>(%s\s*:\s*function\s*\(.*?\)\s*{.*?}(?:,\s*)?)*)
                 }\s*;
             ''' % (re.escape(objname), _FUNC_NAME_RE),
@@ -803,9 +812,9 @@ def extract_function_code(self, funcname):
                 \((?P<args>[^)]*)\)\s*
                 (?P<code>{.+})''' % {'name': re.escape(funcname)},
             self.code)
-        code, _ = self._separate_at_paren(func_m.group('code'))
         if func_m is None:
             raise self.Exception(f'Could not find JS function "{funcname}"')
+        code, _ = self._separate_at_paren(func_m.group('code'))
         return [x.strip() for x in func_m.group('args').split(',')], code
 
     def extract_function(self, funcname):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/networking/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..aa8d0eabe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# flake8: noqa: F401
+import warnings
+
+from .common import (
+    HEADRequest,
+    PUTRequest,
+    Request,
+    RequestDirector,
+    RequestHandler,
+    Response,
+)
+
+# isort: split
+# TODO: all request handlers should be safely imported
+from . import _urllib
+from ..utils import bug_reports_message
+
+try:
+    from . import _requests
+except ImportError:
+    pass
+except Exception as e:
+    warnings.warn(f'Failed to import "requests" request handler: {e}' + bug_reports_message())
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a6fa3550b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_helper.py
@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import socket
+import ssl
+import sys
+import typing
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+
+from .exceptions import RequestError, UnsupportedRequest
+from ..dependencies import certifi
+from ..socks import ProxyType, sockssocket
+from ..utils import format_field, traverse_obj
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from collections.abc import Iterable
+
+    from ..utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
+
+
+def ssl_load_certs(context: ssl.SSLContext, use_certifi=True):
+    if certifi and use_certifi:
+        context.load_verify_locations(cafile=certifi.where())
+    else:
+        try:
+            context.load_default_certs()
+        # Work around the issue in load_default_certs when there are bad certificates. See:
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1060,
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue35665, https://bugs.python.org/issue45312
+        except ssl.SSLError:
+            # enum_certificates is not present in mingw python. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1151
+            if sys.platform == 'win32' and hasattr(ssl, 'enum_certificates'):
+                for storename in ('CA', 'ROOT'):
+                    ssl_load_windows_store_certs(context, storename)
+            context.set_default_verify_paths()
+
+
+def ssl_load_windows_store_certs(ssl_context, storename):
+    # Code adapted from _load_windows_store_certs in https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/ssl.py
+    try:
+        certs = [cert for cert, encoding, trust in ssl.enum_certificates(storename)
+                 if encoding == 'x509_asn' and (
+                     trust is True or ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH.oid in trust)]
+    except PermissionError:
+        return
+    for cert in certs:
+        with contextlib.suppress(ssl.SSLError):
+            ssl_context.load_verify_locations(cadata=cert)
+
+
+def make_socks_proxy_opts(socks_proxy):
+    url_components = urllib.parse.urlparse(socks_proxy)
+    if url_components.scheme.lower() == 'socks5':
+        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS5
+        rdns = False
+    elif url_components.scheme.lower() == 'socks5h':
+        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS5
+        rdns = True
+    elif url_components.scheme.lower() == 'socks4':
+        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS4
+        rdns = False
+    elif url_components.scheme.lower() == 'socks4a':
+        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS4A
+        rdns = True
+    else:
+        raise ValueError(f'Unknown SOCKS proxy version: {url_components.scheme.lower()}')
+
+    def unquote_if_non_empty(s):
+        if not s:
+            return s
+        return urllib.parse.unquote_plus(s)
+    return {
+        'proxytype': socks_type,
+        'addr': url_components.hostname,
+        'port': url_components.port or 1080,
+        'rdns': rdns,
+        'username': unquote_if_non_empty(url_components.username),
+        'password': unquote_if_non_empty(url_components.password),
+    }
+
+
+def select_proxy(url, proxies):
+    """Unified proxy selector for all backends"""
+    url_components = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    if 'no' in proxies:
+        hostport = url_components.hostname + format_field(url_components.port, None, ':%s')
+        if urllib.request.proxy_bypass_environment(hostport, {'no': proxies['no']}):
+            return
+        elif urllib.request.proxy_bypass(hostport):  # check system settings
+            return
+
+    return traverse_obj(proxies, url_components.scheme or 'http', 'all')
+
+
+def get_redirect_method(method, status):
+    """Unified redirect method handling"""
+
+    # A 303 must either use GET or HEAD for subsequent request
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
+    if status == 303 and method != 'HEAD':
+        method = 'GET'
+    # 301 and 302 redirects are commonly turned into a GET from a POST
+    # for subsequent requests by browsers, so we'll do the same.
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.2
+    # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.3
+    if status in (301, 302) and method == 'POST':
+        method = 'GET'
+    return method
+
+
+def make_ssl_context(
+    verify=True,
+    client_certificate=None,
+    client_certificate_key=None,
+    client_certificate_password=None,
+    legacy_support=False,
+    use_certifi=True,
+):
+    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
+    context.check_hostname = verify
+    context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if verify else ssl.CERT_NONE
+
+    # Some servers may reject requests if ALPN extension is not sent. See:
+    # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/85140
+    # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3878
+    with contextlib.suppress(NotImplementedError):
+        context.set_alpn_protocols(['http/1.1'])
+    if verify:
+        ssl_load_certs(context, use_certifi)
+
+    if legacy_support:
+        context.options |= 4  # SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT
+        context.set_ciphers('DEFAULT')  # compat
+
+    elif ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO >= (1, 1, 1) and not ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION.startswith('LibreSSL'):
+        # Use the default SSL ciphers and minimum TLS version settings from Python 3.10 [1].
+        # This is to ensure consistent behavior across Python versions and libraries, and help avoid fingerprinting
+        # in some situations [2][3].
+        # Python 3.10 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+ [4]. Because this change is likely
+        # untested on older versions, we only apply this to OpenSSL 1.1.1+ to be safe.
+        # LibreSSL is excluded until further investigation due to cipher support issues [5][6].
+        # 1. https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/e983252b516edb15d4338b0a47631b59ef1e2536
+        # 2. https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4627
+        # 3. https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/5294
+        # 4. https://peps.python.org/pep-0644/
+        # 5. https://peps.python.org/pep-0644/#libressl-support
+        # 6. https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5b9f253fa0aee996cf1ed30185d4b502e00609c4#commitcomment-89054368
+        context.set_ciphers(
+            '@SECLEVEL=2:ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+CHACHA20:ECDH+AES:DHE+AES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!aDSS:!SHA1:!AESCCM')
+        context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
+
+    if client_certificate:
+        try:
+            context.load_cert_chain(
+                client_certificate, keyfile=client_certificate_key,
+                password=client_certificate_password)
+        except ssl.SSLError:
+            raise RequestError('Unable to load client certificate')
+
+        if getattr(context, 'post_handshake_auth', None) is not None:
+            context.post_handshake_auth = True
+    return context
+
+
+class InstanceStoreMixin:
+    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+        self.__instances = []
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)  # So that both MRO works
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _create_instance(**kwargs):
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def _get_instance(self, **kwargs):
+        for key, instance in self.__instances:
+            if key == kwargs:
+                return instance
+
+        instance = self._create_instance(**kwargs)
+        self.__instances.append((kwargs, instance))
+        return instance
+
+    def _close_instance(self, instance):
+        if callable(getattr(instance, 'close', None)):
+            instance.close()
+
+    def _clear_instances(self):
+        for _, instance in self.__instances:
+            self._close_instance(instance)
+        self.__instances.clear()
+
+
+def add_accept_encoding_header(headers: HTTPHeaderDict, supported_encodings: Iterable[str]):
+    if 'Accept-Encoding' not in headers:
+        headers['Accept-Encoding'] = ', '.join(supported_encodings) or 'identity'
+
+
+def wrap_request_errors(func):
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        try:
+            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
+        except UnsupportedRequest as e:
+            if e.handler is None:
+                e.handler = self
+            raise
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def _socket_connect(ip_addr, timeout, source_address):
+    af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = ip_addr
+    sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
+    try:
+        if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
+            sock.settimeout(timeout)
+        if source_address:
+            sock.bind(source_address)
+        sock.connect(sa)
+        return sock
+    except socket.error:
+        sock.close()
+        raise
+
+
+def create_socks_proxy_socket(dest_addr, proxy_args, proxy_ip_addr, timeout, source_address):
+    af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = proxy_ip_addr
+    sock = sockssocket(af, socktype, proto)
+    try:
+        connect_proxy_args = proxy_args.copy()
+        connect_proxy_args.update({'addr': sa[0], 'port': sa[1]})
+        sock.setproxy(**connect_proxy_args)
+        if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:  # noqa: E721
+            sock.settimeout(timeout)
+        if source_address:
+            sock.bind(source_address)
+        sock.connect(dest_addr)
+        return sock
+    except socket.error:
+        sock.close()
+        raise
+
+
+def create_connection(
+    address,
+    timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
+    source_address=None,
+    *,
+    _create_socket_func=_socket_connect
+):
+    # Work around socket.create_connection() which tries all addresses from getaddrinfo() including IPv6.
+    # This filters the addresses based on the given source_address.
+    # Based on: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/socket.py#L810
+    host, port = address
+    ip_addrs = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
+    if not ip_addrs:
+        raise socket.error('getaddrinfo returns an empty list')
+    if source_address is not None:
+        af = socket.AF_INET if ':' not in source_address[0] else socket.AF_INET6
+        ip_addrs = [addr for addr in ip_addrs if addr[0] == af]
+        if not ip_addrs:
+            raise OSError(
+                f'No remote IPv{4 if af == socket.AF_INET else 6} addresses available for connect. '
+                f'Can\'t use "{source_address[0]}" as source address')
+
+    err = None
+    for ip_addr in ip_addrs:
+        try:
+            sock = _create_socket_func(ip_addr, timeout, source_address)
+            # Explicitly break __traceback__ reference cycle
+            # https://bugs.python.org/issue36820
+            err = None
+            return sock
+        except socket.error as e:
+            err = e
+
+    try:
+        raise err
+    finally:
+        # Explicitly break __traceback__ reference cycle
+        # https://bugs.python.org/issue36820
+        err = None
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..fe3f60b0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py
@@ -0,0 +1,397 @@
+import contextlib
+import functools
+import http.client
+import logging
+import re
+import socket
+import warnings
+
+from ..dependencies import brotli, requests, urllib3
+from ..utils import bug_reports_message, int_or_none, variadic
+
+if requests is None:
+    raise ImportError('requests module is not installed')
+
+if urllib3 is None:
+    raise ImportError('urllib3 module is not installed')
+
+urllib3_version = tuple(int_or_none(x, default=0) for x in urllib3.__version__.split('.'))
+
+if urllib3_version < (1, 26, 17):
+    raise ImportError('Only urllib3 >= 1.26.17 is supported')
+
+if requests.__build__ < 0x023100:
+    raise ImportError('Only requests >= 2.31.0 is supported')
+
+import requests.adapters
+import requests.utils
+import urllib3.connection
+import urllib3.exceptions
+
+from ._helper import (
+    InstanceStoreMixin,
+    add_accept_encoding_header,
+    create_connection,
+    create_socks_proxy_socket,
+    get_redirect_method,
+    make_socks_proxy_opts,
+    select_proxy,
+)
+from .common import (
+    Features,
+    RequestHandler,
+    Response,
+    register_preference,
+    register_rh,
+)
+from .exceptions import (
+    CertificateVerifyError,
+    HTTPError,
+    IncompleteRead,
+    ProxyError,
+    RequestError,
+    SSLError,
+    TransportError,
+)
+from ..socks import ProxyError as SocksProxyError
+
+SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS = [
+    'gzip', 'deflate'
+]
+
+if brotli is not None:
+    SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS.append('br')
+
+"""
+Override urllib3's behavior to not convert lower-case percent-encoded characters
+to upper-case during url normalization process.
+
+RFC3986 defines that the lower or upper case percent-encoded hexidecimal characters are equivalent
+and normalizers should convert them to uppercase for consistency [1].
+
+However, some sites may have an incorrect implementation where they provide
+a percent-encoded url that is then compared case-sensitively.[2]
+
+While this is a very rare case, since urllib does not do this normalization step, it
+is best to avoid it in requests too for compatability reasons.
+
+1: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-2.1
+2: https://github.com/streamlink/streamlink/pull/4003
+"""
+
+
+class Urllib3PercentREOverride:
+    def __init__(self, r: re.Pattern):
+        self.re = r
+
+    # pass through all other attribute calls to the original re
+    def __getattr__(self, item):
+        return self.re.__getattribute__(item)
+
+    def subn(self, repl, string, *args, **kwargs):
+        return string, self.re.subn(repl, string, *args, **kwargs)[1]
+
+
+# urllib3 >= 1.25.8 uses subn:
+# https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/commit/a2697e7c6b275f05879b60f593c5854a816489f0
+import urllib3.util.url  # noqa: E305
+
+if hasattr(urllib3.util.url, 'PERCENT_RE'):
+    urllib3.util.url.PERCENT_RE = Urllib3PercentREOverride(urllib3.util.url.PERCENT_RE)
+elif hasattr(urllib3.util.url, '_PERCENT_RE'):  # urllib3 >= 2.0.0
+    urllib3.util.url._PERCENT_RE = Urllib3PercentREOverride(urllib3.util.url._PERCENT_RE)
+else:
+    warnings.warn('Failed to patch PERCENT_RE in urllib3 (does the attribute exist?)' + bug_reports_message())
+
+"""
+Workaround for issue in urllib.util.ssl_.py: ssl_wrap_context does not pass
+server_hostname to SSLContext.wrap_socket if server_hostname is an IP,
+however this is an issue because we set check_hostname to True in our SSLContext.
+
+Monkey-patching IS_SECURETRANSPORT forces ssl_wrap_context to pass server_hostname regardless.
+
+This has been fixed in urllib3 2.0+.
+See: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/517
+"""
+
+if urllib3_version < (2, 0, 0):
+    with contextlib.suppress():
+        urllib3.util.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = urllib3.util.ssl_.IS_SECURETRANSPORT = True
+
+
+# Requests will not automatically handle no_proxy by default
+# due to buggy no_proxy handling with proxy dict [1].
+# 1. https://github.com/psf/requests/issues/5000
+requests.adapters.select_proxy = select_proxy
+
+
+class RequestsResponseAdapter(Response):
+    def __init__(self, res: requests.models.Response):
+        super().__init__(
+            fp=res.raw, headers=res.headers, url=res.url,
+            status=res.status_code, reason=res.reason)
+
+        self._requests_response = res
+
+    def read(self, amt: int = None):
+        try:
+            # Interact with urllib3 response directly.
+            return self.fp.read(amt, decode_content=True)
+
+        # See urllib3.response.HTTPResponse.read() for exceptions raised on read
+        except urllib3.exceptions.SSLError as e:
+            raise SSLError(cause=e) from e
+
+        except urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError as e:
+            # IncompleteRead is always contained within ProtocolError
+            # See urllib3.response.HTTPResponse._error_catcher()
+            ir_err = next(
+                (err for err in (e.__context__, e.__cause__, *variadic(e.args))
+                 if isinstance(err, http.client.IncompleteRead)), None)
+            if ir_err is not None:
+                # `urllib3.exceptions.IncompleteRead` is subclass of `http.client.IncompleteRead`
+                # but uses an `int` for its `partial` property.
+                partial = ir_err.partial if isinstance(ir_err.partial, int) else len(ir_err.partial)
+                raise IncompleteRead(partial=partial, expected=ir_err.expected) from e
+            raise TransportError(cause=e) from e
+
+        except urllib3.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
+            # catch-all for any other urllib3 response exceptions
+            raise TransportError(cause=e) from e
+
+
+class RequestsHTTPAdapter(requests.adapters.HTTPAdapter):
+    def __init__(self, ssl_context=None, proxy_ssl_context=None, source_address=None, **kwargs):
+        self._pm_args = {}
+        if ssl_context:
+            self._pm_args['ssl_context'] = ssl_context
+        if source_address:
+            self._pm_args['source_address'] = (source_address, 0)
+        self._proxy_ssl_context = proxy_ssl_context or ssl_context
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+
+    def init_poolmanager(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        return super().init_poolmanager(*args, **kwargs, **self._pm_args)
+
+    def proxy_manager_for(self, proxy, **proxy_kwargs):
+        extra_kwargs = {}
+        if not proxy.lower().startswith('socks') and self._proxy_ssl_context:
+            extra_kwargs['proxy_ssl_context'] = self._proxy_ssl_context
+        return super().proxy_manager_for(proxy, **proxy_kwargs, **self._pm_args, **extra_kwargs)
+
+    def cert_verify(*args, **kwargs):
+        # lean on SSLContext for cert verification
+        pass
+
+
+class RequestsSession(requests.sessions.Session):
+    """
+    Ensure unified redirect method handling with our urllib redirect handler.
+    """
+    def rebuild_method(self, prepared_request, response):
+        new_method = get_redirect_method(prepared_request.method, response.status_code)
+
+        # HACK: requests removes headers/body on redirect unless code was a 307/308.
+        if new_method == prepared_request.method:
+            response._real_status_code = response.status_code
+            response.status_code = 308
+
+        prepared_request.method = new_method
+
+    def rebuild_auth(self, prepared_request, response):
+        # HACK: undo status code change from rebuild_method, if applicable.
+        # rebuild_auth runs after requests would remove headers/body based on status code
+        if hasattr(response, '_real_status_code'):
+            response.status_code = response._real_status_code
+            del response._real_status_code
+        return super().rebuild_auth(prepared_request, response)
+
+
+class Urllib3LoggingFilter(logging.Filter):
+
+    def filter(self, record):
+        # Ignore HTTP request messages since HTTPConnection prints those
+        if record.msg == '%s://%s:%s "%s %s %s" %s %s':
+            return False
+        return True
+
+
+class Urllib3LoggingHandler(logging.Handler):
+    """Redirect urllib3 logs to our logger"""
+    def __init__(self, logger, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._logger = logger
+
+    def emit(self, record):
+        try:
+            msg = self.format(record)
+            if record.levelno >= logging.ERROR:
+                self._logger.error(msg)
+            else:
+                self._logger.stdout(msg)
+
+        except Exception:
+            self.handleError(record)
+
+
+@register_rh
+class RequestsRH(RequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
+
+    """Requests RequestHandler
+    https://github.com/psf/requests
+    """
+    _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ('http', 'https')
+    _SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS = tuple(SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS)
+    _SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES = ('http', 'https', 'socks4', 'socks4a', 'socks5', 'socks5h')
+    _SUPPORTED_FEATURES = (Features.NO_PROXY, Features.ALL_PROXY)
+    RH_NAME = 'requests'
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Forward urllib3 debug messages to our logger
+        logger = logging.getLogger('urllib3')
+        handler = Urllib3LoggingHandler(logger=self._logger)
+        handler.setFormatter(logging.Formatter('requests: %(message)s'))
+        handler.addFilter(Urllib3LoggingFilter())
+        logger.addHandler(handler)
+        logger.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
+
+        if self.verbose:
+            # Setting this globally is not ideal, but is easier than hacking with urllib3.
+            # It could technically be problematic for scripts embedding yt-dlp.
+            # However, it is unlikely debug traffic is used in that context in a way this will cause problems.
+            urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection.debuglevel = 1
+            logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
+        # this is expected if we are using --no-check-certificate
+        urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
+
+    def close(self):
+        self._clear_instances()
+
+    def _check_extensions(self, extensions):
+        super()._check_extensions(extensions)
+        extensions.pop('cookiejar', None)
+        extensions.pop('timeout', None)
+
+    def _create_instance(self, cookiejar):
+        session = RequestsSession()
+        http_adapter = RequestsHTTPAdapter(
+            ssl_context=self._make_sslcontext(),
+            source_address=self.source_address,
+            max_retries=urllib3.util.retry.Retry(False),
+        )
+        session.adapters.clear()
+        session.headers = requests.models.CaseInsensitiveDict({'Connection': 'keep-alive'})
+        session.mount('https://', http_adapter)
+        session.mount('http://', http_adapter)
+        session.cookies = cookiejar
+        session.trust_env = False  # no need, we already load proxies from env
+        return session
+
+    def _send(self, request):
+
+        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+        add_accept_encoding_header(headers, SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS)
+
+        max_redirects_exceeded = False
+
+        session = self._get_instance(
+            cookiejar=request.extensions.get('cookiejar') or self.cookiejar)
+
+        try:
+            requests_res = session.request(
+                method=request.method,
+                url=request.url,
+                data=request.data,
+                headers=headers,
+                timeout=float(request.extensions.get('timeout') or self.timeout),
+                proxies=request.proxies or self.proxies,
+                allow_redirects=True,
+                stream=True
+            )
+
+        except requests.exceptions.TooManyRedirects as e:
+            max_redirects_exceeded = True
+            requests_res = e.response
+
+        except requests.exceptions.SSLError as e:
+            if 'CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED' in str(e):
+                raise CertificateVerifyError(cause=e) from e
+            raise SSLError(cause=e) from e
+
+        except requests.exceptions.ProxyError as e:
+            raise ProxyError(cause=e) from e
+
+        except (requests.exceptions.ConnectionError, requests.exceptions.Timeout) as e:
+            raise TransportError(cause=e) from e
+
+        except urllib3.exceptions.HTTPError as e:
+            # Catch any urllib3 exceptions that may leak through
+            raise TransportError(cause=e) from e
+
+        except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
+            # Miscellaneous Requests exceptions. May not necessary be network related e.g. InvalidURL
+            raise RequestError(cause=e) from e
+
+        res = RequestsResponseAdapter(requests_res)
+
+        if not 200 <= res.status < 300:
+            raise HTTPError(res, redirect_loop=max_redirects_exceeded)
+
+        return res
+
+
+@register_preference(RequestsRH)
+def requests_preference(rh, request):
+    return 100
+
+
+# Use our socks proxy implementation with requests to avoid an extra dependency.
+class SocksHTTPConnection(urllib3.connection.HTTPConnection):
+    def __init__(self, _socks_options, *args, **kwargs):  # must use _socks_options to pass PoolKey checks
+        self._proxy_args = _socks_options
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _new_conn(self):
+        try:
+            return create_connection(
+                address=(self._proxy_args['addr'], self._proxy_args['port']),
+                timeout=self.timeout,
+                source_address=self.source_address,
+                _create_socket_func=functools.partial(
+                    create_socks_proxy_socket, (self.host, self.port), self._proxy_args))
+        except (socket.timeout, TimeoutError) as e:
+            raise urllib3.exceptions.ConnectTimeoutError(
+                self, f'Connection to {self.host} timed out. (connect timeout={self.timeout})') from e
+        except SocksProxyError as e:
+            raise urllib3.exceptions.ProxyError(str(e), e) from e
+        except (OSError, socket.error) as e:
+            raise urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError(
+                self, f'Failed to establish a new connection: {e}') from e
+
+
+class SocksHTTPSConnection(SocksHTTPConnection, urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection):
+    pass
+
+
+class SocksHTTPConnectionPool(urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = SocksHTTPConnection
+
+
+class SocksHTTPSConnectionPool(urllib3.HTTPSConnectionPool):
+    ConnectionCls = SocksHTTPSConnection
+
+
+class SocksProxyManager(urllib3.PoolManager):
+
+    def __init__(self, socks_proxy, username=None, password=None, num_pools=10, headers=None, **connection_pool_kw):
+        connection_pool_kw['_socks_options'] = make_socks_proxy_opts(socks_proxy)
+        super().__init__(num_pools, headers, **connection_pool_kw)
+        self.pool_classes_by_scheme = {
+            'http': SocksHTTPConnectionPool,
+            'https': SocksHTTPSConnectionPool
+        }
+
+
+requests.adapters.SOCKSProxyManager = SocksProxyManager
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_urllib.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_urllib.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..68bab2b08
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_urllib.py
@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+import http.client
+import io
+import ssl
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+import urllib.response
+import zlib
+from urllib.request import (
+    DataHandler,
+    FileHandler,
+    FTPHandler,
+    HTTPCookieProcessor,
+    HTTPDefaultErrorHandler,
+    HTTPErrorProcessor,
+    UnknownHandler,
+)
+
+from ._helper import (
+    InstanceStoreMixin,
+    add_accept_encoding_header,
+    create_connection,
+    create_socks_proxy_socket,
+    get_redirect_method,
+    make_socks_proxy_opts,
+    select_proxy,
+)
+from .common import Features, RequestHandler, Response, register_rh
+from .exceptions import (
+    CertificateVerifyError,
+    HTTPError,
+    IncompleteRead,
+    ProxyError,
+    RequestError,
+    SSLError,
+    TransportError,
+)
+from ..dependencies import brotli
+from ..socks import ProxyError as SocksProxyError
+from ..utils import update_url_query
+from ..utils.networking import normalize_url
+
+SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS = ['gzip', 'deflate']
+CONTENT_DECODE_ERRORS = [zlib.error, OSError]
+
+if brotli:
+    SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS.append('br')
+    CONTENT_DECODE_ERRORS.append(brotli.error)
+
+
+def _create_http_connection(http_class, source_address, *args, **kwargs):
+    hc = http_class(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    if hasattr(hc, '_create_connection'):
+        hc._create_connection = create_connection
+
+    if source_address is not None:
+        hc.source_address = (source_address, 0)
+
+    return hc
+
+
+class HTTPHandler(urllib.request.AbstractHTTPHandler):
+    """Handler for HTTP requests and responses.
+
+    This class, when installed with an OpenerDirector, automatically adds
+    the standard headers to every HTTP request and handles gzipped, deflated and
+    brotli responses from web servers.
+
+    Part of this code was copied from:
+
+    http://techknack.net/python-urllib2-handlers/
+
+    Andrew Rowls, the author of that code, agreed to release it to the
+    public domain.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, context=None, source_address=None, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._source_address = source_address
+        self._context = context
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_conn_class(base, req):
+        conn_class = base
+        socks_proxy = req.headers.pop('Ytdl-socks-proxy', None)
+        if socks_proxy:
+            conn_class = make_socks_conn_class(conn_class, socks_proxy)
+        return conn_class
+
+    def http_open(self, req):
+        conn_class = self._make_conn_class(http.client.HTTPConnection, req)
+        return self.do_open(functools.partial(
+            _create_http_connection, conn_class, self._source_address), req)
+
+    def https_open(self, req):
+        conn_class = self._make_conn_class(http.client.HTTPSConnection, req)
+        return self.do_open(
+            functools.partial(
+                _create_http_connection, conn_class, self._source_address),
+            req, context=self._context)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def deflate(data):
+        if not data:
+            return data
+        try:
+            return zlib.decompress(data, -zlib.MAX_WBITS)
+        except zlib.error:
+            return zlib.decompress(data)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def brotli(data):
+        if not data:
+            return data
+        return brotli.decompress(data)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def gz(data):
+        # There may be junk added the end of the file
+        # We ignore it by only ever decoding a single gzip payload
+        if not data:
+            return data
+        return zlib.decompress(data, wbits=zlib.MAX_WBITS | 16)
+
+    def http_request(self, req):
+        # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not
+        # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded
+        # non-ASCII characters (see telemb.py, ard.py [#3412])
+        # urllib chokes on URLs with non-ASCII characters (see http://bugs.python.org/issue3991)
+        # To work around aforementioned issue we will replace request's original URL with
+        # percent-encoded one
+        # Since redirects are also affected (e.g. http://www.southpark.de/alle-episoden/s18e09)
+        # the code of this workaround has been moved here from YoutubeDL.urlopen()
+        url = req.get_full_url()
+        url_escaped = normalize_url(url)
+
+        # Substitute URL if any change after escaping
+        if url != url_escaped:
+            req = update_Request(req, url=url_escaped)
+
+        return super().do_request_(req)
+
+    def http_response(self, req, resp):
+        old_resp = resp
+
+        # Content-Encoding header lists the encodings in order that they were applied [1].
+        # To decompress, we simply do the reverse.
+        # [1]: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc9110#name-content-encoding
+        decoded_response = None
+        for encoding in (e.strip() for e in reversed(resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '').split(','))):
+            if encoding == 'gzip':
+                decoded_response = self.gz(decoded_response or resp.read())
+            elif encoding == 'deflate':
+                decoded_response = self.deflate(decoded_response or resp.read())
+            elif encoding == 'br' and brotli:
+                decoded_response = self.brotli(decoded_response or resp.read())
+
+        if decoded_response is not None:
+            resp = urllib.request.addinfourl(io.BytesIO(decoded_response), old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
+            resp.msg = old_resp.msg
+        # Percent-encode redirect URL of Location HTTP header to satisfy RFC 3986 (see
+        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6457).
+        if 300 <= resp.code < 400:
+            location = resp.headers.get('Location')
+            if location:
+                # As of RFC 2616 default charset is iso-8859-1 that is respected by python 3
+                location = location.encode('iso-8859-1').decode()
+                location_escaped = normalize_url(location)
+                if location != location_escaped:
+                    del resp.headers['Location']
+                    resp.headers['Location'] = location_escaped
+        return resp
+
+    https_request = http_request
+    https_response = http_response
+
+
+def make_socks_conn_class(base_class, socks_proxy):
+    assert issubclass(base_class, (
+        http.client.HTTPConnection, http.client.HTTPSConnection))
+
+    proxy_args = make_socks_proxy_opts(socks_proxy)
+
+    class SocksConnection(base_class):
+        _create_connection = create_connection
+
+        def connect(self):
+            self.sock = create_connection(
+                (proxy_args['addr'], proxy_args['port']),
+                timeout=self.timeout,
+                source_address=self.source_address,
+                _create_socket_func=functools.partial(
+                    create_socks_proxy_socket, (self.host, self.port), proxy_args))
+            if isinstance(self, http.client.HTTPSConnection):
+                self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(self.sock, server_hostname=self.host)
+
+    return SocksConnection
+
+
+class RedirectHandler(urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler):
+    """YoutubeDL redirect handler
+
+    The code is based on HTTPRedirectHandler implementation from CPython [1].
+
+    This redirect handler fixes and improves the logic to better align with RFC7261
+     and what browsers tend to do [2][3]
+
+    1. https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/master/Lib/urllib/request.py
+    2. https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231
+    3. https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/91306
+    """
+
+    http_error_301 = http_error_303 = http_error_307 = http_error_308 = urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler.http_error_302
+
+    def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):
+        if code not in (301, 302, 303, 307, 308):
+            raise urllib.error.HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, headers, fp)
+
+        new_data = req.data
+
+        # Technically the Cookie header should be in unredirected_hdrs,
+        # however in practice some may set it in normal headers anyway.
+        # We will remove it here to prevent any leaks.
+        remove_headers = ['Cookie']
+
+        new_method = get_redirect_method(req.get_method(), code)
+        # only remove payload if method changed (e.g. POST to GET)
+        if new_method != req.get_method():
+            new_data = None
+            remove_headers.extend(['Content-Length', 'Content-Type'])
+
+        new_headers = {k: v for k, v in req.headers.items() if k.title() not in remove_headers}
+
+        return urllib.request.Request(
+            newurl, headers=new_headers, origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host,
+            unverifiable=True, method=new_method, data=new_data)
+
+
+class ProxyHandler(urllib.request.BaseHandler):
+    handler_order = 100
+
+    def __init__(self, proxies=None):
+        self.proxies = proxies
+        # Set default handlers
+        for type in ('http', 'https', 'ftp'):
+            setattr(self, '%s_open' % type, lambda r, meth=self.proxy_open: meth(r))
+
+    def proxy_open(self, req):
+        proxy = select_proxy(req.get_full_url(), self.proxies)
+        if proxy is None:
+            return
+        if urllib.parse.urlparse(proxy).scheme.lower() in ('socks4', 'socks4a', 'socks5', 'socks5h'):
+            req.add_header('Ytdl-socks-proxy', proxy)
+            # yt-dlp's http/https handlers do wrapping the socket with socks
+            return None
+        return urllib.request.ProxyHandler.proxy_open(
+            self, req, proxy, None)
+
+
+class PUTRequest(urllib.request.Request):
+    def get_method(self):
+        return 'PUT'
+
+
+class HEADRequest(urllib.request.Request):
+    def get_method(self):
+        return 'HEAD'
+
+
+def update_Request(req, url=None, data=None, headers=None, query=None):
+    req_headers = req.headers.copy()
+    req_headers.update(headers or {})
+    req_data = data if data is not None else req.data
+    req_url = update_url_query(url or req.get_full_url(), query)
+    req_get_method = req.get_method()
+    if req_get_method == 'HEAD':
+        req_type = HEADRequest
+    elif req_get_method == 'PUT':
+        req_type = PUTRequest
+    else:
+        req_type = urllib.request.Request
+    new_req = req_type(
+        req_url, data=req_data, headers=req_headers,
+        origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host, unverifiable=req.unverifiable)
+    if hasattr(req, 'timeout'):
+        new_req.timeout = req.timeout
+    return new_req
+
+
+class UrllibResponseAdapter(Response):
+    """
+    HTTP Response adapter class for urllib addinfourl and http.client.HTTPResponse
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, res: http.client.HTTPResponse | urllib.response.addinfourl):
+        # addinfourl: In Python 3.9+, .status was introduced and .getcode() was deprecated [1]
+        # HTTPResponse: .getcode() was deprecated, .status always existed [2]
+        # 1. https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.request.html#urllib.response.addinfourl.getcode
+        # 2. https://docs.python.org/3.10/library/http.client.html#http.client.HTTPResponse.status
+        super().__init__(
+            fp=res, headers=res.headers, url=res.url,
+            status=getattr(res, 'status', None) or res.getcode(), reason=getattr(res, 'reason', None))
+
+    def read(self, amt=None):
+        try:
+            return self.fp.read(amt)
+        except Exception as e:
+            handle_response_read_exceptions(e)
+            raise e
+
+
+def handle_sslerror(e: ssl.SSLError):
+    if not isinstance(e, ssl.SSLError):
+        return
+    if isinstance(e, ssl.SSLCertVerificationError):
+        raise CertificateVerifyError(cause=e) from e
+    raise SSLError(cause=e) from e
+
+
+def handle_response_read_exceptions(e):
+    if isinstance(e, http.client.IncompleteRead):
+        raise IncompleteRead(partial=len(e.partial), cause=e, expected=e.expected) from e
+    elif isinstance(e, ssl.SSLError):
+        handle_sslerror(e)
+    elif isinstance(e, (OSError, EOFError, http.client.HTTPException, *CONTENT_DECODE_ERRORS)):
+        # OSErrors raised here should mostly be network related
+        raise TransportError(cause=e) from e
+
+
+@register_rh
+class UrllibRH(RequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
+    _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ('http', 'https', 'data', 'ftp')
+    _SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES = ('http', 'socks4', 'socks4a', 'socks5', 'socks5h')
+    _SUPPORTED_FEATURES = (Features.NO_PROXY, Features.ALL_PROXY)
+    RH_NAME = 'urllib'
+
+    def __init__(self, *, enable_file_urls: bool = False, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
+        self.enable_file_urls = enable_file_urls
+        if self.enable_file_urls:
+            self._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = (*self._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES, 'file')
+
+    def _check_extensions(self, extensions):
+        super()._check_extensions(extensions)
+        extensions.pop('cookiejar', None)
+        extensions.pop('timeout', None)
+
+    def _create_instance(self, proxies, cookiejar):
+        opener = urllib.request.OpenerDirector()
+        handlers = [
+            ProxyHandler(proxies),
+            HTTPHandler(
+                debuglevel=int(bool(self.verbose)),
+                context=self._make_sslcontext(),
+                source_address=self.source_address),
+            HTTPCookieProcessor(cookiejar),
+            DataHandler(),
+            UnknownHandler(),
+            HTTPDefaultErrorHandler(),
+            FTPHandler(),
+            HTTPErrorProcessor(),
+            RedirectHandler(),
+        ]
+
+        if self.enable_file_urls:
+            handlers.append(FileHandler())
+
+        for handler in handlers:
+            opener.add_handler(handler)
+
+        # Delete the default user-agent header, which would otherwise apply in
+        # cases where our custom HTTP handler doesn't come into play
+        # (See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1309 for details)
+        opener.addheaders = []
+        return opener
+
+    def _send(self, request):
+        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+        add_accept_encoding_header(headers, SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS)
+        urllib_req = urllib.request.Request(
+            url=request.url,
+            data=request.data,
+            headers=dict(headers),
+            method=request.method
+        )
+
+        opener = self._get_instance(
+            proxies=request.proxies or self.proxies,
+            cookiejar=request.extensions.get('cookiejar') or self.cookiejar
+        )
+        try:
+            res = opener.open(urllib_req, timeout=float(request.extensions.get('timeout') or self.timeout))
+        except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.fp, (http.client.HTTPResponse, urllib.response.addinfourl)):
+                # Prevent file object from being closed when urllib.error.HTTPError is destroyed.
+                e._closer.close_called = True
+                raise HTTPError(UrllibResponseAdapter(e.fp), redirect_loop='redirect error' in str(e)) from e
+            raise  # unexpected
+        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
+            cause = e.reason  # NOTE: cause may be a string
+
+            # proxy errors
+            if 'tunnel connection failed' in str(cause).lower() or isinstance(cause, SocksProxyError):
+                raise ProxyError(cause=e) from e
+
+            handle_response_read_exceptions(cause)
+            raise TransportError(cause=e) from e
+        except (http.client.InvalidURL, ValueError) as e:
+            # Validation errors
+            # http.client.HTTPConnection raises ValueError in some validation cases
+            # such as if request method contains illegal control characters [1]
+            # 1. https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1256
+            raise RequestError(cause=e) from e
+        except Exception as e:
+            handle_response_read_exceptions(e)
+            raise  # unexpected
+
+        return UrllibResponseAdapter(res)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/common.py b/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..584c7bb4d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
@@ -0,0 +1,564 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import abc
+import copy
+import enum
+import functools
+import io
+import typing
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+import urllib.response
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
+from email.message import Message
+from http import HTTPStatus
+
+from ._helper import make_ssl_context, wrap_request_errors
+from .exceptions import (
+    NoSupportingHandlers,
+    RequestError,
+    TransportError,
+    UnsupportedRequest,
+)
+from ..compat.types import NoneType
+from ..cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
+from ..utils import (
+    bug_reports_message,
+    classproperty,
+    deprecation_warning,
+    error_to_str,
+    update_url_query,
+)
+from ..utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict, normalize_url
+
+
+def register_preference(*handlers: type[RequestHandler]):
+    assert all(issubclass(handler, RequestHandler) for handler in handlers)
+
+    def outer(preference: Preference):
+        @functools.wraps(preference)
+        def inner(handler, *args, **kwargs):
+            if not handlers or isinstance(handler, handlers):
+                return preference(handler, *args, **kwargs)
+            return 0
+        _RH_PREFERENCES.add(inner)
+        return inner
+    return outer
+
+
+class RequestDirector:
+    """RequestDirector class
+
+    Helper class that, when given a request, forward it to a RequestHandler that supports it.
+
+    Preference functions in the form of func(handler, request) -> int
+    can be registered into the `preferences` set. These are used to sort handlers
+    in order of preference.
+
+    @param logger: Logger instance.
+    @param verbose: Print debug request information to stdout.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, logger, verbose=False):
+        self.handlers: dict[str, RequestHandler] = {}
+        self.preferences: set[Preference] = set()
+        self.logger = logger  # TODO(Grub4k): default logger
+        self.verbose = verbose
+
+    def close(self):
+        for handler in self.handlers.values():
+            handler.close()
+
+    def add_handler(self, handler: RequestHandler):
+        """Add a handler. If a handler of the same RH_KEY exists, it will overwrite it"""
+        assert isinstance(handler, RequestHandler), 'handler must be a RequestHandler'
+        self.handlers[handler.RH_KEY] = handler
+
+    def _get_handlers(self, request: Request) -> list[RequestHandler]:
+        """Sorts handlers by preference, given a request"""
+        preferences = {
+            rh: sum(pref(rh, request) for pref in self.preferences)
+            for rh in self.handlers.values()
+        }
+        self._print_verbose('Handler preferences for this request: %s' % ', '.join(
+            f'{rh.RH_NAME}={pref}' for rh, pref in preferences.items()))
+        return sorted(self.handlers.values(), key=preferences.get, reverse=True)
+
+    def _print_verbose(self, msg):
+        if self.verbose:
+            self.logger.stdout(f'director: {msg}')
+
+    def send(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        """
+        Passes a request onto a suitable RequestHandler
+        """
+        if not self.handlers:
+            raise RequestError('No request handlers configured')
+
+        assert isinstance(request, Request)
+
+        unexpected_errors = []
+        unsupported_errors = []
+        for handler in self._get_handlers(request):
+            self._print_verbose(f'Checking if "{handler.RH_NAME}" supports this request.')
+            try:
+                handler.validate(request)
+            except UnsupportedRequest as e:
+                self._print_verbose(
+                    f'"{handler.RH_NAME}" cannot handle this request (reason: {error_to_str(e)})')
+                unsupported_errors.append(e)
+                continue
+
+            self._print_verbose(f'Sending request via "{handler.RH_NAME}"')
+            try:
+                response = handler.send(request)
+            except RequestError:
+                raise
+            except Exception as e:
+                self.logger.error(
+                    f'[{handler.RH_NAME}] Unexpected error: {error_to_str(e)}{bug_reports_message()}',
+                    is_error=False)
+                unexpected_errors.append(e)
+                continue
+
+            assert isinstance(response, Response)
+            return response
+
+        raise NoSupportingHandlers(unsupported_errors, unexpected_errors)
+
+
+_REQUEST_HANDLERS = {}
+
+
+def register_rh(handler):
+    """Register a RequestHandler class"""
+    assert issubclass(handler, RequestHandler), f'{handler} must be a subclass of RequestHandler'
+    assert handler.RH_KEY not in _REQUEST_HANDLERS, f'RequestHandler {handler.RH_KEY} already registered'
+    _REQUEST_HANDLERS[handler.RH_KEY] = handler
+    return handler
+
+
+class Features(enum.Enum):
+    ALL_PROXY = enum.auto()
+    NO_PROXY = enum.auto()
+
+
+class RequestHandler(abc.ABC):
+
+    """Request Handler class
+
+    Request handlers are class that, given a Request,
+    process the request from start to finish and return a Response.
+
+    Concrete subclasses need to redefine the _send(request) method,
+    which handles the underlying request logic and returns a Response.
+
+    RH_NAME class variable may contain a display name for the RequestHandler.
+    By default, this is generated from the class name.
+
+    The concrete request handler MUST have "RH" as the suffix in the class name.
+
+    All exceptions raised by a RequestHandler should be an instance of RequestError.
+    Any other exception raised will be treated as a handler issue.
+
+    If a Request is not supported by the handler, an UnsupportedRequest
+    should be raised with a reason.
+
+    By default, some checks are done on the request in _validate() based on the following class variables:
+    - `_SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES`: a tuple of supported url schemes.
+        Any Request with an url scheme not in this list will raise an UnsupportedRequest.
+
+    - `_SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES`: a tuple of support proxy url schemes. Any Request that contains
+        a proxy url with an url scheme not in this list will raise an UnsupportedRequest.
+
+    - `_SUPPORTED_FEATURES`: a tuple of supported features, as defined in Features enum.
+
+    The above may be set to None to disable the checks.
+
+    Parameters:
+    @param logger: logger instance
+    @param headers: HTTP Headers to include when sending requests.
+    @param cookiejar: Cookiejar to use for requests.
+    @param timeout: Socket timeout to use when sending requests.
+    @param proxies: Proxies to use for sending requests.
+    @param source_address: Client-side IP address to bind to for requests.
+    @param verbose: Print debug request and traffic information to stdout.
+    @param prefer_system_certs: Whether to prefer system certificates over other means (e.g. certifi).
+    @param client_cert: SSL client certificate configuration.
+            dict with {client_certificate, client_certificate_key, client_certificate_password}
+    @param verify: Verify SSL certificates
+    @param legacy_ssl_support: Enable legacy SSL options such as legacy server connect and older cipher support.
+
+    Some configuration options may be available for individual Requests too. In this case,
+    either the Request configuration option takes precedence or they are merged.
+
+    Requests may have additional optional parameters defined as extensions.
+     RequestHandler subclasses may choose to support custom extensions.
+
+    If an extension is supported, subclasses should extend _check_extensions(extensions)
+    to pop and validate the extension.
+    - Extensions left in `extensions` are treated as unsupported and UnsupportedRequest will be raised.
+
+    The following extensions are defined for RequestHandler:
+    - `cookiejar`: Cookiejar to use for this request.
+    - `timeout`: socket timeout to use for this request.
+    To enable these, add extensions.pop('<extension>', None) to _check_extensions
+
+    Apart from the url protocol, proxies dict may contain the following keys:
+    - `all`: proxy to use for all protocols. Used as a fallback if no proxy is set for a specific protocol.
+    - `no`: comma seperated list of hostnames (optionally with port) to not use a proxy for.
+    Note: a RequestHandler may not support these, as defined in `_SUPPORTED_FEATURES`.
+
+    """
+
+    _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ()
+    _SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES = ()
+    _SUPPORTED_FEATURES = ()
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, *,
+        logger,  # TODO(Grub4k): default logger
+        headers: HTTPHeaderDict = None,
+        cookiejar: YoutubeDLCookieJar = None,
+        timeout: float | int | None = None,
+        proxies: dict = None,
+        source_address: str = None,
+        verbose: bool = False,
+        prefer_system_certs: bool = False,
+        client_cert: dict[str, str | None] = None,
+        verify: bool = True,
+        legacy_ssl_support: bool = False,
+        **_,
+    ):
+
+        self._logger = logger
+        self.headers = headers or {}
+        self.cookiejar = cookiejar if cookiejar is not None else YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        self.timeout = float(timeout or 20)
+        self.proxies = proxies or {}
+        self.source_address = source_address
+        self.verbose = verbose
+        self.prefer_system_certs = prefer_system_certs
+        self._client_cert = client_cert or {}
+        self.verify = verify
+        self.legacy_ssl_support = legacy_ssl_support
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def _make_sslcontext(self):
+        return make_ssl_context(
+            verify=self.verify,
+            legacy_support=self.legacy_ssl_support,
+            use_certifi=not self.prefer_system_certs,
+            **self._client_cert,
+        )
+
+    def _merge_headers(self, request_headers):
+        return HTTPHeaderDict(self.headers, request_headers)
+
+    def _check_url_scheme(self, request: Request):
+        scheme = urllib.parse.urlparse(request.url).scheme.lower()
+        if self._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES is not None and scheme not in self._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES:
+            raise UnsupportedRequest(f'Unsupported url scheme: "{scheme}"')
+        return scheme  # for further processing
+
+    def _check_proxies(self, proxies):
+        for proxy_key, proxy_url in proxies.items():
+            if proxy_url is None:
+                continue
+            if proxy_key == 'no':
+                if self._SUPPORTED_FEATURES is not None and Features.NO_PROXY not in self._SUPPORTED_FEATURES:
+                    raise UnsupportedRequest('"no" proxy is not supported')
+                continue
+            if (
+                proxy_key == 'all'
+                and self._SUPPORTED_FEATURES is not None
+                and Features.ALL_PROXY not in self._SUPPORTED_FEATURES
+            ):
+                raise UnsupportedRequest('"all" proxy is not supported')
+
+            # Unlikely this handler will use this proxy, so ignore.
+            # This is to allow a case where a proxy may be set for a protocol
+            # for one handler in which such protocol (and proxy) is not supported by another handler.
+            if self._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES is not None and proxy_key not in (*self._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES, 'all'):
+                continue
+
+            if self._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES is None:
+                # Skip proxy scheme checks
+                continue
+
+            try:
+                if urllib.request._parse_proxy(proxy_url)[0] is None:
+                    # Scheme-less proxies are not supported
+                    raise UnsupportedRequest(f'Proxy "{proxy_url}" missing scheme')
+            except ValueError as e:
+                # parse_proxy may raise on some invalid proxy urls such as "/a/b/c"
+                raise UnsupportedRequest(f'Invalid proxy url "{proxy_url}": {e}')
+
+            scheme = urllib.parse.urlparse(proxy_url).scheme.lower()
+            if scheme not in self._SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES:
+                raise UnsupportedRequest(f'Unsupported proxy type: "{scheme}"')
+
+    def _check_extensions(self, extensions):
+        """Check extensions for unsupported extensions. Subclasses should extend this."""
+        assert isinstance(extensions.get('cookiejar'), (YoutubeDLCookieJar, NoneType))
+        assert isinstance(extensions.get('timeout'), (float, int, NoneType))
+
+    def _validate(self, request):
+        self._check_url_scheme(request)
+        self._check_proxies(request.proxies or self.proxies)
+        extensions = request.extensions.copy()
+        self._check_extensions(extensions)
+        if extensions:
+            # TODO: add support for optional extensions
+            raise UnsupportedRequest(f'Unsupported extensions: {", ".join(extensions.keys())}')
+
+    @wrap_request_errors
+    def validate(self, request: Request):
+        if not isinstance(request, Request):
+            raise TypeError('Expected an instance of Request')
+        self._validate(request)
+
+    @wrap_request_errors
+    def send(self, request: Request) -> Response:
+        if not isinstance(request, Request):
+            raise TypeError('Expected an instance of Request')
+        return self._send(request)
+
+    @abc.abstractmethod
+    def _send(self, request: Request):
+        """Handle a request from start to finish. Redefine in subclasses."""
+        pass
+
+    def close(self):
+        pass
+
+    @classproperty
+    def RH_NAME(cls):
+        return cls.__name__[:-2]
+
+    @classproperty
+    def RH_KEY(cls):
+        assert cls.__name__.endswith('RH'), 'RequestHandler class names must end with "RH"'
+        return cls.__name__[:-2]
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        return self
+
+    def __exit__(self, *args):
+        self.close()
+
+
+class Request:
+    """
+    Represents a request to be made.
+    Partially backwards-compatible with urllib.request.Request.
+
+    @param url: url to send. Will be sanitized.
+    @param data: payload data to send. Must be bytes, iterable of bytes, a file-like object or None
+    @param headers: headers to send.
+    @param proxies: proxy dict mapping of proto:proxy to use for the request and any redirects.
+    @param query: URL query parameters to update the url with.
+    @param method: HTTP method to use. If no method specified, will use POST if payload data is present else GET
+    @param extensions: Dictionary of Request extensions to add, as supported by handlers.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            url: str,
+            data: RequestData = None,
+            headers: typing.Mapping = None,
+            proxies: dict = None,
+            query: dict = None,
+            method: str = None,
+            extensions: dict = None
+    ):
+
+        self._headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
+        self._data = None
+
+        if query:
+            url = update_url_query(url, query)
+
+        self.url = url
+        self.method = method
+        if headers:
+            self.headers = headers
+        self.data = data  # note: must be done after setting headers
+        self.proxies = proxies or {}
+        self.extensions = extensions or {}
+
+    @property
+    def url(self):
+        return self._url
+
+    @url.setter
+    def url(self, url):
+        if not isinstance(url, str):
+            raise TypeError('url must be a string')
+        elif url.startswith('//'):
+            url = 'http:' + url
+        self._url = normalize_url(url)
+
+    @property
+    def method(self):
+        return self._method or ('POST' if self.data is not None else 'GET')
+
+    @method.setter
+    def method(self, method):
+        if method is None:
+            self._method = None
+        elif isinstance(method, str):
+            self._method = method.upper()
+        else:
+            raise TypeError('method must be a string')
+
+    @property
+    def data(self):
+        return self._data
+
+    @data.setter
+    def data(self, data: RequestData):
+        # Try catch some common mistakes
+        if data is not None and (
+            not isinstance(data, (bytes, io.IOBase, Iterable)) or isinstance(data, (str, Mapping))
+        ):
+            raise TypeError('data must be bytes, iterable of bytes, or a file-like object')
+
+        if data == self._data and self._data is None:
+            self.headers.pop('Content-Length', None)
+
+        # https://docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.request.html#urllib.request.Request.data
+        if data != self._data:
+            if self._data is not None:
+                self.headers.pop('Content-Length', None)
+            self._data = data
+
+        if self._data is None:
+            self.headers.pop('Content-Type', None)
+
+        if 'Content-Type' not in self.headers and self._data is not None:
+            self.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self) -> HTTPHeaderDict:
+        return self._headers
+
+    @headers.setter
+    def headers(self, new_headers: Mapping):
+        """Replaces headers of the request. If not a CaseInsensitiveDict, it will be converted to one."""
+        if isinstance(new_headers, HTTPHeaderDict):
+            self._headers = new_headers
+        elif isinstance(new_headers, Mapping):
+            self._headers = HTTPHeaderDict(new_headers)
+        else:
+            raise TypeError('headers must be a mapping')
+
+    def update(self, url=None, data=None, headers=None, query=None):
+        self.data = data if data is not None else self.data
+        self.headers.update(headers or {})
+        self.url = update_url_query(url or self.url, query or {})
+
+    def copy(self):
+        return self.__class__(
+            url=self.url,
+            headers=copy.deepcopy(self.headers),
+            proxies=copy.deepcopy(self.proxies),
+            data=self._data,
+            extensions=copy.copy(self.extensions),
+            method=self._method,
+        )
+
+
+HEADRequest = functools.partial(Request, method='HEAD')
+PUTRequest = functools.partial(Request, method='PUT')
+
+
+class Response(io.IOBase):
+    """
+    Base class for HTTP response adapters.
+
+    By default, it provides a basic wrapper for a file-like response object.
+
+    Interface partially backwards-compatible with addinfourl and http.client.HTTPResponse.
+
+    @param fp: Original, file-like, response.
+    @param url: URL that this is a response of.
+    @param headers: response headers.
+    @param status: Response HTTP status code. Default is 200 OK.
+    @param reason: HTTP status reason. Will use built-in reasons based on status code if not provided.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+            self,
+            fp: typing.IO,
+            url: str,
+            headers: Mapping[str, str],
+            status: int = 200,
+            reason: str = None):
+
+        self.fp = fp
+        self.headers = Message()
+        for name, value in headers.items():
+            self.headers.add_header(name, value)
+        self.status = status
+        self.url = url
+        try:
+            self.reason = reason or HTTPStatus(status).phrase
+        except ValueError:
+            self.reason = None
+
+    def readable(self):
+        return self.fp.readable()
+
+    def read(self, amt: int = None) -> bytes:
+        # Expected errors raised here should be of type RequestError or subclasses.
+        # Subclasses should redefine this method with more precise error handling.
+        try:
+            return self.fp.read(amt)
+        except Exception as e:
+            raise TransportError(cause=e) from e
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.fp.close()
+        return super().close()
+
+    def get_header(self, name, default=None):
+        """Get header for name.
+        If there are multiple matching headers, return all seperated by comma."""
+        headers = self.headers.get_all(name)
+        if not headers:
+            return default
+        if name.title() == 'Set-Cookie':
+            # Special case, only get the first one
+            # https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc9110.html#section-5.3-4.1
+            return headers[0]
+        return ', '.join(headers)
+
+    # The following methods are for compatability reasons and are deprecated
+    @property
+    def code(self):
+        deprecation_warning('Response.code is deprecated, use Response.status', stacklevel=2)
+        return self.status
+
+    def getcode(self):
+        deprecation_warning('Response.getcode() is deprecated, use Response.status', stacklevel=2)
+        return self.status
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        deprecation_warning('Response.geturl() is deprecated, use Response.url', stacklevel=2)
+        return self.url
+
+    def info(self):
+        deprecation_warning('Response.info() is deprecated, use Response.headers', stacklevel=2)
+        return self.headers
+
+    def getheader(self, name, default=None):
+        deprecation_warning('Response.getheader() is deprecated, use Response.get_header', stacklevel=2)
+        return self.get_header(name, default)
+
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    RequestData = bytes | Iterable[bytes] | typing.IO | None
+    Preference = typing.Callable[[RequestHandler, Request], int]
+
+_RH_PREFERENCES: set[Preference] = set()
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/exceptions.py b/yt_dlp/networking/exceptions.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..12441901c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/exceptions.py
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import typing
+import urllib.error
+
+from ..utils import YoutubeDLError, deprecation_warning
+
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from .common import RequestHandler, Response
+
+
+class RequestError(YoutubeDLError):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        msg: str | None = None,
+        cause: Exception | str | None = None,
+        handler: RequestHandler = None
+    ):
+        self.handler = handler
+        self.cause = cause
+        if not msg and cause:
+            msg = str(cause)
+        super().__init__(msg)
+
+
+class UnsupportedRequest(RequestError):
+    """raised when a handler cannot handle a request"""
+    pass
+
+
+class NoSupportingHandlers(RequestError):
+    """raised when no handlers can support a request for various reasons"""
+
+    def __init__(self, unsupported_errors: list[UnsupportedRequest], unexpected_errors: list[Exception]):
+        self.unsupported_errors = unsupported_errors or []
+        self.unexpected_errors = unexpected_errors or []
+
+        # Print a quick summary of the errors
+        err_handler_map = {}
+        for err in unsupported_errors:
+            err_handler_map.setdefault(err.msg, []).append(err.handler.RH_NAME)
+
+        reason_str = ', '.join([f'{msg} ({", ".join(handlers)})' for msg, handlers in err_handler_map.items()])
+        if unexpected_errors:
+            reason_str = ' + '.join(filter(None, [reason_str, f'{len(unexpected_errors)} unexpected error(s)']))
+
+        err_str = 'Unable to handle request'
+        if reason_str:
+            err_str += f': {reason_str}'
+
+        super().__init__(msg=err_str)
+
+
+class TransportError(RequestError):
+    """Network related errors"""
+
+
+class HTTPError(RequestError):
+    def __init__(self, response: Response, redirect_loop=False):
+        self.response = response
+        self.status = response.status
+        self.reason = response.reason
+        self.redirect_loop = redirect_loop
+        msg = f'HTTP Error {response.status}: {response.reason}'
+        if redirect_loop:
+            msg += ' (redirect loop detected)'
+
+        super().__init__(msg=msg)
+
+    def close(self):
+        self.response.close()
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'<HTTPError {self.status}: {self.reason}>'
+
+
+class IncompleteRead(TransportError):
+    def __init__(self, partial: int, expected: int | None = None, **kwargs):
+        self.partial = partial
+        self.expected = expected
+        msg = f'{partial} bytes read'
+        if expected is not None:
+            msg += f', {expected} more expected'
+
+        super().__init__(msg=msg, **kwargs)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'<IncompleteRead: {self.msg}>'
+
+
+class SSLError(TransportError):
+    pass
+
+
+class CertificateVerifyError(SSLError):
+    """Raised when certificate validated has failed"""
+    pass
+
+
+class ProxyError(TransportError):
+    pass
+
+
+class _CompatHTTPError(urllib.error.HTTPError, HTTPError):
+    """
+    Provides backwards compatibility with urllib.error.HTTPError.
+    Do not use this class directly, use HTTPError instead.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, http_error: HTTPError):
+        super().__init__(
+            url=http_error.response.url,
+            code=http_error.status,
+            msg=http_error.msg,
+            hdrs=http_error.response.headers,
+            fp=http_error.response
+        )
+        self._closer.close_called = True  # Disable auto close
+        self._http_error = http_error
+        HTTPError.__init__(self, http_error.response, redirect_loop=http_error.redirect_loop)
+
+    @property
+    def status(self):
+        return self._http_error.status
+
+    @status.setter
+    def status(self, value):
+        return
+
+    @property
+    def reason(self):
+        return self._http_error.reason
+
+    @reason.setter
+    def reason(self, value):
+        return
+
+    @property
+    def headers(self):
+        deprecation_warning('HTTPError.headers is deprecated, use HTTPError.response.headers instead')
+        return self._http_error.response.headers
+
+    @headers.setter
+    def headers(self, value):
+        return
+
+    def info(self):
+        deprecation_warning('HTTPError.info() is deprecated, use HTTPError.response.headers instead')
+        return self.response.headers
+
+    def getcode(self):
+        deprecation_warning('HTTPError.getcode is deprecated, use HTTPError.status instead')
+        return self.status
+
+    def geturl(self):
+        deprecation_warning('HTTPError.geturl is deprecated, use HTTPError.response.url instead')
+        return self.response.url
+
+    @property
+    def code(self):
+        deprecation_warning('HTTPError.code is deprecated, use HTTPError.status instead')
+        return self.status
+
+    @code.setter
+    def code(self, value):
+        return
+
+    @property
+    def url(self):
+        deprecation_warning('HTTPError.url is deprecated, use HTTPError.response.url instead')
+        return self.response.url
+
+    @url.setter
+    def url(self, value):
+        return
+
+    @property
+    def hdrs(self):
+        deprecation_warning('HTTPError.hdrs is deprecated, use HTTPError.response.headers instead')
+        return self.response.headers
+
+    @hdrs.setter
+    def hdrs(self, value):
+        return
+
+    @property
+    def filename(self):
+        deprecation_warning('HTTPError.filename is deprecated, use HTTPError.response.url instead')
+        return self.response.url
+
+    @filename.setter
+    def filename(self, value):
+        return
+
+    def __getattr__(self, name):
+        # File operations are passed through the response.
+        # Warn for some commonly used ones
+        passthrough_warnings = {
+            'read': 'response.read()',
+            # technically possibly due to passthrough, but we should discourage this
+            'get_header': 'response.get_header()',
+            'readable': 'response.readable()',
+            'closed': 'response.closed',
+            'tell': 'response.tell()',
+        }
+        if name in passthrough_warnings:
+            deprecation_warning(f'HTTPError.{name} is deprecated, use HTTPError.{passthrough_warnings[name]} instead')
+        return super().__getattr__(name)
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        return str(self._http_error)
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return repr(self._http_error)
+
+
+network_exceptions = (HTTPError, TransportError)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/options.py b/yt_dlp/options.py
index 84aeda7f1..e9d927717 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/options.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/options.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
     join_nonempty,
     orderedSet_from_options,
     remove_end,
+    variadic,
     write_string,
 )
 from .version import CHANNEL, __version__
@@ -243,14 +244,14 @@ def _dict_from_options_callback(
         if multiple_keys:
             allowed_keys = fr'({allowed_keys})(,({allowed_keys}))*'
         mobj = re.match(
-            fr'(?i)(?P<keys>{allowed_keys}){delimiter}(?P<val>.*)$',
+            fr'(?is)(?P<keys>{allowed_keys}){delimiter}(?P<val>.*)$',
             value[0] if multiple_args else value)
         if mobj is not None:
             keys, val = mobj.group('keys').split(','), mobj.group('val')
             if multiple_args:
                 val = [val, *value[1:]]
         elif default_key is not None:
-            keys, val = [default_key], value
+            keys, val = variadic(default_key), value
         else:
             raise optparse.OptionValueError(
                 f'wrong {opt_str} formatting; it should be {option.metavar}, not "{value}"')
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         help='Print program version and exit')
     general.add_option(
         '-U', '--update',
-        action='store_true', dest='update_self',
+        action='store_const', dest='update_self', const=CHANNEL,
         help=format_field(
             is_non_updateable(), None, 'Check if updates are available. %s',
             default=f'Update this program to the latest {CHANNEL} version'))
@@ -335,9 +336,9 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         '--update-to',
         action='store', dest='update_self', metavar='[CHANNEL]@[TAG]',
         help=(
-            'Upgrade/downgrade to a specific version. CHANNEL and TAG defaults to '
-            f'"{CHANNEL}" and "latest" respectively if omitted; See "UPDATE" for details. '
-            f'Supported channels: {", ".join(UPDATE_SOURCES)}'))
+            'Upgrade/downgrade to a specific version. CHANNEL can be a repository as well. '
+            f'CHANNEL and TAG default to "{CHANNEL.partition("@")[0]}" and "latest" respectively if omitted; '
+            f'See "UPDATE" for details. Supported channels: {", ".join(UPDATE_SOURCES)}'))
     general.add_option(
         '-i', '--ignore-errors',
         action='store_true', dest='ignoreerrors',
@@ -411,7 +412,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
     general.add_option(
         '--no-flat-playlist',
         action='store_false', dest='extract_flat',
-        help='Extract the videos of a playlist')
+        help='Fully extract the videos of a playlist (default)')
     general.add_option(
         '--live-from-start',
         action='store_true', dest='live_from_start',
@@ -440,8 +441,25 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         help='Do not mark videos watched (default)')
     general.add_option(
         '--no-colors', '--no-colours',
-        action='store_true', dest='no_color', default=False,
-        help='Do not emit color codes in output (Alias: --no-colours)')
+        action='store_const', dest='color', const={
+            'stdout': 'no_color',
+            'stderr': 'no_color',
+        },
+        help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+    general.add_option(
+        '--color',
+        dest='color', metavar='[STREAM:]POLICY', default={}, type='str',
+        action='callback', callback=_dict_from_options_callback,
+        callback_kwargs={
+            'allowed_keys': 'stdout|stderr',
+            'default_key': ['stdout', 'stderr'],
+            'process': str.strip,
+        }, help=(
+            'Whether to emit color codes in output, optionally prefixed by '
+            'the STREAM (stdout or stderr) to apply the setting to. '
+            'Can be one of "always", "auto" (default), "never", or '
+            '"no_color" (use non color terminal sequences). '
+            'Can be used multiple times'))
     general.add_option(
         '--compat-options',
         metavar='OPTS', dest='compat_opts', default=set(), type='str',
@@ -449,15 +467,16 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         callback_kwargs={
             'allowed_values': {
                 'filename', 'filename-sanitization', 'format-sort', 'abort-on-error', 'format-spec', 'no-playlist-metafiles',
-                'multistreams', 'no-live-chat', 'playlist-index', 'list-formats', 'no-direct-merge',
+                'multistreams', 'no-live-chat', 'playlist-index', 'list-formats', 'no-direct-merge', 'playlist-match-filter',
                 'no-attach-info-json', 'embed-thumbnail-atomicparsley', 'no-external-downloader-progress',
                 'embed-metadata', 'seperate-video-versions', 'no-clean-infojson', 'no-keep-subs', 'no-certifi',
                 'no-youtube-channel-redirect', 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos', 'no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date',
+                'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx'
             }, 'aliases': {
-                'youtube-dl': ['all', '-multistreams'],
-                'youtube-dlc': ['all', '-no-youtube-channel-redirect', '-no-live-chat'],
+                'youtube-dl': ['all', '-multistreams', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx'],
+                'youtube-dlc': ['all', '-no-youtube-channel-redirect', '-no-live-chat', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx'],
                 '2021': ['2022', 'no-certifi', 'filename-sanitization', 'no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date'],
-                '2022': ['no-external-downloader-progress'],
+                '2022': ['no-external-downloader-progress', 'playlist-match-filter', 'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx'],
             }
         }, help=(
             'Options that can help keep compatibility with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc '
@@ -519,22 +538,27 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         '--cn-verification-proxy',
         dest='cn_verification_proxy', default=None, metavar='URL',
         help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
+    geo.add_option(
+        '--xff', metavar='VALUE',
+        dest='geo_bypass', default='default',
+        help=(
+            'How to fake X-Forwarded-For HTTP header to try bypassing geographic restriction. '
+            'One of "default" (only when known to be useful), "never", '
+            'an IP block in CIDR notation, or a two-letter ISO 3166-2 country code'))
     geo.add_option(
         '--geo-bypass',
-        action='store_true', dest='geo_bypass', default=True,
-        help='Bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header (default)')
+        action='store_const', dest='geo_bypass', const='default',
+        help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
     geo.add_option(
         '--no-geo-bypass',
-        action='store_false', dest='geo_bypass',
-        help='Do not bypass geographic restriction via faking X-Forwarded-For HTTP header')
+        action='store_const', dest='geo_bypass', const='never',
+        help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
     geo.add_option(
-        '--geo-bypass-country', metavar='CODE',
-        dest='geo_bypass_country', default=None,
-        help='Force bypass geographic restriction with explicitly provided two-letter ISO 3166-2 country code')
+        '--geo-bypass-country', metavar='CODE', dest='geo_bypass',
+        help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
     geo.add_option(
-        '--geo-bypass-ip-block', metavar='IP_BLOCK',
-        dest='geo_bypass_ip_block', default=None,
-        help='Force bypass geographic restriction with explicitly provided IP block in CIDR notation')
+        '--geo-bypass-ip-block', metavar='IP_BLOCK', dest='geo_bypass',
+        help=optparse.SUPPRESS_HELP)
 
     selection = optparse.OptionGroup(parser, 'Video Selection')
     selection.add_option(
@@ -612,7 +636,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
             'that contains the phrase "cats & dogs" (caseless). '
             'Use "--match-filter -" to interactively ask whether to download each video'))
     selection.add_option(
-        '--no-match-filter',
+        '--no-match-filters',
         dest='match_filter', action='store_const', const=None,
         help='Do not use any --match-filter (default)')
     selection.add_option(
@@ -697,10 +721,14 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         '--netrc-location',
         dest='netrc_location', metavar='PATH',
         help='Location of .netrc authentication data; either the path or its containing directory. Defaults to ~/.netrc')
+    authentication.add_option(
+        '--netrc-cmd',
+        dest='netrc_cmd', metavar='NETRC_CMD',
+        help='Command to execute to get the credentials for an extractor.')
     authentication.add_option(
         '--video-password',
         dest='videopassword', metavar='PASSWORD',
-        help='Video password (vimeo, youku)')
+        help='Video-specific password')
     authentication.add_option(
         '--ap-mso',
         dest='ap_mso', metavar='MSO',
@@ -985,8 +1013,9 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         '--download-sections',
         metavar='REGEX', dest='download_ranges', action='append',
         help=(
-            'Download only chapters whose title matches the given regular expression. '
-            'Time ranges prefixed by a "*" can also be used in place of chapters to download the specified range. '
+            'Download only chapters that match the regular expression. '
+            'A "*" prefix denotes time-range instead of chapter. Negative timestamps are calculated from the end. '
+            '"*from-url" can be used to download between the "start_time" and "end_time" extracted from the URL. '
             'Needs ffmpeg. This option can be used multiple times to download multiple sections, '
             'e.g. --download-sections "*10:15-inf" --download-sections "intro"'))
     downloader.add_option(
@@ -1079,8 +1108,12 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
     verbosity = optparse.OptionGroup(parser, 'Verbosity and Simulation Options')
     verbosity.add_option(
         '-q', '--quiet',
-        action='store_true', dest='quiet', default=False,
+        action='store_true', dest='quiet', default=None,
         help='Activate quiet mode. If used with --verbose, print the log to stderr')
+    verbosity.add_option(
+        '--no-quiet',
+        action='store_false', dest='quiet',
+        help='Deactivate quiet mode. (Default)')
     verbosity.add_option(
         '--no-warnings',
         dest='no_warnings', action='store_true', default=False,
@@ -1383,8 +1416,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         '--clean-info-json', '--clean-infojson',
         action='store_true', dest='clean_infojson', default=None,
         help=(
-            'Remove some private fields such as filenames from the infojson. '
-            'Note that it could still contain some personal information (default)'))
+            'Remove some internal metadata such as filenames from the infojson (default)'))
     filesystem.add_option(
         '--no-clean-info-json', '--no-clean-infojson',
         action='store_false', dest='clean_infojson',
@@ -1647,8 +1679,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
             'Execute a command, optionally prefixed with when to execute it, separated by a ":". '
             'Supported values of "WHEN" are the same as that of --use-postprocessor (default: after_move). '
             'Same syntax as the output template can be used to pass any field as arguments to the command. '
-            'After download, an additional field "filepath" that contains the final path of the downloaded file '
-            'is also available, and if no fields are passed, %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended to the end of the command. '
+            'If no fields are passed, %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended to the end of the command. '
             'This option can be used multiple times'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--no-exec',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
index 537792b07..8cef86c43 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
@@ -1,16 +1,15 @@
 import functools
 import json
 import os
-import urllib.error
 
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
 from ..utils import (
     PostProcessingError,
     RetryManager,
     _configuration_args,
     deprecation_warning,
     encodeFilename,
-    network_exceptions,
-    sanitized_Request,
 )
 
 
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ def report_progress(self, s):
         tmpl = progress_template.get('postprocess')
         if tmpl:
             self._downloader.to_screen(
-                self._downloader.evaluate_outtmpl(tmpl, progress_dict), skip_eol=True, quiet=False)
+                self._downloader.evaluate_outtmpl(tmpl, progress_dict), quiet=False)
 
         self._downloader.to_console_title(self._downloader.evaluate_outtmpl(
             progress_template.get('postprocess-title') or 'yt-dlp %(progress._default_template)s',
@@ -203,13 +202,13 @@ def _download_json(self, url, *, expected_http_errors=(404,)):
         self.write_debug(f'{self.PP_NAME} query: {url}')
         for retry in RetryManager(self.get_param('extractor_retries', 3), self._retry_download):
             try:
-                rsp = self._downloader.urlopen(sanitized_Request(url))
+                rsp = self._downloader.urlopen(Request(url))
             except network_exceptions as e:
-                if isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.code in expected_http_errors:
+                if isinstance(e, HTTPError) and e.status in expected_http_errors:
                     return None
                 retry.error = PostProcessingError(f'Unable to communicate with {self.PP_NAME} API: {e}')
                 continue
-        return json.loads(rsp.read().decode(rsp.info().get_param('charset') or 'utf-8'))
+        return json.loads(rsp.read().decode(rsp.headers.get_param('charset') or 'utf-8'))
 
 
 class AudioConversionError(PostProcessingError):  # Deprecated
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
index b02d9d499..d7be0b398 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
@@ -107,14 +107,14 @@ def run(self, info):
                 options.extend(['-map', '-0:%d' % old_stream])
                 new_stream -= 1
             options.extend([
-                '-attach', thumbnail_filename,
+                '-attach', self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(thumbnail_filename),
                 '-metadata:s:%d' % new_stream, 'mimetype=%s' % mimetype,
                 '-metadata:s:%d' % new_stream, 'filename=cover.%s' % thumbnail_ext])
 
             self._report_run('ffmpeg', filename)
             self.run_ffmpeg(filename, temp_filename, options)
 
-        elif info['ext'] in ['m4a', 'mp4', 'mov']:
+        elif info['ext'] in ['m4a', 'mp4', 'm4v', 'mov']:
             prefer_atomicparsley = 'embed-thumbnail-atomicparsley' in self.get_param('compat_opts', [])
             # Method 1: Use mutagen
             if not mutagen or prefer_atomicparsley:
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ def run(self, info):
             temp_filename = filename
 
         else:
-            raise EmbedThumbnailPPError('Supported filetypes for thumbnail embedding are: mp3, mkv/mka, ogg/opus/flac, m4a/mp4/mov')
+            raise EmbedThumbnailPPError('Supported filetypes for thumbnail embedding are: mp3, mkv/mka, ogg/opus/flac, m4a/mp4/m4v/mov')
 
         if success and temp_filename != filename:
             os.replace(temp_filename, filename)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/exec.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/exec.py
index cfc83167c..c2e73fbab 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/exec.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/exec.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-import subprocess
-
 from .common import PostProcessor
 from ..compat import compat_shlex_quote
-from ..utils import PostProcessingError, encodeArgument, variadic
+from ..utils import Popen, PostProcessingError, variadic
 
 
 class ExecPP(PostProcessor):
@@ -27,10 +25,10 @@ def parse_cmd(self, cmd, info):
     def run(self, info):
         for tmpl in self.exec_cmd:
             cmd = self.parse_cmd(tmpl, info)
-            self.to_screen('Executing command: %s' % cmd)
-            retCode = subprocess.call(encodeArgument(cmd), shell=True)
-            if retCode != 0:
-                raise PostProcessingError('Command returned error code %d' % retCode)
+            self.to_screen(f'Executing command: {cmd}')
+            _, _, return_code = Popen.run(cmd, shell=True)
+            if return_code != 0:
+                raise PostProcessingError(f'Command returned error code {return_code}')
         return [], info
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
index 0e8f4c70b..323f4303c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
@@ -809,7 +809,7 @@ def _get_infojson_opts(self, info, infofn):
             new_stream -= 1
 
         yield (
-            '-attach', infofn,
+            '-attach', self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(infofn),
             f'-metadata:s:{new_stream}', 'mimetype=application/json',
             f'-metadata:s:{new_stream}', 'filename=info.json',
         )
@@ -898,8 +898,11 @@ def _needs_fixup(self, info):
     @PostProcessor._restrict_to(images=False)
     def run(self, info):
         if all(self._needs_fixup(info)):
+            args = ['-f', 'mp4']
+            if self.get_audio_codec(info['filepath']) == 'aac':
+                args.extend(['-bsf:a', 'aac_adtstoasc'])
             self._fixup('Fixing MPEG-TS in MP4 container', info['filepath'], [
-                *self.stream_copy_opts(), '-f', 'mp4', '-bsf:a', 'aac_adtstoasc'])
+                *self.stream_copy_opts(), *args])
         return [], info
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/socks.py b/yt_dlp/socks.py
index f93328f63..e7f41d7e2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/socks.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/socks.py
@@ -134,26 +134,31 @@ def _check_response_version(self, expected_version, got_version):
             self.close()
             raise InvalidVersionError(expected_version, got_version)
 
-    def _resolve_address(self, destaddr, default, use_remote_dns):
-        try:
-            return socket.inet_aton(destaddr)
-        except OSError:
-            if use_remote_dns and self._proxy.remote_dns:
-                return default
-            else:
-                return socket.inet_aton(socket.gethostbyname(destaddr))
+    def _resolve_address(self, destaddr, default, use_remote_dns, family=None):
+        for f in (family,) if family else (socket.AF_INET, socket.AF_INET6):
+            try:
+                return f, socket.inet_pton(f, destaddr)
+            except OSError:
+                continue
+
+        if use_remote_dns and self._proxy.remote_dns:
+            return 0, default
+        else:
+            res = socket.getaddrinfo(destaddr, None, family=family or 0)
+            f, _, _, _, ipaddr = res[0]
+            return f, socket.inet_pton(f, ipaddr[0])
 
     def _setup_socks4(self, address, is_4a=False):
         destaddr, port = address
 
-        ipaddr = self._resolve_address(destaddr, SOCKS4_DEFAULT_DSTIP, use_remote_dns=is_4a)
+        _, ipaddr = self._resolve_address(destaddr, SOCKS4_DEFAULT_DSTIP, use_remote_dns=is_4a, family=socket.AF_INET)
 
         packet = struct.pack('!BBH', SOCKS4_VERSION, Socks4Command.CMD_CONNECT, port) + ipaddr
 
         username = (self._proxy.username or '').encode()
         packet += username + b'\x00'
 
-        if is_4a and self._proxy.remote_dns:
+        if is_4a and self._proxy.remote_dns and ipaddr == SOCKS4_DEFAULT_DSTIP:
             packet += destaddr.encode() + b'\x00'
 
         self.sendall(packet)
@@ -210,7 +215,7 @@ def _socks5_auth(self):
     def _setup_socks5(self, address):
         destaddr, port = address
 
-        ipaddr = self._resolve_address(destaddr, None, use_remote_dns=True)
+        family, ipaddr = self._resolve_address(destaddr, None, use_remote_dns=True)
 
         self._socks5_auth()
 
@@ -220,8 +225,10 @@ def _setup_socks5(self, address):
             destaddr = destaddr.encode()
             packet += struct.pack('!B', Socks5AddressType.ATYP_DOMAINNAME)
             packet += self._len_and_data(destaddr)
-        else:
+        elif family == socket.AF_INET:
             packet += struct.pack('!B', Socks5AddressType.ATYP_IPV4) + ipaddr
+        elif family == socket.AF_INET6:
+            packet += struct.pack('!B', Socks5AddressType.ATYP_IPV6) + ipaddr
         packet += struct.pack('!H', port)
 
         self.sendall(packet)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/update.py b/yt_dlp/update.py
index 5a752d716..85c9bb962 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/update.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/update.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import atexit
 import contextlib
 import hashlib
@@ -7,31 +9,43 @@
 import re
 import subprocess
 import sys
-import urllib.error
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 from zipimport import zipimporter
 
 from .compat import functools  # isort: split
 from .compat import compat_realpath, compat_shlex_quote
+from .networking import Request
+from .networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
 from .utils import (
+    NO_DEFAULT,
     Popen,
-    cached_method,
     deprecation_warning,
+    format_field,
     remove_end,
-    remove_start,
-    sanitized_Request,
     shell_quote,
     system_identifier,
     version_tuple,
 )
-from .version import CHANNEL, UPDATE_HINT, VARIANT, __version__
+from .version import (
+    CHANNEL,
+    ORIGIN,
+    RELEASE_GIT_HEAD,
+    UPDATE_HINT,
+    VARIANT,
+    __version__,
+)
 
 UPDATE_SOURCES = {
     'stable': 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp',
     'nightly': 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds',
+    'master': 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds',
 }
 REPOSITORY = UPDATE_SOURCES['stable']
+_INVERSE_UPDATE_SOURCES = {value: key for key, value in UPDATE_SOURCES.items()}
 
 _VERSION_RE = re.compile(r'(\d+\.)*\d+')
+_HASH_PATTERN = r'[\da-f]{40}'
+_COMMIT_RE = re.compile(rf'Generated from: https://(?:[^/?#]+/){{3}}commit/(?P<hash>{_HASH_PATTERN})')
 
 API_BASE_URL = 'https://api.github.com/repos'
 
@@ -112,6 +126,35 @@ def is_non_updateable():
         detect_variant(), _NON_UPDATEABLE_REASONS['unknown' if VARIANT else 'other'])
 
 
+def _get_binary_name():
+    return format_field(_FILE_SUFFIXES, detect_variant(), template='yt-dlp%s', ignore=None, default=None)
+
+
+def _get_system_deprecation():
+    MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 7), (3, 8)
+
+    if sys.version_info > MIN_RECOMMENDED:
+        return None
+
+    major, minor = sys.version_info[:2]
+    if sys.version_info < MIN_SUPPORTED:
+        msg = f'Python version {major}.{minor} is no longer supported'
+    else:
+        msg = f'Support for Python version {major}.{minor} has been deprecated. '
+        # Temporary until `win_x86_exe` uses 3.8, which will deprecate Vista and Server 2008
+        if detect_variant() == 'win_x86_exe':
+            platform_name = platform.platform()
+            if any(platform_name.startswith(f'Windows-{name}') for name in ('Vista', '2008Server')):
+                msg = 'Support for Windows Vista/Server 2008 has been deprecated. '
+            else:
+                return None
+        msg += ('See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7803  for details.'
+                '\nYou may stop receiving updates on this version at any time')
+
+    major, minor = MIN_RECOMMENDED
+    return f'{msg}! Please update to Python {major}.{minor} or above'
+
+
 def _sha256_file(path):
     h = hashlib.sha256()
     mv = memoryview(bytearray(128 * 1024))
@@ -121,169 +164,293 @@ def _sha256_file(path):
     return h.hexdigest()
 
 
+def _make_label(origin, tag, version=None):
+    if '/' in origin:
+        channel = _INVERSE_UPDATE_SOURCES.get(origin, origin)
+    else:
+        channel = origin
+    label = f'{channel}@{tag}'
+    if version and version != tag:
+        label += f' build {version}'
+    if channel != origin:
+        label += f' from {origin}'
+    return label
+
+
+@dataclass
+class UpdateInfo:
+    """
+    Update target information
+
+    Can be created by `query_update()` or manually.
+
+    Attributes:
+        tag                The release tag that will be updated to. If from query_update,
+                        the value is after API resolution and update spec processing.
+                        The only property that is required.
+        version            The actual numeric version (if available) of the binary to be updated to,
+                        after API resolution and update spec processing. (default: None)
+        requested_version  Numeric version of the binary being requested (if available),
+                        after API resolution only. (default: None)
+        commit             Commit hash (if available) of the binary to be updated to,
+                        after API resolution and update spec processing. (default: None)
+                        This value will only match the RELEASE_GIT_HEAD of prerelease builds.
+        binary_name        Filename of the binary to be updated to. (default: current binary name)
+        checksum           Expected checksum (if available) of the binary to be
+                        updated to. (default: None)
+    """
+    tag: str
+    version: str | None = None
+    requested_version: str | None = None
+    commit: str | None = None
+
+    binary_name: str | None = _get_binary_name()
+    checksum: str | None = None
+
+    _has_update = True
+
+
 class Updater:
-    _exact = True
+    # XXX: use class variables to simplify testing
+    _channel = CHANNEL
+    _origin = ORIGIN
 
-    def __init__(self, ydl, target=None):
+    def __init__(self, ydl, target: str | None = None):
         self.ydl = ydl
+        # For backwards compat, target needs to be treated as if it could be None
+        self.requested_channel, sep, self.requested_tag = (target or self._channel).rpartition('@')
+        # Check if requested_tag is actually the requested repo/channel
+        if not sep and ('/' in self.requested_tag or self.requested_tag in UPDATE_SOURCES):
+            self.requested_channel = self.requested_tag
+            self.requested_tag: str = None  # type: ignore (we set it later)
+        elif not self.requested_channel:
+            # User did not specify a channel, so we are requesting the default channel
+            self.requested_channel = self._channel.partition('@')[0]
 
-        self.target_channel, sep, self.target_tag = (target or CHANNEL).rpartition('@')
-        if not sep and self.target_tag in UPDATE_SOURCES:  # stable => stable@latest
-            self.target_channel, self.target_tag = self.target_tag, None
-        elif not self.target_channel:
-            self.target_channel = CHANNEL
+        # --update should not be treated as an exact tag request even if CHANNEL has a @tag
+        self._exact = bool(target) and target != self._channel
+        if not self.requested_tag:
+            # User did not specify a tag, so we request 'latest' and track that no exact tag was passed
+            self.requested_tag = 'latest'
+            self._exact = False
 
-        if not self.target_tag:
-            self.target_tag, self._exact = 'latest', False
-        elif self.target_tag != 'latest':
-            self.target_tag = f'tags/{self.target_tag}'
+        if '/' in self.requested_channel:
+            # requested_channel is actually a repository
+            self.requested_repo = self.requested_channel
+            if not self.requested_repo.startswith('yt-dlp/') and self.requested_repo != self._origin:
+                self.ydl.report_warning(
+                    f'You are switching to an {self.ydl._format_err("unofficial", "red")} executable '
+                    f'from {self.ydl._format_err(self.requested_repo, self.ydl.Styles.EMPHASIS)}. '
+                    f'Run {self.ydl._format_err("at your own risk", "light red")}')
+                self._block_restart('Automatically restarting into custom builds is disabled for security reasons')
+        else:
+            # Check if requested_channel resolves to a known repository or else raise
+            self.requested_repo = UPDATE_SOURCES.get(self.requested_channel)
+            if not self.requested_repo:
+                self._report_error(
+                    f'Invalid update channel {self.requested_channel!r} requested. '
+                    f'Valid channels are {", ".join(UPDATE_SOURCES)}', True)
 
-    @property
-    def _target_repo(self):
-        try:
-            return UPDATE_SOURCES[self.target_channel]
-        except KeyError:
-            return self._report_error(
-                f'Invalid update channel {self.target_channel!r} requested. '
-                f'Valid channels are {", ".join(UPDATE_SOURCES)}', True)
-
-    def _version_compare(self, a, b, channel=CHANNEL):
-        if channel != self.target_channel:
-            return False
-
-        if _VERSION_RE.fullmatch(f'{a}.{b}'):
-            a, b = version_tuple(a), version_tuple(b)
-            return a == b if self._exact else a >= b
-        return a == b
-
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def _tag(self):
-        if self._version_compare(self.current_version, self.latest_version):
-            return self.target_tag
-
-        identifier = f'{detect_variant()} {self.target_channel} {system_identifier()}'
-        for line in self._download('_update_spec', 'latest').decode().splitlines():
-            if not line.startswith('lock '):
-                continue
-            _, tag, pattern = line.split(' ', 2)
-            if re.match(pattern, identifier):
-                if not self._exact:
-                    return f'tags/{tag}'
-                elif self.target_tag == 'latest' or not self._version_compare(
-                        tag, self.target_tag[5:], channel=self.target_channel):
-                    self._report_error(
-                        f'yt-dlp cannot be updated above {tag} since you are on an older Python version', True)
-                    return f'tags/{self.current_version}'
-        return self.target_tag
-
-    @cached_method
-    def _get_version_info(self, tag):
-        url = f'{API_BASE_URL}/{self._target_repo}/releases/{tag}'
-        self.ydl.write_debug(f'Fetching release info: {url}')
-        return json.loads(self.ydl.urlopen(sanitized_Request(url, headers={
-            'Accept': 'application/vnd.github+json',
-            'User-Agent': 'yt-dlp',
-            'X-GitHub-Api-Version': '2022-11-28',
-        })).read().decode())
+        self._identifier = f'{detect_variant()} {system_identifier()}'
 
     @property
     def current_version(self):
         """Current version"""
         return __version__
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _label(channel, tag):
-        """Label for a given channel and tag"""
-        return f'{channel}@{remove_start(tag, "tags/")}'
-
-    def _get_actual_tag(self, tag):
-        if tag.startswith('tags/'):
-            return tag[5:]
-        return self._get_version_info(tag)['tag_name']
-
     @property
-    def new_version(self):
-        """Version of the latest release we can update to"""
-        return self._get_actual_tag(self._tag)
+    def current_commit(self):
+        """Current commit hash"""
+        return RELEASE_GIT_HEAD
 
-    @property
-    def latest_version(self):
-        """Version of the target release"""
-        return self._get_actual_tag(self.target_tag)
+    def _download_asset(self, name, tag=None):
+        if not tag:
+            tag = self.requested_tag
 
-    @property
-    def has_update(self):
-        """Whether there is an update available"""
-        return not self._version_compare(self.current_version, self.new_version)
-
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def filename(self):
-        """Filename of the executable"""
-        return compat_realpath(_get_variant_and_executable_path()[1])
-
-    def _download(self, name, tag):
-        slug = 'latest/download' if tag == 'latest' else f'download/{tag[5:]}'
-        url = f'https://github.com/{self._target_repo}/releases/{slug}/{name}'
+        path = 'latest/download' if tag == 'latest' else f'download/{tag}'
+        url = f'https://github.com/{self.requested_repo}/releases/{path}/{name}'
         self.ydl.write_debug(f'Downloading {name} from {url}')
         return self.ydl.urlopen(url).read()
 
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def release_name(self):
-        """The release filename"""
-        return f'yt-dlp{_FILE_SUFFIXES[detect_variant()]}'
+    def _call_api(self, tag):
+        tag = f'tags/{tag}' if tag != 'latest' else tag
+        url = f'{API_BASE_URL}/{self.requested_repo}/releases/{tag}'
+        self.ydl.write_debug(f'Fetching release info: {url}')
+        return json.loads(self.ydl.urlopen(Request(url, headers={
+            'Accept': 'application/vnd.github+json',
+            'User-Agent': 'yt-dlp',
+            'X-GitHub-Api-Version': '2022-11-28',
+        })).read().decode())
 
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def release_hash(self):
-        """Hash of the latest release"""
-        hash_data = dict(ln.split()[::-1] for ln in self._download('SHA2-256SUMS', self._tag).decode().splitlines())
-        return hash_data[self.release_name]
+    def _get_version_info(self, tag: str) -> tuple[str | None, str | None]:
+        if _VERSION_RE.fullmatch(tag):
+            return tag, None
 
-    def _report_error(self, msg, expected=False):
-        self.ydl.report_error(msg, tb=False if expected else None)
-        self.ydl._download_retcode = 100
+        api_info = self._call_api(tag)
 
-    def _report_permission_error(self, file):
-        self._report_error(f'Unable to write to {file}; Try running as administrator', True)
+        if tag == 'latest':
+            requested_version = api_info['tag_name']
+        else:
+            match = re.search(rf'\s+(?P<version>{_VERSION_RE.pattern})$', api_info.get('name', ''))
+            requested_version = match.group('version') if match else None
+
+        if re.fullmatch(_HASH_PATTERN, api_info.get('target_commitish', '')):
+            target_commitish = api_info['target_commitish']
+        else:
+            match = _COMMIT_RE.match(api_info.get('body', ''))
+            target_commitish = match.group('hash') if match else None
+
+        if not (requested_version or target_commitish):
+            self._report_error('One of either version or commit hash must be available on the release', expected=True)
+
+        return requested_version, target_commitish
+
+    def _download_update_spec(self, source_tags):
+        for tag in source_tags:
+            try:
+                return self._download_asset('_update_spec', tag=tag).decode()
+            except network_exceptions as error:
+                if isinstance(error, HTTPError) and error.status == 404:
+                    continue
+                self._report_network_error(f'fetch update spec: {error}')
 
-    def _report_network_error(self, action, delim=';'):
         self._report_error(
-            f'Unable to {action}{delim} visit  '
-            f'https://github.com/{self._target_repo}/releases/{self.target_tag.replace("tags/", "tag/")}', True)
+            f'The requested tag {self.requested_tag} does not exist for {self.requested_repo}', True)
+        return None
+
+    def _process_update_spec(self, lockfile: str, resolved_tag: str):
+        lines = lockfile.splitlines()
+        is_version2 = any(line.startswith('lockV2 ') for line in lines)
+
+        for line in lines:
+            if is_version2:
+                if not line.startswith(f'lockV2 {self.requested_repo} '):
+                    continue
+                _, _, tag, pattern = line.split(' ', 3)
+            else:
+                if not line.startswith('lock '):
+                    continue
+                _, tag, pattern = line.split(' ', 2)
+
+            if re.match(pattern, self._identifier):
+                if _VERSION_RE.fullmatch(tag):
+                    if not self._exact:
+                        return tag
+                    elif self._version_compare(tag, resolved_tag):
+                        return resolved_tag
+                elif tag != resolved_tag:
+                    continue
+
+                self._report_error(
+                    f'yt-dlp cannot be updated to {resolved_tag} since you are on an older Python version', True)
+                return None
+
+        return resolved_tag
+
+    def _version_compare(self, a: str, b: str):
+        """
+        Compare two version strings
+
+        This function SHOULD NOT be called if self._exact == True
+        """
+        if _VERSION_RE.fullmatch(f'{a}.{b}'):
+            return version_tuple(a) >= version_tuple(b)
+        return a == b
+
+    def query_update(self, *, _output=False) -> UpdateInfo | None:
+        """Fetches and returns info about the available update"""
+        if not self.requested_repo:
+            self._report_error('No target repository could be determined from input')
+            return None
 
-    def check_update(self):
-        """Report whether there is an update available"""
-        if not self._target_repo:
-            return False
         try:
-            self.ydl.to_screen((
-                f'Available version: {self._label(self.target_channel, self.latest_version)}, ' if self.target_tag == 'latest' else ''
-            ) + f'Current version: {self._label(CHANNEL, self.current_version)}')
-        except Exception:
-            return self._report_network_error('obtain version info', delim='; Please try again later or')
+            requested_version, target_commitish = self._get_version_info(self.requested_tag)
+        except network_exceptions as e:
+            self._report_network_error(f'obtain version info ({e})', delim='; Please try again later or')
+            return None
 
+        if self._exact and self._origin != self.requested_repo:
+            has_update = True
+        elif requested_version:
+            if self._exact:
+                has_update = self.current_version != requested_version
+            else:
+                has_update = not self._version_compare(self.current_version, requested_version)
+        elif target_commitish:
+            has_update = target_commitish != self.current_commit
+        else:
+            has_update = False
+
+        resolved_tag = requested_version if self.requested_tag == 'latest' else self.requested_tag
+        current_label = _make_label(self._origin, self._channel.partition("@")[2] or self.current_version, self.current_version)
+        requested_label = _make_label(self.requested_repo, resolved_tag, requested_version)
+        latest_or_requested = f'{"Latest" if self.requested_tag == "latest" else "Requested"} version: {requested_label}'
+        if not has_update:
+            if _output:
+                self.ydl.to_screen(f'{latest_or_requested}\nyt-dlp is up to date ({current_label})')
+            return None
+
+        update_spec = self._download_update_spec(('latest', None) if requested_version else (None,))
+        if not update_spec:
+            return None
+        # `result_` prefixed vars == post-_process_update_spec() values
+        result_tag = self._process_update_spec(update_spec, resolved_tag)
+        if not result_tag or result_tag == self.current_version:
+            return None
+        elif result_tag == resolved_tag:
+            result_version = requested_version
+        elif _VERSION_RE.fullmatch(result_tag):
+            result_version = result_tag
+        else:  # actual version being updated to is unknown
+            result_version = None
+
+        checksum = None
+        # Non-updateable variants can get update_info but need to skip checksum
         if not is_non_updateable():
-            self.ydl.to_screen(f'Current Build Hash: {_sha256_file(self.filename)}')
+            try:
+                hashes = self._download_asset('SHA2-256SUMS', result_tag)
+            except network_exceptions as error:
+                if not isinstance(error, HTTPError) or error.status != 404:
+                    self._report_network_error(f'fetch checksums: {error}')
+                    return None
+                self.ydl.report_warning('No hash information found for the release, skipping verification')
+            else:
+                for ln in hashes.decode().splitlines():
+                    if ln.endswith(_get_binary_name()):
+                        checksum = ln.split()[0]
+                        break
+                if not checksum:
+                    self.ydl.report_warning('The hash could not be found in the checksum file, skipping verification')
 
-        if self.has_update:
-            return True
+        if _output:
+            update_label = _make_label(self.requested_repo, result_tag, result_version)
+            self.ydl.to_screen(
+                f'Current version: {current_label}\n{latest_or_requested}'
+                + (f'\nUpgradable to: {update_label}' if update_label != requested_label else ''))
 
-        if self.target_tag == self._tag:
-            self.ydl.to_screen(f'yt-dlp is up to date ({self._label(CHANNEL, self.current_version)})')
-        elif not self._exact:
-            self.ydl.report_warning('yt-dlp cannot be updated any further since you are on an older Python version')
-        return False
+        return UpdateInfo(
+            tag=result_tag,
+            version=result_version,
+            requested_version=requested_version,
+            commit=target_commitish if result_tag == resolved_tag else None,
+            checksum=checksum)
 
-    def update(self):
+    def update(self, update_info=NO_DEFAULT):
         """Update yt-dlp executable to the latest version"""
-        if not self.check_update():
-            return
+        if update_info is NO_DEFAULT:
+            update_info = self.query_update(_output=True)
+        if not update_info:
+            return False
+
         err = is_non_updateable()
         if err:
-            return self._report_error(err, True)
-        self.ydl.to_screen(f'Updating to {self._label(self.target_channel, self.new_version)} ...')
-        if (_VERSION_RE.fullmatch(self.target_tag[5:])
-                and version_tuple(self.target_tag[5:]) < (2023, 3, 2)):
-            self.ydl.report_warning('You are downgrading to a version without --update-to')
+            self._report_error(err, True)
+            return False
+
+        self.ydl.to_screen(f'Current Build Hash: {_sha256_file(self.filename)}')
+
+        update_label = _make_label(self.requested_repo, update_info.tag, update_info.version)
+        self.ydl.to_screen(f'Updating to {update_label} ...')
 
         directory = os.path.dirname(self.filename)
         if not os.access(self.filename, os.W_OK):
@@ -302,20 +469,17 @@ def update(self):
             return self._report_error('Unable to remove the old version')
 
         try:
-            newcontent = self._download(self.release_name, self._tag)
-        except Exception as e:
-            if isinstance(e, urllib.error.HTTPError) and e.code == 404:
+            newcontent = self._download_asset(update_info.binary_name, update_info.tag)
+        except network_exceptions as e:
+            if isinstance(e, HTTPError) and e.status == 404:
                 return self._report_error(
-                    f'The requested tag {self._label(self.target_channel, self.target_tag)} does not exist', True)
-            return self._report_network_error(f'fetch updates: {e}')
+                    f'The requested tag {self.requested_repo}@{update_info.tag} does not exist', True)
+            return self._report_network_error(f'fetch updates: {e}', tag=update_info.tag)
 
-        try:
-            expected_hash = self.release_hash
-        except Exception:
-            self.ydl.report_warning('no hash information found for the release')
-        else:
-            if hashlib.sha256(newcontent).hexdigest() != expected_hash:
-                return self._report_network_error('verify the new executable')
+        if not update_info.checksum:
+            self._block_restart('Automatically restarting into unverified builds is disabled for security reasons')
+        elif hashlib.sha256(newcontent).hexdigest() != update_info.checksum:
+            return self._report_network_error('verify the new executable', tag=update_info.tag)
 
         try:
             with open(new_filename, 'wb') as outf:
@@ -352,9 +516,14 @@ def update(self):
                 return self._report_error(
                     f'Unable to set permissions. Run: sudo chmod a+rx {compat_shlex_quote(self.filename)}')
 
-        self.ydl.to_screen(f'Updated yt-dlp to {self._label(self.target_channel, self.new_version)}')
+        self.ydl.to_screen(f'Updated yt-dlp to {update_label}')
         return True
 
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def filename(self):
+        """Filename of the executable"""
+        return compat_realpath(_get_variant_and_executable_path()[1])
+
     @functools.cached_property
     def cmd(self):
         """The command-line to run the executable, if known"""
@@ -371,6 +540,77 @@ def restart(self):
         _, _, returncode = Popen.run(self.cmd)
         return returncode
 
+    def _block_restart(self, msg):
+        def wrapper():
+            self._report_error(f'{msg}. Restart yt-dlp to use the updated version', expected=True)
+            return self.ydl._download_retcode
+        self.restart = wrapper
+
+    def _report_error(self, msg, expected=False):
+        self.ydl.report_error(msg, tb=False if expected else None)
+        self.ydl._download_retcode = 100
+
+    def _report_permission_error(self, file):
+        self._report_error(f'Unable to write to {file}; try running as administrator', True)
+
+    def _report_network_error(self, action, delim=';', tag=None):
+        if not tag:
+            tag = self.requested_tag
+        self._report_error(
+            f'Unable to {action}{delim} visit  https://github.com/{self.requested_repo}/releases/'
+            + tag if tag == "latest" else f"tag/{tag}", True)
+
+    # XXX: Everything below this line in this class is deprecated / for compat only
+    @property
+    def _target_tag(self):
+        """Deprecated; requested tag with 'tags/' prepended when necessary for API calls"""
+        return f'tags/{self.requested_tag}' if self.requested_tag != 'latest' else self.requested_tag
+
+    def _check_update(self):
+        """Deprecated; report whether there is an update available"""
+        return bool(self.query_update(_output=True))
+
+    def __getattr__(self, attribute: str):
+        """Compat getter function for deprecated attributes"""
+        deprecated_props_map = {
+            'check_update': '_check_update',
+            'target_tag': '_target_tag',
+            'target_channel': 'requested_channel',
+        }
+        update_info_props_map = {
+            'has_update': '_has_update',
+            'new_version': 'version',
+            'latest_version': 'requested_version',
+            'release_name': 'binary_name',
+            'release_hash': 'checksum',
+        }
+
+        if attribute not in deprecated_props_map and attribute not in update_info_props_map:
+            raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {attribute!r}')
+
+        msg = f'{type(self).__name__}.{attribute} is deprecated and will be removed in a future version'
+        if attribute in deprecated_props_map:
+            source_name = deprecated_props_map[attribute]
+            if not source_name.startswith('_'):
+                msg += f'. Please use {source_name!r} instead'
+            source = self
+            mapping = deprecated_props_map
+
+        else:  # attribute in update_info_props_map
+            msg += '. Please call query_update() instead'
+            source = self.query_update()
+            if source is None:
+                source = UpdateInfo('', None, None, None)
+                source._has_update = False
+            mapping = update_info_props_map
+
+        deprecation_warning(msg)
+        for target_name, source_name in mapping.items():
+            value = getattr(source, source_name)
+            setattr(self, target_name, value)
+
+        return getattr(self, attribute)
+
 
 def run_update(ydl):
     """Update the program file with the latest version from the repository
@@ -379,45 +619,4 @@ def run_update(ydl):
     return Updater(ydl).update()
 
 
-# Deprecated
-def update_self(to_screen, verbose, opener):
-    import traceback
-
-    deprecation_warning(f'"{__name__}.update_self" is deprecated and may be removed '
-                        f'in a future version. Use "{__name__}.run_update(ydl)" instead')
-
-    printfn = to_screen
-
-    class FakeYDL():
-        to_screen = printfn
-
-        def report_warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
-            return printfn(f'WARNING: {msg}', *args, **kwargs)
-
-        def report_error(self, msg, tb=None):
-            printfn(f'ERROR: {msg}')
-            if not verbose:
-                return
-            if tb is None:
-                # Copied from YoutubeDL.trouble
-                if sys.exc_info()[0]:
-                    tb = ''
-                    if hasattr(sys.exc_info()[1], 'exc_info') and sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info[0]:
-                        tb += ''.join(traceback.format_exception(*sys.exc_info()[1].exc_info))
-                    tb += traceback.format_exc()
-                else:
-                    tb_data = traceback.format_list(traceback.extract_stack())
-                    tb = ''.join(tb_data)
-            if tb:
-                printfn(tb)
-
-        def write_debug(self, msg, *args, **kwargs):
-            printfn(f'[debug] {msg}', *args, **kwargs)
-
-        def urlopen(self, url):
-            return opener.open(url)
-
-    return run_update(FakeYDL())
-
-
 __all__ = ['Updater']
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/utils/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c267e326f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+# flake8: noqa: F403
+from ..compat.compat_utils import passthrough_module
+
+passthrough_module(__name__, '._deprecated')
+del passthrough_module
+
+# isort: off
+from .traversal import *
+from ._utils import *
+from ._utils import _configuration_args, _get_exe_version_output  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8ae8ecb5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+"""Deprecated - New code should avoid these"""
+import warnings
+
+from ..compat.compat_utils import passthrough_module
+
+# XXX: Implement this the same way as other DeprecationWarnings without circular import
+passthrough_module(__name__, '.._legacy', callback=lambda attr: warnings.warn(
+    DeprecationWarning(f'{__name__}.{attr} is deprecated'), stacklevel=6))
+del passthrough_module
+
+
+from ._utils import preferredencoding
+
+
+def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
+    assert isinstance(s, str)
+    return s
+
+
+def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
+    return b
+
+
+def decodeArgument(b):
+    return b
+
+
+def decodeOption(optval):
+    if optval is None:
+        return optval
+    if isinstance(optval, bytes):
+        optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
+
+    assert isinstance(optval, str)
+    return optval
+
+
+def error_to_compat_str(err):
+    return str(err)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dde02092c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+"""No longer used and new code should not use. Exists only for API compat."""
+import platform
+import struct
+import sys
+import urllib.error
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+import zlib
+
+from ._utils import Popen, decode_base_n, preferredencoding
+from .networking import escape_rfc3986  # noqa: F401
+from .networking import normalize_url as escape_url  # noqa: F401
+from .traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..dependencies import certifi, websockets
+from ..networking._helper import make_ssl_context
+from ..networking._urllib import HTTPHandler
+
+# isort: split
+from .networking import random_user_agent, std_headers  # noqa: F401
+from ..cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar  # noqa: F401
+from ..networking._urllib import PUTRequest  # noqa: F401
+from ..networking._urllib import SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS, HEADRequest  # noqa: F401
+from ..networking._urllib import ProxyHandler as PerRequestProxyHandler  # noqa: F401
+from ..networking._urllib import RedirectHandler as YoutubeDLRedirectHandler  # noqa: F401
+from ..networking._urllib import (  # noqa: F401
+    make_socks_conn_class,
+    update_Request,
+)
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions  # noqa: F401
+
+has_certifi = bool(certifi)
+has_websockets = bool(websockets)
+
+
+def load_plugins(name, suffix, namespace):
+    from ..plugins import load_plugins
+    ret = load_plugins(name, suffix)
+    namespace.update(ret)
+    return ret
+
+
+def traverse_dict(dictn, keys, casesense=True):
+    return traverse_obj(dictn, keys, casesense=casesense, is_user_input=True, traverse_string=True)
+
+
+def decode_base(value, digits):
+    return decode_base_n(value, table=digits)
+
+
+def platform_name():
+    """ Returns the platform name as a str """
+    return platform.platform()
+
+
+def get_subprocess_encoding():
+    if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 5:
+        # For subprocess calls, encode with locale encoding
+        # Refer to http://stackoverflow.com/a/9951851/35070
+        encoding = preferredencoding()
+    else:
+        encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
+    if encoding is None:
+        encoding = 'utf-8'
+    return encoding
+
+
+# UNUSED
+# Based on png2str() written by @gdkchan and improved by @yokrysty
+# Originally posted at https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/9706
+def decode_png(png_data):
+    # Reference: https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/
+    header = png_data[8:]
+
+    if png_data[:8] != b'\x89PNG\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a' or header[4:8] != b'IHDR':
+        raise OSError('Not a valid PNG file.')
+
+    int_map = {1: '>B', 2: '>H', 4: '>I'}
+    unpack_integer = lambda x: struct.unpack(int_map[len(x)], x)[0]
+
+    chunks = []
+
+    while header:
+        length = unpack_integer(header[:4])
+        header = header[4:]
+
+        chunk_type = header[:4]
+        header = header[4:]
+
+        chunk_data = header[:length]
+        header = header[length:]
+
+        header = header[4:]  # Skip CRC
+
+        chunks.append({
+            'type': chunk_type,
+            'length': length,
+            'data': chunk_data
+        })
+
+    ihdr = chunks[0]['data']
+
+    width = unpack_integer(ihdr[:4])
+    height = unpack_integer(ihdr[4:8])
+
+    idat = b''
+
+    for chunk in chunks:
+        if chunk['type'] == b'IDAT':
+            idat += chunk['data']
+
+    if not idat:
+        raise OSError('Unable to read PNG data.')
+
+    decompressed_data = bytearray(zlib.decompress(idat))
+
+    stride = width * 3
+    pixels = []
+
+    def _get_pixel(idx):
+        x = idx % stride
+        y = idx // stride
+        return pixels[y][x]
+
+    for y in range(height):
+        basePos = y * (1 + stride)
+        filter_type = decompressed_data[basePos]
+
+        current_row = []
+
+        pixels.append(current_row)
+
+        for x in range(stride):
+            color = decompressed_data[1 + basePos + x]
+            basex = y * stride + x
+            left = 0
+            up = 0
+
+            if x > 2:
+                left = _get_pixel(basex - 3)
+            if y > 0:
+                up = _get_pixel(basex - stride)
+
+            if filter_type == 1:  # Sub
+                color = (color + left) & 0xff
+            elif filter_type == 2:  # Up
+                color = (color + up) & 0xff
+            elif filter_type == 3:  # Average
+                color = (color + ((left + up) >> 1)) & 0xff
+            elif filter_type == 4:  # Paeth
+                a = left
+                b = up
+                c = 0
+
+                if x > 2 and y > 0:
+                    c = _get_pixel(basex - stride - 3)
+
+                p = a + b - c
+
+                pa = abs(p - a)
+                pb = abs(p - b)
+                pc = abs(p - c)
+
+                if pa <= pb and pa <= pc:
+                    color = (color + a) & 0xff
+                elif pb <= pc:
+                    color = (color + b) & 0xff
+                else:
+                    color = (color + c) & 0xff
+
+            current_row.append(color)
+
+    return width, height, pixels
+
+
+def register_socks_protocols():
+    # "Register" SOCKS protocols
+    # In Python < 2.6.5, urlsplit() suffers from bug https://bugs.python.org/issue7904
+    # URLs with protocols not in urlparse.uses_netloc are not handled correctly
+    for scheme in ('socks', 'socks4', 'socks4a', 'socks5'):
+        if scheme not in urllib.parse.uses_netloc:
+            urllib.parse.uses_netloc.append(scheme)
+
+
+def handle_youtubedl_headers(headers):
+    filtered_headers = headers
+
+    if 'Youtubedl-no-compression' in filtered_headers:
+        filtered_headers = {k: v for k, v in filtered_headers.items() if k.lower() != 'accept-encoding'}
+        del filtered_headers['Youtubedl-no-compression']
+
+    return filtered_headers
+
+
+def request_to_url(req):
+    if isinstance(req, urllib.request.Request):
+        return req.get_full_url()
+    else:
+        return req
+
+
+def sanitized_Request(url, *args, **kwargs):
+    from ..utils import extract_basic_auth, sanitize_url
+    url, auth_header = extract_basic_auth(escape_url(sanitize_url(url)))
+    if auth_header is not None:
+        headers = args[1] if len(args) >= 2 else kwargs.setdefault('headers', {})
+        headers['Authorization'] = auth_header
+    return urllib.request.Request(url, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+class YoutubeDLHandler(HTTPHandler):
+    def __init__(self, params, *args, **kwargs):
+        self._params = params
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+
+YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler = YoutubeDLHandler
+
+
+class YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor):
+    def __init__(self, cookiejar=None):
+        urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor.__init__(self, cookiejar)
+
+    def http_response(self, request, response):
+        return urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor.http_response(self, request, response)
+
+    https_request = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor.http_request
+    https_response = http_response
+
+
+def make_HTTPS_handler(params, **kwargs):
+    return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, context=make_ssl_context(
+        verify=not params.get('nocheckcertificate'),
+        client_certificate=params.get('client_certificate'),
+        client_certificate_key=params.get('client_certificate_key'),
+        client_certificate_password=params.get('client_certificate_password'),
+        legacy_support=params.get('legacyserverconnect'),
+        use_certifi='no-certifi' not in params.get('compat_opts', []),
+    ), **kwargs)
+
+
+def process_communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs):
+    return Popen.communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
similarity index 79%
rename from yt_dlp/utils.py
rename to yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
index de058b0e6..e2bbdbe1c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
@@ -11,13 +11,10 @@
 import email.header
 import email.utils
 import errno
-import gzip
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 import html.entities
 import html.parser
-import http.client
-import http.cookiejar
 import inspect
 import io
 import itertools
@@ -25,6 +22,7 @@
 import locale
 import math
 import mimetypes
+import netrc
 import operator
 import os
 import platform
@@ -45,99 +43,32 @@
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
-import zlib
 
-from .compat import functools  # isort: split
-from .compat import (
+from . import traversal
+
+from ..compat import functools  # isort: split
+from ..compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_expanduser,
     compat_HTMLParseError,
     compat_os_name,
     compat_shlex_quote,
 )
-from .dependencies import brotli, certifi, websockets, xattr
-from .socks import ProxyType, sockssocket
-
-
-def register_socks_protocols():
-    # "Register" SOCKS protocols
-    # In Python < 2.6.5, urlsplit() suffers from bug https://bugs.python.org/issue7904
-    # URLs with protocols not in urlparse.uses_netloc are not handled correctly
-    for scheme in ('socks', 'socks4', 'socks4a', 'socks5'):
-        if scheme not in urllib.parse.uses_netloc:
-            urllib.parse.uses_netloc.append(scheme)
+from ..dependencies import websockets, xattr
 
+__name__ = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]  # Pretend to be the parent module
 
 # This is not clearly defined otherwise
 compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
 
 
-def random_user_agent():
-    _USER_AGENT_TPL = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/%s Safari/537.36'
-    _CHROME_VERSIONS = (
-        '90.0.4430.212',
-        '90.0.4430.24',
-        '90.0.4430.70',
-        '90.0.4430.72',
-        '90.0.4430.85',
-        '90.0.4430.93',
-        '91.0.4472.101',
-        '91.0.4472.106',
-        '91.0.4472.114',
-        '91.0.4472.124',
-        '91.0.4472.164',
-        '91.0.4472.19',
-        '91.0.4472.77',
-        '92.0.4515.107',
-        '92.0.4515.115',
-        '92.0.4515.131',
-        '92.0.4515.159',
-        '92.0.4515.43',
-        '93.0.4556.0',
-        '93.0.4577.15',
-        '93.0.4577.63',
-        '93.0.4577.82',
-        '94.0.4606.41',
-        '94.0.4606.54',
-        '94.0.4606.61',
-        '94.0.4606.71',
-        '94.0.4606.81',
-        '94.0.4606.85',
-        '95.0.4638.17',
-        '95.0.4638.50',
-        '95.0.4638.54',
-        '95.0.4638.69',
-        '95.0.4638.74',
-        '96.0.4664.18',
-        '96.0.4664.45',
-        '96.0.4664.55',
-        '96.0.4664.93',
-        '97.0.4692.20',
-    )
-    return _USER_AGENT_TPL % random.choice(_CHROME_VERSIONS)
+class NO_DEFAULT:
+    pass
 
 
-SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS = [
-    'gzip', 'deflate'
-]
-if brotli:
-    SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS.append('br')
+def IDENTITY(x):
+    return x
 
-std_headers = {
-    'User-Agent': random_user_agent(),
-    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
-    'Accept-Language': 'en-us,en;q=0.5',
-    'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
-}
-
-
-USER_AGENTS = {
-    'Safari': 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64; rv:10.0) AppleWebKit/533.20.25 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.0.4 Safari/533.20.27',
-}
-
-
-NO_DEFAULT = object()
-IDENTITY = lambda x: x
 
 ENGLISH_MONTH_NAMES = [
     'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June',
@@ -224,6 +155,7 @@ def random_user_agent():
     '%d/%m/%y',
     '%d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S',
     '%d-%m-%Y %H:%M',
+    '%H:%M %d/%m/%Y',
 ])
 
 DATE_FORMATS_MONTH_FIRST = list(DATE_FORMATS)
@@ -735,6 +667,7 @@ def replace_insane(char):
 
 def sanitize_path(s, force=False):
     """Sanitizes and normalizes path on Windows"""
+    # XXX: this handles drive relative paths (c:sth) incorrectly
     if sys.platform == 'win32':
         force = False
         drive_or_unc, _ = os.path.splitdrive(s)
@@ -753,7 +686,10 @@ def sanitize_path(s, force=False):
         sanitized_path.insert(0, drive_or_unc + os.path.sep)
     elif force and s and s[0] == os.path.sep:
         sanitized_path.insert(0, os.path.sep)
-    return os.path.join(*sanitized_path)
+    # TODO: Fix behavioral differences <3.12
+    # The workaround using `normpath` only superficially passes tests
+    # Ref: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/100351
+    return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(*sanitized_path))
 
 
 def sanitize_url(url, *, scheme='http'):
@@ -788,14 +724,6 @@ def extract_basic_auth(url):
     return url, f'Basic {auth_payload.decode()}'
 
 
-def sanitized_Request(url, *args, **kwargs):
-    url, auth_header = extract_basic_auth(escape_url(sanitize_url(url)))
-    if auth_header is not None:
-        headers = args[1] if len(args) >= 2 else kwargs.setdefault('headers', {})
-        headers['Authorization'] = auth_header
-    return urllib.request.Request(url, *args, **kwargs)
-
-
 def expand_path(s):
     """Expand shell variables and ~"""
     return os.path.expandvars(compat_expanduser(s))
@@ -862,10 +790,11 @@ def escapeHTML(text):
     )
 
 
-def process_communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs):
-    deprecation_warning(f'"{__name__}.process_communicate_or_kill" is deprecated and may be removed '
-                        f'in a future version. Use "{__name__}.Popen.communicate_or_kill" instead')
-    return Popen.communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs)
+class netrc_from_content(netrc.netrc):
+    def __init__(self, content):
+        self.hosts, self.macros = {}, {}
+        with io.StringIO(content) as stream:
+            self._parse('-', stream, False)
 
 
 class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
@@ -894,7 +823,7 @@ def _fix(key):
         _fix('LD_LIBRARY_PATH')  # Linux
         _fix('DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH')  # macOS
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, env=None, text=False, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, args, *remaining, env=None, text=False, shell=False, **kwargs):
         if env is None:
             env = os.environ.copy()
         self._fix_pyinstaller_ld_path(env)
@@ -904,7 +833,21 @@ def __init__(self, *args, env=None, text=False, **kwargs):
             kwargs['universal_newlines'] = True  # For 3.6 compatibility
             kwargs.setdefault('encoding', 'utf-8')
             kwargs.setdefault('errors', 'replace')
-        super().__init__(*args, env=env, **kwargs, startupinfo=self._startupinfo)
+
+        if shell and compat_os_name == 'nt' and kwargs.get('executable') is None:
+            if not isinstance(args, str):
+                args = ' '.join(compat_shlex_quote(a) for a in args)
+            shell = False
+            args = f'{self.__comspec()} /Q /S /D /V:OFF /C "{args}"'
+
+        super().__init__(args, *remaining, env=env, shell=shell, **kwargs, startupinfo=self._startupinfo)
+
+    def __comspec(self):
+        comspec = os.environ.get('ComSpec') or os.path.join(
+            os.environ.get('SystemRoot', ''), 'System32', 'cmd.exe')
+        if os.path.isabs(comspec):
+            return comspec
+        raise FileNotFoundError('shell not found: neither %ComSpec% nor %SystemRoot% is set')
 
     def communicate_or_kill(self, *args, **kwargs):
         try:
@@ -926,27 +869,6 @@ def run(cls, *args, timeout=None, **kwargs):
             return stdout or default, stderr or default, proc.returncode
 
 
-def get_subprocess_encoding():
-    if sys.platform == 'win32' and sys.getwindowsversion()[0] >= 5:
-        # For subprocess calls, encode with locale encoding
-        # Refer to http://stackoverflow.com/a/9951851/35070
-        encoding = preferredencoding()
-    else:
-        encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
-    if encoding is None:
-        encoding = 'utf-8'
-    return encoding
-
-
-def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
-    assert isinstance(s, str)
-    return s
-
-
-def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
-    return b
-
-
 def encodeArgument(s):
     # Legacy code that uses byte strings
     # Uncomment the following line after fixing all post processors
@@ -954,20 +876,6 @@ def encodeArgument(s):
     return s if isinstance(s, str) else s.decode('ascii')
 
 
-def decodeArgument(b):
-    return b
-
-
-def decodeOption(optval):
-    if optval is None:
-        return optval
-    if isinstance(optval, bytes):
-        optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
-
-    assert isinstance(optval, str)
-    return optval
-
-
 _timetuple = collections.namedtuple('Time', ('hours', 'minutes', 'seconds', 'milliseconds'))
 
 
@@ -989,84 +897,8 @@ def formatSeconds(secs, delim=':', msec=False):
     return '%s.%03d' % (ret, time.milliseconds) if msec else ret
 
 
-def _ssl_load_windows_store_certs(ssl_context, storename):
-    # Code adapted from _load_windows_store_certs in https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/ssl.py
-    try:
-        certs = [cert for cert, encoding, trust in ssl.enum_certificates(storename)
-                 if encoding == 'x509_asn' and (
-                     trust is True or ssl.Purpose.SERVER_AUTH.oid in trust)]
-    except PermissionError:
-        return
-    for cert in certs:
-        with contextlib.suppress(ssl.SSLError):
-            ssl_context.load_verify_locations(cadata=cert)
-
-
-def make_HTTPS_handler(params, **kwargs):
-    opts_check_certificate = not params.get('nocheckcertificate')
-    context = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_CLIENT)
-    context.check_hostname = opts_check_certificate
-    if params.get('legacyserverconnect'):
-        context.options |= 4  # SSL_OP_LEGACY_SERVER_CONNECT
-        # Allow use of weaker ciphers in Python 3.10+. See https://bugs.python.org/issue43998
-        context.set_ciphers('DEFAULT')
-    elif (
-        sys.version_info < (3, 10)
-        and ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION_INFO >= (1, 1, 1)
-        and not ssl.OPENSSL_VERSION.startswith('LibreSSL')
-    ):
-        # Backport the default SSL ciphers and minimum TLS version settings from Python 3.10 [1].
-        # This is to ensure consistent behavior across Python versions, and help avoid fingerprinting
-        # in some situations [2][3].
-        # Python 3.10 only supports OpenSSL 1.1.1+ [4]. Because this change is likely
-        # untested on older versions, we only apply this to OpenSSL 1.1.1+ to be safe.
-        # LibreSSL is excluded until further investigation due to cipher support issues [5][6].
-        # 1. https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/e983252b516edb15d4338b0a47631b59ef1e2536
-        # 2. https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4627
-        # 3. https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/5294
-        # 4. https://peps.python.org/pep-0644/
-        # 5. https://peps.python.org/pep-0644/#libressl-support
-        # 6. https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5b9f253fa0aee996cf1ed30185d4b502e00609c4#commitcomment-89054368
-        context.set_ciphers('@SECLEVEL=2:ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+CHACHA20:ECDH+AES:DHE+AES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!aDSS:!SHA1:!AESCCM')
-        context.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
-
-    context.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if opts_check_certificate else ssl.CERT_NONE
-    if opts_check_certificate:
-        if has_certifi and 'no-certifi' not in params.get('compat_opts', []):
-            context.load_verify_locations(cafile=certifi.where())
-        else:
-            try:
-                context.load_default_certs()
-                # Work around the issue in load_default_certs when there are bad certificates. See:
-                # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1060,
-                # https://bugs.python.org/issue35665, https://bugs.python.org/issue45312
-            except ssl.SSLError:
-                # enum_certificates is not present in mingw python. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/1151
-                if sys.platform == 'win32' and hasattr(ssl, 'enum_certificates'):
-                    for storename in ('CA', 'ROOT'):
-                        _ssl_load_windows_store_certs(context, storename)
-                context.set_default_verify_paths()
-
-    client_certfile = params.get('client_certificate')
-    if client_certfile:
-        try:
-            context.load_cert_chain(
-                client_certfile, keyfile=params.get('client_certificate_key'),
-                password=params.get('client_certificate_password'))
-        except ssl.SSLError:
-            raise YoutubeDLError('Unable to load client certificate')
-
-    # Some servers may reject requests if ALPN extension is not sent. See:
-    # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/85140
-    # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3878
-    with contextlib.suppress(NotImplementedError):
-        context.set_alpn_protocols(['http/1.1'])
-
-    return YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(params, context=context, **kwargs)
-
-
 def bug_reports_message(before=';'):
-    from .update import REPOSITORY
+    from ..update import REPOSITORY
 
     msg = (f'please report this issue on  https://github.com/{REPOSITORY}/issues?q= , '
            'filling out the appropriate issue template. Confirm you are on the latest version using  yt-dlp -U')
@@ -1090,12 +922,6 @@ def __init__(self, msg=None):
         super().__init__(self.msg)
 
 
-network_exceptions = [urllib.error.URLError, http.client.HTTPException, socket.error]
-if hasattr(ssl, 'CertificateError'):
-    network_exceptions.append(ssl.CertificateError)
-network_exceptions = tuple(network_exceptions)
-
-
 class ExtractorError(YoutubeDLError):
     """Error during info extraction."""
 
@@ -1103,6 +929,7 @@ def __init__(self, msg, tb=None, expected=False, cause=None, video_id=None, ie=N
         """ tb, if given, is the original traceback (so that it can be printed out).
         If expected is set, this is a normal error message and most likely not a bug in yt-dlp.
         """
+        from ..networking.exceptions import network_exceptions
         if sys.exc_info()[0] in network_exceptions:
             expected = True
 
@@ -1302,470 +1129,10 @@ class XAttrUnavailableError(YoutubeDLError):
     pass
 
 
-def _create_http_connection(ydl_handler, http_class, is_https, *args, **kwargs):
-    hc = http_class(*args, **kwargs)
-    source_address = ydl_handler._params.get('source_address')
-
-    if source_address is not None:
-        # This is to workaround _create_connection() from socket where it will try all
-        # address data from getaddrinfo() including IPv6. This filters the result from
-        # getaddrinfo() based on the source_address value.
-        # This is based on the cpython socket.create_connection() function.
-        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/master/Lib/socket.py#L691
-        def _create_connection(address, timeout=socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None):
-            host, port = address
-            err = None
-            addrs = socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, 0, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
-            af = socket.AF_INET if '.' in source_address[0] else socket.AF_INET6
-            ip_addrs = [addr for addr in addrs if addr[0] == af]
-            if addrs and not ip_addrs:
-                ip_version = 'v4' if af == socket.AF_INET else 'v6'
-                raise OSError(
-                    "No remote IP%s addresses available for connect, can't use '%s' as source address"
-                    % (ip_version, source_address[0]))
-            for res in ip_addrs:
-                af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
-                sock = None
-                try:
-                    sock = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
-                    if timeout is not socket._GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT:
-                        sock.settimeout(timeout)
-                    sock.bind(source_address)
-                    sock.connect(sa)
-                    err = None  # Explicitly break reference cycle
-                    return sock
-                except OSError as _:
-                    err = _
-                    if sock is not None:
-                        sock.close()
-            if err is not None:
-                raise err
-            else:
-                raise OSError('getaddrinfo returns an empty list')
-        if hasattr(hc, '_create_connection'):
-            hc._create_connection = _create_connection
-        hc.source_address = (source_address, 0)
-
-    return hc
-
-
-def handle_youtubedl_headers(headers):
-    filtered_headers = headers
-
-    if 'Youtubedl-no-compression' in filtered_headers:
-        filtered_headers = {k: v for k, v in filtered_headers.items() if k.lower() != 'accept-encoding'}
-        del filtered_headers['Youtubedl-no-compression']
-
-    return filtered_headers
-
-
-class YoutubeDLHandler(urllib.request.HTTPHandler):
-    """Handler for HTTP requests and responses.
-
-    This class, when installed with an OpenerDirector, automatically adds
-    the standard headers to every HTTP request and handles gzipped and
-    deflated responses from web servers. If compression is to be avoided in
-    a particular request, the original request in the program code only has
-    to include the HTTP header "Youtubedl-no-compression", which will be
-    removed before making the real request.
-
-    Part of this code was copied from:
-
-    http://techknack.net/python-urllib2-handlers/
-
-    Andrew Rowls, the author of that code, agreed to release it to the
-    public domain.
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, params, *args, **kwargs):
-        urllib.request.HTTPHandler.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self._params = params
-
-    def http_open(self, req):
-        conn_class = http.client.HTTPConnection
-
-        socks_proxy = req.headers.get('Ytdl-socks-proxy')
-        if socks_proxy:
-            conn_class = make_socks_conn_class(conn_class, socks_proxy)
-            del req.headers['Ytdl-socks-proxy']
-
-        return self.do_open(functools.partial(
-            _create_http_connection, self, conn_class, False),
-            req)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def deflate(data):
-        if not data:
-            return data
-        try:
-            return zlib.decompress(data, -zlib.MAX_WBITS)
-        except zlib.error:
-            return zlib.decompress(data)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def brotli(data):
-        if not data:
-            return data
-        return brotli.decompress(data)
-
-    def http_request(self, req):
-        # According to RFC 3986, URLs can not contain non-ASCII characters, however this is not
-        # always respected by websites, some tend to give out URLs with non percent-encoded
-        # non-ASCII characters (see telemb.py, ard.py [#3412])
-        # urllib chokes on URLs with non-ASCII characters (see http://bugs.python.org/issue3991)
-        # To work around aforementioned issue we will replace request's original URL with
-        # percent-encoded one
-        # Since redirects are also affected (e.g. http://www.southpark.de/alle-episoden/s18e09)
-        # the code of this workaround has been moved here from YoutubeDL.urlopen()
-        url = req.get_full_url()
-        url_escaped = escape_url(url)
-
-        # Substitute URL if any change after escaping
-        if url != url_escaped:
-            req = update_Request(req, url=url_escaped)
-
-        for h, v in self._params.get('http_headers', std_headers).items():
-            # Capitalize is needed because of Python bug 2275: http://bugs.python.org/issue2275
-            # The dict keys are capitalized because of this bug by urllib
-            if h.capitalize() not in req.headers:
-                req.add_header(h, v)
-
-        if 'Accept-encoding' not in req.headers:
-            req.add_header('Accept-encoding', ', '.join(SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS))
-
-        req.headers = handle_youtubedl_headers(req.headers)
-
-        return super().do_request_(req)
-
-    def http_response(self, req, resp):
-        old_resp = resp
-        # gzip
-        if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'gzip':
-            content = resp.read()
-            gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(content), mode='rb')
-            try:
-                uncompressed = io.BytesIO(gz.read())
-            except OSError as original_ioerror:
-                # There may be junk add the end of the file
-                # See http://stackoverflow.com/q/4928560/35070 for details
-                for i in range(1, 1024):
-                    try:
-                        gz = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=io.BytesIO(content[:-i]), mode='rb')
-                        uncompressed = io.BytesIO(gz.read())
-                    except OSError:
-                        continue
-                    break
-                else:
-                    raise original_ioerror
-            resp = urllib.request.addinfourl(uncompressed, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
-            resp.msg = old_resp.msg
-        # deflate
-        if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'deflate':
-            gz = io.BytesIO(self.deflate(resp.read()))
-            resp = urllib.request.addinfourl(gz, old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
-            resp.msg = old_resp.msg
-        # brotli
-        if resp.headers.get('Content-encoding', '') == 'br':
-            resp = urllib.request.addinfourl(
-                io.BytesIO(self.brotli(resp.read())), old_resp.headers, old_resp.url, old_resp.code)
-            resp.msg = old_resp.msg
-        # Percent-encode redirect URL of Location HTTP header to satisfy RFC 3986 (see
-        # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/6457).
-        if 300 <= resp.code < 400:
-            location = resp.headers.get('Location')
-            if location:
-                # As of RFC 2616 default charset is iso-8859-1 that is respected by python 3
-                location = location.encode('iso-8859-1').decode()
-                location_escaped = escape_url(location)
-                if location != location_escaped:
-                    del resp.headers['Location']
-                    resp.headers['Location'] = location_escaped
-        return resp
-
-    https_request = http_request
-    https_response = http_response
-
-
-def make_socks_conn_class(base_class, socks_proxy):
-    assert issubclass(base_class, (
-        http.client.HTTPConnection, http.client.HTTPSConnection))
-
-    url_components = urllib.parse.urlparse(socks_proxy)
-    if url_components.scheme.lower() == 'socks5':
-        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS5
-    elif url_components.scheme.lower() in ('socks', 'socks4'):
-        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS4
-    elif url_components.scheme.lower() == 'socks4a':
-        socks_type = ProxyType.SOCKS4A
-
-    def unquote_if_non_empty(s):
-        if not s:
-            return s
-        return urllib.parse.unquote_plus(s)
-
-    proxy_args = (
-        socks_type,
-        url_components.hostname, url_components.port or 1080,
-        True,  # Remote DNS
-        unquote_if_non_empty(url_components.username),
-        unquote_if_non_empty(url_components.password),
-    )
-
-    class SocksConnection(base_class):
-        def connect(self):
-            self.sock = sockssocket()
-            self.sock.setproxy(*proxy_args)
-            if isinstance(self.timeout, (int, float)):
-                self.sock.settimeout(self.timeout)
-            self.sock.connect((self.host, self.port))
-
-            if isinstance(self, http.client.HTTPSConnection):
-                if hasattr(self, '_context'):  # Python > 2.6
-                    self.sock = self._context.wrap_socket(
-                        self.sock, server_hostname=self.host)
-                else:
-                    self.sock = ssl.wrap_socket(self.sock)
-
-    return SocksConnection
-
-
-class YoutubeDLHTTPSHandler(urllib.request.HTTPSHandler):
-    def __init__(self, params, https_conn_class=None, *args, **kwargs):
-        urllib.request.HTTPSHandler.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
-        self._https_conn_class = https_conn_class or http.client.HTTPSConnection
-        self._params = params
-
-    def https_open(self, req):
-        kwargs = {}
-        conn_class = self._https_conn_class
-
-        if hasattr(self, '_context'):  # python > 2.6
-            kwargs['context'] = self._context
-        if hasattr(self, '_check_hostname'):  # python 3.x
-            kwargs['check_hostname'] = self._check_hostname
-
-        socks_proxy = req.headers.get('Ytdl-socks-proxy')
-        if socks_proxy:
-            conn_class = make_socks_conn_class(conn_class, socks_proxy)
-            del req.headers['Ytdl-socks-proxy']
-
-        try:
-            return self.do_open(
-                functools.partial(_create_http_connection, self, conn_class, True), req, **kwargs)
-        except urllib.error.URLError as e:
-            if (isinstance(e.reason, ssl.SSLError)
-                    and getattr(e.reason, 'reason', None) == 'SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE'):
-                raise YoutubeDLError('SSLV3_ALERT_HANDSHAKE_FAILURE: Try using --legacy-server-connect')
-            raise
-
-
 def is_path_like(f):
     return isinstance(f, (str, bytes, os.PathLike))
 
 
-class YoutubeDLCookieJar(http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):
-    """
-    See [1] for cookie file format.
-
-    1. https://curl.haxx.se/docs/http-cookies.html
-    """
-    _HTTPONLY_PREFIX = '#HttpOnly_'
-    _ENTRY_LEN = 7
-    _HEADER = '''# Netscape HTTP Cookie File
-# This file is generated by yt-dlp.  Do not edit.
-
-'''
-    _CookieFileEntry = collections.namedtuple(
-        'CookieFileEntry',
-        ('domain_name', 'include_subdomains', 'path', 'https_only', 'expires_at', 'name', 'value'))
-
-    def __init__(self, filename=None, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(None, *args, **kwargs)
-        if is_path_like(filename):
-            filename = os.fspath(filename)
-        self.filename = filename
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _true_or_false(cndn):
-        return 'TRUE' if cndn else 'FALSE'
-
-    @contextlib.contextmanager
-    def open(self, file, *, write=False):
-        if is_path_like(file):
-            with open(file, 'w' if write else 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
-                yield f
-        else:
-            if write:
-                file.truncate(0)
-            yield file
-
-    def _really_save(self, f, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
-        now = time.time()
-        for cookie in self:
-            if (not ignore_discard and cookie.discard
-                    or not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now)):
-                continue
-            name, value = cookie.name, cookie.value
-            if value is None:
-                # cookies.txt regards 'Set-Cookie: foo' as a cookie
-                # with no name, whereas http.cookiejar regards it as a
-                # cookie with no value.
-                name, value = '', name
-            f.write('%s\n' % '\t'.join((
-                cookie.domain,
-                self._true_or_false(cookie.domain.startswith('.')),
-                cookie.path,
-                self._true_or_false(cookie.secure),
-                str_or_none(cookie.expires, default=''),
-                name, value
-            )))
-
-    def save(self, filename=None, *args, **kwargs):
-        """
-        Save cookies to a file.
-        Code is taken from CPython 3.6
-        https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/8d999cbf4adea053be6dbb612b9844635c4dfb8e/Lib/http/cookiejar.py#L2091-L2117 """
-
-        if filename is None:
-            if self.filename is not None:
-                filename = self.filename
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(http.cookiejar.MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
-
-        # Store session cookies with `expires` set to 0 instead of an empty string
-        for cookie in self:
-            if cookie.expires is None:
-                cookie.expires = 0
-
-        with self.open(filename, write=True) as f:
-            f.write(self._HEADER)
-            self._really_save(f, *args, **kwargs)
-
-    def load(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=False, ignore_expires=False):
-        """Load cookies from a file."""
-        if filename is None:
-            if self.filename is not None:
-                filename = self.filename
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(http.cookiejar.MISSING_FILENAME_TEXT)
-
-        def prepare_line(line):
-            if line.startswith(self._HTTPONLY_PREFIX):
-                line = line[len(self._HTTPONLY_PREFIX):]
-            # comments and empty lines are fine
-            if line.startswith('#') or not line.strip():
-                return line
-            cookie_list = line.split('\t')
-            if len(cookie_list) != self._ENTRY_LEN:
-                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError('invalid length %d' % len(cookie_list))
-            cookie = self._CookieFileEntry(*cookie_list)
-            if cookie.expires_at and not cookie.expires_at.isdigit():
-                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError('invalid expires at %s' % cookie.expires_at)
-            return line
-
-        cf = io.StringIO()
-        with self.open(filename) as f:
-            for line in f:
-                try:
-                    cf.write(prepare_line(line))
-                except http.cookiejar.LoadError as e:
-                    if f'{line.strip()} '[0] in '[{"':
-                        raise http.cookiejar.LoadError(
-                            'Cookies file must be Netscape formatted, not JSON. See  '
-                            'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp')
-                    write_string(f'WARNING: skipping cookie file entry due to {e}: {line!r}\n')
-                    continue
-        cf.seek(0)
-        self._really_load(cf, filename, ignore_discard, ignore_expires)
-        # Session cookies are denoted by either `expires` field set to
-        # an empty string or 0. MozillaCookieJar only recognizes the former
-        # (see [1]). So we need force the latter to be recognized as session
-        # cookies on our own.
-        # Session cookies may be important for cookies-based authentication,
-        # e.g. usually, when user does not check 'Remember me' check box while
-        # logging in on a site, some important cookies are stored as session
-        # cookies so that not recognizing them will result in failed login.
-        # 1. https://bugs.python.org/issue17164
-        for cookie in self:
-            # Treat `expires=0` cookies as session cookies
-            if cookie.expires == 0:
-                cookie.expires = None
-                cookie.discard = True
-
-
-class YoutubeDLCookieProcessor(urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor):
-    def __init__(self, cookiejar=None):
-        urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor.__init__(self, cookiejar)
-
-    def http_response(self, request, response):
-        return urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor.http_response(self, request, response)
-
-    https_request = urllib.request.HTTPCookieProcessor.http_request
-    https_response = http_response
-
-
-class YoutubeDLRedirectHandler(urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler):
-    """YoutubeDL redirect handler
-
-    The code is based on HTTPRedirectHandler implementation from CPython [1].
-
-    This redirect handler solves two issues:
-     - ensures redirect URL is always unicode under python 2
-     - introduces support for experimental HTTP response status code
-       308 Permanent Redirect [2] used by some sites [3]
-
-    1. https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/master/Lib/urllib/request.py
-    2. https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/308
-    3. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28768
-    """
-
-    http_error_301 = http_error_303 = http_error_307 = http_error_308 = urllib.request.HTTPRedirectHandler.http_error_302
-
-    def redirect_request(self, req, fp, code, msg, headers, newurl):
-        """Return a Request or None in response to a redirect.
-
-        This is called by the http_error_30x methods when a
-        redirection response is received.  If a redirection should
-        take place, return a new Request to allow http_error_30x to
-        perform the redirect.  Otherwise, raise HTTPError if no-one
-        else should try to handle this url.  Return None if you can't
-        but another Handler might.
-        """
-        m = req.get_method()
-        if (not (code in (301, 302, 303, 307, 308) and m in ("GET", "HEAD")
-                 or code in (301, 302, 303) and m == "POST")):
-            raise urllib.error.HTTPError(req.full_url, code, msg, headers, fp)
-        # Strictly (according to RFC 2616), 301 or 302 in response to
-        # a POST MUST NOT cause a redirection without confirmation
-        # from the user (of urllib.request, in this case).  In practice,
-        # essentially all clients do redirect in this case, so we do
-        # the same.
-
-        # Be conciliant with URIs containing a space.  This is mainly
-        # redundant with the more complete encoding done in http_error_302(),
-        # but it is kept for compatibility with other callers.
-        newurl = newurl.replace(' ', '%20')
-
-        CONTENT_HEADERS = ("content-length", "content-type")
-        # NB: don't use dict comprehension for python 2.6 compatibility
-        newheaders = {k: v for k, v in req.headers.items() if k.lower() not in CONTENT_HEADERS}
-
-        # A 303 must either use GET or HEAD for subsequent request
-        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.4
-        if code == 303 and m != 'HEAD':
-            m = 'GET'
-        # 301 and 302 redirects are commonly turned into a GET from a POST
-        # for subsequent requests by browsers, so we'll do the same.
-        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.2
-        # https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc7231#section-6.4.3
-        if code in (301, 302) and m == 'POST':
-            m = 'GET'
-
-        return urllib.request.Request(
-            newurl, headers=newheaders, origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host,
-            unverifiable=True, method=m)
-
-
 def extract_timezone(date_str):
     m = re.search(
         r'''(?x)
@@ -1842,7 +1209,7 @@ def unified_strdate(date_str, day_first=True):
 
 
 def unified_timestamp(date_str, day_first=True):
-    if date_str is None:
+    if not isinstance(date_str, str):
         return None
 
     date_str = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', re.sub(
@@ -1905,7 +1272,7 @@ def datetime_from_str(date_str, precision='auto', format='%Y%m%d'):
     if precision == 'auto':
         auto_precision = True
         precision = 'microsecond'
-    today = datetime_round(datetime.datetime.utcnow(), precision)
+    today = datetime_round(datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc), precision)
     if date_str in ('now', 'today'):
         return today
     if date_str == 'yesterday':
@@ -1968,8 +1335,8 @@ def datetime_round(dt, precision='day'):
         'second': 1,
     }
     roundto = lambda x, n: ((x + n / 2) // n) * n
-    timestamp = calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple())
-    return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(roundto(timestamp, unit_seconds[precision]))
+    timestamp = roundto(calendar.timegm(dt.timetuple()), unit_seconds[precision])
+    return datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, datetime.timezone.utc)
 
 
 def hyphenate_date(date_str):
@@ -2009,20 +1376,14 @@ def __contains__(self, date):
             date = date_from_str(date)
         return self.start <= date <= self.end
 
-    def __str__(self):
-        return f'{self.start.isoformat()} - {self.end.isoformat()}'
+    def __repr__(self):
+        return f'{__name__}.{type(self).__name__}({self.start.isoformat()!r}, {self.end.isoformat()!r})'
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return (isinstance(other, DateRange)
                 and self.start == other.start and self.end == other.end)
 
 
-def platform_name():
-    """ Returns the platform name as a str """
-    deprecation_warning(f'"{__name__}.platform_name" is deprecated, use "platform.platform" instead')
-    return platform.platform()
-
-
 @functools.cache
 def system_identifier():
     python_implementation = platform.python_implementation()
@@ -2073,8 +1434,9 @@ def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):
     out.flush()
 
 
+# TODO: Use global logger
 def deprecation_warning(msg, *, printer=None, stacklevel=0, **kwargs):
-    from . import _IN_CLI
+    from .. import _IN_CLI
     if _IN_CLI:
         if msg in deprecation_warning._cache:
             return
@@ -2185,10 +1547,11 @@ def _lock_file(f, exclusive, block):
                 fcntl.lockf(f, flags)
 
         def _unlock_file(f):
-            try:
-                fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
-            except OSError:
-                fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+                return fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)
+            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+                return fcntl.lockf(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN)  # AOSP does not have flock()
+            return fcntl.flock(f, fcntl.LOCK_UN | fcntl.LOCK_NB)  # virtiofs needs LOCK_NB on unlocking
 
     except ImportError:
 
@@ -2576,16 +1939,6 @@ def urljoin(base, path):
     return urllib.parse.urljoin(base, path)
 
 
-class HEADRequest(urllib.request.Request):
-    def get_method(self):
-        return 'HEAD'
-
-
-class PUTRequest(urllib.request.Request):
-    def get_method(self):
-        return 'PUT'
-
-
 def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1):
     if get_attr and v is not None:
         v = getattr(v, get_attr, None)
@@ -2632,20 +1985,16 @@ def url_or_none(url):
     return url if re.match(r'^(?:(?:https?|rt(?:m(?:pt?[es]?|fp)|sp[su]?)|mms|ftps?):)?//', url) else None
 
 
-def request_to_url(req):
-    if isinstance(req, urllib.request.Request):
-        return req.get_full_url()
-    else:
-        return req
-
-
-def strftime_or_none(timestamp, date_format, default=None):
+def strftime_or_none(timestamp, date_format='%Y%m%d', default=None):
     datetime_object = None
     try:
         if isinstance(timestamp, (int, float)):  # unix timestamp
             # Using naive datetime here can break timestamp() in Windows
             # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5185, https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/94414
-            datetime_object = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, datetime.timezone.utc)
+            # Also, datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp breaks for negative timestamps
+            # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6706#issuecomment-1496842642
+            datetime_object = (datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(0, datetime.timezone.utc)
+                               + datetime.timedelta(seconds=timestamp))
         elif isinstance(timestamp, str):  # assume YYYYMMDD
             datetime_object = datetime.datetime.strptime(timestamp, '%Y%m%d')
         date_format = re.sub(  # Support %s on windows
@@ -2688,7 +2037,7 @@ def parse_duration(s):
                 )?
                 T)?
                 (?:
-                    (?P<hours>[0-9]+)\s*h(?:ours?)?,?\s*
+                    (?P<hours>[0-9]+)\s*h(?:(?:ou)?rs?)?,?\s*
                 )?
                 (?:
                     (?P<mins>[0-9]+)\s*m(?:in(?:ute)?s?)?,?\s*
@@ -3131,23 +2480,6 @@ def lowercase_escape(s):
         s)
 
 
-def escape_rfc3986(s):
-    """Escape non-ASCII characters as suggested by RFC 3986"""
-    return urllib.parse.quote(s, b"%/;:@&=+$,!~*'()?#[]")
-
-
-def escape_url(url):
-    """Escape URL as suggested by RFC 3986"""
-    url_parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
-    return url_parsed._replace(
-        netloc=url_parsed.netloc.encode('idna').decode('ascii'),
-        path=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.path),
-        params=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.params),
-        query=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.query),
-        fragment=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.fragment)
-    ).geturl()
-
-
 def parse_qs(url, **kwargs):
     return urllib.parse.parse_qs(urllib.parse.urlparse(url).query, **kwargs)
 
@@ -3199,26 +2531,6 @@ def update_url_query(url, query):
     return update_url(url, query_update=query)
 
 
-def update_Request(req, url=None, data=None, headers=None, query=None):
-    req_headers = req.headers.copy()
-    req_headers.update(headers or {})
-    req_data = data or req.data
-    req_url = update_url_query(url or req.get_full_url(), query)
-    req_get_method = req.get_method()
-    if req_get_method == 'HEAD':
-        req_type = HEADRequest
-    elif req_get_method == 'PUT':
-        req_type = PUTRequest
-    else:
-        req_type = urllib.request.Request
-    new_req = req_type(
-        req_url, data=req_data, headers=req_headers,
-        origin_req_host=req.origin_req_host, unverifiable=req.unverifiable)
-    if hasattr(req, 'timeout'):
-        new_req.timeout = req.timeout
-    return new_req
-
-
 def _multipart_encode_impl(data, boundary):
     content_type = 'multipart/form-data; boundary=%s' % boundary
 
@@ -3271,15 +2583,17 @@ def multipart_encode(data, boundary=None):
     return out, content_type
 
 
-def variadic(x, allowed_types=(str, bytes, dict)):
-    return x if isinstance(x, collections.abc.Iterable) and not isinstance(x, allowed_types) else (x,)
+def is_iterable_like(x, allowed_types=collections.abc.Iterable, blocked_types=NO_DEFAULT):
+    if blocked_types is NO_DEFAULT:
+        blocked_types = (str, bytes, collections.abc.Mapping)
+    return isinstance(x, allowed_types) and not isinstance(x, blocked_types)
 
 
-def dict_get(d, key_or_keys, default=None, skip_false_values=True):
-    for val in map(d.get, variadic(key_or_keys)):
-        if val is not None and (val or not skip_false_values):
-            return val
-    return default
+def variadic(x, allowed_types=NO_DEFAULT):
+    if not isinstance(allowed_types, (tuple, type)):
+        deprecation_warning('allowed_types should be a tuple or a type')
+        allowed_types = tuple(allowed_types)
+    return x if is_iterable_like(x, blocked_types=allowed_types) else (x, )
 
 
 def try_call(*funcs, expected_type=None, args=[], kwargs={}):
@@ -3364,7 +2678,7 @@ def strip_jsonp(code):
 
 def js_to_json(code, vars={}, *, strict=False):
     # vars is a dict of var, val pairs to substitute
-    STRING_QUOTES = '\'"'
+    STRING_QUOTES = '\'"`'
     STRING_RE = '|'.join(rf'{q}(?:\\.|[^\\{q}])*{q}' for q in STRING_QUOTES)
     COMMENT_RE = r'/\*(?:(?!\*/).)*?\*/|//[^\n]*\n'
     SKIP_RE = fr'\s*(?:{COMMENT_RE})?\s*'
@@ -3382,6 +2696,12 @@ def process_escape(match):
                 else '' if escape == '\n'
                 else escape)
 
+    def template_substitute(match):
+        evaluated = js_to_json(match.group(1), vars, strict=strict)
+        if evaluated[0] == '"':
+            return json.loads(evaluated)
+        return evaluated
+
     def fix_kv(m):
         v = m.group(0)
         if v in ('true', 'false', 'null'):
@@ -3392,7 +2712,8 @@ def fix_kv(m):
             return ''
 
         if v[0] in STRING_QUOTES:
-            escaped = re.sub(r'(?s)(")|\\(.)', process_escape, v[1:-1])
+            v = re.sub(r'(?s)\${([^}]+)}', template_substitute, v[1:-1]) if v[0] == '`' else v[1:-1]
+            escaped = re.sub(r'(?s)(")|\\(.)', process_escape, v)
             return f'"{escaped}"'
 
         for regex, base in INTEGER_TABLE:
@@ -3418,9 +2739,10 @@ def fix_kv(m):
     def create_map(mobj):
         return json.dumps(dict(json.loads(js_to_json(mobj.group(1) or '[]', vars=vars))))
 
+    code = re.sub(r'(?:new\s+)?Array\((.*?)\)', r'[\g<1>]', code)
     code = re.sub(r'new Map\((\[.*?\])?\)', create_map, code)
     if not strict:
-        code = re.sub(r'new Date\((".+")\)', r'\g<1>', code)
+        code = re.sub(rf'new Date\(({STRING_RE})\)', r'\g<1>', code)
         code = re.sub(r'new \w+\((.*?)\)', lambda m: json.dumps(m.group(0)), code)
         code = re.sub(r'parseInt\([^\d]+(\d+)[^\d]+\)', r'\1', code)
         code = re.sub(r'\(function\([^)]*\)\s*\{[^}]*\}\s*\)\s*\(\s*(["\'][^)]*["\'])\s*\)', r'\1', code)
@@ -3483,7 +2805,7 @@ def q(qid):
 '''
 
 
-STR_FORMAT_TYPES = 'diouxXeEfFgGcrs'
+STR_FORMAT_TYPES = 'diouxXeEfFgGcrsa'
 
 
 def limit_length(s, length):
@@ -3512,7 +2834,7 @@ def is_outdated_version(version, limit, assume_new=True):
 def ytdl_is_updateable():
     """ Returns if yt-dlp can be updated with -U """
 
-    from .update import is_non_updateable
+    from ..update import is_non_updateable
 
     return not is_non_updateable()
 
@@ -3522,10 +2844,6 @@ def args_to_str(args):
     return ' '.join(compat_shlex_quote(a) for a in args)
 
 
-def error_to_compat_str(err):
-    return str(err)
-
-
 def error_to_str(err):
     return f'{type(err).__name__}: {err}'
 
@@ -3546,6 +2864,7 @@ def mimetype2ext(mt, default=NO_DEFAULT):
         'quicktime': 'mov',
         'webm': 'webm',
         'vp9': 'vp9',
+        'video/ogg': 'ogv',
         'x-flv': 'flv',
         'x-m4v': 'm4v',
         'x-matroska': 'mkv',
@@ -3612,7 +2931,7 @@ def mimetype2ext(mt, default=NO_DEFAULT):
     mimetype = mt.partition(';')[0].strip().lower()
     _, _, subtype = mimetype.rpartition('/')
 
-    ext = traverse_obj(MAP, mimetype, subtype, subtype.rsplit('+')[-1])
+    ext = traversal.traverse_obj(MAP, mimetype, subtype, subtype.rsplit('+')[-1])
     if ext:
         return ext
     elif default is not NO_DEFAULT:
@@ -3644,7 +2963,7 @@ def parse_codecs(codecs_str):
             vcodec = full_codec
             if parts[0] in ('dvh1', 'dvhe'):
                 hdr = 'DV'
-            elif parts[0] == 'av1' and traverse_obj(parts, 3) == '10':
+            elif parts[0] == 'av1' and traversal.traverse_obj(parts, 3) == '10':
                 hdr = 'HDR10'
             elif parts[:2] == ['vp9', '2']:
                 hdr = 'HDR10'
@@ -3937,12 +3256,10 @@ def _match_func(info_dict, incomplete=False):
 
 
 class download_range_func:
-    def __init__(self, chapters, ranges):
-        self.chapters, self.ranges = chapters, ranges
+    def __init__(self, chapters, ranges, from_info=False):
+        self.chapters, self.ranges, self.from_info = chapters, ranges, from_info
 
     def __call__(self, info_dict, ydl):
-        if not self.ranges and not self.chapters:
-            yield {}
 
         warning = ('There are no chapters matching the regex' if info_dict.get('chapters')
                    else 'Cannot match chapters since chapter information is unavailable')
@@ -3954,7 +3271,23 @@ def __call__(self, info_dict, ydl):
         if self.chapters and warning:
             ydl.to_screen(f'[info] {info_dict["id"]}: {warning}')
 
-        yield from ({'start_time': start, 'end_time': end} for start, end in self.ranges or [])
+        for start, end in self.ranges or []:
+            yield {
+                'start_time': self._handle_negative_timestamp(start, info_dict),
+                'end_time': self._handle_negative_timestamp(end, info_dict),
+            }
+
+        if self.from_info and (info_dict.get('start_time') or info_dict.get('end_time')):
+            yield {
+                'start_time': info_dict.get('start_time') or 0,
+                'end_time': info_dict.get('end_time') or float('inf'),
+            }
+        elif not self.ranges and not self.chapters:
+            yield {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _handle_negative_timestamp(time, info):
+        return max(info['duration'] + time, 0) if info.get('duration') and time < 0 else time
 
     def __eq__(self, other):
         return (isinstance(other, download_range_func)
@@ -4084,6 +3417,10 @@ def data(self, data):
         def close(self):
             return self._out.strip()
 
+    # Fix UTF-8 encoded file wrongly marked as UTF-16. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6543#issuecomment-1477169870
+    # This will not trigger false positives since only UTF-8 text is being replaced
+    dfxp_data = dfxp_data.replace(b'encoding=\'UTF-16\'', b'encoding=\'UTF-8\'')
+
     def parse_node(node):
         target = TTMLPElementParser()
         parser = xml.etree.ElementTree.XMLParser(target=target)
@@ -4332,6 +3669,7 @@ class ISO639Utils:
         'or': 'ori',
         'os': 'oss',
         'pa': 'pan',
+        'pe': 'per',
         'pi': 'pli',
         'pl': 'pol',
         'ps': 'pus',
@@ -4928,31 +4266,6 @@ def random_ipv4(cls, code_or_block):
             struct.pack('!L', random.randint(addr_min, addr_max))))
 
 
-class PerRequestProxyHandler(urllib.request.ProxyHandler):
-    def __init__(self, proxies=None):
-        # Set default handlers
-        for type in ('http', 'https'):
-            setattr(self, '%s_open' % type,
-                    lambda r, proxy='__noproxy__', type=type, meth=self.proxy_open:
-                        meth(r, proxy, type))
-        urllib.request.ProxyHandler.__init__(self, proxies)
-
-    def proxy_open(self, req, proxy, type):
-        req_proxy = req.headers.get('Ytdl-request-proxy')
-        if req_proxy is not None:
-            proxy = req_proxy
-            del req.headers['Ytdl-request-proxy']
-
-        if proxy == '__noproxy__':
-            return None  # No Proxy
-        if urllib.parse.urlparse(proxy).scheme.lower() in ('socks', 'socks4', 'socks4a', 'socks5'):
-            req.add_header('Ytdl-socks-proxy', proxy)
-            # yt-dlp's http/https handlers do wrapping the socket with socks
-            return None
-        return urllib.request.ProxyHandler.proxy_open(
-            self, req, proxy, type)
-
-
 # Both long_to_bytes and bytes_to_long are adapted from PyCrypto, which is
 # released into Public Domain
 # https://github.com/dlitz/pycrypto/blob/master/lib/Crypto/Util/number.py#L387
@@ -5068,12 +4381,6 @@ def decode_base_n(string, n=None, table=None):
     return result
 
 
-def decode_base(value, digits):
-    deprecation_warning(f'{__name__}.decode_base is deprecated and may be removed '
-                        f'in a future version. Use {__name__}.decode_base_n instead')
-    return decode_base_n(value, table=digits)
-
-
 def decode_packed_codes(code):
     mobj = re.search(PACKED_CODES_RE, code)
     obfuscated_code, base, count, symbols = mobj.groups()
@@ -5118,113 +4425,6 @@ def urshift(val, n):
     return val >> n if val >= 0 else (val + 0x100000000) >> n
 
 
-# Based on png2str() written by @gdkchan and improved by @yokrysty
-# Originally posted at https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/9706
-def decode_png(png_data):
-    # Reference: https://www.w3.org/TR/PNG/
-    header = png_data[8:]
-
-    if png_data[:8] != b'\x89PNG\x0d\x0a\x1a\x0a' or header[4:8] != b'IHDR':
-        raise OSError('Not a valid PNG file.')
-
-    int_map = {1: '>B', 2: '>H', 4: '>I'}
-    unpack_integer = lambda x: struct.unpack(int_map[len(x)], x)[0]
-
-    chunks = []
-
-    while header:
-        length = unpack_integer(header[:4])
-        header = header[4:]
-
-        chunk_type = header[:4]
-        header = header[4:]
-
-        chunk_data = header[:length]
-        header = header[length:]
-
-        header = header[4:]  # Skip CRC
-
-        chunks.append({
-            'type': chunk_type,
-            'length': length,
-            'data': chunk_data
-        })
-
-    ihdr = chunks[0]['data']
-
-    width = unpack_integer(ihdr[:4])
-    height = unpack_integer(ihdr[4:8])
-
-    idat = b''
-
-    for chunk in chunks:
-        if chunk['type'] == b'IDAT':
-            idat += chunk['data']
-
-    if not idat:
-        raise OSError('Unable to read PNG data.')
-
-    decompressed_data = bytearray(zlib.decompress(idat))
-
-    stride = width * 3
-    pixels = []
-
-    def _get_pixel(idx):
-        x = idx % stride
-        y = idx // stride
-        return pixels[y][x]
-
-    for y in range(height):
-        basePos = y * (1 + stride)
-        filter_type = decompressed_data[basePos]
-
-        current_row = []
-
-        pixels.append(current_row)
-
-        for x in range(stride):
-            color = decompressed_data[1 + basePos + x]
-            basex = y * stride + x
-            left = 0
-            up = 0
-
-            if x > 2:
-                left = _get_pixel(basex - 3)
-            if y > 0:
-                up = _get_pixel(basex - stride)
-
-            if filter_type == 1:  # Sub
-                color = (color + left) & 0xff
-            elif filter_type == 2:  # Up
-                color = (color + up) & 0xff
-            elif filter_type == 3:  # Average
-                color = (color + ((left + up) >> 1)) & 0xff
-            elif filter_type == 4:  # Paeth
-                a = left
-                b = up
-                c = 0
-
-                if x > 2 and y > 0:
-                    c = _get_pixel(basex - stride - 3)
-
-                p = a + b - c
-
-                pa = abs(p - a)
-                pb = abs(p - b)
-                pc = abs(p - c)
-
-                if pa <= pb and pa <= pc:
-                    color = (color + a) & 0xff
-                elif pb <= pc:
-                    color = (color + b) & 0xff
-                else:
-                    color = (color + c) & 0xff
-
-            current_row.append(color)
-
-    return width, height, pixels
-
-
 def write_xattr(path, key, value):
     # Windows: Write xattrs to NTFS Alternate Data Streams:
     # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS#Alternate_data_streams_.28ADS.29
@@ -5239,10 +4439,12 @@ def write_xattr(path, key, value):
             raise XAttrMetadataError(e.errno, e.strerror)
         return
 
-    # UNIX Method 1. Use xattrs/pyxattrs modules
+    # UNIX Method 1. Use os.setxattr/xattrs/pyxattrs modules
 
     setxattr = None
-    if getattr(xattr, '_yt_dlp__identifier', None) == 'pyxattr':
+    if callable(getattr(os, 'setxattr', None)):
+        setxattr = os.setxattr
+    elif getattr(xattr, '_yt_dlp__identifier', None) == 'pyxattr':
         # Unicode arguments are not supported in pyxattr until version 0.5.0
         # See https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/5498
         if version_tuple(xattr.__version__) >= (0, 5, 0):
@@ -5383,27 +4585,32 @@ def to_high_limit_path(path):
 
 
 def format_field(obj, field=None, template='%s', ignore=NO_DEFAULT, default='', func=IDENTITY):
-    val = traverse_obj(obj, *variadic(field))
-    if (not val and val != 0) if ignore is NO_DEFAULT else val in variadic(ignore):
+    val = traversal.traverse_obj(obj, *variadic(field))
+    if not val if ignore is NO_DEFAULT else val in variadic(ignore):
         return default
     return template % func(val)
 
 
 def clean_podcast_url(url):
-    return re.sub(r'''(?x)
+    url = re.sub(r'''(?x)
         (?:
             (?:
                 chtbl\.com/track|
                 media\.blubrry\.com| # https://create.blubrry.com/resources/podcast-media-download-statistics/getting-started/
-                play\.podtrac\.com
-            )/[^/]+|
+                play\.podtrac\.com|
+                chrt\.fm/track|
+                mgln\.ai/e
+            )(?:/[^/.]+)?|
             (?:dts|www)\.podtrac\.com/(?:pts/)?redirect\.[0-9a-z]{3,4}| # http://analytics.podtrac.com/how-to-measure
             flex\.acast\.com|
             pd(?:
                 cn\.co| # https://podcorn.com/analytics-prefix/
                 st\.fm # https://podsights.com/docs/
-            )/e
+            )/e|
+            [0-9]\.gum\.fm|
+            pscrb\.fm/rss/p
         )/''', '', url)
+    return re.sub(r'^\w+://(\w+://)', r'\1', url)
 
 
 _HEX_TABLE = '0123456789abcdef'
@@ -5421,12 +4628,12 @@ def make_dir(path, to_screen=None):
         return True
     except OSError as err:
         if callable(to_screen) is not None:
-            to_screen('unable to create directory ' + error_to_compat_str(err))
+            to_screen(f'unable to create directory {err}')
         return False
 
 
 def get_executable_path():
-    from .update import _get_variant_and_executable_path
+    from ..update import _get_variant_and_executable_path
 
     return os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(_get_variant_and_executable_path()[1]))
 
@@ -5450,243 +4657,6 @@ def get_system_config_dirs(package_name):
     yield os.path.join('/etc', package_name)
 
 
-def traverse_obj(
-        obj, *paths, default=NO_DEFAULT, expected_type=None, get_all=True,
-        casesense=True, is_user_input=False, traverse_string=False):
-    """
-    Safely traverse nested `dict`s and `Sequence`s
-
-    >>> obj = [{}, {"key": "value"}]
-    >>> traverse_obj(obj, (1, "key"))
-    "value"
-
-    Each of the provided `paths` is tested and the first producing a valid result will be returned.
-    The next path will also be tested if the path branched but no results could be found.
-    Supported values for traversal are `Mapping`, `Sequence` and `re.Match`.
-    Unhelpful values (`{}`, `None`) are treated as the absence of a value and discarded.
-
-    The paths will be wrapped in `variadic`, so that `'key'` is conveniently the same as `('key', )`.
-
-    The keys in the path can be one of:
-        - `None`:           Return the current object.
-        - `set`:            Requires the only item in the set to be a type or function,
-                            like `{type}`/`{func}`. If a `type`, returns only values
-                            of this type. If a function, returns `func(obj)`.
-        - `str`/`int`:      Return `obj[key]`. For `re.Match`, return `obj.group(key)`.
-        - `slice`:          Branch out and return all values in `obj[key]`.
-        - `Ellipsis`:       Branch out and return a list of all values.
-        - `tuple`/`list`:   Branch out and return a list of all matching values.
-                            Read as: `[traverse_obj(obj, branch) for branch in branches]`.
-        - `function`:       Branch out and return values filtered by the function.
-                            Read as: `[value for key, value in obj if function(key, value)]`.
-                            For `Sequence`s, `key` is the index of the value.
-                            For `re.Match`es, `key` is the group number (0 = full match)
-                            as well as additionally any group names, if given.
-        - `dict`            Transform the current object and return a matching dict.
-                            Read as: `{key: traverse_obj(obj, path) for key, path in dct.items()}`.
-
-        `tuple`, `list`, and `dict` all support nested paths and branches.
-
-    @params paths           Paths which to traverse by.
-    @param default          Value to return if the paths do not match.
-                            If the last key in the path is a `dict`, it will apply to each value inside
-                            the dict instead, depth first. Try to avoid if using nested `dict` keys.
-    @param expected_type    If a `type`, only accept final values of this type.
-                            If any other callable, try to call the function on each result.
-                            If the last key in the path is a `dict`, it will apply to each value inside
-                            the dict instead, recursively. This does respect branching paths.
-    @param get_all          If `False`, return the first matching result, otherwise all matching ones.
-    @param casesense        If `False`, consider string dictionary keys as case insensitive.
-
-    The following are only meant to be used by YoutubeDL.prepare_outtmpl and are not part of the API
-
-    @param is_user_input    Whether the keys are generated from user input.
-                            If `True` strings get converted to `int`/`slice` if needed.
-    @param traverse_string  Whether to traverse into objects as strings.
-                            If `True`, any non-compatible object will first be
-                            converted into a string and then traversed into.
-                            The return value of that path will be a string instead,
-                            not respecting any further branching.
-
-
-    @returns                The result of the object traversal.
-                            If successful, `get_all=True`, and the path branches at least once,
-                            then a list of results is returned instead.
-                            If no `default` is given and the last path branches, a `list` of results
-                            is always returned. If a path ends on a `dict` that result will always be a `dict`.
-    """
-    is_sequence = lambda x: isinstance(x, collections.abc.Sequence) and not isinstance(x, (str, bytes))
-    casefold = lambda k: k.casefold() if isinstance(k, str) else k
-
-    if isinstance(expected_type, type):
-        type_test = lambda val: val if isinstance(val, expected_type) else None
-    else:
-        type_test = lambda val: try_call(expected_type or IDENTITY, args=(val,))
-
-    def apply_key(key, obj, is_last):
-        branching = False
-        result = None
-
-        if obj is None and traverse_string:
-            pass
-
-        elif key is None:
-            result = obj
-
-        elif isinstance(key, set):
-            assert len(key) == 1, 'Set should only be used to wrap a single item'
-            item = next(iter(key))
-            if isinstance(item, type):
-                if isinstance(obj, item):
-                    result = obj
-            else:
-                result = try_call(item, args=(obj,))
-
-        elif isinstance(key, (list, tuple)):
-            branching = True
-            result = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
-                apply_path(obj, branch, is_last)[0] for branch in key)
-
-        elif key is ...:
-            branching = True
-            if isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
-                result = obj.values()
-            elif is_sequence(obj):
-                result = obj
-            elif isinstance(obj, re.Match):
-                result = obj.groups()
-            elif traverse_string:
-                branching = False
-                result = str(obj)
-            else:
-                result = ()
-
-        elif callable(key):
-            branching = True
-            if isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
-                iter_obj = obj.items()
-            elif is_sequence(obj):
-                iter_obj = enumerate(obj)
-            elif isinstance(obj, re.Match):
-                iter_obj = itertools.chain(
-                    enumerate((obj.group(), *obj.groups())),
-                    obj.groupdict().items())
-            elif traverse_string:
-                branching = False
-                iter_obj = enumerate(str(obj))
-            else:
-                iter_obj = ()
-
-            result = (v for k, v in iter_obj if try_call(key, args=(k, v)))
-            if not branching:  # string traversal
-                result = ''.join(result)
-
-        elif isinstance(key, dict):
-            iter_obj = ((k, _traverse_obj(obj, v, False, is_last)) for k, v in key.items())
-            result = {
-                k: v if v is not None else default for k, v in iter_obj
-                if v is not None or default is not NO_DEFAULT
-            } or None
-
-        elif isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
-            result = (obj.get(key) if casesense or (key in obj) else
-                      next((v for k, v in obj.items() if casefold(k) == key), None))
-
-        elif isinstance(obj, re.Match):
-            if isinstance(key, int) or casesense:
-                with contextlib.suppress(IndexError):
-                    result = obj.group(key)
-
-            elif isinstance(key, str):
-                result = next((v for k, v in obj.groupdict().items() if casefold(k) == key), None)
-
-        elif isinstance(key, (int, slice)):
-            if is_sequence(obj):
-                branching = isinstance(key, slice)
-                with contextlib.suppress(IndexError):
-                    result = obj[key]
-            elif traverse_string:
-                with contextlib.suppress(IndexError):
-                    result = str(obj)[key]
-
-        return branching, result if branching else (result,)
-
-    def lazy_last(iterable):
-        iterator = iter(iterable)
-        prev = next(iterator, NO_DEFAULT)
-        if prev is NO_DEFAULT:
-            return
-
-        for item in iterator:
-            yield False, prev
-            prev = item
-
-        yield True, prev
-
-    def apply_path(start_obj, path, test_type):
-        objs = (start_obj,)
-        has_branched = False
-
-        key = None
-        for last, key in lazy_last(variadic(path, (str, bytes, dict, set))):
-            if is_user_input and isinstance(key, str):
-                if key == ':':
-                    key = ...
-                elif ':' in key:
-                    key = slice(*map(int_or_none, key.split(':')))
-                elif int_or_none(key) is not None:
-                    key = int(key)
-
-            if not casesense and isinstance(key, str):
-                key = key.casefold()
-
-            if __debug__ and callable(key):
-                # Verify function signature
-                inspect.signature(key).bind(None, None)
-
-            new_objs = []
-            for obj in objs:
-                branching, results = apply_key(key, obj, last)
-                has_branched |= branching
-                new_objs.append(results)
-
-            objs = itertools.chain.from_iterable(new_objs)
-
-        if test_type and not isinstance(key, (dict, list, tuple)):
-            objs = map(type_test, objs)
-
-        return objs, has_branched, isinstance(key, dict)
-
-    def _traverse_obj(obj, path, allow_empty, test_type):
-        results, has_branched, is_dict = apply_path(obj, path, test_type)
-        results = LazyList(item for item in results if item not in (None, {}))
-        if get_all and has_branched:
-            if results:
-                return results.exhaust()
-            if allow_empty:
-                return [] if default is NO_DEFAULT else default
-            return None
-
-        return results[0] if results else {} if allow_empty and is_dict else None
-
-    for index, path in enumerate(paths, 1):
-        result = _traverse_obj(obj, path, index == len(paths), True)
-        if result is not None:
-            return result
-
-    return None if default is NO_DEFAULT else default
-
-
-def traverse_dict(dictn, keys, casesense=True):
-    deprecation_warning(f'"{__name__}.traverse_dict" is deprecated and may be removed '
-                        f'in a future version. Use "{__name__}.traverse_obj" instead')
-    return traverse_obj(dictn, keys, casesense=casesense, is_user_input=True, traverse_string=True)
-
-
-def get_first(obj, keys, **kwargs):
-    return traverse_obj(obj, (..., *variadic(keys)), **kwargs, get_all=False)
-
-
 def time_seconds(**kwargs):
     """
     Returns TZ-aware time in seconds since the epoch (1970-01-01T00:00:00Z)
@@ -5782,7 +4752,7 @@ def number_of_digits(number):
 
 def join_nonempty(*values, delim='-', from_dict=None):
     if from_dict is not None:
-        values = (traverse_obj(from_dict, variadic(v)) for v in values)
+        values = (traversal.traverse_obj(from_dict, variadic(v)) for v in values)
     return delim.join(map(str, filter(None, values)))
 
 
@@ -6203,6 +5173,7 @@ def orderedSet_from_options(options, alias_dict, *, use_regex=False, start=None)
     return orderedSet(requested)
 
 
+# TODO: Rewrite
 class FormatSorter:
     regex = r' *((?P<reverse>\+)?(?P<field>[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)((?P<separator>[~:])(?P<limit>.*?))?)? *$'
 
@@ -6251,8 +5222,10 @@ class FormatSorter:
         'source': {'convert': 'float', 'field': 'source_preference', 'default': -1},
 
         'codec': {'type': 'combined', 'field': ('vcodec', 'acodec')},
-        'br': {'type': 'combined', 'field': ('tbr', 'vbr', 'abr'), 'same_limit': True},
-        'size': {'type': 'combined', 'same_limit': True, 'field': ('filesize', 'fs_approx')},
+        'br': {'type': 'multiple', 'field': ('tbr', 'vbr', 'abr'), 'convert': 'float_none',
+               'function': lambda it: next(filter(None, it), None)},
+        'size': {'type': 'multiple', 'field': ('filesize', 'fs_approx'), 'convert': 'bytes',
+                 'function': lambda it: next(filter(None, it), None)},
         'ext': {'type': 'combined', 'field': ('vext', 'aext')},
         'res': {'type': 'multiple', 'field': ('height', 'width'),
                 'function': lambda it: (lambda l: min(l) if l else 0)(tuple(filter(None, it)))},
@@ -6483,25 +5456,45 @@ def calculate_preference(self, format):
             format['preference'] = -100
 
         # Determine missing bitrates
-        if format.get('tbr') is None:
-            if format.get('vbr') is not None and format.get('abr') is not None:
-                format['tbr'] = format.get('vbr', 0) + format.get('abr', 0)
-        else:
-            if format.get('vcodec') != 'none' and format.get('vbr') is None:
-                format['vbr'] = format.get('tbr') - format.get('abr', 0)
-            if format.get('acodec') != 'none' and format.get('abr') is None:
-                format['abr'] = format.get('tbr') - format.get('vbr', 0)
+        if format.get('vcodec') == 'none':
+            format['vbr'] = 0
+        if format.get('acodec') == 'none':
+            format['abr'] = 0
+        if not format.get('vbr') and format.get('vcodec') != 'none':
+            format['vbr'] = try_call(lambda: format['tbr'] - format['abr']) or None
+        if not format.get('abr') and format.get('acodec') != 'none':
+            format['abr'] = try_call(lambda: format['tbr'] - format['vbr']) or None
+        if not format.get('tbr'):
+            format['tbr'] = try_call(lambda: format['vbr'] + format['abr']) or None
 
         return tuple(self._calculate_field_preference(format, field) for field in self._order)
 
 
-# Deprecated
-has_certifi = bool(certifi)
-has_websockets = bool(websockets)
+# XXX: Temporary
+class _YDLLogger:
+    def __init__(self, ydl=None):
+        self._ydl = ydl
 
+    def debug(self, message):
+        if self._ydl:
+            self._ydl.write_debug(message)
 
-def load_plugins(name, suffix, namespace):
-    from .plugins import load_plugins
-    ret = load_plugins(name, suffix)
-    namespace.update(ret)
-    return ret
+    def info(self, message):
+        if self._ydl:
+            self._ydl.to_screen(message)
+
+    def warning(self, message, *, once=False):
+        if self._ydl:
+            self._ydl.report_warning(message, once)
+
+    def error(self, message, *, is_error=True):
+        if self._ydl:
+            self._ydl.report_error(message, is_error=is_error)
+
+    def stdout(self, message):
+        if self._ydl:
+            self._ydl.to_stdout(message)
+
+    def stderr(self, message):
+        if self._ydl:
+            self._ydl.to_stderr(message)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/networking.py b/yt_dlp/utils/networking.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ba0493cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/networking.py
@@ -0,0 +1,163 @@
+import collections
+import random
+import urllib.parse
+import urllib.request
+
+from ._utils import remove_start
+
+
+def random_user_agent():
+    _USER_AGENT_TPL = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/%s Safari/537.36'
+    _CHROME_VERSIONS = (
+        '90.0.4430.212',
+        '90.0.4430.24',
+        '90.0.4430.70',
+        '90.0.4430.72',
+        '90.0.4430.85',
+        '90.0.4430.93',
+        '91.0.4472.101',
+        '91.0.4472.106',
+        '91.0.4472.114',
+        '91.0.4472.124',
+        '91.0.4472.164',
+        '91.0.4472.19',
+        '91.0.4472.77',
+        '92.0.4515.107',
+        '92.0.4515.115',
+        '92.0.4515.131',
+        '92.0.4515.159',
+        '92.0.4515.43',
+        '93.0.4556.0',
+        '93.0.4577.15',
+        '93.0.4577.63',
+        '93.0.4577.82',
+        '94.0.4606.41',
+        '94.0.4606.54',
+        '94.0.4606.61',
+        '94.0.4606.71',
+        '94.0.4606.81',
+        '94.0.4606.85',
+        '95.0.4638.17',
+        '95.0.4638.50',
+        '95.0.4638.54',
+        '95.0.4638.69',
+        '95.0.4638.74',
+        '96.0.4664.18',
+        '96.0.4664.45',
+        '96.0.4664.55',
+        '96.0.4664.93',
+        '97.0.4692.20',
+    )
+    return _USER_AGENT_TPL % random.choice(_CHROME_VERSIONS)
+
+
+class HTTPHeaderDict(collections.UserDict, dict):
+    """
+    Store and access keys case-insensitively.
+    The constructor can take multiple dicts, in which keys in the latter are prioritised.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__()
+        for dct in args:
+            if dct is not None:
+                self.update(dct)
+        self.update(kwargs)
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            value = value.decode('latin-1')
+        super().__setitem__(key.title(), str(value))
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key):
+        return super().__getitem__(key.title())
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key):
+        super().__delitem__(key.title())
+
+    def __contains__(self, key):
+        return super().__contains__(key.title() if isinstance(key, str) else key)
+
+
+std_headers = HTTPHeaderDict({
+    'User-Agent': random_user_agent(),
+    'Accept': 'text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8',
+    'Accept-Language': 'en-us,en;q=0.5',
+    'Sec-Fetch-Mode': 'navigate',
+})
+
+
+def clean_proxies(proxies: dict, headers: HTTPHeaderDict):
+    req_proxy = headers.pop('Ytdl-Request-Proxy', None)
+    if req_proxy:
+        proxies.clear()  # XXX: compat: Ytdl-Request-Proxy takes preference over everything, including NO_PROXY
+        proxies['all'] = req_proxy
+    for proxy_key, proxy_url in proxies.items():
+        if proxy_url == '__noproxy__':
+            proxies[proxy_key] = None
+            continue
+        if proxy_key == 'no':  # special case
+            continue
+        if proxy_url is not None:
+            # Ensure proxies without a scheme are http.
+            try:
+                proxy_scheme = urllib.request._parse_proxy(proxy_url)[0]
+            except ValueError:
+                # Ignore invalid proxy URLs. Sometimes these may be introduced through environment
+                # variables unrelated to proxy settings - e.g. Colab `COLAB_LANGUAGE_SERVER_PROXY`.
+                # If the proxy is going to be used, the Request Handler proxy validation will handle it.
+                continue
+            if proxy_scheme is None:
+                proxies[proxy_key] = 'http://' + remove_start(proxy_url, '//')
+
+            replace_scheme = {
+                'socks5': 'socks5h',  # compat: socks5 was treated as socks5h
+                'socks': 'socks4'  # compat: non-standard
+            }
+            if proxy_scheme in replace_scheme:
+                proxies[proxy_key] = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
+                    urllib.parse.urlparse(proxy_url)._replace(scheme=replace_scheme[proxy_scheme]))
+
+
+def clean_headers(headers: HTTPHeaderDict):
+    if 'Youtubedl-No-Compression' in headers:  # compat
+        del headers['Youtubedl-No-Compression']
+        headers['Accept-Encoding'] = 'identity'
+
+
+def remove_dot_segments(path):
+    # Implements RFC3986 5.2.4 remote_dot_segments
+    # Pseudo-code: https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-5.2.4
+    # https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/blob/ba49f5c4e19e6bca6827282feb77a3c9f937e64b/src/urllib3/util/url.py#L263
+    output = []
+    segments = path.split('/')
+    for s in segments:
+        if s == '.':
+            continue
+        elif s == '..':
+            if output:
+                output.pop()
+        else:
+            output.append(s)
+    if not segments[0] and (not output or output[0]):
+        output.insert(0, '')
+    if segments[-1] in ('.', '..'):
+        output.append('')
+    return '/'.join(output)
+
+
+def escape_rfc3986(s):
+    """Escape non-ASCII characters as suggested by RFC 3986"""
+    return urllib.parse.quote(s, b"%/;:@&=+$,!~*'()?#[]")
+
+
+def normalize_url(url):
+    """Normalize URL as suggested by RFC 3986"""
+    url_parsed = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+    return url_parsed._replace(
+        netloc=url_parsed.netloc.encode('idna').decode('ascii'),
+        path=escape_rfc3986(remove_dot_segments(url_parsed.path)),
+        params=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.params),
+        query=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.query),
+        fragment=escape_rfc3986(url_parsed.fragment)
+    ).geturl()
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/progress.py b/yt_dlp/utils/progress.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f254a3887
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/progress.py
@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import bisect
+import threading
+import time
+
+
+class ProgressCalculator:
+    # Time to calculate the speed over (seconds)
+    SAMPLING_WINDOW = 3
+    # Minimum timeframe before to sample next downloaded bytes (seconds)
+    SAMPLING_RATE = 0.05
+    # Time before showing eta (seconds)
+    GRACE_PERIOD = 1
+
+    def __init__(self, initial: int):
+        self._initial = initial or 0
+        self.downloaded = self._initial
+
+        self.elapsed: float = 0
+        self.speed = SmoothValue(0, smoothing=0.7)
+        self.eta = SmoothValue(None, smoothing=0.9)
+
+        self._total = 0
+        self._start_time = time.monotonic()
+        self._last_update = self._start_time
+
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._thread_sizes: dict[int, int] = {}
+
+        self._times = [self._start_time]
+        self._downloaded = [self.downloaded]
+
+    @property
+    def total(self):
+        return self._total
+
+    @total.setter
+    def total(self, value: int | None):
+        with self._lock:
+            if value is not None and value < self.downloaded:
+                value = self.downloaded
+
+            self._total = value
+
+    def thread_reset(self):
+        current_thread = threading.get_ident()
+        with self._lock:
+            self._thread_sizes[current_thread] = 0
+
+    def update(self, size: int | None):
+        if not size:
+            return
+
+        current_thread = threading.get_ident()
+
+        with self._lock:
+            last_size = self._thread_sizes.get(current_thread, 0)
+            self._thread_sizes[current_thread] = size
+            self._update(size - last_size)
+
+    def _update(self, size: int):
+        current_time = time.monotonic()
+
+        self.downloaded += size
+        self.elapsed = current_time - self._start_time
+        if self.total is not None and self.downloaded > self.total:
+            self._total = self.downloaded
+
+        if self._last_update + self.SAMPLING_RATE > current_time:
+            return
+        self._last_update = current_time
+
+        self._times.append(current_time)
+        self._downloaded.append(self.downloaded)
+
+        offset = bisect.bisect_left(self._times, current_time - self.SAMPLING_WINDOW)
+        del self._times[:offset]
+        del self._downloaded[:offset]
+        if len(self._times) < 2:
+            self.speed.reset()
+            self.eta.reset()
+            return
+
+        download_time = current_time - self._times[0]
+        if not download_time:
+            return
+
+        self.speed.set((self.downloaded - self._downloaded[0]) / download_time)
+        if self.total and self.speed.value and self.elapsed > self.GRACE_PERIOD:
+            self.eta.set((self.total - self.downloaded) / self.speed.value)
+        else:
+            self.eta.reset()
+
+
+class SmoothValue:
+    def __init__(self, initial: float | None, smoothing: float):
+        self.value = self.smooth = self._initial = initial
+        self._smoothing = smoothing
+
+    def set(self, value: float):
+        self.value = value
+        if self.smooth is None:
+            self.smooth = self.value
+        else:
+            self.smooth = (1 - self._smoothing) * value + self._smoothing * self.smooth
+
+    def reset(self):
+        self.value = self.smooth = self._initial
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..462c3ba5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,254 @@
+import collections.abc
+import contextlib
+import inspect
+import itertools
+import re
+
+from ._utils import (
+    IDENTITY,
+    NO_DEFAULT,
+    LazyList,
+    int_or_none,
+    is_iterable_like,
+    try_call,
+    variadic,
+)
+
+
+def traverse_obj(
+        obj, *paths, default=NO_DEFAULT, expected_type=None, get_all=True,
+        casesense=True, is_user_input=False, traverse_string=False):
+    """
+    Safely traverse nested `dict`s and `Iterable`s
+
+    >>> obj = [{}, {"key": "value"}]
+    >>> traverse_obj(obj, (1, "key"))
+    "value"
+
+    Each of the provided `paths` is tested and the first producing a valid result will be returned.
+    The next path will also be tested if the path branched but no results could be found.
+    Supported values for traversal are `Mapping`, `Iterable` and `re.Match`.
+    Unhelpful values (`{}`, `None`) are treated as the absence of a value and discarded.
+
+    The paths will be wrapped in `variadic`, so that `'key'` is conveniently the same as `('key', )`.
+
+    The keys in the path can be one of:
+        - `None`:           Return the current object.
+        - `set`:            Requires the only item in the set to be a type or function,
+                            like `{type}`/`{func}`. If a `type`, returns only values
+                            of this type. If a function, returns `func(obj)`.
+        - `str`/`int`:      Return `obj[key]`. For `re.Match`, return `obj.group(key)`.
+        - `slice`:          Branch out and return all values in `obj[key]`.
+        - `Ellipsis`:       Branch out and return a list of all values.
+        - `tuple`/`list`:   Branch out and return a list of all matching values.
+                            Read as: `[traverse_obj(obj, branch) for branch in branches]`.
+        - `function`:       Branch out and return values filtered by the function.
+                            Read as: `[value for key, value in obj if function(key, value)]`.
+                            For `Iterable`s, `key` is the index of the value.
+                            For `re.Match`es, `key` is the group number (0 = full match)
+                            as well as additionally any group names, if given.
+        - `dict`            Transform the current object and return a matching dict.
+                            Read as: `{key: traverse_obj(obj, path) for key, path in dct.items()}`.
+
+        `tuple`, `list`, and `dict` all support nested paths and branches.
+
+    @params paths           Paths which to traverse by.
+    @param default          Value to return if the paths do not match.
+                            If the last key in the path is a `dict`, it will apply to each value inside
+                            the dict instead, depth first. Try to avoid if using nested `dict` keys.
+    @param expected_type    If a `type`, only accept final values of this type.
+                            If any other callable, try to call the function on each result.
+                            If the last key in the path is a `dict`, it will apply to each value inside
+                            the dict instead, recursively. This does respect branching paths.
+    @param get_all          If `False`, return the first matching result, otherwise all matching ones.
+    @param casesense        If `False`, consider string dictionary keys as case insensitive.
+
+    The following are only meant to be used by YoutubeDL.prepare_outtmpl and are not part of the API
+
+    @param is_user_input    Whether the keys are generated from user input.
+                            If `True` strings get converted to `int`/`slice` if needed.
+    @param traverse_string  Whether to traverse into objects as strings.
+                            If `True`, any non-compatible object will first be
+                            converted into a string and then traversed into.
+                            The return value of that path will be a string instead,
+                            not respecting any further branching.
+
+
+    @returns                The result of the object traversal.
+                            If successful, `get_all=True`, and the path branches at least once,
+                            then a list of results is returned instead.
+                            If no `default` is given and the last path branches, a `list` of results
+                            is always returned. If a path ends on a `dict` that result will always be a `dict`.
+    """
+    casefold = lambda k: k.casefold() if isinstance(k, str) else k
+
+    if isinstance(expected_type, type):
+        type_test = lambda val: val if isinstance(val, expected_type) else None
+    else:
+        type_test = lambda val: try_call(expected_type or IDENTITY, args=(val,))
+
+    def apply_key(key, obj, is_last):
+        branching = False
+        result = None
+
+        if obj is None and traverse_string:
+            if key is ... or callable(key) or isinstance(key, slice):
+                branching = True
+                result = ()
+
+        elif key is None:
+            result = obj
+
+        elif isinstance(key, set):
+            assert len(key) == 1, 'Set should only be used to wrap a single item'
+            item = next(iter(key))
+            if isinstance(item, type):
+                if isinstance(obj, item):
+                    result = obj
+            else:
+                result = try_call(item, args=(obj,))
+
+        elif isinstance(key, (list, tuple)):
+            branching = True
+            result = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+                apply_path(obj, branch, is_last)[0] for branch in key)
+
+        elif key is ...:
+            branching = True
+            if isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
+                result = obj.values()
+            elif is_iterable_like(obj):
+                result = obj
+            elif isinstance(obj, re.Match):
+                result = obj.groups()
+            elif traverse_string:
+                branching = False
+                result = str(obj)
+            else:
+                result = ()
+
+        elif callable(key):
+            branching = True
+            if isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
+                iter_obj = obj.items()
+            elif is_iterable_like(obj):
+                iter_obj = enumerate(obj)
+            elif isinstance(obj, re.Match):
+                iter_obj = itertools.chain(
+                    enumerate((obj.group(), *obj.groups())),
+                    obj.groupdict().items())
+            elif traverse_string:
+                branching = False
+                iter_obj = enumerate(str(obj))
+            else:
+                iter_obj = ()
+
+            result = (v for k, v in iter_obj if try_call(key, args=(k, v)))
+            if not branching:  # string traversal
+                result = ''.join(result)
+
+        elif isinstance(key, dict):
+            iter_obj = ((k, _traverse_obj(obj, v, False, is_last)) for k, v in key.items())
+            result = {
+                k: v if v is not None else default for k, v in iter_obj
+                if v is not None or default is not NO_DEFAULT
+            } or None
+
+        elif isinstance(obj, collections.abc.Mapping):
+            result = (try_call(obj.get, args=(key,)) if casesense or try_call(obj.__contains__, args=(key,)) else
+                      next((v for k, v in obj.items() if casefold(k) == key), None))
+
+        elif isinstance(obj, re.Match):
+            if isinstance(key, int) or casesense:
+                with contextlib.suppress(IndexError):
+                    result = obj.group(key)
+
+            elif isinstance(key, str):
+                result = next((v for k, v in obj.groupdict().items() if casefold(k) == key), None)
+
+        elif isinstance(key, (int, slice)):
+            if is_iterable_like(obj, collections.abc.Sequence):
+                branching = isinstance(key, slice)
+                with contextlib.suppress(IndexError):
+                    result = obj[key]
+            elif traverse_string:
+                with contextlib.suppress(IndexError):
+                    result = str(obj)[key]
+
+        return branching, result if branching else (result,)
+
+    def lazy_last(iterable):
+        iterator = iter(iterable)
+        prev = next(iterator, NO_DEFAULT)
+        if prev is NO_DEFAULT:
+            return
+
+        for item in iterator:
+            yield False, prev
+            prev = item
+
+        yield True, prev
+
+    def apply_path(start_obj, path, test_type):
+        objs = (start_obj,)
+        has_branched = False
+
+        key = None
+        for last, key in lazy_last(variadic(path, (str, bytes, dict, set))):
+            if is_user_input and isinstance(key, str):
+                if key == ':':
+                    key = ...
+                elif ':' in key:
+                    key = slice(*map(int_or_none, key.split(':')))
+                elif int_or_none(key) is not None:
+                    key = int(key)
+
+            if not casesense and isinstance(key, str):
+                key = key.casefold()
+
+            if __debug__ and callable(key):
+                # Verify function signature
+                inspect.signature(key).bind(None, None)
+
+            new_objs = []
+            for obj in objs:
+                branching, results = apply_key(key, obj, last)
+                has_branched |= branching
+                new_objs.append(results)
+
+            objs = itertools.chain.from_iterable(new_objs)
+
+        if test_type and not isinstance(key, (dict, list, tuple)):
+            objs = map(type_test, objs)
+
+        return objs, has_branched, isinstance(key, dict)
+
+    def _traverse_obj(obj, path, allow_empty, test_type):
+        results, has_branched, is_dict = apply_path(obj, path, test_type)
+        results = LazyList(item for item in results if item not in (None, {}))
+        if get_all and has_branched:
+            if results:
+                return results.exhaust()
+            if allow_empty:
+                return [] if default is NO_DEFAULT else default
+            return None
+
+        return results[0] if results else {} if allow_empty and is_dict else None
+
+    for index, path in enumerate(paths, 1):
+        result = _traverse_obj(obj, path, index == len(paths), True)
+        if result is not None:
+            return result
+
+    return None if default is NO_DEFAULT else default
+
+
+def get_first(obj, *paths, **kwargs):
+    return traverse_obj(obj, *((..., *variadic(keys)) for keys in paths), **kwargs, get_all=False)
+
+
+def dict_get(d, key_or_keys, default=None, skip_false_values=True):
+    for val in map(d.get, variadic(key_or_keys)):
+        if val is not None and (val or not skip_false_values):
+            return val
+    return default
diff --git a/yt_dlp/version.py b/yt_dlp/version.py
index 04bece038..a4b4d4101 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/version.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/version.py
@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 # Autogenerated by devscripts/update-version.py
 
-__version__ = '2023.03.04'
+__version__ = '2023.10.13'
 
-RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = '392389b7df7b818f794b231f14dc396d4875fbad'
+RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = 'b634ba742d8f38ce9ecfa0546485728b0c6c59d1'
 
 VARIANT = None
 
 UPDATE_HINT = None
 
 CHANNEL = 'stable'
+
+ORIGIN = 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp'
+
+_pkg_version = '2023.10.13'