diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
index 3b0ef323d..c8d3de06b 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@ name: Broken site support
 description: Report issue with yt-dlp on a supported site
 labels: [triage, site-bug]
 body:
-  - type: checkboxes
+  - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      label: DO NOT REMOVE OR SKIP THE ISSUE TEMPLATE
-      description: Fill all fields even if you think it is irrelevant for the issue
-      options:
-        - label: I understand that I will be **blocked** if I *intentionally* remove or skip any mandatory\* field
-          required: true
+      value: |
+        > [!IMPORTANT]
+        > Not providing the required (*) information or removing the template will result in your issue being closed and ignored.
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checklist
     attributes:
@@ -24,9 +22,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all URLs and arguments with special characters are [properly quoted or escaped](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#video-url-contains-an-ampersand--and-im-getting-some-strange-output-1-2839-or-v-is-not-recognized-as-an-internal-or-external-command)
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766), [the FAQ](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ), and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20-label%3Aspam%20%20) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
         - label: I've read about [sharing account credentials](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#are-you-willing-to-share-account-details-if-needed) and I'm willing to share it if required
   - type: input
@@ -47,6 +43,8 @@ body:
     id: verbose
     attributes:
       label: Provide verbose output that clearly demonstrates the problem
+      description: |
+        This is mandatory unless absolutely impossible to provide. If you are unable to provide the output, please explain why.
       options:
         - label: Run **your** yt-dlp command with **-vU** flag added (`yt-dlp -vU <your command line>`)
           required: true
@@ -63,25 +61,18 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        > [!CAUTION]
-        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
-        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
-        >
-        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
index c8702c356..a9564c0c2 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@ name: Site support request
 description: Request support for a new site
 labels: [triage, site-request]
 body:
-  - type: checkboxes
+  - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      label: DO NOT REMOVE OR SKIP THE ISSUE TEMPLATE
-      description: Fill all fields even if you think it is irrelevant for the issue
-      options:
-        - label: I understand that I will be **blocked** if I *intentionally* remove or skip any mandatory\* field
-          required: true
+      value: |
+        > [!IMPORTANT]
+        > Not providing the required (*) information or removing the template will result in your issue being closed and ignored.
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checklist
     attributes:
@@ -24,9 +22,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that none of provided URLs [violate any copyrights](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#is-the-website-primarily-used-for-piracy) or contain any [DRM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management) to the best of my knowledge
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20-label%3Aspam%20%20) for similar requests **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
         - label: I've read about [sharing account credentials](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#are-you-willing-to-share-account-details-if-needed) and am willing to share it if required
   - type: input
@@ -59,6 +55,8 @@ body:
     id: verbose
     attributes:
       label: Provide verbose output that clearly demonstrates the problem
+      description: |
+        This is mandatory unless absolutely impossible to provide. If you are unable to provide the output, please explain why.
       options:
         - label: Run **your** yt-dlp command with **-vU** flag added (`yt-dlp -vU <your command line>`)
           required: true
@@ -75,25 +73,18 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        > [!CAUTION]
-        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
-        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
-        >
-        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
index 5a6d2b0fb..6e2380fae 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 name: Site feature request
-description: Request a new functionality for a supported site
+description: Request new functionality for a site supported by yt-dlp
 labels: [triage, site-enhancement]
 body:
-  - type: checkboxes
+  - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      label: DO NOT REMOVE OR SKIP THE ISSUE TEMPLATE
-      description: Fill all fields even if you think it is irrelevant for the issue
-      options:
-        - label: I understand that I will be **blocked** if I *intentionally* remove or skip any mandatory\* field
-          required: true
+      value: |
+        > [!IMPORTANT]
+        > Not providing the required (*) information or removing the template will result in your issue being closed and ignored.
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checklist
     attributes:
@@ -22,9 +20,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20-label%3Aspam%20%20) for similar requests **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
         - label: I've read about [sharing account credentials](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#are-you-willing-to-share-account-details-if-needed) and I'm willing to share it if required
   - type: input
@@ -55,6 +51,8 @@ body:
     id: verbose
     attributes:
       label: Provide verbose output that clearly demonstrates the problem
+      description: |
+        This is mandatory unless absolutely impossible to provide. If you are unable to provide the output, please explain why.
       options:
         - label: Run **your** yt-dlp command with **-vU** flag added (`yt-dlp -vU <your command line>`)
           required: true
@@ -71,25 +69,18 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        > [!CAUTION]
-        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
-        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
-        >
-        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
index a17770f61..6fc523be0 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
@@ -2,13 +2,11 @@ name: Core bug report
 description: Report a bug unrelated to any particular site or extractor
 labels: [triage, bug]
 body:
-  - type: checkboxes
+  - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      label: DO NOT REMOVE OR SKIP THE ISSUE TEMPLATE
-      description: Fill all fields even if you think it is irrelevant for the issue
-      options:
-        - label: I understand that I will be **blocked** if I *intentionally* remove or skip any mandatory\* field
-          required: true
+      value: |
+        > [!IMPORTANT]
+        > Not providing the required (*) information or removing the template will result in your issue being closed and ignored.
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checklist
     attributes:
@@ -20,13 +18,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
-        - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
-          required: true
-        - label: I've checked that all URLs and arguments with special characters are [properly quoted or escaped](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#video-url-contains-an-ampersand--and-im-getting-some-strange-output-1-2839-or-v-is-not-recognized-as-an-internal-or-external-command)
-          required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766), [the FAQ](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ), and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20-label%3Aspam%20%20) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
   - type: textarea
     id: description
@@ -40,6 +32,8 @@ body:
     id: verbose
     attributes:
       label: Provide verbose output that clearly demonstrates the problem
+      description: |
+        This is mandatory unless absolutely impossible to provide. If you are unable to provide the output, please explain why.
       options:
         - label: Run **your** yt-dlp command with **-vU** flag added (`yt-dlp -vU <your command line>`)
           required: true
@@ -56,25 +50,18 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        > [!CAUTION]
-        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
-        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
-        >
-        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
index c600a9dcb..57a33bb71 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 name: Feature request
-description: Request a new functionality unrelated to any particular site or extractor
+description: Request a new feature unrelated to any particular site or extractor
 labels: [triage, enhancement]
 body:
-  - type: checkboxes
+  - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      label: DO NOT REMOVE OR SKIP THE ISSUE TEMPLATE
-      description: Fill all fields even if you think it is irrelevant for the issue
-      options:
-        - label: I understand that I will be **blocked** if I *intentionally* remove or skip any mandatory\* field
-          required: true
+      value: |
+        > [!IMPORTANT]
+        > Not providing the required (*) information or removing the template will result in your issue being closed and ignored.
   - type: checkboxes
     id: checklist
     attributes:
@@ -22,9 +20,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20-label%3Aspam%20%20) for similar requests **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
   - type: textarea
     id: description
@@ -38,6 +34,8 @@ body:
     id: verbose
     attributes:
       label: Provide verbose output that clearly demonstrates the problem
+      description: |
+        This is mandatory unless absolutely impossible to provide. If you are unable to provide the output, please explain why.
       options:
         - label: Run **your** yt-dlp command with **-vU** flag added (`yt-dlp -vU <your command line>`)
         - label: "If using API, add `'verbose': True` to `YoutubeDL` params instead"
@@ -52,23 +50,16 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        > [!CAUTION]
-        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
-        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
-        >
-        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
index 57bc9daf5..28ec7cbe0 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 name: Ask question
-description: Ask yt-dlp related question
+description: Ask a question about using yt-dlp
 labels: [question]
 body:
-  - type: checkboxes
+  - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      label: DO NOT REMOVE OR SKIP THE ISSUE TEMPLATE
-      description: Fill all fields even if you think it is irrelevant for the issue
-      options:
-        - label: I understand that I will be **blocked** if I *intentionally* remove or skip any mandatory\* field
-          required: true
+      value: |
+        > [!IMPORTANT]
+        > Not providing the required (*) information or removing the template will result in your issue being closed and ignored.
   - type: markdown
     attributes:
       value: |
@@ -28,9 +26,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar questions **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766), [the FAQ](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ), and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%3Aissue%20-label%3Aspam%20%20) for similar questions **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
   - type: textarea
     id: question
@@ -44,6 +40,8 @@ body:
     id: verbose
     attributes:
       label: Provide verbose output that clearly demonstrates the problem
+      description: |
+        This is mandatory unless absolutely impossible to provide. If you are unable to provide the output, please explain why.
       options:
         - label: Run **your** yt-dlp command with **-vU** flag added (`yt-dlp -vU <your command line>`)
         - label: "If using API, add `'verbose': True` to `YoutubeDL` params instead"
@@ -58,23 +56,16 @@ body:
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        > [!CAUTION]
-        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
-        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
-        >
-        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
index 9cdffa4b1..0131631bb 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml
@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
 blank_issues_enabled: false
 contact_links:
-  - name: Get help from the community on Discord
+  - name: Get help on Discord
     url: https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r
-    about: Join the yt-dlp Discord for community-powered support!
-  - name: Matrix Bridge to the Discord server
-    url: https://matrix.to/#/#yt-dlp:matrix.org
-    about: For those who do not want to use Discord
+    about: Join the yt-dlp Discord server for support and discussion
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml
index bff28ae4e..f1a2d3090 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/1_broken_site.yml
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all URLs and arguments with special characters are [properly quoted or escaped](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#video-url-contains-an-ampersand--and-im-getting-some-strange-output-1-2839-or-v-is-not-recognized-as-an-internal-or-external-command)
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766), [the FAQ](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ), and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%%3Aissue%%20-label%%3Aspam%%20%%20) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
         - label: I've read about [sharing account credentials](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#are-you-willing-to-share-account-details-if-needed) and I'm willing to share it if required
   - type: input
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/2_site_support_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/2_site_support_request.yml
index 2bffe738d..31b89b683 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/2_site_support_request.yml
@@ -18,9 +18,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that none of provided URLs [violate any copyrights](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#is-the-website-primarily-used-for-piracy) or contain any [DRM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management) to the best of my knowledge
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%%3Aissue%%20-label%%3Aspam%%20%%20) for similar requests **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
         - label: I've read about [sharing account credentials](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#are-you-willing-to-share-account-details-if-needed) and am willing to share it if required
   - type: input
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml
index 6c3127983..421766a75 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/3_site_feature_request.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: Site feature request
-description: Request a new functionality for a supported site
+description: Request new functionality for a site supported by yt-dlp
 labels: [triage, site-enhancement]
 body:
   %(no_skip)s
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%%3Aissue%%20-label%%3Aspam%%20%%20) for similar requests **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
         - label: I've read about [sharing account credentials](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#are-you-willing-to-share-account-details-if-needed) and I'm willing to share it if required
   - type: input
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml
index 5f357d96e..31a19b292 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/4_bug_report.yml
@@ -14,13 +14,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
-        - label: I've checked that all provided URLs are playable in a browser with the same IP and same login details
-          required: true
-        - label: I've checked that all URLs and arguments with special characters are [properly quoted or escaped](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#video-url-contains-an-ampersand--and-im-getting-some-strange-output-1-2839-or-v-is-not-recognized-as-an-internal-or-external-command)
-          required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766), [the FAQ](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ), and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%%3Aissue%%20-label%%3Aspam%%20%%20) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
   - type: textarea
     id: description
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml
index 99107ff58..b8ab6610b 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/5_feature_request.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: Feature request
-description: Request a new functionality unrelated to any particular site or extractor
+description: Request a new feature unrelated to any particular site or extractor
 labels: [triage, enhancement]
 body:
   %(no_skip)s
@@ -16,9 +16,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar issues **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%%3Aissue%%20-label%%3Aspam%%20%%20) for similar requests **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
   - type: textarea
     id: description
diff --git a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml
index bd742109a..062e96321 100644
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE_tmpl/6_question.yml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name: Ask question
-description: Ask yt-dlp related question
+description: Ask a question about using yt-dlp
 labels: [question]
 body:
   %(no_skip)s
@@ -22,9 +22,7 @@ body:
           required: true
         - label: I've verified that I have **updated yt-dlp to nightly or master** ([update instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#update-channels))
           required: true
-        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766) and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=) for similar questions **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
-          required: true
-        - label: I've read the [guidelines for opening an issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#opening-an-issue)
+        - label: I've searched [known issues](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3766), [the FAQ](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ), and the [bugtracker](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues?q=is%%3Aissue%%20-label%%3Aspam%%20%%20) for similar questions **including closed ones**. DO NOT post duplicates
           required: true
   - type: textarea
     id: question
diff --git a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
index 4deee572f..4dcfcc48c 100644
--- a/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
+++ b/.github/PULL_REQUEST_TEMPLATE.md
@@ -1,14 +1,17 @@
-**IMPORTANT**: PRs without the template will be CLOSED
+<!--
+    **IMPORTANT**: PRs without the template will be CLOSED
+    
+    Due to the high volume of pull requests, it may be a while before your PR is reviewed.
+    Please try to keep your pull request focused on a single bugfix or new feature.
+    Pull requests with a vast scope and/or very large diff will take much longer to review.
+    It is recommended for new contributors to stick to smaller pull requests, so you can receive much more immediate feedback as you familiarize yourself with the codebase.
+
+    PLEASE AVOID FORCE-PUSHING after opening a PR, as it makes reviewing more difficult.
+-->
 
 ### Description of your *pull request* and other information
 
-<!--
-
-Explanation of your *pull request* in arbitrary form goes here. Please **make sure the description explains the purpose and effect** of your *pull request* and is worded well enough to be understood. Provide as much **context and examples** as possible
-
--->
-
-ADD DESCRIPTION HERE
+ADD DETAILED DESCRIPTION HERE
 
 Fixes #
 
@@ -16,24 +19,22 @@ ### Description of your *pull request* and other information
 <details open><summary>Template</summary> <!-- OPEN is intentional -->
 
 <!--
+    # PLEASE FOLLOW THE GUIDE BELOW
 
-# PLEASE FOLLOW THE GUIDE BELOW
-
-- You will be asked some questions, please read them **carefully** and answer honestly
-- Put an `x` into all the boxes `[ ]` relevant to your *pull request* (like [x])
-- Use *Preview* tab to see how your *pull request* will actually look like
-
+    - You will be asked some questions, please read them **carefully** and answer honestly
+    - Put an `x` into all the boxes `[ ]` relevant to your *pull request* (like [x])
+    - Use *Preview* tab to see what your *pull request* will actually look like
 -->
 
 ### Before submitting a *pull request* make sure you have:
 - [ ] At least skimmed through [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#developer-instructions) including [yt-dlp coding conventions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#yt-dlp-coding-conventions)
 - [ ] [Searched](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/search?q=is%3Apr&type=Issues) the bugtracker for similar pull requests
 
-### In order to be accepted and merged into yt-dlp each piece of code must be in public domain or released under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/). Check all of the following options that apply:
-- [ ] I am the original author of this code and I am willing to release it under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/)
-- [ ] I am not the original author of this code but it is in public domain or released under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/) (provide reliable evidence)
+### In order to be accepted and merged into yt-dlp each piece of code must be in public domain or released under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/). Check those that apply and remove the others:
+- [ ] I am the original author of the code in this PR, and I am willing to release it under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/)
+- [ ] I am not the original author of the code in this PR, but it is in the public domain or released under [Unlicense](http://unlicense.org/) (provide reliable evidence)
 
-### What is the purpose of your *pull request*?
+### What is the purpose of your *pull request*? Check those that apply and remove the others:
 - [ ] Fix or improvement to an extractor (Make sure to add/update tests)
 - [ ] New extractor ([Piracy websites will not be accepted](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#is-the-website-primarily-used-for-piracy))
 - [ ] Core bug fix/improvement
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
index 4ff1cbc1d..a211ae165 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ on:
         default: true
         type: boolean
       windows:
-        description: yt-dlp.exe, yt-dlp_min.exe, yt-dlp_win.zip
+        description: yt-dlp.exe, yt-dlp_win.zip
         default: true
         type: boolean
       windows32:
@@ -199,22 +199,24 @@ jobs:
             GITHUB_WORKFLOW: build
           githubToken: ${{ github.token }} # To cache image
           arch: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
-          distro: ubuntu18.04 # Standalone executable should be built on minimum supported OS
+          distro: ubuntu20.04 # Standalone executable should be built on minimum supported OS
           dockerRunArgs: --volume "${PWD}/repo:/repo"
           install: | # Installing Python 3.10 from the Deadsnakes repo raises errors
             apt update
-            apt -y install zlib1g-dev libffi-dev python3.8 python3.8-dev python3.8-distutils python3-pip
-            python3.8 -m pip install -U pip setuptools wheel
-            # Cannot access any files from the repo directory at this stage
-            python3.8 -m pip install -U Pyinstaller mutagen pycryptodomex websockets brotli certifi secretstorage cffi
+            apt -y install zlib1g-dev libffi-dev python3.9 python3.9-dev python3.9-distutils python3-pip \
+              python3-secretstorage  # Cannot build cryptography wheel in virtual armv7 environment
+            python3.9 -m pip install -U pip wheel 'setuptools>=71.0.2'
+            # XXX: Keep this in sync with pyproject.toml (it can't be accessed at this stage) and exclude secretstorage
+            python3.9 -m pip install -U Pyinstaller mutagen pycryptodomex brotli certifi cffi \
+              'requests>=2.32.2,<3' 'urllib3>=1.26.17,<3' 'websockets>=13.0'
 
           run: |
             cd repo
-            python3.8 devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
-            python3.8 devscripts/install_deps.py --include pyinstaller --include secretstorage  # Cached version may be out of date
-            python3.8 devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
-            python3.8 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
-            python3.8 -m bundle.pyinstaller
+            python3.9 devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
+            python3.9 devscripts/install_deps.py --include pyinstaller  # Cached versions may be out of date
+            python3.9 devscripts/update-version.py -c "${{ inputs.channel }}" -r "${{ needs.process.outputs.origin }}" "${{ inputs.version }}"
+            python3.9 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+            python3.9 -m bundle.pyinstaller
 
             if ${{ vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION && 'true' || 'false' }}; then
               arch="${{ (matrix.architecture == 'armv7' && 'armv7l') || matrix.architecture }}"
@@ -240,7 +242,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
       contents: read
       actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-13
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ jobs:
   macos_legacy:
     needs: process
     if: inputs.macos_legacy
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-13
 
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -403,13 +405,13 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
-        with: # 3.8 is used for Win7 support
-          python-version: "3.8"
+        with:
+          python-version: "3.10"
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: | # Custom pyinstaller built with https://github.com/yt-dlp/pyinstaller-builds
           python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
           python devscripts/install_deps.py --include curl-cffi
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.7.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
@@ -419,22 +421,12 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           python -m bundle.pyinstaller
           python -m bundle.pyinstaller --onedir
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp.exe ./dist/yt-dlp_real.exe
           Compress-Archive -Path ./dist/yt-dlp/* -DestinationPath ./dist/yt-dlp_win.zip
 
-      - name: Install Requirements (py2exe)
-        run: |
-          python devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe
-      - name: Build (py2exe)
-        run: |
-          python -m bundle.py2exe
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp.exe ./dist/yt-dlp_min.exe
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp_real.exe ./dist/yt-dlp.exe
-
       - name: Verify --update-to
         if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
         run: |
-          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp","yt-dlp_min")) {
+          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp")) {
             Copy-Item "./dist/${name}.exe" "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe"
             $version = & "./dist/${name}.exe" --version
             & "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe" -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
@@ -450,7 +442,6 @@ jobs:
           name: build-bin-${{ github.job }}
           path: |
             dist/yt-dlp.exe
-            dist/yt-dlp_min.exe
             dist/yt-dlp_win.zip
           compression-level: 0
 
@@ -463,13 +454,13 @@ jobs:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: "3.8"
+          python-version: "3.10"
           architecture: "x86"
       - name: Install Requirements
         run: |
           python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
           python devscripts/install_deps.py
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.7.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.11.1-py3-none-any.whl"
 
       - name: Prepare
         run: |
@@ -513,7 +504,8 @@ jobs:
       - windows32
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
         with:
           path: artifact
           pattern: build-bin-*
@@ -537,13 +529,29 @@ jobs:
           lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
           lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lock 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+          lock 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lock 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lock 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 py2exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
           lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.045052 py2exe .+
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+          lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
           EOF
 
       - name: Sign checksum files
diff --git a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
index 170a6ac19..910c409ef 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/codeql.yml
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
     # Autobuild attempts to build any compiled languages (C/C++, C#, Go, Java, or Swift).
     # If this step fails, then you should remove it and run the build manually (see below)
     - name: Autobuild
-      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/autobuild@v3
 
     # ℹ️ Command-line programs to run using the OS shell.
     # 📚 See https://docs.github.com/en/actions/using-workflows/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idstepsrun
@@ -60,6 +60,6 @@ jobs:
     #     ./location_of_script_within_repo/buildscript.sh
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3
       with:
         category: "/language:${{matrix.language}}"
diff --git a/.github/workflows/core.yml b/.github/workflows/core.yml
index 21a64efa9..9a4342a58 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/core.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/core.yml
@@ -36,16 +36,20 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        # CPython 3.8 is in quick-test
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
+        # CPython 3.9 is in quick-test
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', pypy-3.10]
         include:
         # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
         - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.9'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python-version: '3.10'
         - os: windows-latest
           python-version: '3.12'
         - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: pypy-3.9
+          python-version: '3.13'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python-version: pypy-3.10
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -59,4 +63,4 @@ jobs:
       continue-on-error: False
       run: |
         python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true  # Print debug head
-        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py core
+        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py --pytest-args '--reruns 2 --reruns-delay 3.0' core
diff --git a/.github/workflows/download.yml b/.github/workflows/download.yml
index 7256804d9..6849fba9b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/download.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/download.yml
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', pypy-3.10]
         include:
         # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
         - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.9'
         - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: pypy-3.9
+          python-version: pypy-3.10
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
index fe2a7e923..1a32bbfe3 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
@@ -10,17 +10,17 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+    - name: Set up Python 3.9
       uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
-        python-version: '3.8'
+        python-version: '3.9'
     - name: Install test requirements
-      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include test
+      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include test
     - name: Run tests
       timeout-minutes: 15
       run: |
         python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true
-        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py core
+        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py --pytest-args '--reruns 2 --reruns-delay 3.0' core
   check:
     name: Code check
     if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci skip all')"
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
       with:
-        python-version: '3.8'
+        python-version: '3.9'
     - name: Install dev dependencies
       run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include static-analysis
     - name: Make lazy extractors
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
index c49319b17..78445e417 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
@@ -28,3 +28,20 @@ jobs:
       actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
       id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
     secrets: inherit
+
+  publish_pypi:
+    needs: [release]
+    if: vars.MASTER_PYPI_PROJECT != ''
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    steps:
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: dist
+          name: build-pypi
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          verbose: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
index b536c5066..8f7284405 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -41,3 +41,20 @@ jobs:
       actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
       id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
     secrets: inherit
+
+  publish_pypi:
+    needs: [release]
+    if: vars.NIGHTLY_PYPI_PROJECT != ''
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
+    steps:
+      - name: Download artifacts
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: dist
+          name: build-pypi
+      - name: Publish to PyPI
+        uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+        with:
+          verbose: true
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
index fa5ad7e51..26b93e429 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -2,10 +2,6 @@ name: Release
 on:
   workflow_call:
     inputs:
-      prerelease:
-        required: false
-        default: true
-        type: boolean
       source:
         required: false
         default: ''
@@ -18,6 +14,10 @@ on:
         required: false
         default: ''
         type: string
+      prerelease:
+        required: false
+        default: true
+        type: boolean
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       source:
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
           git config --global user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
           git add -u
           git commit -m "Release ${{ env.version }}" \
-            -m "Created by: ${{ github.event.sender.login }}" -m ":ci skip all :ci run dl"
+            -m "Created by: ${{ github.event.sender.login }}" -m ":ci skip all"
           git push origin --force ${{ github.event.ref }}:release
 
       - name: Get target commitish
@@ -278,7 +278,17 @@ jobs:
           make clean-cache
           python -m build --no-isolation .
 
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: build-pypi
+          path: |
+            dist/*
+          compression-level: 0
+
       - name: Publish to PyPI
+        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
         with:
           verbose: true
@@ -325,7 +335,7 @@ jobs:
               "(https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds/releases/latest \"Master builds\")"' || '' }} > ./RELEASE_NOTES
           printf '\n\n' >> ./RELEASE_NOTES
           cat >> ./RELEASE_NOTES << EOF
-          #### A description of the various files are in the [README](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#release-files)
+          #### A description of the various files is in the [README](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#release-files)
           ---
           $(python ./devscripts/make_changelog.py -vv --collapsible)
           EOF
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index fdd904f7f..8fcd0de64 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ updates_key.pem
 *.class
 *.isorted
 *.stackdump
+uv.lock
 
 # Generated
 AUTHORS
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTING.md b/CONTRIBUTING.md
index dbae6476f..fd7b0f121 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -37,14 +37,18 @@ # OPENING AN ISSUE
 **Please include the full output of yt-dlp when run with `-vU`**, i.e. **add** `-vU` flag to **your command line**, copy the **whole** output and post it in the issue body wrapped in \`\`\` for better formatting. It should look similar to this:
 ```
 $ yt-dlp -vU <your command line>
-[debug] Command-line config: ['-v', 'demo.com']
-[debug] Encodings: locale UTF-8, fs utf-8, out utf-8, pref UTF-8
-[debug] yt-dlp version 2021.09.25 (zip)
-[debug] Python version 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Linux-5.4.0-74-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.29
-[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 4.2.4, ffprobe 4.2.4
+[debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.example.com/']
+[debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
+[debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+[debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+[debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+[debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
 [debug] Proxy map: {}
-Current Build Hash 25cc412d1d3c0725a1f2f5b7e4682f6fb40e6d15f7024e96f7afd572e9919535
-yt-dlp is up to date (2021.09.25)
+[debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+[debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+[debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
+yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
 ...
 ```
 **Do not post screenshots of verbose logs; only plain text is acceptable.**
@@ -233,7 +237,7 @@ ## Adding support for a new site
                 # * MD5 checksum; start the string with 'md5:', e.g.
                 #     'description': 'md5:098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6',
                 # * A regular expression; start the string with 're:', e.g.
-                #     'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+                #     'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
                 # * A count of elements in a list; start the string with 'count:', e.g.
                 #     'tags': 'count:10',
                 # * Any Python type, e.g.
@@ -268,7 +272,7 @@ ## Adding support for a new site
 
     You can use `hatch fmt` to automatically fix problems. Rules that the linter/formatter enforces should not be disabled with `# noqa` unless a maintainer requests it. The only exception allowed is for old/printf-style string formatting in GraphQL query templates (use `# noqa: UP031`).
 
-1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython and PyPy for Python 3.8 and above. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
+1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython >=3.9 and PyPy >=3.10. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
 1. When the tests pass, [add](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files, [commit](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:
 
     ```shell
@@ -302,10 +306,9 @@ ### Mandatory and optional metafields
 For extraction to work yt-dlp relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to yt-dlp expressed by an [information dictionary](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py#L119-L440) or simply *info dict*. Only the following meta fields in the *info dict* are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by yt-dlp:
 
  - `id` (media identifier)
- - `title` (media title)
  - `url` (media download URL) or `formats`
 
-The aforementioned metafields are the critical data that the extraction does not make any sense without and if any of them fail to be extracted then the extractor is considered completely broken. While all extractors must return a `title`, they must also allow it's extraction to be non-fatal.
+The aforementioned metadata fields are the critical data without which extraction does not make any sense. If any of them fail to be extracted, then the extractor is considered broken. All other metadata extraction should be completely non-fatal.
 
 For pornographic sites, appropriate `age_limit` must also be returned.
 
diff --git a/CONTRIBUTORS b/CONTRIBUTORS
index 489ab7da8..f22625e3f 100644
--- a/CONTRIBUTORS
+++ b/CONTRIBUTORS
@@ -657,3 +657,106 @@ luvyana
 szantnerb
 hugepower
 scribblemaniac
+Codenade
+Demon000
+Deukhoofd
+grqz
+hibes
+Khaoklong51
+kieraneglin
+lengzuo
+naglis
+ndyanx
+otovalek
+quad
+rakslice
+sahilsinghss73
+tony-hn
+xingchensong
+BallzCrasher
+coreywright
+eric321
+poyhen
+tetra-fox
+444995
+63427083
+allendema
+DarkZeros
+DTrombett
+imranh2
+KarboniteKream
+mikkovedru
+pktiuk
+rubyevadestaxes
+avagordon01
+CounterPillow
+JoseAngelB
+KBelmin
+kesor
+MellowKyler
+Wesley107772
+a13ssandr0
+ChocoLZS
+doe1080
+hugovdev
+jshumphrey
+julionc
+manavchaudhary1
+powergold1
+Sakura286
+SamDecrock
+stratus-ss
+subrat-lima
+gitninja1234
+jkruse
+xiaomac
+wesson09
+Crypto90
+MutantPiggieGolem1
+Sanceilaks
+Strkmn
+0x9fff00
+4ft35t
+7x11x13
+b5i
+cotko
+d3d9
+Dioarya
+finch71
+hexahigh
+InvalidUsernameException
+jixunmoe
+knackku
+krandor
+kvk-2015
+lonble
+msm595
+n10dollar
+NecroRomnt
+pjrobertson
+subsense
+test20140
+arantius
+entourage8
+lfavole
+mp3butcher
+slipinthedove
+YoshiTabletopGamer
+Arc8ne
+benfaerber
+chrisellsworth
+fries1234
+Kenshin9977
+MichaelDeBoey
+msikma
+pedro
+pferreir
+red-acid
+refack
+rysson
+somini
+thedenv
+vallovic
+arabcoders
+mireq
+mlabeeb03
diff --git a/Changelog.md b/Changelog.md
index 0b96ab29c..7aec62771 100644
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,618 @@ # Changelog
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->
 
+### 2025.03.31
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add `--compat-options 2024`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/22e34adbd741e1c7072015debd615dc3fb71c401) ([#12789](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12789)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **francaisfacile**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bb321cfdc3fd4400598ddb12a15862bc2ac8fc10) ([#12787](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12787)) by [mlabeeb03](https://github.com/mlabeeb03)
+- **generic**: [Validate response before checking m3u8 live status](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9a1ec1d36e172d252714cef712a6d091e0a0c4f2) ([#12784](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12784)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **microsoftlearnepisode**: [Extract more formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d63696f23a341ee36a3237ccb5d5e14b34c2c579) ([#12799](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12799)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **mlbtv**: [Fix radio-only extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f033d86b96b36f8c5289dd7c3304f42d4d9f6ff4) ([#12792](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12792)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **on24**: [Support `mainEvent` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e465b078ead75472fcb7b86f6ccaf2b5d3bc4c21) ([#12800](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12800)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **sbs**: [Fix subtitles extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/29560359120f28adaaac67c86fa8442eb72daa0d) ([#12785](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12785)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **stvr**: [Rename extractor from RTVS to STVR](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5fc521cbd0ce7b2410d0935369558838728e205d) ([#12788](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12788)) by [mireq](https://github.com/mireq)
+- **twitch**: clips: [Extract portrait formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/61046c31612b30c749cbdae934b7fe26abe659d7) ([#12763](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12763)) by [DmitryScaletta](https://github.com/DmitryScaletta)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add `player_js_variant` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/07f04005e40ebdb368920c511e36e98af0077ed3) ([#12767](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12767)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix playlist continuation extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6a6d97b2cbc78f818de05cc96edcdcfd52caa259) ([#12777](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12777)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [5e457af](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5e457af57fae9645b1b8fa0ed689229c8fb9656b) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2025.03.27
+
+#### Core changes
+- **jsinterp**: [Fix nested attributes and object extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a8b9ff3c2a0ae25735e580173becc78545b92572) ([#12760](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12760)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **youtube**: [Make signature and nsig extraction more robust](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/48be862b32648bff5b3e553e40fca4dcc6e88b28) ([#12761](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12761)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2025.03.26
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix signature and nsig extraction for player `4fcd6e4a`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a550dfc904a02843a26369ae50dbb7c0febfb30e) ([#12748](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12748)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Only cache nsig code on successful decoding](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ecee97b4fa90d51c48f9154c3a6d5a8ffe46cd5c) ([#12750](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12750)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2025.03.25
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix attribute error on failed VT init](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b872ffec50fd50f790a5a490e006a369a28a3df3) ([#12696](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12696)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **utils**: `js_to_json`: [Make function less fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9491b44032b330e05bd5eaa546187005d1e8538e) ([#12715](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12715)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Fix sorting of HLS audio formats by `GROUP-ID`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/86ab79e1a5182092321102adf6ca34195803b878) ([#12714](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12714)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **17live**: vod: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3396eb50dcd245b49c0f4aecd6e80ec914095d16) ([#12723](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12723)) by [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+- **9now.com.au**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d5e6de2e7a47226d1f72c713ad45c88ba01db68) ([#12702](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12702)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **chzzk**: video: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e2dfccaf808b406d5bcb7dd04ae9ce420752dd6f) ([#12692](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12692)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf)
+- **deezer**: [Remove extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be5af3f9e91747768c2b41157851bfbe14c663f7) ([#12704](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12704)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **generic**: [Fix MPD base URL parsing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5086d4aed6aeb3908c62f49e2d8f74cc0cb05110) ([#12718](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12718)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **streaks**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/801afeac91f97dc0b58cd39cc7e8c50f619dc4e1) ([#12679](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12679)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **tver**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/66e0bab814e4a52ef3e12d81123ad992a29df50e) ([#12659](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12659)) by [arabcoders](https://github.com/arabcoders), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **viki**: [Remove extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fe4f14b8369038e7c58f7de546d76de1ce3a91ce) ([#12703](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12703)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **vrsquare**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b7fbb5a0a16a8e8d3e29c29e26ebed677d0d6ea3) ([#12515](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12515)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix PhantomJS nsig fallback](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4054a2b623bd1e277b49d2e9abc3d112a4b1c7be) ([#12728](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12728)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix signature and nsig extraction for player `363db69b`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b9c979461b244713bf42691a5bc02834e2ba4b2c) ([#12725](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12725)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- **Request Handler**: curl_cffi: [Support `curl_cffi` 0.10.x](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9bf23902ceb948b9685ce1dab575491571720fc6) ([#12670](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12670)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [9dde546](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9dde546e7ee3e1515d88ee3af08b099351455dc0) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2025.03.21
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix external downloader availability when using `--ffmpeg-location`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9f77e04c76e36e1cbbf49bc9eb385fa6ef804b67) ([#12318](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12318)) by [Kenshin9977](https://github.com/Kenshin9977)
+- [Load plugins on demand](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4445f37a7a66b248dbd8376c43137e6e441f138e) ([#11305](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11305)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan) (With fixes in [c034d65](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c034d655487be668222ef9476a16f374584e49a7))
+- [Support emitting ConEmu progress codes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f7a1f2d8132967a62b0f6d5665c6d2dde2d42c09) ([#10649](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10649)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **azmedien**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/26a502fc727d0e91b2db6bf4a112823bcc672e85) ([#12375](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12375)) by [goggle](https://github.com/goggle)
+- **bilibiliplaylist**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f5fb2229e66cf59d5bf16065bc041b42a28354a0) ([#12690](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12690)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **bunnycdn**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a1583ca75fb523cbad0e5e174387ea7b477d175) ([#11586](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11586)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **canalsurmas**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/01a8be4c23f186329d85f9c78db34a55f3294ac5) ([#12497](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12497)) by [Arc8ne](https://github.com/Arc8ne)
+- **cda**: [Fix login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be0d819e1103195043f6743650781f0d4d343f6d) ([#12552](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12552)) by [rysson](https://github.com/rysson)
+- **cultureunplugged**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3042afb5fe342d3a00de76704cd7de611acc350e) ([#12486](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12486)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **dailymotion**: [Improve embed detection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad60137c141efa5023fbc0ac8579eaefe8b3d8cc) ([#12464](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12464)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: [Fix login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eb1417786a3027b1e7290ec37ef6aaece50ebed0) ([#12414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **globo**: [Fix subtitles extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0e1697232fcbba7551f983fd1ba93bb445cbb08b) ([#12270](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12270)) by [pedro](https://github.com/pedro)
+- **instagram**
+    - [Add `app_id` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a90641c8363fa0c10800b36eb6b01ee22d3a9409) ([#12359](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12359)) by [chrisellsworth](https://github.com/chrisellsworth)
+    - [Fix extraction of older private posts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a59abe0636dc49b22a67246afe35613571b86f05) ([#12451](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12451)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Improve error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/480125560a3b9972d29ae0da850aba8109e6bd41) ([#12410](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12410)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - story: [Support `--no-playlist`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/65c3c58c0a67463a150920203cec929045c95a24) ([#12397](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12397)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **jamendo**: [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/89a68c4857ddbaf937ff22f12648baaf6b5af840) ([#12622](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12622)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [JChris246](https://github.com/JChris246)
+- **ketnet**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bbada3ec0779422cde34f1ce3dcf595da463b493) ([#12628](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12628)) by [MichaelDeBoey](https://github.com/MichaelDeBoey)
+- **lbry**
+    - [Make m3u8 format extraction non-fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9807181cfbf87bfa732f415c30412bdbd77cbf81) ([#12463](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12463)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Raise appropriate error for non-media files](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7126b472601814b7fd8c9de02069e8fff1764891) ([#12462](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12462)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **loco**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/983095485c731240aae27c950cb8c24a50827b56) ([#12667](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12667)) by [DTrombett](https://github.com/DTrombett)
+- **magellantv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/172d5fcd778bf2605db7647ebc56b29ed18d24ac) ([#12505](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12505)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **mitele**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7223d29569a48a35ad132a508c115973866838d3) ([#12689](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12689)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **msn**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4815dac131d42c51e12c1d05232db0bbbf607329) ([#12513](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12513)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [thedenv](https://github.com/thedenv)
+- **n1**: [Fix extraction of newer articles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d70abe4de401175cbbaaa36017806f16b2df9af) ([#12514](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12514)) by [u-spec-png](https://github.com/u-spec-png)
+- **nbcstations**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ebac65aa9e0bf9a97c24d00f7977900d2577364b) ([#12534](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12534)) by [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+- **niconico**
+    - [Fix format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7508e34f203e97389f1d04db92140b13401dd724) ([#12442](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12442)) by [xpadev-net](https://github.com/xpadev-net)
+    - live: [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c2e6e1d5f77f3b720a6266f2869eb750d20e5dc1) ([#12419](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12419)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **openrec**: [Fix `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/17504f253564cfad86244de2b6346d07d2300ca5) ([#12608](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12608)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **pinterest**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bd0a66816934de70312eea1e71c59c13b401dc3a) ([#12538](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12538)) by [mikf](https://github.com/mikf)
+- **playsuisse**: [Fix login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6933f5670cea9c3e2fb16c1caa1eda54d13122c5) ([#12444](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12444)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **reddit**: [Truncate title](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d9a53cc1e6fd912daf500ca4f19e9ca88994dbf9) ([#12567](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12567)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **rtp**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8eb9c1bf3b9908cca22ef043602aa24fb9f352c6) ([#11638](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11638)) by [pferreir](https://github.com/pferreir), [red-acid](https://github.com/red-acid), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [somini](https://github.com/somini), [vallovic](https://github.com/vallovic)
+- **softwhiteunderbelly**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/652827d5a076c9483c36654ad2cf3fe46219baf4) ([#12281](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12281)) by [benfaerber](https://github.com/benfaerber)
+- **soop**: [Fix timestamp extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8305df00012ff8138a6ff95279d06b54ac607f63) ([#12609](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12609)) by [msikma](https://github.com/msikma)
+- **soundcloud**
+    - [Extract tags](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9deed13d7cce6d3647379e50589c92de89227509) ([#12420](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12420)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6deeda5c11f34f613724fa0627879f0d607ba1b4) ([#12447](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12447)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tiktok**
+    - [Improve error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/99ea2978757a431eeb2a265b3395ccbe4ce202cf) ([#12445](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12445)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Truncate title](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/83b119dadb0f267f1fb66bf7ed74c097349de79e) ([#12566](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12566)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tv8.it**: [Add live and playlist extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2ee3a0aff9be2be3bea60640d3d8a0febaf0acb6) ([#12569](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12569)) by [DTrombett](https://github.com/DTrombett)
+- **tvw**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/42b7440963866e31ff84a5b89030d1c596fa2e6e) ([#12271](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12271)) by [fries1234](https://github.com/fries1234)
+- **twitter**
+    - [Fix syndication token generation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8b47547049f5ebc3dd680fc7de70ed0ca9c0d70) ([#12537](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12537)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Truncate title](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/06f6de78db2eceeabd062ab1a3023e0ff9d4df53) ([#12560](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12560)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **vk**: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/05c8023a27dd37c49163c0498bf98e3e3c1cb4b9) ([#12510](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12510)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **vrtmax**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/df9ebeec00d658693252978d1ffb885e67aa6ab6) ([#12479](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12479)) by [bergoid](https://github.com/bergoid), [MichaelDeBoey](https://github.com/MichaelDeBoey), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **weibo**: [Support playlists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0bb39788626002a8a67e925580227952c563c8b9) ([#12284](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12284)) by [4ft35t](https://github.com/4ft35t)
+- **wsj**: [Support opinion URLs and impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7f3006eb0c0659982bb956d71b0bc806bcb0a5f2) ([#12431](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12431)) by [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix nsig and signature extraction for player `643afba4`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9b868518a15599f3d7ef5a1c730dda164c30da9b) ([#12684](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12684)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3380febe9984c21c79c3147c1d390a4cf339bc4c) ([#12603](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12603)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Split into package](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4432a9390c79253ac830702b226d2e558b636725) ([#12557](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12557)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Warn on DRM formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e67d786c7cc87bd449d22e0ddef08306891c1173) ([#12593](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12593)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Warn on missing formats due to SSAP](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/79ec2fdff75c8c1bb89b550266849ad4dec48dd3) ([#12483](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12483)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Add `keep_header_casing` extension](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7d18fed8f1983fe6de4ddc810dfb2761ba5744ac) ([#11652](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11652)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Always add unsupported suffix on version mismatch](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/95f8df2f796d0048119615200758199aedcd7cf4) ([#12626](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12626)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [f36e4b6](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f36e4b6e65cb8403791aae2f520697115cb88dec) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [gamer191](https://github.com/gamer191), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**: [Show all differences for `expect_value` and `expect_dict`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a3e0c7d3b267abdf3933b709704a28d43bb46503) ([#12334](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12334)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+### 2025.02.19
+
+#### Core changes
+- **jsinterp**
+    - [Add `js_number_to_string`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0d9f061d38c3a4da61972e2adad317079f2f1c84) ([#12110](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12110)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Improve zeroise](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4ca8c44a073d5aa3a3e3112c35b2b23d6ce25ac6) ([#12313](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12313)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **acast**: [Support shows.acast.com URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/57c717fee4bfbc9309845bbb48901b72e4b69304) ([#12223](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12223)) by [barsnick](https://github.com/barsnick)
+- **cwtv**
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/18a28514e306e822eab4f3a79c76d515bf076406) ([#12207](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12207)) by [arantius](https://github.com/arantius)
+    - movie: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/03c3d705778c07739e0034b51490877cffdc0983) ([#12227](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12227)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **digiview**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f53553087d3fde9dcd61d6e9f98caf09db1d8ef2) ([#9902](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9902)) by [lfavole](https://github.com/lfavole)
+- **dropbox**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/861aeec449c8f3c062d962945b234ff0341f61f3) ([#12228](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12228)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **francetv**
+    - site
+        - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/817483ccc68aed6049ed9c4a2ffae44ca82d2b1c) ([#12236](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12236)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+        - [Fix livestream extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1295bbedd45fa8d9bc3f7a194864ae280297848e) ([#12316](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12316)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **francetvinfo.fr**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c4c2ddfaa47988b4d50c1ad4988badc0b4f30c2) ([#12402](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12402)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5271ef48c6f61c145e03e18e960995d2e651d205) ([#12404](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12404)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf)
+- **generic**: [Extract `live_status` for DASH manifest URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/19edaa44fcd375f54e63d6227b092f5252d3e889) ([#12256](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12256)) by [mp3butcher](https://github.com/mp3butcher)
+- **globo**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f8d0161455f00add65585ca1a476a7b5d56f5f96) ([#11795](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11795)) by [slipinthedove](https://github.com/slipinthedove), [YoshiTabletopGamer](https://github.com/YoshiTabletopGamer)
+- **goplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d59f14a0a7a8b55e6bf468237def62b73ab4a517) ([#12237](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12237)) by [alard](https://github.com/alard)
+- **pbs**: [Support www.thirteen.org URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9fb8ab2ff67fb699f60cce09163a580976e90c0e) ([#11191](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11191)) by [rohieb](https://github.com/rohieb)
+- **reddit**: [Bypass gated subreddit warning](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6ca23ffaa4663cb552f937f0b1e9769b66db11bd) ([#12335](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12335)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **twitter**: [Fix syndication token generation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/14cd7f3443c6da4d49edaefcc12da9dee86e243e) ([#12107](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12107)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pjrobertson](https://github.com/pjrobertson)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Retry on more critical requests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d48e612609d012abbea3785be4d26d78a014abb2) ([#12339](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12339)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [nsig workaround for `tce` player JS](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec17fb16e8d69d4e3e10fb73bf3221be8570dfee) ([#12401](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12401)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **zdf**: [Extract more metadata](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/241ace4f104d50fdf7638f9203927aefcf57a1f7) ([#9565](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9565)) by [StefanLobbenmeier](https://github.com/StefanLobbenmeier) (With fixes in [e7882b6](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e7882b682b959e476d8454911655b3e9b14c79b2) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+
+#### Downloader changes
+- **hls**
+    - [Fix `BYTERANGE` logic](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/10b7ff68e98f17655e31952f6e17120b2d7dda96) ([#11972](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11972)) by [entourage8](https://github.com/entourage8)
+    - [Support `--write-pages` for m3u8 media playlists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be69468752ff598cacee57bb80533deab2367a5d) ([#12333](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12333)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support `hls_media_playlist_data` format field](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c987be0acb6872c6561f28aa28171e803393d851) ([#12322](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12322)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- [Improve Issue/PR templates](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/517ddf3c3f12560ab93e3d36244dc82db9f97818) ([#11499](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11499)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev) (With fixes in [4ecb833](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4ecb833472c90e078567b561fb7c089f1aa9587b) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [4985a40](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4985a4041770eaa0016271809a1fd950dc809a55) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [StefanLobbenmeier](https://github.com/StefanLobbenmeier)
+- **docs**: [Add note to `supportedsites.md`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/01a63629a21781458dcbd38779898e117678f5ff) ([#12382](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12382)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**: download: [Validate and sort info dict fields](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/208163447408c78673b08c172beafe5c310fb167) ([#12299](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12299)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+
+### 2025.01.26
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix float comparison values in format filters](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f7d071e8aa3bf67ed7e0f881e749ca9ab50b3f8f) ([#11880](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11880)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Dioarya](https://github.com/Dioarya)
+- **utils**: `sanitize_path`: [Fix some incorrect behavior](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fc12e724a3b4988cfc467d2981887dde48c26b69) ([#11923](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11923)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **1tv**: [Support sport1tv.ru domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/61ae5dc34ac775d6c122575e21ef2153b1273a2b) ([#11889](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11889)) by [kvk-2015](https://github.com/kvk-2015)
+- **abematv**: [Support season extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c709cc41cbc16edc846e0a431cfa8508396d4cb6) ([#11771](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11771)) by [middlingphys](https://github.com/middlingphys)
+- **bilibili**
+    - [Support space `/lists/` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/465167910407449354eb48e9861efd0819f53eb5) ([#11964](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11964)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+    - [Support space video list extraction without login](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/78912ed9c81f109169b828c397294a6cf8eacf41) ([#12089](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12089)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **bilibilidynamic**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9676b05715b61c8c5dd5598871e60d8807fb1a86) ([#11838](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11838)) by [finch71](https://github.com/finch71), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **bluesky**: [Prefer source format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ccda63934df7de2823f0834218c4254c7c4d2e4c) ([#12154](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12154)) by [0x9fff00](https://github.com/0x9fff00)
+- **crunchyroll**: [Remove extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ff44ed53061e065804da6275d182d7928cc03a5e) ([#12195](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12195)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **dropout**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/164368610456e2d96b279f8b120dea08f7b1d74f) ([#12102](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12102)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **eggs**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/20c765d02385a105c8ef13b6f7a737491d29c19a) ([#11904](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11904)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [subsense](https://github.com/subsense)
+- **funimation**: [Remove extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cdcf1e86726b8fa44f7e7126bbf1c18e1798d25c) ([#12167](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12167)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **goodgame**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e7cc02b14d8d323f805d14325a9c95593a170d28) ([#12173](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12173)) by [NecroRomnt](https://github.com/NecroRomnt)
+- **lbry**: [Support signed URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de30f652ffb7623500215f5906844f2ae0d92c7b) ([#12138](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12138)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **naver**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b3007c44cdac38187fc6600de76959a7079a44d1) ([#12037](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12037)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **nest**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1ef3ee7500c4ab8c26f7fdc5b0ad1da4d16eec8e) ([#11747](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11747)) by [pabs3](https://github.com/pabs3), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **niconico**: series: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bc88b904cd02314da41ce1b2fdf046d0680fe965) ([#11822](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11822)) by [test20140](https://github.com/test20140)
+- **nrk**
+    - [Extract more formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/89198bb23b4d03e0473ac408bfb50d67c2f71165) ([#12069](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12069)) by [hexahigh](https://github.com/hexahigh)
+    - [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/45732e2590a1bd0bc9608f5eb68c59341ca84f02) ([#12193](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12193)) by [hexahigh](https://github.com/hexahigh)
+- **patreon**: [Extract attachment filename as `alt_title`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e2e73b5c65593ec0a5e685663e6ec0f4aaffc1f1) ([#12000](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12000)) by [msm595](https://github.com/msm595)
+- **pbs**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/13825ab77815ee6e1603abbecbb9f3795057b93c) ([#12024](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12024)) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [krandor](https://github.com/krandor), [n10dollar](https://github.com/n10dollar)
+- **piramidetv**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/af2c821d74049b519895288aca23cee81fc4b049) ([#10777](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10777)) by [HobbyistDev](https://github.com/HobbyistDev), [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **redgifs**: [Support `/ifr/` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4850ce91d163579fa615c3c0d44c9bd64682c22b) ([#11805](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11805)) by [invertico](https://github.com/invertico)
+- **rtvslo.si**: show: [Extract more metadata](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3fc46086562857d5493cbcff687f76e4e4ed303f) ([#12136](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12136)) by [cotko](https://github.com/cotko)
+- **senategov**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/68221ecc87c6a3f3515757bac2a0f9674a38e3f2) ([#9361](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9361)) by [Grabien](https://github.com/Grabien), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **soundcloud**
+    - [Extract more metadata](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6d304133ab32bcd1eb78ff1467f1a41dd9b66c33) ([#11945](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11945)) by [7x11x13](https://github.com/7x11x13)
+    - user: [Add `/comments` page support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7bfb4f72e490310d2681c7f4815218a2ebbc73ee) ([#11999](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11999)) by [7x11x13](https://github.com/7x11x13)
+- **subsplash**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5d904b077d2f58ae44bdf208d2dcfcc3ff8347f5) ([#11054](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11054)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+- **theatercomplextownppv**: [Support `live` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/797d2472a299692e01ad1500e8c3b7bc1daa7fe4) ([#11720](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11720)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9ff330948c92f6b2e1d9c928787362ab19cd6c62) ([#12142](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12142)) by [jixunmoe](https://github.com/jixunmoe)
+- **vimp**: Playlist: [Add support for tags](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d4f5be1735c8feaeb3308666e0b878e9782f529d) ([#11688](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11688)) by [FestplattenSchnitzel](https://github.com/FestplattenSchnitzel)
+- **weibo**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a567f97b62ae9f6d6f5a9376c361512ab8dceda2) ([#12088](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12088)) by [4ft35t](https://github.com/4ft35t)
+- **xhamster**: [Various improvements](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3b99a0f0e07f0120ab416f34a8f5ab75d4fdf1d1) ([#11738](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11738)) by [knackku](https://github.com/knackku)
+- **xiaohongshu**: [Extract more formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f9f24ae376a9eaca777816479a4a29f6f0ce7681) ([#12147](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12147)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Download `tv` client Innertube config](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/326fb1ffaf4e8349f1fe8ba2a81839652e044bff) ([#12168](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12168)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Extract `media_type` for livestreams](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/421bc72103d1faed473a451299cd17d6abb433bb) ([#11605](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11605)) by [nosoop](https://github.com/nosoop)
+    - [Restore convenience workarounds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0d4b8a5d6354b294bc9631cf15a7160b7bad5de) ([#12181](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12181)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Update `ios` player client](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de82acf8769282ce321a86737ecc1d4bef0e82a7) ([#12155](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12155)) by [b5i](https://github.com/b5i)
+    - [Use different PO token for GVS and Player](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6b91d232e316efa406035915532eb126fbaeea38) ([#12090](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12090)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - tab: [Improve shorts title extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/76ac023ff02f06e8c003d104f02a03deeddebdcd) ([#11997](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11997)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [d3d9](https://github.com/d3d9)
+- **zdf**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bb69f5dab79fb32c4ec0d50e05f7fa26d05d54ba) ([#11041](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11041)) by [InvalidUsernameException](https://github.com/InvalidUsernameException)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [3b45319](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3b4531934465580be22937fecbb6e1a3a9e2334f) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [lonble](https://github.com/lonble), [pjrobertson](https://github.com/pjrobertson), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2025.01.15
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **youtube**: [Do not use `web_creator` as a default client](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8541f8b13e743fcfa06667530d13fee8686e22a) ([#12087](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12087)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2025.01.12
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix filename sanitization with `--no-windows-filenames`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8346b549150003df988538e54c9d8bc4de568979) ([#11988](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11988)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Validate retries values are non-negative](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1f4e1e85a27c5b43e34d7706cfd88ffce1b56a4a) ([#11927](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11927)) by [Strkmn](https://github.com/Strkmn)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **drtalks**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1f489f4a45691cac3f9e787d22a3a8a086229ba6) ([#10831](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10831)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **plvideo**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3c14e9191f3035b9a729d1d87bc0381f42de57cf) ([#10657](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10657)) by [Sanceilaks](https://github.com/Sanceilaks), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **vine**: [Remove extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e2ef4fece6c9742d1733e3bae408c4787765f78c) ([#11700](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11700)) by [allendema](https://github.com/allendema)
+- **xiaohongshu**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/763ed06ee69f13949397897bd42ff2ec3dc3d384) ([#11806](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11806)) by [HobbyistDev](https://github.com/HobbyistDev)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix DASH formats incorrectly skipped in some situations](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b6b7742c2e7f2a1fcb0b54ef3dd484bab404b3f) ([#11910](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11910)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Refactor cookie auth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/75079f4e3f7dce49b61ef01da7adcd9876a0ca3b) ([#11989](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11989)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Use `tv` instead of `mweb` client by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/712d2abb32f59b2d246be2901255f84f1a4c30b3) ([#12059](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12059)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [dade5e3](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dade5e35c89adaad04408bfef766820dbca06ebe) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.12.23
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Don't sanitize filename on Unix when `--no-windows-filenames`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6fc85f617a5850307fd5b258477070e6ee177796) ([#9591](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9591)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan)
+- **update**
+    - [Check 64-bitness when upgrading ARM builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b91c3925c2059970daa801cb131c0c2f4f302e72) ([#11819](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11819)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix endless update loop for `linux_exe` builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3d3ee458c1fe49dd5ebd7651a092119d23eb7000) ([#11827](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11827)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **soundcloud**: [Various fixes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d298693b1b266d198e8eeecb90ea17c4a031268f) ([#11820](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11820)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add age-gate workaround for some embeddable videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/09a6c687126f04e243fcb105a828787efddd1030) ([#11821](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11821)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix `uploader_id` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a8851b689763e5173b96f70f8a71df0e4a44b66) ([#11818](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11818)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/65cf46cddd873fd229dbb0fc0689bca4c201c6b6) ([#11893](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11893)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Skip iOS formats that require PO Token](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9f42e68a74f3f00b0253fe70763abd57cac4237b) ([#11890](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11890)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+### 2024.12.13
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **patreon**: campaign: [Support /c/ URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bc262bcad4d3683ceadf61a7eb87e233e72adef3) ([#11756](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11756)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **soundcloud**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f4d3e9e6dc25077b79849a31a2f67f93fdc01e62) ([#11777](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11777)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix `release_date` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d5e2a379f2adcb28bc48c7d9e90716d7278f89d2) ([#11759](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11759)) by [MutantPiggieGolem1](https://github.com/MutantPiggieGolem1)
+    - [Fix signature function extraction for `2f1832d2`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5460cd91891bf613a2065e2fc278d9903c37a127) ([#11801](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11801)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Prioritize original language over auto-dubbed audio](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dc3c4fddcc653989dae71fc563d82a308fc898cc) ([#11803](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11803)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - search_url: [Fix playlist searches](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f6c73aad5f1a67544bea137ebd9d1e22e0e56567) ([#11782](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11782)) by [Crypto90](https://github.com/Crypto90)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: [Make more playlist entries lazy](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/54216696261bc07cacd9a837c501d9e0b7fed09e) ([#11763](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11763)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.12.06
+
+#### Core changes
+- **cookies**: [Add `--cookies-from-browser` support for MS Store Firefox](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/354cb4026cf2191e1a130ec2a627b95cabfbc60a) ([#11731](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11731)) by [wesson09](https://github.com/wesson09)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **bilibili**: [Fix HD formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fca3eb5f8be08d5fab2e18b45b7281a12e566725) ([#11734](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11734)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **soundcloud**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2feb28028ee48f2185d2d95076e62accb09b9e2e) ([#11742](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11742)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix `n` sig extraction for player `3bb1f723`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a95ee6d8803fca9157adecf63732ab58bf87fd88) ([#11750](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11750)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [4bd2655](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4bd2655398aed450456197a6767639114a24eac2))
+    - [Fix signature function extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4c85ccd1366c88cf93982f8350f58eed17355981) ([#11751](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11751)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2e49c789d3eebc39af8910705d65a98bca0e4c4f) ([#11724](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11724)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.12.03
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add `playlist_webpage_url` field](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7d6c259a03bc4707a319e5e8c6eff0278707874b) ([#11613](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11613)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Handle fragmented formats in `_remove_duplicate_formats`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e0500cbf796323551bbabe5b8ed8c75a511ba47a) ([#11637](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11637)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **bilibili**
+    - [Always try to extract HD formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dc1687648077c5bf64863b307ecc5ab7e029bd8d) ([#10559](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10559)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/239f5f36fe04603bec59c8b975f6a792f10246db) ([#11667](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11667)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz) (With fixes in [f05a1cd](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f05a1cd1492fc98dc8d80d2081d632a1879913d2) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz))
+    - [Fix subtitles and chapters extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a13a336aa6f906812701abec8101b73b73db8ff7) ([#11708](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11708)) by [xiaomac](https://github.com/xiaomac)
+- **chaturbate**: [Fix support for non-public streams](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b5eec0aaa7c02627f27a386591b735b90e681a8) ([#11624](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11624)) by [jkruse](https://github.com/jkruse)
+- **dacast**: [Fix HLS AES formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0a0d80800b9350d1a4c4b18d82cfb77ffbc3c507) ([#11644](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11644)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **dropbox**: [Fix password-protected video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/00dcde728635633eee969ad4d498b9f233c4a94e) ([#11636](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11636)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **duoplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/62cba8a1bedbfc0ddde7267ae57b72bf5f7ea7b1) ([#11588](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11588)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [glensc](https://github.com/glensc)
+- **facebook**: [Support more groups URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e0f1ae813b36e783e2348ba2a1566e12f5cd8f6e) ([#11576](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11576)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **instagram**: [Support `share` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/360aed810ad85db950df586282d256516c98cd2d) ([#11677](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11677)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **microsoftembed**: [Make format extraction non fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2bea7936323ca4b6f3b9b1fdd892566223e30efa) ([#11654](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11654)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **mitele**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cd0f934604587ed793e9177f6a127e5dcf99a7dd) ([#11683](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11683)) by [DarkZeros](https://github.com/DarkZeros)
+- **stripchat**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/16336c51d0848a6868a4fa04e749fa03548b4913) ([#11596](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11596)) by [gitninja1234](https://github.com/gitninja1234)
+- **tiktok**: [Deprioritize animated thumbnails](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/910ecc422930bca14e2abe4986f5f92359e3cea8) ([#11645](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11645)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vk**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c038a7b187ba24360f14134842a7a2cf897c33b1) ([#11715](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11715)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Adjust player clients for site changes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0d146c1e36f467af30e87b7af651bdee67b73500) ([#11663](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11663)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix playlists tab extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fe70f20aedf528fdee332131bc9b6710e54e6f10) ([#11615](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11615)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- **Request Handler**: websockets: [Support websockets 14.0+](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c7316373c0a886f65a07a51e50ee147bb3294c85) ([#11616](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11616)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Bump ruff to 0.8.x](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d8fb3490863653182864d2a53522f350d67a9ff8) ([#11608](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11608)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [ccf0a6b](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ccf0a6b86b7f68a75463804fe485ec240b8635f0) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+        - [2b67ac3](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2b67ac300ac8b44368fb121637d1743cea8c5b6b) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.11.18
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Login with OAuth is no longer supported for YouTube**
+Due to a change made by the site, yt-dlp is no longer able to support OAuth login for YouTube. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11462#issuecomment-2471703090)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Catch broken Cryptodome installations](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b83ca24eb72e1e558b0185bd73975586c0bc0546) ([#11486](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11486)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**
+    - [Fix `join_nonempty`, add `**kwargs` to `unpack`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/39d79c9b9cf23411d935910685c40aa1a2fdb409) ([#11559](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11559)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `subs_list_to_dict`: [Add `lang` default parameter](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c014fbcddcb4c8f79d914ac5bb526758b540ea33) ([#11508](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11508)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Allow `ext` override for thumbnails](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eb64ae7d5def6df2aba74fb703e7f168fb299865) ([#11545](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11545)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **adobepass**: [Fix provider requests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/85fdc66b6e01d19a94b4f39b58e3c0cf23600902) ([#11472](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11472)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **archive.org**: [Fix comments extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2a4983df7a64c4e93b56f79dbd16a781bd90206) ([#11527](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11527)) by [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **bandlab**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6365e92589e4bc17b8fffb0125a716d144ad2137) ([#11535](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11535)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **chaturbate**
+    - [Extract from API and support impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/720b3dc453c342bc2e8df7dbc0acaab4479de46c) ([#11555](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11555)) by [powergold1](https://github.com/powergold1) (With fixes in [7cecd29](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7cecd299e4a5ef1f0f044b2fedc26f17e41f15e3) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev))
+    - [Support alternate domains](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a9f85670d03ab993dc589f21a9ffffcad61392d5) ([#10595](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10595)) by [manavchaudhary1](https://github.com/manavchaudhary1)
+- **cloudflarestream**: [Avoid extraction via videodelivery.net](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2db8c2e7d57a1784b06057c48e3e91023720d195) ([#11478](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11478)) by [hugovdev](https://github.com/hugovdev)
+- **ctvnews**
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f351440f1dc5b3dfbfc5737b037a869d946056fe) ([#11534](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11534)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+    - [Fix playlist ID extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f9d98509a898737c12977b2e2117277bada2c196) ([#8892](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8892)) by [qbnu](https://github.com/qbnu)
+- **digitalconcerthall**: [Support login with access/refresh tokens](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f7257588bdff5f0b0452635a66b253a783c97357) ([#11571](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11571)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **facebook**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bacc31b05a04181b63100c481565256b14813a5e) ([#11513](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11513)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **gamedevtv**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be3579aaf0c3b71a0a3195e1955415d5e4d6b3d8) ([#11368](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11368)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [stratus-ss](https://github.com/stratus-ss)
+- **goplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6b43a8d84b881d769b480ba6e20ec691e9d1b92d) ([#11466](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11466)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [SamDecrock](https://github.com/SamDecrock)
+- **kenh14**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eb15fd5a32d8b35ef515f7a3d1158c03025648ff) ([#3996](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3996)) by [krichbanana](https://github.com/krichbanana), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **litv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e079ffbda66de150c0a9ebef05e89f61bb4d5f76) ([#11071](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11071)) by [jiru](https://github.com/jiru)
+- **mixchmovie**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0ec9bfed4d4a52bfb4f8733da1acf0aeeae21e6b) ([#10897](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10897)) by [Sakura286](https://github.com/Sakura286)
+- **patreon**: [Fix comments extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d253b0a27110d174c40faf8fb1c999d099e0cde) ([#11530](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11530)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **pialive**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d867f99622ef7fba690b08da56c39d739b822bb7) ([#10811](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10811)) by [ChocoLZS](https://github.com/ChocoLZS)
+- **radioradicale**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/70c55cb08f780eab687e881ef42bb5c6007d290b) ([#5607](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5607)) by [a13ssandr0](https://github.com/a13ssandr0), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **reddit**: [Improve error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7ea2787920cccc6b8ea30791993d114fbd564434) ([#11573](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11573)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **redgifsuser**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d215fba7edb69d4fa665f43663756fd260b1489f) ([#11531](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11531)) by [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **rutube**: [Rework extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e398217aae19bb25f91797bfbe8a3243698d7f45) ([#11480](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11480)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **sonylivseries**: [Add `sort_order` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2009cb27e17014787bf63eaa2ada51293d54f22a) ([#11569](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11569)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **soop**: [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c699bafc5038b59c9afe8c2e69175fb66424c832) ([#11545](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11545)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **spankbang**: [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8388ec256f7753b02488788e3cfa771f6e1db247) ([#11542](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11542)) by [jshumphrey](https://github.com/jshumphrey)
+- **spreaker**
+    - [Support episode pages and access keys](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c39016f66df76d14284c705736ca73db8055d8de) ([#11489](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11489)) by [julionc](https://github.com/julionc)
+    - [Support podcast and feed pages](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6737310619022248f5d0fd13872073cac168453) ([#10968](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10968)) by [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/637d62a3a9fc723d68632c1af25c30acdadeeb85) ([#11528](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11528)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Remove broken OAuth support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/52c0ffe40ad6e8404d93296f575007b05b04c686) ([#11558](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11558)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix podcasts tab extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/37cd7660eaff397c551ee18d80507702342b0c2b) ([#11567](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11567)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump PyInstaller version pin to `>=6.11.1`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f9c8deb4e5887ff5150e911ac0452e645f988044) ([#11507](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11507)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Enable attestations for trusted publishing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f13df591d4d7ca8e2f31b35c9c91e69ba9e9b013) ([#11420](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11420)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Pin `websockets` version to >=13.0,<14](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/240a7d43c8a67ffb86d44dc276805aa43c358dcc) ([#11488](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11488)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Deprecate more compat functions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f95a92b3d0169a784ee15a138fbe09d82b2754a1) ([#11439](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11439)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Remove dead extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/10fc719bc7f1eef469389c5219102266ef411f29) ([#11566](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11566)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+    - Miscellaneous: [da252d9](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/da252d9d322af3e2178ac5eae324809502a0a862) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.11.04
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Beginning with this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**
+If you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)
+- **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.9**
+Python 3.8 reached its end-of-life on 2024.10.07, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. As an unfortunate side effect, the official `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_x86.exe` binaries are no longer supported on Windows 7. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Allow thumbnails with `.jpe` extension](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5bc5fb2835ea59bdf326bd12176d74d2c7348a95) ([#11408](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11408)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Expand paths in `--plugin-dirs`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/914af9a0cf51c9a3f74aa88d952bee8334c67511) ([#11334](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11334)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Fix `--netrc` empty string parsing for Python <=3.10](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/88402b714ec124633933737bc156b172a3dec3d6) ([#11414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Populate format sorting fields before dependent fields](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c880ef42e9c2b2fc412f6d69dad37d34fb75a62) ([#11353](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11353)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Prioritize AV1](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3945677a75e94a1fecc085432d791e1c21220cd3) ([#11153](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11153)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- [Remove Python 3.8 support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d784464399b600ba9516bbcec6286f11d68974dd) ([#11321](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11321)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **aes**: [Fix GCM pad length calculation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/beae2db127d3b5017cbcf685da9de7a9ef496541) ([#11438](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11438)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **cookies**: [Support chrome table version 24](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4613096f2e6eab9dcbac0e98b6cec760bbc99375) ([#11425](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11425)) by [kesor](https://github.com/kesor), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**
+    - [Allow partial application for more functions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b6dc2c49e8793c6dfa21275e61caf49ec1148b81) ([#11391](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11391)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K) (With fixes in [422195e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/422195ec70a00b0d2002b238cacbae7790c57fdf) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K))
+    - [Fix `find_element` by class](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f93c16395cea1fe9ffc3c594d3e019c3b214544c) ([#11402](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11402)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix and improve `find_element` and `find_elements`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b103aca24d35b72b405c340357dc01a0ed534281) ([#11443](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11443)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Resolve `language` to ISO639-2 for ISM formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/21cdcf03a237a0c4979c941d5a5385cae44c7906) ([#11359](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11359)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ardmediathek**: [Extract chapters](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/59f8dd8239c31f00b708da53b39b1e2e9409b6e6) ([#11442](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11442)) by [iw0nderhow](https://github.com/iw0nderhow)
+- **bfmtv**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/754940e9a558565d6bd3c0c529802569b1d0ae4e) ([#11444](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11444)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **bluesky**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5c7a5aaab27e9c3cb367b663a6136ca58866e547) ([#11055](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11055)) by [MellowKyler](https://github.com/MellowKyler), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **ccma**: [Support new 3cat.cat domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/330335386d4f7603d92d6796798375336005275e) ([#11222](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11222)) by [JoseAngelB](https://github.com/JoseAngelB)
+- **chzzk**: video: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9c6534da81e485b2325b3489ee4128943e6d3e4b) ([#11228](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11228)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+- **cnn**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9acf79c91a8c6c55ca972747c6858e784e2da351) ([#10185](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10185)) by [kylegustavo](https://github.com/kylegustavo), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **dailymotion**
+    - [Improve embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a403dcf9be20b49cbb3017328f4aaa352fb6d685) ([#10843](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10843)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+    - [Support shortened URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1358231371f20fa23020fa9176be3b56119873e) ([#11374](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11374)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **facebook**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec9b25043f399de6a591d8370d32bf0e66c117f2) ([#11343](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11343)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **generic**: [Do not impersonate by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c29f5a7fae93a08f3cfbb6127b2faa75145b06a0) ([#11336](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11336)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nfl**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/838f4385de8300a4dd4e7ffbbf0e5b7b85fb52c2) ([#11409](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11409)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **niconicouser**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6abef74232c0fc695cd803c18ae446cacb129389) ([#11324](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11324)) by [Wesley107772](https://github.com/Wesley107772)
+- **soundcloud**: [Extract artists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f101e5d34c97c608156ad5396714c2a2edca966a) ([#11377](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11377)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tumblr**: [Support more URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b03267bf0675eeb8df5baf1daac7cf67840c91a5) ([#6057](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6057)) by [selfisekai](https://github.com/selfisekai), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **twitter**: [Remove cookies migration workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/76802f461332d444e596437c42374fa237fa5174) ([#11392](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11392)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Fix API retries](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/57212a5f97ce367590aaa5c3e9a135eead8f81f7) ([#11351](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11351)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **yle_areena**: [Support live events](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a6783a3b9905e547f6c1d4df9d7c7999feda8afa) ([#11358](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11358)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [CounterPillow](https://github.com/CounterPillow)
+- **youtube**: [Adjust OAuth refresh token handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d569a8845254d90ce13ad74ae76695e8d6441068) ([#11414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Disable attestations for trusted publishing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/428ffb75aa3534b275cf54de42693a4d261519da) ([#11418](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11418)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Move optional dependencies to the `default` group](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/87884f15580910e4e0fe0e1db73508debc657471) ([#11255](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11255)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use Ubuntu 20.04 and Python 3.9 for Linux ARM builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dd2e24446954246a2ec4d4a7e95531f52a14b351) ([#8638](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8638)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - Miscellaneous
+        - [ea9e35d](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ea9e35d85fba5eab341cdcaf1eaed69b57f7e465) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+        - [c998238](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c998238c2e76c62d1d29962c6e8ebe916cc7913b) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [KBelmin](https://github.com/KBelmin)
+        - [197d0b0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/197d0b03b6a3c8fe4fa5ace630eeffec629bf72c) by [avagordon01](https://github.com/avagordon01), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **devscripts**: `make_changelog`: [Parse full commit message for fixes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0a3991edae0e10f2ea41ece9fdea5e48f789f1de) ([#11366](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11366)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+### 2024.10.22
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Following this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**
+If you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)
+- **py2exe is no longer supported**
+This release's `yt-dlp_min.exe` will be the last, and it's actually a PyInstaller-bundled executable so that yt-dlp users updating their py2exe build with `-U` will be automatically migrated. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10087)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add extractor helpers](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d710a6ca7c622705c0c8c8a3615916f531137d5d) ([#10653](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10653)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Add option `--plugin-dirs`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0f593dca9fa995d88eb763170a932da61c8f24dc) ([#11277](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11277)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [imranh2](https://github.com/imranh2)
+- **cookies**: [Fix compatibility for Python <=3.9 in traceback](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c5f0f58efd8c3930de8202c15a5c53b1b635bd51) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **utils**
+    - `Popen`: [Reset PyInstaller environment](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fbc66e3ab35743cc847a21223c67d88bb463cd9c) ([#11258](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11258)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `sanitize_path`: [Reimplement function](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/85b87c991af25dcb35630fa94580fd418e78ee33) ([#11198](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11198)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **adobepass**: [Use newer user-agent for provider redirect request](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dcfeea4dd5e5686821350baa6c7767a011944867) ([#11250](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11250)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **afreecatv**: [Adapt extractors to new sooplive.co.kr domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46fe60ff19395698a87113b2944453779e04ab9d) ([#11266](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11266)) by [63427083](https://github.com/63427083), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cda**: [Support folders](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c4d95f67ddc522297bb1fea875255cf94b34d595) ([#10786](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10786)) by [pktiuk](https://github.com/pktiuk)
+- **cwtv**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d43dcb2c5c38f443f84dfc126cd32720e1a1ad6) ([#11230](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11230)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **drtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f4338714241b11d9d43768ae71a25f5e952f677d) ([#11141](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11141)) by [444995](https://github.com/444995)
+- **funk**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8de431ec97a4b62b73df8f686b6e21e462775336) ([#11269](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11269)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/40054cb4a7ebbea30d335d444e6f58b298a3baa0) ([#11196](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11196)) by [DavidSkrundz](https://github.com/DavidSkrundz)
+- **generic**: [Impersonate browser by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/edfd095b1917701c5046bd51f9542897c17d41a7) ([#11206](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11206)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **imgur**
+    - [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/87408ccfd772ddf31a8323d8151c24f9577cbc9f) ([#11298](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11298)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5af774d7a36c00bea618c7047c9326532cd3f616) ([#11075](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11075)) by [Deer-Spangle](https://github.com/Deer-Spangle)
+- **patreon**: campaign: [Stricter URL matching](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/babb70960595e2146f06f81affc29c7e713e34e2) ([#11235](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11235)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **reddit**: [Detect and raise when login is required](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cba7868502f04175fecf9ab3e363296aee7ebec2) ([#11202](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11202)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **substack**: [Resolve podcast file extensions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3148c1822f66533998278f0a1cf842b9bea1526a) ([#11275](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11275)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **telecinco**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b7ec08816fb196cd41d392f8331b4eb8366c4f8) ([#11142](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11142)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [DarkZeros](https://github.com/DarkZeros)
+- **tubitv**: [Strip extra whitespace from titles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e68b4c19af122876561a41f2dd8093fae7b417c7) ([#10795](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10795)) by [allendema](https://github.com/allendema)
+- **tver**: [Support series URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ceaea731b6e314dbbdfb2e358d7677785ed0b4fc) ([#9507](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9507)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612), [vvto33](https://github.com/vvto33)
+- **twitter**: spaces: [Allow extraction when not logged in](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/679c68240a26481ea7c07cc0c014745631ea8481) ([#11289](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11289)) by [rubyevadestaxes](https://github.com/rubyevadestaxes)
+- **weverse**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5310fa87f6cb7f66bf42e2520878952fbf6b1652) ([#11215](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11215)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix `comment_count` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7af1ddaaf2a6a0a750373a9ab53c7770af4f9fe4) ([#11274](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11274)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Remove broken `android_producer` client](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fed53d70bdb7d3e37ef63dd7fcf0ef74356167fd) ([#11297](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11297)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Remove broken age-restriction workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec2f4bf0823a13043f98f5bd0bf6677837bf09dc) ([#11297](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11297)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support logging in with OAuth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8635c1d4779da195e71aa281f73aaad702c935e) ([#11001](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11001)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Migrate `py2exe` builds to `win_exe`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609) ([#11256](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11256)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use `macos-13` image for macOS builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/64d84d75ca8c19ec06558cc7c511f5f4f7a822bc) ([#11236](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11236)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - `make_lazy_extractors`: [Force running without plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a830394a21a81a3e9918f9e175abc9fbb21f089) ([#11205](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11205)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [67adeb7](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/67adeb7bab00662ba55d473e405b301abb42fe61) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [DTrombett](https://github.com/DTrombett), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [KarboniteKream](https://github.com/KarboniteKream), [mikkovedru](https://github.com/mikkovedru), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**: [Allow running tests explicitly](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/16eb28026a2ddf5608d0a628ef15949b8d3805a9) ([#11203](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11203)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+### 2024.10.07
+
+#### Core changes
+- **cookies**: [Fix cookie load error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e59c82a74cda5139eb3928c75b0bd45484dbe7f0) ([#11140](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11140)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **applepodcasts**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6328e2e67a4e126e08af382e6a387073082d5c5f) ([#10903](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10903)) by [coreywright](https://github.com/coreywright)
+- **cwtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b7bec66d8100978b82bb24110ed44e2a7749931) ([#11135](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11135)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **instagram**
+    - [Do not hardcode user-agent](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/079a7bc334281d3c13d347770ae5f9f2b7da471a) ([#11155](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11155)) by [poyhen](https://github.com/poyhen)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cf85cba5d9496bd2689e1070005b4d1b4cd3dc6d) ([#11156](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11156)) by [tetra-fox](https://github.com/tetra-fox)
+- **noodlemagazine**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ccb23e1bac9768d1c70535beb744e668ed4a2720) ([#11144](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11144)) by [BallzCrasher](https://github.com/BallzCrasher)
+- **patreon**: [Extract all m3u8 formats for locked posts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f91645aceaf13926cf35be2c1dfef61b3aab97fb) ([#11138](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11138)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**: [Change default player clients to `ios,mweb`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de2062753a188060d76f587e45becce61fe399f9) ([#11190](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11190)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- **xattrmetadata**: [Try to write each attribute](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a193346eeb27ac2959ff30c370adb899ec94732) ([#11115](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11115)) by [eric321](https://github.com/eric321)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **ci**: [Rerun failed tests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b31b81d85f00601710d4fac590c3e4efb4133283) ([#11143](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11143)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [1a176d8](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a176d874e6772cd898ce507379ea388e96ee3f7) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.09.27
+
+#### Important changes
+- **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.9**
+Since Python 3.8 will reach end-of-life in October 2024, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Allow `none` arg to negate `--convert-subs` and `--convert-thumbnails`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c08e0b20b5edd8957b8318716bc14e896d1b96f4) ([#11066](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11066)) by [kieraneglin](https://github.com/kieraneglin)
+- [Fix format sorting bug with vp9.2 vcodec](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f4ea14680c7865d8ffac10a9174205d1d84ada7) ([#10884](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10884)) by [rakslice](https://github.com/rakslice)
+- [Raise minimum recommended Python version to 3.9](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cca534cd9e6850c70244f225a4a1895ef4bcdbec) ([#11098](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11098)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cookies**: [Improve error message for Windows `--cookies-from-browser chrome` issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b397a64691421ace5df09457c2a764821a2dc6f2) ([#11090](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11090)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**: `mimetype2ext`: [Recognize `aacp` as `aac`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc85596d5b59f0c14e9381b3675f619c1e12e597) ([#10860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10860)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Fix JW Player format parsing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/409f8e9e3b4bde81ef76fc563256f876d2ff8099) ([#10956](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10956)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- [Handle decode errors when reading responses](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/325001317d97f4545d66fac44c4ba772c6f45f22) ([#10868](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10868)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **abc.net.au**: iview, showseries: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7f909046f4dc0fba472b4963145aef6e0d42491b) ([#11101](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11101)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **adn**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc88a54bb1ef285154775f8a6a413335ce4c71ce) ([#10749](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10749)) by [infanf](https://github.com/infanf)
+- **asobistage**: [Support redirected URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a7d3235c84dac57a127cbe0ff38f7f7c2fdd8fa0) ([#10768](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10768)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **bandcamp**: user: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5d0176547f16a3642cd71627126e9dfc24981e20) ([#10328](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10328)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [quad](https://github.com/quad)
+- **beacon**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b4760c778d0c92c6e3f2bc8346cd72c8f08595ae) ([#9901](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9901)) by [Deukhoofd](https://github.com/Deukhoofd)
+- **bilibili**
+    - [Fix chapters and subtitles extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a2000bc85730c950351d78bb818493dc39dca3cb) ([#11099](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11099)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix festival URL support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b43bd864851f2862e26caa85461c5d825d49d463) ([#10740](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10740)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **biliintl**: [Fix referer header](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a06bb586795ebab87a2356923acfc674d6f0e152) ([#11003](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11003)) by [Khaoklong51](https://github.com/Khaoklong51)
+- **dropbox**: [Fix password-protected video support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/63da31b3b29af90062d8a72a905ffe4b5e499042) ([#10735](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10735)) by [ndyanx](https://github.com/ndyanx)
+- **ertgr**: [Fix video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/416686ed0cf792ec44ab059f3b229dd776077e14) ([#11091](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11091)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **eurosport**: [Support local URL variants](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0bb28504c8c2b75ee3e5796aed50de2a7f90a1b) ([#10785](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10785)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **facebook**
+    - ads: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d62fef7e07d454c0d2ba2d69fb96d691dba1ded0) ([#10704](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10704)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+    - reel: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0e1b941c6b2caa688b0d3332e723d16dbafa4311) by [lengzuo](https://github.com/lengzuo)
+- **germanupa**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/124f058b546d652a359c67025bb479789bfbef0b) ([#10538](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10538)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **hgtvde**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a555389c9bb32e589e00b4664974423fb7b04dcd) ([#10992](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10992)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [rdamas](https://github.com/rdamas)
+- **huya**: video: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/25c1cdaa2650563494d3bf00a38f72d0d9486bff) ([#10686](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10686)) by [hugepower](https://github.com/hugepower)
+- **iprima**: [Fix zoom URL support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4a27b8f092f7f7c10b7a334d3535c97c2af02f0a) ([#10959](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10959)) by [otovalek](https://github.com/otovalek)
+- **khanacademy**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0fba08485b6445b72b5b63ae23ca2a73fa5d967f) ([#10913](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10913)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **kick**
+    - clips: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0aa4426e9a35f7f8e184f1f2082b3b313c1448f7) ([#11107](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11107)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - vod: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/173d54c151b987409e3eb09552d8d89ed8fc50f7) ([#10988](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10988)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **kika**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e6f48ca80821939c1fd11ec2a0cdbf2fba9b258a) ([#5788](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5788)) by [1100101](https://github.com/1100101)
+- **lnkgo**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fa83d0b36bc43d30fe9241c1e923f4614864b758) ([#10904](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10904)) by [naglis](https://github.com/naglis)
+- **loom**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7509d692b37a7ec6230ea75bfe1e44a8de5eefce) ([#10760](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10760)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **mediaklikk**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e2b3634e299be9c16a247ece3b1858d83889c324) ([#11083](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11083)) by [szantnerb](https://github.com/szantnerb)
+- **mojevideo**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/28b0ecba2af5b4919f198474b3d00a76ef322c31) ([#11019](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11019)) by [04-pasha-04](https://github.com/04-pasha-04), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **niconico**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eabb4680fdb09ba1f48d174a700a2e3b43f82add) ([#11103](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11103)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nzz**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4a9bc8c3630378bc29f0266126b503f6190c0430) ([#10461](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10461)) by [1-Byte](https://github.com/1-Byte)
+- **patreoncampaign**: [Support API URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/232e6db30c474d1b387e405342f34173ceeaf832) ([#10734](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10734)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [hibes](https://github.com/hibes)
+- **pinterest**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8c078fe28b0ffc15ef9646346c00c592fe71a78) ([#10867](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10867)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [sahilsinghss73](https://github.com/sahilsinghss73)
+- **radiko**: [Extract unique `id` values](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8d096c5ce111411fbdbe2abb8fed54f317a6182) ([#10726](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10726)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **rtp**: [Support more subpages](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d02df303d8e49390599db9f34482697e4d1cf5b2) ([#10787](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10787)) by [Demon000](https://github.com/Demon000)
+- **rumblechannel**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad0b857f459a6d390fbf124183916218c52f223a) ([#11049](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11049)) by [tony-hn](https://github.com/tony-hn)
+- **rutube**: [Support livestreams](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41be32e78c3845000dbac188ffb90ea3ea7c4dfa) ([#10844](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10844)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **samplefocus**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46f4c80bc363ee8116c33d37f65202e6c3470954) ([#10947](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10947)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **screenrec**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/36f9e602ad55679764bc75a4f67f7562b1d6adcf) ([#10917](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10917)) by [naglis](https://github.com/naglis)
+- **sen**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41a241ca6ffb95b3d9aaf4f42106ca8cba9af1a6) ([#10952](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10952)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **servus**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/300c91274f7ea5b1b0528fc5ee11cf1a61d4079e) ([#10944](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10944)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **snapchatspotlight**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b37417e4f934fd8909788b493d017777155b0ae5) ([#11030](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11030)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **svtpage**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5a8a05aebb49693e78e1123015837ed5e961ff76) ([#11010](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11010)) by [diman8](https://github.com/diman8)
+- **tenplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d8d473002b654ab0e7b97ead869f58b4361eeae1) ([#10928](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10928)) by [aarubui](https://github.com/aarubui)
+- **tiktok**: [Fix web formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3ad0b7f422d547204df687b6d0b2d9110fff3990) ([#11074](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11074)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **twitter**: spaces: [Support video spaces](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bef1d4d6fc9493fda7f75e2289c07c507d10092f) ([#10789](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10789)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vidflex**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e978c312d6550a6ae4c9df18001afb1b420cb72f) ([#10002](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10002)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **vimeo**
+    - [Always try to extract original format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4115c24d157c5b5f63089d75c4e0f51d1f8b4489) ([#10721](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10721)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [e8e6a98](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e8e6a982a1b659eed434d225d7922f632bac6568) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev))
+    - [Fix HLS audio format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a1b4ac2b8ed8e6eaa56044d439f1e0d00c2ba218) ([#11082](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11082)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **watchespn**: [Improve auth support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7adff8caf152dcf96d03aff69ed8545c0a63567c) ([#10910](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10910)) by [ischmidt20](https://github.com/ischmidt20)
+- **wistia**: [Support password-protected videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9f5c9a90898c5a1e672922d9cd799716c73cee34) ([#11100](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11100)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ximalaya**: [Add VIP support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3dfd720d098b4d49d69cfc77e6376f22bcd90934) ([#10832](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10832)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [xingchensong](https://github.com/xingchensong)
+- **xinpianchang**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3aa0156e05662923d130ddbc1c82596e38c01a00) ([#10950](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10950)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **yleareena**: [Support podcasts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/48d629d461e05b1b19f5e53dc959bb9ebe95da42) ([#11104](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11104)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add `po_token`, `visitor_data`, `data_sync_id` extractor args](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a3bd00037e9908e87da4fa9f2ad772aa34dc60e) ([#10648](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10648)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev) (With fixes in [fa2be9a](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fa2be9a7c63babede07480151363e54eee5702bd) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+    - [Support excluding `player_client`s in extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/49f3741a820ed142f6866317c2e7d247b130960e) ([#10710](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10710)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - clip: [Prioritize `https` formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d84b780cf33a1d84756825ac23f990a905703df) ([#11102](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11102)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix shorts tab extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9431777b4c37129a6093080c77ca59960afbb9d7) ([#10938](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10938)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Fix handler not being added to RequestError](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1c4d88b2d912e8da5e76db455562ca63b1af690) ([#10955](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10955)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Pin `curl-cffi` version to < 0.7.2](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5bb1aa04dafce13ba9de707ea53169fab58b5207) ([#11092](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11092)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **Request Handler**: websockets: [Upgrade websockets to 13.0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6f9e6537434562d513d0c9b68ced8a61ade94a64) ([#10815](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10815)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump PyInstaller version pin to `>=6.10.0`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fb8b7f226d251e521a89b23c415e249e5b788e5c) ([#10709](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10709)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Pin `delocate` version for `macos`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7e41628ff523b3fe373b0981a5db441358980dab) ([#10901](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10901)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ci**
+    - [Add comment sanitization workflow](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b6200bdcf3a9415ae36859188f9a57e3e461c696) ([#10915](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10915)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Add issue tracker anti-spam protection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad9a8115aa29a1a95c961b16fcf129a228d98f50) ([#10861](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10861)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [c6387ab](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6387abc1af9842bb0541288a5610abba9b1ab51) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Codenade](https://github.com/Codenade), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
 ### 2024.08.06
 
 #### Core changes
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index ca32e09bf..c0329f539 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,9 +4,8 @@
 [![YT-DLP](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/master/.github/banner.svg)](#readme)
 
 [![Release version](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/yt-dlp/yt-dlp?color=brightgreen&label=Download&style=for-the-badge)](#installation "Installation")
-[![PyPi](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPi-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp "PyPi")
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPI-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp "PyPI")
 [![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Donate-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](Collaborators.md#collaborators "Donate")
-[![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/matrix/yt-dlp:matrix.org?color=brightgreen&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=element&style=for-the-badge)](https://matrix.to/#/#yt-dlp:matrix.org "Matrix")
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/807245652072857610?color=blue&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=discord&style=for-the-badge)](https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r "Discord")
 [![Supported Sites](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Supported_Sites-brightgreen.svg?style=for-the-badge)](supportedsites.md "Supported Sites")
 [![License: Unlicense](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Unlicense-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge)](LICENSE "License")
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ # INSTALLATION
 [![Windows](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Windows_x64-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=windows)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)
 [![Unix](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Linux/BSD-red.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=linux)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)
 [![MacOS](https://img.shields.io/badge/-MacOS-lightblue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=apple)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos)
-[![PyPi](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPi-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp)
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPI-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp)
 [![Source Tarball](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Source_tar-green.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.tar.gz)
 [![Other variants](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Other-grey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](#release-files)
 [![All versions](https://img.shields.io/badge/-All_Versions-lightgrey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases)
@@ -98,15 +97,14 @@ #### Recommended
 File|Description
 :---|:---
 [yt-dlp](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)|Platform-independent [zipimport](https://docs.python.org/3/library/zipimport.html) binary. Needs Python (recommended for **Linux/BSD**)
-[yt-dlp.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for **Windows**)
+[yt-dlp.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)|Windows (Win8+) standalone x64 binary (recommended for **Windows**)
 [yt-dlp_macos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos)|Universal MacOS (10.15+) standalone executable (recommended for **MacOS**)
 
 #### Alternatives
 
 File|Description
 :---|:---
-[yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
-[yt-dlp_min.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_min.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary built with `py2exe`<br/> ([Not recommended](#standalone-py2exe-builds-windows))
+[yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Win8+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_linux](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux)|Linux standalone x64 binary
 [yt-dlp_linux_armv7l](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_armv7l)|Linux standalone armv7l (32-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_linux_aarch64](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_aarch64)|Linux standalone aarch64 (64-bit) binary
@@ -173,11 +171,11 @@ # To install nightly with pip:
 ```
 
 ## DEPENDENCIES
-Python versions 3.8+ (CPython and PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
+Python versions 3.9+ (CPython) and 3.10+ (PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
 
 <!-- Python 3.5+ uses VC++14 and it is already embedded in the binary created
 <!x-- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26999 --x>
-On windows, [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe) is also necessary to run yt-dlp. You probably already have this, but if the executable throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` you need to install it manually.
+On Windows, [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe) is also necessary to run yt-dlp. You probably already have this, but if the executable throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` you need to install it manually.
 -->
 
 While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly recommended
@@ -200,7 +198,7 @@ #### Impersonation
 
 The following provide support for impersonating browser requests. This may be required for some sites that employ TLS fingerprinting.
 
-* [**curl_cffi**](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi) (recommended) - Python binding for [curl-impersonate](https://github.com/lwthiker/curl-impersonate). Provides impersonation targets for Chrome, Edge and Safari. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi/blob/main/LICENSE)
+* [**curl_cffi**](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi) (recommended) - Python binding for [curl-impersonate](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl-impersonate). Provides impersonation targets for Chrome, Edge and Safari. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi/blob/main/LICENSE)
   * Can be installed with the `curl-cffi` group, e.g. `pip install "yt-dlp[default,curl-cffi]"`
   * Currently included in `yt-dlp.exe`, `yt-dlp_linux` and `yt-dlp_macos` builds
 
@@ -254,31 +252,19 @@ ### Standalone PyInstaller Builds
 **Important**: Running `pyinstaller` directly **instead of** using `python -m bundle.pyinstaller` is **not** officially supported. This may or may not work correctly.
 
 ### Platform-independent Binary (UNIX)
-You will need the build tools `python` (3.8+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.
+You will need the build tools `python` (3.9+), `zip`, `make` (GNU), `pandoc`\* and `pytest`\*.
 
 After installing these, simply run `make`.
 
 You can also run `make yt-dlp` instead to compile only the binary without updating any of the additional files. (The build tools marked with **\*** are not needed for this)
 
-### Standalone Py2Exe Builds (Windows)
-
-While we provide the option to build with [py2exe](https://www.py2exe.org), it is recommended to build [using PyInstaller](#standalone-pyinstaller-builds) instead since the py2exe builds **cannot contain `pycryptodomex`/`certifi`/`requests` and need VC++14** on the target computer to run.
-
-If you wish to build it anyway, install Python (if it is not already installed) and you can run the following commands:
-
-```
-py devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe
-py devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
-py -m bundle.py2exe
-```
-
 ### Related scripts
 
 * **`devscripts/install_deps.py`** - Install dependencies for yt-dlp.
 * **`devscripts/update-version.py`** - Update the version number based on the current date.
 * **`devscripts/set-variant.py`** - Set the build variant of the executable.
 * **`devscripts/make_changelog.py`** - Create a markdown changelog using short commit messages and update `CONTRIBUTORS` file.
-* **`devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py`** - Create lazy extractors. Running this before building the binaries (any variant) will improve their startup performance. Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS=1` if you wish to forcefully disable lazy extractor loading.
+* **`devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py`** - Create lazy extractors. Running this before building the binaries (any variant) will improve their startup performance. Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS` to something nonempty to forcefully disable lazy extractor loading.
 
 Note: See their `--help` for more info.
 
@@ -348,8 +334,17 @@ ## General Options:
                                     containing directory ("-" for stdin). Can be
                                     used multiple times and inside other
                                     configuration files
-    --flat-playlist                 Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
-                                    only list them
+    --plugin-dirs PATH              Path to an additional directory to search
+                                    for plugins. This option can be used
+                                    multiple times to add multiple directories.
+                                    Use "default" to search the default plugin
+                                    directories (default)
+    --no-plugin-dirs                Clear plugin directories to search,
+                                    including defaults and those provided by
+                                    previous --plugin-dirs
+    --flat-playlist                 Do not extract a playlist's URL result
+                                    entries; some entry metadata may be missing
+                                    and downloading may be bypassed
     --no-flat-playlist              Fully extract the videos of a playlist
                                     (default)
     --live-from-start               Download livestreams from the start.
@@ -444,10 +439,10 @@ ## Video Selection:
                                     E.g. "--date today-2weeks" downloads only
                                     videos uploaded on the same day two weeks ago
     --datebefore DATE               Download only videos uploaded on or before
-                                    this date. The date formats accepted is the
+                                    this date. The date formats accepted are the
                                     same as --date
     --dateafter DATE                Download only videos uploaded on or after
-                                    this date. The date formats accepted is the
+                                    this date. The date formats accepted are the
                                     same as --date
     --match-filters FILTER          Generic video filter. Any "OUTPUT TEMPLATE"
                                     field can be compared with a number or a
@@ -459,17 +454,17 @@ ## Video Selection:
                                     conditions. Use a "\" to escape "&" or
                                     quotes if needed. If used multiple times,
                                     the filter matches if at least one of the
-                                    conditions is met. E.g. --match-filter
-                                    !is_live --match-filter "like_count>?100 &
+                                    conditions is met. E.g. --match-filters
+                                    !is_live --match-filters "like_count>?100 &
                                     description~='(?i)\bcats \& dogs\b'" matches
                                     only videos that are not live OR those that
                                     have a like count more than 100 (or the like
                                     field is not available) and also has a
                                     description that contains the phrase "cats &
-                                    dogs" (caseless). Use "--match-filter -" to
+                                    dogs" (caseless). Use "--match-filters -" to
                                     interactively ask whether to download each
                                     video
-    --no-match-filters              Do not use any --match-filter (default)
+    --no-match-filters              Do not use any --match-filters (default)
     --break-match-filters FILTER    Same as "--match-filters" but stops the
                                     download process when a video is rejected
     --no-break-match-filters        Do not use any --break-match-filters (default)
@@ -485,12 +480,13 @@ ## Video Selection:
     --no-download-archive           Do not use archive file (default)
     --max-downloads NUMBER          Abort after downloading NUMBER files
     --break-on-existing             Stop the download process when encountering
-                                    a file that is in the archive
+                                    a file that is in the archive supplied with
+                                    the --download-archive option
     --no-break-on-existing          Do not stop the download process when
                                     encountering a file that is in the archive
                                     (default)
     --break-per-input               Alters --max-downloads, --break-on-existing,
-                                    --break-match-filter, and autonumber to
+                                    --break-match-filters, and autonumber to
                                     reset per input URL
     --no-break-per-input            --break-on-existing and similar options
                                     terminates the entire download queue
@@ -617,8 +613,7 @@ ## Filesystem Options:
     --no-restrict-filenames         Allow Unicode characters, "&" and spaces in
                                     filenames (default)
     --windows-filenames             Force filenames to be Windows-compatible
-    --no-windows-filenames          Make filenames Windows-compatible only if
-                                    using Windows (default)
+    --no-windows-filenames          Sanitize filenames only minimally
     --trim-filenames LENGTH         Limit the filename length (excluding
                                     extension) to the specified number of
                                     characters
@@ -732,16 +727,16 @@ ## Verbosity and Simulation Options:
                                     used. This option can be used multiple times
     --print-to-file [WHEN:]TEMPLATE FILE
                                     Append given template to the file. The
-                                    values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are same as that
-                                    of --print. FILE uses the same syntax as the
-                                    output template. This option can be used
-                                    multiple times
+                                    values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are the same as
+                                    that of --print. FILE uses the same syntax
+                                    as the output template. This option can be
+                                    used multiple times
     -j, --dump-json                 Quiet, but print JSON information for each
                                     video. Simulate unless --no-simulate is
                                     used. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for a
                                     description of available keys
     -J, --dump-single-json          Quiet, but print JSON information for each
-                                    url or infojson passed. Simulate unless
+                                    URL or infojson passed. Simulate unless
                                     --no-simulate is used. If the URL refers to
                                     a playlist, the whole playlist information
                                     is dumped in a single line
@@ -816,9 +811,9 @@ ## Video Format Options:
     --no-audio-multistreams         Only one audio stream is downloaded for each
                                     output file (default)
     --prefer-free-formats           Prefer video formats with free containers
-                                    over non-free ones of same quality. Use with
-                                    "-S ext" to strictly prefer free containers
-                                    irrespective of quality
+                                    over non-free ones of the same quality. Use
+                                    with "-S ext" to strictly prefer free
+                                    containers irrespective of quality
     --no-prefer-free-formats        Don't give any special preference to free
                                     containers (default)
     --check-formats                 Make sure formats are selected only from
@@ -843,15 +838,17 @@ ## Subtitle Options:
                                     (default) (Alias: --no-write-automatic-subs)
     --list-subs                     List available subtitles of each video.
                                     Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
-    --sub-format FORMAT             Subtitle format; accepts formats preference,
-                                    e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"
+    --sub-format FORMAT             Subtitle format; accepts formats preference
+                                    separated by "/", e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"
     --sub-langs LANGS               Languages of the subtitles to download (can
                                     be regex) or "all" separated by commas, e.g.
-                                    --sub-langs "en.*,ja". You can prefix the
-                                    language code with a "-" to exclude it from
-                                    the requested languages, e.g. --sub-langs
-                                    all,-live_chat. Use --list-subs for a list
-                                    of available language tags
+                                    --sub-langs "en.*,ja" (where "en.*" is a
+                                    regex pattern that matches "en" followed by
+                                    0 or more of any character). You can prefix
+                                    the language code with a "-" to exclude it
+                                    from the requested languages, e.g. --sub-
+                                    langs all,-live_chat. Use --list-subs for a
+                                    list of available language tags
 
 ## Authentication Options:
     -u, --username USERNAME         Login with this account ID
@@ -899,9 +896,9 @@ ## Post-Processing Options:
                                     necessary (currently supported: avi, flv,
                                     gif, mkv, mov, mp4, webm, aac, aiff, alac,
                                     flac, m4a, mka, mp3, ogg, opus, vorbis,
-                                    wav). If target container does not support
-                                    the video/audio codec, remuxing will fail.
-                                    You can specify multiple rules; e.g.
+                                    wav). If the target container does not
+                                    support the video/audio codec, remuxing will
+                                    fail. You can specify multiple rules; e.g.
                                     "aac>m4a/mov>mp4/mkv" will remux aac to m4a,
                                     mov to mp4 and anything else to mkv
     --recode-video FORMAT           Re-encode the video into another format if
@@ -969,29 +966,29 @@ ## Post-Processing Options:
                                     are the same as that of --use-postprocessor
                                     (default: pre_process)
     --xattrs                        Write metadata to the video file's xattrs
-                                    (using dublin core and xdg standards)
+                                    (using Dublin Core and XDG standards)
     --concat-playlist POLICY        Concatenate videos in a playlist. One of
                                     "never", "always", or "multi_video"
                                     (default; only when the videos form a single
-                                    show). All the video files must have same
-                                    codecs and number of streams to be
-                                    concatable. The "pl_video:" prefix can be
+                                    show). All the video files must have the
+                                    same codecs and number of streams to be
+                                    concatenable. The "pl_video:" prefix can be
                                     used with "--paths" and "--output" to set
                                     the output filename for the concatenated
                                     files. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for details
     --fixup POLICY                  Automatically correct known faults of the
                                     file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
                                     emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the
-                                    default; fix file if we can, warn
-                                    otherwise), force (try fixing even if file
-                                    already exists)
+                                    default; fix the file if we can, warn
+                                    otherwise), force (try fixing even if the
+                                    file already exists)
     --ffmpeg-location PATH          Location of the ffmpeg binary; either the
                                     path to the binary or its containing directory
     --exec [WHEN:]CMD               Execute a command, optionally prefixed with
                                     when to execute it, separated by a ":".
                                     Supported values of "WHEN" are the same as
                                     that of --use-postprocessor (default:
-                                    after_move). Same syntax as the output
+                                    after_move). The same syntax as the output
                                     template can be used to pass any field as
                                     arguments to the command. If no fields are
                                     passed, %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended
@@ -999,12 +996,16 @@ ## Post-Processing Options:
                                     be used multiple times
     --no-exec                       Remove any previously defined --exec
     --convert-subs FORMAT           Convert the subtitles to another format
-                                    (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt)
-                                    (Alias: --convert-subtitles)
+                                    (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt).
+                                    Use "--convert-subs none" to disable
+                                    conversion (default) (Alias: --convert-
+                                    subtitles)
     --convert-thumbnails FORMAT     Convert the thumbnails to another format
                                     (currently supported: jpg, png, webp). You
                                     can specify multiple rules using similar
-                                    syntax as --remux-video
+                                    syntax as "--remux-video". Use "--convert-
+                                    thumbnails none" to disable conversion
+                                    (default)
     --split-chapters                Split video into multiple files based on
                                     internal chapters. The "chapter:" prefix can
                                     be used with "--paths" and "--output" to set
@@ -1025,7 +1026,7 @@ ## Post-Processing Options:
     --no-force-keyframes-at-cuts    Do not force keyframes around the chapters
                                     when cutting/splitting (default)
     --use-postprocessor NAME[:ARGS]
-                                    The (case sensitive) name of plugin
+                                    The (case-sensitive) name of plugin
                                     postprocessors to be enabled, and
                                     (optionally) arguments to be passed to it,
                                     separated by a colon ":". ARGS are a
@@ -1038,8 +1039,8 @@ ## Post-Processing Options:
                                     --print/--output), "before_dl" (before each
                                     video download), "post_process" (after each
                                     video download; default), "after_move"
-                                    (after moving video file to its final
-                                    locations), "after_video" (after downloading
+                                    (after moving the video file to its final
+                                    location), "after_video" (after downloading
                                     and processing all formats of a video), or
                                     "playlist" (at end of playlist). This option
                                     can be used multiple times to add different
@@ -1057,7 +1058,7 @@ ## SponsorBlock Options:
                                     music_offtopic, poi_highlight, chapter, all
                                     and default (=all). You can prefix the
                                     category with a "-" to exclude it. See [1]
-                                    for description of the categories. E.g.
+                                    for descriptions of the categories. E.g.
                                     --sponsorblock-mark all,-preview
                                     [1] https://wiki.sponsor.ajay.app/w/Segment_Categories
     --sponsorblock-remove CATS      SponsorBlock categories to be removed from
@@ -1089,7 +1090,7 @@ ## Extractor Options:
                                     (Alias: --no-allow-dynamic-mpd)
     --hls-split-discontinuity       Split HLS playlists to different formats at
                                     discontinuities such as ad breaks
-    --no-hls-split-discontinuity    Do not split HLS playlists to different
+    --no-hls-split-discontinuity    Do not split HLS playlists into different
                                     formats at discontinuities such as ad breaks
                                     (default)
     --extractor-args IE_KEY:ARGS    Pass ARGS arguments to the IE_KEY extractor.
@@ -1099,7 +1100,7 @@ ## Extractor Options:
 
 # CONFIGURATION
 
-You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:
+You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option in a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:
 
 1. **Main Configuration**:
     * The file given to `--config-location`
@@ -1144,7 +1145,7 @@ # Save all videos under YouTube directory in your home directory
 -o ~/YouTube/%(title)s.%(ext)s
 ```
 
-**Note**: Options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`. They must also be quoted when necessary, as if it were a UNIX shell.
+**Note**: Options in a configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`. They must also be quoted when necessary, as if it were a UNIX shell.
 
 You can use `--ignore-config` if you want to disable all configuration files for a particular yt-dlp run. If `--ignore-config` is found inside any configuration file, no further configuration will be loaded. For example, having the option in the portable configuration file prevents loading of home, user, and system configurations. Additionally, (for backward compatibility) if `--ignore-config` is found inside the system configuration file, the user configuration is not loaded.
 
@@ -1178,13 +1179,13 @@ ### Authentication with netrc
 
 E.g. To use an encrypted `.netrc` file stored as `.authinfo.gpg`
 ```
-yt-dlp --netrc-cmd 'gpg --decrypt ~/.authinfo.gpg' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
+yt-dlp --netrc-cmd 'gpg --decrypt ~/.authinfo.gpg' 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'
 ```
 
 
 ### Notes about environment variables
 * Environment variables are normally specified as `${VARIABLE}`/`$VARIABLE` on UNIX and `%VARIABLE%` on Windows; but is always shown as `${VARIABLE}` in this documentation
-* yt-dlp also allow using UNIX-style variables on Windows for path-like options; e.g. `--output`, `--config-location`
+* yt-dlp also allows using UNIX-style variables on Windows for path-like options; e.g. `--output`, `--config-location`
 * If unset, `${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}` defaults to `~/.config` and `${XDG_CACHE_HOME}` to `~/.cache`
 * On Windows, `~` points to `${HOME}` if present; or, `${USERPROFILE}` or `${HOMEDRIVE}${HOMEPATH}` otherwise
 * On Windows, `${USERPROFILE}` generally points to `C:\Users\<user name>` and `${APPDATA}` to `${USERPROFILE}\AppData\Roaming`
@@ -1265,7 +1266,7 @@ # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
  - `like_count` (numeric): Number of positive ratings of the video
  - `dislike_count` (numeric): Number of negative ratings of the video
  - `repost_count` (numeric): Number of reposts of the video
- - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
+ - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating given by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
  - `comment_count` (numeric): Number of comments on the video (For some extractors, comments are only downloaded at the end, and so this field cannot be used)
  - `age_limit` (numeric): Age restriction for the video (years)
  - `live_status` (string): One of "not_live", "is_live", "is_upcoming", "was_live", "post_live" (was live, but VOD is not yet processed)
@@ -1292,10 +1293,11 @@ # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
  - `playlist_uploader_id` (string): Nickname or id of the playlist uploader
  - `playlist_channel` (string): Display name of the channel that uploaded the playlist
  - `playlist_channel_id` (string): Identifier of the channel that uploaded the playlist
+ - `playlist_webpage_url` (string): URL of the playlist webpage
  - `webpage_url` (string): A URL to the video webpage which, if given to yt-dlp, should yield the same result again
  - `webpage_url_basename` (string): The basename of the webpage URL
  - `webpage_url_domain` (string): The domain of the webpage URL
- - `original_url` (string): The URL given by the user (or same as `webpage_url` for playlist entries)
+ - `original_url` (string): The URL given by the user (or the same as `webpage_url` for playlist entries)
  - `categories` (list): List of categories the video belongs to
  - `tags` (list): List of tags assigned to the video
  - `cast` (list): List of cast members
@@ -1372,7 +1374,7 @@ # OUTPUT TEMPLATE
 
 **Tip**: Look at the `-j` output to identify which fields are available for the particular URL
 
-For numeric sequences you can use [numeric related formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting); e.g. `%(view_count)05d` will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in `00042`.
+For numeric sequences, you can use [numeric related formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting); e.g. `%(view_count)05d` will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in `00042`.
 
 Output templates can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. `-o "%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s"` which will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you.
 
@@ -1414,7 +1416,7 @@ # Download entire series season keeping each series and each season in separate
 
 # Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext", subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\subs\uploader\title.ext"
 # and put all temporary files in "C:\MyVideos\tmp"
-$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -P "temp:tmp" -P "subtitle:subs" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenoz --write-subs
+$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -P "temp:tmp" -P "subtitle:subs" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --write-subs
 
 # Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext" and subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\subs\title.ext"
 $ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "subtitle:%(uploader)s/subs/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --write-subs
@@ -1524,7 +1526,7 @@ ## Sorting Formats
  - `hasvid`: Gives priority to formats that have a video stream
  - `hasaud`: Gives priority to formats that have an audio stream
  - `ie_pref`: The format preference
- - `lang`: The language preference
+ - `lang`: The language preference as determined by the extractor (e.g. original language preferred over audio description)
  - `quality`: The quality of the format
  - `source`: The preference of the source
  - `proto`: Protocol used for download (`https`/`ftps` > `http`/`ftp` > `m3u8_native`/`m3u8` > `http_dash_segments`> `websocket_frag` > `mms`/`rtsp` > `f4f`/`f4m`)
@@ -1553,9 +1555,9 @@ ## Sorting Formats
 
 All fields, unless specified otherwise, are sorted in descending order. To reverse this, prefix the field with a `+`. E.g. `+res` prefers format with the smallest resolution. Additionally, you can suffix a preferred value for the fields, separated by a `:`. E.g. `res:720` prefers larger videos, but no larger than 720p and the smallest video if there are no videos less than 720p. For `codec` and `ext`, you can provide two preferred values, the first for video and the second for audio. E.g. `+codec:avc:m4a` (equivalent to `+vcodec:avc,+acodec:m4a`) sets the video codec preference to `h264` > `h265` > `vp9` > `vp9.2` > `av01` > `vp8` > `h263` > `theora` and audio codec preference to `mp4a` > `aac` > `vorbis` > `opus` > `mp3` > `ac3` > `dts`. You can also make the sorting prefer the nearest values to the provided by using `~` as the delimiter. E.g. `filesize~1G` prefers the format with filesize closest to 1 GiB.
 
-The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behavior can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec:vp9.2,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.
+The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behavior can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.
 
-Note that the default has `vcodec:vp9.2`; i.e. `av1` is not preferred. Similarly, the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. Dolby Vision is not preferred. These choices are made since DV and AV1 formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future as more devices become capable of smoothly playing back these formats.
+Note that the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. Dolby Vision is not preferred. This choice was made since DV formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future.
 
 If your format selector is `worst`, the last item is selected after sorting. This means it will select the format that is worst in all respects. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-f best -S +size,+br,+res,+fps`.
 
@@ -1632,11 +1634,11 @@ # Download the best video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
 # or the worst video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b[filesize<50M] / w"
 
-# Download largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
+# Download the largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
 # or the smallest video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize:50M"
 
-# Download best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
+# Download the best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize~50M"
 
 
@@ -1692,7 +1694,7 @@ # MODIFYING METADATA
 
 The general syntax of `--parse-metadata FROM:TO` is to give the name of a field or an [output template](#output-template) to extract data from, and the format to interpret it as, separated by a colon `:`. Either a [Python regular expression](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax) with named capture groups, a single field name, or a similar syntax to the [output template](#output-template) (only `%(field)s` formatting is supported) can be used for `TO`. The option can be used multiple times to parse and modify various fields.
 
-Note that these options preserve their relative order, allowing replacements to be made in parsed fields and viceversa. Also, any field thus created can be used in the [output template](#output-template) and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using `--embed-metadata`.
+Note that these options preserve their relative order, allowing replacements to be made in parsed fields and vice versa. Also, any field thus created can be used in the [output template](#output-template) and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using `--embed-metadata`.
 
 This option also has a few special uses:
 
@@ -1758,7 +1760,7 @@ # Replace all spaces and "_" in title and uploader with a `-`
 
 # EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS
 
-Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=mediaconnect,web;formats=incomplete" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`
+Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=tv,mweb;formats=incomplete" --extractor-args "twitter:api=syndication"`
 
 Note: In CLI, `ARG` can use `-` instead of `_`; e.g. `youtube:player-client"` becomes `youtube:player_client"`
 
@@ -1767,16 +1769,20 @@ # EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS
 #### youtube
 * `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/c26f9b991a0681fd3ea548d535919cec1fbbd430/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L381-L390) for list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
-* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `ios` and `android`, with variants `_music` and `_creator` (e.g. `ios_creator`); and `mediaconnect`, `mweb`, `android_producer`, `android_testsuite`, `android_vr`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `tv` and `tv_embedded` with no variants. By default, `ios,web_creator` is used, and `tv_embedded`, `web_creator` and `mediaconnect` are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly, the music variants are added for `music.youtube.com` urls. Most `android` clients will be given lowest priority since their formats are broken. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients.
+* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The currently available clients are `web`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `web_music`, `web_creator`, `mweb`, `ios`, `android`, `android_vr`, `tv` and `tv_embedded`. By default, `tv,ios,web` is used, or `tv,web` is used when authenticating with cookies. The `web_music` client is added for `music.youtube.com` URLs when logged-in cookies are used. The `tv_embedded` and `web_creator` clients are added for age-restricted videos if account age-verification is required. Some clients, such as `web` and `web_music`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as `web_creator`, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `default` for the default clients, or you can use `all` for all clients (not recommended). You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=default,-ios`
 * `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) for more details
 * `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
 * `max_comments`: Limit the amount of comments to gather. Comma-separated list of integers representing `max-comments,max-parents,max-replies,max-replies-per-thread`. Default is `all,all,all,all`
     * E.g. `all,all,1000,10` will get a maximum of 1000 replies total, with up to 10 replies per thread. `1000,all,100` will get a maximum of 1000 comments, with a maximum of 100 replies total
-* `formats`: Change the types of formats to return. `dashy` (convert HTTP to DASH), `duplicate` (identical content but different URLs or protocol; includes `dashy`), `incomplete` (cannot be downloaded completely - live dash and post-live m3u8)
+* `formats`: Change the types of formats to return. `dashy` (convert HTTP to DASH), `duplicate` (identical content but different URLs or protocol; includes `dashy`), `incomplete` (cannot be downloaded completely - live dash and post-live m3u8), `missing_pot` (include formats that require a PO Token but are missing one)
 * `innertube_host`: Innertube API host to use for all API requests; e.g. `studio.youtube.com`, `youtubei.googleapis.com`. Note that cookies exported from one subdomain will not work on others
 * `innertube_key`: Innertube API key to use for all API requests. By default, no API key is used
 * `raise_incomplete_data`: `Incomplete Data Received` raises an error instead of reporting a warning
+* `data_sync_id`: Overrides the account Data Sync ID used in Innertube API requests. This may be needed if you are using an account with `youtube:player_skip=webpage,configs` or `youtubetab:skip=webpage`
+* `visitor_data`: Overrides the Visitor Data used in Innertube API requests. This should be used with `player_skip=webpage,configs` and without cookies. Note: this may have adverse effects if used improperly. If a session from a browser is wanted, you should pass cookies instead (which contain the Visitor ID)
+* `po_token`:  Proof of Origin (PO) Token(s) to use. Comma seperated list of PO Tokens in the format `CLIENT.CONTEXT+PO_TOKEN`, e.g. `youtube:po_token=web.gvs+XXX,web.player=XXX,web_safari.gvs+YYY`. Context can be either `gvs` (Google Video Server URLs) or `player` (Innertube player request)
+* `player_js_variant`: The player javascript variant to use for signature and nsig deciphering. The known variants are: `main`, `tce`, `tv`, `tv_es6`, `phone`, `tablet`. Only `main` is recommended as a possible workaround; the others are for debugging purposes. The default is to use what is prescribed by the site, and can be selected with `actual`
 
 #### youtubetab (YouTube playlists, channels, feeds, etc.)
 * `skip`: One or more of `webpage` (skip initial webpage download), `authcheck` (allow the download of playlists requiring authentication when no initial webpage is downloaded. This may cause unwanted behavior, see [#1122](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/1122) for more details)
@@ -1788,13 +1794,7 @@ #### generic
 * `key_query`: Passthrough the master m3u8 URL query to its HLS AES-128 decryption key URI if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `key_query=VALUE`. Note that this will have no effect if the key URI is provided via the `hls_key` extractor-arg. Does not apply to ffmpeg
 * `hls_key`: An HLS AES-128 key URI *or* key (as hex), and optionally the IV (as hex), in the form of `(URI|KEY)[,IV]`; e.g. `generic:hls_key=ABCDEF1234567980,0xFEDCBA0987654321`. Passing any of these values will force usage of the native HLS downloader and override the corresponding values found in the m3u8 playlist
 * `is_live`: Bypass live HLS detection and manually set `live_status` - a value of `false` will set `not_live`, any other value (or no value) will set `is_live`
-
-#### funimation
-* `language`: Audio languages to extract, e.g. `funimation:language=english,japanese`
-* `version`: The video version to extract - `uncut` or `simulcast`
-
-#### crunchyrollbeta (Crunchyroll)
-* `hardsub`: One or more hardsub versions to extract (in order of preference), or `all` (default: `None` = no hardsubs will be extracted), e.g. `crunchyrollbeta:hardsub=en-US,de-DE`
+* `impersonate`: Target(s) to try and impersonate with the initial webpage request; e.g. `generic:impersonate=safari,chrome-110`. Use `generic:impersonate` to impersonate any available target, and use `generic:impersonate=false` to disable impersonation (default)
 
 #### vikichannel
 * `video_types`: Types of videos to download - one or more of `episodes`, `movies`, `clips`, `trailers`
@@ -1813,6 +1813,9 @@ #### hotstar
 * `vcodec`: vcodec to ignore - one or more of `h264`, `h265`, `dvh265`
 * `dr`: dynamic range to ignore - one or more of `sdr`, `hdr10`, `dv`
 
+#### instagram
+* `app_id`: The value of the `X-IG-App-ID` header used for API requests. Default is the web app ID, `936619743392459`
+
 #### niconicochannelplus
 * `max_comments`: Maximum number of comments to extract - default is `120`
 
@@ -1853,7 +1856,7 @@ #### afreecatvlive
 * `cdn`: One or more CDN IDs to use with the API call for stream URLs, e.g. `gcp_cdn`, `gs_cdn_pc_app`, `gs_cdn_mobile_web`, `gs_cdn_pc_web`
 
 #### soundcloud
-* `formats`: Formats to request from the API. Requested values should be in the format of `{protocol}_{extension}` (omitting the bitrate), e.g. `hls_opus,http_aac`. The `*` character functions as a wildcard, e.g. `*_mp3`, and can be passed by itself to request all formats. Known protocols include `http`, `hls` and `hls-aes`; known extensions include `aac`, `opus` and `mp3`. Original `download` formats are always extracted. Default is `http_aac,hls_aac,http_opus,hls_opus,http_mp3,hls_mp3`
+* `formats`: Formats to request from the API. Requested values should be in the format of `{protocol}_{codec}`, e.g. `hls_opus,http_aac`. The `*` character functions as a wildcard, e.g. `*_mp3`, and can be passed by itself to request all formats. Known protocols include `http`, `hls` and `hls-aes`; known codecs include `aac`, `opus` and `mp3`. Original `download` formats are always extracted. Default is `http_aac,hls_aac,http_opus,hls_opus,http_mp3,hls_mp3`
 
 #### orfon (orf:on)
 * `prefer_segments_playlist`: Prefer a playlist of program segments instead of a single complete video when available. If individual segments are desired, use `--concat-playlist never --extractor-args "orfon:prefer_segments_playlist"`
@@ -1861,8 +1864,11 @@ #### orfon (orf:on)
 #### bilibili
 * `prefer_multi_flv`: Prefer extracting flv formats over mp4 for older videos that still provide legacy formats
 
-#### digitalconcerthall
-* `prefer_combined_hls`: Prefer extracting combined/pre-merged video and audio HLS formats. This will exclude 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio formats, which are only available as split video/audio HLS formats
+#### sonylivseries
+* `sort_order`: Episode sort order for series extraction - one of `asc` (ascending, oldest first) or `desc` (descending, newest first). Default is `asc`
+
+#### tver
+* `backend`: Backend API to use for extraction - one of `streaks` (default) or `brightcove` (deprecated)
 
 **Note**: These options may be changed/removed in the future without concern for backward compatibility
 
@@ -1890,6 +1896,7 @@ # PLUGINS
                 myplugin.py
 
 yt-dlp looks for these `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folders in many locations (see below) and loads in plugins from **all** of them.
+Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS` to something nonempty to disable loading plugins entirely.
 
 See the [wiki for some known plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Plugins)
 
@@ -1917,7 +1924,7 @@ ## Installing Plugins
     * Plugin packages can be installed and managed using `pip`. See [yt-dlp-sample-plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-sample-plugins) for an example.
       * Note: plugin files between plugin packages installed with pip must have unique filenames.
     * Any path in `PYTHONPATH` is searched in for the `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folder.
-      * Note: This does not apply for Pyinstaller/py2exe builds.
+      * Note: This does not apply for Pyinstaller builds.
 
 
 `.zip`, `.egg` and `.whl` archives containing a `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folder in their root are also supported as plugin packages.
@@ -2151,9 +2158,9 @@ ### New features
 * **YouTube improvements**:
     * Supports Clips, Stories (`ytstories:<channel UCID>`), Search (including filters)**\***, YouTube Music Search, Channel-specific search, Search prefixes (`ytsearch:`, `ytsearchdate:`)**\***, Mixes, and Feeds (`:ytfav`, `:ytwatchlater`, `:ytsubs`, `:ythistory`, `:ytrec`, `:ytnotif`)
     * Fix for [n-sig based throttling](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/29326) **\***
-    * Supports some (but not all) age-gated content without cookies
     * Download livestreams from the start using `--live-from-start` (*experimental*)
     * Channel URLs download all uploads of the channel, including shorts and live
+    * Support for [logging in with OAuth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#logging-in-with-oauth)
 
 * **Cookies from browser**: Cookies can be automatically extracted from all major web browsers using `--cookies-from-browser BROWSER[+KEYRING][:PROFILE][::CONTAINER]`
 
@@ -2177,9 +2184,9 @@ ### New features
 
 * **Output template improvements**: Output templates can now have date-time formatting, numeric offsets, object traversal etc. See [output template](#output-template) for details. Even more advanced operations can also be done with the help of `--parse-metadata` and `--replace-in-metadata`
 
-* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--alias`, `--print`, `--concat-playlist`, `--wait-for-video`, `--retry-sleep`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-match-filter` etc
+* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--alias`, `--print`, `--concat-playlist`, `--wait-for-video`, `--retry-sleep`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-match-filters` etc
 
-* **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--format`/`--match-filter`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio, multiple `--config-locations`, `--exec` at different stages, etc
+* **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--format`/`--match-filters`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio, multiple `--config-locations`, `--exec` at different stages, etc
 
 * **Plugins**: Extractors and PostProcessors can be loaded from an external file. See [plugins](#plugins) for details
 
@@ -2195,12 +2202,12 @@ ### Differences in default behavior
 
 Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtube-dlc:
 
-* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.8+](## "Windows 7"), and *may* remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
+* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.9+](## "Windows 8"), and will remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
 * The options `--auto-number` (`-A`), `--title` (`-t`) and `--literal` (`-l`), no longer work. See [removed options](#Removed) for details
 * `avconv` is not supported as an alternative to `ffmpeg`
 * yt-dlp stores config files in slightly different locations to youtube-dl. See [CONFIGURATION](#configuration) for a list of correct locations
 * The default [output template](#output-template) is `%(title)s [%(id)s].%(ext)s`. There is no real reason for this change. This was changed before yt-dlp was ever made public and now there are no plans to change it back to `%(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s`. Instead, you may use `--compat-options filename`
-* The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order
+* The default [format sorting](#sorting-formats) is different from youtube-dl and prefers higher resolution and better codecs rather than higher bitrates. You can use the `--format-sort` option to change this to any order you prefer, or use `--compat-options format-sort` to use youtube-dl's sorting order. Older versions of yt-dlp preferred VP9 due to its broader compatibility; you can use `--compat-options prefer-vp9-sort` to revert to that format sorting preference. These two compat options cannot be used together
 * The default format selector is `bv*+ba/b`. This means that if a combined video + audio format that is better than the best video-only format is found, the former will be preferred. Use `-f bv+ba/b` or `--compat-options format-spec` to revert this
 * Unlike youtube-dlc, yt-dlp does not allow merging multiple audio/video streams into one file by default (since this conflicts with the use of `-f bv*+ba`). If needed, this feature must be enabled using `--audio-multistreams` and `--video-multistreams`. You can also use `--compat-options multistreams` to enable both
 * `--no-abort-on-error` is enabled by default. Use `--abort-on-error` or `--compat-options abort-on-error` to abort on errors instead
@@ -2212,7 +2219,7 @@ ### Differences in default behavior
 * Live chats (if available) are considered as subtitles. Use `--sub-langs all,-live_chat` to download all subtitles except live chat. You can also use `--compat-options no-live-chat` to prevent any live chat/danmaku from downloading
 * YouTube channel URLs download all uploads of the channel. To download only the videos in a specific tab, pass the tab's URL. If the channel does not show the requested tab, an error will be raised. Also, `/live` URLs raise an error if there are no live videos instead of silently downloading the entire channel. You may use `--compat-options no-youtube-channel-redirect` to revert all these redirections
 * Unavailable videos are also listed for YouTube playlists. Use `--compat-options no-youtube-unavailable-videos` to remove this
-* The upload dates extracted from YouTube are in UTC [when available](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/89e4d86171c7b7c997c77d4714542e0383bf0db0/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L3898-L3900). Use `--compat-options no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date` to prefer the non-UTC upload date.
+* The upload dates extracted from YouTube are in UTC.
 * If `ffmpeg` is used as the downloader, the downloading and merging of formats happen in a single step when possible. Use `--compat-options no-direct-merge` to revert this
 * Thumbnail embedding in `mp4` is done with mutagen if possible. Use `--compat-options embed-thumbnail-atomicparsley` to force the use of AtomicParsley instead
 * Some internal metadata such as filenames are removed by default from the infojson. Use `--no-clean-infojson` or `--compat-options no-clean-infojson` to revert this
@@ -2220,7 +2227,7 @@ ### Differences in default behavior
 * `certifi` will be used for SSL root certificates, if installed. If you want to use system certificates (e.g. self-signed), use `--compat-options no-certifi`
 * yt-dlp's sanitization of invalid characters in filenames is different/smarter than in youtube-dl. You can use `--compat-options filename-sanitization` to revert to youtube-dl's behavior
 * ~~yt-dlp tries to parse the external downloader outputs into the standard progress output if possible (Currently implemented: [aria2c](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5931)). You can use `--compat-options no-external-downloader-progress` to get the downloader output as-is~~
-* yt-dlp versions between 2021.09.01 and 2023.01.02 applies `--match-filter` to nested playlists. This was an unintentional side-effect of [8f18ac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f18aca8717bb0dd49054555af8d386e5eda3a88) and is fixed in [d7b460](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7b460d0e5fc710950582baed2e3fc616ed98a80). Use `--compat-options playlist-match-filter` to revert this
+* yt-dlp versions between 2021.09.01 and 2023.01.02 applies `--match-filters` to nested playlists. This was an unintentional side-effect of [8f18ac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f18aca8717bb0dd49054555af8d386e5eda3a88) and is fixed in [d7b460](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7b460d0e5fc710950582baed2e3fc616ed98a80). Use `--compat-options playlist-match-filter` to revert this
 * yt-dlp versions between 2021.11.10 and 2023.06.21 estimated `filesize_approx` values for fragmented/manifest formats. This was added for convenience in [f2fe69](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2fe69c7b0d208bdb1f6292b4ae92bc1e1a7444a), but was reverted in [0dff8e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0dff8e4d1e6e9fb938f4256ea9af7d81f42fd54f) due to the potentially extreme inaccuracy of the estimated values. Use `--compat-options manifest-filesize-approx` to keep extracting the estimated values
 * yt-dlp uses modern http client backends such as `requests`. Use `--compat-options prefer-legacy-http-handler` to prefer the legacy http handler (`urllib`) to be used for standard http requests.
 * The sub-modules `swfinterp`, `casefold` are removed.
@@ -2229,11 +2236,12 @@ ### Differences in default behavior
 For ease of use, a few more compat options are available:
 
 * `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options (**Do NOT use this!**)
-* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext`
-* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext`
-* `--compat-options 2021`: Same as `--compat-options 2022,no-certifi,filename-sanitization,no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext,-prefer-vp9-sort`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext,-prefer-vp9-sort`
+* `--compat-options 2021`: Same as `--compat-options 2022,no-certifi,filename-sanitization`
 * `--compat-options 2022`: Same as `--compat-options 2023,playlist-match-filter,no-external-downloader-progress,prefer-legacy-http-handler,manifest-filesize-approx`
-* `--compat-options 2023`: Currently does nothing. Use this to enable all future compat options
+* `--compat-options 2023`: Same as `--compat-options 2024,prefer-vp9-sort`
+* `--compat-options 2024`: Currently does nothing. Use this to enable all future compat options
 
 The following compat options restore vulnerable behavior from before security patches:
 
@@ -2266,13 +2274,13 @@ #### Redundant options
     --get-thumbnail                  --print thumbnail
     -e, --get-title                  --print title
     -g, --get-url                    --print urls
-    --match-title REGEX              --match-filter "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
-    --reject-title REGEX             --match-filter "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
-    --min-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count >=? COUNT"
-    --max-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count <=? COUNT"
-    --break-on-reject                Use --break-match-filter
-    --user-agent UA                  --add-header "User-Agent:UA"
-    --referer URL                    --add-header "Referer:URL"
+    --match-title REGEX              --match-filters "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
+    --reject-title REGEX             --match-filters "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
+    --min-views COUNT                --match-filters "view_count >=? COUNT"
+    --max-views COUNT                --match-filters "view_count <=? COUNT"
+    --break-on-reject                Use --break-match-filters
+    --user-agent UA                  --add-headers "User-Agent:UA"
+    --referer URL                    --add-headers "Referer:URL"
     --playlist-start NUMBER          -I NUMBER:
     --playlist-end NUMBER            -I :NUMBER
     --playlist-reverse               -I ::-1
diff --git a/bundle/py2exe.py b/bundle/py2exe.py
deleted file mode 100755
index 5b7f4883b..000000000
--- a/bundle/py2exe.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-# Allow execution from anywhere
-import os
-import sys
-
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-
-import warnings
-
-from py2exe import freeze
-
-from devscripts.utils import read_version
-
-VERSION = read_version()
-
-
-def main():
-    warnings.warn(
-        'py2exe builds do not support pycryptodomex and needs VC++14 to run. '
-        'It is recommended to run "pyinst.py" to build using pyinstaller instead')
-
-    freeze(
-        console=[{
-            'script': './yt_dlp/__main__.py',
-            'dest_base': 'yt-dlp',
-            'icon_resources': [(1, 'devscripts/logo.ico')],
-        }],
-        version_info={
-            'version': VERSION,
-            'description': 'A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader',
-            'comments': 'Official repository: <https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp>',
-            'product_name': 'yt-dlp',
-            'product_version': VERSION,
-        },
-        options={
-            'bundle_files': 0,
-            'compressed': 1,
-            'optimize': 2,
-            'dist_dir': './dist',
-            'excludes': [
-                # py2exe cannot import Crypto
-                'Crypto',
-                'Cryptodome',
-                # requests >=2.32.0 breaks py2exe builds due to certifi dependency
-                'requests',
-                'urllib3',
-            ],
-            'dll_excludes': ['w9xpopen.exe', 'crypt32.dll'],
-            # Modules that are only imported dynamically must be added here
-            'includes': ['yt_dlp.compat._legacy', 'yt_dlp.compat._deprecated',
-                         'yt_dlp.utils._legacy', 'yt_dlp.utils._deprecated'],
-        },
-        zipfile=None,
-    )
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
diff --git a/devscripts/changelog_override.json b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
index 5189de2d7..8aa7b7e2b 100644
--- a/devscripts/changelog_override.json
+++ b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
@@ -185,5 +185,65 @@
         "action": "add",
         "when": "6075a029dba70a89675ae1250e7cdfd91f0eba41",
         "short": "[priority] Security: [[ie/douyutv] Do not use dangerous javascript source/URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-3v33-3wmw-3785)\n    - A dependency on potentially malicious third-party JavaScript code has been removed from the Douyu extractors"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "fb8b7f226d251e521a89b23c415e249e5b788e5c",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.9**\nSince Python 3.8 will reach end-of-life in October 2024, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "b31b81d85f00601710d4fac590c3e4efb4133283",
+        "short": "[ci] Rerun failed tests (#11143)",
+        "authors": ["Grub4K"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609",
+        "short": "[priority] **py2exe is no longer supported**\nThis release's `yt-dlp_min.exe` will be the last, and it's actually a PyInstaller-bundled executable so that yt-dlp users updating their py2exe build with `-U` will be automatically migrated. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10087)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609",
+        "short": "[priority] **Following this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**\nIf you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "87884f15580910e4e0fe0e1db73508debc657471",
+        "short": "[priority] **Beginning with this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**\nIf you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "d784464399b600ba9516bbcec6286f11d68974dd",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *required* Python version has been raised to 3.9**\nPython 3.8 reached its end-of-life on 2024.10.07, and yt-dlp has now removed support for it. As an unfortunate side effect, the official `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_x86.exe` binaries are no longer supported on Windows 7. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "914af9a0cf51c9a3f74aa88d952bee8334c67511",
+        "short": "Expand paths in `--plugin-dirs` (#11334)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "c29f5a7fae93a08f3cfbb6127b2faa75145b06a0",
+        "short": "[ie/generic] Do not impersonate by default (#11336)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "57212a5f97ce367590aaa5c3e9a135eead8f81f7",
+        "short": "[ie/vimeo] Fix API retries (#11351)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "52c0ffe40ad6e8404d93296f575007b05b04c686",
+        "short": "[priority] **Login with OAuth is no longer supported for YouTube**\nDue to a change made by the site, yt-dlp is no longer able to support OAuth login for YouTube. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11462#issuecomment-2471703090)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "76ac023ff02f06e8c003d104f02a03deeddebdcd",
+        "short": "[ie/youtube:tab] Improve shorts title extraction (#11997)",
+        "authors": ["bashonly", "d3d9"]
     }
 ]
diff --git a/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py b/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py
index 7f3c88bcf..73cf803b8 100644
--- a/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py
+++ b/devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py
@@ -11,13 +11,12 @@
 import subprocess
 
 from yt_dlp.aes import aes_encrypt, key_expansion
-from yt_dlp.utils import intlist_to_bytes
 
 secret_msg = b'Secret message goes here'
 
 
 def hex_str(int_list):
-    return codecs.encode(intlist_to_bytes(int_list), 'hex')
+    return codecs.encode(bytes(int_list), 'hex')
 
 
 def openssl_encode(algo, key, iv):
diff --git a/devscripts/make_changelog.py b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
index 00634fb91..7c876101b 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_changelog.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
@@ -71,14 +71,13 @@ def group_lookup(cls):
     def get(cls, value: str) -> tuple[CommitGroup | None, str | None]:
         group, _, subgroup = (group.strip().lower() for group in value.partition('/'))
 
-        result = cls.group_lookup().get(group)
-        if not result:
-            if subgroup:
-                return None, value
-            subgroup = group
-            result = cls.subgroup_lookup().get(subgroup)
+        if result := cls.group_lookup().get(group):
+            return result, subgroup or None
 
-        return result, subgroup or None
+        if subgroup:
+            return None, value
+
+        return cls.subgroup_lookup().get(group), group or None
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -136,8 +135,7 @@ def _format_groups(self, groups):
                 first = False
                 yield '\n<details><summary><h3>Changelog</h3></summary>\n'
 
-            group = groups[item]
-            if group:
+            if group := groups[item]:
                 yield self.format_module(item.value, group)
 
         if self._collapsible:
@@ -253,7 +251,7 @@ class CommitRange:
         ''', re.VERBOSE | re.DOTALL)
     EXTRACTOR_INDICATOR_RE = re.compile(r'(?:Fix|Add)\s+Extractors?', re.IGNORECASE)
     REVERT_RE = re.compile(r'(?:\[[^\]]+\]\s+)?(?i:Revert)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
-    FIXES_RE = re.compile(r'(?i:Fix(?:es)?(?:\s+bugs?)?(?:\s+in|\s+for)?|Revert|Improve)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
+    FIXES_RE = re.compile(r'(?i:(?:bug\s*)?fix(?:es)?(?:\s+bugs?)?(?:\s+in|\s+for)?|Improve)\s+([\da-f]{40})')
     UPSTREAM_MERGE_RE = re.compile(r'Update to ytdl-commit-([\da-f]+)')
 
     def __init__(self, start, end, default_author=None):
@@ -287,11 +285,16 @@ def _get_commits_and_fixes(self, default_author):
             short = next(lines)
             skip = short.startswith('Release ') or short == '[version] update'
 
+            fix_commitish = None
+            if match := self.FIXES_RE.search(short):
+                fix_commitish = match.group(1)
+
             authors = [default_author] if default_author else []
             for line in iter(lambda: next(lines), self.COMMIT_SEPARATOR):
-                match = self.AUTHOR_INDICATOR_RE.match(line)
-                if match:
+                if match := self.AUTHOR_INDICATOR_RE.match(line):
                     authors = sorted(map(str.strip, line[match.end():].split(',')), key=str.casefold)
+                if not fix_commitish and (match := self.FIXES_RE.fullmatch(line)):
+                    fix_commitish = match.group(1)
 
             commit = Commit(commit_hash, short, authors)
             if skip and (self._start or not i):
@@ -301,21 +304,17 @@ def _get_commits_and_fixes(self, default_author):
                 logger.debug(f'Reached Release commit, breaking: {commit}')
                 break
 
-            revert_match = self.REVERT_RE.fullmatch(commit.short)
-            if revert_match:
-                reverts[revert_match.group(1)] = commit
+            if match := self.REVERT_RE.fullmatch(commit.short):
+                reverts[match.group(1)] = commit
                 continue
 
-            fix_match = self.FIXES_RE.search(commit.short)
-            if fix_match:
-                commitish = fix_match.group(1)
-                fixes[commitish].append(commit)
+            if fix_commitish:
+                fixes[fix_commitish].append(commit)
 
             commits[commit.hash] = commit
 
         for commitish, revert_commit in reverts.items():
-            reverted = commits.pop(commitish, None)
-            if reverted:
+            if reverted := commits.pop(commitish, None):
                 logger.debug(f'{commitish} fully reverted {reverted}')
             else:
                 commits[revert_commit.hash] = revert_commit
@@ -461,8 +460,7 @@ def create_changelog(args):
 
     logger.info(f'Loaded {len(commits)} commits')
 
-    new_contributors = get_new_contributors(args.contributors_path, commits)
-    if new_contributors:
+    if new_contributors := get_new_contributors(args.contributors_path, commits):
         if args.contributors:
             write_file(args.contributors_path, '\n'.join(new_contributors) + '\n', mode='a')
         logger.info(f'New contributors: {", ".join(new_contributors)}')
diff --git a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
index 8135689c7..110fcc245 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
@@ -11,11 +11,13 @@
 
 from devscripts.utils import get_filename_args, read_file, write_file
 
-VERBOSE_TMPL = '''
+VERBOSE = '''
   - type: checkboxes
     id: verbose
     attributes:
       label: Provide verbose output that clearly demonstrates the problem
+      description: |
+        This is mandatory unless absolutely impossible to provide. If you are unable to provide the output, please explain why.
       options:
         - label: Run **your** yt-dlp command with **-vU** flag added (`yt-dlp -vU <your command line>`)
           required: true
@@ -32,45 +34,38 @@
       placeholder: |
         [debug] Command-line config: ['-vU', 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc']
         [debug] Encodings: locale cp65001, fs utf-8, pref cp65001, out utf-8, error utf-8, screen utf-8
-        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp [b634ba742] (win_exe)
-        [debug] Python 3.8.10 (CPython 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.22000-SP0
-        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg N-106550-g072101bd52-20220410 (fdk,setts), ffprobe N-106624-g391ce570c8-20220415, phantomjs 2.1.1
-        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.15.0, brotli-1.0.9, certifi-2022.06.15, mutagen-1.45.1, sqlite3-2.6.0, websockets-10.3
+        [debug] yt-dlp version nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds [1a176d874] (win_exe)
+        [debug] Python 3.10.11 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0 (OpenSSL 1.1.1t  7 Feb 2023)
+        [debug] exe versions: ffmpeg 7.0.2 (setts), ffprobe 7.0.2
+        [debug] Optional libraries: Cryptodome-3.21.0, brotli-1.1.0, certifi-2024.08.30, curl_cffi-0.5.10, mutagen-1.47.0, requests-2.32.3, sqlite3-3.40.1, urllib3-2.2.3, websockets-13.1
         [debug] Proxy map: {}
-        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests
-        [debug] Loaded 1893 extractors
-        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds/releases/latest
+        [debug] Request Handlers: urllib, requests, websockets, curl_cffi
+        [debug] Loaded 1838 extractors
+        [debug] Fetching release info: https://api.github.com/repos/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest
+        Latest version: nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds
         yt-dlp is up to date (nightly@... from yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds)
         [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
         <more lines>
       render: shell
     validations:
       required: true
-  - type: markdown
-    attributes:
-      value: |
-        > [!CAUTION]
-        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
-        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
-        >
-        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
 '''.strip()
 
 NO_SKIP = '''
-  - type: checkboxes
+  - type: markdown
     attributes:
-      label: DO NOT REMOVE OR SKIP THE ISSUE TEMPLATE
-      description: Fill all fields even if you think it is irrelevant for the issue
-      options:
-        - label: I understand that I will be **blocked** if I *intentionally* remove or skip any mandatory\\* field
-          required: true
+      value: |
+        > [!IMPORTANT]
+        > Not providing the required (*) information or removing the template will result in your issue being closed and ignored.
 '''.strip()
 
 
 def main():
-    fields = {'no_skip': NO_SKIP}
-    fields['verbose'] = VERBOSE_TMPL % fields
-    fields['verbose_optional'] = re.sub(r'(\n\s+validations:)?\n\s+required: true', '', fields['verbose'])
+    fields = {
+        'no_skip': NO_SKIP,
+        'verbose': VERBOSE,
+        'verbose_optional': re.sub(r'(\n\s+validations:)?\n\s+required: true', '', VERBOSE),
+    }
 
     infile, outfile = get_filename_args(has_infile=True)
     write_file(outfile, read_file(infile) % fields)
diff --git a/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py b/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
index d74ea202f..0ce773e82 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
-import shutil
 import sys
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
@@ -11,6 +10,9 @@
 from inspect import getsource
 
 from devscripts.utils import get_filename_args, read_file, write_file
+from yt_dlp.extractor import import_extractors
+from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
+from yt_dlp.globals import extractors
 
 NO_ATTR = object()
 STATIC_CLASS_PROPERTIES = [
@@ -34,17 +36,12 @@ class {name}({bases}):
 
 
 def main():
+    os.environ['YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS'] = 'true'
+    os.environ['YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'] = 'true'
+
     lazy_extractors_filename = get_filename_args(default_outfile='yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py')
-    if os.path.exists(lazy_extractors_filename):
-        os.remove(lazy_extractors_filename)
 
-    _ALL_CLASSES = get_all_ies()  # Must be before import
-
-    import yt_dlp.plugins
-    from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
-
-    # Filter out plugins
-    _ALL_CLASSES = [cls for cls in _ALL_CLASSES if not cls.__module__.startswith(f'{yt_dlp.plugins.PACKAGE_NAME}.')]
+    import_extractors()
 
     DummyInfoExtractor = type('InfoExtractor', (InfoExtractor,), {'IE_NAME': NO_ATTR})
     module_src = '\n'.join((
@@ -52,26 +49,12 @@ def main():
         '    _module = None',
         *extra_ie_code(DummyInfoExtractor),
         '\nclass LazyLoadSearchExtractor(LazyLoadExtractor):\n    pass\n',
-        *build_ies(_ALL_CLASSES, (InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor), DummyInfoExtractor),
+        *build_ies(list(extractors.value.values()), (InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor), DummyInfoExtractor),
     ))
 
     write_file(lazy_extractors_filename, f'{module_src}\n')
 
 
-def get_all_ies():
-    PLUGINS_DIRNAME = 'ytdlp_plugins'
-    BLOCKED_DIRNAME = f'{PLUGINS_DIRNAME}_blocked'
-    if os.path.exists(PLUGINS_DIRNAME):
-        # os.rename cannot be used, e.g. in Docker. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/4958
-        shutil.move(PLUGINS_DIRNAME, BLOCKED_DIRNAME)
-    try:
-        from yt_dlp.extractor.extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
-    finally:
-        if os.path.exists(BLOCKED_DIRNAME):
-            shutil.move(BLOCKED_DIRNAME, PLUGINS_DIRNAME)
-    return _ALL_CLASSES
-
-
 def extra_ie_code(ie, base=None):
     for var in STATIC_CLASS_PROPERTIES:
         val = getattr(ie, var)
@@ -92,7 +75,7 @@ def build_ies(ies, bases, attr_base):
         if ie in ies:
             names.append(ie.__name__)
 
-    yield f'\n_ALL_CLASSES = [{", ".join(names)}]'
+    yield '\n_CLASS_LOOKUP = {%s}' % ', '.join(f'{name!r}: {name}' for name in names)
 
 
 def sort_ies(ies, ignored_bases):
diff --git a/devscripts/make_supportedsites.py b/devscripts/make_supportedsites.py
index 01548ef97..145f6d47f 100644
--- a/devscripts/make_supportedsites.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_supportedsites.py
@@ -10,10 +10,21 @@
 from devscripts.utils import get_filename_args, write_file
 from yt_dlp.extractor import list_extractor_classes
 
+TEMPLATE = '''\
+# Supported sites
+
+Below is a list of all extractors that are currently included with yt-dlp.
+If a site is not listed here, it might still be supported by yt-dlp's embed extraction or generic extractor.
+Not all sites listed here are guaranteed to work; websites are constantly changing and sometimes this breaks yt-dlp's support for them.
+The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
+
+{ie_list}
+'''
+
 
 def main():
     out = '\n'.join(ie.description() for ie in list_extractor_classes() if ie.IE_DESC is not False)
-    write_file(get_filename_args(), f'# Supported sites\n{out}\n')
+    write_file(get_filename_args(), TEMPLATE.format(ie_list=out))
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
diff --git a/devscripts/run_tests.py b/devscripts/run_tests.py
index c605aa62c..ebb3500b6 100755
--- a/devscripts/run_tests.py
+++ b/devscripts/run_tests.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 def parse_args():
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run selected yt-dlp tests')
     parser.add_argument(
-        'test', help='a extractor tests, or one of "core" or "download"', nargs='*')
+        'test', help='an extractor test, test path, or one of "core" or "download"', nargs='*')
     parser.add_argument(
         '-k', help='run a test matching EXPRESSION. Same as "pytest -k"', metavar='EXPRESSION')
     parser.add_argument(
@@ -25,9 +25,9 @@ def parse_args():
 
 
 def run_tests(*tests, pattern=None, ci=False):
-    run_core = 'core' in tests or (not pattern and not tests)
+    # XXX: hatch uses `tests` if no arguments are passed
+    run_core = 'core' in tests or 'tests' in tests or (not pattern and not tests)
     run_download = 'download' in tests
-    tests = list(map(fix_test_name, tests))
 
     pytest_args = args.pytest_args or os.getenv('HATCH_TEST_ARGS', '')
     arguments = ['pytest', '-Werror', '--tb=short', *shlex.split(pytest_args)]
@@ -41,7 +41,9 @@ def run_tests(*tests, pattern=None, ci=False):
         arguments.extend(['-m', 'download'])
     else:
         arguments.extend(
-            f'test/test_download.py::TestDownload::test_{test}' for test in tests)
+            test if '/' in test
+            else f'test/test_download.py::TestDownload::test_{fix_test_name(test)}'
+            for test in tests)
 
     print(f'Running {arguments}', flush=True)
     try:
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index fe6894a42..5e987a6fd 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ maintainers = [
 ]
 description = "A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader"
 readme = "README.md"
-requires-python = ">=3.8"
+requires-python = ">=3.9"
 keywords = [
     "youtube-dl",
     "video-downloader",
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ classifiers = [
     "Environment :: Console",
     "Programming Language :: Python",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3 :: Only",
-    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.8",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
     "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
@@ -41,7 +41,10 @@ classifiers = [
     "Operating System :: OS Independent",
 ]
 dynamic = ["version"]
-dependencies = [
+dependencies = []
+
+[project.optional-dependencies]
+default = [
     "brotli; implementation_name=='cpython'",
     "brotlicffi; implementation_name!='cpython'",
     "certifi",
@@ -51,12 +54,8 @@ dependencies = [
     "urllib3>=1.26.17,<3",
     "websockets>=13.0",
 ]
-
-[project.optional-dependencies]
-default = []
 curl-cffi = [
-    "curl-cffi==0.5.10; os_name=='nt' and implementation_name=='cpython'",
-    "curl-cffi>=0.5.10,!=0.6.*,<0.8; os_name!='nt' and implementation_name=='cpython'",
+    "curl-cffi>=0.5.10,!=0.6.*,!=0.7.*,!=0.8.*,!=0.9.*,<0.11; implementation_name=='cpython'",
 ]
 secretstorage = [
     "cffi",
@@ -76,16 +75,14 @@ dev = [
 ]
 static-analysis = [
     "autopep8~=2.0",
-    "ruff~=0.5.0",
+    "ruff~=0.11.0",
 ]
 test = [
     "pytest~=8.1",
+    "pytest-rerunfailures~=14.0",
 ]
 pyinstaller = [
-    "pyinstaller>=6.7.0",  # for compat with setuptools>=70
-]
-py2exe = [
-    "py2exe>=0.12",
+    "pyinstaller>=6.11.1",  # Windows temp cleanup fixed in 6.11.1
 ]
 
 [project.urls]
@@ -162,7 +159,6 @@ lint-fix = "ruff check --fix {args:.}"
 features = ["test"]
 dependencies = [
     "pytest-randomly~=3.15",
-    "pytest-rerunfailures~=14.0",
     "pytest-xdist[psutil]~=3.5",
 ]
 
@@ -172,13 +168,11 @@ run-cov = "echo Code coverage not implemented && exit 1"
 
 [[tool.hatch.envs.hatch-test.matrix]]
 python = [
-    "3.8",
     "3.9",
     "3.10",
     "3.11",
     "3.12",
-    "pypy3.8",
-    "pypy3.9",
+    "3.13",
     "pypy3.10",
 ]
 
@@ -191,6 +185,7 @@ ignore = [
     "E501",    # line-too-long
     "E731",    # lambda-assignment
     "E741",    # ambiguous-variable-name
+    "UP031",   # printf-string-formatting
     "UP036",   # outdated-version-block
     "B006",    # mutable-argument-default
     "B008",    # function-call-in-default-argument
@@ -199,6 +194,7 @@ ignore = [
     "B023",    # function-uses-loop-variable (false positives)
     "B028",    # no-explicit-stacklevel
     "B904",    # raise-without-from-inside-except
+    "A005",    # stdlib-module-shadowing
     "C401",    # unnecessary-generator-set
     "C402",    # unnecessary-generator-dict
     "PIE790",  # unnecessary-placeholder
@@ -263,9 +259,6 @@ select = [
     "A002",   # builtin-argument-shadowing
     "C408",   # unnecessary-collection-call
 ]
-"yt_dlp/jsinterp.py" = [
-    "UP031",  # printf-string-formatting
-]
 
 [tool.ruff.lint.isort]
 known-first-party = [
@@ -318,6 +311,16 @@ banned-from = [
 "yt_dlp.compat.compat_urllib_parse_urlparse".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.urlparse` instead."
 "yt_dlp.compat.compat_shlex_quote".msg = "Use `yt_dlp.utils.shell_quote` instead."
 "yt_dlp.utils.error_to_compat_str".msg = "Use `str` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.bytes_to_intlist".msg = "Use `list` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.intlist_to_bytes".msg = "Use `bytes` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.decodeArgument".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.utils.decodeFilename".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.utils.encodeFilename".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_os_name".msg = "Use `os.name` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_realpath".msg = "Use `os.path.realpath` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.functools".msg = "Use `functools` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.decodeOption".msg = "Do not use"
+"yt_dlp.utils.compiled_regex_type".msg = "Use `re.Pattern` instead."
 
 [tool.autopep8]
 max_line_length = 120
@@ -380,9 +383,14 @@ select = [
     "W391",
     "W504",
 ]
+exclude = "*/extractor/lazy_extractors.py,*venv*,*/test/testdata/sigs/player-*.js,.idea,.vscode"
 
 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
-addopts = "-ra -v --strict-markers"
+addopts = [
+    "-ra",  # summary: all except passed
+    "--verbose",
+    "--strict-markers",
+]
 markers = [
     "download",
 ]
diff --git a/setup.cfg b/setup.cfg
index 340cc3b4d..20d40cd30 100644
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ remove-unused-variables = true
 
 [tox:tox]
 skipsdist = true
-envlist = py{38,39,310,311,312},pypy{38,39,310}
+envlist = py{39,310,311,312,313},pypy310
 skip_missing_interpreters = true
 
 [testenv]  # tox
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ setenv =
 
 
 [isort]
-py_version = 38
+py_version = 39
 multi_line_output = VERTICAL_HANGING_INDENT
 line_length = 80
 reverse_relative = true
diff --git a/supportedsites.md b/supportedsites.md
index e3bbe03ec..44c6ef5a1 100644
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@@ -1,6 +1,13 @@
 # Supported sites
+
+Below is a list of all extractors that are currently included with yt-dlp.
+If a site is not listed here, it might still be supported by yt-dlp's embed extraction or generic extractor.
+Not all sites listed here are guaranteed to work; websites are constantly changing and sometimes this breaks yt-dlp's support for them.
+The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
+
  - **17live**
  - **17live:clip**
+ - **17live:vod**
  - **1News**: 1news.co.nz article videos
  - **1tv**: Первый канал
  - **20min**
@@ -45,10 +52,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **aenetworks:collection**
  - **aenetworks:show**
  - **AeonCo**
- - **afreecatv**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com
- - **afreecatv:catchstory**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com catch story
- - **afreecatv:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com livestreams
- - **afreecatv:user**
  - **AirTV**
  - **AitubeKZVideo**
  - **AliExpressLive**
@@ -133,6 +136,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Bandcamp:album**
  - **Bandcamp:user**
  - **Bandcamp:weekly**
+ - **Bandlab**
+ - **BandlabPlaylist**
  - **BannedVideo**
  - **bbc**: [*bbc*](## "netrc machine") BBC
  - **bbc.co.uk**: [*bbc*](## "netrc machine") BBC iPlayer
@@ -143,6 +148,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **BBVTV**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **BBVTVLive**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **BBVTVRecordings**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **BeaconTv**
  - **BeatBumpPlaylist**
  - **BeatBumpVideo**
  - **Beatport**
@@ -172,6 +178,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **BilibiliCheese**
  - **BilibiliCheeseSeason**
  - **BilibiliCollectionList**
+ - **BiliBiliDynamic**
  - **BilibiliFavoritesList**
  - **BiliBiliPlayer**
  - **BilibiliPlaylist**
@@ -193,7 +200,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **blerp**
  - **blogger.com**
  - **Bloomberg**
- - **BokeCC**
+ - **Bluesky**
+ - **BokeCC**: CC视频
  - **BongaCams**
  - **Boosty**
  - **BostonGlobe**
@@ -217,6 +225,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **bt:vestlendingen**: Bergens Tidende - Vestlendingen
  - **Bundesliga**
  - **Bundestag**
+ - **BunnyCdn**
  - **BusinessInsider**
  - **BuzzFeed**
  - **BYUtv**: (**Currently broken**)
@@ -235,6 +244,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **CanalAlpha**
  - **canalc2.tv**
  - **Canalplus**: mycanal.fr and piwiplus.fr
+ - **Canalsurmas**
  - **CaracolTvPlay**: [*caracoltv-play*](## "netrc machine")
  - **CartoonNetwork**
  - **cbc.ca**
@@ -250,9 +260,10 @@ # Supported sites
  - **cbsnews:livevideo**: CBS News Live Videos
  - **cbssports**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **cbssports:embed**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **CCMA**
+ - **CCMA**: 3Cat, TV3 and Catalunya Ràdio
  - **CCTV**: 央视网
  - **CDA**: [*cdapl*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **CDAFolder**
  - **Cellebrite**
  - **CeskaTelevize**
  - **CGTN**
@@ -282,8 +293,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **cmt.com**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **CNBCVideo**
  - **CNN**
- - **CNNArticle**
- - **CNNBlogs**
  - **CNNIndonesia**
  - **ComedyCentral**
  - **ComedyCentralTV**
@@ -304,10 +313,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **CrowdBunker**
  - **CrowdBunkerChannel**
  - **Crtvg**
- - **crunchyroll**: [*crunchyroll*](## "netrc machine")
- - **crunchyroll:artist**: [*crunchyroll*](## "netrc machine")
- - **crunchyroll:music**: [*crunchyroll*](## "netrc machine")
- - **crunchyroll:playlist**: [*crunchyroll*](## "netrc machine")
  - **CSpan**: C-SPAN
  - **CSpanCongress**
  - **CtsNews**: 華視新聞
@@ -318,7 +323,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **curiositystream**: [*curiositystream*](## "netrc machine")
  - **curiositystream:collections**: [*curiositystream*](## "netrc machine")
  - **curiositystream:series**: [*curiositystream*](## "netrc machine")
- - **CWTV**
+ - **cwtv**
+ - **cwtv:movie**
  - **Cybrary**: [*cybrary*](## "netrc machine")
  - **CybraryCourse**: [*cybrary*](## "netrc machine")
  - **DacastPlaylist**
@@ -342,8 +348,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **daystar:clip**
  - **DBTV**
  - **DctpTv**
- - **DeezerAlbum**
- - **DeezerPlaylist**
  - **democracynow**
  - **DestinationAmerica**
  - **DetikEmbed**
@@ -353,6 +357,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **DigitalConcertHall**: [*digitalconcerthall*](## "netrc machine") DigitalConcertHall extractor
  - **DigitallySpeaking**
  - **Digiteka**
+ - **Digiview**
  - **DiscogsReleasePlaylist**
  - **DiscoveryLife**
  - **DiscoveryNetworksDe**
@@ -375,6 +380,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Dropbox**
  - **Dropout**: [*dropout*](## "netrc machine")
  - **DropoutSeason**
+ - **DrTalks**
  - **DrTuber**
  - **drtv**
  - **drtv:live**
@@ -393,6 +399,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Ebay**
  - **egghead:course**: egghead.io course
  - **egghead:lesson**: egghead.io lesson
+ - **eggs:artist**
+ - **eggs:single**
  - **EinsUndEinsTV**: [*1und1tv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **EinsUndEinsTVLive**: [*1und1tv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **EinsUndEinsTVRecordings**: [*1und1tv*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -464,11 +472,12 @@ # Supported sites
  - **FoxNewsVideo**
  - **FoxSports**
  - **fptplay**: fptplay.vn
+ - **FrancaisFacile**
  - **FranceCulture**
  - **FranceInter**
- - **FranceTV**
+ - **francetv**
+ - **francetv:site**
  - **francetvinfo.fr**
- - **FranceTVSite**
  - **Freesound**
  - **freespeech.org**
  - **freetv:series**
@@ -477,9 +486,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **FrontendMastersCourse**: [*frontendmasters*](## "netrc machine")
  - **FrontendMastersLesson**: [*frontendmasters*](## "netrc machine")
  - **FujiTVFODPlus7**
- - **Funimation**: [*funimation*](## "netrc machine")
- - **funimation:page**: [*funimation*](## "netrc machine")
- - **funimation:show**: [*funimation*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Funk**
  - **Funker530**
  - **Fux**
@@ -487,6 +493,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Gab**
  - **GabTV**
  - **Gaia**: [*gaia*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **GameDevTVDashboard**: [*gamedevtv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **GameJolt**
  - **GameJoltCommunity**
  - **GameJoltGame**
@@ -502,9 +509,10 @@ # Supported sites
  - **GediDigital**
  - **gem.cbc.ca**: [*cbcgem*](## "netrc machine")
  - **gem.cbc.ca:live**
- - **gem.cbc.ca:playlist**
+ - **gem.cbc.ca:playlist**: [*cbcgem*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Genius**
  - **GeniusLyrics**
+ - **Germanupa**: germanupa.de
  - **GetCourseRu**: [*getcourseru*](## "netrc machine")
  - **GetCourseRuPlayer**
  - **Gettr**
@@ -580,6 +588,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **HungamaAlbumPlaylist**
  - **HungamaSong**
  - **huya:live**: huya.com
+ - **huya:video**: 虎牙视频
  - **Hypem**
  - **Hytale**
  - **Icareus**
@@ -602,10 +611,10 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Inc**
  - **IndavideoEmbed**
  - **InfoQ**
- - **Instagram**: [*instagram*](## "netrc machine")
- - **instagram:story**: [*instagram*](## "netrc machine")
- - **instagram:tag**: [*instagram*](## "netrc machine") Instagram hashtag search URLs
- - **instagram:user**: [*instagram*](## "netrc machine") Instagram user profile (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Instagram**
+ - **instagram:story**
+ - **instagram:tag**: Instagram hashtag search URLs
+ - **instagram:user**: Instagram user profile (**Currently broken**)
  - **InstagramIOS**: IOS instagram:// URL
  - **Internazionale**
  - **InternetVideoArchive**
@@ -652,7 +661,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Karaoketv**
  - **Katsomo**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **KelbyOne**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Ketnet**
+ - **Kenh14Playlist**
+ - **Kenh14Video**
  - **khanacademy**
  - **khanacademy:unit**
  - **kick:clips**
@@ -660,6 +670,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **kick:vod**
  - **Kicker**
  - **KickStarter**
+ - **Kika**: KiKA.de
  - **kinja:embed**
  - **KinoPoisk**
  - **Kommunetv**
@@ -684,9 +695,9 @@ # Supported sites
  - **LastFMPlaylist**
  - **LastFMUser**
  - **LaXarxaMes**: [*laxarxames*](## "netrc machine")
- - **lbry**
- - **lbry:channel**
- - **lbry:playlist**
+ - **lbry**: odysee.com
+ - **lbry:channel**: odysee.com channels
+ - **lbry:playlist**: odysee.com playlists
  - **LCI**
  - **Lcp**
  - **LcpPlay**
@@ -722,8 +733,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **livestream:original**
  - **Livestreamfails**
  - **Lnk**
- - **LnkGo**
  - **loc**: Library of Congress
+ - **Loco**
  - **loom**
  - **loom:folder**
  - **LoveHomePorn**
@@ -756,7 +767,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Masters**
  - **MatchTV**
  - **MBN**: mbn.co.kr (매일방송)
- - **MDR**: MDR.DE and KiKA
+ - **MDR**: MDR.DE
  - **MedalTV**
  - **media.ccc.de**
  - **media.ccc.de:lists**
@@ -785,10 +796,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **MicrosoftLearnSession**
  - **MicrosoftMedius**
  - **microsoftstream**: Microsoft Stream
- - **mildom**: Record ongoing live by specific user in Mildom
- - **mildom:clip**: Clip in Mildom
- - **mildom:​user:vod**: Download all VODs from specific user in Mildom
- - **mildom:vod**: VOD in Mildom
  - **minds**
  - **minds:channel**
  - **minds:group**
@@ -799,6 +806,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **MiTele**: mitele.es
  - **mixch**
  - **mixch:archive**
+ - **mixch:movie**
  - **mixcloud**
  - **mixcloud:playlist**
  - **mixcloud:user**
@@ -811,6 +819,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **MNetTVLive**: [*mnettv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **MNetTVRecordings**: [*mnettv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **MochaVideo**
+ - **Mojevideo**: mojevideo.sk
  - **Mojvideo**
  - **Monstercat**
  - **MonsterSirenHypergryphMusic**
@@ -820,11 +829,11 @@ # Supported sites
  - **MotherlessUploader**
  - **Motorsport**: motorsport.com (**Currently broken**)
  - **MovieFap**
- - **Moviepilot**
+ - **moviepilot**: Moviepilot trailer
  - **MoviewPlay**
  - **Moviezine**
  - **MovingImage**
- - **MSN**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **MSN**
  - **mtg**: MTG services
  - **mtv**
  - **mtv.de**: (**Currently broken**)
@@ -889,6 +898,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **nebula:video**: [*watchnebula*](## "netrc machine")
  - **NekoHacker**
  - **NerdCubedFeed**
+ - **Nest**
+ - **NestClip**
  - **netease:album**: 网易云音乐 - 专辑
  - **netease:djradio**: 网易云音乐 - 电台
  - **netease:mv**: 网易云音乐 - MV
@@ -1042,8 +1053,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Parler**: Posts on parler.com
  - **parliamentlive.tv**: UK parliament videos
  - **Parlview**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Patreon**
- - **PatreonCampaign**
+ - **patreon**
+ - **patreon:campaign**
  - **pbs**: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and member stations: PBS: Public Broadcasting Service, APT - Alabama Public Television (WBIQ), GPB/Georgia Public Broadcasting (WGTV), Mississippi Public Broadcasting (WMPN), Nashville Public Television (WNPT), WFSU-TV (WFSU), WSRE (WSRE), WTCI (WTCI), WPBA/Channel 30 (WPBA), Alaska Public Media (KAKM), Arizona PBS (KAET), KNME-TV/Channel 5 (KNME), Vegas PBS (KLVX), AETN/ARKANSAS ETV NETWORK (KETS), KET (WKLE), WKNO/Channel 10 (WKNO), LPB/LOUISIANA PUBLIC BROADCASTING (WLPB), OETA (KETA), Ozarks Public Television (KOZK), WSIU Public Broadcasting (WSIU), KEET TV (KEET), KIXE/Channel 9 (KIXE), KPBS San Diego (KPBS), KQED (KQED), KVIE Public Television (KVIE), PBS SoCal/KOCE (KOCE), ValleyPBS (KVPT), CONNECTICUT PUBLIC TELEVISION (WEDH), KNPB Channel 5 (KNPB), SOPTV (KSYS), Rocky Mountain PBS (KRMA), KENW-TV3 (KENW), KUED Channel 7 (KUED), Wyoming PBS (KCWC), Colorado Public Television / KBDI 12 (KBDI), KBYU-TV (KBYU), Thirteen/WNET New York (WNET), WGBH/Channel 2 (WGBH), WGBY (WGBY), NJTV Public Media NJ (WNJT), WLIW21 (WLIW), mpt/Maryland Public Television (WMPB), WETA Television and Radio (WETA), WHYY (WHYY), PBS 39 (WLVT), WVPT - Your Source for PBS and More! (WVPT), Howard University Television (WHUT), WEDU PBS (WEDU), WGCU Public Media (WGCU), WPBT2 (WPBT), WUCF TV (WUCF), WUFT/Channel 5 (WUFT), WXEL/Channel 42 (WXEL), WLRN/Channel 17 (WLRN), WUSF Public Broadcasting (WUSF), ETV (WRLK), UNC-TV (WUNC), PBS Hawaii - Oceanic Cable Channel 10 (KHET), Idaho Public Television (KAID), KSPS (KSPS), OPB (KOPB), KWSU/Channel 10 & KTNW/Channel 31 (KWSU), WILL-TV (WILL), Network Knowledge - WSEC/Springfield (WSEC), WTTW11 (WTTW), Iowa Public Television/IPTV (KDIN), Nine Network (KETC), PBS39 Fort Wayne (WFWA), WFYI Indianapolis (WFYI), Milwaukee Public Television (WMVS), WNIN (WNIN), WNIT Public Television (WNIT), WPT (WPNE), WVUT/Channel 22 (WVUT), WEIU/Channel 51 (WEIU), WQPT-TV (WQPT), WYCC PBS Chicago (WYCC), WIPB-TV (WIPB), WTIU (WTIU), CET  (WCET), ThinkTVNetwork (WPTD), WBGU-TV (WBGU), WGVU TV (WGVU), NET1 (KUON), Pioneer Public Television (KWCM), SDPB Television (KUSD), TPT (KTCA), KSMQ (KSMQ), KPTS/Channel 8 (KPTS), KTWU/Channel 11 (KTWU), East Tennessee PBS (WSJK), WCTE-TV (WCTE), WLJT, Channel 11 (WLJT), WOSU TV (WOSU), WOUB/WOUC (WOUB), WVPB (WVPB), WKYU-PBS (WKYU), KERA 13 (KERA), MPBN (WCBB), Mountain Lake PBS (WCFE), NHPTV (WENH), Vermont PBS (WETK), witf (WITF), WQED Multimedia (WQED), WMHT Educational Telecommunications (WMHT), Q-TV (WDCQ), WTVS Detroit Public TV (WTVS), CMU Public Television (WCMU), WKAR-TV (WKAR), WNMU-TV Public TV 13 (WNMU), WDSE - WRPT (WDSE), WGTE TV (WGTE), Lakeland Public Television (KAWE), KMOS-TV - Channels 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 (KMOS), MontanaPBS (KUSM), KRWG/Channel 22 (KRWG), KACV (KACV), KCOS/Channel 13 (KCOS), WCNY/Channel 24 (WCNY), WNED (WNED), WPBS (WPBS), WSKG Public TV (WSKG), WXXI (WXXI), WPSU (WPSU), WVIA Public Media Studios (WVIA), WTVI (WTVI), Western Reserve PBS (WNEO), WVIZ/PBS ideastream (WVIZ), KCTS 9 (KCTS), Basin PBS (KPBT), KUHT / Channel 8 (KUHT), KLRN (KLRN), KLRU (KLRU), WTJX Channel 12 (WTJX), WCVE PBS (WCVE), KBTC Public Television (KBTC)
  - **PBSKids**
  - **PearVideo**
@@ -1060,14 +1071,16 @@ # Supported sites
  - **PhilharmonieDeParis**: Philharmonie de Paris
  - **phoenix.de**
  - **Photobucket**
+ - **PiaLive**
  - **Piapro**: [*piapro*](## "netrc machine")
- - **PIAULIZAPortal**: ulizaportal.jp - PIA LIVE STREAM
  - **Picarto**
  - **PicartoVod**
  - **Piksel**
  - **Pinkbike**
  - **Pinterest**
  - **PinterestCollection**
+ - **PiramideTV**
+ - **PiramideTVChannel**
  - **pixiv:sketch**
  - **pixiv:​sketch:user**
  - **Pladform**
@@ -1084,12 +1097,11 @@ # Supported sites
  - **pluralsight**: [*pluralsight*](## "netrc machine")
  - **pluralsight:course**
  - **PlutoTV**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **PlVideo**: Платформа
  - **PodbayFM**
  - **PodbayFMChannel**
  - **Podchaser**
  - **podomatic**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Pokemon**
- - **PokemonWatch**
  - **PokerGo**: [*pokergo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **PokerGoCollection**: [*pokergo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **PolsatGo**
@@ -1160,6 +1172,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **RadioJavan**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **radiokapital**
  - **radiokapital:show**
+ - **RadioRadicale**
  - **RadioZetPodcast**
  - **radlive**
  - **radlive:channel**
@@ -1239,7 +1252,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **rtve.es:infantil**: RTVE infantil
  - **rtve.es:live**: RTVE.es live streams
  - **rtve.es:television**
- - **RTVS**
  - **rtvslo.si**
  - **rtvslo.si:show**
  - **RudoVideo**
@@ -1285,15 +1297,17 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Screencast**
  - **Screencastify**
  - **ScreencastOMatic**
+ - **ScreenRec**
  - **ScrippsNetworks**
  - **scrippsnetworks:watch**
  - **Scrolller**
  - **SCTE**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
  - **SCTECourse**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
  - **sejm**
+ - **Sen**
  - **SenalColombiaLive**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **SenateGov**
- - **SenateISVP**
+ - **senate.gov**
+ - **senate.gov:isvp**
  - **SendtoNews**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **Servus**
  - **Sexu**: (**Currently broken**)
@@ -1327,11 +1341,17 @@ # Supported sites
  - **SlidesLive**
  - **Slutload**
  - **Smotrim**
+ - **SnapchatSpotlight**
  - **Snotr**
+ - **SoftWhiteUnderbelly**: [*softwhiteunderbelly*](## "netrc machine")
  - **Sohu**
  - **SohuV**
  - **SonyLIV**: [*sonyliv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **SonyLIVSeries**
+ - **soop**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr
+ - **soop:catchstory**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr catch story
+ - **soop:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr livestreams
+ - **soop:user**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **soundcloud**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
  - **soundcloud:playlist**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
  - **soundcloud:related**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1360,9 +1380,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **spotify**: Spotify episodes (**Currently broken**)
  - **spotify:show**: Spotify shows (**Currently broken**)
  - **Spreaker**
- - **SpreakerPage**
  - **SpreakerShow**
- - **SpreakerShowPage**
  - **SpringboardPlatform**
  - **Sprout**
  - **SproutVideo**
@@ -1382,12 +1400,16 @@ # Supported sites
  - **StoryFire**
  - **StoryFireSeries**
  - **StoryFireUser**
+ - **Streaks**
  - **Streamable**
  - **StreamCZ**
  - **StreetVoice**
  - **StretchInternet**
  - **Stripchat**
  - **stv:player**
+ - **stvr**: Slovak Television and Radio (formerly RTVS)
+ - **Subsplash**
+ - **subsplash:playlist**
  - **Substack**
  - **SunPorno**
  - **sverigesradio:episode**
@@ -1438,7 +1460,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **TeleQuebecSquat**
  - **TeleQuebecVideo**
  - **TeleTask**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Telewebion**
+ - **Telewebion**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **Tempo**
  - **TennisTV**: [*tennistv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **TenPlay**: [*10play*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1518,6 +1540,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **tv5unis**
  - **tv5unis:video**
  - **tv8.it**
+ - **tv8.it:live**: TV8 Live
+ - **tv8.it:playlist**: TV8 Playlist
  - **TVANouvelles**
  - **TVANouvellesArticle**
  - **tvaplus**: TVA+
@@ -1538,6 +1562,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **tvp:​vod:series**
  - **TVPlayer**
  - **TVPlayHome**
+ - **Tvw**
  - **Tweakers**
  - **TwitCasting**
  - **TwitCastingLive**
@@ -1563,6 +1588,8 @@ # Supported sites
  - **UFCTV**: [*ufctv*](## "netrc machine")
  - **ukcolumn**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **UKTVPlay**
+ - **UlizaPlayer**
+ - **UlizaPortal**: ulizaportal.jp
  - **umg:de**: Universal Music Deutschland (**Currently broken**)
  - **Unistra**
  - **Unity**: (**Currently broken**)
@@ -1580,8 +1607,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Varzesh3**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **Vbox7**
  - **Veo**
- - **Veoh**
- - **veoh:user**
  - **Vesti**: Вести.Ru (**Currently broken**)
  - **Vevo**
  - **VevoPlaylist**
@@ -1608,6 +1633,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **videomore:season**
  - **videomore:video**
  - **VideoPress**
+ - **Vidflex**
  - **Vidio**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
  - **VidioLive**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
  - **VidioPremier**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1618,8 +1644,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **viewlift**
  - **viewlift:embed**
  - **Viidea**
- - **viki**: [*viki*](## "netrc machine")
- - **viki:channel**: [*viki*](## "netrc machine")
  - **vimeo**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **vimeo:album**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
  - **vimeo:channel**: [*vimeo*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1634,8 +1658,6 @@ # Supported sites
  - **Vimm:stream**
  - **ViMP**
  - **ViMP:Playlist**
- - **Vine**
- - **vine:user**
  - **Viously**
  - **Viqeo**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **Viu**
@@ -1659,8 +1681,12 @@ # Supported sites
  - **vpro**: npo.nl, ntr.nl, omroepwnl.nl, zapp.nl and npo3.nl
  - **vqq:series**
  - **vqq:video**
+ - **vrsquare**: VR SQUARE
+ - **vrsquare:channel**
+ - **vrsquare:search**
+ - **vrsquare:section**
  - **VRT**: VRT NWS, Flanders News, Flandern Info and Sporza
- - **VrtNU**: [*vrtnu*](## "netrc machine") VRT MAX
+ - **vrtmax**: [*vrtnu*](## "netrc machine") VRT MAX (formerly VRT NU)
  - **VTM**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **VTV**
  - **VTVGo**
@@ -1736,7 +1762,7 @@ # Supported sites
  - **XiaoHongShu**: 小红书
  - **ximalaya**: 喜马拉雅FM
  - **ximalaya:album**: 喜马拉雅FM 专辑
- - **xinpianchang**: xinpianchang.com (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Xinpianchang**: 新片场
  - **XMinus**: (**Currently broken**)
  - **XNXX**
  - **Xstream**
@@ -1770,24 +1796,24 @@ # Supported sites
  - **YouPornStar**: YouPorn Pornstar, with description, sorting and pagination
  - **YouPornTag**: YouPorn tag (porntags), with sorting, filtering and pagination
  - **YouPornVideos**: YouPorn video (browse) playlists, with sorting, filtering and pagination
- - **youtube**: YouTube
- - **youtube:clip**
- - **youtube:favorites**: YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:history**: Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:​music:search_url**: YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs
- - **youtube:notif**: YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:playlist**: YouTube playlists
- - **youtube:recommended**: YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword
- - **youtube:search**: YouTube search; "ytsearch:" prefix
- - **youtube:​search:date**: YouTube search, newest videos first; "ytsearchdate:" prefix
- - **youtube:search_url**: YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support
- - **youtube:​shorts:pivot:audio**: YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)
- - **youtube:subscriptions**: YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:tab**: YouTube Tabs
- - **youtube:user**: YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix
- - **youtube:watchlater**: Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **YoutubeLivestreamEmbed**: YouTube livestream embeds
- - **YoutubeYtBe**: youtu.be
+ - **youtube**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube
+ - **youtube:clip**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **youtube:favorites**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:history**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:​music:search_url**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs
+ - **youtube:notif**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:playlist**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube playlists
+ - **youtube:recommended**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword
+ - **youtube:search**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search; "ytsearch:" prefix
+ - **youtube:​search:date**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search, newest videos first; "ytsearchdate:" prefix
+ - **youtube:search_url**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support
+ - **youtube:​shorts:pivot:audio**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)
+ - **youtube:subscriptions**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:tab**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube Tabs
+ - **youtube:user**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix
+ - **youtube:watchlater**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **YoutubeLivestreamEmbed**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube livestream embeds
+ - **YoutubeYtBe**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") youtu.be
  - **Zaiko**
  - **ZaikoETicket**
  - **Zapiks**
diff --git a/test/helper.py b/test/helper.py
index 3b550d192..4169af799 100644
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 
 import yt_dlp.extractor
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
-from yt_dlp.compat import compat_os_name
 from yt_dlp.utils import preferredencoding, try_call, write_string, find_available_port
 
 if 'pytest' in sys.modules:
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ def report_warning(message, *args, **kwargs):
     Print the message to stderr, it will be prefixed with 'WARNING:'
     If stderr is a tty file the 'WARNING:' will be colored
     """
-    if sys.stderr.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
+    if sys.stderr.isatty() and os.name != 'nt':
         _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
     else:
         _msg_header = 'WARNING:'
@@ -102,87 +101,109 @@ def getwebpagetestcases():
 md5 = lambda s: hashlib.md5(s.encode()).hexdigest()
 
 
-def expect_value(self, got, expected, field):
-    if isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('re:'):
-        match_str = expected[len('re:'):]
-        match_rex = re.compile(match_str)
+def _iter_differences(got, expected, field):
+    if isinstance(expected, str):
+        op, _, val = expected.partition(':')
+        if op in ('mincount', 'maxcount', 'count'):
+            if not isinstance(got, (list, dict)):
+                yield field, f'expected either {list.__name__} or {dict.__name__}, got {type(got).__name__}'
+                return
 
-        self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(got, str),
-            f'Expected a {str.__name__} object, but got {type(got).__name__} for field {field}')
-        self.assertTrue(
-            match_rex.match(got),
-            f'field {field} (value: {got!r}) should match {match_str!r}')
-    elif isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('startswith:'):
-        start_str = expected[len('startswith:'):]
-        self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(got, str),
-            f'Expected a {str.__name__} object, but got {type(got).__name__} for field {field}')
-        self.assertTrue(
-            got.startswith(start_str),
-            f'field {field} (value: {got!r}) should start with {start_str!r}')
-    elif isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('contains:'):
-        contains_str = expected[len('contains:'):]
-        self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(got, str),
-            f'Expected a {str.__name__} object, but got {type(got).__name__} for field {field}')
-        self.assertTrue(
-            contains_str in got,
-            f'field {field} (value: {got!r}) should contain {contains_str!r}')
-    elif isinstance(expected, type):
-        self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(got, expected),
-            f'Expected type {expected!r} for field {field}, but got value {got!r} of type {type(got)!r}')
-    elif isinstance(expected, dict) and isinstance(got, dict):
-        expect_dict(self, got, expected)
-    elif isinstance(expected, list) and isinstance(got, list):
-        self.assertEqual(
-            len(expected), len(got),
-            f'Expect a list of length {len(expected)}, but got a list of length {len(got)} for field {field}')
-        for index, (item_got, item_expected) in enumerate(zip(got, expected)):
-            type_got = type(item_got)
-            type_expected = type(item_expected)
-            self.assertEqual(
-                type_expected, type_got,
-                f'Type mismatch for list item at index {index} for field {field}, '
-                f'expected {type_expected!r}, got {type_got!r}')
-            expect_value(self, item_got, item_expected, field)
-    else:
-        if isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('md5:'):
-            self.assertTrue(
-                isinstance(got, str),
-                f'Expected field {field} to be a unicode object, but got value {got!r} of type {type(got)!r}')
-            got = 'md5:' + md5(got)
-        elif isinstance(expected, str) and re.match(r'^(?:min|max)?count:\d+', expected):
-            self.assertTrue(
-                isinstance(got, (list, dict)),
-                f'Expected field {field} to be a list or a dict, but it is of type {type(got).__name__}')
-            op, _, expected_num = expected.partition(':')
-            expected_num = int(expected_num)
+            expected_num = int(val)
+            got_num = len(got)
             if op == 'mincount':
-                assert_func = assertGreaterEqual
-                msg_tmpl = 'Expected %d items in field %s, but only got %d'
-            elif op == 'maxcount':
-                assert_func = assertLessEqual
-                msg_tmpl = 'Expected maximum %d items in field %s, but got %d'
-            elif op == 'count':
-                assert_func = assertEqual
-                msg_tmpl = 'Expected exactly %d items in field %s, but got %d'
-            else:
-                assert False
-            assert_func(
-                self, len(got), expected_num,
-                msg_tmpl % (expected_num, field, len(got)))
+                if got_num < expected_num:
+                    yield field, f'expected at least {val} items, got {got_num}'
+                return
+
+            if op == 'maxcount':
+                if got_num > expected_num:
+                    yield field, f'expected at most {val} items, got {got_num}'
+                return
+
+            assert op == 'count'
+            if got_num != expected_num:
+                yield field, f'expected exactly {val} items, got {got_num}'
             return
-        self.assertEqual(
-            expected, got,
-            f'Invalid value for field {field}, expected {expected!r}, got {got!r}')
+
+        if not isinstance(got, str):
+            yield field, f'expected {str.__name__}, got {type(got).__name__}'
+            return
+
+        if op == 're':
+            if not re.match(val, got):
+                yield field, f'should match {val!r}, got {got!r}'
+            return
+
+        if op == 'startswith':
+            if not val.startswith(got):
+                yield field, f'should start with {val!r}, got {got!r}'
+            return
+
+        if op == 'contains':
+            if not val.startswith(got):
+                yield field, f'should contain {val!r}, got {got!r}'
+            return
+
+        if op == 'md5':
+            hash_val = md5(got)
+            if hash_val != val:
+                yield field, f'expected hash {val}, got {hash_val}'
+            return
+
+        if got != expected:
+            yield field, f'expected {expected!r}, got {got!r}'
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(expected, dict) and isinstance(got, dict):
+        for key, expected_val in expected.items():
+            if key not in got:
+                yield field, f'missing key: {key!r}'
+                continue
+
+            field_name = key if field is None else f'{field}.{key}'
+            yield from _iter_differences(got[key], expected_val, field_name)
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(expected, type):
+        if not isinstance(got, expected):
+            yield field, f'expected {expected.__name__}, got {type(got).__name__}'
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(expected, list) and isinstance(got, list):
+        # TODO: clever diffing algorithm lmao
+        if len(expected) != len(got):
+            yield field, f'expected length of {len(expected)}, got {len(got)}'
+            return
+
+        for index, (got_val, expected_val) in enumerate(zip(got, expected)):
+            field_name = str(index) if field is None else f'{field}.{index}'
+            yield from _iter_differences(got_val, expected_val, field_name)
+        return
+
+    if got != expected:
+        yield field, f'expected {expected!r}, got {got!r}'
+
+
+def _expect_value(message, got, expected, field):
+    mismatches = list(_iter_differences(got, expected, field))
+    if not mismatches:
+        return
+
+    fields = [field for field, _ in mismatches if field is not None]
+    return ''.join((
+        message, f' ({", ".join(fields)})' if fields else '',
+        *(f'\n\t{field}: {message}' for field, message in mismatches)))
+
+
+def expect_value(self, got, expected, field):
+    if message := _expect_value('values differ', got, expected, field):
+        self.fail(message)
 
 
 def expect_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
-    for info_field, expected in expected_dict.items():
-        got = got_dict.get(info_field)
-        expect_value(self, got, expected, info_field)
+    if message := _expect_value('dictionaries differ', got_dict, expected_dict, None):
+        self.fail(message)
 
 
 def sanitize_got_info_dict(got_dict):
@@ -238,6 +259,20 @@ def sanitize(key, value):
 
 
 def expect_info_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
+    ALLOWED_KEYS_SORT_ORDER = (
+        # NB: Keep in sync with the docstring of extractor/common.py
+        'id', 'ext', 'direct', 'display_id', 'title', 'alt_title', 'description', 'media_type',
+        'uploader', 'uploader_id', 'uploader_url', 'channel', 'channel_id', 'channel_url', 'channel_is_verified',
+        'channel_follower_count', 'comment_count', 'view_count', 'concurrent_view_count',
+        'like_count', 'dislike_count', 'repost_count', 'average_rating', 'age_limit', 'duration', 'thumbnail', 'heatmap',
+        'chapters', 'chapter', 'chapter_number', 'chapter_id', 'start_time', 'end_time', 'section_start', 'section_end',
+        'categories', 'tags', 'cast', 'composers', 'artists', 'album_artists', 'creators', 'genres',
+        'track', 'track_number', 'track_id', 'album', 'album_type', 'disc_number',
+        'series', 'series_id', 'season', 'season_number', 'season_id', 'episode', 'episode_number', 'episode_id',
+        'timestamp', 'upload_date', 'release_timestamp', 'release_date', 'release_year', 'modified_timestamp', 'modified_date',
+        'playable_in_embed', 'availability', 'live_status', 'location', 'license', '_old_archive_ids',
+    )
+
     expect_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict)
     # Check for the presence of mandatory fields
     if got_dict.get('_type') not in ('playlist', 'multi_video'):
@@ -253,7 +288,13 @@ def expect_info_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
 
     test_info_dict = sanitize_got_info_dict(got_dict)
 
-    missing_keys = set(test_info_dict.keys()) - set(expected_dict.keys())
+    # Check for invalid/misspelled field names being returned by the extractor
+    invalid_keys = sorted(test_info_dict.keys() - ALLOWED_KEYS_SORT_ORDER)
+    self.assertFalse(invalid_keys, f'Invalid fields returned by the extractor: {", ".join(invalid_keys)}')
+
+    missing_keys = sorted(
+        test_info_dict.keys() - expected_dict.keys(),
+        key=lambda x: ALLOWED_KEYS_SORT_ORDER.index(x))
     if missing_keys:
         def _repr(v):
             if isinstance(v, str):
diff --git a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
index 31e8f8244..c6ff6209a 100644
--- a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
+++ b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
@@ -53,6 +53,18 @@ def setUp(self):
     def test_ie_key(self):
         self.assertEqual(get_info_extractor(YoutubeIE.ie_key()), YoutubeIE)
 
+    def test_get_netrc_login_info(self):
+        for params in [
+            {'usenetrc': True, 'netrc_location': './test/testdata/netrc/netrc'},
+            {'netrc_cmd': f'{sys.executable} ./test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py'},
+        ]:
+            ie = DummyIE(FakeYDL(params))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='normal_use'), ('user', 'pass'))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='empty_user'), ('', 'pass'))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='empty_pass'), ('user', ''))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='both_empty'), ('', ''))
+            self.assertEqual(ie._get_netrc_login_info(netrc_machine='nonexistent'), (None, None))
+
     def test_html_search_regex(self):
         html = '<p id="foo">Watch this <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc">video</a></p>'
         search = lambda re, *args: self.ie._html_search_regex(re, html, *args)
@@ -626,6 +638,7 @@ def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
                 'img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4',
                 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/master.m3u8',
                 [{
+                    # 60kbps (bitrate not provided in m3u8); sorted as worst because it's grouped with lowest bitrate video track
                     'format_id': 'aud1-English',
                     'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/a1/prog_index.m3u8',
                     'manifest_url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/master.m3u8',
@@ -633,15 +646,9 @@ def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
                     'ext': 'mp4',
                     'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                     'audio_ext': 'mp4',
+                    'source_preference': 0,
                 }, {
-                    'format_id': 'aud2-English',
-                    'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/a2/prog_index.m3u8',
-                    'manifest_url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/master.m3u8',
-                    'language': 'en',
-                    'ext': 'mp4',
-                    'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
-                    'audio_ext': 'mp4',
-                }, {
+                    # 192kbps (bitrate not provided in m3u8)
                     'format_id': 'aud3-English',
                     'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/a3/prog_index.m3u8',
                     'manifest_url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/master.m3u8',
@@ -649,6 +656,17 @@ def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
                     'ext': 'mp4',
                     'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                     'audio_ext': 'mp4',
+                    'source_preference': 1,
+                }, {
+                    # 384kbps (bitrate not provided in m3u8); sorted as best because it's grouped with the highest bitrate video track
+                    'format_id': 'aud2-English',
+                    'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/a2/prog_index.m3u8',
+                    'manifest_url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/master.m3u8',
+                    'language': 'en',
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
+                    'audio_ext': 'mp4',
+                    'source_preference': 2,
                 }, {
                     'format_id': '530',
                     'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/v2/prog_index.m3u8',
diff --git a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
index 1847c4ffd..708a04f92 100644
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@
 import unittest
 from unittest.mock import patch
 
+from yt_dlp.globals import all_plugins_loaded
+
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 
@@ -15,7 +17,6 @@
 
 from test.helper import FakeYDL, assertRegexpMatches, try_rm
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
-from yt_dlp.compat import compat_os_name
 from yt_dlp.extractor import YoutubeIE
 from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
 from yt_dlp.postprocessor.common import PostProcessor
@@ -236,6 +237,35 @@ def test_format_selection_video(self):
         downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
         self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vid-vcodec-dot')
 
+    def test_format_selection_by_vcodec_sort(self):
+        formats = [
+            {'format_id': 'av1-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'av1', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'vp9-hdr-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'vp9-sdr-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'vp09.00.50.08', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'h265-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'h265', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+        ]
+        info_dict = _make_result(formats)
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['vcodec:vp9.2']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-hdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['vcodec:vp9']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-sdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['+vcodec:vp9.2']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-hdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['+vcodec:vp9']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-sdr-format')
+
     def test_format_selection_string_ops(self):
         formats = [
             {'format_id': 'abc-cba', 'ext': 'mp4', 'url': TEST_URL},
@@ -458,11 +488,11 @@ def assert_syntax_error(format_spec):
 
     def test_format_filtering(self):
         formats = [
-            {'format_id': 'A', 'filesize': 500, 'width': 1000},
-            {'format_id': 'B', 'filesize': 1000, 'width': 500},
-            {'format_id': 'C', 'filesize': 1000, 'width': 400},
-            {'format_id': 'D', 'filesize': 2000, 'width': 600},
-            {'format_id': 'E', 'filesize': 3000},
+            {'format_id': 'A', 'filesize': 500, 'width': 1000, 'aspect_ratio': 1.0},
+            {'format_id': 'B', 'filesize': 1000, 'width': 500, 'aspect_ratio': 1.33},
+            {'format_id': 'C', 'filesize': 1000, 'width': 400, 'aspect_ratio': 1.5},
+            {'format_id': 'D', 'filesize': 2000, 'width': 600, 'aspect_ratio': 1.78},
+            {'format_id': 'E', 'filesize': 3000, 'aspect_ratio': 0.56},
             {'format_id': 'F'},
             {'format_id': 'G', 'filesize': 1000000},
         ]
@@ -521,6 +551,31 @@ def test_format_filtering(self):
             ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict)
         self.assertEqual(ydl.downloaded_info_dicts, [])
 
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'best[aspect_ratio=1]'})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict)
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'A')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'all[aspect_ratio > 1.00]'})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict)
+        downloaded_ids = [info['format_id'] for info in ydl.downloaded_info_dicts]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded_ids, ['D', 'C', 'B'])
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'all[aspect_ratio < 1.00]'})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict)
+        downloaded_ids = [info['format_id'] for info in ydl.downloaded_info_dicts]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded_ids, ['E'])
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'best[aspect_ratio=1.5]'})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict)
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'C')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'all[aspect_ratio!=1]'})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict)
+        downloaded_ids = [info['format_id'] for info in ydl.downloaded_info_dicts]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded_ids, ['E', 'D', 'C', 'B'])
+
     @patch('yt_dlp.postprocessor.ffmpeg.FFmpegMergerPP.available', False)
     def test_default_format_spec_without_ffmpeg(self):
         ydl = YDL({})
@@ -733,6 +788,13 @@ def test(tmpl, expected, *, info=None, **params):
         test('%(width)06d.%%(ext)s', 'NA.%(ext)s')
         test('%%(width)06d.%(ext)s', '%(width)06d.mp4')
 
+        # Sanitization options
+        test('%(title3)s', (None, 'foo⧸bar⧹test'))
+        test('%(title5)s', (None, 'aei_A'), restrictfilenames=True)
+        test('%(title3)s', (None, 'foo_bar_test'), windowsfilenames=False, restrictfilenames=True)
+        if sys.platform != 'win32':
+            test('%(title3)s', (None, 'foo⧸bar\\test'), windowsfilenames=False)
+
         # ID sanitization
         test('%(id)s', '_abcd', info={'id': '_abcd'})
         test('%(some_id)s', '_abcd', info={'some_id': '_abcd'})
@@ -810,8 +872,8 @@ def expect_same_infodict(out):
         test('%(filesize)#D', '1Ki')
         test('%(height)5.2D', ' 1.08k')
         test('%(title4)#S', 'foo_bar_test')
-        test('%(title4).10S', ('foo ＂bar＂ ', 'foo ＂bar＂' + ('#' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else ' ')))
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        test('%(title4).10S', ('foo ＂bar＂ ', 'foo ＂bar＂' + ('#' if os.name == 'nt' else ' ')))
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             test('%(title4)q', ('"foo ""bar"" test"', None))
             test('%(formats.:.id)#q', ('"id 1" "id 2" "id 3"', None))
             test('%(formats.0.id)#q', ('"id 1"', None))
@@ -874,9 +936,9 @@ def gen():
 
         # Environment variable expansion for prepare_filename
         os.environ['__yt_dlp_var'] = 'expanded'
-        envvar = '%__yt_dlp_var%' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else '$__yt_dlp_var'
+        envvar = '%__yt_dlp_var%' if os.name == 'nt' else '$__yt_dlp_var'
         test(envvar, (envvar, 'expanded'))
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             test('%s%', ('%s%', '%s%'))
             os.environ['s'] = 'expanded'
             test('%s%', ('%s%', 'expanded'))  # %s% should be expanded before escaping %s
@@ -1367,6 +1429,12 @@ def check_for_cookie_header(result):
         self.assertFalse(result.get('cookies'), msg='Cookies set in cookies field for wrong domain')
         self.assertFalse(ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(fmt['url']), msg='Cookies set in cookiejar for wrong domain')
 
+    def test_load_plugins_compat(self):
+        # Should try to reload plugins if they haven't already been loaded
+        all_plugins_loaded.value = False
+        FakeYDL().close()
+        assert all_plugins_loaded.value
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_aes.py b/test/test_aes.py
index 5f975efec..9cd9189bc 100644
--- a/test/test_aes.py
+++ b/test/test_aes.py
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@
     pad_block,
 )
 from yt_dlp.dependencies import Cryptodome
-from yt_dlp.utils import bytes_to_intlist, intlist_to_bytes
 
 # the encrypted data can be generate with 'devscripts/generate_aes_testdata.py'
 
@@ -40,33 +39,33 @@ def setUp(self):
     def test_encrypt(self):
         msg = b'message'
         key = list(range(16))
-        encrypted = aes_encrypt(bytes_to_intlist(msg), key)
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_decrypt(encrypted, key))
+        encrypted = aes_encrypt(list(msg), key)
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_decrypt(encrypted, key))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted, msg)
 
     def test_cbc_decrypt(self):
         data = b'\x97\x92+\xe5\x0b\xc3\x18\x91ky9m&\xb3\xb5@\xe6\x27\xc2\x96.\xc8u\x88\xab9-[\x9e|\xf1\xcd'
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(bytes_to_intlist(data), self.key, self.iv))
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(list(data), self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
         if Cryptodome.AES:
-            decrypted = aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, intlist_to_bytes(self.key), intlist_to_bytes(self.iv))
+            decrypted = aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, bytes(self.key), bytes(self.iv))
             self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_cbc_encrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(self.secret_msg)
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(self.secret_msg)
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(
             encrypted,
             b'\x97\x92+\xe5\x0b\xc3\x18\x91ky9m&\xb3\xb5@\xe6\'\xc2\x96.\xc8u\x88\xab9-[\x9e|\xf1\xcd')
 
     def test_ctr_decrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(b'\x03\xc7\xdd\xd4\x8e\xb3\xbc\x1a*O\xdc1\x12+8Aio\xd1z\xb5#\xaf\x08')
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ctr_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(b'\x03\xc7\xdd\xd4\x8e\xb3\xbc\x1a*O\xdc1\x12+8Aio\xd1z\xb5#\xaf\x08')
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_ctr_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_ctr_encrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(self.secret_msg)
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ctr_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(self.secret_msg)
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_ctr_encrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(
             encrypted,
             b'\x03\xc7\xdd\xd4\x8e\xb3\xbc\x1a*O\xdc1\x12+8Aio\xd1z\xb5#\xaf\x08')
@@ -75,47 +74,59 @@ def test_gcm_decrypt(self):
         data = b'\x159Y\xcf5eud\x90\x9c\x85&]\x14\x1d\x0f.\x08\xb4T\xe4/\x17\xbd'
         authentication_tag = b'\xe8&I\x80rI\x07\x9d}YWuU@:e'
 
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
-            bytes_to_intlist(data), self.key, bytes_to_intlist(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
+            list(data), self.key, list(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
         if Cryptodome.AES:
             decrypted = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(
-                data, intlist_to_bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:12]))
+                data, bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, bytes(self.iv[:12]))
             self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
+    def test_gcm_aligned_decrypt(self):
+        data = b'\x159Y\xcf5eud\x90\x9c\x85&]\x14\x1d\x0f'
+        authentication_tag = b'\x08\xb1\x9d!&\x98\xd0\xeaRq\x90\xe6;\xb5]\xd8'
+
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(
+            list(data), self.key, list(authentication_tag), self.iv[:12]))
+        self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg[:16])
+        if Cryptodome.AES:
+            decrypted = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(
+                data, bytes(self.key), authentication_tag, bytes(self.iv[:12]))
+            self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg[:16])
+
     def test_decrypt_text(self):
-        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
+        password = bytes(self.key).decode()
         encrypted = base64.b64encode(
-            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
+            bytes(self.iv[:8])
             + b'\x17\x15\x93\xab\x8d\x80V\xcdV\xe0\t\xcdo\xc2\xa5\xd8ksM\r\xe27N\xae',
         ).decode()
         decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 16))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
 
-        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
+        password = bytes(self.key).decode()
         encrypted = base64.b64encode(
-            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
+            bytes(self.iv[:8])
             + b'\x0b\xe6\xa4\xd9z\x0e\xb8\xb9\xd0\xd4i_\x85\x1d\x99\x98_\xe5\x80\xe7.\xbf\xa5\x83',
         ).decode()
         decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 32))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_ecb_encrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(self.secret_msg)
-        encrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_encrypt(data, self.key))
+        data = list(self.secret_msg)
+        encrypted = bytes(aes_ecb_encrypt(data, self.key))
         self.assertEqual(
             encrypted,
             b'\xaa\x86]\x81\x97>\x02\x92\x9d\x1bR[[L/u\xd3&\xd1(h\xde{\x81\x94\xba\x02\xae\xbd\xa6\xd0:')
 
     def test_ecb_decrypt(self):
-        data = bytes_to_intlist(b'\xaa\x86]\x81\x97>\x02\x92\x9d\x1bR[[L/u\xd3&\xd1(h\xde{\x81\x94\xba\x02\xae\xbd\xa6\xd0:')
-        decrypted = intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
+        data = list(b'\xaa\x86]\x81\x97>\x02\x92\x9d\x1bR[[L/u\xd3&\xd1(h\xde{\x81\x94\xba\x02\xae\xbd\xa6\xd0:')
+        decrypted = bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(data, self.key, self.iv))
         self.assertEqual(decrypted.rstrip(b'\x08'), self.secret_msg)
 
     def test_key_expansion(self):
         key = '4f6bdaa39e2f8cb07f5e722d9edef314'
 
-        self.assertEqual(key_expansion(bytes_to_intlist(bytearray.fromhex(key))), [
+        self.assertEqual(key_expansion(list(bytearray.fromhex(key))), [
             0x4F, 0x6B, 0xDA, 0xA3, 0x9E, 0x2F, 0x8C, 0xB0, 0x7F, 0x5E, 0x72, 0x2D, 0x9E, 0xDE, 0xF3, 0x14,
             0x53, 0x66, 0x20, 0xA8, 0xCD, 0x49, 0xAC, 0x18, 0xB2, 0x17, 0xDE, 0x35, 0x2C, 0xC9, 0x2D, 0x21,
             0x8C, 0xBE, 0xDD, 0xD9, 0x41, 0xF7, 0x71, 0xC1, 0xF3, 0xE0, 0xAF, 0xF4, 0xDF, 0x29, 0x82, 0xD5,
diff --git a/test/test_compat.py b/test/test_compat.py
index e7d97e3e9..b1cc2a818 100644
--- a/test/test_compat.py
+++ b/test/test_compat.py
@@ -12,12 +12,7 @@
 
 from yt_dlp import compat
 from yt_dlp.compat import urllib  # isort: split
-from yt_dlp.compat import (
-    compat_etree_fromstring,
-    compat_expanduser,
-    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,  # noqa: TID251
-    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,  # noqa: TID251
-)
+from yt_dlp.compat import compat_etree_fromstring, compat_expanduser
 from yt_dlp.compat.urllib.request import getproxies
 
 
@@ -43,39 +38,6 @@ def test_compat_expanduser(self):
         finally:
             os.environ['HOME'] = old_home or ''
 
-    def test_compat_urllib_parse_unquote(self):
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('abc%20def'), 'abc def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%7e/abc+def'), '~/abc+def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote(''), '')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%'), '%')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%%'), '%%')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%%%'), '%%%')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%2F'), '/')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%2f'), '/')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_unquote('%E6%B4%A5%E6%B3%A2'), '津波')
-        self.assertEqual(
-            compat_urllib_parse_unquote('''<meta property="og:description" content="%E2%96%81%E2%96%82%E2%96%83%E2%96%84%25%E2%96%85%E2%96%86%E2%96%87%E2%96%88" />
-%<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A">%a'''),
-            '''<meta property="og:description" content="▁▂▃▄%▅▆▇█" />
-%<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/تسونامي">%a''')
-        self.assertEqual(
-            compat_urllib_parse_unquote('''%28%5E%E2%97%A3_%E2%97%A2%5E%29%E3%81%A3%EF%B8%BB%E3%83%87%E2%95%90%E4%B8%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%87%80    %E2%86%B6%I%Break%25Things%'''),
-            '''(^◣_◢^)っ︻デ═一    ⇀    ⇀    ⇀    ⇀    ⇀    ↶%I%Break%Things%''')
-
-    def test_compat_urllib_parse_unquote_plus(self):
-        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.unquote_plus('abc%20def'), 'abc def')
-        self.assertEqual(urllib.parse.unquote_plus('%7e/abc+def'), '~/abc def')
-
-    def test_compat_urllib_parse_urlencode(self):
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({'abc': 'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({'abc': b'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({b'abc': 'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode({b'abc': b'def'}), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([('abc', 'def')]), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([('abc', b'def')]), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([(b'abc', 'def')]), 'abc=def')
-        self.assertEqual(compat_urllib_parse_urlencode([(b'abc', b'def')]), 'abc=def')
-
     def test_compat_etree_fromstring(self):
         xml = '''
             <root foo="bar" spam="中文">
diff --git a/test/test_cookies.py b/test/test_cookies.py
index e1271f67e..4b9b9b5a9 100644
--- a/test/test_cookies.py
+++ b/test/test_cookies.py
@@ -105,6 +105,13 @@ def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_linux_v11(self):
             decryptor = LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor('Chrome', Logger())
             self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
 
+    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_linux_v10_meta24(self):
+        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {'_get_linux_keyring_password': lambda *args, **kwargs: b''}):
+            encrypted_value = b'v10\x1f\xe4\x0e[\x83\x0c\xcc*kPi \xce\x8d\x1d\xbb\x80\r\x11\t\xbb\x9e^Hy\x94\xf4\x963\x9f\x82\xba\xfe\xa1\xed\xb9\xf1)\x00710\x92\xc8/<\x96B'
+            value = 'DE'
+            decryptor = LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor('Chrome', Logger(), meta_version=24)
+            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
+
     def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10(self):
         with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {
             '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'Y\xef\xad\xad\xeerp\xf0Y\xe6\x9b\x12\xc2<z\x16]\n\xbb\xb8\xcb\xd7\x9bA\xc3\x14e\x99{\xd6\xf4&',
@@ -114,6 +121,15 @@ def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10(self):
             decryptor = WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor('', Logger())
             self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
 
+    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10_meta24(self):
+        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {
+            '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'\xea\x8b\x02\xc3\xc6\xc5\x99\xc3\xa3[ j\xfa\xf6\xfcU\xac\x13u\xdc\x0c\x0e\xf1\x03\x90\xb6\xdf\xbb\x8fL\xb1\xb2',
+        }):
+            encrypted_value = b'v10dN\xe1\xacy\x84^\xe1I\xact\x03r\xfb\xe2\xce{^\x0e<(\xb0y\xeb\x01\xfb@"\x9e\x8c\xa53~\xdb*\x8f\xac\x8b\xe3\xfd3\x06\xe5\x93\x19OyOG\xb2\xfb\x1d$\xc0\xda\x13j\x9e\xfe\xc5\xa3\xa8\xfe\xd9'
+            value = '1234'
+            decryptor = WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor('', Logger(), meta_version=24)
+            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)
+
     def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_mac_v10(self):
         with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {'_get_mac_keyring_password': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'6eIDUdtKAacvlHwBVwvg/Q=='}):
             encrypted_value = b'v10\xb3\xbe\xad\xa1[\x9fC\xa1\x98\xe0\x9a\x01\xd9\xcf\xbfc'
diff --git a/test/test_downloader_http.py b/test/test_downloader_http.py
index faba0bc9c..cf2e3fac1 100644
--- a/test/test_downloader_http.py
+++ b/test/test_downloader_http.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 from test.helper import http_server_port, try_rm
 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
 from yt_dlp.downloader.http import HttpFD
-from yt_dlp.utils import encodeFilename
 from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _YDLLogger as FakeLogger
 
 TEST_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
@@ -82,12 +81,12 @@ def download(self, params, ep):
         ydl = YoutubeDL(params)
         downloader = HttpFD(ydl, params)
         filename = 'testfile.mp4'
-        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
+        try_rm(filename)
         self.assertTrue(downloader.real_download(filename, {
             'url': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.port}/{ep}',
         }), ep)
-        self.assertEqual(os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(filename)), TEST_SIZE, ep)
-        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
+        self.assertEqual(os.path.getsize(filename), TEST_SIZE, ep)
+        try_rm(filename)
 
     def download_all(self, params):
         for ep in ('regular', 'no-content-length', 'no-range', 'no-range-no-content-length'):
diff --git a/test/test_http_proxy.py b/test/test_http_proxy.py
index 2435c878a..e903ff8be 100644
--- a/test/test_http_proxy.py
+++ b/test/test_http_proxy.py
@@ -331,10 +331,6 @@ def test_http_connect_auth(self, handler, ctx):
                 assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
                 assert 'Proxy-Authorization' in proxy_info['headers']
 
-    @pytest.mark.skip_handler(
-        'Requests',
-        'bug in urllib3 causes unclosed socket: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3374',
-    )
     def test_http_connect_bad_auth(self, handler, ctx):
         with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
             with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:bad@{server_address}'}) as rh:
diff --git a/test/test_jsinterp.py b/test/test_jsinterp.py
index 06840ed85..b14069ccc 100644
--- a/test/test_jsinterp.py
+++ b/test/test_jsinterp.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 
 import math
 
-from yt_dlp.jsinterp import JS_Undefined, JSInterpreter
+from yt_dlp.jsinterp import JS_Undefined, JSInterpreter, js_number_to_string
 
 
 class NaN:
@@ -93,6 +93,16 @@ def test_operators(self):
         self._test('function f(){return 0 ?? 42;}', 0)
         self._test('function f(){return "life, the universe and everything" < 42;}', False)
         self._test('function f(){return 0  - 7 * - 6;}', 42)
+        self._test('function f(){return true << "5";}', 32)
+        self._test('function f(){return true << true;}', 2)
+        self._test('function f(){return "19" & "21.9";}', 17)
+        self._test('function f(){return "19" & false;}', 0)
+        self._test('function f(){return "11.0" >> "2.1";}', 2)
+        self._test('function f(){return 5 ^ 9;}', 12)
+        self._test('function f(){return 0.0 << NaN}', 0)
+        self._test('function f(){return null << undefined}', 0)
+        # TODO: Does not work due to number too large
+        # self._test('function f(){return 21 << 4294967297}', 42)
 
     def test_array_access(self):
         self._test('function f(){var x = [1,2,3]; x[0] = 4; x[0] = 5; x[2.0] = 7; return x;}', [5, 2, 7])
@@ -108,6 +118,7 @@ def test_assignments(self):
         self._test('function f(){var x = 20; x = 30 + 1; return x;}', 31)
         self._test('function f(){var x = 20; x += 30 + 1; return x;}', 51)
         self._test('function f(){var x = 20; x -= 30 + 1; return x;}', -11)
+        self._test('function f(){var x = 2; var y = ["a", "b"]; y[x%y["length"]]="z"; return y}', ['z', 'b'])
 
     @unittest.skip('Not implemented')
     def test_comments(self):
@@ -374,7 +385,7 @@ def test_negative(self):
     @unittest.skip('Not implemented')
     def test_packed(self):
         jsi = JSInterpreter('''function f(p,a,c,k,e,d){while(c--)if(k[c])p=p.replace(new RegExp('\\b'+c.toString(a)+'\\b','g'),k[c]);return p}''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f', '''h 7=g("1j");7.7h({7g:[{33:"w://7f-7e-7d-7c.v.7b/7a/79/78/77/76.74?t=73&s=2s&e=72&f=2t&71=70.0.0.1&6z=6y&6x=6w"}],6v:"w://32.v.u/6u.31",16:"r%",15:"r%",6t:"6s",6r:"",6q:"l",6p:"l",6o:"6n",6m:\'6l\',6k:"6j",9:[{33:"/2u?b=6i&n=50&6h=w://32.v.u/6g.31",6f:"6e"}],1y:{6d:1,6c:\'#6b\',6a:\'#69\',68:"67",66:30,65:r,},"64":{63:"%62 2m%m%61%5z%5y%5x.u%5w%5v%5u.2y%22 2k%m%1o%22 5t%m%1o%22 5s%m%1o%22 2j%m%5r%22 16%m%5q%22 15%m%5p%22 5o%2z%5n%5m%2z",5l:"w://v.u/d/1k/5k.2y",5j:[]},\'5i\':{"5h":"5g"},5f:"5e",5d:"w://v.u",5c:{},5b:l,1x:[0.25,0.50,0.75,1,1.25,1.5,2]});h 1m,1n,5a;h 59=0,58=0;h 7=g("1j");h 2x=0,57=0,56=0;$.55({54:{\'53-52\':\'2i-51\'}});7.j(\'4z\',6(x){c(5>0&&x.1l>=5&&1n!=1){1n=1;$(\'q.4y\').4x(\'4w\')}});7.j(\'13\',6(x){2x=x.1l});7.j(\'2g\',6(x){2w(x)});7.j(\'4v\',6(){$(\'q.2v\').4u()});6 2w(x){$(\'q.2v\').4t();c(1m)19;1m=1;17=0;c(4s.4r===l){17=1}$.4q(\'/2u?b=4p&2l=1k&4o=2t-4n-4m-2s-4l&4k=&4j=&4i=&17=\'+17,6(2r){$(\'#4h\').4g(2r)});$(\'.3-8-4f-4e:4d("4c")\').2h(6(e){2q();g().4b(0);g().4a(l)});6 2q(){h $14=$("<q />").2p({1l:"49",16:"r%",15:"r%",48:0,2n:0,2o:47,46:"45(10%, 10%, 10%, 0.4)","44-43":"42"});$("<41 />").2p({16:"60%",15:"60%",2o:40,"3z-2n":"3y"}).3x({\'2m\':\'/?b=3w&2l=1k\',\'2k\':\'0\',\'2j\':\'2i\'}).2f($14);$14.2h(6(){$(3v).3u();g().2g()});$14.2f($(\'#1j\'))}g().13(0);}6 3t(){h 9=7.1b(2e);2d.2c(9);c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==2e){2d.2c(\'!!=\'+i);7.1p(i)}}}}7.j(\'3s\',6(){g().1h("/2a/3r.29","3q 10 28",6(){g().13(g().27()+10)},"2b");$("q[26=2b]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');g().1h("/2a/3p.29","3o 10 28",6(){h 12=g().27()-10;c(12<0)12=0;g().13(12)},"24");$("q[26=24]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');});6 1i(){}7.j(\'3n\',6(){1i()});7.j(\'3m\',6(){1i()});7.j("k",6(y){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n<2)19;$(\'.3-8-3l-3k\').3j(6(){$(\'#3-8-a-k\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\')});7.1h("/3i/3h.3g","3f 3e",6(){$(\'.3-1w\').3d(\'3-8-1v\');$(\'.3-8-1y, .3-8-1x\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');c($(\'.3-1w\').3c(\'3-8-1v\')){$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'l\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'l\');$(\'.3-8-a\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').3b(\'3-8-a-z\')}3a{$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\')}},"39");7.j("38",6(y){1d.37(\'1c\',y.9[y.36].1a)});c(1d.1t(\'1c\')){35("1s(1d.1t(\'1c\'));",34)}});h 18;6 1s(1q){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==1q){c(i==18){19}18=i;7.1p(i)}}}}',36,270,'|||jw|||function|player|settings|tracks|submenu||if||||jwplayer|var||on|audioTracks|true|3D|length|aria|attr|div|100|||sx|filemoon|https||event|active||false|tt|seek|dd|height|width|adb|current_audio|return|name|getAudioTracks|default_audio|localStorage|removeClass|expanded|checked|addButton|callMeMaybe|vplayer|0fxcyc2ajhp1|position|vvplay|vvad|220|setCurrentAudioTrack|audio_name|for|audio_set|getItem|last|open|controls|playbackRates|captions|rewind|icon|insertAfter||detach|ff00||button|getPosition|sec|png|player8|ff11|log|console|track_name|appendTo|play|click|no|scrolling|frameborder|file_code|src|top|zIndex|css|showCCform|data|1662367683|383371|dl|video_ad|doPlay|prevt|mp4|3E||jpg|thumbs|file|300|setTimeout|currentTrack|setItem|audioTrackChanged|dualSound|else|addClass|hasClass|toggleClass|Track|Audio|svg|dualy|images|mousedown|buttons|topbar|playAttemptFailed|beforePlay|Rewind|fr|Forward|ff|ready|set_audio_track|remove|this|upload_srt|prop|50px|margin|1000001|iframe|center|align|text|rgba|background|1000000|left|absolute|pause|setCurrentCaptions|Upload|contains|item|content|html|fviews|referer|prem|embed|3e57249ef633e0d03bf76ceb8d8a4b65|216|83|hash|view|get|TokenZir|window|hide|show|complete|slow|fadeIn|video_ad_fadein|time||cache|Cache|Content|headers|ajaxSetup|v2done|tott|vastdone2|vastdone1|vvbefore|playbackRateControls|cast|aboutlink|FileMoon|abouttext|UHD|1870|qualityLabels|sites|GNOME_POWER|link|2Fiframe|3C|allowfullscreen|22360|22640|22no|marginheight|marginwidth|2FGNOME_POWER|2F0fxcyc2ajhp1|2Fe|2Ffilemoon|2F|3A||22https|3Ciframe|code|sharing|fontOpacity|backgroundOpacity|Tahoma|fontFamily|303030|backgroundColor|FFFFFF|color|userFontScale|thumbnails|kind|0fxcyc2ajhp10000|url|get_slides|start|startparam|none|preload|html5|primary|hlshtml|androidhls|duration|uniform|stretching|0fxcyc2ajhp1_xt|image|2048|sp|6871|asn|127|srv|43200|_g3XlBcu2lmD9oDexD2NLWSmah2Nu3XcDrl93m9PwXY|m3u8||master|0fxcyc2ajhp1_x|00076|01|hls2|to|s01|delivery|storage|moon|sources|setup'''.split('|')))
+        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f', '''h 7=g("1j");7.7h({7g:[{33:"w://7f-7e-7d-7c.v.7b/7a/79/78/77/76.74?t=73&s=2s&e=72&f=2t&71=70.0.0.1&6z=6y&6x=6w"}],6v:"w://32.v.u/6u.31",16:"r%",15:"r%",6t:"6s",6r:"",6q:"l",6p:"l",6o:"6n",6m:\'6l\',6k:"6j",9:[{33:"/2u?b=6i&n=50&6h=w://32.v.u/6g.31",6f:"6e"}],1y:{6d:1,6c:\'#6b\',6a:\'#69\',68:"67",66:30,65:r,},"64":{63:"%62 2m%m%61%5z%5y%5x.u%5w%5v%5u.2y%22 2k%m%1o%22 5t%m%1o%22 5s%m%1o%22 2j%m%5r%22 16%m%5q%22 15%m%5p%22 5o%2z%5n%5m%2z",5l:"w://v.u/d/1k/5k.2y",5j:[]},\'5i\':{"5h":"5g"},5f:"5e",5d:"w://v.u",5c:{},5b:l,1x:[0.25,0.50,0.75,1,1.25,1.5,2]});h 1m,1n,5a;h 59=0,58=0;h 7=g("1j");h 2x=0,57=0,56=0;$.55({54:{\'53-52\':\'2i-51\'}});7.j(\'4z\',6(x){c(5>0&&x.1l>=5&&1n!=1){1n=1;$(\'q.4y\').4x(\'4w\')}});7.j(\'13\',6(x){2x=x.1l});7.j(\'2g\',6(x){2w(x)});7.j(\'4v\',6(){$(\'q.2v\').4u()});6 2w(x){$(\'q.2v\').4t();c(1m)19;1m=1;17=0;c(4s.4r===l){17=1}$.4q(\'/2u?b=4p&2l=1k&4o=2t-4n-4m-2s-4l&4k=&4j=&4i=&17=\'+17,6(2r){$(\'#4h\').4g(2r)});$(\'.3-8-4f-4e:4d("4c")\').2h(6(e){2q();g().4b(0);g().4a(l)});6 2q(){h $14=$("<q />").2p({1l:"49",16:"r%",15:"r%",48:0,2n:0,2o:47,46:"45(10%, 10%, 10%, 0.4)","44-43":"42"});$("<41 />").2p({16:"60%",15:"60%",2o:40,"3z-2n":"3y"}).3x({\'2m\':\'/?b=3w&2l=1k\',\'2k\':\'0\',\'2j\':\'2i\'}).2f($14);$14.2h(6(){$(3v).3u();g().2g()});$14.2f($(\'#1j\'))}g().13(0);}6 3t(){h 9=7.1b(2e);2d.2c(9);c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==2e){2d.2c(\'!!=\'+i);7.1p(i)}}}}7.j(\'3s\',6(){g().1h("/2a/3r.29","3q 10 28",6(){g().13(g().27()+10)},"2b");$("q[26=2b]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');g().1h("/2a/3p.29","3o 10 28",6(){h 12=g().27()-10;c(12<0)12=0;g().13(12)},"24");$("q[26=24]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');});6 1i(){}7.j(\'3n\',6(){1i()});7.j(\'3m\',6(){1i()});7.j("k",6(y){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n<2)19;$(\'.3-8-3l-3k\').3j(6(){$(\'#3-8-a-k\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\')});7.1h("/3i/3h.3g","3f 3e",6(){$(\'.3-1w\').3d(\'3-8-1v\');$(\'.3-8-1y, .3-8-1x\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');c($(\'.3-1w\').3c(\'3-8-1v\')){$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'l\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'l\');$(\'.3-8-a\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').3b(\'3-8-a-z\')}3a{$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\')}},"39");7.j("38",6(y){1d.37(\'1c\',y.9[y.36].1a)});c(1d.1t(\'1c\')){35("1s(1d.1t(\'1c\'));",34)}});h 18;6 1s(1q){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==1q){c(i==18){19}18=i;7.1p(i)}}}}',36,270,'|||jw|||function|player|settings|tracks|submenu||if||||jwplayer|var||on|audioTracks|true|3D|length|aria|attr|div|100|||sx|filemoon|https||event|active||false|tt|seek|dd|height|width|adb|current_audio|return|name|getAudioTracks|default_audio|localStorage|removeClass|expanded|checked|addButton|callMeMaybe|vplayer|0fxcyc2ajhp1|position|vvplay|vvad|220|setCurrentAudioTrack|audio_name|for|audio_set|getItem|last|open|controls|playbackRates|captions|rewind|icon|insertAfter||detach|ff00||button|getPosition|sec|png|player8|ff11|log|console|track_name|appendTo|play|click|no|scrolling|frameborder|file_code|src|top|zIndex|css|showCCform|data|1662367683|383371|dl|video_ad|doPlay|prevt|mp4|3E||jpg|thumbs|file|300|setTimeout|currentTrack|setItem|audioTrackChanged|dualSound|else|addClass|hasClass|toggleClass|Track|Audio|svg|dualy|images|mousedown|buttons|topbar|playAttemptFailed|beforePlay|Rewind|fr|Forward|ff|ready|set_audio_track|remove|this|upload_srt|prop|50px|margin|1000001|iframe|center|align|text|rgba|background|1000000|left|absolute|pause|setCurrentCaptions|Upload|contains|item|content|html|fviews|referer|prem|embed|3e57249ef633e0d03bf76ceb8d8a4b65|216|83|hash|view|get|TokenZir|window|hide|show|complete|slow|fadeIn|video_ad_fadein|time||cache|Cache|Content|headers|ajaxSetup|v2done|tott|vastdone2|vastdone1|vvbefore|playbackRateControls|cast|aboutlink|FileMoon|abouttext|UHD|1870|qualityLabels|sites|GNOME_POWER|link|2Fiframe|3C|allowfullscreen|22360|22640|22no|marginheight|marginwidth|2FGNOME_POWER|2F0fxcyc2ajhp1|2Fe|2Ffilemoon|2F|3A||22https|3Ciframe|code|sharing|fontOpacity|backgroundOpacity|Tahoma|fontFamily|303030|backgroundColor|FFFFFF|color|userFontScale|thumbnails|kind|0fxcyc2ajhp10000|url|get_slides|start|startparam|none|preload|html5|primary|hlshtml|androidhls|duration|uniform|stretching|0fxcyc2ajhp1_xt|image|2048|sp|6871|asn|127|srv|43200|_g3XlBcu2lmD9oDexD2NLWSmah2Nu3XcDrl93m9PwXY|m3u8||master|0fxcyc2ajhp1_x|00076|01|hls2|to|s01|delivery|storage|moon|sources|setup'''.split('|')))  # noqa: SIM905
 
     def test_join(self):
         test_input = list('test')
@@ -393,6 +404,8 @@ def test_split(self):
         test_result = list('test')
         tests = [
             'function f(a, b){return a.split(b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){return a["split"](b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){let x = ["split"]; return a[x[0]](b)}',
             'function f(a, b){return String.prototype.split.call(a, b)}',
             'function f(a, b){return String.prototype.split.apply(a, [b])}',
         ]
@@ -431,6 +444,40 @@ def test_slice(self):
         self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-1, 1)}', '')
         self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-3, -1)}', '67')
 
+    def test_splice(self):
+        self._test('function f(){var T = ["0", "1", "2"]; T["splice"](2, 1, "0")[0]; return T }', ['0', '1', '0'])
+
+    def test_js_number_to_string(self):
+        for test, radix, expected in [
+            (0, None, '0'),
+            (-0, None, '0'),
+            (0.0, None, '0'),
+            (-0.0, None, '0'),
+            (math.nan, None, 'NaN'),
+            (-math.nan, None, 'NaN'),
+            (math.inf, None, 'Infinity'),
+            (-math.inf, None, '-Infinity'),
+            (10 ** 21.5, 8, '526665530627250154000000'),
+            (6, 2, '110'),
+            (254, 16, 'fe'),
+            (-10, 2, '-1010'),
+            (-0xff, 2, '-11111111'),
+            (0.1 + 0.2, 16, '0.4cccccccccccd'),
+            (1234.1234, 10, '1234.1234'),
+            # (1000000000000000128, 10, '1000000000000000100')
+        ]:
+            assert js_number_to_string(test, radix) == expected
+
+    def test_extract_function(self):
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function a(b) { return b + 1; }')
+        func = jsi.extract_function('a')
+        self.assertEqual(func([2]), 3)
+
+    def test_extract_function_with_global_stack(self):
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function c(d) { return d + e + f + g; }')
+        func = jsi.extract_function('c', {'e': 10}, {'f': 100, 'g': 1000})
+        self.assertEqual(func([1]), 1111)
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_networking.py b/test/test_networking.py
index d96624af1..3ab60fe83 100644
--- a/test/test_networking.py
+++ b/test/test_networking.py
@@ -614,7 +614,6 @@ def test_source_address(self, handler):
                 rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/source_address')).read().decode()
             assert source_address == data
 
-    # Not supported by CurlCFFI
     @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'not supported by curl-cffi')
     def test_gzip_trailing_garbage(self, handler):
         with handler() as rh:
@@ -720,6 +719,15 @@ def test_allproxy(self, handler):
                     rh, Request(
                         f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'all': 'http://10.255.255.255'})).close()
 
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(lambda _, handler: handler not in ['Urllib', 'CurlCFFI'], 'handler does not support keep_header_casing')
+    def test_keep_header_casing(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', headers={'X-test-heaDer': 'test'}, extensions={'keep_header_casing': True})).read().decode()
+
+            assert 'X-test-heaDer: test' in res
+
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
 class TestClientCertificate:
@@ -1289,6 +1297,7 @@ class HTTPSupportedRH(ValidationRH):
             ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
             ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
             ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'keep_header_casing': True}, UnsupportedRequest),
         ]),
         ('Requests', 'http', [
             ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
@@ -1299,6 +1308,9 @@ class HTTPSupportedRH(ValidationRH):
             ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
             ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
             ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'keep_header_casing': False}, False),
+            ({'keep_header_casing': True}, False),
+            ({'keep_header_casing': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
         ]),
         ('CurlCFFI', 'http', [
             ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
diff --git a/test/test_plugins.py b/test/test_plugins.py
index c82158e9f..195726b18 100644
--- a/test/test_plugins.py
+++ b/test/test_plugins.py
@@ -10,21 +10,71 @@
 sys.path.append(str(TEST_DATA_DIR))
 importlib.invalidate_caches()
 
-from yt_dlp.plugins import PACKAGE_NAME, directories, load_plugins
+from yt_dlp.plugins import (
+    PACKAGE_NAME,
+    PluginSpec,
+    directories,
+    load_plugins,
+    load_all_plugins,
+    register_plugin_spec,
+)
+
+from yt_dlp.globals import (
+    extractors,
+    postprocessors,
+    plugin_dirs,
+    plugin_ies,
+    plugin_pps,
+    all_plugins_loaded,
+    plugin_specs,
+)
+
+
+EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC = PluginSpec(
+    module_name='extractor',
+    suffix='IE',
+    destination=extractors,
+    plugin_destination=plugin_ies,
+)
+
+POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC = PluginSpec(
+    module_name='postprocessor',
+    suffix='PP',
+    destination=postprocessors,
+    plugin_destination=plugin_pps,
+)
+
+
+def reset_plugins():
+    plugin_ies.value = {}
+    plugin_pps.value = {}
+    plugin_dirs.value = ['default']
+    plugin_specs.value = {}
+    all_plugins_loaded.value = False
+    # Clearing override plugins is probably difficult
+    for module_name in tuple(sys.modules):
+        for plugin_type in ('extractor', 'postprocessor'):
+            if module_name.startswith(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.{plugin_type}.'):
+                del sys.modules[module_name]
+
+    importlib.invalidate_caches()
 
 
 class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):
 
     TEST_PLUGIN_DIR = TEST_DATA_DIR / PACKAGE_NAME
 
+    def setUp(self):
+        reset_plugins()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        reset_plugins()
+
     def test_directories_containing_plugins(self):
         self.assertIn(self.TEST_PLUGIN_DIR, map(Path, directories()))
 
     def test_extractor_classes(self):
-        for module_name in tuple(sys.modules):
-            if module_name.startswith(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor'):
-                del sys.modules[module_name]
-        plugins_ie = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
+        plugins_ie = load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
 
         self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
         self.assertIn('NormalPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
@@ -34,17 +84,29 @@ def test_extractor_classes(self):
             f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor._ignore' in sys.modules,
             'loaded module beginning with underscore')
         self.assertNotIn('IgnorePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('IgnorePluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
 
         # Don't load extractors with underscore prefix
         self.assertNotIn('_IgnoreUnderscorePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('_IgnoreUnderscorePluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
 
         # Don't load extractors not specified in __all__ (if supplied)
         self.assertNotIn('IgnoreNotInAllPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('IgnoreNotInAllPluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
         self.assertIn('InAllPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertIn('InAllPluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
+
+        # Don't load override extractors
+        self.assertNotIn('OverrideGenericIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('OverrideGenericIE', plugin_ies.value)
+        self.assertNotIn('_UnderscoreOverrideGenericIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('_UnderscoreOverrideGenericIE', plugin_ies.value)
 
     def test_postprocessor_classes(self):
-        plugins_pp = load_plugins('postprocessor', 'PP')
+        plugins_pp = load_plugins(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
         self.assertIn('NormalPluginPP', plugins_pp.keys())
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertIn('NormalPluginPP', plugin_pps.value)
 
     def test_importing_zipped_module(self):
         zip_path = TEST_DATA_DIR / 'zipped_plugins.zip'
@@ -57,10 +119,10 @@ def test_importing_zipped_module(self):
                 package = importlib.import_module(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.{plugin_type}')
                 self.assertIn(zip_path / PACKAGE_NAME / plugin_type, map(Path, package.__path__))
 
-            plugins_ie = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
+            plugins_ie = load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
             self.assertIn('ZippedPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
 
-            plugins_pp = load_plugins('postprocessor', 'PP')
+            plugins_pp = load_plugins(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
             self.assertIn('ZippedPluginPP', plugins_pp.keys())
 
         finally:
@@ -68,6 +130,117 @@ def test_importing_zipped_module(self):
             os.remove(zip_path)
             importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
 
+    def test_reloading_plugins(self):
+        reload_plugins_path = TEST_DATA_DIR / 'reload_plugins'
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        load_plugins(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        # Remove default folder and add reload_plugin path
+        sys.path.remove(str(TEST_DATA_DIR))
+        sys.path.append(str(reload_plugins_path))
+        importlib.invalidate_caches()
+        try:
+            for plugin_type in ('extractor', 'postprocessor'):
+                package = importlib.import_module(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.{plugin_type}')
+                self.assertIn(reload_plugins_path / PACKAGE_NAME / plugin_type, map(Path, package.__path__))
+
+            plugins_ie = load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+            self.assertIn('NormalPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+            self.assertTrue(
+                plugins_ie['NormalPluginIE'].REPLACED,
+                msg='Reloading has not replaced original extractor plugin')
+            self.assertTrue(
+                extractors.value['NormalPluginIE'].REPLACED,
+                msg='Reloading has not replaced original extractor plugin globally')
+
+            plugins_pp = load_plugins(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+            self.assertIn('NormalPluginPP', plugins_pp.keys())
+            self.assertTrue(plugins_pp['NormalPluginPP'].REPLACED,
+                            msg='Reloading has not replaced original postprocessor plugin')
+            self.assertTrue(
+                postprocessors.value['NormalPluginPP'].REPLACED,
+                msg='Reloading has not replaced original postprocessor plugin globally')
+
+        finally:
+            sys.path.remove(str(reload_plugins_path))
+            sys.path.append(str(TEST_DATA_DIR))
+            importlib.invalidate_caches()
+
+    def test_extractor_override_plugin(self):
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        from yt_dlp.extractor.generic import GenericIE
+
+        self.assertEqual(GenericIE.TEST_FIELD, 'override')
+        self.assertEqual(GenericIE.SECONDARY_TEST_FIELD, 'underscore-override')
+
+        self.assertEqual(GenericIE.IE_NAME, 'generic+override+underscore-override')
+        importlib.invalidate_caches()
+        #  test that loading a second time doesn't wrap a second time
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        from yt_dlp.extractor.generic import GenericIE
+        self.assertEqual(GenericIE.IE_NAME, 'generic+override+underscore-override')
+
+    def test_load_all_plugin_types(self):
+
+        # no plugin specs registered
+        load_all_plugins()
+
+        self.assertNotIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+
+        register_plugin_spec(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        register_plugin_spec(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        load_all_plugins()
+        self.assertTrue(all_plugins_loaded.value)
+
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+
+    def test_no_plugin_dirs(self):
+        register_plugin_spec(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        register_plugin_spec(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        plugin_dirs.value = []
+        load_all_plugins()
+
+        self.assertNotIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+
+    def test_set_plugin_dirs(self):
+        custom_plugin_dir = str(TEST_DATA_DIR / 'plugin_packages')
+        plugin_dirs.value = [custom_plugin_dir]
+
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.package', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertIn('PackagePluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
+
+    def test_invalid_plugin_dir(self):
+        plugin_dirs.value = ['invalid_dir']
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+    def test_append_plugin_dirs(self):
+        custom_plugin_dir = str(TEST_DATA_DIR / 'plugin_packages')
+
+        self.assertEqual(plugin_dirs.value, ['default'])
+        plugin_dirs.value.append(custom_plugin_dir)
+        self.assertEqual(plugin_dirs.value, ['default', custom_plugin_dir])
+
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.package', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertIn('PackagePluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
+
+    def test_get_plugin_spec(self):
+        register_plugin_spec(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        register_plugin_spec(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        self.assertEqual(plugin_specs.value.get('extractor'), EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        self.assertEqual(plugin_specs.value.get('postprocessor'), POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        self.assertIsNone(plugin_specs.value.get('invalid'))
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_socks.py b/test/test_socks.py
index 68af19d0c..f601fc8a5 100644
--- a/test/test_socks.py
+++ b/test/test_socks.py
@@ -216,7 +216,9 @@ def handle(self):
         protocol = websockets.ServerProtocol()
         connection = websockets.sync.server.ServerConnection(socket=self.request, protocol=protocol, close_timeout=0)
         connection.handshake()
-        connection.send(json.dumps(self.socks_info))
+        for message in connection:
+            if message == 'socks_info':
+                connection.send(json.dumps(self.socks_info))
         connection.close()
 
 
diff --git a/test/test_subtitles.py b/test/test_subtitles.py
index f3b005617..efd69b33d 100644
--- a/test/test_subtitles.py
+++ b/test/test_subtitles.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
     TedTalkIE,
     ThePlatformFeedIE,
     ThePlatformIE,
-    VikiIE,
     VimeoIE,
     WallaIE,
     YoutubeIE,
@@ -331,20 +330,6 @@ def test_subtitles_array_key(self):
         self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['it']), '4b3264186fbb103508abe5311cfcb9cd')
 
 
-@is_download_test
-@unittest.skip('IE broken - DRM only')
-class TestVikiSubtitles(BaseTestSubtitles):
-    url = 'http://www.viki.com/videos/1060846v-punch-episode-18'
-    IE = VikiIE
-
-    def test_allsubtitles(self):
-        self.DL.params['writesubtitles'] = True
-        self.DL.params['allsubtitles'] = True
-        subtitles = self.getSubtitles()
-        self.assertEqual(set(subtitles.keys()), {'en'})
-        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['en']), '53cb083a5914b2d84ef1ab67b880d18a')
-
-
 @is_download_test
 class TestThePlatformSubtitles(BaseTestSubtitles):
     # from http://www.3playmedia.com/services-features/tools/integrations/theplatform/
diff --git a/test/test_traversal.py b/test/test_traversal.py
index 5d9fbe1d1..bc433029d 100644
--- a/test/test_traversal.py
+++ b/test/test_traversal.py
@@ -4,8 +4,23 @@
 
 import pytest
 
-from yt_dlp.utils import dict_get, int_or_none, str_or_none
-from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from yt_dlp.utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    determine_ext,
+    dict_get,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    str_or_none,
+)
+from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    find_elements,
+    require,
+    subs_list_to_dict,
+    traverse_obj,
+    trim_str,
+    unpack,
+)
 
 _TEST_DATA = {
     100: 100,
@@ -24,6 +39,14 @@
     'dict': {},
 }
 
+_TEST_HTML = '''<html><body>
+    <div class="a">1</div>
+    <div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>
+    <div class="b" data-id="y" custom="z">3</div>
+    <p class="a">4</p>
+    <p id="d" custom="e">5</p>
+</body></html>'''
+
 
 class TestTraversal:
     def test_traversal_base(self):
@@ -420,6 +443,186 @@ def test_traversal_morsel(self):
         assert traverse_obj(morsel, [(None,), any]) == morsel, \
             'Morsel should not be implicitly changed to dict on usage'
 
+    def test_traversal_filter(self):
+        data = [None, False, True, 0, 1, 0.0, 1.1, '', 'str', {}, {0: 0}, [], [1]]
+
+        assert traverse_obj(data, [..., filter]) == [True, 1, 1.1, 'str', {0: 0}, [1]], \
+            '`filter` should filter falsy values'
+
+
+class TestTraversalHelpers:
+    def test_traversal_require(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ExtractorError):
+            traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['None', {require('value')}])
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['str', {require('value')}]) == 'str', \
+            '`require` should pass through non `None` values'
+
+    def test_subs_list_to_dict(self):
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.vtt'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1.ass'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2.ass'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.vtt'}],
+            'en': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1.ass'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2.ass'},
+            ],
+        }, 'function should build subtitle dict from list of subtitles'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'},
+            {'name': 'de'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'content': 'content'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'data': 'content',
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang=None)}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'}],
+            'en': [{'data': 'content'}],
+        }, 'subs with mandatory items missing should be filtered'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass', 'name': 'de'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en', 'name': 'en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'ext': ['url', {determine_ext(default_ext=None)}],
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(ext='ext')}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass', 'ext': 'ass'}],
+            'en': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en', 'ext': 'ext'}],
+        }, '`ext` should set default ext but leave existing value untouched'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2', 'prio': True},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1', 'prio': False},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'quality': ['prio', {int}],
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(ext='ext')}]) == {'en': [
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1', 'ext': 'ext'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2', 'ext': 'ext'},
+        ]}, '`quality` key should sort subtitle list accordingly'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'},
+            {'name': 'de'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'content': 'content'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'data': 'content',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='en')}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'}],
+            'en': [
+                {'data': 'content'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+            ],
+        }, 'optionally provided lang should be used if no id available'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+            {'name': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'ext': 'ext',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang=None)}]) == {
+            'de': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+            ],
+        }, 'non str types should be ignored for id and ext'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+            {'name': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': 1, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+            {'name': 'de', 'ext': {}, 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+            'ext': 'ext',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='de')}]) == {
+            'de': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de1'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de2'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de3'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de4'},
+            ],
+        }, 'non str types should be replaced by default id'
+
+    def test_trim_str(self):
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            trim_str('positional')
+
+        assert callable(trim_str(start='a'))
+        assert trim_str(start='ab')('abc') == 'c'
+        assert trim_str(end='bc')('abc') == 'a'
+        assert trim_str(start='a', end='c')('abc') == 'b'
+        assert trim_str(start='ab', end='c')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='a', end='bc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='ab', end='bc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='abc', end='abc')('abc') == ''
+        assert trim_str(start='', end='')('abc') == 'abc'
+
+    def test_unpack(self):
+        assert unpack(lambda *x: ''.join(map(str, x)))([1, 2, 3]) == '123'
+        assert unpack(join_nonempty)([1, 2, 3]) == '1-2-3'
+        assert unpack(join_nonempty, delim=' ')([1, 2, 3]) == '1 2 3'
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            unpack(join_nonempty)()
+        with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+            unpack()
+
+    def test_find_element(self):
+        for improper_kwargs in [
+            dict(attr='data-id'),
+            dict(value='y'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', cls='a'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', id='x'),
+            dict(cls='a', id='x'),
+            dict(cls='a', tag='p'),
+            dict(cls='[ab]', regex=True),
+        ]:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                find_element(**improper_kwargs)(_TEST_HTML)
+
+        assert find_element(cls='a')(_TEST_HTML) == '1'
+        assert find_element(cls='a', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="a">1</div>'
+        assert find_element(id='x')(_TEST_HTML) == '2'
+        assert find_element(id='[ex]')(_TEST_HTML) is None
+        assert find_element(id='[ex]', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '2'
+        assert find_element(id='x', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>'
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y')(_TEST_HTML) == '3'
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y(?:es)?')(_TEST_HTML) is None
+        assert find_element(attr='data-id', value='y(?:es)?', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '3'
+        assert find_element(
+            attr='data-id', value='y', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == '<div class="b" data-id="y" custom="z">3</div>'
+
+    def test_find_elements(self):
+        for improper_kwargs in [
+            dict(tag='p'),
+            dict(attr='data-id'),
+            dict(value='y'),
+            dict(attr='data-id', value='y', cls='a'),
+            dict(cls='a', tag='div'),
+            dict(cls='[ab]', regex=True),
+        ]:
+            with pytest.raises(AssertionError):
+                find_elements(**improper_kwargs)(_TEST_HTML)
+
+        assert find_elements(cls='a')(_TEST_HTML) == ['1', '2', '4']
+        assert find_elements(cls='a', html=True)(_TEST_HTML) == [
+            '<div class="a">1</div>', '<div class="a" id="x" custom="z">2</div>', '<p class="a">4</p>']
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='z')(_TEST_HTML) == ['2', '3']
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='[ez]')(_TEST_HTML) == []
+        assert find_elements(attr='custom', value='[ez]', regex=True)(_TEST_HTML) == ['2', '3', '5']
+
 
 class TestDictGet:
     def test_dict_get(self):
diff --git a/test/test_update.py b/test/test_update.py
index 63a21e445..23c12d38c 100644
--- a/test/test_update.py
+++ b/test/test_update.py
@@ -82,16 +82,32 @@
 lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
 lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lock 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+lock 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lock 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lock 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 '''
 
 TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL = r'''%s
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2024.10.22 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2023.11.15.232826 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-nightly-builds 2024.10.22.051025 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2023.11.15.232812 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.045052 py2exe .+
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 linux_(?:armv7l|aarch64)_exe .+-glibc2\.(?:[12]?\d|30)\b
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 (?!\w+_exe).+ Python 3\.8
+lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds 2024.10.22.060347 win(?:_x86)?_exe Python 3\.[78].+ Windows-(?:7-|2008ServerR2)
 '''
 
 TEST_LOCKFILE_V2 = TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL % TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT
@@ -145,43 +161,76 @@ def test(lockfile, identifier, input_tag, expect_tag, exact=False, repo='yt-dlp/
         for lockfile in (TEST_LOCKFILE_V1, TEST_LOCKFILE_V2, TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL, TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK):
             # Normal operation
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
-            # Python 3.6 --update should update only to its lock
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.12.0', '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            # py2exe should never update beyond 2024.10.22
+            test(lockfile, 'py2exe Python 3.8', '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(lockfile, 'py2exe Python 3.8', '2025.01.01', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.6 --update should update only to the py3.6 lock
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', '2022.08.18.36')
-            # --update-to an exact version later than the lock should return None
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', None, exact=True)
-            # Python 3.7 should be able to update to its lock
+            # Python 3.6 --update-to an exact version later than the py3.6 lock should return None
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.6.0', '2023.11.16', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.7 should be able to update to the py3.7 lock
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.0', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16', exact=True)
-            # Non-win_x86_exe builds on py3.7 must be locked
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.11.16', '2023.11.16', exact=True)
+            # Non-win_x86_exe builds on py3.7 must be locked at py3.7 lock
             test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', '2023.11.16')
-            test(lockfile, 'zip stable Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
-            test(  # Windows Vista w/ win_x86_exe must be locked
-                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.7.1', '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
+            # Python 3.8 should only update to the py3.8 lock
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.8.10', '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(lockfile, 'zip Python 3.8.110', '2025.01.01', None, exact=True)
+            test(  # Windows Vista w/ win_x86_exe must be locked at Vista lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
                 '2023.12.31', '2023.11.16')
-            test(  # Windows 2008Server w/ win_x86_exe must be locked
+            test(  # Windows 2008Server w/ win_x86_exe must be locked at Vista lock
                 lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-2008Server',
                 '2023.12.31', None, exact=True)
-            test(  # Windows 7 w/ win_x86_exe py3.7 build should be able to update beyond lock
-                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
-                '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31')
-            test(  # Windows 8.1 w/ '2008Server' in platform string should be able to update beyond lock
+            test(  # Windows 7 w/ win_x86_exe py3.7 build should be able to update beyond py3.7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+                '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            test(  # Windows 7 win_x86_exe should only update to Win7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # Windows 2008ServerR2 win_exe should only update to Win7 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_exe Python 3.8.10 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-2008ServerR2',
+                '2025.12.31', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # Windows 8.1 w/ '2008Server' in platform string should be able to update beyond py3.7 lock
                 lockfile, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-post2008Server-6.2.9200',
                 '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', exact=True)
+            test(  # win_exe built w/Python 3.8 on Windows>=8 should be able to update beyond py3.8 lock
+                lockfile, 'win_exe Python 3.8.10 (CPython AMD64 64bit) - Windows-10-10.0.20348-SP0',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01', exact=True)
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/glibc2.7 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 32bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-armv7l-with-glibc2.7',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/Python 3.8 and glibc>=2.31 should be able to update beyond py3.8 and glibc<2.31 locks
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 32bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-armv7l-with-glibc2.31',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01')
+            test(  # linux_armv7l_exe w/glibc2.30 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_armv7l_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython armv7l 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.30 (OpenSSL',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.17 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.17',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.40 and glibc>=2.31 should be able to update beyond py3.8 and glibc<2.31 locks
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.40',
+                '2025.01.01', '2025.01.01')
+            test(  # linux_aarch64_exe w/glibc2.3 should only update to glibc<2.31 lock
+                lockfile, 'linux_aarch64_exe Python 3.8.0 (CPython aarch64 64bit) - Linux-6.5.0-1025-azure-aarch64-with-glibc2.3 (OpenSSL',
+                '2025.01.01', '2024.10.22')
 
         # Forks can block updates to non-numeric tags rather than lock
         test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.6.3', 'pr0000', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.7.4', 'pr0000', 'pr0000', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.7.4', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.7.4', 'pr0000', 'pr0000', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.7.4', 'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
         test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.8.1', 'pr1234', 'pr1234', repo='fork/yt-dlp', exact=True)
         test(
-            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
+            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-Vista-6.0.6003-SP2',
             'pr1234', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp')
         test(
-            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe stable Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
+            TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'win_x86_exe Python 3.7.9 (CPython x86 32bit) - Windows-7-6.1.7601-SP1',
             '2023.12.31', '2023.12.31', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
         test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.11.2', 'pr9999', None, repo='fork/yt-dlp', exact=True)
-        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip stable Python 3.12.0', 'pr9999', 'pr9999', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
+        test(TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK, 'zip Python 3.12.0', 'pr9999', 'pr9999', repo='fork/yt-dlp')
 
     def test_query_update(self):
         ydl = FakeYDL()
diff --git a/test/test_utils.py b/test/test_utils.py
index a2b459352..e60ceed8f 100644
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -3,24 +3,25 @@
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
 import sys
-import unittest
-import warnings
-import datetime as dt
 
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 
 
 import contextlib
+import datetime as dt
 import io
 import itertools
 import json
+import pickle
 import subprocess
+import unittest
+import unittest.mock
+import warnings
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from yt_dlp.compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_HTMLParseError,
-    compat_os_name,
 )
 from yt_dlp.utils import (
     Config,
@@ -48,7 +49,6 @@
     dfxp2srt,
     encode_base_n,
     encode_compat_str,
-    encodeFilename,
     expand_path,
     extract_attributes,
     extract_basic_auth,
@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@
     get_elements_html_by_class,
     get_elements_text_and_html_by_attribute,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     iri_to_uri,
     is_html,
     js_to_json,
@@ -220,10 +219,8 @@ def test_sanitize_ids(self):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('_BD_eEpuzXw', is_id=True), '_BD_eEpuzXw')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('N0Y__7-UOdI', is_id=True), 'N0Y__7-UOdI')
 
+    @unittest.mock.patch('sys.platform', 'win32')
     def test_sanitize_path(self):
-        if sys.platform != 'win32':
-            return
-
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc'), 'abc')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc/def'), 'abc\\def')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc\\def'), 'abc\\def')
@@ -250,11 +247,33 @@ def test_sanitize_path(self):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc/def...'), 'abc\\def..#')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc.../def'), 'abc..#\\def')
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc.../def...'), 'abc..#\\def..#')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:\\abc:%(title)s.%(ext)s'), 'C:\\abc#%(title)s.%(ext)s')
 
-        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('../abc'), '..\\abc')
-        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('../../abc'), '..\\..\\abc')
-        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./abc'), 'abc')
-        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./../abc'), '..\\abc')
+        # Check with nt._path_normpath if available
+        try:
+            from nt import _path_normpath as nt_path_normpath
+        except ImportError:
+            nt_path_normpath = None
+
+        for test, expected in [
+            ('C:\\', 'C:\\'),
+            ('../abc', '..\\abc'),
+            ('../../abc', '..\\..\\abc'),
+            ('./abc', 'abc'),
+            ('./../abc', '..\\abc'),
+            ('\\abc', '\\abc'),
+            ('C:abc', 'C:abc'),
+            ('C:abc\\..\\', 'C:'),
+            ('C:abc\\..\\def\\..\\..\\', 'C:..'),
+            ('C:\\abc\\xyz///..\\def\\', 'C:\\abc\\def'),
+            ('abc/../', '.'),
+            ('./abc/../', '.'),
+        ]:
+            result = sanitize_path(test)
+            assert result == expected, f'{test} was incorrectly resolved'
+            assert result == sanitize_path(result), f'{test} changed after sanitizing again'
+            if nt_path_normpath:
+                assert result == nt_path_normpath(test), f'{test} does not match nt._path_normpath'
 
     def test_sanitize_url(self):
         self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('//foo.bar'), 'http://foo.bar')
@@ -337,11 +356,13 @@ def test_remove_start(self):
         self.assertEqual(remove_start(None, 'A - '), None)
         self.assertEqual(remove_start('A - B', 'A - '), 'B')
         self.assertEqual(remove_start('B - A', 'A - '), 'B - A')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_start('non-empty', ''), 'non-empty')
 
     def test_remove_end(self):
         self.assertEqual(remove_end(None, ' - B'), None)
         self.assertEqual(remove_end('A - B', ' - B'), 'A')
         self.assertEqual(remove_end('B - A', ' - B'), 'B - A')
+        self.assertEqual(remove_end('non-empty', ''), 'non-empty')
 
     def test_remove_quotes(self):
         self.assertEqual(remove_quotes(None), None)
@@ -557,10 +578,10 @@ def test_smuggle_url(self):
         self.assertEqual(res_data, {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'})
 
     def test_shell_quote(self):
-        args = ['ffmpeg', '-i', encodeFilename('ñ€ß\'.mp4')]
+        args = ['ffmpeg', '-i', 'ñ€ß\'.mp4']
         self.assertEqual(
             shell_quote(args),
-            """ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""" if compat_os_name != 'nt' else '''ffmpeg -i "ñ€ß'.mp4"''')
+            """ffmpeg -i 'ñ€ß'"'"'.mp4'""" if os.name != 'nt' else '''ffmpeg -i "ñ€ß'.mp4"''')
 
     def test_float_or_none(self):
         self.assertEqual(float_or_none('42.42'), 42.42)
@@ -921,6 +942,11 @@ def test_parse_codecs(self):
             'acodec': 'none',
             'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
         })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00'), {
+            'vcodec': 'vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
+        })
         self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0'), {
             'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0',
             'acodec': 'none',
@@ -1234,6 +1260,7 @@ def test_js_to_json_edgecases(self):
     def test_js_to_json_malformed(self):
         self.assertEqual(js_to_json('42a1'), '42"a1"')
         self.assertEqual(js_to_json('42a-1'), '42"a"-1')
+        self.assertEqual(js_to_json('{a: `${e("")}`}'), '{"a": "\\"e\\"(\\"\\")"}')
 
     def test_js_to_json_template_literal(self):
         self.assertEqual(js_to_json('`Hello ${name}`', {'name': '"world"'}), '"Hello world"')
@@ -1295,15 +1322,10 @@ def test_clean_html(self):
         self.assertEqual(clean_html('a:\n   "b"'), 'a: "b"')
         self.assertEqual(clean_html('a<br>\xa0b'), 'a\nb')
 
-    def test_intlist_to_bytes(self):
-        self.assertEqual(
-            intlist_to_bytes([0, 1, 127, 128, 255]),
-            b'\x00\x01\x7f\x80\xff')
-
     def test_args_to_str(self):
         self.assertEqual(
             args_to_str(['foo', 'ba/r', '-baz', '2 be', '']),
-            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if compat_os_name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""',
+            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if os.name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""',
         )
 
     def test_parse_filesize(self):
@@ -2062,21 +2084,26 @@ def test_http_header_dict(self):
         headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
         headers['ytdl-test'] = b'0'
         self.assertEqual(list(headers.items()), [('Ytdl-Test', '0')])
+        self.assertEqual(list(headers.sensitive().items()), [('ytdl-test', '0')])
         headers['ytdl-test'] = 1
         self.assertEqual(list(headers.items()), [('Ytdl-Test', '1')])
+        self.assertEqual(list(headers.sensitive().items()), [('ytdl-test', '1')])
         headers['Ytdl-test'] = '2'
         self.assertEqual(list(headers.items()), [('Ytdl-Test', '2')])
+        self.assertEqual(list(headers.sensitive().items()), [('Ytdl-test', '2')])
         self.assertTrue('ytDl-Test' in headers)
         self.assertEqual(str(headers), str(dict(headers)))
         self.assertEqual(repr(headers), str(dict(headers)))
 
         headers.update({'X-dlp': 'data'})
         self.assertEqual(set(headers.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', '2'), ('X-Dlp', 'data')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers.sensitive().items()), {('Ytdl-test', '2'), ('X-dlp', 'data')})
         self.assertEqual(dict(headers), {'Ytdl-Test': '2', 'X-Dlp': 'data'})
         self.assertEqual(len(headers), 2)
         self.assertEqual(headers.copy(), headers)
-        headers2 = HTTPHeaderDict({'X-dlp': 'data3'}, **headers, **{'X-dlp': 'data2'})
+        headers2 = HTTPHeaderDict({'X-dlp': 'data3'}, headers, **{'X-dlP': 'data2'})
         self.assertEqual(set(headers2.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', '2'), ('X-Dlp', 'data2')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers2.sensitive().items()), {('Ytdl-test', '2'), ('X-dlP', 'data2')})
         self.assertEqual(len(headers2), 2)
         headers2.clear()
         self.assertEqual(len(headers2), 0)
@@ -2084,16 +2111,23 @@ def test_http_header_dict(self):
         # ensure we prefer latter headers
         headers3 = HTTPHeaderDict({'Ytdl-TeSt': 1}, {'Ytdl-test': 2})
         self.assertEqual(set(headers3.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', '2')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers3.sensitive().items()), {('Ytdl-test', '2')})
         del headers3['ytdl-tesT']
         self.assertEqual(dict(headers3), {})
 
         headers4 = HTTPHeaderDict({'ytdl-test': 'data;'})
         self.assertEqual(set(headers4.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', 'data;')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers4.sensitive().items()), {('ytdl-test', 'data;')})
 
         # common mistake: strip whitespace from values
         # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8729
         headers5 = HTTPHeaderDict({'ytdl-test': ' data; '})
         self.assertEqual(set(headers5.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', 'data;')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers5.sensitive().items()), {('ytdl-test', 'data;')})
+
+        # test if picklable
+        headers6 = HTTPHeaderDict(a=1, b=2)
+        self.assertEqual(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(headers6)), headers6)
 
     def test_extract_basic_auth(self):
         assert extract_basic_auth('http://:foo.bar') == ('http://:foo.bar', None)
@@ -2103,7 +2137,7 @@ def test_extract_basic_auth(self):
         assert extract_basic_auth('http://user:@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic dXNlcjo=')
         assert extract_basic_auth('http://user:pass@foo.bar') == ('http://foo.bar', 'Basic dXNlcjpwYXNz')
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(compat_os_name == 'nt', 'Only relevant on Windows')
+    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'nt', 'Only relevant on Windows')
     def test_windows_escaping(self):
         tests = [
             'test"&',
@@ -2137,6 +2171,12 @@ def run_shell(args):
             assert run_shell(args) == expected
             assert run_shell(shell_quote(args, shell=True)) == expected
 
+    def test_partial_application(self):
+        assert callable(int_or_none(scale=10)), 'missing positional parameter should apply partially'
+        assert int_or_none(10, scale=0.1) == 100, 'positionally passed argument should call function'
+        assert int_or_none(v=10) == 10, 'keyword passed positional should call function'
+        assert int_or_none(scale=0.1)(10) == 100, 'call after partial application should call the function'
+
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     unittest.main()
diff --git a/test/test_websockets.py b/test/test_websockets.py
index 06112cc0b..dead5fe5c 100644
--- a/test/test_websockets.py
+++ b/test/test_websockets.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def websocket_handler(websocket):
                 return websocket.send('2')
         elif isinstance(message, str):
             if message == 'headers':
-                return websocket.send(json.dumps(dict(websocket.request.headers)))
+                return websocket.send(json.dumps(dict(websocket.request.headers.raw_items())))
             elif message == 'path':
                 return websocket.send(websocket.request.path)
             elif message == 'source_address':
@@ -266,18 +266,18 @@ def test_cookies(self, handler):
         with handler(cookiejar=cookiejar) as rh:
             ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
             ws.send('headers')
-            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
+            assert HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
             ws.close()
 
         with handler() as rh:
             ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
             ws.send('headers')
-            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            assert 'cookie' not in HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))
             ws.close()
 
             ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, extensions={'cookiejar': cookiejar}))
             ws.send('headers')
-            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
+            assert HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
             ws.close()
 
     @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Websockets', 'Set-Cookie not supported by websockets')
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ def test_cookie_sync_only_cookiejar(self, handler):
             ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/get_cookie', extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
             ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
             ws.send('headers')
-            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            assert 'cookie' not in HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))
             ws.close()
 
     @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Websockets', 'Set-Cookie not supported by websockets')
@@ -298,12 +298,12 @@ def test_cookie_sync_delete_cookie(self, handler):
             ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/get_cookie'))
             ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
             ws.send('headers')
-            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
+            assert HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
             ws.close()
             cookiejar.clear_session_cookies()
             ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
             ws.send('headers')
-            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            assert 'cookie' not in HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))
             ws.close()
 
     def test_source_address(self, handler):
@@ -341,6 +341,14 @@ def test_request_headers(self, handler):
             assert headers['test3'] == 'test3'
             ws.close()
 
+    def test_keep_header_casing(self, handler):
+        with handler(headers=HTTPHeaderDict({'x-TeSt1': 'test'})) as rh:
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, headers={'x-TeSt2': 'test'}, extensions={'keep_header_casing': True}))
+            ws.send('headers')
+            headers = json.loads(ws.recv())
+            assert 'x-TeSt1' in headers
+            assert 'x-TeSt2' in headers
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize('client_cert', (
         {'client_certificate': os.path.join(MTLS_CERT_DIR, 'clientwithkey.crt')},
         {
diff --git a/test/test_youtube_signature.py b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
index 0f7ae34f4..0f0885366 100644
--- a/test/test_youtube_signature.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
@@ -68,6 +68,71 @@
         '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
         'AOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8j7v1pDL2QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0',
     ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/3bb1f723/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'MyOSJXtKI3m-uME_jv7-pT12gOFC02RFkGoqWpzE0Cs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/2f1832d2/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        '0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xxAj7v1pDL0QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJ2OySqa0q',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'AAOAOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8j7vgpDL0QwbdV06sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOS21Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOy1',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/363db69b/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        '0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpz2ICs6EVdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/363db69b/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        '0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpz2ICs6EVdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/4fcd6e4a/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'wAOAOq0QJ8ARAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8q7v1pDL0QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/4fcd6e4a/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'wAOAOq0QJ8ARAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8q7v1pDL0QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20830619/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        '7AOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkAs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8jOv1pDL0Q2bdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0qaw',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20830619/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        '7AOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkAs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8jOv1pDL0Q2bdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0qaw',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20830619/player-plasma-ias-phone-en_US.vflset/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        '7AOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkAs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8jOv1pDL0Q2bdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0qaw',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20830619/player-plasma-ias-tablet-en_US.vflset/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        '7AOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkAs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8jOv1pDL0Q2bdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOySqa0qaw',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/8a8ac953/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'IAOAOq0QJ8wRAAgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8j7v1pDL0QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_E2u-m37KtXJoOySqa0',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/8a8ac953/tv-player-es6.vflset/tv-player-es6.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'IAOAOq0QJ8wRAAgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8j7v1pDL0QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_E2u-m37KtXJoOySqa0',
+    ),
 ]
 
 _NSIG_TESTS = [
@@ -183,6 +248,74 @@
         'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/b12cc44b/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
         'keLa5R2U00sR9SQK', 'N1OGyujjEwMnLw',
     ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/3bb1f723/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'gK15nzVyaXE9RsMP3z', 'ZFFWFLPWx9DEgQ',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/2f1832d2/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'YWt1qdbe8SAfkoPHW5d', 'RrRjWQOJmBiP',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/9c6dfc4a/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'jbu7ylIosQHyJyJV', 'uwI0ESiynAmhNg',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/e7567ecf/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'Sy4aDGc0VpYRR9ew_', '5UPOT1VhoZxNLQ',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/d50f54ef/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'Ha7507LzRmH3Utygtj', 'XFTb2HoeOE5MHg',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/074a8365/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'Ha7507LzRmH3Utygtj', 'ufTsrE0IVYrkl8v',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'N5uAlLqm0eg1GyHO', 'dCBQOejdq5s-ww',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/69f581a5/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        '-qIP447rVlTTwaZjY', 'KNcGOksBAvwqQg',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        'ir9-V6cdbCiyKxhr', '2PL7ZDYAALMfmA',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/363db69b/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'eWYu5d5YeY_4LyEDc', 'XJQqf-N7Xra3gg',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/4fcd6e4a/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'o_L251jm8yhZkWtBW', 'lXoxI3XvToqn6A',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/4fcd6e4a/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'o_L251jm8yhZkWtBW', 'lXoxI3XvToqn6A',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20830619/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        'ir9-V6cdbCiyKxhr', '9YE85kNjZiS4',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20830619/player-plasma-ias-phone-en_US.vflset/base.js',
+        'ir9-V6cdbCiyKxhr', '9YE85kNjZiS4',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20830619/player-plasma-ias-tablet-en_US.vflset/base.js',
+        'ir9-V6cdbCiyKxhr', '9YE85kNjZiS4',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/8a8ac953/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'MiBYeXx_vRREbiCCmh', 'RtZYMVvmkE0JE',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/8a8ac953/tv-player-es6.vflset/tv-player-es6.js',
+        'MiBYeXx_vRREbiCCmh', 'RtZYMVvmkE0JE',
+    ),
 ]
 
 
@@ -196,6 +329,8 @@ def test_youtube_extract_player_info(self):
             ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/64dddad9/player-plasma-ias-phone-en_US.vflset/base.js', '64dddad9'),
             ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/64dddad9/player-plasma-ias-phone-de_DE.vflset/base.js', '64dddad9'),
             ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/64dddad9/player-plasma-ias-tablet-en_US.vflset/base.js', '64dddad9'),
+            ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/e7567ecf/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js', 'e7567ecf'),
+            ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js', '643afba4'),
             # obsolete
             ('https://www.youtube.com/yts/jsbin/player_ias-vfle4-e03/en_US/base.js', 'vfle4-e03'),
             ('https://www.youtube.com/yts/jsbin/player_ias-vfl49f_g4/en_US/base.js', 'vfl49f_g4'),
@@ -228,43 +363,51 @@ def t_factory(name, sig_func, url_pattern):
     def make_tfunc(url, sig_input, expected_sig):
         m = url_pattern.match(url)
         assert m, f'{url!r} should follow URL format'
-        test_id = m.group('id')
+        test_id = re.sub(r'[/.-]', '_', m.group('id') or m.group('compat_id'))
 
         def test_func(self):
-            basename = f'player-{name}-{test_id}.js'
+            basename = f'player-{test_id}.js'
             fn = os.path.join(self.TESTDATA_DIR, basename)
 
             if not os.path.exists(fn):
                 urllib.request.urlretrieve(url, fn)
             with open(fn, encoding='utf-8') as testf:
                 jscode = testf.read()
-            self.assertEqual(sig_func(jscode, sig_input), expected_sig)
+            self.assertEqual(sig_func(jscode, sig_input, url), expected_sig)
 
         test_func.__name__ = f'test_{name}_js_{test_id}'
         setattr(TestSignature, test_func.__name__, test_func)
     return make_tfunc
 
 
-def signature(jscode, sig_input):
-    func = YoutubeIE(FakeYDL())._parse_sig_js(jscode)
+def signature(jscode, sig_input, player_url):
+    func = YoutubeIE(FakeYDL())._parse_sig_js(jscode, player_url)
     src_sig = (
         str(string.printable[:sig_input])
         if isinstance(sig_input, int) else sig_input)
     return func(src_sig)
 
 
-def n_sig(jscode, sig_input):
-    funcname = YoutubeIE(FakeYDL())._extract_n_function_name(jscode)
-    return JSInterpreter(jscode).call_function(funcname, sig_input)
+def n_sig(jscode, sig_input, player_url):
+    ie = YoutubeIE(FakeYDL())
+    funcname = ie._extract_n_function_name(jscode, player_url=player_url)
+    jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
+    func = jsi.extract_function_from_code(*ie._fixup_n_function_code(*jsi.extract_function_code(funcname), jscode, player_url))
+    return func([sig_input])
 
 
 make_sig_test = t_factory(
-    'signature', signature, re.compile(r'.*(?:-|/player/)(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/.+\.js|(?:/watch_as3|/html5player)?\.[a-z]+)$'))
+    'signature', signature,
+    re.compile(r'''(?x)
+        .+(?:
+            /player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_/.-]+)|
+            /html5player-(?:en_US-)?(?P<compat_id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/watch_as3|/html5player)?
+        )\.js$'''))
 for test_spec in _SIG_TESTS:
     make_sig_test(*test_spec)
 
 make_nsig_test = t_factory(
-    'nsig', n_sig, re.compile(r'.+/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/.+.js$'))
+    'nsig', n_sig, re.compile(r'.+/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_/.-]+)\.js$'))
 for test_spec in _NSIG_TESTS:
     make_nsig_test(*test_spec)
 
diff --git a/test/testdata/netrc/netrc b/test/testdata/netrc/netrc
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..bafe92fe6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/netrc/netrc
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+machine normal_use login user password pass
+machine empty_user login "" password pass
+machine empty_pass login user password ""
+machine both_empty login "" password ""
diff --git a/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py b/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5c25814f8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/netrc/print_netrc.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+with open('./test/testdata/netrc/netrc', encoding='utf-8') as fp:
+    print(fp.read())
diff --git a/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py b/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..39020fef9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class PackagePluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'package'
+    pass
diff --git a/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py b/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6b927077f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class NormalPluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'normal'
+    REPLACED = True
+
+
+class _IgnoreUnderscorePluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    pass
diff --git a/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py b/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5e44ba2b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from yt_dlp.postprocessor.common import PostProcessor
+
+
+class NormalPluginPP(PostProcessor):
+    REPLACED = True
diff --git a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/ignore.py b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/ignore.py
index 816a16aa2..dca111a37 100644
--- a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/ignore.py
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/ignore.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ class IgnoreNotInAllPluginIE(InfoExtractor):
 
 
 class InAllPluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'inallpluginie'
     pass
 
 
diff --git a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py
index b09009bdc..996b2936f 100644
--- a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@
 
 
 class NormalPluginIE(InfoExtractor):
-    pass
+    _VALID_URL = 'normalpluginie'
+    REPLACED = False
 
 
 class _IgnoreUnderscorePluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'ignoreunderscorepluginie'
     pass
diff --git a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/override.py b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/override.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..766dc32e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/override.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.generic import GenericIE
+
+
+class OverrideGenericIE(GenericIE, plugin_name='override'):
+    TEST_FIELD = 'override'
diff --git a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/overridetwo.py b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/overridetwo.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..826184c64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/overridetwo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.generic import GenericIE
+
+
+class _UnderscoreOverrideGenericIE(GenericIE, plugin_name='underscore-override'):
+    SECONDARY_TEST_FIELD = 'underscore-override'
diff --git a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py
index 315b85a48..1e94d7b8b 100644
--- a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@
 
 
 class NormalPluginPP(PostProcessor):
-    pass
+    REPLACED = False
diff --git a/test/testdata/zipped_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/zipped.py b/test/testdata/zipped_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/zipped.py
index 01542e0d8..c5140bb02 100644
--- a/test/testdata/zipped_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/zipped.py
+++ b/test/testdata/zipped_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/zipped.py
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@
 
 
 class ZippedPluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'zippedpluginie'
     pass
diff --git a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
index 9691a1ea7..63e6e11b2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -26,13 +26,22 @@
 
 from .cache import Cache
 from .compat import urllib  # isort: split
-from .compat import compat_os_name, urllib_req_to_req
-from .cookies import LenientSimpleCookie, load_cookies
+from .compat import urllib_req_to_req
+from .cookies import CookieLoadError, LenientSimpleCookie, load_cookies
 from .downloader import FFmpegFD, get_suitable_downloader, shorten_protocol_name
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
-from .extractor import gen_extractor_classes, get_info_extractor
+from .extractor import gen_extractor_classes, get_info_extractor, import_extractors
 from .extractor.common import UnsupportedURLIE
 from .extractor.openload import PhantomJSwrapper
+from .globals import (
+    IN_CLI,
+    LAZY_EXTRACTORS,
+    plugin_ies,
+    plugin_ies_overrides,
+    plugin_pps,
+    all_plugins_loaded,
+    plugin_dirs,
+)
 from .minicurses import format_text
 from .networking import HEADRequest, Request, RequestDirector
 from .networking.common import _REQUEST_HANDLERS, _RH_PREFERENCES
@@ -44,8 +53,7 @@
     network_exceptions,
 )
 from .networking.impersonate import ImpersonateRequestHandler
-from .plugins import directories as plugin_directories
-from .postprocessor import _PLUGIN_CLASSES as plugin_pps
+from .plugins import directories as plugin_directories, load_all_plugins
 from .postprocessor import (
     EmbedThumbnailPP,
     FFmpegFixupDuplicateMoovPP,
@@ -109,7 +117,6 @@
     determine_ext,
     determine_protocol,
     encode_compat_str,
-    encodeFilename,
     escapeHTML,
     expand_path,
     extract_basic_auth,
@@ -154,12 +161,11 @@
     try_get,
     url_basename,
     variadic,
-    version_tuple,
     windows_enable_vt_mode,
     write_json_file,
     write_string,
 )
-from .utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError, _YDLLogger
+from .utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError, _YDLLogger, _ProgressState
 from .utils.networking import (
     HTTPHeaderDict,
     clean_headers,
@@ -168,7 +174,7 @@
 )
 from .version import CHANNEL, ORIGIN, RELEASE_GIT_HEAD, VARIANT, __version__
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+if os.name == 'nt':
     import ctypes
 
 
@@ -251,7 +257,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     format_sort_force: Force the given format_sort. see "Sorting Formats"
                        for more details.
     prefer_free_formats: Whether to prefer video formats with free containers
-                       over non-free ones of same quality.
+                       over non-free ones of the same quality.
     allow_multiple_video_streams:   Allow multiple video streams to be merged
                        into a single file
     allow_multiple_audio_streams:   Allow multiple audio streams to be merged
@@ -268,7 +274,9 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     outtmpl_na_placeholder: Placeholder for unavailable meta fields.
     restrictfilenames: Do not allow "&" and spaces in file names
     trim_file_name:    Limit length of filename (extension excluded)
-    windowsfilenames:  Force the filenames to be windows compatible
+    windowsfilenames:  True: Force filenames to be Windows compatible
+                       False: Sanitize filenames only minimally
+                       This option has no effect when running on Windows
     ignoreerrors:      Do not stop on download/postprocessing errors.
                        Can be 'only_download' to ignore only download errors.
                        Default is 'only_download' for CLI, but False for API
@@ -283,9 +291,12 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     lazy_playlist:     Process playlist entries as they are received.
     matchtitle:        Download only matching titles.
     rejecttitle:       Reject downloads for matching titles.
-    logger:            Log messages to a logging.Logger instance.
+    logger:            A class having a `debug`, `warning` and `error` function where
+                       each has a single string parameter, the message to be logged.
+                       For compatibility reasons, both debug and info messages are passed to `debug`.
+                       A debug message will have a prefix of `[debug] ` to discern it from info messages.
     logtostderr:       Print everything to stderr instead of stdout.
-    consoletitle:      Display progress in console window's titlebar.
+    consoletitle:      Display progress in the console window's titlebar.
     writedescription:  Write the video description to a .description file
     writeinfojson:     Write the video description to a .info.json file
     clean_infojson:    Remove internal metadata from the infojson
@@ -471,7 +482,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
                        The following options do not work when used through the API:
                        filename, abort-on-error, multistreams, no-live-chat,
                        format-sort, no-clean-infojson, no-playlist-metafiles,
-                       no-keep-subs, no-attach-info-json, allow-unsafe-ext.
+                       no-keep-subs, no-attach-info-json, allow-unsafe-ext, prefer-vp9-sort.
                        Refer __init__.py for their implementation
     progress_template: Dictionary of templates for progress outputs.
                        Allowed keys are 'download', 'postprocess',
@@ -513,7 +524,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     The following options are used by the extractors:
     extractor_retries: Number of times to retry for known errors (default: 3)
     dynamic_mpd:       Whether to process dynamic DASH manifests (default: True)
-    hls_split_discontinuity: Split HLS playlists to different formats at
+    hls_split_discontinuity: Split HLS playlists into different formats at
                        discontinuities such as ad breaks (default: False)
     extractor_args:    A dictionary of arguments to be passed to the extractors.
                        See "EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS" for details.
@@ -553,7 +564,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
     include_ads:       - Doesn't work
                        Download ads as well
     call_home:         - Not implemented
-                       Boolean, true iff we are allowed to contact the
+                       Boolean, true if we are allowed to contact the
                        yt-dlp servers for debugging.
     post_hooks:        - Register a custom postprocessor
                        A list of functions that get called as the final step
@@ -595,7 +606,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:
         # NB: Keep in sync with the docstring of extractor/common.py
         'url', 'manifest_url', 'manifest_stream_number', 'ext', 'format', 'format_id', 'format_note',
         'width', 'height', 'aspect_ratio', 'resolution', 'dynamic_range', 'tbr', 'abr', 'acodec', 'asr', 'audio_channels',
-        'vbr', 'fps', 'vcodec', 'container', 'filesize', 'filesize_approx', 'rows', 'columns',
+        'vbr', 'fps', 'vcodec', 'container', 'filesize', 'filesize_approx', 'rows', 'columns', 'hls_media_playlist_data',
         'player_url', 'protocol', 'fragment_base_url', 'fragments', 'is_from_start', 'is_dash_periods', 'request_data',
         'preference', 'language', 'language_preference', 'quality', 'source_preference', 'cookies',
         'http_headers', 'stretched_ratio', 'no_resume', 'has_drm', 'extra_param_to_segment_url', 'extra_param_to_key_url',
@@ -639,13 +650,15 @@ def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
         self.cache = Cache(self)
         self.__header_cookies = []
 
+        # compat for API: load plugins if they have not already
+        if not all_plugins_loaded.value:
+            load_all_plugins()
+
         stdout = sys.stderr if self.params.get('logtostderr') else sys.stdout
         self._out_files = Namespace(
             out=stdout,
             error=sys.stderr,
             screen=sys.stderr if self.params.get('quiet') else stdout,
-            console=None if compat_os_name == 'nt' else next(
-                filter(supports_terminal_sequences, (sys.stderr, sys.stdout)), None),
         )
 
         try:
@@ -653,6 +666,9 @@ def __init__(self, params=None, auto_init=True):
         except Exception as e:
             self.write_debug(f'Failed to enable VT mode: {e}')
 
+        # hehe "immutable" namespace
+        self._out_files.console = next(filter(supports_terminal_sequences, (sys.stderr, sys.stdout)), None)
+
         if self.params.get('no_color'):
             if self.params.get('color') is not None:
                 self.params.setdefault('_warnings', []).append(
@@ -953,21 +969,22 @@ def to_stderr(self, message, only_once=False):
             self._write_string(f'{self._bidi_workaround(message)}\n', self._out_files.error, only_once=only_once)
 
     def _send_console_code(self, code):
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt' or not self._out_files.console:
-            return
+        if not supports_terminal_sequences(self._out_files.console):
+            return False
         self._write_string(code, self._out_files.console)
+        return True
 
-    def to_console_title(self, message):
-        if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
+    def to_console_title(self, message=None, progress_state=None, percent=None):
+        if not self.params.get('consoletitle'):
             return
-        message = remove_terminal_sequences(message)
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
-            if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
-                # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
-                # already of type unicode()
-                ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(message))
-        else:
-            self._send_console_code(f'\033]0;{message}\007')
+
+        if message:
+            success = self._send_console_code(f'\033]0;{remove_terminal_sequences(message)}\007')
+            if not success and os.name == 'nt' and ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
+                ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(message)
+
+        if isinstance(progress_state, _ProgressState):
+            self._send_console_code(progress_state.get_ansi_escape(percent))
 
     def save_console_title(self):
         if not self.params.get('consoletitle') or self.params.get('simulate'):
@@ -981,6 +998,7 @@ def restore_console_title(self):
 
     def __enter__(self):
         self.save_console_title()
+        self.to_console_title(progress_state=_ProgressState.INDETERMINATE)
         return self
 
     def save_cookies(self):
@@ -989,6 +1007,7 @@ def save_cookies(self):
 
     def __exit__(self, *args):
         self.restore_console_title()
+        self.to_console_title(progress_state=_ProgressState.HIDDEN)
         self.close()
 
     def close(self):
@@ -1118,7 +1137,7 @@ def report_file_delete(self, file_name):
     def raise_no_formats(self, info, forced=False, *, msg=None):
         has_drm = info.get('_has_drm')
         ignored, expected = self.params.get('ignore_no_formats_error'), bool(msg)
-        msg = msg or has_drm and 'This video is DRM protected' or 'No video formats found!'
+        msg = msg or (has_drm and 'This video is DRM protected') or 'No video formats found!'
         if forced or not ignored:
             raise ExtractorError(msg, video_id=info['id'], ie=info['extractor'],
                                  expected=has_drm or ignored or expected)
@@ -1194,8 +1213,7 @@ def _copy_infodict(info_dict):
 
     def prepare_outtmpl(self, outtmpl, info_dict, sanitize=False):
         """ Make the outtmpl and info_dict suitable for substitution: ydl.escape_outtmpl(outtmpl) % info_dict
-        @param sanitize    Whether to sanitize the output as a filename.
-                           For backward compatibility, a function can also be passed
+        @param sanitize    Whether to sanitize the output as a filename
         """
 
         info_dict.setdefault('epoch', int(time.time()))  # keep epoch consistent once set
@@ -1311,14 +1329,23 @@ def get_value(mdict):
 
         na = self.params.get('outtmpl_na_placeholder', 'NA')
 
-        def filename_sanitizer(key, value, restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames')):
+        def filename_sanitizer(key, value, restricted):
             return sanitize_filename(str(value), restricted=restricted, is_id=(
                 bool(re.search(r'(^|[_.])id(\.|$)', key))
                 if 'filename-sanitization' in self.params['compat_opts']
                 else NO_DEFAULT))
 
-        sanitizer = sanitize if callable(sanitize) else filename_sanitizer
-        sanitize = bool(sanitize)
+        if callable(sanitize):
+            self.deprecation_warning('Passing a callable "sanitize" to YoutubeDL.prepare_outtmpl is deprecated')
+        elif not sanitize:
+            pass
+        elif (sys.platform != 'win32' and not self.params.get('restrictfilenames')
+                and self.params.get('windowsfilenames') is False):
+            def sanitize(key, value):
+                return str(value).replace('/', '\u29F8').replace('\0', '')
+        else:
+            def sanitize(key, value):
+                return filename_sanitizer(key, value, restricted=self.params.get('restrictfilenames'))
 
         def _dumpjson_default(obj):
             if isinstance(obj, (set, LazyList)):
@@ -1401,13 +1428,13 @@ def create_key(outer_mobj):
 
             if sanitize:
                 # If value is an object, sanitize might convert it to a string
-                # So we convert it to repr first
+                # So we manually convert it before sanitizing
                 if fmt[-1] == 'r':
                     value, fmt = repr(value), str_fmt
                 elif fmt[-1] == 'a':
                     value, fmt = ascii(value), str_fmt
                 if fmt[-1] in 'csra':
-                    value = sanitizer(last_field, value)
+                    value = sanitize(last_field, value)
 
             key = '{}\0{}'.format(key.replace('%', '%\0'), outer_mobj.group('format'))
             TMPL_DICT[key] = value
@@ -1624,7 +1651,7 @@ def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
             while True:
                 try:
                     return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
-                except (DownloadCancelled, LazyList.IndexError, PagedList.IndexError):
+                except (CookieLoadError, DownloadCancelled, LazyList.IndexError, PagedList.IndexError):
                     raise
                 except ReExtractInfo as e:
                     if e.expected:
@@ -1949,6 +1976,7 @@ def _playlist_infodict(ie_result, strict=False, **kwargs):
             'playlist_uploader_id': ie_result.get('uploader_id'),
             'playlist_channel': ie_result.get('channel'),
             'playlist_channel_id': ie_result.get('channel_id'),
+            'playlist_webpage_url': ie_result.get('webpage_url'),
             **kwargs,
         }
         if strict:
@@ -2109,7 +2137,7 @@ def _build_format_filter(self, filter_spec):
         m = operator_rex.fullmatch(filter_spec)
         if m:
             try:
-                comparison_value = int(m.group('value'))
+                comparison_value = float(m.group('value'))
             except ValueError:
                 comparison_value = parse_filesize(m.group('value'))
                 if comparison_value is None:
@@ -2197,7 +2225,7 @@ def _select_formats(self, formats, selector):
     def _default_format_spec(self, info_dict):
         prefer_best = (
             self.params['outtmpl']['default'] == '-'
-            or info_dict.get('is_live') and not self.params.get('live_from_start'))
+            or (info_dict.get('is_live') and not self.params.get('live_from_start')))
 
         def can_merge():
             merger = FFmpegMergerPP(self)
@@ -2366,7 +2394,7 @@ def _merge(formats_pair):
                 vexts=[f['ext'] for f in video_fmts],
                 aexts=[f['ext'] for f in audio_fmts],
                 preferences=(try_call(lambda: self.params['merge_output_format'].split('/'))
-                             or self.params.get('prefer_free_formats') and ('webm', 'mkv')))
+                             or (self.params.get('prefer_free_formats') and ('webm', 'mkv'))))
 
             filtered = lambda *keys: filter(None, (traverse_obj(fmt, *keys) for fmt in formats_info))
 
@@ -2850,13 +2878,10 @@ def is_wellformed(f):
             sanitize_string_field(fmt, 'format_id')
             sanitize_numeric_fields(fmt)
             fmt['url'] = sanitize_url(fmt['url'])
-            if fmt.get('ext') is None:
-                fmt['ext'] = determine_ext(fmt['url']).lower()
+            FormatSorter._fill_sorting_fields(fmt)
             if fmt['ext'] in ('aac', 'opus', 'mp3', 'flac', 'vorbis'):
                 if fmt.get('acodec') is None:
                     fmt['acodec'] = fmt['ext']
-            if fmt.get('protocol') is None:
-                fmt['protocol'] = determine_protocol(fmt)
             if fmt.get('resolution') is None:
                 fmt['resolution'] = self.format_resolution(fmt, default=None)
             if fmt.get('dynamic_range') is None and fmt.get('vcodec') != 'none':
@@ -3259,9 +3284,9 @@ def check_max_downloads():
 
         if full_filename is None:
             return
-        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(full_filename)):
+        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(full_filename):
             return
-        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(temp_filename)):
+        if not self._ensure_dir_exists(temp_filename):
             return
 
         if self._write_description('video', info_dict,
@@ -3293,16 +3318,16 @@ def check_max_downloads():
         if self.params.get('writeannotations', False):
             annofn = self.prepare_filename(info_dict, 'annotation')
         if annofn:
-            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
+            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(annofn):
                 return
-            if not self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(annofn)):
+            if not self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(annofn):
                 self.to_screen('[info] Video annotations are already present')
             elif not info_dict.get('annotations'):
                 self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
             else:
                 try:
                     self.to_screen('[info] Writing video annotations to: ' + annofn)
-                    with open(encodeFilename(annofn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
+                    with open(annofn, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as annofile:
                         annofile.write(info_dict['annotations'])
                 except (KeyError, TypeError):
                     self.report_warning('There are no annotations to write.')
@@ -3318,14 +3343,14 @@ def _write_link_file(link_type):
                     f'Cannot write internet shortcut file because the actual URL of "{info_dict["webpage_url"]}" is unknown')
                 return True
             linkfn = replace_extension(self.prepare_filename(info_dict, 'link'), link_type, info_dict.get('ext'))
-            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(linkfn)):
+            if not self._ensure_dir_exists(linkfn):
                 return False
-            if self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(linkfn)):
+            if self.params.get('overwrites', True) and os.path.exists(linkfn):
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Internet shortcut (.{link_type}) is already present')
                 return True
             try:
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing internet shortcut (.{link_type}) to: {linkfn}')
-                with open(encodeFilename(to_high_limit_path(linkfn)), 'w', encoding='utf-8',
+                with open(to_high_limit_path(linkfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8',
                           newline='\r\n' if link_type == 'url' else '\n') as linkfile:
                     template_vars = {'url': url}
                     if link_type == 'desktop':
@@ -3356,7 +3381,7 @@ def _write_link_file(link_type):
 
         if self.params.get('skip_download'):
             info_dict['filepath'] = temp_filename
-            info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(full_filename)))
+            info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(full_filename))
             info_dict['__files_to_move'] = files_to_move
             replace_info_dict(self.run_pp(MoveFilesAfterDownloadPP(self, False), info_dict))
             info_dict['__write_download_archive'] = self.params.get('force_write_download_archive')
@@ -3486,7 +3511,7 @@ def correct_ext(filename, ext=new_ext):
                         self.report_file_already_downloaded(dl_filename)
 
                 dl_filename = dl_filename or temp_filename
-                info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(full_filename)))
+                info_dict['__finaldir'] = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(full_filename))
 
             except network_exceptions as err:
                 self.report_error(f'unable to download video data: {err}')
@@ -3545,8 +3570,8 @@ def ffmpeg_fixup(cndn, msg, cls):
                                      and info_dict.get('container') == 'm4a_dash',
                                      'writing DASH m4a. Only some players support this container',
                                      FFmpegFixupM4aPP)
-                        ffmpeg_fixup(downloader == 'hlsnative' and not self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts')
-                                     or info_dict.get('is_live') and self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts') is None,
+                        ffmpeg_fixup((downloader == 'hlsnative' and not self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts'))
+                                     or (info_dict.get('is_live') and self.params.get('hls_use_mpegts') is None),
                                      'Possible MPEG-TS in MP4 container or malformed AAC timestamps',
                                      FFmpegFixupM3u8PP)
                         ffmpeg_fixup(downloader == 'dashsegments'
@@ -3580,6 +3605,8 @@ def __download_wrapper(self, func):
         def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
             try:
                 res = func(*args, **kwargs)
+            except CookieLoadError:
+                raise
             except UnavailableVideoError as e:
                 self.report_error(e)
             except DownloadCancelled as e:
@@ -3982,15 +4009,6 @@ def print_debug_header(self):
         if not self.params.get('verbose'):
             return
 
-        from . import _IN_CLI  # Must be delayed import
-
-        # These imports can be slow. So import them only as needed
-        from .extractor.extractors import _LAZY_LOADER
-        from .extractor.extractors import (
-            _PLUGIN_CLASSES as plugin_ies,
-            _PLUGIN_OVERRIDES as plugin_ie_overrides,
-        )
-
         def get_encoding(stream):
             ret = str(getattr(stream, 'encoding', f'missing ({type(stream).__name__})'))
             additional_info = []
@@ -4029,17 +4047,18 @@ def get_encoding(stream):
             _make_label(ORIGIN, CHANNEL.partition('@')[2] or __version__, __version__),
             f'[{RELEASE_GIT_HEAD[:9]}]' if RELEASE_GIT_HEAD else '',
             '' if source == 'unknown' else f'({source})',
-            '' if _IN_CLI else 'API' if klass == YoutubeDL else f'API:{self.__module__}.{klass.__qualname__}',
+            '' if IN_CLI.value else 'API' if klass == YoutubeDL else f'API:{self.__module__}.{klass.__qualname__}',
             delim=' '))
 
-        if not _IN_CLI:
+        if not IN_CLI.value:
             write_debug(f'params: {self.params}')
 
-        if not _LAZY_LOADER:
-            if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'):
-                write_debug('Lazy loading extractors is forcibly disabled')
-            else:
-                write_debug('Lazy loading extractors is disabled')
+        import_extractors()
+        lazy_extractors = LAZY_EXTRACTORS.value
+        if lazy_extractors is None:
+            write_debug('Lazy loading extractors is disabled')
+        elif not lazy_extractors:
+            write_debug('Lazy loading extractors is forcibly disabled')
         if self.params['compat_opts']:
             write_debug('Compatibility options: {}'.format(', '.join(self.params['compat_opts'])))
 
@@ -4068,31 +4087,27 @@ def get_encoding(stream):
 
         write_debug(f'Proxy map: {self.proxies}')
         write_debug(f'Request Handlers: {", ".join(rh.RH_NAME for rh in self._request_director.handlers.values())}')
-        for plugin_type, plugins in {'Extractor': plugin_ies, 'Post-Processor': plugin_pps}.items():
-            display_list = ['{}{}'.format(
-                klass.__name__, '' if klass.__name__ == name else f' as {name}')
-                for name, klass in plugins.items()]
+
+        for plugin_type, plugins in (('Extractor', plugin_ies), ('Post-Processor', plugin_pps)):
+            display_list = [
+                klass.__name__ if klass.__name__ == name else f'{klass.__name__} as {name}'
+                for name, klass in plugins.value.items()]
             if plugin_type == 'Extractor':
                 display_list.extend(f'{plugins[-1].IE_NAME.partition("+")[2]} ({parent.__name__})'
-                                    for parent, plugins in plugin_ie_overrides.items())
+                                    for parent, plugins in plugin_ies_overrides.value.items())
             if not display_list:
                 continue
             write_debug(f'{plugin_type} Plugins: {", ".join(sorted(display_list))}')
 
-        plugin_dirs = plugin_directories()
-        if plugin_dirs:
-            write_debug(f'Plugin directories: {plugin_dirs}')
+        plugin_dirs_msg = 'none'
+        if not plugin_dirs.value:
+            plugin_dirs_msg = 'none (disabled)'
+        else:
+            found_plugin_directories = plugin_directories()
+            if found_plugin_directories:
+                plugin_dirs_msg = ', '.join(found_plugin_directories)
 
-        # Not implemented
-        if False and self.params.get('call_home'):
-            ipaddr = self.urlopen('https://yt-dl.org/ip').read().decode()
-            write_debug(f'Public IP address: {ipaddr}')
-            latest_version = self.urlopen(
-                'https://yt-dl.org/latest/version').read().decode()
-            if version_tuple(latest_version) > version_tuple(__version__):
-                self.report_warning(
-                    f'You are using an outdated version (newest version: {latest_version})! '
-                    'See https://yt-dl.org/update if you need help updating.')
+        write_debug(f'Plugin directories: {plugin_dirs_msg}')
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def proxies(self):
@@ -4113,8 +4128,14 @@ def proxies(self):
     @functools.cached_property
     def cookiejar(self):
         """Global cookiejar instance"""
-        return load_cookies(
-            self.params.get('cookiefile'), self.params.get('cookiesfrombrowser'), self)
+        try:
+            return load_cookies(
+                self.params.get('cookiefile'), self.params.get('cookiesfrombrowser'), self)
+        except CookieLoadError as error:
+            cause = error.__context__
+            # compat: <=py3.9: `traceback.format_exception` has a different signature
+            self.report_error(str(cause), tb=''.join(traceback.format_exception(None, cause, cause.__traceback__)))
+            raise
 
     @property
     def _opener(self):
@@ -4131,7 +4152,7 @@ def _get_available_impersonate_targets(self):
             (target, rh.RH_NAME)
             for rh in self._request_director.handlers.values()
             if isinstance(rh, ImpersonateRequestHandler)
-            for target in rh.supported_targets
+            for target in reversed(rh.supported_targets)
         ]
 
     def _impersonate_target_available(self, target):
@@ -4300,7 +4321,7 @@ def _write_description(self, label, ie_result, descfn):
         else:
             try:
                 self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing {label} description to: {descfn}')
-                with open(encodeFilename(descfn), 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
+                with open(descfn, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as descfile:
                     descfile.write(ie_result['description'])
             except OSError:
                 self.report_error(f'Cannot write {label} description file {descfn}')
@@ -4384,7 +4405,9 @@ def _write_thumbnails(self, label, info_dict, filename, thumb_filename_base=None
             return None
 
         for idx, t in list(enumerate(thumbnails))[::-1]:
-            thumb_ext = (f'{t["id"]}.' if multiple else '') + determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
+            thumb_ext = t.get('ext') or determine_ext(t['url'], 'jpg')
+            if multiple:
+                thumb_ext = f'{t["id"]}.{thumb_ext}'
             thumb_display_id = f'{label} thumbnail {t["id"]}'
             thumb_filename = replace_extension(filename, thumb_ext, info_dict.get('ext'))
             thumb_filename_final = replace_extension(thumb_filename_base, thumb_ext, info_dict.get('ext'))
@@ -4400,7 +4423,7 @@ def _write_thumbnails(self, label, info_dict, filename, thumb_filename_base=None
                 try:
                     uf = self.urlopen(Request(t['url'], headers=t.get('http_headers', {})))
                     self.to_screen(f'[info] Writing {thumb_display_id} to: {thumb_filename}')
-                    with open(encodeFilename(thumb_filename), 'wb') as thumbf:
+                    with open(thumb_filename, 'wb') as thumbf:
                         shutil.copyfileobj(uf, thumbf)
                     ret.append((thumb_filename, thumb_filename_final))
                     t['filepath'] = thumb_filename
diff --git a/yt_dlp/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
index c0b8e3b50..714d9ad5c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/__init__.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 import sys
 
-if sys.version_info < (3, 8):
+if sys.version_info < (3, 9):
     raise ImportError(
-        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.8 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541
+        f'You are using an unsupported version of Python. Only Python versions 3.9 and above are supported by yt-dlp')  # noqa: F541
 
 __license__ = 'The Unlicense'
 
@@ -14,13 +14,14 @@
 import re
 import traceback
 
-from .compat import compat_os_name
-from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS
+from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS, CookieLoadError
 from .downloader.external import get_external_downloader
 from .extractor import list_extractor_classes
 from .extractor.adobepass import MSO_INFO
 from .networking.impersonate import ImpersonateTarget
+from .globals import IN_CLI, plugin_dirs
 from .options import parseOpts
+from .plugins import load_all_plugins as _load_all_plugins
 from .postprocessor import (
     FFmpegExtractAudioPP,
     FFmpegMergerPP,
@@ -43,7 +44,6 @@
     GeoUtils,
     PlaylistEntries,
     SameFileError,
-    decodeOption,
     download_range_func,
     expand_path,
     float_or_none,
@@ -67,8 +67,6 @@
 from .utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError
 from .YoutubeDL import YoutubeDL
 
-_IN_CLI = False
-
 
 def _exit(status=0, *args):
     for msg in args:
@@ -158,6 +156,9 @@ def set_default_compat(compat_name, opt_name, default=True, remove_compat=True):
             opts.embed_infojson = False
     if 'format-sort' in opts.compat_opts:
         opts.format_sort.extend(FormatSorter.ytdl_default)
+    elif 'prefer-vp9-sort' in opts.compat_opts:
+        opts.format_sort.extend(FormatSorter._prefer_vp9_sort)
+
     _video_multistreams_set = set_default_compat('multistreams', 'allow_multiple_video_streams', False, remove_compat=False)
     _audio_multistreams_set = set_default_compat('multistreams', 'allow_multiple_audio_streams', False, remove_compat=False)
     if _video_multistreams_set is False and _audio_multistreams_set is False:
@@ -235,6 +236,11 @@ def validate_minmax(min_val, max_val, min_name, max_name=None):
         validate_regex('format sorting', f, FormatSorter.regex)
 
     # Postprocessor formats
+    if opts.convertsubtitles == 'none':
+        opts.convertsubtitles = None
+    if opts.convertthumbnails == 'none':
+        opts.convertthumbnails = None
+
     validate_regex('merge output format', opts.merge_output_format,
                    r'({0})(/({0}))*'.format('|'.join(map(re.escape, FFmpegMergerPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS))))
     validate_regex('audio format', opts.audioformat, FFmpegExtractAudioPP.FORMAT_RE)
@@ -254,9 +260,11 @@ def parse_retries(name, value):
         elif value in ('inf', 'infinite'):
             return float('inf')
         try:
-            return int(value)
+            int_value = int(value)
         except (TypeError, ValueError):
             validate(False, f'{name} retry count', value)
+        validate_positive(f'{name} retry count', int_value)
+        return int_value
 
     opts.retries = parse_retries('download', opts.retries)
     opts.fragment_retries = parse_retries('fragment', opts.fragment_retries)
@@ -286,18 +294,20 @@ def parse_sleep_func(expr):
             raise ValueError(f'invalid {key} retry sleep expression {expr!r}')
 
     # Bytes
-    def validate_bytes(name, value):
+    def validate_bytes(name, value, strict_positive=False):
         if value is None:
             return None
         numeric_limit = parse_bytes(value)
-        validate(numeric_limit is not None, 'rate limit', value)
+        validate(numeric_limit is not None, name, value)
+        if strict_positive:
+            validate_positive(name, numeric_limit, True)
         return numeric_limit
 
-    opts.ratelimit = validate_bytes('rate limit', opts.ratelimit)
+    opts.ratelimit = validate_bytes('rate limit', opts.ratelimit, True)
     opts.throttledratelimit = validate_bytes('throttled rate limit', opts.throttledratelimit)
     opts.min_filesize = validate_bytes('min filesize', opts.min_filesize)
     opts.max_filesize = validate_bytes('max filesize', opts.max_filesize)
-    opts.buffersize = validate_bytes('buffer size', opts.buffersize)
+    opts.buffersize = validate_bytes('buffer size', opts.buffersize, True)
     opts.http_chunk_size = validate_bytes('http chunk size', opts.http_chunk_size)
 
     # Output templates
@@ -422,6 +432,10 @@ def metadataparser_actions(f):
     }
 
     # Other options
+    opts.plugin_dirs = opts.plugin_dirs
+    if opts.plugin_dirs is None:
+        opts.plugin_dirs = ['default']
+
     if opts.playlist_items is not None:
         try:
             tuple(PlaylistEntries.parse_playlist_items(opts.playlist_items))
@@ -874,8 +888,8 @@ def parse_options(argv=None):
         'listsubtitles': opts.listsubtitles,
         'subtitlesformat': opts.subtitlesformat,
         'subtitleslangs': opts.subtitleslangs,
-        'matchtitle': decodeOption(opts.matchtitle),
-        'rejecttitle': decodeOption(opts.rejecttitle),
+        'matchtitle': opts.matchtitle,
+        'rejecttitle': opts.rejecttitle,
         'max_downloads': opts.max_downloads,
         'prefer_free_formats': opts.prefer_free_formats,
         'trim_file_name': opts.trim_file_name,
@@ -976,6 +990,11 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
     if opts.ffmpeg_location:
         FFmpegPostProcessor._ffmpeg_location.set(opts.ffmpeg_location)
 
+    # load all plugins into the global lookup
+    plugin_dirs.value = opts.plugin_dirs
+    if plugin_dirs.value:
+        _load_all_plugins()
+
     with YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
         pre_process = opts.update_self or opts.rm_cachedir
         actual_use = all_urls or opts.load_info_filename
@@ -1002,8 +1021,9 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
                 # List of simplified targets we know are supported,
                 # to help users know what dependencies may be required.
                 (ImpersonateTarget('chrome'), 'curl_cffi'),
-                (ImpersonateTarget('edge'), 'curl_cffi'),
                 (ImpersonateTarget('safari'), 'curl_cffi'),
+                (ImpersonateTarget('firefox'), 'curl_cffi>=0.10'),
+                (ImpersonateTarget('edge'), 'curl_cffi'),
             ]
 
             available_targets = ydl._get_available_impersonate_targets()
@@ -1019,12 +1039,12 @@ def make_row(target, handler):
 
             for known_target, known_handler in known_targets:
                 if not any(
-                    known_target in target and handler == known_handler
+                    known_target in target and known_handler.startswith(handler)
                     for target, handler in available_targets
                 ):
-                    rows.append([
+                    rows.insert(0, [
                         ydl._format_out(text, ydl.Styles.SUPPRESS)
-                        for text in make_row(known_target, f'{known_handler} (not available)')
+                        for text in make_row(known_target, f'{known_handler} (unavailable)')
                     ])
 
             ydl.to_screen('[info] Available impersonate targets')
@@ -1039,7 +1059,7 @@ def make_row(target, handler):
             ydl.warn_if_short_id(args)
 
             # Show a useful error message and wait for keypress if not launched from shell on Windows
-            if not args and compat_os_name == 'nt' and getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
+            if not args and os.name == 'nt' and getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
                 import ctypes.wintypes
                 import msvcrt
 
@@ -1050,7 +1070,7 @@ def make_row(target, handler):
                 # If we only have a single process attached, then the executable was double clicked
                 # When using `pyinstaller` with `--onefile`, two processes get attached
                 is_onefile = hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS') and os.path.basename(sys._MEIPASS).startswith('_MEI')
-                if attached_processes == 1 or is_onefile and attached_processes == 2:
+                if attached_processes == 1 or (is_onefile and attached_processes == 2):
                     print(parser._generate_error_message(
                         'Do not double-click the executable, instead call it from a command line.\n'
                         'Please read the README for further information on how to use yt-dlp: '
@@ -1075,11 +1095,10 @@ def make_row(target, handler):
 
 
 def main(argv=None):
-    global _IN_CLI
-    _IN_CLI = True
+    IN_CLI.value = True
     try:
         _exit(*variadic(_real_main(argv)))
-    except DownloadError:
+    except (CookieLoadError, DownloadError):
         _exit(1)
     except SameFileError as e:
         _exit(f'ERROR: {e}')
@@ -1097,9 +1116,9 @@ def main(argv=None):
 from .extractor import gen_extractors, list_extractors
 
 __all__ = [
-    'main',
     'YoutubeDL',
-    'parse_options',
     'gen_extractors',
     'list_extractors',
+    'main',
+    'parse_options',
 ]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/aes.py b/yt_dlp/aes.py
index abf54a998..065901d68 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/aes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/aes.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 from .compat import compat_ord
 from .dependencies import Cryptodome
-from .utils import bytes_to_intlist, intlist_to_bytes
 
 if Cryptodome.AES:
     def aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, key, iv):
@@ -17,15 +16,15 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(data, key, tag, nonce):
 else:
     def aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(data, key, iv):
         """ Decrypt bytes with AES-CBC using native implementation since pycryptodome is unavailable """
-        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(*map(bytes_to_intlist, (data, key, iv))))
+        return bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(*map(list, (data, key, iv))))
 
     def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(data, key, tag, nonce):
         """ Decrypt bytes with AES-GCM using native implementation since pycryptodome is unavailable """
-        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(*map(bytes_to_intlist, (data, key, tag, nonce))))
+        return bytes(aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(*map(list, (data, key, tag, nonce))))
 
 
 def aes_cbc_encrypt_bytes(data, key, iv, **kwargs):
-    return intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(*map(bytes_to_intlist, (data, key, iv)), **kwargs))
+    return bytes(aes_cbc_encrypt(*map(list, (data, key, iv)), **kwargs))
 
 
 BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES = 16
@@ -84,7 +83,7 @@ def aes_ecb_encrypt(data, key, iv=None):
     @returns {int[]}           encrypted data
     """
     expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
 
     encrypted_data = []
     for i in range(block_count):
@@ -104,7 +103,7 @@ def aes_ecb_decrypt(data, key, iv=None):
     @returns {int[]}           decrypted data
     """
     expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
 
     encrypted_data = []
     for i in range(block_count):
@@ -135,7 +134,7 @@ def aes_ctr_encrypt(data, key, iv):
     @returns {int[]}           encrypted data
     """
     expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
     counter = iter_vector(iv)
 
     encrypted_data = []
@@ -159,7 +158,7 @@ def aes_cbc_decrypt(data, key, iv):
     @returns {int[]}           decrypted data
     """
     expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
 
     decrypted_data = []
     previous_cipher_block = iv
@@ -184,7 +183,7 @@ def aes_cbc_encrypt(data, key, iv, *, padding_mode='pkcs7'):
     @returns {int[]}           encrypted data
     """
     expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
 
     encrypted_data = []
     previous_cipher_block = iv
@@ -221,7 +220,7 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
         j0 = [*nonce, 0, 0, 0, 1]
     else:
         fill = (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - (len(nonce) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES + 8
-        ghash_in = nonce + [0] * fill + bytes_to_intlist((8 * len(nonce)).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
+        ghash_in = nonce + [0] * fill + list((8 * len(nonce)).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
         j0 = ghash(hash_subkey, ghash_in)
 
     # TODO: add nonce support to aes_ctr_decrypt
@@ -230,13 +229,13 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
     iv_ctr = inc(j0)
 
     decrypted_data = aes_ctr_decrypt(data, key, iv_ctr + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - len(iv_ctr)))
-    pad_len = len(data) // 16 * 16
+    pad_len = (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - (len(data) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES
     s_tag = ghash(
         hash_subkey,
         data
-        + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - len(data) + pad_len)        # pad
-        + bytes_to_intlist((0 * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')           # length of associated data
-                           + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big'))),  # length of data
+        + [0] * pad_len                                  # pad
+        + list((0 * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')                # length of associated data
+               + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big'))),  # length of data
     )
 
     if tag != aes_ctr_encrypt(s_tag, key, j0):
@@ -300,8 +299,8 @@ def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
     """
     NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES = 8
 
-    data = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data))
-    password = bytes_to_intlist(password.encode())
+    data = list(base64.b64decode(data))
+    password = list(password.encode())
 
     key = password[:key_size_bytes] + [0] * (key_size_bytes - len(password))
     key = aes_encrypt(key[:BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES], key_expansion(key)) * (key_size_bytes // BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
@@ -310,7 +309,7 @@ def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
     cipher = data[NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES:]
 
     decrypted_data = aes_ctr_decrypt(cipher, key, nonce + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES))
-    return intlist_to_bytes(decrypted_data)
+    return bytes(decrypted_data)
 
 
 RCON = (0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36)
@@ -535,19 +534,17 @@ def ghash(subkey, data):
 __all__ = [
     'aes_cbc_decrypt',
     'aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes',
-    'aes_ctr_decrypt',
-    'aes_decrypt_text',
-    'aes_decrypt',
-    'aes_ecb_decrypt',
-    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify',
-    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes',
-
     'aes_cbc_encrypt',
     'aes_cbc_encrypt_bytes',
+    'aes_ctr_decrypt',
     'aes_ctr_encrypt',
+    'aes_decrypt',
+    'aes_decrypt_text',
+    'aes_ecb_decrypt',
     'aes_ecb_encrypt',
     'aes_encrypt',
-
+    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify',
+    'aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes',
     'key_expansion',
     'pad_block',
     'pkcs7_padding',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
index d820adaf1..d77962068 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/__init__.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import os
-import sys
 import xml.etree.ElementTree as etree
 
 from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
@@ -24,33 +23,14 @@ def compat_etree_fromstring(text):
     return etree.XML(text, parser=etree.XMLParser(target=_TreeBuilder()))
 
 
-compat_os_name = os._name if os.name == 'java' else os.name
-
-
-def compat_shlex_quote(s):
-    from ..utils import shell_quote
-    return shell_quote(s)
-
-
 def compat_ord(c):
     return c if isinstance(c, int) else ord(c)
 
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt' and sys.version_info < (3, 8):
-    # os.path.realpath on Windows does not follow symbolic links
-    # prior to Python 3.8 (see https://bugs.python.org/issue9949)
-    def compat_realpath(path):
-        while os.path.islink(path):
-            path = os.path.abspath(os.readlink(path))
-        return os.path.realpath(path)
-else:
-    compat_realpath = os.path.realpath
-
-
 # Python 3.8+ does not honor %HOME% on windows, but this breaks compatibility with youtube-dl
 # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/792
 # https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.path.html#os.path.expanduser
-if compat_os_name in ('nt', 'ce'):
+if os.name in ('nt', 'ce'):
     def compat_expanduser(path):
         HOME = os.environ.get('HOME')
         if not HOME:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py b/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
index 607bae999..445acc1a0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_deprecated.py
@@ -8,16 +8,14 @@
     DeprecationWarning(f'{__name__}.{attr} is deprecated'), stacklevel=6))
 del passthrough_module
 
-import base64
-import urllib.error
-import urllib.parse
+import functools  # noqa: F401
+import os
 
-compat_str = str
 
-compat_b64decode = base64.b64decode
+compat_os_name = os.name
+compat_realpath = os.path.realpath
 
-compat_urlparse = urllib.parse
-compat_parse_qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs
-compat_urllib_parse_unquote = urllib.parse.unquote
-compat_urllib_parse_urlencode = urllib.parse.urlencode
-compat_urllib_parse_urlparse = urllib.parse.urlparse
+
+def compat_shlex_quote(s):
+    from ..utils import shell_quote
+    return shell_quote(s)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
index dfc792eae..dae2c1459 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@
 from re import Pattern as compat_Pattern  # noqa: F401
 from re import match as compat_Match  # noqa: F401
 
-from . import compat_expanduser, compat_HTMLParseError, compat_realpath
+from . import compat_expanduser, compat_HTMLParseError
 from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
 from ..dependencies import brotli as compat_brotli  # noqa: F401
 from ..dependencies import websockets as compat_websockets  # noqa: F401
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def compat_setenv(key, value, env=os.environ):
 compat_map = map
 compat_numeric_types = (int, float, complex)
 compat_os_path_expanduser = compat_expanduser
-compat_os_path_realpath = compat_realpath
+compat_os_path_realpath = os.path.realpath
 compat_print = print
 compat_shlex_split = shlex.split
 compat_socket_create_connection = socket.create_connection
@@ -104,5 +104,12 @@ def compat_setenv(key, value, env=os.environ):
 compat_xpath = lambda xpath: xpath
 compat_zip = zip
 workaround_optparse_bug9161 = lambda: None
+compat_str = str
+compat_b64decode = base64.b64decode
+compat_urlparse = urllib.parse
+compat_parse_qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs
+compat_urllib_parse_unquote = urllib.parse.unquote
+compat_urllib_parse_urlencode = urllib.parse.urlencode
+compat_urllib_parse_urlparse = urllib.parse.urlparse
 
 legacy = []
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py b/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
index d62b7d048..d8b3c45cd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/compat_utils.py
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def __getattr__(attr):
         callback(attr)
         return ret
 
-    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    @functools.cache
     def from_child(attr):
         nonlocal child
         if attr not in allowed_attributes:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py b/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 96689575f..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# flake8: noqa: F405
-from functools import *  # noqa: F403
-
-from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
-
-passthrough_module(__name__, 'functools')
-del passthrough_module
-
-try:
-    _ = cache  # >= 3.9
-except NameError:
-    cache = lru_cache(maxsize=None)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
index ad9fa83c8..dfc7f4a2d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/urllib/request.py
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 del passthrough_module
 
 
-from .. import compat_os_name
+import os
 
-if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+if os.name == 'nt':
     # On older Python versions, proxies are extracted from Windows registry erroneously. [1]
     # If the https proxy in the registry does not have a scheme, urllib will incorrectly add https:// to it. [2]
     # It is unlikely that the user has actually set it to be https, so we should be fine to safely downgrade
@@ -37,4 +37,4 @@ def getproxies_registry_patched():
     def getproxies():
         return getproxies_environment() or getproxies_registry_patched()
 
-del compat_os_name
+del os
diff --git a/yt_dlp/cookies.py b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
index 070d2fcb9..fad323c90 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/cookies.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@
     aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes,
     unpad_pkcs7,
 )
-from .compat import compat_os_name
 from .dependencies import (
     _SECRETSTORAGE_UNAVAILABLE_REASON,
     secretstorage,
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@
 from .minicurses import MultilinePrinter, QuietMultilinePrinter
 from .utils import (
     DownloadError,
+    YoutubeDLError,
     Popen,
     error_to_str,
     expand_path,
@@ -86,24 +86,31 @@ def _create_progress_bar(logger):
     return printer
 
 
+class CookieLoadError(YoutubeDLError):
+    pass
+
+
 def load_cookies(cookie_file, browser_specification, ydl):
-    cookie_jars = []
-    if browser_specification is not None:
-        browser_name, profile, keyring, container = _parse_browser_specification(*browser_specification)
-        cookie_jars.append(
-            extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile, YDLLogger(ydl), keyring=keyring, container=container))
+    try:
+        cookie_jars = []
+        if browser_specification is not None:
+            browser_name, profile, keyring, container = _parse_browser_specification(*browser_specification)
+            cookie_jars.append(
+                extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile, YDLLogger(ydl), keyring=keyring, container=container))
 
-    if cookie_file is not None:
-        is_filename = is_path_like(cookie_file)
-        if is_filename:
-            cookie_file = expand_path(cookie_file)
+        if cookie_file is not None:
+            is_filename = is_path_like(cookie_file)
+            if is_filename:
+                cookie_file = expand_path(cookie_file)
 
-        jar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(cookie_file)
-        if not is_filename or os.access(cookie_file, os.R_OK):
-            jar.load()
-        cookie_jars.append(jar)
+            jar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(cookie_file)
+            if not is_filename or os.access(cookie_file, os.R_OK):
+                jar.load()
+            cookie_jars.append(jar)
 
-    return _merge_cookie_jars(cookie_jars)
+        return _merge_cookie_jars(cookie_jars)
+    except Exception:
+        raise CookieLoadError('failed to load cookies')
 
 
 def extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile=None, logger=YDLLogger(), *, keyring=None, container=None):
@@ -188,7 +195,10 @@ def _extract_firefox_cookies(profile, container, logger):
 
 def _firefox_browser_dirs():
     if sys.platform in ('cygwin', 'win32'):
-        yield os.path.expandvars(R'%APPDATA%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles')
+        yield from map(os.path.expandvars, (
+            R'%APPDATA%\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles',
+            R'%LOCALAPPDATA%\Packages\Mozilla.Firefox_n80bbvh6b1yt2\LocalCache\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles',
+        ))
 
     elif sys.platform == 'darwin':
         yield os.path.expanduser('~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles')
@@ -294,12 +304,18 @@ def _extract_chrome_cookies(browser_name, profile, keyring, logger):
         raise FileNotFoundError(f'could not find {browser_name} cookies database in "{search_root}"')
     logger.debug(f'Extracting cookies from: "{cookie_database_path}"')
 
-    decryptor = get_cookie_decryptor(config['browser_dir'], config['keyring_name'], logger, keyring=keyring)
-
     with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory(prefix='yt_dlp') as tmpdir:
         cursor = None
         try:
             cursor = _open_database_copy(cookie_database_path, tmpdir)
+
+            # meta_version is necessary to determine if we need to trim the hash prefix from the cookies
+            # Ref: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/b02dcebd7cafab92770734dc2bc317bd07f1d891/net/extras/sqlite/sqlite_persistent_cookie_store.cc#223
+            meta_version = int(cursor.execute('SELECT value FROM meta WHERE key = "version"').fetchone()[0])
+            decryptor = get_cookie_decryptor(
+                config['browser_dir'], config['keyring_name'], logger,
+                keyring=keyring, meta_version=meta_version)
+
             cursor.connection.text_factory = bytes
             column_names = _get_column_names(cursor, 'cookies')
             secure_column = 'is_secure' if 'is_secure' in column_names else 'secure'
@@ -329,7 +345,7 @@ def _extract_chrome_cookies(browser_name, profile, keyring, logger):
             logger.debug(f'cookie version breakdown: {counts}')
             return jar
         except PermissionError as error:
-            if compat_os_name == 'nt' and error.errno == 13:
+            if os.name == 'nt' and error.errno == 13:
                 message = 'Could not copy Chrome cookie database. See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7271  for more info'
                 logger.error(message)
                 raise DownloadError(message)  # force exit
@@ -397,22 +413,23 @@ def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
         raise NotImplementedError('Must be implemented by sub classes')
 
 
-def get_cookie_decryptor(browser_root, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None):
+def get_cookie_decryptor(browser_root, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None, meta_version=None):
     if sys.platform == 'darwin':
-        return MacChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger)
+        return MacChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, meta_version=meta_version)
     elif sys.platform in ('win32', 'cygwin'):
-        return WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_root, logger)
-    return LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, keyring=keyring)
+        return WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_root, logger, meta_version=meta_version)
+    return LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(browser_keyring_name, logger, keyring=keyring, meta_version=meta_version)
 
 
 class LinuxChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None):
+    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, *, keyring=None, meta_version=None):
         self._logger = logger
         self._v10_key = self.derive_key(b'peanuts')
         self._empty_key = self.derive_key(b'')
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'v11': 0, 'other': 0}
         self._browser_keyring_name = browser_keyring_name
         self._keyring = keyring
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def _v11_key(self):
@@ -441,14 +458,18 @@ def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
 
         if version == b'v10':
             self._cookie_counts['v10'] += 1
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v10_key, self._empty_key), self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         elif version == b'v11':
             self._cookie_counts['v11'] += 1
             if self._v11_key is None:
                 self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v11 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                 return None
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v11_key, self._empty_key), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v11_key, self._empty_key), self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         else:
             self._logger.warning(f'unknown cookie version: "{version}"', only_once=True)
@@ -457,11 +478,12 @@ def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
 
 
 class MacChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger):
+    def __init__(self, browser_keyring_name, logger, meta_version=None):
         self._logger = logger
         password = _get_mac_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, logger)
         self._v10_key = None if password is None else self.derive_key(password)
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'other': 0}
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0
 
     @staticmethod
     def derive_key(password):
@@ -479,7 +501,8 @@ def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
                 self._logger.warning('cannot decrypt v10 cookies: no key found', only_once=True)
                 return None
 
-            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, (self._v10_key,), self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(
+                ciphertext, (self._v10_key,), self._logger, hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         else:
             self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
@@ -489,10 +512,11 @@ def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
 
 
 class WindowsChromeCookieDecryptor(ChromeCookieDecryptor):
-    def __init__(self, browser_root, logger):
+    def __init__(self, browser_root, logger, meta_version=None):
         self._logger = logger
         self._v10_key = _get_windows_v10_key(browser_root, logger)
         self._cookie_counts = {'v10': 0, 'other': 0}
+        self._meta_version = meta_version or 0
 
     def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
         version = encrypted_value[:3]
@@ -516,7 +540,9 @@ def decrypt(self, encrypted_value):
             ciphertext = raw_ciphertext[nonce_length:-authentication_tag_length]
             authentication_tag = raw_ciphertext[-authentication_tag_length:]
 
-            return _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, self._v10_key, nonce, authentication_tag, self._logger)
+            return _decrypt_aes_gcm(
+                ciphertext, self._v10_key, nonce, authentication_tag, self._logger,
+                hash_prefix=self._meta_version >= 24)
 
         else:
             self._cookie_counts['other'] += 1
@@ -1002,10 +1028,12 @@ def pbkdf2_sha1(password, salt, iterations, key_length):
     return hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha1', password, salt, iterations, key_length)
 
 
-def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16):
+def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16, hash_prefix=False):
     for key in keys:
         plaintext = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(ciphertext, key, initialization_vector))
         try:
+            if hash_prefix:
+                return plaintext[32:].decode()
             return plaintext.decode()
         except UnicodeDecodeError:
             pass
@@ -1013,7 +1041,7 @@ def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' '
     return None
 
 
-def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger):
+def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger, hash_prefix=False):
     try:
         plaintext = aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes(ciphertext, key, authentication_tag, nonce)
     except ValueError:
@@ -1021,6 +1049,8 @@ def _decrypt_aes_gcm(ciphertext, key, nonce, authentication_tag, logger):
         return None
 
     try:
+        if hash_prefix:
+            return plaintext[32:].decode()
         return plaintext.decode()
     except UnicodeDecodeError:
         logger.warning('failed to decrypt cookie (AES-GCM) because UTF-8 decoding failed. Possibly the key is wrong?', only_once=True)
@@ -1053,8 +1083,9 @@ class DATA_BLOB(ctypes.Structure):
         ctypes.byref(blob_out),  # pDataOut
     )
     if not ret:
-        logger.warning('failed to decrypt with DPAPI', only_once=True)
-        return None
+        message = 'Failed to decrypt with DPAPI. See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10927  for more info'
+        logger.error(message)
+        raise DownloadError(message)  # force exit
 
     result = ctypes.string_at(blob_out.pbData, blob_out.cbData)
     ctypes.windll.kernel32.LocalFree(blob_out.pbData)
@@ -1248,8 +1279,8 @@ def open(self, file, *, write=False):
     def _really_save(self, f, ignore_discard, ignore_expires):
         now = time.time()
         for cookie in self:
-            if (not ignore_discard and cookie.discard
-                    or not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now)):
+            if ((not ignore_discard and cookie.discard)
+                    or (not ignore_expires and cookie.is_expired(now))):
                 continue
             name, value = cookie.name, cookie.value
             if value is None:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py b/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
index 2cfa4c952..0e4404d49 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/dependencies/Cryptodome.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
         from Crypto.Cipher import AES, PKCS1_OAEP, Blowfish, PKCS1_v1_5  # noqa: F401
         from Crypto.Hash import CMAC, SHA1  # noqa: F401
         from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA  # noqa: F401
-except ImportError:
+except (ImportError, OSError):
     __version__ = f'broken {__version__}'.strip()
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py
index 51a9f28f0..1b12bd4be 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/__init__.py
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ def get_suitable_downloader(info_dict, params={}, default=NO_DEFAULT, protocol=N
 from .rtsp import RtspFD
 from .websocket import WebSocketFragmentFD
 from .youtube_live_chat import YoutubeLiveChatFD
+from .bunnycdn import BunnyCdnFD
 
 PROTOCOL_MAP = {
     'rtmp': RtmpFD,
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ def get_suitable_downloader(info_dict, params={}, default=NO_DEFAULT, protocol=N
     'websocket_frag': WebSocketFragmentFD,
     'youtube_live_chat': YoutubeLiveChatFD,
     'youtube_live_chat_replay': YoutubeLiveChatFD,
+    'bunnycdn': BunnyCdnFD,
 }
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/bunnycdn.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/bunnycdn.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e787f698a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/bunnycdn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import hashlib
+import random
+import threading
+
+from .common import FileDownloader
+from . import HlsFD
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import network_exceptions
+
+
+class BunnyCdnFD(FileDownloader):
+    """
+    Downloads from BunnyCDN with required pings
+    Note, this is not a part of public API, and will be removed without notice.
+    DO NOT USE
+    """
+
+    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading from BunnyCDN')
+
+        fd = HlsFD(self.ydl, self.params)
+
+        stop_event = threading.Event()
+        ping_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.ping_thread, args=(stop_event,), kwargs=info_dict['_bunnycdn_ping_data'])
+        ping_thread.start()
+
+        try:
+            return fd.real_download(filename, info_dict)
+        finally:
+            stop_event.set()
+
+    def ping_thread(self, stop_event, url, headers, secret, context_id):
+        # Site sends ping every 4 seconds, but this throttles the download. Pinging every 2 seconds seems to work.
+        ping_interval = 2
+        # Hard coded resolution as it doesn't seem to matter
+        res = 1080
+        paused = 'false'
+        current_time = 0
+
+        while not stop_event.wait(ping_interval):
+            current_time += ping_interval
+
+            time = current_time + round(random.random(), 6)
+            md5_hash = hashlib.md5(f'{secret}_{context_id}_{time}_{paused}_{res}'.encode()).hexdigest()
+            ping_url = f'{url}?hash={md5_hash}&time={time}&paused={paused}&resolution={res}'
+
+            try:
+                self.ydl.urlopen(Request(ping_url, headers=headers)).read()
+            except network_exceptions as e:
+                self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Ping failed: {e}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
index 2e3ea2fc4..bb9303f8a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
@@ -20,9 +20,7 @@
     Namespace,
     RetryManager,
     classproperty,
-    decodeArgument,
     deprecation_warning,
-    encodeFilename,
     format_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_bytes,
@@ -33,6 +31,7 @@
     timetuple_from_msec,
     try_call,
 )
+from ..utils._utils import _ProgressState
 
 
 class FileDownloader:
@@ -219,7 +218,7 @@ def slow_down(self, start_time, now, byte_counter):
     def temp_name(self, filename):
         """Returns a temporary filename for the given filename."""
         if self.params.get('nopart', False) or filename == '-' or \
-                (os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)) and not os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(filename))):
+                (os.path.exists(filename) and not os.path.isfile(filename)):
             return filename
         return filename + '.part'
 
@@ -273,7 +272,7 @@ def try_utime(self, filename, last_modified_hdr):
         """Try to set the last-modified time of the given file."""
         if last_modified_hdr is None:
             return
-        if not os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(filename)):
+        if not os.path.isfile(filename):
             return
         timestr = last_modified_hdr
         if timestr is None:
@@ -335,7 +334,7 @@ def _report_progress_status(self, s, default_template):
             progress_dict), s.get('progress_idx') or 0)
         self.to_console_title(self.ydl.evaluate_outtmpl(
             progress_template.get('download-title') or 'yt-dlp %(progress._default_template)s',
-            progress_dict))
+            progress_dict), _ProgressState.from_dict(s), s.get('_percent'))
 
     def _format_progress(self, *args, **kwargs):
         return self.ydl._format_text(
@@ -359,6 +358,7 @@ def with_fields(*tups, default=''):
                 '_speed_str': self.format_speed(speed).strip(),
                 '_total_bytes_str': _format_bytes('total_bytes'),
                 '_elapsed_str': self.format_seconds(s.get('elapsed')),
+                '_percent': 100.0,
                 '_percent_str': self.format_percent(100),
             })
             self._report_progress_status(s, join_nonempty(
@@ -377,13 +377,15 @@ def with_fields(*tups, default=''):
                     return
                 self._progress_delta_time += update_delta
 
+        progress = try_call(
+            lambda: 100 * s['downloaded_bytes'] / s['total_bytes'],
+            lambda: 100 * s['downloaded_bytes'] / s['total_bytes_estimate'],
+            lambda: s['downloaded_bytes'] == 0 and 0)
         s.update({
             '_eta_str': self.format_eta(s.get('eta')).strip(),
             '_speed_str': self.format_speed(s.get('speed')),
-            '_percent_str': self.format_percent(try_call(
-                lambda: 100 * s['downloaded_bytes'] / s['total_bytes'],
-                lambda: 100 * s['downloaded_bytes'] / s['total_bytes_estimate'],
-                lambda: s['downloaded_bytes'] == 0 and 0)),
+            '_percent': progress,
+            '_percent_str': self.format_percent(progress),
             '_total_bytes_str': _format_bytes('total_bytes'),
             '_total_bytes_estimate_str': _format_bytes('total_bytes_estimate'),
             '_downloaded_bytes_str': _format_bytes('downloaded_bytes'),
@@ -432,13 +434,13 @@ def download(self, filename, info_dict, subtitle=False):
         """
         nooverwrites_and_exists = (
             not self.params.get('overwrites', True)
-            and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename))
+            and os.path.exists(filename)
         )
 
         if not hasattr(filename, 'write'):
             continuedl_and_exists = (
                 self.params.get('continuedl', True)
-                and os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(filename))
+                and os.path.isfile(filename)
                 and not self.params.get('nopart', False)
             )
 
@@ -448,7 +450,7 @@ def download(self, filename, info_dict, subtitle=False):
                 self._hook_progress({
                     'filename': filename,
                     'status': 'finished',
-                    'total_bytes': os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(filename)),
+                    'total_bytes': os.path.getsize(filename),
                 }, info_dict)
                 self._finish_multiline_status()
                 return True, False
@@ -489,9 +491,7 @@ def _debug_cmd(self, args, exe=None):
         if not self.params.get('verbose', False):
             return
 
-        str_args = [decodeArgument(a) for a in args]
-
         if exe is None:
-            exe = os.path.basename(str_args[0])
+            exe = os.path.basename(args[0])
 
-        self.write_debug(f'{exe} command line: {shell_quote(str_args)}')
+        self.write_debug(f'{exe} command line: {shell_quote(args)}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
index ae2372915..ee73ac043 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@
     cli_valueless_option,
     determine_ext,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     find_available_port,
     remove_end,
     traverse_obj,
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
                 'elapsed': time.time() - started,
             }
             if filename != '-':
-                fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+                fsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
                 self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
                 status.update({
                     'downloaded_bytes': fsize,
@@ -184,9 +183,9 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
             dest.write(decrypt_fragment(fragment, src.read()))
             src.close()
             if not self.params.get('keep_fragments', False):
-                self.try_remove(encodeFilename(fragment_filename))
+                self.try_remove(fragment_filename)
         dest.close()
-        self.try_remove(encodeFilename(f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls'))
+        self.try_remove(f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls')
         return 0
 
     def _call_process(self, cmd, info_dict):
@@ -458,8 +457,6 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
 
     @classmethod
     def available(cls, path=None):
-        # TODO: Fix path for ffmpeg
-        # Fixme: This may be wrong when --ffmpeg-location is used
         return FFmpegPostProcessor().available
 
     def on_process_started(self, proc, stdin):
@@ -508,7 +505,7 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         env = None
         proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
         if proxy:
-            if not re.match(r'^[\da-zA-Z]+://', proxy):
+            if not re.match(r'[\da-zA-Z]+://', proxy):
                 proxy = f'http://{proxy}'
 
             if proxy.startswith('socks'):
@@ -559,7 +556,7 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
 
         selected_formats = info_dict.get('requested_formats') or [info_dict]
         for i, fmt in enumerate(selected_formats):
-            is_http = re.match(r'^https?://', fmt['url'])
+            is_http = re.match(r'https?://', fmt['url'])
             cookies = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(fmt['url']) if is_http else []
             if cookies:
                 args.extend(['-cookies', ''.join(
@@ -620,7 +617,7 @@ def _call_downloader(self, tmpfilename, info_dict):
         args += self._configuration_args(('_o1', '_o', ''))
 
         args = [encodeArgument(opt) for opt in args]
-        args.append(encodeFilename(ffpp._ffmpeg_filename_argument(tmpfilename), True))
+        args.append(ffpp._ffmpeg_filename_argument(tmpfilename))
         self._debug_cmd(args)
 
         piped = any(fmt['url'] in ('-', 'pipe:') for fmt in selected_formats)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
index 0d00196e2..98784e703 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
@@ -9,10 +9,9 @@
 from .common import FileDownloader
 from .http import HttpFD
 from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes, unpad_pkcs7
-from ..compat import compat_os_name
 from ..networking import Request
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, IncompleteRead
-from ..utils import DownloadError, RetryManager, encodeFilename, traverse_obj
+from ..utils import DownloadError, RetryManager, traverse_obj
 from ..utils.networking import HTTPHeaderDict
 from ..utils.progress import ProgressCalculator
 
@@ -152,7 +151,7 @@ def _append_fragment(self, ctx, frag_content):
             if self.__do_ytdl_file(ctx):
                 self._write_ytdl_file(ctx)
             if not self.params.get('keep_fragments', False):
-                self.try_remove(encodeFilename(ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized']))
+                self.try_remove(ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized'])
             del ctx['fragment_filename_sanitized']
 
     def _prepare_frag_download(self, ctx):
@@ -188,7 +187,7 @@ def _prepare_frag_download(self, ctx):
         })
 
         if self.__do_ytdl_file(ctx):
-            ytdl_file_exists = os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename'])))
+            ytdl_file_exists = os.path.isfile(self.ytdl_filename(ctx['filename']))
             continuedl = self.params.get('continuedl', True)
             if continuedl and ytdl_file_exists:
                 self._read_ytdl_file(ctx)
@@ -390,7 +389,7 @@ class FTPE(concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor):
             def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
                 pass
 
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+        if os.name == 'nt':
             def future_result(future):
                 while True:
                     try:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
index 0a00d5dab..1f36a07f5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
     update_url_query,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils._utils import _request_dump_filename
 
 
 class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
@@ -72,11 +73,23 @@ def check_results():
 
     def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
         man_url = info_dict['url']
-        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading m3u8 manifest')
 
-        urlh = self.ydl.urlopen(self._prepare_url(info_dict, man_url))
-        man_url = urlh.url
-        s = urlh.read().decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
+        s = info_dict.get('hls_media_playlist_data')
+        if s:
+            self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Using m3u8 manifest from extracted info')
+        else:
+            self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading m3u8 manifest')
+            urlh = self.ydl.urlopen(self._prepare_url(info_dict, man_url))
+            man_url = urlh.url
+            s_bytes = urlh.read()
+            if self.params.get('write_pages'):
+                dump_filename = _request_dump_filename(
+                    man_url, info_dict['id'], None,
+                    trim_length=self.params.get('trim_file_name'))
+                self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Saving request to {dump_filename}')
+                with open(dump_filename, 'wb') as outf:
+                    outf.write(s_bytes)
+            s = s_bytes.decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
 
         can_download, message = self.can_download(s, info_dict, self.params.get('allow_unplayable_formats')), None
         if can_download:
@@ -119,12 +132,12 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
             self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Fragment downloads will be delegated to {real_downloader.get_basename()}')
 
         def is_ad_fragment_start(s):
-            return (s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=ad' in s
-                    or s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',ad'))
+            return ((s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=ad' in s)
+                    or (s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',ad')))
 
         def is_ad_fragment_end(s):
-            return (s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=master' in s
-                    or s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',segment'))
+            return ((s.startswith('#ANVATO-SEGMENT-INFO') and 'type=master' in s)
+                    or (s.startswith('#UPLYNK-SEGMENT') and s.endswith(',segment')))
 
         fragments = []
 
@@ -177,6 +190,7 @@ def is_ad_fragment_end(s):
         if external_aes_iv:
             external_aes_iv = binascii.unhexlify(remove_start(external_aes_iv, '0x').zfill(32))
         byte_range = {}
+        byte_range_offset = 0
         discontinuity_count = 0
         frag_index = 0
         ad_frag_next = False
@@ -204,6 +218,11 @@ def is_ad_fragment_end(s):
                     })
                     media_sequence += 1
 
+                    # If the byte_range is truthy, reset it after appending a fragment that uses it
+                    if byte_range:
+                        byte_range_offset = byte_range['end']
+                        byte_range = {}
+
                 elif line.startswith('#EXT-X-MAP'):
                     if format_index and discontinuity_count != format_index:
                         continue
@@ -217,10 +236,12 @@ def is_ad_fragment_end(s):
                     if extra_segment_query:
                         frag_url = update_url_query(frag_url, extra_segment_query)
 
+                    map_byte_range = {}
+
                     if map_info.get('BYTERANGE'):
                         splitted_byte_range = map_info.get('BYTERANGE').split('@')
-                        sub_range_start = int(splitted_byte_range[1]) if len(splitted_byte_range) == 2 else byte_range['end']
-                        byte_range = {
+                        sub_range_start = int(splitted_byte_range[1]) if len(splitted_byte_range) == 2 else 0
+                        map_byte_range = {
                             'start': sub_range_start,
                             'end': sub_range_start + int(splitted_byte_range[0]),
                         }
@@ -229,7 +250,7 @@ def is_ad_fragment_end(s):
                         'frag_index': frag_index,
                         'url': frag_url,
                         'decrypt_info': decrypt_info,
-                        'byte_range': byte_range,
+                        'byte_range': map_byte_range,
                         'media_sequence': media_sequence,
                     })
                     media_sequence += 1
@@ -257,7 +278,7 @@ def is_ad_fragment_end(s):
                     media_sequence = int(line[22:])
                 elif line.startswith('#EXT-X-BYTERANGE'):
                     splitted_byte_range = line[17:].split('@')
-                    sub_range_start = int(splitted_byte_range[1]) if len(splitted_byte_range) == 2 else byte_range['end']
+                    sub_range_start = int(splitted_byte_range[1]) if len(splitted_byte_range) == 2 else byte_range_offset
                     byte_range = {
                         'start': sub_range_start,
                         'end': sub_range_start + int(splitted_byte_range[0]),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
index c0165790d..9c6dd8b79 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
     ThrottledDownload,
     XAttrMetadataError,
     XAttrUnavailableError,
-    encodeFilename,
     int_or_none,
     parse_http_range,
     try_call,
@@ -58,9 +57,8 @@ class DownloadContext(dict):
 
         if self.params.get('continuedl', True):
             # Establish possible resume length
-            if os.path.isfile(encodeFilename(ctx.tmpfilename)):
-                ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(
-                    encodeFilename(ctx.tmpfilename))
+            if os.path.isfile(ctx.tmpfilename):
+                ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(ctx.tmpfilename)
 
         ctx.is_resume = ctx.resume_len > 0
 
@@ -241,7 +239,7 @@ def retry(e):
                     ctx.resume_len = byte_counter
                 else:
                     try:
-                        ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(ctx.tmpfilename))
+                        ctx.resume_len = os.path.getsize(ctx.tmpfilename)
                     except FileNotFoundError:
                         ctx.resume_len = 0
                 raise RetryDownload(e)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
index d7ffb3b34..1b831e5f3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
     Popen,
     check_executable,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     get_exe_version,
 )
 
@@ -179,7 +178,7 @@ def run_rtmpdump(args):
             return False
 
         while retval in (RD_INCOMPLETE, RD_FAILED) and not test and not live:
-            prevsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            prevsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {prevsize} bytes')
             time.sleep(5.0)  # This seems to be needed
             args = [*basic_args, '--resume']
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ def run_rtmpdump(args):
                 args += ['--skip', '1']
             args = [encodeArgument(a) for a in args]
             retval = run_rtmpdump(args)
-            cursize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            cursize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             if prevsize == cursize and retval == RD_FAILED:
                 break
             # Some rtmp streams seem abort after ~ 99.8%. Don't complain for those
@@ -196,7 +195,7 @@ def run_rtmpdump(args):
                 retval = RD_SUCCESS
                 break
         if retval == RD_SUCCESS or (test and retval == RD_INCOMPLETE):
-            fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            fsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {fsize} bytes')
             self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
             self._hook_progress({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py
index e89269fed..b4b0be7e6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtsp.py
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 import subprocess
 
 from .common import FileDownloader
-from ..utils import check_executable, encodeFilename
+from ..utils import check_executable
 
 
 class RtspFD(FileDownloader):
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
 
         retval = subprocess.call(args)
         if retval == 0:
-            fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
+            fsize = os.path.getsize(tmpfilename)
             self.to_screen(f'\r[{args[0]}] {fsize} bytes')
             self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
             self._hook_progress({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
index 961938d44..ddd912ca2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ def download_and_parse_fragment(url, frag_index, request_data=None, headers=None
                         data,
                         lambda x: x['continuationContents']['liveChatContinuation'], dict) or {}
 
-                    func = (info_dict['protocol'] == 'youtube_live_chat' and parse_actions_live
-                            or frag_index == 1 and try_refresh_replay_beginning
+                    func = ((info_dict['protocol'] == 'youtube_live_chat' and parse_actions_live)
+                            or (frag_index == 1 and try_refresh_replay_beginning)
                             or parse_actions_replay)
                     return (True, *func(live_chat_continuation))
                 except HTTPError as err:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/__init__.py
index 6bfa4bd7b..a090e942d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/__init__.py
@@ -1,16 +1,25 @@
 from ..compat.compat_utils import passthrough_module
+from ..globals import extractors as _extractors_context
+from ..globals import plugin_ies as _plugin_ies_context
+from ..plugins import PluginSpec, register_plugin_spec
 
 passthrough_module(__name__, '.extractors')
 del passthrough_module
 
+register_plugin_spec(PluginSpec(
+    module_name='extractor',
+    suffix='IE',
+    destination=_extractors_context,
+    plugin_destination=_plugin_ies_context,
+))
+
 
 def gen_extractor_classes():
     """ Return a list of supported extractors.
     The order does matter; the first extractor matched is the one handling the URL.
     """
-    from .extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
-
-    return _ALL_CLASSES
+    import_extractors()
+    return list(_extractors_context.value.values())
 
 
 def gen_extractors():
@@ -37,6 +46,9 @@ def list_extractors(age_limit=None):
 
 def get_info_extractor(ie_name):
     """Returns the info extractor class with the given ie_name"""
-    from . import extractors
+    import_extractors()
+    return _extractors_context.value[f'{ie_name}IE']
 
-    return getattr(extractors, f'{ie_name}IE')
+
+def import_extractors():
+    from . import extractors  # noqa: F401
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
index 80784091e..036355e1c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@@ -208,6 +208,10 @@
     BandcampUserIE,
     BandcampWeeklyIE,
 )
+from .bandlab import (
+    BandlabIE,
+    BandlabPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .bannedvideo import BannedVideoIE
 from .bbc import (
     BBCIE,
@@ -217,6 +221,7 @@
     BBCCoUkIPlayerGroupIE,
     BBCCoUkPlaylistIE,
 )
+from .beacon import BeaconTvIE
 from .beatbump import (
     BeatBumpPlaylistIE,
     BeatBumpVideoIE,
@@ -251,6 +256,7 @@
     BilibiliCheeseIE,
     BilibiliCheeseSeasonIE,
     BilibiliCollectionListIE,
+    BiliBiliDynamicIE,
     BilibiliFavoritesListIE,
     BiliBiliIE,
     BiliBiliPlayerIE,
@@ -277,6 +283,7 @@
 from .blerp import BlerpIE
 from .blogger import BloggerIE
 from .bloomberg import BloombergIE
+from .bluesky import BlueskyIE
 from .bokecc import BokeCCIE
 from .bongacams import BongaCamsIE
 from .boosty import BoostyIE
@@ -305,6 +312,7 @@
 )
 from .bundesliga import BundesligaIE
 from .bundestag import BundestagIE
+from .bunnycdn import BunnyCdnIE
 from .businessinsider import BusinessInsiderIE
 from .buzzfeed import BuzzFeedIE
 from .byutv import BYUtvIE
@@ -328,6 +336,7 @@
 from .canalalpha import CanalAlphaIE
 from .canalc2 import Canalc2IE
 from .canalplus import CanalplusIE
+from .canalsurmas import CanalsurmasIE
 from .caracoltv import CaracolTvPlayIE
 from .cartoonnetwork import CartoonNetworkIE
 from .cbc import (
@@ -362,7 +371,10 @@
 )
 from .ccma import CCMAIE
 from .cctv import CCTVIE
-from .cda import CDAIE
+from .cda import (
+    CDAIE,
+    CDAFolderIE,
+)
 from .cellebrite import CellebriteIE
 from .ceskatelevize import CeskaTelevizeIE
 from .cgtn import CGTNIE
@@ -397,8 +409,6 @@
 from .cnbc import CNBCVideoIE
 from .cnn import (
     CNNIE,
-    CNNArticleIE,
-    CNNBlogsIE,
     CNNIndonesiaIE,
 )
 from .comedycentral import (
@@ -433,12 +443,6 @@
     CrowdBunkerIE,
 )
 from .crtvg import CrtvgIE
-from .crunchyroll import (
-    CrunchyrollArtistIE,
-    CrunchyrollBetaIE,
-    CrunchyrollBetaShowIE,
-    CrunchyrollMusicIE,
-)
 from .cspan import (
     CSpanCongressIE,
     CSpanIE,
@@ -452,7 +456,10 @@
     CuriosityStreamIE,
     CuriosityStreamSeriesIE,
 )
-from .cwtv import CWTVIE
+from .cwtv import (
+    CWTVIE,
+    CWTVMovieIE,
+)
 from .cybrary import (
     CybraryCourseIE,
     CybraryIE,
@@ -489,10 +496,6 @@
 from .daystar import DaystarClipIE
 from .dbtv import DBTVIE
 from .dctp import DctpTvIE
-from .deezer import (
-    DeezerAlbumIE,
-    DeezerPlaylistIE,
-)
 from .democracynow import DemocracynowIE
 from .detik import DetikEmbedIE
 from .deuxm import (
@@ -503,6 +506,7 @@
 from .dhm import DHMIE
 from .digitalconcerthall import DigitalConcertHallIE
 from .digiteka import DigitekaIE
+from .digiview import DigiviewIE
 from .discogs import DiscogsReleasePlaylistIE
 from .disney import DisneyIE
 from .dispeak import DigitallySpeakingIE
@@ -548,6 +552,7 @@
     DropoutIE,
     DropoutSeasonIE,
 )
+from .drtalks import DrTalksIE
 from .drtuber import DrTuberIE
 from .drtv import (
     DRTVIE,
@@ -577,6 +582,10 @@
     EggheadCourseIE,
     EggheadLessonIE,
 )
+from .eggs import (
+    EggsArtistIE,
+    EggsIE,
+)
 from .eighttracks import EightTracksIE
 from .eitb import EitbIE
 from .elementorembed import ElementorEmbedIE
@@ -674,6 +683,7 @@
 )
 from .foxsports import FoxSportsIE
 from .fptplay import FptplayIE
+from .francaisfacile import FrancaisFacileIE
 from .franceinter import FranceInterIE
 from .francetv import (
     FranceTVIE,
@@ -692,11 +702,6 @@
     FrontendMastersLessonIE,
 )
 from .fujitv import FujiTVFODPlus7IE
-from .funimation import (
-    FunimationIE,
-    FunimationPageIE,
-    FunimationShowIE,
-)
 from .funk import FunkIE
 from .funker530 import Funker530IE
 from .fuyintv import FuyinTVIE
@@ -705,6 +710,7 @@
     GabTVIE,
 )
 from .gaia import GaiaIE
+from .gamedevtv import GameDevTVDashboardIE
 from .gamejolt import (
     GameJoltCommunityIE,
     GameJoltGameIE,
@@ -729,6 +735,7 @@
     GeniusIE,
     GeniusLyricsIE,
 )
+from .germanupa import GermanupaIE
 from .getcourseru import (
     GetCourseRuIE,
     GetCourseRuPlayerIE,
@@ -822,7 +829,10 @@
     HungamaIE,
     HungamaSongIE,
 )
-from .huya import HuyaLiveIE
+from .huya import (
+    HuyaLiveIE,
+    HuyaVideoIE,
+)
 from .hypem import HypemIE
 from .hypergryph import MonsterSirenHypergryphMusicIE
 from .hytale import HytaleIE
@@ -830,6 +840,7 @@
 from .ichinanalive import (
     IchinanaLiveClipIE,
     IchinanaLiveIE,
+    IchinanaLiveVODIE,
 )
 from .idolplus import IdolPlusIE
 from .ign import (
@@ -934,6 +945,10 @@
 from .kankanews import KankaNewsIE
 from .karaoketv import KaraoketvIE
 from .kelbyone import KelbyOneIE
+from .kenh14 import (
+    Kenh14PlaylistIE,
+    Kenh14VideoIE,
+)
 from .khanacademy import (
     KhanAcademyIE,
     KhanAcademyUnitIE,
@@ -1037,10 +1052,8 @@
     LivestreamShortenerIE,
 )
 from .livestreamfails import LivestreamfailsIE
-from .lnkgo import (
-    LnkGoIE,
-    LnkIE,
-)
+from .lnk import LnkIE
+from .loco import LocoIE
 from .loom import (
     LoomFolderIE,
     LoomIE,
@@ -1126,12 +1139,6 @@
     MicrosoftMediusIE,
 )
 from .microsoftstream import MicrosoftStreamIE
-from .mildom import (
-    MildomClipIE,
-    MildomIE,
-    MildomUserVodIE,
-    MildomVodIE,
-)
 from .minds import (
     MindsChannelIE,
     MindsGroupIE,
@@ -1151,6 +1158,7 @@
 from .mixch import (
     MixchArchiveIE,
     MixchIE,
+    MixchMovieIE,
 )
 from .mixcloud import (
     MixcloudIE,
@@ -1165,6 +1173,7 @@
 )
 from .mlssoccer import MLSSoccerIE
 from .mocha import MochaVideoIE
+from .mojevideo import MojevideoIE
 from .mojvideo import MojvideoIE
 from .monstercat import MonstercatIE
 from .motherless import (
@@ -1269,6 +1278,10 @@
 )
 from .nekohacker import NekoHackerIE
 from .nerdcubed import NerdCubedFeedIE
+from .nest import (
+    NestClipIE,
+    NestIE,
+)
 from .neteasemusic import (
     NetEaseMusicAlbumIE,
     NetEaseMusicDjRadioIE,
@@ -1480,6 +1493,10 @@
 )
 from .parler import ParlerIE
 from .parlview import ParlviewIE
+from .parti import (
+    PartiLivestreamIE,
+    PartiVideoIE,
+)
 from .patreon import (
     PatreonCampaignIE,
     PatreonIE,
@@ -1511,8 +1528,8 @@
 from .philharmoniedeparis import PhilharmonieDeParisIE
 from .phoenix import PhoenixIE
 from .photobucket import PhotobucketIE
+from .pialive import PiaLiveIE
 from .piapro import PiaproIE
-from .piaulizaportal import PIAULIZAPortalIE
 from .picarto import (
     PicartoIE,
     PicartoVodIE,
@@ -1523,6 +1540,10 @@
     PinterestCollectionIE,
     PinterestIE,
 )
+from .piramidetv import (
+    PiramideTVChannelIE,
+    PiramideTVIE,
+)
 from .pixivsketch import (
     PixivSketchIE,
     PixivSketchUserIE,
@@ -1542,16 +1563,13 @@
     PluralsightIE,
 )
 from .plutotv import PlutoTVIE
+from .plvideo import PlVideoIE
 from .podbayfm import (
     PodbayFMChannelIE,
     PodbayFMIE,
 )
 from .podchaser import PodchaserIE
 from .podomatic import PodomaticIE
-from .pokemon import (
-    PokemonIE,
-    PokemonWatchIE,
-)
 from .pokergo import (
     PokerGoCollectionIE,
     PokerGoIE,
@@ -1642,6 +1660,7 @@
     RadioKapitalIE,
     RadioKapitalShowIE,
 )
+from .radioradicale import RadioRadicaleIE
 from .radiozet import RadioZetPodcastIE
 from .radlive import (
     RadLiveChannelIE,
@@ -1727,6 +1746,7 @@
     RoosterTeethSeriesIE,
 )
 from .rottentomatoes import RottenTomatoesIE
+from .roya import RoyaLiveIE
 from .rozhlas import (
     MujRozhlasIE,
     RozhlasIE,
@@ -1814,6 +1834,7 @@
 from .screencast import ScreencastIE
 from .screencastify import ScreencastifyIE
 from .screencastomatic import ScreencastOMaticIE
+from .screenrec import ScreenRecIE
 from .scrippsnetworks import (
     ScrippsNetworksIE,
     ScrippsNetworksWatchIE,
@@ -1824,6 +1845,7 @@
     SCTECourseIE,
 )
 from .sejmpl import SejmIE
+from .sen import SenIE
 from .senalcolombia import SenalColombiaLiveIE
 from .senategov import (
     SenateGovIE,
@@ -1868,6 +1890,8 @@
     SkyItVideoIE,
     SkyItVideoLiveIE,
     TV8ItIE,
+    TV8ItLiveIE,
+    TV8ItPlaylistIE,
 )
 from .skylinewebcams import SkylineWebcamsIE
 from .skynewsarabia import (
@@ -1879,7 +1903,9 @@
 from .slideslive import SlidesLiveIE
 from .slutload import SlutloadIE
 from .smotrim import SmotrimIE
+from .snapchat import SnapchatSpotlightIE
 from .snotr import SnotrIE
+from .softwhiteunderbelly import SoftWhiteUnderbellyIE
 from .sohu import (
     SohuIE,
     SohuVIE,
@@ -1933,9 +1959,7 @@
 )
 from .spreaker import (
     SpreakerIE,
-    SpreakerPageIE,
     SpreakerShowIE,
-    SpreakerShowPageIE,
 )
 from .springboardplatform import SpringboardPlatformIE
 from .sprout import SproutIE
@@ -1971,12 +1995,17 @@
     StoryFireSeriesIE,
     StoryFireUserIE,
 )
+from .streaks import StreaksIE
 from .streamable import StreamableIE
 from .streamcz import StreamCZIE
 from .streetvoice import StreetVoiceIE
 from .stretchinternet import StretchInternetIE
 from .stripchat import StripchatIE
 from .stv import STVPlayerIE
+from .subsplash import (
+    SubsplashIE,
+    SubsplashPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .substack import SubstackIE
 from .sunporno import SunPornoIE
 from .sverigesradio import (
@@ -2206,6 +2235,7 @@
     TVPlayIE,
 )
 from .tvplayer import TVPlayerIE
+from .tvw import TvwIE
 from .tweakers import TweakersIE
 from .twentymin import TwentyMinutenIE
 from .twentythreevideo import TwentyThreeVideoIE
@@ -2246,6 +2276,10 @@
 )
 from .ukcolumn import UkColumnIE
 from .uktvplay import UKTVPlayIE
+from .uliza import (
+    UlizaPlayerIE,
+    UlizaPortalIE,
+)
 from .umg import UMGDeIE
 from .unistra import UnistraIE
 from .unity import UnityIE
@@ -2274,10 +2308,6 @@
 from .varzesh3 import Varzesh3IE
 from .vbox7 import Vbox7IE
 from .veo import VeoIE
-from .veoh import (
-    VeohIE,
-    VeohUserIE,
-)
 from .vesti import VestiIE
 from .vevo import (
     VevoIE,
@@ -2329,10 +2359,6 @@
     ViewLiftIE,
 )
 from .viidea import ViideaIE
-from .viki import (
-    VikiChannelIE,
-    VikiIE,
-)
 from .vimeo import (
     VHXEmbedIE,
     VimeoAlbumIE,
@@ -2350,10 +2376,6 @@
     VimmIE,
     VimmRecordingIE,
 )
-from .vine import (
-    VineIE,
-    VineUserIE,
-)
 from .viously import ViouslyIE
 from .viqeo import ViqeoIE
 from .viu import (
@@ -2381,10 +2403,15 @@
     VoxMediaIE,
     VoxMediaVolumeIE,
 )
+from .vrsquare import (
+    VrSquareChannelIE,
+    VrSquareIE,
+    VrSquareSearchIE,
+    VrSquareSectionIE,
+)
 from .vrt import (
     VRTIE,
     DagelijkseKostIE,
-    KetnetIE,
     Radio1BeIE,
     VrtNUIE,
 )
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
index 7518ba6f0..7296be73b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
@@ -387,17 +387,27 @@ class ABCIViewShowSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn\.iview\.abc\.net\.au/thumbs/.*\.jpg$',
         },
         'playlist_count': 15,
+        'skip': 'This program is not currently available in ABC iview',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://iview.abc.net.au/show/inbestigators',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '175343-1',
+            'title': 'Series 1',
+            'description': 'md5:b9976935a6450e5b78ce2a940a755685',
+            'series': 'The Inbestigators',
+            'season': 'Series 1',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn\.iview\.abc\.net\.au/thumbs/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 17,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         show_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, show_id)
-        webpage_data = self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=\s*[\'"](.+?)[\'"]\s*;',
-            webpage, 'initial state')
-        video_data = self._parse_json(
-            unescapeHTML(webpage_data).encode().decode('unicode_escape'), show_id)
-        video_data = video_data['route']['pageData']['_embedded']
+        video_data = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=\s*[\'"]', webpage, 'initial state', show_id,
+            transform_source=lambda x: x.encode().decode('unicode_escape'),
+            end_pattern=r'[\'"]\s*;')['route']['pageData']['_embedded']
 
         highlight = try_get(video_data, lambda x: x['highlightVideo']['shareUrl'])
         if not self._yes_playlist(show_id, bool(highlight), video_label='highlight video'):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
index 66ab083fe..8c7131b10 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@
 import io
 import json
 import re
-import struct
 import time
 import urllib.parse
 import uuid
@@ -18,10 +17,8 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     OnDemandPagedList,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
     decode_base_n,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     time_seconds,
     traverse_obj,
     update_url_query,
@@ -72,15 +69,15 @@ def _get_videokey_from_ticket(self, ticket):
             })
 
         res = decode_base_n(license_response['k'], table=self._STRTABLE)
-        encvideokey = bytes_to_intlist(struct.pack('>QQ', res >> 64, res & 0xffffffffffffffff))
+        encvideokey = list(res.to_bytes(16, 'big'))
 
         h = hmac.new(
             binascii.unhexlify(self._HKEY),
             (license_response['cid'] + self.ie._DEVICE_ID).encode(),
             digestmod=hashlib.sha256)
-        enckey = bytes_to_intlist(h.digest())
+        enckey = list(h.digest())
 
-        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(encvideokey, enckey))
+        return bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(encvideokey, enckey))
 
 
 class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -424,14 +421,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class AbemaTVTitleIE(AbemaTVBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://abema\.tv/video/title/(?P<id>[^?/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://abema\.tv/video/title/(?P<id>[^?/#]+)/?(?:\?(?:[^#]+&)?s=(?P<season>[^&#]+))?'
     _PAGE_SIZE = 25
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://abema.tv/video/title/90-1597',
+        'url': 'https://abema.tv/video/title/90-1887',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '90-1597',
+            'id': '90-1887',
             'title': 'シャッフルアイランド',
+            'description': 'md5:61b2425308f41a5282a926edda66f178',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 2,
     }, {
@@ -439,41 +437,54 @@ class AbemaTVTitleIE(AbemaTVBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '193-132',
             'title': '真心が届く~僕とスターのオフィス・ラブ!?~',
+            'description': 'md5:9b59493d1f3a792bafbc7319258e7af8',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 16,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://abema.tv/video/title/25-102',
+        'url': 'https://abema.tv/video/title/25-1nzan-whrxe',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '25-102',
-            'title': 'ソードアート・オンライン アリシゼーション',
+            'id': '25-1nzan-whrxe',
+            'title': 'ソードアート・オンライン',
+            'description': 'md5:c094904052322e6978495532bdbf06e6',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 24,
+        'playlist_mincount': 25,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://abema.tv/video/title/26-2mzbynr-cph?s=26-2mzbynr-cph_s40',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': '〈物語〉シリーズ',
+            'id': '26-2mzbynr-cph',
+            'description': 'md5:e67873de1c88f360af1f0a4b84847a52',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 59,
     }]
 
-    def _fetch_page(self, playlist_id, series_version, page):
+    def _fetch_page(self, playlist_id, series_version, season_id, page):
+        query = {
+            'seriesVersion': series_version,
+            'offset': str(page * self._PAGE_SIZE),
+            'order': 'seq',
+            'limit': str(self._PAGE_SIZE),
+        }
+        if season_id:
+            query['seasonId'] = season_id
         programs = self._call_api(
             f'v1/video/series/{playlist_id}/programs', playlist_id,
             note=f'Downloading page {page + 1}',
-            query={
-                'seriesVersion': series_version,
-                'offset': str(page * self._PAGE_SIZE),
-                'order': 'seq',
-                'limit': str(self._PAGE_SIZE),
-            })
+            query=query)
         yield from (
             self.url_result(f'https://abema.tv/video/episode/{x}')
             for x in traverse_obj(programs, ('programs', ..., 'id')))
 
-    def _entries(self, playlist_id, series_version):
+    def _entries(self, playlist_id, series_version, season_id):
         return OnDemandPagedList(
-            functools.partial(self._fetch_page, playlist_id, series_version),
+            functools.partial(self._fetch_page, playlist_id, series_version, season_id),
             self._PAGE_SIZE)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        playlist_id, season_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'season')
         series_info = self._call_api(f'v1/video/series/{playlist_id}', playlist_id)
 
         return self.playlist_result(
-            self._entries(playlist_id, series_info['version']), playlist_id=playlist_id,
+            self._entries(playlist_id, series_info['version'], season_id), playlist_id=playlist_id,
             playlist_title=series_info.get('title'),
             playlist_description=series_info.get('content'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py
index d9691cb5c..b997a0288 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 
 class AcademicEarthCourseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://(?:www\.)?academicearth\.org/playlists/(?P<id>[^?#/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?academicearth\.org/playlists/(?P<id>[^?#/]+)'
     IE_NAME = 'AcademicEarth:Course'
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'http://academicearth.org/playlists/laws-of-nature/',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py
index 8f4a2cf0f..eb467cb75 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py
@@ -43,14 +43,14 @@ class ACastIE(ACastBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x:
                     https?://
                         (?:
-                            (?:(?:embed|www)\.)?acast\.com/|
+                            (?:(?:embed|www|shows)\.)?acast\.com/|
                             play\.acast\.com/s/
                         )
-                        (?P<channel>[^/]+)/(?P<id>[^/#?"]+)
+                        (?P<channel>[^/?#]+)/(?:episodes/)?(?P<id>[^/#?"]+)
                     )'''
     _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'(?x)<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL})']
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.acast.com/sparpodcast/2.raggarmordet-rosterurdetforflutna',
+        'url': 'https://shows.acast.com/sparpodcast/episodes/2.raggarmordet-rosterurdetforflutna',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '2a92b283-1a75-4ad8-8396-499c641de0d9',
             'ext': 'mp3',
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class ACastIE(ACastBaseIE):
             'timestamp': 1477346700,
             'upload_date': '20161024',
             'duration': 2766,
-            'creator': 'Third Ear Studio',
+            'creators': ['Third Ear Studio'],
             'series': 'Spår',
             'episode': '2. Raggarmordet - Röster ur det förflutna',
             'thumbnail': 'https://assets.pippa.io/shows/616ebe1886d7b1398620b943/616ebe33c7e6e70013cae7da.jpg',
@@ -74,6 +74,9 @@ class ACastIE(ACastBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://play.acast.com/s/rattegangspodden/s04e09styckmordetihelenelund-del2-2',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.acast.com/sparpodcast/2.raggarmordet-rosterurdetforflutna',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://play.acast.com/s/sparpodcast/2a92b283-1a75-4ad8-8396-499c641de0d9',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ class ACastChannelIE(ACastBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     https?://
                         (?:
-                            (?:www\.)?acast\.com/|
+                            (?:(?:www|shows)\.)?acast\.com/|
                             play\.acast\.com/s/
                         )
                         (?P<id>[^/#?]+)
@@ -120,12 +123,15 @@ class ACastChannelIE(ACastBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4efc5294-5385-4847-98bd-519799ce5786',
             'title': 'Today in Focus',
-            'description': 'md5:c09ce28c91002ce4ffce71d6504abaae',
+            'description': 'md5:feca253de9947634605080cd9eeea2bf',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 200,
     }, {
         'url': 'http://play.acast.com/s/ft-banking-weekly',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://shows.acast.com/sparpodcast',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
index c8a261375..7dff40556 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
@@ -11,11 +11,9 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     ass_subtitles_timecode,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
     bytes_to_long,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
     long_to_bytes,
     parse_iso8601,
@@ -198,16 +196,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         links_url = try_get(options, lambda x: x['video']['url']) or (video_base_url + 'link')
         self._K = ''.join(random.choices('0123456789abcdef', k=16))
-        message = bytes_to_intlist(json.dumps({
+        message = list(json.dumps({
             'k': self._K,
             't': token,
-        }))
+        }).encode())
 
         # Sometimes authentication fails for no good reason, retry with
         # a different random padding
         links_data = None
         for _ in range(3):
-            padded_message = intlist_to_bytes(pkcs1pad(message, 128))
+            padded_message = bytes(pkcs1pad(message, 128))
             n, e = self._RSA_KEY
             encrypted_message = long_to_bytes(pow(bytes_to_long(padded_message), e, n))
             authorization = base64.b64encode(encrypted_message).decode()
@@ -234,7 +232,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
                 error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read(), video_id)
                 message = error.get('message')
-                if e.cause.code == 403 and error.get('code') == 'player-bad-geolocation-country':
+                if e.cause.status == 403 and error.get('code') == 'player-bad-geolocation-country':
                     self.raise_geo_restricted(msg=message)
                 raise ExtractorError(message)
         else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
index eb7e597e5..f1b877927 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
@@ -1355,13 +1355,14 @@
 class AdobePassIE(InfoExtractor):  # XXX: Conventionally, base classes should end with BaseIE/InfoExtractor
     _SERVICE_PROVIDER_TEMPLATE = 'https://sp.auth.adobe.com/adobe-services/%s'
     _USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux i686; rv:47.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/47.0'
+    _MODERN_USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:131.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/131.0'
     _MVPD_CACHE = 'ap-mvpd'
 
     _DOWNLOADING_LOGIN_PAGE = 'Downloading Provider Login Page'
 
     def _download_webpage_handle(self, *args, **kwargs):
         headers = self.geo_verification_headers()
-        headers.update(kwargs.get('headers', {}))
+        headers.update(kwargs.get('headers') or {})
         kwargs['headers'] = headers
         return super()._download_webpage_handle(
             *args, **kwargs)
@@ -1454,7 +1455,11 @@ def extract_redirect_url(html, url=None, fatal=False):
                             'no_iframe': 'false',
                             'domain_name': 'adobe.com',
                             'redirect_url': url,
-                        })
+                        }, headers={
+                            # yt-dlp's default user-agent is usually too old for Comcast_SSO
+                            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10848
+                            'User-Agent': self._MODERN_USER_AGENT,
+                        } if mso_id == 'Comcast_SSO' else None)
                 elif not self._cookies_passed:
                     raise_mvpd_required()
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
index 815d20537..aadb4d660 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import datetime as dt
 import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@
     filter_dict,
     int_or_none,
     orderedSet,
-    unified_timestamp,
+    parse_iso8601,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
@@ -33,21 +34,21 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         }
 
         response = self._download_json(
-            'https://login.afreecatv.com/app/LoginAction.php', None,
+            'https://login.sooplive.co.kr/app/LoginAction.php', None,
             'Logging in', data=urlencode_postdata(login_form))
 
         _ERRORS = {
             -4: 'Your account has been suspended due to a violation of our terms and policies.',
-            -5: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/user_delete_progress.php',
-            -6: 'https://login.afreecatv.com/membership/changeMember.php',
-            -8: "Hello! AfreecaTV here.\nThe username you have entered belongs to \n an account that requires a legal guardian's consent. \nIf you wish to use our services without restriction, \nplease make sure to go through the necessary verification process.",
-            -9: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/pop_login_block.php',
-            -11: 'https://login.afreecatv.com/afreeca/second_login.php',
-            -12: 'https://member.afreecatv.com/app/user_security.php',
+            -5: 'https://member.sooplive.co.kr/app/user_delete_progress.php',
+            -6: 'https://login.sooplive.co.kr/membership/changeMember.php',
+            -8: "Hello! Soop here.\nThe username you have entered belongs to \n an account that requires a legal guardian's consent. \nIf you wish to use our services without restriction, \nplease make sure to go through the necessary verification process.",
+            -9: 'https://member.sooplive.co.kr/app/pop_login_block.php',
+            -11: 'https://login.sooplive.co.kr/afreeca/second_login.php',
+            -12: 'https://member.sooplive.co.kr/app/user_security.php',
             0: 'The username does not exist or you have entered the wrong password.',
             -1: 'The username does not exist or you have entered the wrong password.',
             -3: 'You have entered your username/password incorrectly.',
-            -7: 'You cannot use your Global AfreecaTV account to access Korean AfreecaTV.',
+            -7: 'You cannot use your Global Soop account to access Korean Soop.',
             -10: 'Sorry for the inconvenience. \nYour account has been blocked due to an unauthorized access. \nPlease contact our Help Center for assistance.',
             -32008: 'You have failed to log in. Please contact our Help Center.',
         }
@@ -61,76 +62,48 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
 
     def _call_api(self, endpoint, display_id, data=None, headers=None, query=None):
         return self._download_json(Request(
-            f'https://api.m.afreecatv.com/{endpoint}',
+            f'https://api.m.sooplive.co.kr/{endpoint}',
             data=data, headers=headers, query=query,
             extensions={'legacy_ssl': True}), display_id,
             'Downloading API JSON', 'Unable to download API JSON')
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _fixup_thumb(thumb_url):
+        if not url_or_none(thumb_url):
+            return None
+        # Core would determine_ext as 'php' from the url, so we need to provide the real ext
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11537
+        return [{'url': thumb_url, 'ext': 'jpg'}]
+
 
 class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'afreecatv'
-    IE_DESC = 'afreecatv.com'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-                    https?://
-                        (?:
-                            (?:(?:live|afbbs|www)\.)?afreeca(?:tv)?\.com(?::\d+)?
-                            (?:
-                                /app/(?:index|read_ucc_bbs)\.cgi|
-                                /player/[Pp]layer\.(?:swf|html)
-                            )\?.*?\bnTitleNo=|
-                            vod\.afreecatv\.com/(PLAYER/STATION|player)/
-                        )
-                        (?P<id>\d+)/?(?:$|[?#&])
-                    '''
+    IE_NAME = 'soop'
+    IE_DESC = 'sooplive.co.kr'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vod\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/(?:PLAYER/STATION|player)/(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:$|[?#&])'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://live.afreecatv.com:8079/app/index.cgi?szType=read_ucc_bbs&szBjId=dailyapril&nStationNo=16711924&nBbsNo=18605867&nTitleNo=36164052&szSkin=',
-        'md5': 'f72c89fe7ecc14c1b5ce506c4996046e',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/96753363',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '36164052',
+            'id': '20230108_9FF5BEE1_244432674_1',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '데일리 에이프릴 요정들의 시상식!',
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
-            'uploader': 'dailyapril',
-            'uploader_id': 'dailyapril',
-            'upload_date': '20160503',
+            'uploader_id': 'rlantnghks',
+            'uploader': '페이즈으',
+            'duration': 10840,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://videoimg\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/.+',
+            'upload_date': '20230108',
+            'timestamp': 1673186405,
+            'title': '젠지 페이즈',
         },
-        'skip': 'Video is gone',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://afbbs.afreecatv.com:8080/app/read_ucc_bbs.cgi?nStationNo=16711924&nTitleNo=36153164&szBjId=dailyapril&nBbsNo=18605867',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '36153164',
-            'title': "BJ유트루와 함께하는 '팅커벨 메이크업!'",
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
-            'uploader': 'dailyapril',
-            'uploader_id': 'dailyapril',
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
         },
-        'playlist_count': 2,
-        'playlist': [{
-            'md5': 'd8b7c174568da61d774ef0203159bf97',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '36153164_1',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': "BJ유트루와 함께하는 '팅커벨 메이크업!'",
-                'upload_date': '20160502',
-            },
-        }, {
-            'md5': '58f2ce7f6044e34439ab2d50612ab02b',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '36153164_2',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': "BJ유트루와 함께하는 '팅커벨 메이크업!'",
-                'upload_date': '20160502',
-            },
-        }],
-        'skip': 'Video is gone',
     }, {
         # non standard key
-        'url': 'http://vod.afreecatv.com/PLAYER/STATION/20515605',
+        'url': 'http://vod.sooplive.co.kr/PLAYER/STATION/20515605',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '20170411_BE689A0E_190960999_1_2_h',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '혼자사는여자집',
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://(?:video|st)img\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/.+',
             'uploader': '♥이슬이',
             'uploader_id': 'dasl8121',
             'upload_date': '20170411',
@@ -142,12 +115,12 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
         },
     }, {
         # adult content
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/97267690',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/97267690',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '20180327_27901457_202289533_1',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '[생]빨개요♥ (part 1)',
-            'thumbnail': 're:^https?://(?:video|st)img.afreecatv.com/.*$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://(?:video|st)img\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/.+',
             'uploader': '[SA]서아',
             'uploader_id': 'bjdyrksu',
             'upload_date': '20180327',
@@ -157,36 +130,17 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
             'skip_download': True,
         },
         'skip': 'The VOD does not exist',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.afreecatv.com/player/Player.swf?szType=szBjId=djleegoon&nStationNo=11273158&nBbsNo=13161095&nTitleNo=36327652',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/96753363',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '20230108_9FF5BEE1_244432674_1',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'uploader_id': 'rlantnghks',
-            'uploader': '페이즈으',
-            'duration': 10840,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://videoimg\.afreecatv\.com/.+',
-            'upload_date': '20230108',
-            'timestamp': 1673218805,
-            'title': '젠지 페이즈',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
     }, {
         # adult content
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/70395877',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/70395877',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         # subscribers only
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/104647403',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/104647403',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         # private
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/81669846',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/81669846',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
@@ -209,8 +163,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'title': ('title', {str}),
             'uploader': ('writer_nick', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('bj_id', {str}),
-            'duration': ('total_file_duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
-            'thumbnail': ('thumb', {url_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('total_file_duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'thumbnails': ('thumb', {self._fixup_thumb}),
         })
 
         entries = []
@@ -233,8 +187,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'title': f'{common_info.get("title") or "Untitled"} (part {file_num})',
                 'formats': formats,
                 **traverse_obj(file_element, {
-                    'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
-                    'timestamp': ('file_start', {unified_timestamp}),
+                    'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                    'timestamp': ('file_start', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ', timezone=dt.timedelta(hours=9))}),
                 }),
             })
 
@@ -262,11 +216,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class AfreecaTVCatchStoryIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'afreecatv:catchstory'
-    IE_DESC = 'afreecatv.com catch story'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vod\.afreecatv\.com/player/(?P<id>\d+)/catchstory'
+    IE_NAME = 'soop:catchstory'
+    IE_DESC = 'sooplive.co.kr catch story'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vod\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/player/(?P<id>\d+)/catchstory'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/103247/catchstory',
+        'url': 'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/103247/catchstory',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '103247',
         },
@@ -281,29 +235,28 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(data), video_id)
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _entries(data):
+    def _entries(self, data):
         # 'files' is always a list with 1 element
         yield from traverse_obj(data, (
             'data', lambda _, v: v['story_type'] == 'catch',
             'catch_list', lambda _, v: v['files'][0]['file'], {
                 'id': ('files', 0, 'file_info_key', {str}),
                 'url': ('files', 0, 'file', {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('files', 0, 'duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('files', 0, 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'uploader': ('writer_nick', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('writer_id', {str}),
-                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {url_or_none}),
+                'thumbnails': ('thumb', {self._fixup_thumb}),
                 'timestamp': ('write_timestamp', {int_or_none}),
             }))
 
 
 class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'afreecatv:live'
-    IE_DESC = 'afreecatv.com livestreams'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://play\.afreeca(?:tv)?\.com/(?P<id>[^/]+)(?:/(?P<bno>\d+))?'
+    IE_NAME = 'soop:live'
+    IE_DESC = 'sooplive.co.kr livestreams'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://play\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)(?:/(?P<bno>\d+))?'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/pyh3646/237852185',
+        'url': 'https://play.sooplive.co.kr/pyh3646/237852185',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '237852185',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -315,30 +268,30 @@ class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
         },
         'skip': 'Livestream has ended',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/pyh3646/237852185',
+        'url': 'https://play.sooplive.co.kr/pyh3646/237852185',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/pyh3646',
+        'url': 'https://play.sooplive.co.kr/pyh3646',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    _LIVE_API_URL = 'https://live.afreecatv.com/afreeca/player_live_api.php'
+    _LIVE_API_URL = 'https://live.sooplive.co.kr/afreeca/player_live_api.php'
     _WORKING_CDNS = [
-        'gcp_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v02.afreecatv.com
-        'gs_cdn_pc_app',  # pc-app.stream.afreecatv.com
-        'gs_cdn_mobile_web',  # mobile-web.stream.afreecatv.com
-        'gs_cdn_pc_web',  # pc-web.stream.afreecatv.com
+        'gcp_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v02.sooplive.co.kr
+        'gs_cdn_pc_app',  # pc-app.stream.sooplive.co.kr
+        'gs_cdn_mobile_web',  # mobile-web.stream.sooplive.co.kr
+        'gs_cdn_pc_web',  # pc-web.stream.sooplive.co.kr
     ]
     _BAD_CDNS = [
         'gs_cdn',  # chromecast.afreeca.gscdn.com (cannot resolve)
-        'gs_cdn_chromecast',  # chromecast.stream.afreecatv.com (HTTP Error 400)
-        'azure_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v01.afreecatv.com (cannot resolve)
-        'aws_cf',  # live-global-cdn-v03.afreecatv.com (cannot resolve)
-        'kt_cdn',  # kt.stream.afreecatv.com (HTTP Error 400)
+        'gs_cdn_chromecast',  # chromecast.stream.sooplive.co.kr (HTTP Error 400)
+        'azure_cdn',  # live-global-cdn-v01.sooplive.co.kr (cannot resolve)
+        'aws_cf',  # live-global-cdn-v03.sooplive.co.kr (cannot resolve)
+        'kt_cdn',  # kt.stream.sooplive.co.kr (HTTP Error 400)
     ]
 
     def _extract_formats(self, channel_info, broadcast_no, aid):
-        stream_base_url = channel_info.get('RMD') or 'https://livestream-manager.afreecatv.com'
+        stream_base_url = channel_info.get('RMD') or 'https://livestream-manager.sooplive.co.kr'
 
         # If user has not passed CDN IDs, try API-provided CDN ID followed by other working CDN IDs
         default_cdn_ids = orderedSet([
@@ -358,7 +311,7 @@ def _extract_formats(self, channel_info, broadcast_no, aid):
             try:
                 return self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     m3u8_url, broadcast_no, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', query={'aid': aid},
-                    headers={'Referer': 'https://play.afreecatv.com/'})
+                    headers={'Referer': 'https://play.sooplive.co.kr/'})
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if attempt == len(cdn_ids):
                     raise
@@ -374,7 +327,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         broadcaster_id = channel_info.get('BJID') or broadcaster_id
         broadcast_no = channel_info.get('BNO') or broadcast_no
         if not broadcast_no:
-            raise UserNotLive(video_id=broadcaster_id)
+            result = channel_info.get('RESULT')
+            if result == 0:
+                raise UserNotLive(video_id=broadcaster_id)
+            elif result == -6:
+                self.raise_login_required(
+                    'This channel is streaming for subscribers only', method='password')
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract broadcast number')
 
         password = self.get_param('videopassword')
         if channel_info.get('BPWD') == 'Y' and password is None:
@@ -403,7 +362,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         formats = self._extract_formats(channel_info, broadcast_no, aid)
 
         station_info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            'https://st.afreecatv.com/api/get_station_status.php', broadcast_no,
+            'https://st.sooplive.co.kr/api/get_station_status.php', broadcast_no,
             'Downloading channel metadata', 'Unable to download channel metadata',
             query={'szBjId': broadcaster_id}, fatal=False), {dict}) or {}
 
@@ -412,18 +371,18 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'title': channel_info.get('TITLE') or station_info.get('station_title'),
             'uploader': channel_info.get('BJNICK') or station_info.get('station_name'),
             'uploader_id': broadcaster_id,
-            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(station_info.get('broad_start')),
+            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(station_info.get('broad_start'), delimiter=' ', timezone=dt.timedelta(hours=9)),
             'formats': formats,
             'is_live': True,
             'http_headers': {'Referer': url},
         }
 
 
-class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'afreecatv:user'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://bj\.afreeca(?:tv)?\.com/(?P<id>[^/]+)/vods/?(?P<slug_type>[^/]+)?'
+class AfreecaTVUserIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'soop:user'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://ch\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/vods/?(?P<slug_type>[^/?#]+)?'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://bj.afreecatv.com/ryuryu24/vods/review',
+        'url': 'https://ch.sooplive.co.kr/ryuryu24/vods/review',
         'info_dict': {
             '_type': 'playlist',
             'id': 'ryuryu24',
@@ -431,7 +390,7 @@ class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_count': 218,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://bj.afreecatv.com/parang1995/vods/highlight',
+        'url': 'https://ch.sooplive.co.kr/parang1995/vods/highlight',
         'info_dict': {
             '_type': 'playlist',
             'id': 'parang1995',
@@ -439,7 +398,7 @@ class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_count': 997,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://bj.afreecatv.com/ryuryu24/vods',
+        'url': 'https://ch.sooplive.co.kr/ryuryu24/vods',
         'info_dict': {
             '_type': 'playlist',
             'id': 'ryuryu24',
@@ -447,7 +406,7 @@ class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_count': 221,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://bj.afreecatv.com/ryuryu24/vods/balloonclip',
+        'url': 'https://ch.sooplive.co.kr/ryuryu24/vods/balloonclip',
         'info_dict': {
             '_type': 'playlist',
             'id': 'ryuryu24',
@@ -459,12 +418,12 @@ class AfreecaTVUserIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _fetch_page(self, user_id, user_type, page):
         page += 1
-        info = self._download_json(f'https://bjapi.afreecatv.com/api/{user_id}/vods/{user_type}', user_id,
+        info = self._download_json(f'https://chapi.sooplive.co.kr/api/{user_id}/vods/{user_type}', user_id,
                                    query={'page': page, 'per_page': self._PER_PAGE, 'orderby': 'reg_date'},
                                    note=f'Downloading {user_type} video page {page}')
         for item in info['data']:
             yield self.url_result(
-                f'https://vod.afreecatv.com/player/{item["title_no"]}/', AfreecaTVIE, item['title_no'])
+                f'https://vod.sooplive.co.kr/player/{item["title_no"]}/', AfreecaTVIE, item['title_no'])
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         user_id, user_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'slug_type')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/agora.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/agora.py
index 983558425..e040db601 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/agora.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/agora.py
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class TokFMPodcastIE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://audycje.tokfm.pl/podcast/91275,-Systemowy-rasizm-Czy-zamieszki-w-USA-po-morderstwie-w-Minneapolis-doprowadza-do-zmian-w-sluzbach-panstwowych',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '91275',
-            'ext': 'aac',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'md5:a9b15488009065556900169fb8061cce',
             'episode': 'md5:a9b15488009065556900169fb8061cce',
             'series': 'Analizy',
@@ -164,23 +164,20 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             raise ExtractorError('No such podcast', expected=True)
         metadata = metadata[0]
 
-        formats = []
-        for ext in ('aac', 'mp3'):
-            url_data = self._download_json(
-                f'https://api.podcast.radioagora.pl/api4/getSongUrl?podcast_id={media_id}&device_id={uuid.uuid4()}&ppre=false&audio={ext}',
-                media_id, f'Downloading podcast {ext} URL')
-            # prevents inserting the mp3 (default) multiple times
-            if 'link_ssl' in url_data and f'.{ext}' in url_data['link_ssl']:
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': url_data['link_ssl'],
-                    'ext': ext,
-                    'vcodec': 'none',
-                    'acodec': ext,
-                })
+        mp3_url = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.podcast.radioagora.pl/api4/getSongUrl',
+            media_id, 'Downloading podcast mp3 URL', query={
+                'podcast_id': media_id,
+                'device_id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                'ppre': 'false',
+                'audio': 'mp3',
+            })['link_ssl']
 
         return {
             'id': media_id,
-            'formats': formats,
+            'url': mp3_url,
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': metadata.get('podcast_name'),
             'series': metadata.get('series_name'),
             'episode': metadata.get('podcast_name'),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py
index 5ea1c30e3..697d83c1e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/allstar.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def media_url_or_none(path):
             'thumbnails': (('clipImageThumb', 'clipImageSource'), {'url': {media_url_or_none}}),
             'duration': ('clipLength', {int_or_none}),
             'filesize': ('clipSizeBytes', {int_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('createdDate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'timestamp': ('createdDate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'uploader': ('username', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('user', '_id', {str}),
             'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
index bf3d60b5e..bd3b19b13 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/anvato.py
@@ -8,10 +8,8 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..aes import aes_encrypt
 from ..utils import (
-    bytes_to_intlist,
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     join_nonempty,
     smuggle_url,
     strip_jsonp,
@@ -33,24 +31,6 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
     _AUTH_KEY = b'\x31\xc2\x42\x84\x9e\x73\xa0\xce'  # from anvplayer.min.js
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        # from https://www.nfl.com/videos/baker-mayfield-s-game-changing-plays-from-3-td-game-week-14
-        'url': 'anvato:GXvEgwyJeWem8KCYXfeoHWknwP48Mboj:899441',
-        'md5': '921919dab3cd0b849ff3d624831ae3e2',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '899441',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Baker Mayfield\'s game-changing plays from 3-TD game Week 14',
-            'description': 'md5:85e05a3cc163f8c344340f220521136d',
-            'upload_date': '20201215',
-            'timestamp': 1608009755,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-            'uploader': 'NFL',
-            'tags': ['Baltimore Ravens at Cleveland Browns (2020-REG-14)', 'Baker Mayfield', 'Game Highlights',
-                     'Player Highlights', 'Cleveland Browns', 'league'],
-            'duration': 157,
-            'categories': ['Entertainment', 'Game', 'Highlights'],
-        },
-    }, {
         # from https://ktla.com/news/99-year-old-woman-learns-to-fly-in-torrance-checks-off-bucket-list-dream/
         'url': 'anvato:X8POa4zpGZMmeiq0wqiO8IP5rMqQM9VN:8032455',
         'md5': '837718bcfb3a7778d022f857f7a9b19e',
@@ -241,31 +221,6 @@ class AnvatoIE(InfoExtractor):
         'telemundo': 'anvato_mcp_telemundo_web_prod_c5278d51ad46fda4b6ca3d0ea44a7846a054f582',
     }
 
-    def _generate_nfl_token(self, anvack, mcp_id):
-        reroute = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.nfl.com/v1/reroute', mcp_id, data=b'grant_type=client_credentials',
-            headers={'X-Domain-Id': 100}, note='Fetching token info')
-        token_type = reroute.get('token_type') or 'Bearer'
-        auth_token = f'{token_type} {reroute["access_token"]}'
-        response = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.nfl.com/v3/shield/', mcp_id, data=json.dumps({
-                'query': '''{
-  viewer {
-    mediaToken(anvack: "%s", id: %s) {
-      token
-    }
-  }
-}''' % (anvack, mcp_id),  # noqa: UP031
-            }).encode(), headers={
-                'Authorization': auth_token,
-                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
-            }, note='Fetching NFL API token')
-        return traverse_obj(response, ('data', 'viewer', 'mediaToken', 'token'))
-
-    _TOKEN_GENERATORS = {
-        'GXvEgwyJeWem8KCYXfeoHWknwP48Mboj': _generate_nfl_token,
-    }
-
     def _server_time(self, access_key, video_id):
         return int_or_none(traverse_obj(self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/server_time', video_id, query={'anvack': access_key},
@@ -277,8 +232,8 @@ def _get_video_json(self, access_key, video_id, extracted_token):
         server_time = self._server_time(access_key, video_id)
         input_data = f'{server_time}~{md5_text(video_data_url)}~{md5_text(server_time)}'
 
-        auth_secret = intlist_to_bytes(aes_encrypt(
-            bytes_to_intlist(input_data[:64]), bytes_to_intlist(self._AUTH_KEY)))
+        auth_secret = bytes(aes_encrypt(
+            list(input_data[:64].encode()), list(self._AUTH_KEY)))
         query = {
             'X-Anvato-Adst-Auth': base64.b64encode(auth_secret).decode('ascii'),
             'rtyp': 'fp',
@@ -290,8 +245,6 @@ def _get_video_json(self, access_key, video_id, extracted_token):
         }
         if extracted_token is not None:
             api['anvstk2'] = extracted_token
-        elif self._TOKEN_GENERATORS.get(access_key) is not None:
-            api['anvstk2'] = self._TOKEN_GENERATORS[access_key](self, access_key, video_id)
         elif self._ANVACK_TABLE.get(access_key) is not None:
             api['anvstk'] = md5_text(f'{access_key}|{anvrid}|{server_time}|{self._ANVACK_TABLE[access_key]}')
         else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/applepodcasts.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/applepodcasts.py
index bd301e904..b99d24e0e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/applepodcasts.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/applepodcasts.py
@@ -1,27 +1,42 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    clean_html,
     clean_podcast_url,
-    get_element_by_class,
     int_or_none,
     parse_iso8601,
-    try_get,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class ApplePodcastsIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://podcasts\.apple\.com/(?:[^/]+/)?podcast(?:/[^/]+){1,2}.*?\bi=(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ferreck-dawn-to-the-break-of-dawn-117/id1625658232?i=1000665010654',
+        'md5': '82cc219b8cc1dcf8bfc5a5e99b23b172',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1000665010654',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Ferreck Dawn - To The Break of Dawn 117',
+            'episode': 'Ferreck Dawn - To The Break of Dawn 117',
+            'description': 'md5:1fc571102f79dbd0a77bfd71ffda23bc',
+            'upload_date': '20240812',
+            'timestamp': 1723449600,
+            'duration': 3596,
+            'series': 'Ferreck Dawn - To The Break of Dawn',
+            'thumbnail': 're:.+[.](png|jpe?g|webp)',
+        },
+    }, {
         'url': 'https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/207-whitney-webb-returns/id1135137367?i=1000482637777',
-        'md5': '41dc31cd650143e530d9423b6b5a344f',
+        'md5': 'baf8a6b8b8aa6062dbb4639ed73d0052',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1000482637777',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': '207 - Whitney Webb Returns',
+            'episode': '207 - Whitney Webb Returns',
+            'episode_number': 207,
             'description': 'md5:75ef4316031df7b41ced4e7b987f79c6',
             'upload_date': '20200705',
             'timestamp': 1593932400,
-            'duration': 6454,
+            'duration': 5369,
             'series': 'The Tim Dillon Show',
             'thumbnail': 're:.+[.](png|jpe?g|webp)',
         },
@@ -39,47 +54,24 @@ class ApplePodcastsIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         episode_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, episode_id)
-        episode_data = {}
-        ember_data = {}
-        # new page type 2021-11
-        amp_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?s)id="shoebox-media-api-cache-amp-podcasts"[^>]*>\s*({.+?})\s*<',
-            webpage, 'AMP data', default='{}'), episode_id, fatal=False) or {}
-        amp_data = try_get(amp_data,
-                           lambda a: self._parse_json(
-                               next(a[x] for x in iter(a) if episode_id in x),
-                               episode_id),
-                           dict) or {}
-        amp_data = amp_data.get('d') or []
-        episode_data = try_get(
-            amp_data,
-            lambda a: next(x for x in a
-                           if x['type'] == 'podcast-episodes' and x['id'] == episode_id),
-            dict)
-        if not episode_data:
-            # try pre 2021-11 page type: TODO: consider deleting if no longer used
-            ember_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-                r'(?s)id="shoebox-ember-data-store"[^>]*>\s*({.+?})\s*<',
-                webpage, 'ember data'), episode_id) or {}
-            ember_data = ember_data.get(episode_id) or ember_data
-            episode_data = try_get(ember_data, lambda x: x['data'], dict)
-        episode = episode_data['attributes']
-        description = episode.get('description') or {}
-
-        series = None
-        for inc in (amp_data or ember_data.get('included') or []):
-            if inc.get('type') == 'media/podcast':
-                series = try_get(inc, lambda x: x['attributes']['name'])
-        series = series or clean_html(get_element_by_class('podcast-header__identity', webpage))
+        server_data = self._search_json(
+            r'<script [^>]*\bid=["\']serialized-server-data["\'][^>]*>', webpage,
+            'server data', episode_id, contains_pattern=r'\[{(?s:.+)}\]')[0]['data']
+        model_data = traverse_obj(server_data, (
+            'headerButtonItems', lambda _, v: v['$kind'] == 'bookmark' and v['modelType'] == 'EpisodeOffer',
+            'model', {dict}, any))
 
         return {
             'id': episode_id,
-            'title': episode.get('name'),
-            'url': clean_podcast_url(episode['assetUrl']),
-            'description': description.get('standard') or description.get('short'),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(episode.get('releaseDateTime')),
-            'duration': int_or_none(episode.get('durationInMilliseconds'), 1000),
-            'series': series,
+            **self._json_ld(
+                traverse_obj(server_data, ('seoData', 'schemaContent', {dict}))
+                or self._yield_json_ld(webpage, episode_id, fatal=False), episode_id, fatal=False),
+            **traverse_obj(model_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'url': ('streamUrl', {clean_podcast_url}),
+                'timestamp': ('releaseDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
             'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
             'vcodec': 'none',
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
index f5a55efc4..2849d9fd5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/archiveorg.py
@@ -205,6 +205,26 @@ class ArchiveOrgIE(InfoExtractor):
                 },
             },
         ],
+    }, {
+        # The reviewbody is None for one of the reviews; just need to extract data without crashing
+        'url': 'https://archive.org/details/gd95-04-02.sbd.11622.sbeok.shnf/gd95-04-02d1t04.shn',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'gd95-04-02.sbd.11622.sbeok.shnf/gd95-04-02d1t04.shn',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again',
+            'creators': ['Grateful Dead'],
+            'duration': 338.31,
+            'track': 'Stuck Inside of Mobile with the Memphis Blues Again',
+            'description': 'md5:764348a470b986f1217ffd38d6ac7b72',
+            'display_id': 'gd95-04-02d1t04.shn',
+            'location': 'Pyramid Arena',
+            'uploader': 'jon@archive.org',
+            'album': '1995-04-02 - Pyramid Arena',
+            'upload_date': '20040519',
+            'track_number': 4,
+            'release_date': '19950402',
+            'timestamp': 1084927901,
+        },
     }]
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -335,7 +355,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 info['comments'].append({
                     'id': review.get('review_id'),
                     'author': review.get('reviewer'),
-                    'text': str_or_none(review.get('reviewtitle'), '') + '\n\n' + review.get('reviewbody'),
+                    'text': join_nonempty('reviewtitle', 'reviewbody', from_dict=review, delim='\n\n'),
                     'timestamp': unified_timestamp(review.get('createdate')),
                     'parent': 'root'})
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
index 6fd641347..89d329921 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ard.py
@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'ARDMediathek'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https://
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://
         (?:(?:beta|www)\.)?ardmediathek\.de/
         (?:[^/]+/)?
         (?:player|live|video)/
@@ -299,7 +299,7 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '94834686',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'duration': 2700,
+            'duration': 2670,
             'episode': '7 Tage ... unter harten Jungs',
             'description': 'md5:0f215470dcd2b02f59f4bd10c963f072',
             'upload_date': '20231005',
@@ -307,10 +307,28 @@ class ARDBetaMediathekIE(InfoExtractor):
             'display_id': 'N2I2YmM5MzgtNWFlOS00ZGFlLTg2NzMtYzNjM2JlNjk4MDg3',
             'series': '7 Tage ...',
             'channel': 'HR',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:f6e6d5ffac41925c?w=960&ch=fa32ba69bc87989a',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:430c86d233afa42d?w=960&ch=fa32ba69bc87989a',
             'title': '7 Tage ... unter harten Jungs',
             '_old_archive_ids': ['ardbetamediathek N2I2YmM5MzgtNWFlOS00ZGFlLTg2NzMtYzNjM2JlNjk4MDg3'],
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ardmediathek.de/video/lokalzeit-aus-duesseldorf/lokalzeit-aus-duesseldorf-oder-31-10-2024/wdr-duesseldorf/Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtOWFkMTc0ZWMtMDA5ZS00ZDEwLWFjYjctMGNmNTdhNzVmNzUz',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '13847165',
+            'chapters': 'count:8',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'channel': 'WDR',
+            'display_id': 'Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtOWFkMTc0ZWMtMDA5ZS00ZDEwLWFjYjctMGNmNTdhNzVmNzUz',
+            'episode': 'Lokalzeit aus Düsseldorf | 31.10.2024',
+            'series': 'Lokalzeit aus Düsseldorf',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://api.ardmediathek.de/image-service/images/urn:ard:image:f02ec9bd9b7bd5f6?w=960&ch=612491dcd5e09b0c',
+            'title': 'Lokalzeit aus Düsseldorf | 31.10.2024',
+            'upload_date': '20241031',
+            'timestamp': 1730399400,
+            'description': 'md5:12db30b3b706314efe3778b8df1a7058',
+            'duration': 1759,
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['ardbetamediathek Y3JpZDovL3dkci5kZS9CZWl0cmFnLXNvcGhvcmEtOWFkMTc0ZWMtMDA5ZS00ZDEwLWFjYjctMGNmNTdhNzVmNzUz'],
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://beta.ardmediathek.de/ard/video/Y3JpZDovL2Rhc2Vyc3RlLmRlL3RhdG9ydC9mYmM4NGM1NC0xNzU4LTRmZGYtYWFhZS0wYzcyZTIxNGEyMDE',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -455,6 +473,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'subtitles': subtitles,
             'is_live': is_live,
             'age_limit': age_limit,
+            **traverse_obj(media_data, {
+                'chapters': ('pluginData', 'jumpmarks@all', 'chapterArray', lambda _, v: int_or_none(v['chapterTime']), {
+                    'start_time': ('chapterTime', {int_or_none}),
+                    'title': ('chapterTitle', {str}),
+                }),
+            }),
             **traverse_obj(media_data, ('meta', {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'synopsis',
@@ -470,7 +494,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class ARDMediathekCollectionIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https://
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://
         (?:(?:beta|www)\.)?ardmediathek\.de/
         (?:[^/?#]+/)?
         (?P<playlist>sendung|serie|sammlung)/
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/azmedien.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/azmedien.py
index 0e3a03f03..9f6bd820c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/azmedien.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/azmedien.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-import json
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .kaltura import KalturaIE
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj
 
 
 class AZMedienIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -9,15 +8,15 @@ class AZMedienIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     https?://
                         (?:www\.|tv\.)?
-                        (?P<host>
+                        (?:
                             telezueri\.ch|
                             telebaern\.tv|
                             telem1\.ch|
                             tvo-online\.ch
                         )/
-                        [^/]+/
+                        [^/?#]+/
                         (?P<id>
-                            [^/]+-(?P<article_id>\d+)
+                            [^/?#]+-\d+
                         )
                         (?:
                             \#video=
@@ -47,19 +46,17 @@ class AZMedienIE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://www.telebaern.tv/telebaern-news/montag-1-oktober-2018-ganze-sendung-133531189#video=0_7xjo9lf1',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
-    _API_TEMPL = 'https://www.%s/api/pub/gql/%s/NewsArticleTeaser/a4016f65fe62b81dc6664dd9f4910e4ab40383be'
     _PARTNER_ID = '1719221'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        host, display_id, article_id, entry_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        display_id, entry_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
 
         if not entry_id:
-            entry_id = self._download_json(
-                self._API_TEMPL % (host, host.split('.')[0]), display_id, query={
-                    'variables': json.dumps({
-                        'contextId': 'NewsArticle:' + article_id,
-                    }),
-                })['data']['context']['mainAsset']['video']['kaltura']['kalturaId']
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+            data = self._search_json(
+                r'window\.__APOLLO_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'video data', display_id)
+            entry_id = traverse_obj(data, (
+                lambda _, v: v['__typename'] == 'KalturaData', 'kalturaId', any, {require('kaltura id')}))
 
         return self.url_result(
             f'kaltura:{self._PARTNER_ID}:{entry_id}',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py
index 61cbab5a7..939c2800e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandcamp.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import json
 import random
 import re
 import time
@@ -6,6 +7,7 @@
 from ..utils import (
     KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     ExtractorError,
+    extract_attributes,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     parse_filesize,
@@ -17,6 +19,7 @@
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class BandcampIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -40,6 +43,8 @@ class BandcampIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_url': 'https://youtube-dl.bandcamp.com',
             'uploader_id': 'youtube-dl',
             'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a3216802731_5.jpg',
+            'artists': ['youtube-dl "\'/\\ä↭'],
+            'album_artists': ['youtube-dl "\'/\\ä↭'],
         },
         'skip': 'There is a limit of 200 free downloads / month for the test song',
     }, {
@@ -266,6 +271,18 @@ class BandcampAlbumIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                     'timestamp': 1311756226,
                     'upload_date': '20110727',
                     'uploader': 'Blazo',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a1721150828_5.jpg',
+                    'album_artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://blazo.bandcamp.com',
+                    'release_date': '20110727',
+                    'release_timestamp': 1311724800.0,
+                    'track': 'Intro',
+                    'uploader_id': 'blazo',
+                    'track_number': 1,
+                    'album': 'Jazz Format Mixtape vol.1',
+                    'artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'duration': 19.335,
+                    'track_id': '1353101989',
                 },
             },
             {
@@ -277,6 +294,18 @@ class BandcampAlbumIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
                     'timestamp': 1311757238,
                     'upload_date': '20110727',
                     'uploader': 'Blazo',
+                    'track': 'Kero One - Keep It Alive (Blazo remix)',
+                    'release_date': '20110727',
+                    'track_id': '38097443',
+                    'track_number': 2,
+                    'duration': 181.467,
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://blazo.bandcamp.com',
+                    'album': 'Jazz Format Mixtape vol.1',
+                    'uploader_id': 'blazo',
+                    'album_artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'artists': ['Blazo'],
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a1721150828_5.jpg',
+                    'release_timestamp': 1311724800.0,
                 },
             },
         ],
@@ -284,6 +313,7 @@ class BandcampAlbumIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'title': 'Jazz Format Mixtape vol.1',
             'id': 'jazz-format-mixtape-vol-1',
             'uploader_id': 'blazo',
+            'description': 'md5:38052a93217f3ffdc033cd5dbbce2989',
         },
         'params': {
             'playlistend': 2,
@@ -358,10 +388,10 @@ class BandcampWeeklyIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandcamp\.com/?\?(?:.*?&)?show=(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://bandcamp.com/?show=224',
-        'md5': 'b00df799c733cf7e0c567ed187dea0fd',
+        'md5': '61acc9a002bed93986b91168aa3ab433',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '224',
-            'ext': 'opus',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'BC Weekly April 4th 2017 - Magic Moments',
             'description': 'md5:5d48150916e8e02d030623a48512c874',
             'duration': 5829.77,
@@ -371,7 +401,7 @@ class BandcampWeeklyIE(BandcampIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'episode_id': '224',
         },
         'params': {
-            'format': 'opus-lo',
+            'format': 'mp3-128',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://bandcamp.com/?blah/blah@&show=228',
@@ -459,7 +489,7 @@ class BandcampUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://coldworldofficial.bandcamp.com/music',
-        'playlist_mincount': 10,
+        'playlist_mincount': 7,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'coldworldofficial',
             'title': 'Discography of coldworldofficial',
@@ -473,12 +503,19 @@ class BandcampUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     }]
 
+    def _yield_items(self, webpage):
+        yield from (
+            re.findall(r'<li data-item-id=["\'][^>]+>\s*<a href=["\'](?![^"\'/]*?/merch)([^"\']+)', webpage)
+            or re.findall(r'<div[^>]+trackTitle["\'][^"\']+["\']([^"\']+)', webpage))
+
+        yield from traverse_obj(webpage, (
+            {find_element(id='music-grid', html=True)}, {extract_attributes},
+            'data-client-items', {json.loads}, ..., 'page_url', {str}))
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         uploader = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, uploader)
 
-        discography_data = (re.findall(r'<li data-item-id=["\'][^>]+>\s*<a href=["\'](?![^"\'/]*?/merch)([^"\']+)', webpage)
-                            or re.findall(r'<div[^>]+trackTitle["\'][^"\']+["\']([^"\']+)', webpage))
-
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            discography_data, uploader, f'Discography of {uploader}', getter=lambda x: urljoin(url, x))
+            self._yield_items(webpage), uploader, f'Discography of {uploader}',
+            getter=urljoin(url))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f110b793b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py
@@ -0,0 +1,437 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    float_or_none,
+    format_field,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_qs,
+    truncate_string,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
+
+
+class BandlabBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _call_api(self, endpoint, asset_id, **kwargs):
+        headers = kwargs.pop('headers', None) or {}
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.bandlab.com/api/v1.3/{endpoint}/{asset_id}',
+            asset_id, headers={
+                'accept': 'application/json',
+                'referer': 'https://www.bandlab.com/',
+                'x-client-id': 'BandLab-Web',
+                'x-client-version': '10.1.124',
+                **headers,
+            }, **kwargs)
+
+    def _parse_revision(self, revision_data, url=None):
+        return {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+            'extractor_key': BandlabIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': BandlabIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(revision_data, {
+                'webpage_url': (
+                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/revision/%s')}), filter, any),
+                'id': (('revisionId', 'id'), {str}, any),
+                'title': ('song', 'name', {str}),
+                'track': ('song', 'name', {str}),
+                'url': ('mixdown', 'file', {url_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('song', 'picture', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdOn', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('mixdown', 'duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'genres': ('genres', ..., 'name', {str}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _parse_track(self, track_data, url=None):
+        return {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'media_type': 'track',
+            'extractor_key': BandlabIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': BandlabIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(track_data, {
+                'webpage_url': (
+                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/post/%s')}), filter, any),
+                'id': (('revisionId', 'id'), {str}, any),
+                'url': ('track', 'sample', 'audioUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'title': ('track', 'name', {str}),
+                'track': ('track', 'name', {str}),
+                'description': ('caption', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('track', 'picture', ('original', 'url'), {url_or_none}, any),
+                'view_count': ('counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('track', 'sample', 'duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdOn', {parse_iso8601}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+    def _parse_video(self, video_data, url=None):
+        return {
+            'media_type': 'video',
+            'extractor_key': BandlabIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': BandlabIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'id': ('id', {str}),
+                'webpage_url': (
+                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/post/%s')}), filter, any),
+                'url': ('video', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'title': ('caption', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=72)}),
+                'description': ('caption', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('video', 'picture', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('video', 'counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('video', 'counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?P<url_type>track|post|revision)/(?P<id>[\da-f_-]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?P<url_type>embed)/\?(?:[^#]*&)?id=(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)',
+    ]
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL[1]})[\'"]']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/04b37e88dba24967b9dac8eb8567ff39_07d7f906fc96ee11b75e000d3a428fff',
+        'md5': '46f7b43367dd268bbcf0bbe466753b2c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '02d7f906-fc96-ee11-b75e-000d3a428fff',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'uploader_id': 'ender_milze',
+            'track': 'sweet black',
+            'description': 'composed by juanjn3737',
+            'timestamp': 1702171963,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 54.629999999999995,
+            'title': 'sweet black',
+            'upload_date': '20231210',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
+            'genres': ['Lofi'],
+            'uploader': 'ender milze',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Same track as above but post URL
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/post/07d7f906-fc96-ee11-b75e-000d3a428fff',
+        'md5': '46f7b43367dd268bbcf0bbe466753b2c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '02d7f906-fc96-ee11-b75e-000d3a428fff',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'uploader_id': 'ender_milze',
+            'track': 'sweet black',
+            'description': 'composed by juanjn3737',
+            'timestamp': 1702171973,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 54.629999999999995,
+            'title': 'sweet black',
+            'upload_date': '20231210',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
+            'genres': ['Lofi'],
+            'uploader': 'ender milze',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # SharedKey Example
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/048916c2-c6da-ee11-85f9-6045bd2e11f9?sharedKey=0NNWX8qYAEmI38lWAzCNDA',
+        'md5': '15174b57c44440e2a2008be9cae00250',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '038916c2-c6da-ee11-85f9-6045bd2e11f9',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Other'],
+            'uploader_id': 'user8353034818103753',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/51b18363-da23-4b9b-a29c-2933a3e561ca/',
+            'timestamp': 1709625771,
+            'track': 'PodcastMaerchen4b',
+            'duration': 468.14,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'description': 'Podcast: Neues aus der Märchenwelt',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20240305',
+            'uploader': 'Erna Wageneder',
+            'title': 'PodcastMaerchen4b',
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Different Revision selected
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/130343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09?revId=110343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09',
+        'md5': '74e055ef9325d63f37088772fbfe4454',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '110343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'timestamp': 1588273294,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/b612e533-e4f7-4542-9f50-3fcfd8dd822c/',
+            'description': 'Final Revision.',
+            'title': 'Replay ( Instrumental)',
+            'uploader': 'David R Sparks',
+            'uploader_id': 'davesnothome69',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'track': 'Replay ( Instrumental)',
+            'genres': ['Rock'],
+            'upload_date': '20200430',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 279.43,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Video
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/post/5cdf9036-3857-ef11-991a-6045bd36e0d9',
+        'md5': '8caa2ef28e86c1dacf167293cfdbeba9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5cdf9036-3857-ef11-991a-6045bd36e0d9',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 44.705,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/videos/67c6cef1-cef6-40d3-831e-a55bc1dcb972/',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'title': 'backing vocals',
+            'uploader_id': 'marliashya',
+            'uploader': 'auraa',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'description': 'backing vocals',
+            'media_type': 'video',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Embed Example
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/embed/?blur=false&id=014de0a4-7d82-ea11-a94c-0003ffd19c0f',
+        'md5': 'a4ad05cb68c54faaed9b0a8453a8cf4a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '014de0a4-7d82-ea11-a94c-0003ffd19c0f',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Electronic'],
+            'uploader': 'Charlie Henson',
+            'timestamp': 1587328674,
+            'upload_date': '20200419',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'track': 'Positronic Meltdown',
+            'duration': 318.55,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/87165bc3-5439-496e-b1f7-a9f13b541ff2/',
+            'description': 'Checkout my tracks at AOMX http://aomxsounds.com/',
+            'uploader_id': 'microfreaks',
+            'title': 'Positronic Meltdown',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Track without revisions available
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/track/55767ac51789ea11a94c0003ffd1fc09_2f007b0a37b94ec7a69bc25ae15108a5',
+        'md5': 'f05d68a3769952c2d9257c473e14c15f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '55767ac51789ea11a94c0003ffd1fc09_2f007b0a37b94ec7a69bc25ae15108a5',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'track': 'insame',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 84.03,
+            'title': 'insame',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Sorakime',
+            'uploader_id': 'sorakime',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/572a351a-0f3a-4c6a-ac39-1a5defdeeb1c/',
+            'timestamp': 1691162128,
+            'upload_date': '20230804',
+            'media_type': 'track',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/revision/014de0a4-7d82-ea11-a94c-0003ffd19c0f',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://phantomluigi.github.io/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e14223c3-7871-ef11-bdfd-000d3a980db3',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20240913',
+            'uploader_id': 'phantommusicofficial',
+            'timestamp': 1726194897,
+            'uploader': 'Phantom',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Progresive Rock'],
+            'description': 'md5:a38cd668f7a2843295ef284114f18429',
+            'duration': 225.23,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'title': 'Vermilion Pt. 2 (Cover)',
+            'track': 'Vermilion Pt. 2 (Cover)',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/62b10750-7aef-4f42-ad08-1af52f577e97/',
+            'media_type': 'revision',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id, url_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'url_type')
+
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        revision_id = traverse_obj(qs, (('revId', 'id'), 0, any))
+        if url_type == 'revision':
+            revision_id = display_id
+
+        revision_data = None
+        if not revision_id:
+            post_data = self._call_api(
+                'posts', display_id, note='Downloading post data',
+                query=traverse_obj(qs, {'sharedKey': ('sharedKey', 0)}))
+
+            revision_id = traverse_obj(post_data, (('revisionId', ('revision', 'id')), {str}, any))
+            revision_data = traverse_obj(post_data, ('revision', {dict}))
+
+            if not revision_data and not revision_id:
+                post_type = post_data.get('type')
+                if post_type == 'Video':
+                    return self._parse_video(post_data, url=url)
+                if post_type == 'Track':
+                    return self._parse_track(post_data, url=url)
+                raise ExtractorError(f'Could not extract data for post type {post_type!r}')
+
+        if not revision_data:
+            revision_data = self._call_api(
+                'revisions', revision_id, note='Downloading revision data', query={'edit': 'false'})
+
+        return self._parse_revision(revision_data, url=url)
+
+
+class BandlabPlaylistIE(BandlabBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?:[\w]+/)?(?P<type>albums|collections)/(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?bandlab.com/(?P<type>embed)/collection/\?(?:[^#]*&)?id=(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)',
+    ]
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL[1]})[\'"]']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/davesnothome69/albums/89b79ea6-de42-ed11-b495-00224845aac7',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.3/albums/69507ff3-579a-45be-afca-9e87eddec944/',
+            'release_date': '20221003',
+            'title': 'Remnants',
+            'album': 'Remnants',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'album_type': 'LP',
+            'description': 'A collection of some feel good, rock hits.',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'id': '89b79ea6-de42-ed11-b495-00224845aac7',
+            'uploader': 'David R Sparks',
+            'uploader_id': 'davesnothome69',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 10,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/slytheband/collections/955102d4-1040-ef11-86c3-000d3a42581b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '955102d4-1040-ef11-86c3-000d3a42581b',
+            'timestamp': 1720762659,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'title': 'My Shit 🖤',
+            'uploader_id': 'slytheband',
+            'uploader': '𝓢𝓛𝓨',
+            'upload_date': '20240712',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/collections/2c64ca12-b180-4b76-8587-7a8da76bddc8/',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 15,
+    }, {
+        # Embeds can contain both albums and collections with the same URL pattern. This is an album
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/embed/collection/?id=12cc6f7f-951b-ee11-907c-00224844f303',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '12cc6f7f-951b-ee11-907c-00224844f303',
+            'release_date': '20230706',
+            'description': 'This is a collection of songs I created when I had an Amiga computer.',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'title': 'Mark Salud The Amiga Collection',
+            'uploader_id': 'mssirmooth1962',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.3/albums/d618bd7b-0537-40d5-bdd8-61b066e77d59/',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Mark Salud',
+            'album': 'Mark Salud The Amiga Collection',
+            'album_type': 'LP',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 24,
+    }, {
+        # Tracks without revision id
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/embed/collection/?id=e98aafb5-d932-ee11-b8f0-00224844c719',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': 'sorakime',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Sorakime',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:4ec31c568a5f5a5a2b17572ea64c3825',
+            'release_date': '20230812',
+            'title': 'Art',
+            'album': 'Art',
+            'album_type': 'Album',
+            'id': 'e98aafb5-d932-ee11-b8f0-00224844c719',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.3/albums/20c890de-e94a-4422-828a-2da6377a13c8/',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 13,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.bandlab.com/albums/89b79ea6-de42-ed11-b495-00224845aac7',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, album_data):
+        for post in traverse_obj(album_data, ('posts', lambda _, v: v['type'])):
+            post_type = post['type']
+            if post_type == 'Revision':
+                yield self._parse_revision(post.get('revision'))
+            elif post_type == 'Track':
+                yield self._parse_track(post)
+            elif post_type == 'Video':
+                yield self._parse_video(post)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unknown post type: "{post_type}"')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id, playlist_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'type')
+
+        endpoints = {
+            'albums': ['albums'],
+            'collections': ['collections'],
+            'embed': ['collections', 'albums'],
+        }.get(playlist_type)
+        for endpoint in endpoints:
+            playlist_data = self._call_api(
+                endpoint, playlist_id, note=f'Downloading {endpoint[:-1]} data',
+                fatal=False, expected_status=404)
+            if not playlist_data.get('errorCode'):
+                playlist_type = endpoint
+                break
+        if error_code := playlist_data.get('errorCode'):
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Could not find playlist data. Error code: "{error_code}"')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(playlist_data), playlist_id,
+            **traverse_obj(playlist_data, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('creator', 'username', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdOn', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'release_date': ('releaseDate', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '')}, filter),
+                'thumbnail': ('picture', ('original', 'url'), {url_or_none}, any),
+                'like_count': ('counters', 'likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('counters', 'comments', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **(traverse_obj(playlist_data, {
+                'album': ('name', {str}),
+                'album_type': ('type', {str}),
+            }) if playlist_type == 'albums' else {}))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
index 3af923f95..89fcf4425 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bbc.py
@@ -1284,9 +1284,9 @@ def parse_model(model):
                 **traverse_obj(model, {
                     'title': ('title', {str}),
                     'thumbnail': ('imageUrl', {lambda u: urljoin(url, u.replace('$recipe', 'raw'))}),
-                    'description': ('synopses', ('long', 'medium', 'short'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}, any),
+                    'description': ('synopses', ('long', 'medium', 'short'), {str}, filter, any),
                     'duration': ('versions', 0, 'duration', {int}),
-                    'timestamp': ('versions', 0, 'availableFrom', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'timestamp': ('versions', 0, 'availableFrom', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 }),
             }
 
@@ -1386,7 +1386,7 @@ def parse_media(media):
                     formats = traverse_obj(media_data, ('playlist', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']), {
                         'url': ('url', {url_or_none}),
                         'ext': ('format', {str}),
-                        'tbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                        'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     }))
                     if formats:
                         entry = {
@@ -1398,7 +1398,7 @@ def parse_media(media):
                                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                                 'thumbnail': ('imageUrl', {lambda u: urljoin(url, u.replace('$recipe', 'raw'))}),
                                 'description': ('synopses', ('long', 'medium', 'short'), {str}, any),
-                                'timestamp': ('firstPublished', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                                'timestamp': ('firstPublished', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                             }),
                         }
                         done = True
@@ -1428,7 +1428,7 @@ def extract_all(pattern):
             if not entry.get('timestamp'):
                 entry['timestamp'] = traverse_obj(next_data, (
                     ..., 'contents', is_type('timestamp'), 'model',
-                    'timestamp', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}, any))
+                    'timestamp', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}, any))
             entries.append(entry)
             return self.playlist_result(
                 entries, playlist_id, playlist_title, playlist_description)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/beacon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/beacon.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae47687cc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/beacon.py
@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
+
+
+class BeaconTvIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?beacon\.tv/content/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://beacon.tv/content/welcome-to-beacon',
+        'md5': 'b3f5932d437f288e662f10f3bfc5bd04',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'welcome-to-beacon',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20240509',
+            'description': 'md5:ea2bd32e71acf3f9fca6937412cc3563',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/I4CkkEvN/poster.jpg?width=720',
+            'title': 'Your home for Critical Role!',
+            'timestamp': 1715227200,
+            'duration': 105.494,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://beacon.tv/content/re-slayers-take-trailer',
+        'md5': 'd879b091485dbed2245094c8152afd89',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 're-slayers-take-trailer',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Re-Slayer’s Take | Official Trailer',
+            'timestamp': 1715189040,
+            'upload_date': '20240508',
+            'duration': 53.249,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/PW5ApIw3/poster.jpg?width=720',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        content_data = traverse_obj(self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id), (
+            'props', 'pageProps', '__APOLLO_STATE__',
+            lambda k, v: k.startswith('Content:') and v['slug'] == video_id, any))
+        if not content_data:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract content data')
+
+        jwplayer_data = traverse_obj(content_data, (
+            (('contentVideo', 'video', 'videoData'),
+             ('contentPodcast', 'podcast', 'audioData')), {json.loads}, {dict}, any))
+        if not jwplayer_data:
+            if content_data.get('contentType') not in ('videoPodcast', 'video', 'podcast'):
+                raise ExtractorError('Content is not a video/podcast', expected=True)
+            if traverse_obj(content_data, ('contentTier', '__ref')) != 'MemberTier:65b258d178f89be87b4dc0a4':
+                self.raise_login_required('This video/podcast is for members only')
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract content')
+
+        return {
+            **self._parse_jwplayer_data(jwplayer_data, video_id),
+            **traverse_obj(content_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {parse_iso8601}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py
index 87f011783..49d4819a3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bfmtv.py
@@ -1,18 +1,33 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import extract_attributes
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, extract_attributes
 
 
 class BFMTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https?://(?:www\.|rmc\.)?bfmtv\.com/'
     _VALID_URL_TMPL = _VALID_URL_BASE + r'(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?&#]+_%s[A-Z]-(?P<id>\d{12})\.html'
-    _VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX = r'(<div[^>]+class="video_block[^"]*"[^>]*>)'
+    _VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX = r'(<div[^>]+class="video_block[^"]*"[^>]*>.*?</div>)'
+    _VIDEO_ELEMENT_REGEX = r'(<video-js[^>]+>)'
     BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://players.brightcove.net/%s/%s_default/index.html?videoId=%s'
 
-    def _brightcove_url_result(self, video_id, video_block):
-        account_id = video_block.get('accountid') or '876450612001'
-        player_id = video_block.get('playerid') or 'I2qBTln4u'
+    def _extract_video(self, video_block):
+        video_element = self._search_regex(
+            self._VIDEO_ELEMENT_REGEX, video_block, 'video element', default=None)
+        if video_element:
+            video_element_attrs = extract_attributes(video_element)
+            video_id = video_element_attrs.get('data-video-id')
+            if not video_id:
+                return
+            account_id = video_element_attrs.get('data-account') or '876450610001'
+            player_id = video_element_attrs.get('adjustplayer') or '19dszYXgm'
+        else:
+            video_block_attrs = extract_attributes(video_block)
+            video_id = video_block_attrs.get('videoid')
+            if not video_id:
+                return
+            account_id = video_block_attrs.get('accountid') or '876630703001'
+            player_id = video_block_attrs.get('playerid') or 'KbPwEbuHx'
         return self.url_result(
             self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % (account_id, player_id, video_id),
             'BrightcoveNew', video_id)
@@ -40,23 +55,25 @@ class BFMTVIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         bfmtv_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, bfmtv_id)
-        video_block = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(
+        video = self._extract_video(self._search_regex(
             self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage, 'video block'))
-        return self._brightcove_url_result(video_block['videoid'], video_block)
+        if not video:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract video')
+        return video
 
 
-class BFMTVLiveIE(BFMTVIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class BFMTVLiveIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'bfmtv:live'
     _VALID_URL = BFMTVBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE + '(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/)?en-direct)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.bfmtv.com/en-direct/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '5615950982001',
+            'id': '6346069778112',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': r're:^le direct BFMTV WEB \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
+            'title': r're:^Le Live BFM TV \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
             'uploader_id': '876450610001',
-            'upload_date': '20220926',
-            'timestamp': 1664207191,
+            'upload_date': '20240202',
+            'timestamp': 1706887572,
             'live_status': 'is_live',
             'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/image\.jpg',
             'tags': [],
@@ -69,6 +86,15 @@ class BFMTVLiveIE(BFMTVIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        bfmtv_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, bfmtv_id)
+        video = self._extract_video(self._search_regex(
+            self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage, 'video block'))
+        if not video:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract video')
+        return video
+
 
 class BFMTVArticleIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'bfmtv:article'
@@ -102,18 +128,16 @@ class BFMTVArticleIE(BFMTVBaseIE):
         },
     }]
 
+    def _entries(self, webpage):
+        for video_block_el in re.findall(self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage):
+            video = self._extract_video(video_block_el)
+            if video:
+                yield video
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         bfmtv_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, bfmtv_id)
 
-        entries = []
-        for video_block_el in re.findall(self._VIDEO_BLOCK_REGEX, webpage):
-            video_block = extract_attributes(video_block_el)
-            video_id = video_block.get('videoid')
-            if not video_id:
-                continue
-            entries.append(self._brightcove_url_result(video_id, video_block))
-
         return self.playlist_result(
-            entries, bfmtv_id, self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False),
+            self._entries(webpage), bfmtv_id, self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False),
             self._html_search_meta(['og:description', 'description'], webpage))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
index 666b51c56..ad00245de 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bibeltv.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -50,7 +49,7 @@ def _extract_base_info(data):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'description',
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'timestamp': ('schedulingStart', {parse_iso8601}),
                 'season_number': 'seasonNumber',
                 'episode_number': 'episodeNumber',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
index 3163df8ab..6508942a4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 import itertools
 import json
 import math
+import random
 import re
+import string
 import time
 import urllib.parse
 import uuid
@@ -18,7 +20,6 @@
     InAdvancePagedList,
     OnDemandPagedList,
     bool_or_none,
-    clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@
 
 
 class BilibiliBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _HEADERS = {'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/'}
     _FORMAT_ID_RE = re.compile(r'-(\d+)\.m4s\?')
     _WBI_KEY_CACHE_TIMEOUT = 30  # exact expire timeout is unclear, use 30s for one session
     _wbi_key_cache = {}
@@ -62,7 +64,7 @@ def _check_missing_formats(self, play_info, formats):
                 'support_formats', lambda _, v: v['quality'] not in parsed_qualities))], delim=', ')
         if missing_formats:
             self.to_screen(
-                f'Format(s) {missing_formats} are missing; you have to login or '
+                f'Format(s) {missing_formats} are missing; you have to '
                 f'become a premium member to download them. {self._login_hint()}')
 
     def extract_formats(self, play_info):
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ def extract_formats(self, play_info):
 
         fragments = traverse_obj(play_info, ('durl', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']), {
             'url': ('url', {url_or_none}),
-            'duration': ('length', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'duration': ('length', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
         }))
         if fragments:
@@ -123,7 +125,7 @@ def extract_formats(self, play_info):
                     'quality': ('quality', {int_or_none}),
                     'format_id': ('quality', {str_or_none}),
                     'format_note': ('quality', {lambda x: format_names.get(x)}),
-                    'duration': ('timelength', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'duration': ('timelength', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 }),
                 **parse_resolution(format_names.get(play_info.get('quality'))),
             })
@@ -164,14 +166,18 @@ def _sign_wbi(self, params, video_id):
         params['w_rid'] = hashlib.md5(f'{query}{self._get_wbi_key(video_id)}'.encode()).hexdigest()
         return params
 
-    def _download_playinfo(self, bvid, cid, headers=None, qn=None):
-        params = {'bvid': bvid, 'cid': cid, 'fnval': 4048}
-        if qn:
-            params['qn'] = qn
+    def _download_playinfo(self, bvid, cid, headers=None, query=None):
+        params = {'bvid': bvid, 'cid': cid, 'fnval': 4048, **(query or {})}
+        if self.is_logged_in:
+            params.pop('try_look', None)
+        if qn := params.get('qn'):
+            note = f'Downloading video format {qn} for cid {cid}'
+        else:
+            note = f'Downloading video formats for cid {cid}'
+
         return self._download_json(
             'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/wbi/playurl', bvid,
-            query=self._sign_wbi(params, bvid), headers=headers,
-            note=f'Downloading video formats for cid {cid} {qn or ""}')['data']
+            query=self._sign_wbi(params, bvid), headers=headers, note=note)['data']
 
     def json2srt(self, json_data):
         srt_data = ''
@@ -190,9 +196,9 @@ def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, cid, aid=None):
         }
 
         video_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/v2', video_id,
+            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/wbi/v2', video_id,
             query={'aid': aid, 'cid': cid} if aid else {'bvid': video_id, 'cid': cid},
-            note=f'Extracting subtitle info {cid}')
+            note=f'Extracting subtitle info {cid}', headers=self._HEADERS)
         if traverse_obj(video_info, ('data', 'need_login_subtitle')):
             self.report_warning(
                 f'Subtitles are only available when logged in. {self._login_hint()}', only_once=True)
@@ -206,8 +212,8 @@ def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, cid, aid=None):
 
     def _get_chapters(self, aid, cid):
         chapters = aid and cid and self._download_json(
-            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/v2', aid, query={'aid': aid, 'cid': cid},
-            note='Extracting chapters', fatal=False)
+            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/wbi/v2', aid, query={'aid': aid, 'cid': cid},
+            note='Extracting chapters', fatal=False, headers=self._HEADERS)
         return traverse_obj(chapters, ('data', 'view_points', ..., {
             'title': 'content',
             'start_time': 'from',
@@ -285,7 +291,7 @@ def _get_interactive_entries(self, video_id, cid, metainfo, headers=None):
             ('data', 'interaction', 'graph_version', {int_or_none}))
         cid_edges = self._get_divisions(video_id, graph_version, {1: {'cid': cid}}, 1)
         for cid, edges in cid_edges.items():
-            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers)
+            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, query={'try_look': 1})
             yield {
                 **metainfo,
                 'id': f'{video_id}_{cid}',
@@ -638,40 +644,29 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         headers['Referer'] = url
 
         initial_state = self._search_json(r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', video_id)
+
+        if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -403:
+            self.raise_login_required()
+        if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -404:
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'This video may be deleted or geo-restricted. '
+                'You might want to try a VPN or a proxy server (with --proxy)', expected=True)
+
         is_festival = 'videoData' not in initial_state
         if is_festival:
             video_data = initial_state['videoInfo']
         else:
-            play_info_obj = self._search_json(
-                r'window\.__playinfo__\s*=', webpage, 'play info', video_id, fatal=False)
-            if not play_info_obj:
-                if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -403:
-                    self.raise_login_required()
-                if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode')) == -404:
-                    raise ExtractorError(
-                        'This video may be deleted or geo-restricted. '
-                        'You might want to try a VPN or a proxy server (with --proxy)', expected=True)
-            play_info = traverse_obj(play_info_obj, ('data', {dict}))
-            if not play_info:
-                if traverse_obj(play_info_obj, 'code') == 87007:
-                    toast = get_element_by_class('tips-toast', webpage) or ''
-                    msg = clean_html(
-                        f'{get_element_by_class("belongs-to", toast) or ""}，'
-                        + (get_element_by_class('level', toast) or ''))
-                    raise ExtractorError(
-                        f'This is a supporter-only video: {msg}. {self._login_hint()}', expected=True)
-                raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract play info')
             video_data = initial_state['videoData']
 
         video_id, title = video_data['bvid'], video_data.get('title')
 
         # Bilibili anthologies are similar to playlists but all videos share the same video ID as the anthology itself.
-        page_list_json = not is_festival and traverse_obj(
+        page_list_json = (not is_festival and traverse_obj(
             self._download_json(
                 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/player/pagelist', video_id,
                 fatal=False, query={'bvid': video_id, 'jsonp': 'jsonp'},
                 note='Extracting videos in anthology', headers=headers),
-            'data', expected_type=list) or []
+            'data', expected_type=list)) or []
         is_anthology = len(page_list_json) > 1
 
         part_id = int_or_none(parse_qs(url).get('p', [None])[-1])
@@ -690,8 +685,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         festival_info = {}
         if is_festival:
-            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers)
-
             festival_info = traverse_obj(initial_state, {
                 'uploader': ('videoInfo', 'upName'),
                 'uploader_id': ('videoInfo', 'upMid', {str_or_none}),
@@ -726,62 +719,79 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 self._get_interactive_entries(video_id, cid, metainfo, headers=headers), **metainfo,
                 duration=traverse_obj(initial_state, ('videoData', 'duration', {int_or_none})),
                 __post_extractor=self.extract_comments(aid))
-        else:
-            formats = self.extract_formats(play_info)
 
-            if not traverse_obj(play_info, ('dash')):
-                # we only have legacy formats and need additional work
-                has_qn = lambda x: x in traverse_obj(formats, (..., 'quality'))
-                for qn in traverse_obj(play_info, ('accept_quality', lambda _, v: not has_qn(v), {int})):
-                    formats.extend(traverse_obj(
-                        self.extract_formats(self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, qn=qn)),
-                        lambda _, v: not has_qn(v['quality'])))
-                self._check_missing_formats(play_info, formats)
-                flv_formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: v['fragments'])
-                if flv_formats and len(flv_formats) < len(formats):
-                    # Flv and mp4 are incompatible due to `multi_video` workaround, so drop one
-                    if not self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv'):
-                        dropped_fmts = ', '.join(
-                            f'{f.get("format_note")} ({f.get("format_id")})' for f in flv_formats)
-                        formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: not v.get('fragments'))
-                        if dropped_fmts:
-                            self.to_screen(
-                                f'Dropping incompatible flv format(s) {dropped_fmts} since mp4 is available. '
-                                'To extract flv, pass --extractor-args "bilibili:prefer_multi_flv"')
-                    else:
-                        formats = traverse_obj(
-                            # XXX: Filtering by extractor-arg is for testing purposes
-                            formats, lambda _, v: v['quality'] == int(self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv')[0]),
-                        ) or [max(flv_formats, key=lambda x: x['quality'])]
+        play_info = None
+        if self.is_logged_in:
+            play_info = traverse_obj(
+                self._search_json(r'window\.__playinfo__\s*=', webpage, 'play info', video_id, default=None),
+                ('data', {dict}))
+        if not play_info:
+            play_info = self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, query={'try_look': 1})
+        formats = self.extract_formats(play_info)
 
-            if traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'fragments')):
-                # We have flv formats, which are individual short videos with their own timestamps and metainfo
-                # Binary concatenation corrupts their timestamps, so we need a `multi_video` workaround
-                return {
-                    **metainfo,
-                    '_type': 'multi_video',
-                    'entries': [{
-                        'id': f'{metainfo["id"]}_{idx}',
-                        'title': metainfo['title'],
-                        'http_headers': metainfo['http_headers'],
-                        'formats': [{
-                            **fragment,
-                            'format_id': formats[0].get('format_id'),
-                        }],
-                        'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid) if idx == 0 else None,
-                        '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid) if idx == 0 else None,
-                    } for idx, fragment in enumerate(formats[0]['fragments'])],
-                    'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
-                }
-            else:
-                return {
-                    **metainfo,
-                    'formats': formats,
-                    'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
-                    'chapters': self._get_chapters(aid, cid),
-                    'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid),
-                    '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid),
-                }
+        if video_data.get('is_upower_exclusive'):
+            high_level = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('elecFullInfo', 'show_info', 'high_level', {dict})) or {}
+            msg = f'{join_nonempty("title", "sub_title", from_dict=high_level, delim="，")}. {self._login_hint()}'
+            if not formats:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'This is a supporter-only video: {msg}', expected=True)
+            if '试看' in traverse_obj(play_info, ('accept_description', ..., {str})):
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'This is a supporter-only video, only the preview will be extracted: {msg}',
+                    video_id=video_id)
+
+        if not traverse_obj(play_info, 'dash'):
+            # we only have legacy formats and need additional work
+            has_qn = lambda x: x in traverse_obj(formats, (..., 'quality'))
+            for qn in traverse_obj(play_info, ('accept_quality', lambda _, v: not has_qn(v), {int})):
+                formats.extend(traverse_obj(
+                    self.extract_formats(self._download_playinfo(video_id, cid, headers=headers, query={'qn': qn})),
+                    lambda _, v: not has_qn(v['quality'])))
+            self._check_missing_formats(play_info, formats)
+            flv_formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: v['fragments'])
+            if flv_formats and len(flv_formats) < len(formats):
+                # Flv and mp4 are incompatible due to `multi_video` workaround, so drop one
+                if not self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv'):
+                    dropped_fmts = ', '.join(
+                        f'{f.get("format_note")} ({f.get("format_id")})' for f in flv_formats)
+                    formats = traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: not v.get('fragments'))
+                    if dropped_fmts:
+                        self.to_screen(
+                            f'Dropping incompatible flv format(s) {dropped_fmts} since mp4 is available. '
+                            'To extract flv, pass --extractor-args "bilibili:prefer_multi_flv"')
+                else:
+                    formats = traverse_obj(
+                        # XXX: Filtering by extractor-arg is for testing purposes
+                        formats, lambda _, v: v['quality'] == int(self._configuration_arg('prefer_multi_flv')[0]),
+                    ) or [max(flv_formats, key=lambda x: x['quality'])]
+
+        if traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'fragments')):
+            # We have flv formats, which are individual short videos with their own timestamps and metainfo
+            # Binary concatenation corrupts their timestamps, so we need a `multi_video` workaround
+            return {
+                **metainfo,
+                '_type': 'multi_video',
+                'entries': [{
+                    'id': f'{metainfo["id"]}_{idx}',
+                    'title': metainfo['title'],
+                    'http_headers': metainfo['http_headers'],
+                    'formats': [{
+                        **fragment,
+                        'format_id': formats[0].get('format_id'),
+                    }],
+                    'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid) if idx == 0 else None,
+                    '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid) if idx == 0 else None,
+                } for idx, fragment in enumerate(formats[0]['fragments'])],
+                'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
+            }
+
+        return {
+            **metainfo,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'duration': float_or_none(play_info.get('timelength'), scale=1000),
+            'chapters': self._get_chapters(aid, cid),
+            'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(video_id, cid),
+            '__post_extractor': self.extract_comments(aid),
+        }
 
 
 class BiliBiliBangumiIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
@@ -859,10 +869,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             self.raise_login_required('This video is for premium members only')
 
         headers['Referer'] = url
-        play_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/player/web/v2/playurl', episode_id,
-            'Extracting episode', query={'fnval': '4048', 'ep_id': episode_id},
-            headers=headers)
+
+        play_info = (
+            self._search_json(
+                r'playurlSSRData\s*=', webpage, 'embedded page info', episode_id,
+                end_pattern='\n', default=None)
+            or self._download_json(
+                'https://api.bilibili.com/pgc/player/web/v2/playurl', episode_id,
+                'Extracting episode', query={'fnval': 12240, 'ep_id': episode_id},
+                headers=headers))
+
         premium_only = play_info.get('code') == -10403
         play_info = traverse_obj(play_info, ('result', 'video_info', {dict})) or {}
 
@@ -1021,8 +1037,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class BilibiliCheeseBaseIE(BilibiliBaseIE):
-    _HEADERS = {'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/'}
-
     def _extract_episode(self, season_info, ep_id):
         episode_info = traverse_obj(season_info, (
             'episodes', lambda _, v: v['id'] == int(ep_id)), get_all=False)
@@ -1165,28 +1179,26 @@ def _extract_playlist(self, fetch_page, get_metadata, get_entries):
 
 
 class BilibiliSpaceVideoIE(BilibiliSpaceBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<id>\d+)(?P<video>/video)?/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<id>\d+)(?P<video>(?:/upload)?/video)?/?(?:[?#]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/3985676/video',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '3985676',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 178,
-        'skip': 'login required',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/313580179/video',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '313580179',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 92,
-        'skip': 'login required',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         playlist_id, is_video_url = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'video')
         if not is_video_url:
             self.to_screen('A channel URL was given. Only the channel\'s videos will be downloaded. '
-                           'To download audios, add a "/audio" to the URL')
+                           'To download audios, add a "/upload/audio" to the URL')
 
         def fetch_page(page_idx):
             query = {
@@ -1199,6 +1211,12 @@ def fetch_page(page_idx):
                 'ps': 30,
                 'tid': 0,
                 'web_location': 1550101,
+                'dm_img_list': '[]',
+                'dm_img_str': base64.b64encode(
+                    ''.join(random.choices(string.printable, k=random.randint(16, 64))).encode())[:-2].decode(),
+                'dm_cover_img_str': base64.b64encode(
+                    ''.join(random.choices(string.printable, k=random.randint(32, 128))).encode())[:-2].decode(),
+                'dm_img_inter': '{"ds":[],"wh":[6093,6631,31],"of":[430,760,380]}',
             }
 
             try:
@@ -1209,14 +1227,14 @@ def fetch_page(page_idx):
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 412:
                     raise ExtractorError(
-                        'Request is blocked by server (412), please add cookies, wait and try later.', expected=True)
+                        'Request is blocked by server (412), please wait and try later.', expected=True)
                 raise
             status_code = response['code']
             if status_code == -401:
                 raise ExtractorError(
-                    'Request is blocked by server (401), please add cookies, wait and try later.', expected=True)
-            elif status_code == -352 and not self.is_logged_in:
-                self.raise_login_required('Request is rejected, you need to login to access playlist')
+                    'Request is blocked by server (401), please wait and try later.', expected=True)
+            elif status_code == -352:
+                raise ExtractorError('Request is rejected by server (352)', expected=True)
             elif status_code != 0:
                 raise ExtractorError(f'Request failed ({status_code}): {response.get("message") or "Unknown error"}')
             return response['data']
@@ -1238,9 +1256,9 @@ def get_entries(page_data):
 
 
 class BilibiliSpaceAudioIE(BilibiliSpaceBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<id>\d+)/audio'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<id>\d+)/(?:upload/)?audio'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/313580179/audio',
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/313580179/upload/audio',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '313580179',
         },
@@ -1263,7 +1281,8 @@ def get_metadata(page_data):
             }
 
         def get_entries(page_data):
-            for entry in page_data.get('data', []):
+            # data is None when the playlist is empty
+            for entry in page_data.get('data') or []:
                 yield self.url_result(f'https://www.bilibili.com/audio/au{entry["id"]}', BilibiliAudioIE, entry['id'])
 
         metadata, paged_list = self._extract_playlist(fetch_page, get_metadata, get_entries)
@@ -1287,30 +1306,43 @@ def _extract_playlist(self, fetch_page, get_metadata, get_entries):
 
 
 class BilibiliCollectionListIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<mid>\d+)/channel/collectiondetail/?\?sid=(?P<sid>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<mid>\d+)/channel/collectiondetail/?\?sid=(?P<sid>\d+)',
+        r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<mid>\d+)/lists/(?P<sid>\d+)',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/2142762/channel/collectiondetail?sid=57445',
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/2142762/lists/3662502?type=season',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '2142762_57445',
-            'title': '【完结】《底特律 变人》全结局流程解说',
-            'description': '',
+            'id': '2142762_3662502',
+            'title': '合集·《黑神话悟空》流程解说',
+            'description': '黑神话悟空 相关节目',
             'uploader': '老戴在此',
             'uploader_id': '2142762',
             'timestamp': int,
             'upload_date': str,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://archive.biliimg.com/bfs/archive/e0e543ae35ad3df863ea7dea526bc32e70f4c091.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://archive.biliimg.com/bfs/archive/22302e17dc849dd4533606d71bc89df162c3a9bf.jpg',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 31,
+        'playlist_mincount': 62,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/2142762/lists/3662502',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/2142762/channel/collectiondetail?sid=57445',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        return False if BilibiliSeriesListIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mid, sid = self._match_valid_url(url).group('mid', 'sid')
         playlist_id = f'{mid}_{sid}'
 
         def fetch_page(page_idx):
             return self._download_json(
-                'https://api.bilibili.com/x/polymer/space/seasons_archives_list',
-                playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page_idx}',
+                'https://api.bilibili.com/x/polymer/web-space/seasons_archives_list',
+                playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page_idx}', headers={'Referer': url},
                 query={'mid': mid, 'season_id': sid, 'page_num': page_idx + 1, 'page_size': 30})['data']
 
         def get_metadata(page_data):
@@ -1337,9 +1369,12 @@ def get_entries(page_data):
 
 
 class BilibiliSeriesListIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<mid>\d+)/channel/seriesdetail/?\?\bsid=(?P<sid>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<mid>\d+)/channel/seriesdetail/?\?\bsid=(?P<sid>\d+)',
+        r'https?://space\.bilibili\.com/(?P<mid>\d+)/lists/(?P<sid>\d+)/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?type=series(?:[&#]|$)',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/1958703906/channel/seriesdetail?sid=547718&ctype=0',
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/1958703906/lists/547718?type=series',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1958703906_547718',
             'title': '直播回放',
@@ -1352,6 +1387,9 @@ class BilibiliSeriesListIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):
             'modified_date': str,
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 513,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://space.bilibili.com/1958703906/channel/seriesdetail?sid=547718&ctype=0',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -1370,7 +1408,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         def fetch_page(page_idx):
             return self._download_json(
                 'https://api.bilibili.com/x/series/archives',
-                playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page_idx}',
+                playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page_idx}', headers={'Referer': url},
                 query={'mid': mid, 'series_id': sid, 'pn': page_idx + 1, 'ps': 30})['data']
 
         def get_metadata(page_data):
@@ -1558,16 +1596,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, list_id)
         initial_state = self._search_json(r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', list_id)
-        if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'code', {int_or_none})) != 200:
-            error_code = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode', {int_or_none}))
-            error_message = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'message', {str_or_none}))
+        error = traverse_obj(initial_state, (('error', 'listError'), all, lambda _, v: v['code'], any))
+        if error and error['code'] != 200:
+            error_code = error.get('trueCode')
             if error_code == -400 and list_id == 'watchlater':
                 self.raise_login_required('You need to login to access your watchlater playlist')
             elif error_code == -403:
                 self.raise_login_required('This is a private playlist. You need to login as its owner')
             elif error_code == 11010:
                 raise ExtractorError('Playlist is no longer available', expected=True)
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Could not access playlist: {error_code} {error_message}')
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Could not access playlist: {error_code} {error.get("message")}')
 
         query = {
             'ps': 20,
@@ -1586,7 +1624,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'uploader': ('upper', 'name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('upper', 'mid', {str_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('ctime', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'timestamp': ('ctime', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'thumbnail': ('cover', {url_or_none}),
             })),
         }
@@ -1849,10 +1887,51 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             ie=BiliBiliIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id)
 
 
+class BiliBiliDynamicIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:t\.bilibili\.com|(?:www\.)?bilibili\.com/opus)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://t.bilibili.com/998134289197432852',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'BV1TAmBYVEJr',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader_id': '1192648858',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['bilibili 113457567568273_part1'],
+            'thumbnail': 'http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/archive/50091efd965d9f13ff6814f7ad374f90ab21e77d.jpg',
+            'duration': 929.238,
+            'upload_date': '20241110',
+            'uploader': '何同学工作室',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'title': '美国小朋友就玩这个？！何同学工作室11月开箱',
+            'description': '本期产品信息：\n机器狗\n气味模拟器\nCloudboom Strike LS\n无弦吉他\n蓝牙磁带音箱\n神奇画板',
+            'timestamp': 1731232800,
+            'tags': list,
+            'chapters': list,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        post_id = self._match_id(url)
+        # Without the newer chrome UA, the API will return an error (-352)
+        post_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.bilibili.com/x/polymer/web-dynamic/v1/detail', post_id,
+            query={'id': post_id}, headers={
+                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/131.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
+            })
+        video_url = traverse_obj(post_data, (
+            'data', 'item', (None, 'orig'), 'modules', 'module_dynamic',
+            (('major', ('archive', 'pgc')), ('additional', ('reserve', 'common'))),
+            'jump_url', {url_or_none}, any, {self._proto_relative_url}))
+        if not video_url or (self.suitable(video_url) and post_id == self._match_id(video_url)):
+            raise ExtractorError('No valid video URL found', expected=True)
+        return self.url_result(video_url)
+
+
 class BiliIntlBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_URL = 'https://api.bilibili.tv/intl/gateway'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'biliintl'
-    _HEADERS = {'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.com/'}
+    _HEADERS = {'Referer': 'https://www.bilibili.tv/'}
 
     def _call_api(self, endpoint, *args, **kwargs):
         json = self._download_json(self._API_URL + endpoint, *args, **kwargs)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8cb5c0d25
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py
@@ -0,0 +1,393 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    format_field,
+    int_or_none,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    orderedSet,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    truncate_string,
+    update_url_query,
+    url_basename,
+    url_or_none,
+    variadic,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class BlueskyIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:bsky\.app|main\.bsky\.dev)/profile/(?P<handle>[\w.:%-]+)/post/(?P<id>\w+)',
+        r'at://(?P<handle>[\w.:%-]+)/app\.bsky\.feed\.post/(?P<id>\w+)',
+    ]
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/blu3blue.bsky.social/post/3l4omssdl632g',
+        'md5': '375539c1930ab05d15585ed772ab54fd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l4omssdl632g',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Blu3Blu3Lilith',
+            'uploader_id': 'blu3blue.bsky.social',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/blu3blue.bsky.social',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:pzdr5ylumf7vmvwasrpr5bf2',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:pzdr5ylumf7vmvwasrpr5bf2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'OMG WE HAVE VIDEOS NOW',
+            'description': 'OMG WE HAVE VIDEOS NOW',
+            'upload_date': '20240921',
+            'timestamp': 1726940605,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/bsky.app/post/3l3vgf77uco2g',
+        'md5': 'b9e344fdbce9f2852c668a97efefb105',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l3vgf77uco2g',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Bluesky',
+            'uploader_id': 'bsky.app',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/bsky.app',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to version 1.91 or refresh on ...',
+            'alt_title': 'Bluesky video feature announcement',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Bluesky now has video! .{239}',
+            'upload_date': '20240911',
+            'timestamp': 1726074716,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+            'subtitles': {
+                'en': 'mincount:1',
+            },
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://main.bsky.dev/profile/souris.moe/post/3l4qhp7bcs52c',
+        'md5': '5f2df8c200b5633eb7fb2c984d29772f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l4qhp7bcs52c',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'souris',
+            'uploader_id': 'souris.moe',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/souris.moe',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:tj7g244gl5v6ai6cm4f4wlqp',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:tj7g244gl5v6ai6cm4f4wlqp',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky video #3l4qhp7bcs52c',
+            'upload_date': '20240922',
+            'timestamp': 1727003838,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/de1.pds.tentacle.expert/post/3l3w4tnezek2e',
+        'md5': 'cc0110ed1f6b0247caac8234cc1e861d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l3w4tnezek2e',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'clean',
+            'uploader_id': 'de1.pds.tentacle.expert',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/de1.pds.tentacle.expert',
+            'channel_id': 'did:web:de1.tentacle.expert',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:web:de1.tentacle.expert',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky video #3l3w4tnezek2e',
+            'upload_date': '20240911',
+            'timestamp': 1726098823,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/yunayuispink.bsky.social/post/3l7gqcfes742o',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'XxK3t_5V3ao',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'yunayu',
+            'uploader_id': '@yunayuispink',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@yunayuispink',
+            'channel': 'yunayu',
+            'channel_id': 'UCPLvXnHa7lTyNoR_dGsU14w',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCPLvXnHa7lTyNoR_dGsU14w',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/XxK3t_5V3ao/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'description': r're:Have a good goodx10000day',
+            'title': '5min vs 5hours drawing',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'upload_date': '20241026',
+            'timestamp': 1729967784,
+            'duration': 321,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'tags': [],
+            'chapters': list,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/endshark.bsky.social/post/3jzxjkcemae2m',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '222792849',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'uploader': 'LASERBAT',
+            'uploader_id': 'laserbatx',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://laserbatx.bandcamp.com',
+            'artists': ['LASERBAT'],
+            'album_artists': ['LASERBAT'],
+            'album': 'Hari Nezumi [EP]',
+            'track': 'Forward to the End',
+            'title': 'LASERBAT - Forward to the End',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://f4.bcbits.com/img/a2507705510_5.jpg',
+            'duration': 228.571,
+            'track_id': '222792849',
+            'release_date': '20230423',
+            'upload_date': '20230423',
+            'timestamp': 1682276040.0,
+            'release_timestamp': 1682276040.0,
+            'track_number': 1,
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['Bandcamp'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/dannybhoix.bsky.social/post/3l6oe5mtr2c2j',
+        'md5': 'b9e344fdbce9f2852c668a97efefb105',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l3vgf77uco2g',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'Bluesky',
+            'uploader_id': 'bsky.app',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/bsky.app',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to version 1.91 or refresh on ...',
+            'alt_title': 'Bluesky video feature announcement',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Bluesky now has video! .{239}',
+            'upload_date': '20240911',
+            'timestamp': 1726074716,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+            'subtitles': {
+                'en': 'mincount:1',
+            },
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/cinny.bun.how/post/3l7rdfxhyds2f',
+        'md5': '8775118b235cf9fa6b5ad30f95cda75c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l7rdfxhyds2f',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'cinnamon 🐇 🏳️‍⚧️',
+            'uploader_id': 'cinny.bun.how',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/cinny.bun.how',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:7x6rtuenkuvxq3zsvffp2ide',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:7x6rtuenkuvxq3zsvffp2ide',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'crazy that i look like this tbh',
+            'description': 'crazy that i look like this tbh',
+            'upload_date': '20241030',
+            'timestamp': 1730332128,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': ['sexual'],
+            'age_limit': 18,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'at://did:plc:ia76kvnndjutgedggx2ibrem/app.bsky.feed.post/3l6zrz6zyl2dr',
+        'md5': '71b0eb6d85d03145e6af6642c7fc6d78',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l6zrz6zyl2dr',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'mary🐇',
+            'uploader_id': 'mary.my.id',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/mary.my.id',
+            'channel_id': 'did:plc:ia76kvnndjutgedggx2ibrem',
+            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:ia76kvnndjutgedggx2ibrem',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+            'title': 'Bluesky video #3l6zrz6zyl2dr',
+            'upload_date': '20241021',
+            'timestamp': 1729523172,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/purpleicetea.bsky.social/post/3l7gv55dc2o2w',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3l7gv55dc2o2w',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3l7gv55dc2o2w',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20241026',
+                'description': 'One of my favorite videos',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/purpleicetea.bsky.social',
+                'uploader': 'Purple.Ice.Tea',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+                'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:bjh5ffwya5f53dfy47dezuwx',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'did:plc:bjh5ffwya5f53dfy47dezuwx',
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'timestamp': 1729973202,
+                'tags': [],
+                'uploader_id': 'purpleicetea.bsky.social',
+                'title': 'One of my favorite videos',
+            },
+        }, {
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3l77u64l7le2e',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': "hearing people on twitter say that bluesky isn't funny yet  so post t...",
+                'like_count': int,
+                'uploader_id': 'thafnine.net',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/thafnine.net',
+                'upload_date': '20241024',
+                'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:6ttyq36rhiyed7wu3ws7dmqj',
+                'description': r're:(?s)hearing people on twitter say that bluesky .{93}',
+                'tags': [],
+                'alt_title': 'md5:9b1ee1937fb3d1a81e932f9ec14d560e',
+                'uploader': 'T9',
+                'channel_id': 'did:plc:6ttyq36rhiyed7wu3ws7dmqj',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
+                'timestamp': 1729731642,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'repost_count': int,
+            },
+        }],
+    }]
+    _BLOB_URL_TMPL = '{}/xrpc/com.atproto.sync.getBlob'
+
+    def _get_service_endpoint(self, did, video_id):
+        if did.startswith('did:web:'):
+            url = f'https://{did[8:]}/.well-known/did.json'
+        else:
+            url = f'https://plc.directory/{did}'
+        services = self._download_json(
+            url, video_id, 'Fetching service endpoint', 'Falling back to bsky.social', fatal=False)
+        return traverse_obj(
+            services, ('service', lambda _, x: x['type'] == 'AtprotoPersonalDataServer',
+                       'serviceEndpoint', {url_or_none}, any)) or 'https://bsky.social'
+
+    def _extract_post(self, handle, post_id):
+        return self._download_json(
+            'https://public.api.bsky.app/xrpc/app.bsky.feed.getPostThread',
+            post_id, query={
+                'uri': f'at://{handle}/app.bsky.feed.post/{post_id}',
+                'depth': 0,
+                'parentHeight': 0,
+            })['thread']['post']
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        handle, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('handle', 'id')
+        post = self._extract_post(handle, video_id)
+
+        entries = []
+        # app.bsky.embed.video.view/app.bsky.embed.external.view
+        entries.extend(self._extract_videos(post, video_id))
+        # app.bsky.embed.recordWithMedia.view
+        entries.extend(self._extract_videos(
+            post, video_id, embed_path=('embed', 'media'), record_subpath=('embed', 'media')))
+        # app.bsky.embed.record.view
+        if nested_post := traverse_obj(post, ('embed', 'record', ('record', None), {dict}, any)):
+            entries.extend(self._extract_videos(
+                nested_post, video_id, embed_path=('embeds', 0), record_path='value'))
+
+        if not entries:
+            raise ExtractorError('No video could be found in this post', expected=True)
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return entries[0]
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_profile_url(path):
+        return format_field(path, None, 'https://bsky.app/profile/%s', default=None)
+
+    def _extract_videos(self, root, video_id, embed_path='embed', record_path='record', record_subpath='embed'):
+        embed_path = variadic(embed_path, (str, bytes, dict, set))
+        record_path = variadic(record_path, (str, bytes, dict, set))
+        record_subpath = variadic(record_subpath, (str, bytes, dict, set))
+
+        entries = []
+        if external_uri := traverse_obj(root, (
+                ((*record_path, *record_subpath), embed_path), 'external', 'uri', {url_or_none}, any)):
+            entries.append(self.url_result(external_uri))
+        if playlist := traverse_obj(root, (*embed_path, 'playlist', {url_or_none})):
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                playlist, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+        else:
+            return entries
+
+        video_cid = traverse_obj(
+            root, (*embed_path, 'cid', {str}),
+            (*record_path, *record_subpath, 'video', 'ref', '$link', {str}))
+        did = traverse_obj(root, ('author', 'did', {str}))
+
+        if did and video_cid:
+            endpoint = self._get_service_endpoint(did, video_id)
+
+            formats.append({
+                'format_id': 'blob',
+                'quality': 1,
+                'url': update_url_query(
+                    self._BLOB_URL_TMPL.format(endpoint), {'did': did, 'cid': video_cid}),
+                **traverse_obj(root, (*embed_path, 'aspectRatio', {
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                })),
+                **traverse_obj(root, (*record_path, *record_subpath, 'video', {
+                    'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                    'ext': ('mimeType', {mimetype2ext}),
+                })),
+            })
+
+            for sub_data in traverse_obj(root, (
+                    *record_path, *record_subpath, 'captions', lambda _, v: v['file']['ref']['$link'])):
+                subtitles.setdefault(sub_data.get('lang') or 'und', []).append({
+                    'url': update_url_query(
+                        self._BLOB_URL_TMPL.format(endpoint), {'did': did, 'cid': sub_data['file']['ref']['$link']}),
+                    'ext': traverse_obj(sub_data, ('file', 'mimeType', {mimetype2ext})),
+                })
+
+        entries.append({
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(root, {
+                'id': ('uri', {url_basename}),
+                'thumbnail': (*embed_path, 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+                'alt_title': (*embed_path, 'alt', {str}, filter),
+                'uploader': ('author', 'displayName', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('author', 'handle', {str}),
+                'uploader_url': ('author', 'handle', {self._build_profile_url}),
+                'channel_id': ('author', 'did', {str}),
+                'channel_url': ('author', 'did', {self._build_profile_url}),
+                'like_count': ('likeCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'repost_count': ('repostCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('replyCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('indexedAt', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'tags': ('labels', ..., 'val', {str}, all, {orderedSet}),
+                'age_limit': (
+                    'labels', ..., 'val', {lambda x: 18 if x in ('sexual', 'porn', 'graphic-media') else None}, any),
+                'description': (*record_path, 'text', {str}, filter),
+                'title': (*record_path, 'text', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=72)}),
+            }),
+        })
+        return entries
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bokecc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bokecc.py
index 5fe937a6a..42047aced 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bokecc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bokecc.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def _extract_bokecc_formats(self, webpage, video_id, format_id=None):
 
 
 class BokeCCIE(BokeCCBaseIE):
-    _IE_DESC = 'CC视频'
+    IE_DESC = 'CC视频'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://union\.bokecc\.com/playvideo\.bo\?(?P<query>.*)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
index 7fe089944..d7bf58b36 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
@@ -1,35 +1,20 @@
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
-    get_elements_by_class,
     join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
     mimetype2ext,
     unified_strdate,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
-    variadic,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
-
-
-def html_get_element(tag=None, cls=None):
-    assert tag or cls, 'One of tag or class is required'
-
-    if cls:
-        func = functools.partial(get_elements_by_class, cls, tag=tag)
-    else:
-        func = functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, tag)
-
-    def html_get_element_wrapper(html):
-        return variadic(func(html))[0]
-
-    return html_get_element_wrapper
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
 
 
 class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -41,12 +26,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '297',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'creator': 'Kooperative Berlin',
-            'description': 'md5:f4f75885ba009d3e2b156247a8941ce6',
-            'release_date': '20160115',
+            'creators': ['Kooperative Berlin'],
+            'description': r're:Joachim Gauck, .*\n\nKamera: .*',
+            'release_date': '20150716',
             'series': 'Interview auf dem Geschichtsforum 1989 | 2009',
-            'tags': ['Friedliche Revolution', 'Erinnerungskultur', 'Vergangenheitspolitik', 'DDR 1949 - 1990', 'Freiheitsrecht', 'BStU', 'Deutschland'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/7/297_teaser_16x9_1240.jpg?8839D',
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/7/297_teaser_16x9_1240\.jpg.*',
             'title': 'Joachim Gauck zu 1989 und die Erinnerung an die DDR',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -55,11 +40,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '522184',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'creator': 'Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)',
+            'creators': ['Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)'],
             'description': 'md5:f83c795ff8f825a69456a9e51fc15903',
             'release_date': '20230621',
-            'tags': ['Desinformation', 'Ukraine', 'Russland', 'Geflüchtete'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/4/522184_teaser_16x9_1240.png?EABFB',
+            'series': 'Narrative über den Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine (NUK)',
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/4/522184_teaser_16x9_1240\.png.*',
             'title': 'md5:9b01ccdbf58dbf9e5c9f6e771a803b1c',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -68,11 +54,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '518789',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'creator': 'Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)',
+            'creators': ['Institute for Strategic Dialogue Germany gGmbH (ISD)'],
             'description': 'md5:85228aed433e84ff0ff9bc582abd4ea8',
             'release_date': '20230302',
-            'tags': ['Desinformation', 'Ukraine', 'Russland', 'Geflüchtete'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/9/518789_teaser_16x9_1240.jpeg?56D0D',
+            'series': 'Narrative über den Krieg Russlands gegen die Ukraine (NUK)',
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/9/518789_teaser_16x9_1240\.jpeg.*',
             'title': 'md5:3e956f264bb501f6383f10495a401da4',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -84,12 +71,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '315813',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'creator': 'Axel Schröder',
+            'creators': ['Axel Schröder'],
             'description': 'md5:eda9d1af34e5912efef5baf54fba4427',
             'release_date': '20200921',
             'series': 'Auf Endlagersuche. Der deutsche Weg zu einem sicheren Atommülllager',
             'tags': ['Atomenergie', 'Endlager', 'hoch-radioaktiver Abfall', 'Endlagersuche', 'Atommüll', 'Atomendlager', 'Gorleben', 'Deutschland'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/3/315813_teaser_16x9_1240.png?92A94',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/3/315813_teaser_16x9_1240\.png.*',
             'title': 'Folge 1: Eine Einführung',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -98,12 +85,12 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '517806',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'creator': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
+            'creators': ['Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung'],
             'description': 'md5:594689600e919912aade0b2871cc3fed',
             'release_date': '20230127',
             'series': 'Vorträge des Fachtags "Modernisierer. Grenzgänger. Anstifter. Sechs Jahrzehnte \'Neue Rechte\'"',
             'tags': ['Rechtsextremismus', 'Konservatismus', 'Konservativismus', 'neue Rechte', 'Rechtspopulismus', 'Schnellroda', 'Deutschland'],
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.bpb.de/cache/images/6/517806_teaser_16x9_1240.png?7A7A0',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://www\.bpb\.de/cache/images/6/517806_teaser_16x9_1240\.png.*',
             'title': 'Die Weltanschauung der "Neuen Rechten"',
             'uploader': 'Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung',
         },
@@ -147,7 +134,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
-        title_result = traverse_obj(webpage, ({html_get_element(cls='opening-header__title')}, {self._TITLE_RE.match}))
+        title_result = traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(cls='opening-header__title')}, {self._TITLE_RE.match}))
         json_lds = list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, video_id, fatal=False))
 
         return {
@@ -156,15 +143,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             # This metadata could be interpreted otherwise, but it fits "series" the most
             'series': traverse_obj(title_result, ('series', {str.strip})) or None,
             'description': join_nonempty(*traverse_obj(webpage, [(
-                {html_get_element(cls='opening-intro')},
-                [{html_get_element(tag='bpb-accordion-item')}, {html_get_element(cls='text-content')}],
+                {find_element(cls='opening-intro')},
+                [{find_element(tag='bpb-accordion-item')}, {find_element(cls='text-content')}],
             ), {clean_html}]), delim='\n\n') or None,
-            'creator': self._html_search_meta('author', webpage),
+            'creators': traverse_obj(self._html_search_meta('author', webpage), all),
             'uploader': self._html_search_meta('publisher', webpage),
             'release_date': unified_strdate(self._html_search_meta('date', webpage)),
             'tags': traverse_obj(json_lds, (..., 'keywords', {lambda x: x.split(',')}, ...)),
             **traverse_obj(self._parse_vue_attributes('bpb-player', webpage, video_id), {
                 'formats': (':sources', ..., {self._process_source}),
-                'thumbnail': ('poster', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('poster', {urljoin(url)}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
index ec72f0d88..0b2c44798 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bravotv.py
@@ -145,10 +145,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         tp_metadata = self._download_json(
             update_url_query(tp_url, {'format': 'preview'}), video_id, fatal=False)
 
-        seconds_or_none = lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)
         chapters = traverse_obj(tp_metadata, ('chapters', ..., {
-            'start_time': ('startTime', {seconds_or_none}),
-            'end_time': ('endTime', {seconds_or_none}),
+            'start_time': ('startTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'end_time': ('endTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
         }))
         # prune pointless single chapters that span the entire duration from short videos
         if len(chapters) == 1 and not traverse_obj(chapters, (0, 'end_time')):
@@ -168,8 +167,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             **merge_dicts(traverse_obj(tp_metadata, {
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': 'description',
-                'duration': ('duration', {seconds_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('pubDate', {seconds_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('pubDate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'season_number': (('pl1$seasonNumber', 'nbcu$seasonNumber'), {int_or_none}),
                 'episode_number': (('pl1$episodeNumber', 'nbcu$episodeNumber'), {int_or_none}),
                 'series': (('pl1$show', 'nbcu$show'), (None, ...), {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py
index 2526f25da..3ada1fd5d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/brightcove.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
     update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class BrightcoveLegacyIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -935,8 +936,8 @@ def extract_policy_key():
 
         if content_type == 'playlist':
             return self.playlist_result(
-                [self._parse_brightcove_metadata(vid, vid.get('id'), headers)
-                 for vid in json_data.get('videos', []) if vid.get('id')],
+                (self._parse_brightcove_metadata(vid, vid['id'], headers)
+                 for vid in traverse_obj(json_data, ('videos', lambda _, v: v['id']))),
                 json_data.get('id'), json_data.get('name'),
                 json_data.get('description'))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
index 71f772665..3dacbbd24 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bundestag.py
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@
     bug_reports_message,
     clean_html,
     format_field,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     url_or_none,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
 
 
 class BundestagIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -115,9 +117,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             note='Downloading metadata overlay', fatal=False,
         ), {
             'title': (
-                {functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'h3')}, 0,
-                {functools.partial(re.sub, r'<span[^>]*>[^<]+</span>', '')}, {clean_html}),
-            'description': ({functools.partial(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag, 'p')}, 0, {clean_html}),
+                {find_element(tag='h3')}, {functools.partial(re.sub, r'<span[^>]*>[^<]+</span>', '')}, {clean_html}),
+            'description': ({find_element(tag='p')}, {clean_html}),
         }))
 
         return result
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/bunnycdn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/bunnycdn.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d78753384
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bunnycdn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    extract_attributes,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_qs,
+    smuggle_url,
+    unsmuggle_url,
+    url_or_none,
+    urlhandle_detect_ext,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
+
+
+class BunnyCdnIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:iframe\.mediadelivery\.net|video\.bunnycdn\.com)/(?:embed|play)/(?P<library_id>\d+)/(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)'
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL}[^\'"]*)[\'"]']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/113933/e73edec1-e381-4c8b-ae73-717a140e0924',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e73edec1-e381-4c8b-ae73-717a140e0924',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'mistress morgana (3).mp4',
+            'description': '',
+            'timestamp': 1693251673,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/e73edec1-e381-4c8b-ae73-717a140e0924/thumbnail\.jpg',
+            'duration': 7.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230828',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/play/136145/32e34c4b-0d72-437c-9abb-05e67657da34',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '32e34c4b-0d72-437c-9abb-05e67657da34',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'timestamp': 1691145748,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/32e34c4b-0d72-437c-9abb-05e67657da34/thumbnail_9172dc16\.jpg',
+            'duration': 106.0,
+            'description': 'md5:981a3e899a5c78352b21ed8b2f1efd81',
+            'upload_date': '20230804',
+            'title': 'Sanela ist Teil der #arbeitsmarktkraft',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        # Stream requires activation and pings
+        'url': 'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/200867/2e8545ec-509d-4571-b855-4cf0235ccd75',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2e8545ec-509d-4571-b855-4cf0235ccd75',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'timestamp': 1708497752,
+            'title': 'netflix part 1',
+            'duration': 3959.0,
+            'description': '',
+            'upload_date': '20240221',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/2e8545ec-509d-4571-b855-4cf0235ccd75/thumbnail\.jpg',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        # Stream requires Referer
+        'url': 'https://conword.io/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3a5d863e-9cd6-447e-b6ef-e289af50b349',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Conword bei der Stadt Köln und Stadt Dortmund',
+            'description': '',
+            'upload_date': '20231031',
+            'duration': 31.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://video.watchuh.com/3a5d863e-9cd6-447e-b6ef-e289af50b349/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1698783879,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        # URL requires token and expires
+        'url': 'https://www.stockphotos.com/video/moscow-subway-the-train-is-arriving-at-the-park-kultury-station-10017830',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0b02fa20-4e8c-4140-8f87-f64d820a3386',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/0b02fa20-4e8c-4140-8f87-f64d820a3386/thumbnail\.jpg',
+            'title': 'Moscow subway. The train is arriving at the Park Kultury station.',
+            'upload_date': '20240531',
+            'duration': 18.0,
+            'timestamp': 1717152269,
+            'description': '',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
+        for embed_url in super()._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage):
+            yield smuggle_url(embed_url, {'Referer': url})
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
+
+        video_id, library_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'library_id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(
+            f'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/{library_id}/{video_id}', video_id,
+            headers=traverse_obj(smuggled_data, {'Referer': 'Referer'}),
+            query=traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), {'token': 'token', 'expires': 'expires'}))
+
+        if html_title := self._html_extract_title(webpage, default=None) == '403':
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'This video is inaccessible. Setting a Referer header '
+                'might be required to access the video', expected=True)
+        elif html_title == '404':
+            raise ExtractorError('This video does not exist', expected=True)
+
+        headers = {'Referer': url}
+
+        info = traverse_obj(self._parse_html5_media_entries(url, webpage, video_id, _headers=headers), 0) or {}
+        formats = info.get('formats') or []
+        subtitles = info.get('subtitles') or {}
+
+        original_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'(?:var|const|let)\s+originalUrl\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)["\']', webpage, 'original url', default=None)
+        if url_or_none(original_url):
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                HEADRequest(original_url), video_id=video_id, note='Checking original',
+                headers=headers, fatal=False, expected_status=(403, 404))
+            if urlh and urlh.status == 200:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': original_url,
+                    'format_id': 'source',
+                    'quality': 1,
+                    'http_headers': headers,
+                    'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh, default='mp4'),
+                    'filesize': int_or_none(urlh.get_header('Content-Length')),
+                })
+
+        # MediaCage Streams require activation and pings
+        src_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'\.setAttribute\([\'"]src[\'"],\s*[\'"]([^\'"]+)[\'"]\)', webpage, 'src url', default=None)
+        activation_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'loadUrl\([\'"]([^\'"]+/activate)[\'"]', webpage, 'activation url', default=None)
+        ping_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'loadUrl\([\'"]([^\'"]+/ping)[\'"]', webpage, 'ping url', default=None)
+        secret = traverse_obj(parse_qs(src_url), ('secret', 0))
+        context_id = traverse_obj(parse_qs(src_url), ('contextId', 0))
+        ping_data = {}
+        if src_url and activation_url and ping_url and secret and context_id:
+            self._download_webpage(
+                activation_url, video_id, headers=headers, note='Downloading activation data')
+
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                src_url, video_id, 'mp4', headers=headers, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            for fmt in fmts:
+                fmt.update({
+                    'protocol': 'bunnycdn',
+                    'http_headers': headers,
+                })
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+            ping_data = {
+                '_bunnycdn_ping_data': {
+                    'url': ping_url,
+                    'headers': headers,
+                    'secret': secret,
+                    'context_id': context_id,
+                },
+            }
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(id='main-video', html=True)}, {extract_attributes}, {
+                'title': ('data-plyr-config', {json.loads}, 'title', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('data-poster', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
+            **ping_data,
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, fatal=False),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py
index aa107f858..ea5134d2f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/caffeinetv.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'like_count': ('like_count', {int_or_none}),
                 'view_count': ('view_count', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('comment_count', {int_or_none}),
-                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}, filter),
                 'uploader': ('user', 'name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': (((None, 'user'), 'username'), {str}, any),
                 'is_live': ('is_live', {bool}),
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'title': ('broadcast_title', {str}),
                 'duration': ('content_duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('broadcast_start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'thumbnail': ('preview_image_path', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('preview_image_path', {urljoin(url)}),
             }),
             'age_limit': {
                 # assume Apple Store ratings: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_software_content_rating_system
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/callin.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/callin.py
index b7061a7d1..ee2e56f8e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/callin.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/callin.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 
 class CallinIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?callin\.com/(episode)/(?P<id>[-a-zA-Z]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?callin\.com/episode/(?P<id>[-a-zA-Z]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.callin.com/episode/the-title-ix-regime-and-the-long-march-through-EBfXYSrsjc',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/canalsurmas.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/canalsurmas.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..210973a0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/canalsurmas.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import json
+import time
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    float_or_none,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    url_or_none,
+    variadic,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class CanalsurmasIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?canalsurmas\.es/videos/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.canalsurmas.es/videos/44006-el-gran-queo-1-lora-del-rio-sevilla-20072014',
+        'md5': '861f86fdc1221175e15523047d0087ef',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '44006',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Lora del Río (Sevilla)',
+            'description': 'md5:3d9ee40a9b1b26ed8259e6b71ed27b8b',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn2.rtva.interactvty.com/content_cards/00f3e8f67b0a4f3b90a4a14618a48b0d.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1648123182,
+            'upload_date': '20220324',
+        },
+    }]
+    _API_BASE = 'https://api-rtva.interactvty.com'
+    _access_token = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_jwt_expired(token):
+        return jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp'] - time.time() < 300
+
+    def _call_api(self, endpoint, video_id, fields=None):
+        if not self._access_token or self._is_jwt_expired(self._access_token):
+            self._access_token = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._API_BASE}/jwt/token/', None,
+                'Downloading access token', 'Failed to download access token',
+                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+                data=json.dumps({
+                    'username': 'canalsur_demo',
+                    'password': 'dsUBXUcI',
+                }).encode())['access']
+
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'{self._API_BASE}/api/2.0/contents/{endpoint}/{video_id}/', video_id,
+            f'Downloading {endpoint} API JSON', f'Failed to download {endpoint} API JSON',
+            headers={'Authorization': f'jwtok {self._access_token}'},
+            query={'optional_fields': ','.join(variadic(fields))} if fields else None)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        video_info = self._call_api('content', video_id, fields=[
+            'description', 'image', 'duration', 'created_at', 'tags',
+        ])
+        stream_info = self._call_api('content_resources', video_id, 'media_url')
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for stream_url in traverse_obj(stream_info, ('results', ..., 'media_url', {url_or_none})):
+            if determine_ext(stream_url) == 'm3u8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    stream_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            else:
+                formats.append({'url': stream_url})
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'title': ('name', {str.strip}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
index 40224f63f..319771655 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
@@ -1,31 +1,32 @@
-import base64
 import functools
-import json
 import re
 import time
 import urllib.parse
-import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
-    join_nonempty,
     js_to_json,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
     mimetype2ext,
     orderedSet,
+    parse_age_limit,
     parse_iso8601,
     replace_extension,
     smuggle_url,
     strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
+    unified_timestamp,
     update_url,
     url_basename,
     url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj, trim_str
 
 
 class CBCIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -455,8 +456,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         chapters = traverse_obj(data, (
             'media', 'chapters', lambda _, v: float(v['startTime']) is not None, {
-                'start_time': ('startTime', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
-                'end_time': ('endTime', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'start_time': ('startTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'end_time': ('endTime', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
             }))
         # Filter out pointless single chapters with start_time==0 and no end_time
@@ -467,8 +468,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
-                'thumbnail': ('image', 'url', {url_or_none}, {functools.partial(update_url, query=None)}),
-                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', 'url', {url_or_none}, {update_url(query=None)}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'media_type': ('media', 'clipType', {str}),
                 'series': ('showName', {str}),
                 'season_number': ('media', 'season', {int_or_none}),
@@ -518,165 +519,197 @@ def entries():
         return self.playlist_result(entries(), playlist_id)
 
 
-class CBCGemIE(InfoExtractor):
+class CBCGemBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'cbcgem'
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['CA']
+
+    def _call_show_api(self, item_id, display_id=None):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/catalog/v2/gem/show/{item_id}',
+            display_id or item_id, query={'device': 'web'})
+
+    def _extract_item_info(self, item_info):
+        episode_number = None
+        title = traverse_obj(item_info, ('title', {str}))
+        if title and (mobj := re.match(r'(?P<episode>\d+)\. (?P<title>.+)', title)):
+            episode_number = int_or_none(mobj.group('episode'))
+            title = mobj.group('title')
+
+        return {
+            'episode_number': episode_number,
+            **traverse_obj(item_info, {
+                'id': ('url', {str}),
+                'episode_id': ('url', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('images', 'card', 'url', {url_or_none}, {update_url(query=None)}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('metadata', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('metadata', 'airDate', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'timestamp': ('metadata', 'availabilityDate', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'age_limit': ('metadata', 'rating', {trim_str(start='C')}, {parse_age_limit}),
+            }),
+            'episode': title,
+            'title': title,
+        }
+
+
+class CBCGemIE(CBCGemBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'gem.cbc.ca'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://gem\.cbc\.ca/(?:media/)?(?P<id>[0-9a-z-]+/s[0-9]+[a-z][0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://gem\.cbc\.ca/(?:media/)?(?P<id>[0-9a-z-]+/s(?P<season>[0-9]+)[a-z][0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         # This is a normal, public, TV show video
         'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/media/schitts-creek/s06e01',
-        'md5': '93dbb31c74a8e45b378cf13bd3f6f11e',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'schitts-creek/s06e01',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Smoke Signals',
             'description': 'md5:929868d20021c924020641769eb3e7f1',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.radio-canada.ca/v1/synps-cbc/episode/perso/cbc_schitts_creek_season_06e01_thumbnail_v01.jpg?im=Resize=(Size)',
-            'duration': 1314,
-            'categories': ['comedy'],
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.radio-canada\.ca/[^#?]+/cbc_schitts_creek_season_06e01_thumbnail_v01\.jpg',
+            'duration': 1324,
+            'genres': ['Comédie et humour'],
             'series': 'Schitt\'s Creek',
             'season': 'Season 6',
             'season_number': 6,
             'episode': 'Smoke Signals',
             'episode_number': 1,
             'episode_id': 'schitts-creek/s06e01',
+            'upload_date': '20210618',
+            'timestamp': 1623974400,
+            'release_date': '20200107',
+            'release_timestamp': 1578355200,
+            'age_limit': 14,
         },
         'params': {'format': 'bv'},
-        'skip': 'Geo-restricted to Canada',
     }, {
         # This video requires an account in the browser, but works fine in yt-dlp
         'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/media/schitts-creek/s01e01',
-        'md5': '297a9600f554f2258aed01514226a697',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'schitts-creek/s01e01',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'The Cup Runneth Over',
             'description': 'md5:9bca14ea49ab808097530eb05a29e797',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.radio-canada.ca/v1/synps-cbc/episode/perso/cbc_schitts_creek_season_01e01_thumbnail_v01.jpg?im=Resize=(Size)',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.radio-canada\.ca/[^#?]+/cbc_schitts_creek_season_01e01_thumbnail_v01\.jpg',
             'series': 'Schitt\'s Creek',
             'season_number': 1,
             'season': 'Season 1',
             'episode_number': 1,
             'episode': 'The Cup Runneth Over',
             'episode_id': 'schitts-creek/s01e01',
-            'duration': 1309,
-            'categories': ['comedy'],
+            'duration': 1308,
+            'genres': ['Comédie et humour'],
+            'upload_date': '20210617',
+            'timestamp': 1623888000,
+            'release_date': '20151123',
+            'release_timestamp': 1448236800,
+            'age_limit': 14,
         },
         'params': {'format': 'bv'},
-        'skip': 'Geo-restricted to Canada',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/nadiyas-family-favourites/s01e01',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['CA']
-    _TOKEN_API_KEY = '3f4beddd-2061-49b0-ae80-6f1f2ed65b37'
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'cbcgem'
+    _CLIENT_ID = 'fc05b0ee-3865-4400-a3cc-3da82c330c23'
+    _refresh_token = None
+    _access_token = None
     _claims_token = None
 
-    def _new_claims_token(self, email, password):
-        data = json.dumps({
-            'email': email,
-            'password': password,
-        }).encode()
-        headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
-        query = {'apikey': self._TOKEN_API_KEY}
-        resp = self._download_json('https://api.loginradius.com/identity/v2/auth/login',
-                                   None, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        access_token = resp['access_token']
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _ropc_settings(self):
+        return self._download_json(
+            'https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/catalog/v1/gem/settings', None,
+            'Downloading site settings', query={'device': 'web'})['identityManagement']['ropc']
 
-        query = {
-            'access_token': access_token,
-            'apikey': self._TOKEN_API_KEY,
-            'jwtapp': 'jwt',
-        }
-        resp = self._download_json('https://cloud-api.loginradius.com/sso/jwt/api/token',
-                                   None, headers=headers, query=query)
-        sig = resp['signature']
+    def _is_jwt_expired(self, token):
+        return jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp'] - time.time() < 300
 
-        data = json.dumps({'jwt': sig}).encode()
-        headers = {'content-type': 'application/json', 'ott-device-type': 'web'}
-        resp = self._download_json('https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/token',
-                                   None, data=data, headers=headers, expected_status=426)
-        cbc_access_token = resp['accessToken']
+    def _call_oauth_api(self, oauth_data, note='Refreshing access token'):
+        response = self._download_json(
+            self._ropc_settings['url'], None, note, data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                **oauth_data,
+                'scope': self._ropc_settings['scopes'],
+            }))
+        self._refresh_token = response['refresh_token']
+        self._access_token = response['access_token']
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', [self._refresh_token, self._access_token])
 
-        headers = {'content-type': 'application/json', 'ott-device-type': 'web', 'ott-access-token': cbc_access_token}
-        resp = self._download_json('https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/profile',
-                                   None, headers=headers, expected_status=426)
-        return resp['claimsToken']
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if not self._refresh_token:
+            self._refresh_token, self._access_token = self.cache.load(
+                self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', default=[None, None])
 
-    def _get_claims_token_expiry(self):
-        # Token is a JWT
-        # JWT is decoded here and 'exp' field is extracted
-        # It is a Unix timestamp for when the token expires
-        b64_data = self._claims_token.split('.')[1]
-        data = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(b64_data + '==')
-        return json.loads(data)['exp']
+        if self._refresh_token and self._access_token:
+            self.write_debug('Using cached refresh token')
+            if not self._claims_token:
+                self._claims_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'claims_token')
+            return
 
-    def claims_token_expired(self):
-        exp = self._get_claims_token_expiry()
-        # It will expire in less than 10 seconds, or has already expired
-        return exp - time.time() < 10
+        try:
+            self._call_oauth_api({
+                'grant_type': 'password',
+                'username': username,
+                'password': password,
+            }, note='Logging in')
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username and/or password', expected=True)
+            raise
 
-    def claims_token_valid(self):
-        return self._claims_token is not None and not self.claims_token_expired()
+    def _fetch_access_token(self):
+        if self._is_jwt_expired(self._access_token):
+            try:
+                self._call_oauth_api({
+                    'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
+                    'refresh_token': self._refresh_token,
+                })
+            except ExtractorError:
+                self._refresh_token, self._access_token = None, None
+                self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', [None, None])
+                self.report_warning('Refresh token has been invalidated; retrying with credentials')
+                self._perform_login(*self._get_login_info())
 
-    def _get_claims_token(self, email, password):
-        if not self.claims_token_valid():
-            self._claims_token = self._new_claims_token(email, password)
+        return self._access_token
+
+    def _fetch_claims_token(self):
+        if not self._get_login_info()[0]:
+            return None
+
+        if not self._claims_token or self._is_jwt_expired(self._claims_token):
+            self._claims_token = self._download_json(
+                'https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/subscription/v2/gem/Subscriber/profile',
+                None, 'Downloading claims token', query={'device': 'web'},
+                headers={'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._fetch_access_token()}'})['claimsToken']
             self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'claims_token', self._claims_token)
+        else:
+            self.write_debug('Using cached claims token')
+
         return self._claims_token
 
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        if self.claims_token_valid():
-            return
-        self._claims_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'claims_token')
-
-    def _find_secret_formats(self, formats, video_id):
-        """ Find a valid video url and convert it to the secret variant """
-        base_format = next((f for f in formats if f.get('vcodec') != 'none'), None)
-        if not base_format:
-            return
-
-        base_url = re.sub(r'(Manifest\(.*?),filter=[\w-]+(.*?\))', r'\1\2', base_format['url'])
-        url = re.sub(r'(Manifest\(.*?),format=[\w-]+(.*?\))', r'\1\2', base_url)
-
-        secret_xml = self._download_xml(url, video_id, note='Downloading secret XML', fatal=False)
-        if not isinstance(secret_xml, xml.etree.ElementTree.Element):
-            return
-
-        for child in secret_xml:
-            if child.attrib.get('Type') != 'video':
-                continue
-            for video_quality in child:
-                bitrate = int_or_none(video_quality.attrib.get('Bitrate'))
-                if not bitrate or 'Index' not in video_quality.attrib:
-                    continue
-                height = int_or_none(video_quality.attrib.get('MaxHeight'))
-
-                yield {
-                    **base_format,
-                    'format_id': join_nonempty('sec', height),
-                    # Note: \g<1> is necessary instead of \1 since bitrate is a number
-                    'url': re.sub(r'(QualityLevels\()\d+(\))', fr'\g<1>{bitrate}\2', base_url),
-                    'width': int_or_none(video_quality.attrib.get('MaxWidth')),
-                    'tbr': bitrate / 1000.0,
-                    'height': height,
-                }
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        video_info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/assets/{video_id}',
-            video_id, expected_status=426)
+        video_id, season_number = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'season')
+        video_info = self._call_show_api(video_id)
+        item_info = traverse_obj(video_info, (
+            'content', ..., 'lineups', ..., 'items',
+            lambda _, v: v['url'] == video_id, any, {require('item info')}))
 
-        email, password = self._get_login_info()
-        if email and password:
-            claims_token = self._get_claims_token(email, password)
-            headers = {'x-claims-token': claims_token}
-        else:
-            headers = {}
-        m3u8_info = self._download_json(video_info['playSession']['url'], video_id, headers=headers)
-        m3u8_url = m3u8_info.get('url')
+        headers = {}
+        if claims_token := self._fetch_claims_token():
+            headers['x-claims-token'] = claims_token
+
+        m3u8_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://services.radio-canada.ca/media/validation/v2/',
+            video_id, headers=headers, query={
+                'appCode': 'gem',
+                'connectionType': 'hd',
+                'deviceType': 'ipad',
+                'multibitrate': 'true',
+                'output': 'json',
+                'tech': 'hls',
+                'manifestVersion': '2',
+                'manifestType': 'desktop',
+                'idMedia': item_info['idMedia'],
+            })
 
         if m3u8_info.get('errorCode') == 1:
             self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['CA'])
@@ -685,9 +718,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         elif m3u8_info.get('errorCode') != 0:
             raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {m3u8_info.get("errorCode")} - {m3u8_info.get("message")}')
 
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls')
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            m3u8_info['url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', query={'manifestType': ''})
         self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
-        formats.extend(self._find_secret_formats(formats, video_id))
 
         for fmt in formats:
             if fmt.get('vcodec') == 'none':
@@ -702,25 +735,20 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     fmt['preference'] = -2
 
         return {
+            'season_number': int_or_none(season_number),
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'series': ('title', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('structuredMetadata', 'partofSeason', 'seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'genres': ('structuredMetadata', 'genre', ..., {str}),
+            }),
+            **self._extract_item_info(item_info),
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': video_info['title'],
-            'description': video_info.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': video_info.get('image'),
-            'series': video_info.get('series'),
-            'season_number': video_info.get('season'),
-            'season': f'Season {video_info.get("season")}',
-            'episode_number': video_info.get('episode'),
-            'episode': video_info.get('title'),
             'episode_id': video_id,
-            'duration': video_info.get('duration'),
-            'categories': [video_info.get('category')],
             'formats': formats,
-            'release_timestamp': video_info.get('airDate'),
-            'timestamp': video_info.get('availableDate'),
         }
 
 
-class CBCGemPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+class CBCGemPlaylistIE(CBCGemBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'gem.cbc.ca:playlist'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://gem\.cbc\.ca/(?:media/)?(?P<id>(?P<show>[0-9a-z-]+)/s(?P<season>[0-9]+))/?(?:[?#]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -730,70 +758,35 @@ class CBCGemPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'schitts-creek/s06',
             'title': 'Season 6',
-            'description': 'md5:6a92104a56cbeb5818cc47884d4326a2',
             'series': 'Schitt\'s Creek',
             'season_number': 6,
             'season': 'Season 6',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.radio-canada.ca/v1/synps-cbc/season/perso/cbc_schitts_creek_season_06_carousel_v03.jpg?impolicy=ott&im=Resize=(_Size_)&quality=75',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/schitts-creek/s06',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
-    _API_BASE = 'https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/shows/'
+
+    def _entries(self, season_info):
+        for episode in traverse_obj(season_info, ('items', lambda _, v: v['url'])):
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'https://gem.cbc.ca/media/{episode["url"]}', CBCGemIE,
+                **self._extract_item_info(episode))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        match = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        season_id = match.group('id')
-        show = match.group('show')
-        show_info = self._download_json(self._API_BASE + show, season_id, expected_status=426)
-        season = int(match.group('season'))
+        season_id, show, season = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'show', 'season')
+        show_info = self._call_show_api(show, display_id=season_id)
+        season_info = traverse_obj(show_info, (
+            'content', ..., 'lineups',
+            lambda _, v: v['seasonNumber'] == int(season), any, {require('season info')}))
 
-        season_info = next((s for s in show_info['seasons'] if s.get('season') == season), None)
-
-        if season_info is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Couldn\'t find season {season} of {show}')
-
-        episodes = []
-        for episode in season_info['assets']:
-            episodes.append({
-                '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                'ie_key': 'CBCGem',
-                'url': 'https://gem.cbc.ca/media/' + episode['id'],
-                'id': episode['id'],
-                'title': episode.get('title'),
-                'description': episode.get('description'),
-                'thumbnail': episode.get('image'),
-                'series': episode.get('series'),
-                'season_number': episode.get('season'),
-                'season': season_info['title'],
-                'season_id': season_info.get('id'),
-                'episode_number': episode.get('episode'),
-                'episode': episode.get('title'),
-                'episode_id': episode['id'],
-                'duration': episode.get('duration'),
-                'categories': [episode.get('category')],
-            })
-
-        thumbnail = None
-        tn_uri = season_info.get('image')
-        # the-national was observed to use a "data:image/png;base64"
-        # URI for their 'image' value. The image was 1x1, and is
-        # probably just a placeholder, so it is ignored.
-        if tn_uri is not None and not tn_uri.startswith('data:'):
-            thumbnail = tn_uri
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'playlist',
-            'entries': episodes,
-            'id': season_id,
-            'title': season_info['title'],
-            'description': season_info.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-            'series': show_info.get('title'),
-            'season_number': season_info.get('season'),
-            'season': season_info['title'],
-        }
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(season_info), season_id,
+            **traverse_obj(season_info, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'season': ('title', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+            }), series=traverse_obj(show_info, ('title', {str})))
 
 
 class CBCGemLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
index 972e11119..b01c0efd5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbsnews.py
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ def get_subtitles(subs_url):
             **traverse_obj(item, {
                 'title': (None, ('fulltitle', 'title')),
                 'description': 'dek',
-                'timestamp': ('timestamp', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('timestamp', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
                 'subtitles': ('captions', {get_subtitles}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', ('hd', 'sd'), {url_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py
index ffe4b49c1..7014c208d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ccma.py
@@ -12,53 +12,86 @@
 
 
 class CCMAIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ccma\.cat/(?:[^/]+/)*?(?P<type>video|audio)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    IE_DESC = '3Cat, TV3 and Catalunya Ràdio'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?3cat\.cat/(?:3cat|tv3/sx3)/[^/?#]+/(?P<type>video|audio)/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.ccma.cat/tv3/alacarta/lespot-de-la-marato-de-tv3/lespot-de-la-marato-de-tv3/video/5630208/',
+        # ccma.cat/tv3/alacarta/ URLs redirect to 3cat.cat/3cat/
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/3cat/lespot-de-la-marato-de-tv3/video/5630208/',
         'md5': '7296ca43977c8ea4469e719c609b0871',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '5630208',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'L\'espot de La Marató de TV3',
+            'title': 'L\'espot de La Marató 2016: Ictus i les lesions medul·lars i cerebrals traumàtiques',
             'description': 'md5:f12987f320e2f6e988e9908e4fe97765',
             'timestamp': 1478608140,
             'upload_date': '20161108',
             'age_limit': 0,
+            'alt_title': 'EsportMarató2016WEB_PerPublicar',
+            'duration': 79,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/4/6/1478536106664.jpg',
+            'series': 'Dedicada a l\'ictus i les lesions medul·lars i cerebrals traumàtiques',
+            'categories': ['Divulgació'],
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.ccma.cat/catradio/alacarta/programa/el-consell-de-savis-analitza-el-derbi/audio/943685/',
+        # ccma.cat/catradio/alacarta/ URLs redirect to 3cat.cat/3cat/
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/3cat/el-consell-de-savis-analitza-el-derbi/audio/943685/',
         'md5': 'fa3e38f269329a278271276330261425',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '943685',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'El Consell de Savis analitza el derbi',
             'description': 'md5:e2a3648145f3241cb9c6b4b624033e53',
-            'upload_date': '20170512',
-            'timestamp': 1494622500,
+            'upload_date': '20161217',
+            'timestamp': 1482011700,
             'vcodec': 'none',
             'categories': ['Esports'],
+            'series': 'Tot gira',
+            'duration': 821,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/8/9/1482002602598.jpg',
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.ccma.cat/tv3/alacarta/crims/crims-josep-tallada-lespereu-me-capitol-1/video/6031387/',
-        'md5': 'b43c3d3486f430f3032b5b160d80cbc3',
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/3cat/crims-josep-tallada-lespereu-me-part-1/video/6031387/',
+        'md5': '27493513d08a3e5605814aee9bb778d2',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '6031387',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Crims - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (capítol 1)',
+            'title': 'T1xC5 - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (part 1)',
             'description': 'md5:7cbdafb640da9d0d2c0f62bad1e74e60',
-            'timestamp': 1582577700,
+            'timestamp': 1582577919,
             'upload_date': '20200224',
-            'subtitles': 'mincount:4',
-            'age_limit': 16,
+            'subtitles': 'mincount:1',
+            'age_limit': 13,
             'series': 'Crims',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/1/9/1582564376991.jpg',
+            'duration': 3203,
+            'categories': ['Divulgació'],
+            'alt_title': 'Crims - 5 - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (1a part) - Josep Talleda, l\'"Espereu-me" (part 1)',
+            'episode_number': 5,
+            'episode': 'Episode 5',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.3cat.cat/tv3/sx3/una-mosca-volava-per-la-llum/video/5759227/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5759227',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Una mosca volava per la llum',
+            'alt_title': '17Z004Ç UNA MOSCA VOLAVA PER LA LLUM',
+            'description': 'md5:9ab64276944b0825336f4147f13f7854',
+            'series': 'Mic',
+            'upload_date': '20180411',
+            'timestamp': 1523440105,
+            'duration': 160,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.3cat.cat/multimedia/jpg/6/1/1524071667216.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Música'],
         },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        media_type, media_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        media_type, media_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('type', 'id')
 
         media = self._download_json(
-            'http://dinamics.ccma.cat/pvideo/media.jsp', media_id, query={
+            'http://api-media.3cat.cat/pvideo/media.jsp', media_id, query={
                 'media': media_type,
                 'idint': media_id,
                 'format': 'dm',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
index 62ee8b17f..96f25c22a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 from ..compat import compat_ord
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    OnDemandPagedList,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     merge_dicts,
@@ -120,10 +121,7 @@ def _download_age_confirm_page(self, url, video_id, *args, **kwargs):
             }, **kwargs)
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        app_version = random.choice((
-            '1.2.88 build 15306',
-            '1.2.174 build 18469',
-        ))
+        app_version = '1.2.255 build 21541'
         android_version = random.randrange(8, 14)
         phone_model = random.choice((
             # x-kom.pl top selling Android smartphones, as of 2022-12-26
@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ def _api_extract(self, video_id):
         meta = self._download_json(
             f'{self._BASE_API_URL}/video/{video_id}', video_id, headers=self._API_HEADERS)['video']
 
-        uploader = traverse_obj(meta, 'author', 'login')
+        uploader = traverse_obj(meta, ('author', 'login', {str}))
 
         formats = [{
             'url': quality['file'],
@@ -351,3 +349,50 @@ def extract_format(page, version):
             extract_format(webpage, resolution)
 
         return merge_dicts(info_dict, info)
+
+
+class CDAFolderIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _MAX_PAGE_SIZE = 36
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cda\.pl/(?P<channel>\w+)/folder/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.cda.pl/domino264/folder/31188385',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '31188385',
+                'title': 'SERIA DRUGA',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 13,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.cda.pl/smiechawaTV/folder/2664592/vfilm',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '2664592',
+                'title': 'VideoDowcipy - wszystkie odcinki',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 71,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.cda.pl/DeliciousBeauty/folder/19129979/vfilm',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '19129979',
+                'title': 'TESTY KOSMETYKÓW',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 139,
+        }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        folder_id, channel = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'channel')
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, folder_id)
+
+        def extract_page_entries(page):
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(
+                f'https://www.cda.pl/{channel}/folder/{folder_id}/vfilm/{page + 1}', folder_id,
+                f'Downloading page {page + 1}', expected_status=404)
+            items = re.findall(r'<a[^>]+href="/video/([0-9a-z]+)"', webpage)
+            for video_id in items:
+                yield self.url_result(f'https://www.cda.pl/video/{video_id}', CDAIE, video_id)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            OnDemandPagedList(extract_page_entries, self._MAX_PAGE_SIZE),
+            folder_id, self._og_search_title(webpage))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py
index b49f741ef..d031d3985 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/chaturbate.py
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@
     ExtractorError,
     lowercase_escape,
     url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
 class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?chaturbate\.com/(?:fullvideo/?\?.*?\bb=)?(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?chaturbate\.(?P<tld>com|eu|global)/(?:fullvideo/?\?.*?\bb=)?(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.chaturbate.com/siswet19/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -29,16 +30,58 @@ class ChaturbateIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://en.chaturbate.com/siswet19/',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://chaturbate.eu/siswet19/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://chaturbate.eu/fullvideo/?b=caylin',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://chaturbate.global/siswet19/',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    _ROOM_OFFLINE = 'Room is currently offline'
+    _ERROR_MAP = {
+        'offline': 'Room is currently offline',
+        'private': 'Room is currently in a private show',
+        'away': 'Performer is currently away',
+        'password protected': 'Room is password protected',
+        'hidden': 'Hidden session in progress',
+    }
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+    def _extract_from_api(self, video_id, tld):
+        response = self._download_json(
+            f'https://chaturbate.{tld}/get_edge_hls_url_ajax/', video_id,
+            data=urlencode_postdata({'room_slug': video_id}),
+            headers={
+                **self.geo_verification_headers(),
+                'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+            }, fatal=False, impersonate=True) or {}
 
+        m3u8_url = response.get('url')
+        if not m3u8_url:
+            status = response.get('room_status')
+            if error := self._ERROR_MAP.get(status):
+                raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
+            if status == 'public':
+                self.raise_geo_restricted()
+            self.report_warning(f'Got status "{status}" from API; falling back to webpage extraction')
+            return None
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': video_id,
+            'thumbnail': f'https://roomimg.stream.highwebmedia.com/ri/{video_id}.jpg',
+            'is_live': True,
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', live=True),
+        }
+
+    def _extract_from_html(self, video_id, tld):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            f'https://chaturbate.com/{video_id}/', video_id,
-            headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
+            f'https://chaturbate.{tld}/{video_id}/', video_id,
+            headers=self.geo_verification_headers(), impersonate=True)
 
         found_m3u8_urls = []
 
@@ -76,8 +119,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 webpage, 'error', group='error', default=None)
             if not error:
                 if any(p in webpage for p in (
-                        self._ROOM_OFFLINE, 'offline_tipping', 'tip_offline')):
-                    error = self._ROOM_OFFLINE
+                        self._ERROR_MAP['offline'], 'offline_tipping', 'tip_offline')):
+                    error = self._ERROR_MAP['offline']
             if error:
                 raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to find stream URL')
@@ -104,3 +147,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'is_live': True,
             'formats': formats,
         }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, tld = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'tld')
+        return self._extract_from_api(video_id, tld) or self._extract_from_html(video_id, tld)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py
index e0b9980af..a5daf5ca7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/chzzk.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import functools
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     UserNotLive,
@@ -23,7 +21,7 @@ class CHZZKLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
             'channel': '진짜도현',
             'channel_id': 'c68b8ef525fb3d2fa146344d84991753',
             'channel_is_verified': False,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
             'timestamp': 1705510344,
             'upload_date': '20240117',
             'live_status': 'is_live',
@@ -77,7 +75,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             **traverse_obj(live_detail, {
                 'title': ('liveTitle', {str}),
-                'timestamp': ('openDate', {functools.partial(parse_iso8601, delimiter=' ')}),
+                'timestamp': ('openDate', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
                 'concurrent_view_count': ('concurrentUserCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'view_count': ('accumulateCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'channel': ('channel', 'channelName', {str}),
@@ -100,7 +98,7 @@ class CHZZKVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'channel': '침착맨',
             'channel_id': 'bb382c2c0cc9fa7c86ab3b037fb5799c',
             'channel_is_verified': False,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 15577,
             'timestamp': 1702970505.417,
             'upload_date': '20231219',
@@ -117,7 +115,7 @@ class CHZZKVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'channel': '라디유radiyu',
             'channel_id': '68f895c59a1043bc5019b5e08c83a5c5',
             'channel_is_verified': False,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 95,
             'timestamp': 1703102631.722,
             'upload_date': '20231220',
@@ -133,12 +131,30 @@ class CHZZKVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'channel': '강지',
             'channel_id': 'b5ed5db484d04faf4d150aedd362f34b',
             'channel_is_verified': True,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 4433,
             'timestamp': 1703307460.214,
             'upload_date': '20231223',
             'view_count': int,
         },
+    }, {
+        # video_status == 'NONE' but is downloadable
+        'url': 'https://chzzk.naver.com/video/6325166',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6325166',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '와이프 숙제빼주기',
+            'channel': '이 다',
+            'channel_id': '0076a519f147ee9fd0959bf02f9571ca',
+            'channel_is_verified': False,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 28167,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1742139216.86,
+            'upload_date': '20250316',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -146,23 +162,40 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_meta = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.chzzk.naver.com/service/v3/videos/{video_id}', video_id,
             note='Downloading video info', errnote='Unable to download video info')['content']
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-            f'https://apis.naver.com/neonplayer/vodplay/v1/playback/{video_meta["videoId"]}', video_id,
-            query={
-                'key': video_meta['inKey'],
-                'env': 'real',
-                'lc': 'en_US',
-                'cpl': 'en_US',
-            }, note='Downloading video playback', errnote='Unable to download video playback')
+
+        live_status = 'was_live' if video_meta.get('liveOpenDate') else 'not_live'
+        video_status = video_meta.get('vodStatus')
+        if video_status == 'ABR_HLS':
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                f'https://apis.naver.com/neonplayer/vodplay/v1/playback/{video_meta["videoId"]}',
+                video_id, query={
+                    'key': video_meta['inKey'],
+                    'env': 'real',
+                    'lc': 'en_US',
+                    'cpl': 'en_US',
+                })
+        else:
+            fatal = video_status == 'UPLOAD'
+            playback = self._parse_json(video_meta['liveRewindPlaybackJson'], video_id, fatal=fatal)
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                traverse_obj(playback, ('media', 0, 'path')), video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=fatal)
+            if formats and video_status != 'UPLOAD':
+                self.write_debug(f'Video found with status: "{video_status}"')
+            elif not formats:
+                self.raise_no_formats(
+                    f'Unknown video status detected: "{video_status}"', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+                formats, subtitles = [], {}
+                live_status = 'post_live' if live_status == 'was_live' else None
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'live_status': live_status,
             **traverse_obj(video_meta, {
                 'title': ('videoTitle', {str}),
                 'thumbnail': ('thumbnailImageUrl', {url_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('publishDateAt', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishDateAt', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'view_count': ('readCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'channel': ('channel', 'channelName', {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
index c8c6c48c2..124c874e2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cineverse.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     filter_dict,
+    float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     parse_age_limit,
     smuggle_url,
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'title': 'title',
                 'id': ('details', 'item_id'),
                 'description': ('details', 'description'),
-                'duration': ('duration', {lambda x: x / 1000}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'cast': ('details', 'cast', {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
                 'modified_timestamp': ('details', 'updated_by', 0, 'update_time', 'time', {int_or_none}),
                 'season_number': ('details', 'season', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py
index 8a409461a..9e9e89a80 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cloudflarestream.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     _DOMAIN_RE = r'(?:cloudflarestream\.com|(?:videodelivery|bytehighway)\.net)'
     _EMBED_RE = rf'(?:embed\.|{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}){_DOMAIN_RE}/embed/[^/?#]+\.js\?(?:[^#]+&)?video='
     _ID_RE = r'[\da-f]{32}|eyJ[\w-]+\.[\w-]+\.[\w-]+'
-    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}{_DOMAIN_RE}/|{_EMBED_RE})(?P<id>{_ID_RE})'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}(?P<domain>{_DOMAIN_RE})/|{_EMBED_RE})(?P<id>{_ID_RE})'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [
         rf'<script[^>]+\bsrc=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//{_EMBED_RE}(?:{_ID_RE})(?:(?!\1).)*)\1',
         rf'<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=["\'](?P<url>https?://{_SUBDOMAIN_RE}{_DOMAIN_RE}/[\da-f]{{32}})',
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://videodelivery.net/31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cloudflarestream.com/31c9291ab41fac05471db4e73aa11717/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://videodelivery.net/0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cloudflarestream.com/0e8e040aec776862e1d632a699edf59e/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://watch.cloudflarestream.com/9df17203414fd1db3e3ed74abbe936c1',
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://videodelivery.net/eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cloudflarestream.com/eaef9dea5159cf968be84241b5cedfe7/thumbnails/thumbnail.jpg',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': 'm3u8',
@@ -62,8 +62,9 @@ class CloudflareStreamIE(InfoExtractor):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        domain = 'bytehighway.net' if 'bytehighway.net/' in url else 'videodelivery.net'
+        video_id, domain = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'domain')
+        if domain != 'bytehighway.net':
+            domain = 'cloudflarestream.com'
         base_url = f'https://{domain}/{video_id}/'
         if '.' in video_id:
             video_id = self._parse_json(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py
index fe7615a89..8148762c5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cnn.py
@@ -1,146 +1,225 @@
+import json
+import re
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from .turner import TurnerBaseIE
-from ..utils import merge_dicts, try_call, url_basename
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    int_or_none,
+    merge_dicts,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_resolution,
+    try_call,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import find_elements, traverse_obj
 
 
-class CNNIE(TurnerBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://(?:(?P<sub_domain>edition|www|money)\.)?cnn\.com/(?:video/(?:data/.+?|\?)/)?videos?/
-        (?P<path>.+?/(?P<title>[^/]+?)(?:\.(?:[a-z\-]+)|(?=&)))'''
+class CNNIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:edition|www|money|cnnespanol)\.)?cnn\.com/(?!audio/)(?P<display_id>[^?#]+?)(?:[?#]|$|/index\.html)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/sports/2013/06/09/nadal-1-on-1.cnn',
-        'md5': '3e6121ea48df7e2259fe73a0628605c4',
+        'url': 'https://www.cnn.com/2024/05/31/sport/video/jadon-sancho-borussia-dortmund-champions-league-exclusive-spt-intl',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'sports/2013/06/09/nadal-1-on-1.cnn',
+            'id': 'med0e97ad0d154f56e29aa96e57192a14226734b6b',
+            'display_id': '2024/05/31/sport/video/jadon-sancho-borussia-dortmund-champions-league-exclusive-spt-intl',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nadal wins 8th French Open title',
-            'description': 'World Sport\'s Amanda Davies chats with 2013 French Open champion Rafael Nadal.',
-            'duration': 135,
-            'upload_date': '20130609',
+            'upload_date': '20240531',
+            'description': 'md5:844bcdb0629e1877a7a466c913f4c19c',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/gettyimages-2151936122.jpg?c=original',
+            'duration': 373.0,
+            'timestamp': 1717148586,
+            'title': 'Borussia Dortmund star Jadon Sancho seeks Wembley redemption after 2020 Euros hurt',
+            'modified_date': '20240531',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1717150140,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/video/?/video/us/2013/08/21/sot-student-gives-epic-speech.georgia-institute-of-technology&utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+rss%2Fcnn_topstories+%28RSS%3A+Top+Stories%29',
-        'md5': 'b5cc60c60a3477d185af8f19a2a26f4e',
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/11/politics/video/inmates-vote-jail-nevada-murray-dnt-ac360-digvid',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'us/2013/08/21/sot-student-gives-epic-speech.georgia-institute-of-technology',
+            'id': 'me522945c4709b299e5cb8657900a7a21ad3b559f9',
+            'display_id': '2024/06/11/politics/video/inmates-vote-jail-nevada-murray-dnt-ac360-digvid',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Student's epic speech stuns new freshmen",
-            'description': 'A Georgia Tech student welcomes the incoming freshmen with an epic speech backed by music from "2001: A Space Odyssey."',
-            'upload_date': '20130821',
+            'description': 'md5:e0120fe5da9ad8259fd707c1cbb64a60',
+            'title': 'Here’s how some inmates in closely divided state are now able to vote from jail',
+            'timestamp': 1718158269,
+            'upload_date': '20240612',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/still-20701554-13565-571-still.jpg?c=original',
+            'duration': 202.0,
+            'modified_date': '20240612',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1718158509,
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.cnn.com/video/data/2.0/video/living/2014/12/22/growing-america-nashville-salemtown-board-episode-1.hln.html',
-        'md5': 'f14d02ebd264df951feb2400e2c25a1b',
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/2024/06/11/style/king-charles-portrait-vandalized/index.html',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'living/2014/12/22/growing-america-nashville-salemtown-board-episode-1.hln',
+            'id': 'mef5f52b9e1fe28b1ad192afcbc9206ae984894b68',
+            'display_id': '2024/06/11/style/king-charles-portrait-vandalized',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nashville Ep. 1: Hand crafted skateboards',
-            'description': 'md5:e7223a503315c9f150acac52e76de086',
-            'upload_date': '20141222',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/still-20701257-8846-816-still.jpg?c=original',
+            'description': 'md5:19f78338ccec533db0fa8a4511012dae',
+            'title': 'Video shows King Charles\' portrait being vandalized by activists',
+            'timestamp': 1718113852,
+            'upload_date': '20240611',
+            'duration': 51.0,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1718116193,
+            'modified_date': '20240611',
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://money.cnn.com/video/news/2016/08/19/netflix-stunning-stats.cnnmoney/index.html',
-        'md5': '52a515dc1b0f001cd82e4ceda32be9d1',
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/videos/media/2022/12/05/robin-meade-final-sign-off-broadcast-hln-mxp-contd-vpx.hln',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '/video/news/2016/08/19/netflix-stunning-stats.cnnmoney',
+            'id': 'mefba13799201b084ea3b1d0f7ca820ae94d4bb5b2',
+            'display_id': 'videos/media/2022/12/05/robin-meade-final-sign-off-broadcast-hln-mxp-contd-vpx.hln',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '5 stunning stats about Netflix',
-            'description': 'Did you know that Netflix has more than 80 million members? Here are five facts about the online video distributor that you probably didn\'t know.',
-            'upload_date': '20160819',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/221205163510-robin-meade-sign-off.jpg?c=original',
+            'duration': 158.0,
+            'title': 'Robin Meade signs off after HLN\'s last broadcast',
+            'description': 'md5:cff3c62d18d2fbc6c5c75cb029b7353b',
+            'upload_date': '20221205',
+            'timestamp': 1670284296,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1670332404,
+            'modified_date': '20221206',
         },
-        'params': {
-            # m3u8 download
-            'skip_download': True,
+        'params': {'format': 'direct'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://cnnespanol.cnn.com/video/ataque-misil-israel-beirut-libano-octubre-trax',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'me484a43722642aa00627b812fe928f2e99c6e2997',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'video/ataque-misil-israel-beirut-libano-octubre-trax',
+            'timestamp': 1729501452,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/ataqeubeirut-1.jpg?c=original',
+            'description': 'md5:256ee7137d161f776cda429654135e52',
+            'upload_date': '20241021',
+            'duration': 31.0,
+            'title': 'VIDEO | Israel lanza un nuevo ataque sobre Beirut',
+            'modified_date': '20241021',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1729501530,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://cnn.com/video/?/video/politics/2015/03/27/pkg-arizona-senator-church-attendance-mandatory.ktvk',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://cnn.com/video/?/video/us/2015/04/06/dnt-baker-refuses-anti-gay-order.wkmg',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://edition.cnn.com/videos/arts/2016/04/21/olympic-games-cultural-a-z-brazil.cnn',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://edition.cnn.com/2024/10/16/politics/kamala-harris-fox-news-interview/index.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2024/10/16/politics/kamala-harris-fox-news-interview',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+        'playlist': [{
+            'md5': '073ffab87b8bef97c9913e71cc18ef9e',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'me19d548fdd54df0924087039283128ef473ab397d',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '\'I\'m not finished\': Harris interview with Fox News gets heated',
+                'display_id': 'kamala-harris-fox-news-interview-ebof-digvid',
+                'description': 'md5:e7dd3d1a04df916062230b60ca419a0a',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/harris-20241016234916617.jpg?c=original',
+                'duration': 173.0,
+                'timestamp': 1729122182,
+                'upload_date': '20241016',
+                'modified_timestamp': 1729194706,
+                'modified_date': '20241017',
+            },
+            'params': {'format': 'direct'},
+        }, {
+            'md5': '11604ab4af83b650826753f1ccb8ecff',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'med04507d8ca3da827001f63d22af321ec29c7d97b',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '\'Wise\': Buttigieg on Harris\' handling of interview question about gender transition surgery',
+                'display_id': 'pete-buttigieg-harris-fox-newssrc-digvid',
+                'description': 'md5:602a8a7e853ed5e574acd3159428c98e',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/buttigieg-20241017040412074.jpg?c=original',
+                'duration': 145.0,
+                'timestamp': 1729137765,
+                'upload_date': '20241017',
+                'modified_timestamp': 1729138184,
+                'modified_date': '20241017',
+            },
+            'params': {'format': 'direct'},
+        }],
     }]
 
-    _CONFIG = {
-        # http://edition.cnn.com/.element/apps/cvp/3.0/cfg/spider/cnn/expansion/config.xml
-        'edition': {
-            'data_src': 'http://edition.cnn.com/video/data/3.0/video/%s/index.xml',
-            'media_src': 'http://pmd.cdn.turner.com/cnn/big',
-        },
-        # http://money.cnn.com/.element/apps/cvp2/cfg/config.xml
-        'money': {
-            'data_src': 'http://money.cnn.com/video/data/4.0/video/%s.xml',
-            'media_src': 'http://ht3.cdn.turner.com/money/big',
-        },
-    }
-
-    def _extract_timestamp(self, video_data):
-        # TODO: fix timestamp extraction
-        return None
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        sub_domain, path, page_title = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        if sub_domain not in ('money', 'edition'):
-            sub_domain = 'edition'
-        config = self._CONFIG[sub_domain]
-        return self._extract_cvp_info(
-            config['data_src'] % path, page_title, {
-                'default': {
-                    'media_src': config['media_src'],
-                },
-                'f4m': {
-                    'host': 'cnn-vh.akamaihd.net',
-                },
+        display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('display_id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        app_id = traverse_obj(
+            self._search_json(r'window\.env\s*=', webpage, 'window env', display_id, default={}),
+            ('TOP_AUTH_SERVICE_APP_ID', {str}))
+
+        entries = []
+        for player_data in traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_elements(tag='div', attr='data-component-name', value='video-player', html=True)},
+                ..., {extract_attributes}, all, lambda _, v: v['data-media-id'])):
+            media_id = player_data['data-media-id']
+            parent_uri = player_data.get('data-video-resource-parent-uri')
+            formats, subtitles = [], {}
+
+            video_data = {}
+            if parent_uri:
+                video_data = self._download_json(
+                    'https://fave.api.cnn.io/v1/video', media_id, fatal=False,
+                    query={
+                        'id': media_id,
+                        'stellarUri': parent_uri,
+                    })
+                for direct_url in traverse_obj(video_data, ('files', ..., 'fileUri', {url_or_none})):
+                    resolution, bitrate = None, None
+                    if mobj := re.search(r'-(?P<res>\d+x\d+)_(?P<tbr>\d+)k\.mp4', direct_url):
+                        resolution, bitrate = mobj.group('res', 'tbr')
+                    formats.append({
+                        'url': direct_url,
+                        'format_id': 'direct',
+                        'quality': 1,
+                        'tbr': int_or_none(bitrate),
+                        **parse_resolution(resolution),
+                    })
+                for sub_data in traverse_obj(video_data, (
+                        'closedCaptions', 'types', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['track']['url']), 'track')):
+                    subtitles.setdefault(sub_data.get('lang') or 'en', []).append({
+                        'url': sub_data['url'],
+                        'name': sub_data.get('label'),
+                    })
+
+            if app_id:
+                media_data = self._download_json(
+                    f'https://medium.ngtv.io/v2/media/{media_id}/desktop', media_id, fatal=False,
+                    query={'appId': app_id})
+                m3u8_url = traverse_obj(media_data, (
+                    'media', 'desktop', 'unprotected', 'unencrypted', 'url', {url_or_none}))
+                if m3u8_url:
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        m3u8_url, media_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+            entries.append({
+                **traverse_obj(player_data, {
+                    'title': ('data-headline', {clean_html}),
+                    'description': ('data-description', {clean_html}),
+                    'duration': ('data-duration', {parse_duration}),
+                    'timestamp': ('data-publish-date', {parse_iso8601}),
+                    'thumbnail': (
+                        'data-poster-image-override', {json.loads}, 'big', 'uri', {url_or_none},
+                        {update_url(query='c=original')}),
+                    'display_id': 'data-video-slug',
+                }),
+                **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                    'timestamp': ('dateCreated', 'uts', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                    'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                    'title': ('headline', {str}),
+                    'modified_timestamp': ('lastModified', 'uts', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                    'duration': ('trt', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+                'id': media_id,
+                'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
             })
 
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **entries[0],
+                'display_id': display_id,
+            }
 
-class CNNBlogsIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://[^\.]+\.blogs\.cnn\.com/.+'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://reliablesources.blogs.cnn.com/2014/02/09/criminalizing-journalism/',
-        'md5': '3e56f97b0b6ffb4b79f4ea0749551084',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'bestoftv/2014/02/09/criminalizing-journalism.cnn',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Criminalizing journalism?',
-            'description': 'Glenn Greenwald responds to comments made this week on Capitol Hill that journalists could be criminal accessories.',
-            'upload_date': '20140209',
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
-        'add_ie': ['CNN'],
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, url_basename(url))
-        cnn_url = self._html_search_regex(r'data-url="(.+?)"', webpage, 'cnn url')
-        return self.url_result(cnn_url, CNNIE.ie_key())
-
-
-class CNNArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:edition|www)\.)?cnn\.com/(?!videos?/)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://www.cnn.com/2014/12/21/politics/obama-north-koreas-hack-not-war-but-cyber-vandalism/',
-        'md5': '689034c2a3d9c6dc4aa72d65a81efd01',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'bestoftv/2014/12/21/ip-north-korea-obama.cnn',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Obama: Cyberattack not an act of war',
-            'description': 'md5:0a802a40d2376f60e6b04c8d5bcebc4b',
-            'upload_date': '20141221',
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
-        'add_ie': ['CNN'],
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, url_basename(url))
-        cnn_url = self._html_search_regex(r"video:\s*'([^']+)'", webpage, 'cnn url')
-        return self.url_result('http://cnn.com/video/?/video/' + cnn_url, CNNIE.ie_key())
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id)
 
 
 class CNNIndonesiaIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
index 187f73e7b..4c1bc4cf4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 import collections
 import functools
 import getpass
-import hashlib
 import http.client
 import http.cookiejar
 import http.cookies
@@ -25,16 +24,17 @@
 from ..compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_expanduser,
-    compat_os_name,
     urllib_req_to_req,
 )
 from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
 from ..downloader.f4m import get_base_url, remove_encrypted_media
 from ..downloader.hls import HlsFD
+from ..globals import plugin_ies_overrides
 from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
 from ..networking.exceptions import (
     HTTPError,
     IncompleteRead,
+    TransportError,
     network_exceptions,
 )
 from ..networking.impersonate import ImpersonateTarget
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
     FormatSorter,
     GeoRestrictedError,
     GeoUtils,
+    ISO639Utils,
     LenientJSONDecoder,
     Popen,
     RegexNotFoundError,
@@ -77,7 +78,7 @@
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_m3u8_attributes,
     parse_resolution,
-    sanitize_filename,
+    qualities,
     sanitize_url,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
@@ -99,6 +100,7 @@
     xpath_text,
     xpath_with_ns,
 )
+from ..utils._utils import _request_dump_filename
 
 
 class InfoExtractor:
@@ -200,6 +202,11 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                                             fragment_base_url
                                  * "duration" (optional, int or float)
                                  * "filesize" (optional, int)
+                    * hls_media_playlist_data
+                                 The M3U8 media playlist data as a string.
+                                 Only use if the data must be modified during extraction and
+                                 the native HLS downloader should bypass requesting the URL.
+                                 Does not apply if ffmpeg is used as external downloader
                     * is_from_start  Is a live format that can be downloaded
                                 from the start. Boolean
                     * preference Order number of this format. If this field is
@@ -277,6 +284,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     thumbnails:     A list of dictionaries, with the following entries:
                         * "id" (optional, string) - Thumbnail format ID
                         * "url"
+                        * "ext" (optional, string) - actual image extension if not given in URL
                         * "preference" (optional, int) - quality of the image
                         * "width" (optional, int)
                         * "height" (optional, int)
@@ -332,7 +340,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     like_count:     Number of positive ratings of the video
     dislike_count:  Number of negative ratings of the video
     repost_count:   Number of reposts of the video
-    average_rating: Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
+    average_rating: Average rating given by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
     comment_count:  Number of comments on the video
     comments:       A list of comments, each with one or more of the following
                     properties (all but one of text or html optional):
@@ -519,7 +527,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
     or _extract_from_webpage as necessary. While these are normally classmethods,
     _extract_from_webpage is allowed to be an instance method.
 
-    _extract_from_webpage may raise self.StopExtraction() to stop further
+    _extract_from_webpage may raise self.StopExtraction to stop further
     processing of the webpage and obtain exclusive rights to it. This is useful
     when the extractor cannot reliably be matched using just the URL,
     e.g. invidious/peertube instances
@@ -572,13 +580,13 @@ class InfoExtractor:
 
     def _login_hint(self, method=NO_DEFAULT, netrc=None):
         password_hint = f'--username and --password, --netrc-cmd, or --netrc ({netrc or self._NETRC_MACHINE}) to provide account credentials'
+        cookies_hint = 'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp  for how to manually pass cookies'
         return {
             None: '',
-            'any': f'Use --cookies, --cookies-from-browser, {password_hint}',
+            'any': f'Use --cookies, --cookies-from-browser, {password_hint}. {cookies_hint}',
             'password': f'Use {password_hint}',
-            'cookies': (
-                'Use --cookies-from-browser or --cookies for the authentication. '
-                'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp  for how to manually pass cookies'),
+            'cookies': f'Use --cookies-from-browser or --cookies for the authentication. {cookies_hint}',
+            'session_cookies': f'Use --cookies for the authentication (--cookies-from-browser might not work). {cookies_hint}',
         }[method if method is not NO_DEFAULT else 'any' if self.supports_login() else 'cookies']
 
     def __init__(self, downloader=None):
@@ -965,6 +973,9 @@ def _download_webpage_handle(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=
             return False
         content = self._webpage_read_content(urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note, errnote, fatal,
                                              encoding=encoding, data=data)
+        if content is False:
+            assert not fatal
+            return False
         return (content, urlh)
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1012,23 +1023,6 @@ def __check_blocked(self, content):
                 'Visit http://blocklist.rkn.gov.ru/ for a block reason.',
                 expected=True)
 
-    def _request_dump_filename(self, url, video_id, data=None):
-        if data is not None:
-            data = hashlib.md5(data).hexdigest()
-        basen = join_nonempty(video_id, data, url, delim='_')
-        trim_length = self.get_param('trim_file_name') or 240
-        if len(basen) > trim_length:
-            h = '___' + hashlib.md5(basen.encode()).hexdigest()
-            basen = basen[:trim_length - len(h)] + h
-        filename = sanitize_filename(f'{basen}.dump', restricted=True)
-        # Working around MAX_PATH limitation on Windows (see
-        # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx)
-        if compat_os_name == 'nt':
-            absfilepath = os.path.abspath(filename)
-            if len(absfilepath) > 259:
-                filename = fR'\\?\{absfilepath}'
-        return filename
-
     def __decode_webpage(self, webpage_bytes, encoding, headers):
         if not encoding:
             encoding = self._guess_encoding_from_content(headers.get('Content-Type', ''), webpage_bytes)
@@ -1039,7 +1033,15 @@ def __decode_webpage(self, webpage_bytes, encoding, headers):
 
     def _webpage_read_content(self, urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errnote=None, fatal=True,
                               prefix=None, encoding=None, data=None):
-        webpage_bytes = urlh.read()
+        try:
+            webpage_bytes = urlh.read()
+        except TransportError as err:
+            errmsg = f'{video_id}: Error reading response: {err.msg}'
+            if fatal:
+                raise ExtractorError(errmsg, cause=err)
+            self.report_warning(errmsg)
+            return False
+
         if prefix is not None:
             webpage_bytes = prefix + webpage_bytes
         if self.get_param('dump_intermediate_pages', False):
@@ -1049,7 +1051,9 @@ def _webpage_read_content(self, urlh, url_or_request, video_id, note=None, errno
         if self.get_param('write_pages'):
             if isinstance(url_or_request, Request):
                 data = self._create_request(url_or_request, data).data
-            filename = self._request_dump_filename(urlh.url, video_id, data)
+            filename = _request_dump_filename(
+                urlh.url, video_id, data,
+                trim_length=self.get_param('trim_file_name'))
             self.to_screen(f'Saving request to {filename}')
             with open(filename, 'wb') as outf:
                 outf.write(webpage_bytes)
@@ -1110,7 +1114,9 @@ def download_content(self, url_or_request, video_id, note=note, errnote=errnote,
                              impersonate=None, require_impersonation=False):
             if self.get_param('load_pages'):
                 url_or_request = self._create_request(url_or_request, data, headers, query)
-                filename = self._request_dump_filename(url_or_request.url, video_id, url_or_request.data)
+                filename = _request_dump_filename(
+                    url_or_request.url, video_id, url_or_request.data,
+                    trim_length=self.get_param('trim_file_name'))
                 self.to_screen(f'Loading request from {filename}')
                 try:
                     with open(filename, 'rb') as dumpf:
@@ -1396,6 +1402,13 @@ def _get_netrc_login_info(self, netrc_machine=None):
             return None, None
 
         self.write_debug(f'Using netrc for {netrc_machine} authentication')
+
+        # compat: <=py3.10: netrc cannot parse tokens as empty strings, will return `""` instead
+        # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11413
+        #      https://github.com/python/cpython/commit/15409c720be0503131713e3d3abc1acd0da07378
+        if sys.version_info < (3, 11):
+            return tuple(x if x != '""' else '' for x in info[::2])
+
         return info[0], info[2]
 
     def _get_login_info(self, username_option='username', password_option='password', netrc_machine=None):
@@ -1558,7 +1571,9 @@ def _yield_json_ld(self, html, video_id, *, fatal=True, default=NO_DEFAULT):
         if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
             fatal = False
         for mobj in re.finditer(JSON_LD_RE, html):
-            json_ld_item = self._parse_json(mobj.group('json_ld'), video_id, fatal=fatal)
+            json_ld_item = self._parse_json(
+                mobj.group('json_ld'), video_id, fatal=fatal,
+                errnote=False if default is not NO_DEFAULT else None)
             for json_ld in variadic(json_ld_item):
                 if isinstance(json_ld, dict):
                     yield json_ld
@@ -1698,7 +1713,7 @@ def traverse_json_ld(json_ld, at_top_level=True):
                 rating = traverse_obj(e, ('aggregateRating', 'ratingValue'), expected_type=float_or_none)
                 if rating is not None:
                     info['average_rating'] = rating
-                if is_type(e, 'TVEpisode', 'Episode'):
+                if is_type(e, 'TVEpisode', 'Episode', 'PodcastEpisode'):
                     episode_name = unescapeHTML(e.get('name'))
                     info.update({
                         'episode': episode_name,
@@ -1832,12 +1847,26 @@ def _check_formats(self, formats, video_id):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _remove_duplicate_formats(formats):
-        format_urls = set()
+        seen_urls = set()
+        seen_fragment_urls = set()
         unique_formats = []
         for f in formats:
-            if f['url'] not in format_urls:
-                format_urls.add(f['url'])
+            fragments = f.get('fragments')
+            if callable(fragments):
                 unique_formats.append(f)
+
+            elif fragments:
+                fragment_urls = frozenset(
+                    fragment.get('url') or urljoin(f['fragment_base_url'], fragment['path'])
+                    for fragment in fragments)
+                if fragment_urls not in seen_fragment_urls:
+                    seen_fragment_urls.add(fragment_urls)
+                    unique_formats.append(f)
+
+            elif f['url'] not in seen_urls:
+                seen_urls.add(f['url'])
+                unique_formats.append(f)
+
         formats[:] = unique_formats
 
     def _is_valid_url(self, url, video_id, item='video', headers={}):
@@ -2065,7 +2094,7 @@ def _parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
         has_drm = HlsFD._has_drm(m3u8_doc)
 
         def format_url(url):
-            return url if re.match(r'^https?://', url) else urllib.parse.urljoin(m3u8_url, url)
+            return url if re.match(r'https?://', url) else urllib.parse.urljoin(m3u8_url, url)
 
         if self.get_param('hls_split_discontinuity', False):
             def _extract_m3u8_playlist_indices(manifest_url=None, m3u8_doc=None):
@@ -2149,6 +2178,8 @@ def extract_media(x_media_line):
             media_url = media.get('URI')
             if media_url:
                 manifest_url = format_url(media_url)
+                is_audio = media_type == 'AUDIO'
+                is_alternate = media.get('DEFAULT') == 'NO' or media.get('AUTOSELECT') == 'NO'
                 formats.extend({
                     'format_id': join_nonempty(m3u8_id, group_id, name, idx),
                     'format_note': name,
@@ -2161,7 +2192,11 @@ def extract_media(x_media_line):
                     'preference': preference,
                     'quality': quality,
                     'has_drm': has_drm,
-                    'vcodec': 'none' if media_type == 'AUDIO' else None,
+                    'vcodec': 'none' if is_audio else None,
+                    # Alternate audio formats (e.g. audio description) should be deprioritized
+                    'source_preference': -2 if is_audio and is_alternate else None,
+                    # Save this to assign source_preference based on associated video stream
+                    '_audio_group_id': group_id if is_audio and not is_alternate else None,
                 } for idx in _extract_m3u8_playlist_indices(manifest_url))
 
         def build_stream_name():
@@ -2256,6 +2291,8 @@ def build_stream_name():
                     # ignore references to rendition groups and treat them
                     # as complete formats.
                     if audio_group_id and codecs and f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
+                        # Save this to determine quality of audio formats that only have a GROUP-ID
+                        f['_audio_group_id'] = audio_group_id
                         audio_group = groups.get(audio_group_id)
                         if audio_group and audio_group[0].get('URI'):
                             # TODO: update acodec for audio only formats with
@@ -2278,6 +2315,28 @@ def build_stream_name():
                         formats.append(http_f)
 
                 last_stream_inf = {}
+
+        # Some audio-only formats only have a GROUP-ID without any other quality/bitrate/codec info
+        # Each audio GROUP-ID corresponds with one or more video formats' AUDIO attribute
+        # For sorting purposes, set source_preference based on the quality of the video formats they are grouped with
+        # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11178
+        audio_groups_by_quality = orderedSet(f['_audio_group_id'] for f in sorted(
+            traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: v.get('vcodec') != 'none' and v['_audio_group_id']),
+            key=lambda x: (x.get('tbr') or 0, x.get('width') or 0)))
+        audio_quality_map = {
+            audio_groups_by_quality[0]: 'low',
+            audio_groups_by_quality[-1]: 'high',
+        } if len(audio_groups_by_quality) > 1 else None
+        audio_preference = qualities(audio_groups_by_quality)
+        for fmt in formats:
+            audio_group_id = fmt.pop('_audio_group_id', None)
+            if not audio_quality_map or not audio_group_id or fmt.get('vcodec') != 'none':
+                continue
+            # Use source_preference since quality and preference are set by params
+            fmt['source_preference'] = audio_preference(audio_group_id)
+            fmt['format_note'] = join_nonempty(
+                fmt.get('format_note'), audio_quality_map.get(audio_group_id), delim=', ')
+
         return formats, subtitles
 
     def _extract_m3u8_vod_duration(
@@ -2800,11 +2859,11 @@ def extract_Initialization(source):
                         base_url_e = element.find(_add_ns('BaseURL'))
                         if try_call(lambda: base_url_e.text) is not None:
                             base_url = base_url_e.text + base_url
-                            if re.match(r'^https?://', base_url):
+                            if re.match(r'https?://', base_url):
                                 break
                     if mpd_base_url and base_url.startswith('/'):
                         base_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(mpd_base_url, base_url)
-                    elif mpd_base_url and not re.match(r'^https?://', base_url):
+                    elif mpd_base_url and not re.match(r'https?://', base_url):
                         if not mpd_base_url.endswith('/'):
                             mpd_base_url += '/'
                         base_url = mpd_base_url + base_url
@@ -2894,7 +2953,7 @@ def prepare_template(template_name, identifiers):
                         }
 
                     def location_key(location):
-                        return 'url' if re.match(r'^https?://', location) else 'path'
+                        return 'url' if re.match(r'https?://', location) else 'path'
 
                     if 'segment_urls' not in representation_ms_info and 'media' in representation_ms_info:
 
@@ -2907,8 +2966,7 @@ def location_key(location):
                             segment_duration = None
                             if 'total_number' not in representation_ms_info and 'segment_duration' in representation_ms_info:
                                 segment_duration = float_or_none(representation_ms_info['segment_duration'], representation_ms_info['timescale'])
-                                representation_ms_info['total_number'] = int(math.ceil(
-                                    float_or_none(period_duration, segment_duration, default=0)))
+                                representation_ms_info['total_number'] = math.ceil(float_or_none(period_duration, segment_duration, default=0))
                             representation_ms_info['fragments'] = [{
                                 media_location_key: media_template % {
                                     'Number': segment_number,
@@ -3059,7 +3117,11 @@ def _parse_ism_formats_and_subtitles(self, ism_doc, ism_url, ism_id=None):
             url_pattern = stream.attrib['Url']
             stream_timescale = int_or_none(stream.get('TimeScale')) or timescale
             stream_name = stream.get('Name')
-            stream_language = stream.get('Language', 'und')
+            # IsmFD expects ISO 639 Set 2 language codes (3-character length)
+            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11356
+            stream_language = stream.get('Language') or 'und'
+            if len(stream_language) != 3:
+                stream_language = ISO639Utils.short2long(stream_language) or 'und'
             for track in stream.findall('QualityLevel'):
                 KNOWN_TAGS = {'255': 'AACL', '65534': 'EC-3'}
                 fourcc = track.get('FourCC') or KNOWN_TAGS.get(track.get('AudioTag'))
@@ -3489,7 +3551,7 @@ def _parse_jwplayer_formats(self, jwplayer_sources_data, video_id=None,
                 continue
             urls.add(source_url)
             source_type = source.get('type') or ''
-            ext = mimetype2ext(source_type) or determine_ext(source_url)
+            ext = determine_ext(source_url, default_ext=mimetype2ext(source_type))
             if source_type == 'hls' or ext == 'm3u8' or 'format=m3u8-aapl' in source_url:
                 formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     source_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
@@ -3741,7 +3803,7 @@ def _merge_subtitles(cls, *dicts, target=None):
         """ Merge subtitle dictionaries, language by language. """
         if target is None:
             target = {}
-        for d in dicts:
+        for d in filter(None, dicts):
             for lang, subs in d.items():
                 target[lang] = cls._merge_subtitle_items(target.get(lang, []), subs)
         return target
@@ -3763,7 +3825,7 @@ def _cookies_passed(self):
     def mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
         if not self.get_param('mark_watched', False):
             return
-        if self.supports_login() and self._get_login_info()[0] is not None or self._cookies_passed:
+        if (self.supports_login() and self._get_login_info()[0] is not None) or self._cookies_passed:
             self._mark_watched(*args, **kwargs)
 
     def _mark_watched(self, *args, **kwargs):
@@ -3923,14 +3985,18 @@ def _extract_url(cls, webpage):  # TODO: Remove
     def __init_subclass__(cls, *, plugin_name=None, **kwargs):
         if plugin_name:
             mro = inspect.getmro(cls)
-            super_class = cls.__wrapped__ = mro[mro.index(cls) + 1]
-            cls.PLUGIN_NAME, cls.ie_key = plugin_name, super_class.ie_key
-            cls.IE_NAME = f'{super_class.IE_NAME}+{plugin_name}'
+            next_mro_class = super_class = mro[mro.index(cls) + 1]
+
             while getattr(super_class, '__wrapped__', None):
                 super_class = super_class.__wrapped__
-            setattr(sys.modules[super_class.__module__], super_class.__name__, cls)
-            _PLUGIN_OVERRIDES[super_class].append(cls)
 
+            if not any(override.PLUGIN_NAME == plugin_name for override in plugin_ies_overrides.value[super_class]):
+                cls.__wrapped__ = next_mro_class
+                cls.PLUGIN_NAME, cls.ie_key = plugin_name, next_mro_class.ie_key
+                cls.IE_NAME = f'{next_mro_class.IE_NAME}+{plugin_name}'
+
+                setattr(sys.modules[super_class.__module__], super_class.__name__, cls)
+                plugin_ies_overrides.value[super_class].append(cls)
         return super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)
 
 
@@ -3986,6 +4052,3 @@ class UnsupportedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         raise UnsupportedError(url)
-
-
-_PLUGIN_OVERRIDES = collections.defaultdict(list)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py
index 9c02cd342..0c84cfdab 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/condenast.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     parse_iso8601,
     strip_or_none,
     try_get,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -112,8 +113,7 @@ def _extract_series(self, url, webpage):
         m_paths = re.finditer(
             r'(?s)<p class="cne-thumb-title">.*?<a href="(/watch/.+?)["\?]', webpage)
         paths = orderedSet(m.group(1) for m in m_paths)
-        build_url = lambda path: urllib.parse.urljoin(base_url, path)
-        entries = [self.url_result(build_url(path), 'CondeNast') for path in paths]
+        entries = [self.url_result(urljoin(base_url, path), 'CondeNast') for path in paths]
         return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_title=title)
 
     def _extract_video_params(self, webpage, display_id):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/crowdbunker.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/crowdbunker.py
index bf814570f..ca0323431 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/crowdbunker.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/crowdbunker.py
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@
     int_or_none,
     try_get,
     unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class CrowdBunkerIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -44,16 +46,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'url': sub_url,
             })
 
-        mpd_url = try_get(video_json, lambda x: x['dashManifest']['url'])
-        if mpd_url:
-            fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(mpd_url, video_id)
+        if mpd_url := traverse_obj(video_json, ('dashManifest', 'url', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(mpd_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
             formats.extend(fmts)
-            subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
-        m3u8_url = try_get(video_json, lambda x: x['hlsManifest']['url'])
-        if m3u8_url:
-            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(mpd_url, video_id)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        if m3u8_url := traverse_obj(video_json, ('hlsManifest', 'url', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
             formats.extend(fmts)
-            subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
 
         thumbnails = [{
             'url': image['url'],
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1b124c655..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/crunchyroll.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,692 +0,0 @@
-import base64
-import uuid
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..networking import Request
-from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    float_or_none,
-    format_field,
-    int_or_none,
-    jwt_decode_hs256,
-    parse_age_limit,
-    parse_count,
-    parse_iso8601,
-    qualities,
-    time_seconds,
-    traverse_obj,
-    url_or_none,
-    urlencode_postdata,
-)
-
-
-class CrunchyrollBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _BASE_URL = 'https://www.crunchyroll.com'
-    _API_BASE = 'https://api.crunchyroll.com'
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'crunchyroll'
-    _SWITCH_USER_AGENT = 'Crunchyroll/1.8.0 Nintendo Switch/12.3.12.0 UE4/4.27'
-    _REFRESH_TOKEN = None
-    _AUTH_HEADERS = None
-    _AUTH_EXPIRY = None
-    _API_ENDPOINT = None
-    _BASIC_AUTH = 'Basic ' + base64.b64encode(':'.join((
-        't-kdgp2h8c3jub8fn0fq',
-        'yfLDfMfrYvKXh4JXS1LEI2cCqu1v5Wan',
-    )).encode()).decode()
-    _IS_PREMIUM = None
-    _LOCALE_LOOKUP = {
-        'ar': 'ar-SA',
-        'de': 'de-DE',
-        '': 'en-US',
-        'es': 'es-419',
-        'es-es': 'es-ES',
-        'fr': 'fr-FR',
-        'it': 'it-IT',
-        'pt-br': 'pt-BR',
-        'pt-pt': 'pt-PT',
-        'ru': 'ru-RU',
-        'hi': 'hi-IN',
-    }
-
-    def _set_auth_info(self, response):
-        CrunchyrollBaseIE._IS_PREMIUM = 'cr_premium' in traverse_obj(response, ('access_token', {jwt_decode_hs256}, 'benefits', ...))
-        CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS = {'Authorization': response['token_type'] + ' ' + response['access_token']}
-        CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_EXPIRY = time_seconds(seconds=traverse_obj(response, ('expires_in', {float_or_none}), default=300) - 10)
-
-    def _request_token(self, headers, data, note='Requesting token', errnote='Failed to request token'):
-        try:
-            return self._download_json(
-                f'{self._BASE_URL}/auth/v1/token', None, note=note, errnote=errnote,
-                headers=headers, data=urlencode_postdata(data), impersonate=True)
-        except ExtractorError as error:
-            if not isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) or error.cause.status != 403:
-                raise
-            if target := error.cause.response.extensions.get('impersonate'):
-                raise ExtractorError(f'Got HTTP Error 403 when using impersonate target "{target}"')
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'Request blocked by Cloudflare. '
-                'Install the required impersonation dependency if possible, '
-                'or else navigate to Crunchyroll in your browser, '
-                'then pass the fresh cookies (with --cookies-from-browser or --cookies) '
-                'and your browser\'s User-Agent (with --user-agent)', expected=True)
-
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        if not CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
-            CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, username)
-        if CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
-            return
-
-        try:
-            login_response = self._request_token(
-                headers={'Authorization': self._BASIC_AUTH}, data={
-                    'username': username,
-                    'password': password,
-                    'grant_type': 'password',
-                    'scope': 'offline_access',
-                }, note='Logging in', errnote='Failed to log in')
-        except ExtractorError as error:
-            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 401:
-                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username and/or password', expected=True)
-            raise
-
-        CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN = login_response['refresh_token']
-        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, username, CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN)
-        self._set_auth_info(login_response)
-
-    def _update_auth(self):
-        if CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS and CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_EXPIRY > time_seconds():
-            return
-
-        auth_headers = {'Authorization': self._BASIC_AUTH}
-        if CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
-            data = {
-                'refresh_token': CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN,
-                'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
-                'scope': 'offline_access',
-            }
-        else:
-            data = {'grant_type': 'client_id'}
-            auth_headers['ETP-Anonymous-ID'] = uuid.uuid4()
-        try:
-            auth_response = self._request_token(auth_headers, data)
-        except ExtractorError as error:
-            username, password = self._get_login_info()
-            if not username or not isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) or error.cause.status != 400:
-                raise
-            self.to_screen('Refresh token has expired. Re-logging in')
-            CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN = None
-            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, username, None)
-            self._perform_login(username, password)
-            return
-
-        self._set_auth_info(auth_response)
-
-    def _locale_from_language(self, language):
-        config_locale = self._configuration_arg('metadata', ie_key=CrunchyrollBetaIE, casesense=True)
-        return config_locale[0] if config_locale else self._LOCALE_LOOKUP.get(language)
-
-    def _call_base_api(self, endpoint, internal_id, lang, note=None, query={}):
-        self._update_auth()
-
-        if not endpoint.startswith('/'):
-            endpoint = f'/{endpoint}'
-
-        query = query.copy()
-        locale = self._locale_from_language(lang)
-        if locale:
-            query['locale'] = locale
-
-        return self._download_json(
-            f'{self._BASE_URL}{endpoint}', internal_id, note or f'Calling API: {endpoint}',
-            headers=CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS, query=query)
-
-    def _call_api(self, path, internal_id, lang, note='api', query={}):
-        if not path.startswith(f'/content/v2/{self._API_ENDPOINT}/'):
-            path = f'/content/v2/{self._API_ENDPOINT}/{path}'
-
-        try:
-            result = self._call_base_api(
-                path, internal_id, lang, f'Downloading {note} JSON ({self._API_ENDPOINT})', query=query)
-        except ExtractorError as error:
-            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 404:
-                return None
-            raise
-
-        if not result:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Unexpected response when downloading {note} JSON')
-        return result
-
-    def _extract_chapters(self, internal_id):
-        # if no skip events are available, a 403 xml error is returned
-        skip_events = self._download_json(
-            f'https://static.crunchyroll.com/skip-events/production/{internal_id}.json',
-            internal_id, note='Downloading chapter info', fatal=False, errnote=False)
-        if not skip_events:
-            return None
-
-        chapters = []
-        for event in ('recap', 'intro', 'credits', 'preview'):
-            start = traverse_obj(skip_events, (event, 'start', {float_or_none}))
-            end = traverse_obj(skip_events, (event, 'end', {float_or_none}))
-            # some chapters have no start and/or ending time, they will just be ignored
-            if start is None or end is None:
-                continue
-            chapters.append({'title': event.capitalize(), 'start_time': start, 'end_time': end})
-
-        return chapters
-
-    def _extract_stream(self, identifier, display_id=None):
-        if not display_id:
-            display_id = identifier
-
-        self._update_auth()
-        headers = {**CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS, 'User-Agent': self._SWITCH_USER_AGENT}
-        try:
-            stream_response = self._download_json(
-                f'https://cr-play-service.prd.crunchyrollsvc.com/v1/{identifier}/console/switch/play',
-                display_id, note='Downloading stream info', errnote='Failed to download stream info', headers=headers)
-        except ExtractorError as error:
-            if self.get_param('ignore_no_formats_error'):
-                self.report_warning(error.orig_msg)
-                return [], {}
-            elif isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 420:
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    'You have reached the rate-limit for active streams; try again later', expected=True)
-            raise
-
-        available_formats = {'': ('', '', stream_response['url'])}
-        for hardsub_lang, stream in traverse_obj(stream_response, ('hardSubs', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: v[1]['url'])):
-            available_formats[hardsub_lang] = (f'hardsub-{hardsub_lang}', hardsub_lang, stream['url'])
-
-        requested_hardsubs = [('' if val == 'none' else val) for val in (self._configuration_arg('hardsub') or ['none'])]
-        hardsub_langs = [lang for lang in available_formats if lang]
-        if hardsub_langs and 'all' not in requested_hardsubs:
-            full_format_langs = set(requested_hardsubs)
-            self.to_screen(f'Available hardsub languages: {", ".join(hardsub_langs)}')
-            self.to_screen(
-                'To extract formats of a hardsub language, use '
-                '"--extractor-args crunchyrollbeta:hardsub=<language_code or all>". '
-                'See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#crunchyrollbeta-crunchyroll for more info',
-                only_once=True)
-        else:
-            full_format_langs = set(map(str.lower, available_formats))
-
-        audio_locale = traverse_obj(stream_response, ('audioLocale', {str}))
-        hardsub_preference = qualities(requested_hardsubs[::-1])
-        formats, subtitles = [], {}
-        for format_id, hardsub_lang, stream_url in available_formats.values():
-            if hardsub_lang.lower() in full_format_langs:
-                adaptive_formats, dash_subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    stream_url, display_id, mpd_id=format_id, headers=CrunchyrollBaseIE._AUTH_HEADERS,
-                    fatal=False, note=f'Downloading {f"{format_id} " if hardsub_lang else ""}MPD manifest')
-                self._merge_subtitles(dash_subs, target=subtitles)
-            else:
-                continue  # XXX: Update this if meta mpd formats work; will be tricky with token invalidation
-            for f in adaptive_formats:
-                if f.get('acodec') != 'none':
-                    f['language'] = audio_locale
-                f['quality'] = hardsub_preference(hardsub_lang.lower())
-            formats.extend(adaptive_formats)
-
-        for locale, subtitle in traverse_obj(stream_response, (('subtitles', 'captions'), {dict.items}, ...)):
-            subtitles.setdefault(locale, []).append(traverse_obj(subtitle, {'url': 'url', 'ext': 'format'}))
-
-        # Invalidate stream token to avoid rate-limit
-        error_msg = 'Unable to invalidate stream token; you may experience rate-limiting'
-        if stream_token := stream_response.get('token'):
-            self._request_webpage(Request(
-                f'https://cr-play-service.prd.crunchyrollsvc.com/v1/token/{identifier}/{stream_token}/inactive',
-                headers=headers, method='PATCH'), display_id, 'Invalidating stream token', error_msg, fatal=False)
-        else:
-            self.report_warning(error_msg)
-
-        return formats, subtitles
-
-
-class CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
-    _API_ENDPOINT = 'cms'
-    _CMS_EXPIRY = None
-
-    def _call_cms_api_signed(self, path, internal_id, lang, note='api'):
-        if not CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_EXPIRY or CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_EXPIRY <= time_seconds():
-            response = self._call_base_api('index/v2', None, lang, 'Retrieving signed policy')['cms_web']
-            CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_QUERY = {
-                'Policy': response['policy'],
-                'Signature': response['signature'],
-                'Key-Pair-Id': response['key_pair_id'],
-            }
-            CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_BUCKET = response['bucket']
-            CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_EXPIRY = parse_iso8601(response['expires']) - 10
-
-        if not path.startswith('/cms/v2'):
-            path = f'/cms/v2{CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_BUCKET}/{path}'
-
-        return self._call_base_api(
-            path, internal_id, lang, f'Downloading {note} JSON (signed cms)', query=CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE._CMS_QUERY)
-
-
-class CrunchyrollBetaIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        https?://(?:beta\.|www\.)?crunchyroll\.com/
-        (?:(?P<lang>\w{2}(?:-\w{2})?)/)?
-        watch/(?!concert|musicvideo)(?P<id>\w+)'''
-    _TESTS = [{
-        # Premium only
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GY2P1Q98Y/to-the-future',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'GY2P1Q98Y',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'duration': 1380.241,
-            'timestamp': 1459632600,
-            'description': 'md5:a022fbec4fbb023d43631032c91ed64b',
-            'title': 'World Trigger Episode 73 – To the Future',
-            'upload_date': '20160402',
-            'series': 'World Trigger',
-            'series_id': 'GR757DMKY',
-            'season': 'World Trigger',
-            'season_id': 'GR9P39NJ6',
-            'season_number': 1,
-            'episode': 'To the Future',
-            'episode_number': 73,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
-            'chapters': 'count:2',
-            'age_limit': 14,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'dislike_count': int,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
-            'extractor_args': {'crunchyrollbeta': {'hardsub': ['de-DE']}},
-            'format': 'bv[format_id~=hardsub]',
-        },
-    }, {
-        # Premium only
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GYE5WKQGR',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'GYE5WKQGR',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'duration': 366.459,
-            'timestamp': 1476788400,
-            'description': 'md5:74b67283ffddd75f6e224ca7dc031e76',
-            'title': 'SHELTER – Porter Robinson presents Shelter the Animation',
-            'upload_date': '20161018',
-            'series': 'SHELTER',
-            'series_id': 'GYGG09WWY',
-            'season': 'SHELTER',
-            'season_id': 'GR09MGK4R',
-            'season_number': 1,
-            'episode': 'Porter Robinson presents Shelter the Animation',
-            'episode_number': 0,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
-            'age_limit': 14,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'dislike_count': int,
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': True},
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GJWU2VKK3/cherry-blossom-meeting-and-a-coming-blizzard',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'GJWU2VKK3',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'duration': 1420.054,
-            'description': 'md5:2d1c67c0ec6ae514d9c30b0b99a625cd',
-            'title': 'The Ice Guy and His Cool Female Colleague Episode 1 – Cherry Blossom Meeting and a Coming Blizzard',
-            'series': 'The Ice Guy and His Cool Female Colleague',
-            'series_id': 'GW4HM75NP',
-            'season': 'The Ice Guy and His Cool Female Colleague',
-            'season_id': 'GY9PC21VE',
-            'season_number': 1,
-            'episode': 'Cherry Blossom Meeting and a Coming Blizzard',
-            'episode_number': 1,
-            'chapters': 'count:2',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
-            'timestamp': 1672839000,
-            'upload_date': '20230104',
-            'age_limit': 14,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'dislike_count': int,
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GM8F313NQ',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'GM8F313NQ',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Garakowa -Restore the World-',
-            'description': 'md5:8d2f8b6b9dd77d87810882e7d2ee5608',
-            'duration': 3996.104,
-            'age_limit': 13,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-        'skip': 'no longer exists',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/G62PEZ2E6',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'G62PEZ2E6',
-            'description': 'md5:8d2f8b6b9dd77d87810882e7d2ee5608',
-            'age_limit': 13,
-            'duration': 65.138,
-            'title': 'Garakowa -Restore the World-',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 5,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/de/watch/GY2P1Q98Y',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://beta.crunchyroll.com/pt-br/watch/G8WUN8VKP/the-ruler-of-conspiracy',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    # We want to support lazy playlist filtering and movie listings cannot be inside a playlist
-    _RETURN_TYPE = 'video'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        lang, internal_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
-
-        # We need to use unsigned API call to allow ratings query string
-        response = traverse_obj(self._call_api(
-            f'objects/{internal_id}', internal_id, lang, 'object info', {'ratings': 'true'}), ('data', 0, {dict}))
-        if not response:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'No video with id {internal_id} could be found (possibly region locked?)', expected=True)
-
-        object_type = response.get('type')
-        if object_type == 'episode':
-            result = self._transform_episode_response(response)
-
-        elif object_type == 'movie':
-            result = self._transform_movie_response(response)
-
-        elif object_type == 'movie_listing':
-            first_movie_id = traverse_obj(response, ('movie_listing_metadata', 'first_movie_id'))
-            if not self._yes_playlist(internal_id, first_movie_id):
-                return self.url_result(f'{self._BASE_URL}/{lang}watch/{first_movie_id}', CrunchyrollBetaIE, first_movie_id)
-
-            def entries():
-                movies = self._call_api(f'movie_listings/{internal_id}/movies', internal_id, lang, 'movie list')
-                for movie_response in traverse_obj(movies, ('data', ...)):
-                    yield self.url_result(
-                        f'{self._BASE_URL}/{lang}watch/{movie_response["id"]}',
-                        CrunchyrollBetaIE, **self._transform_movie_response(movie_response))
-
-            return self.playlist_result(entries(), **self._transform_movie_response(response))
-
-        else:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Unknown object type {object_type}')
-
-        if not self._IS_PREMIUM and traverse_obj(response, (f'{object_type}_metadata', 'is_premium_only')):
-            message = f'This {object_type} is for premium members only'
-            if CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
-                self.raise_no_formats(message, expected=True, video_id=internal_id)
-            else:
-                self.raise_login_required(message, method='password', metadata_available=True)
-        else:
-            result['formats'], result['subtitles'] = self._extract_stream(internal_id)
-
-        result['chapters'] = self._extract_chapters(internal_id)
-
-        def calculate_count(item):
-            return parse_count(''.join((item['displayed'], item.get('unit') or '')))
-
-        result.update(traverse_obj(response, ('rating', {
-            'like_count': ('up', {calculate_count}),
-            'dislike_count': ('down', {calculate_count}),
-        })))
-
-        return result
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _transform_episode_response(data):
-        metadata = traverse_obj(data, (('episode_metadata', None), {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
-        return {
-            'id': data['id'],
-            'title': ' \u2013 '.join((
-                ('{}{}'.format(
-                    format_field(metadata, 'season_title'),
-                    format_field(metadata, 'episode', ' Episode %s'))),
-                format_field(data, 'title'))),
-            **traverse_obj(data, {
-                'episode': ('title', {str}),
-                'description': ('description', {str}, {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n')}),
-                'thumbnails': ('images', 'thumbnail', ..., ..., {
-                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
-                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
-                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
-                }),
-            }),
-            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
-                'duration': ('duration_ms', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
-                'timestamp': ('upload_date', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'series': ('series_title', {str}),
-                'series_id': ('series_id', {str}),
-                'season': ('season_title', {str}),
-                'season_id': ('season_id', {str}),
-                'season_number': ('season_number', ({int}, {float_or_none})),
-                'episode_number': ('sequence_number', ({int}, {float_or_none})),
-                'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
-                'language': ('audio_locale', {str}),
-            }, get_all=False),
-        }
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _transform_movie_response(data):
-        metadata = traverse_obj(data, (('movie_metadata', 'movie_listing_metadata', None), {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
-        return {
-            'id': data['id'],
-            **traverse_obj(data, {
-                'title': ('title', {str}),
-                'description': ('description', {str}, {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n')}),
-                'thumbnails': ('images', 'thumbnail', ..., ..., {
-                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
-                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
-                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
-                }),
-            }),
-            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
-                'duration': ('duration_ms', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}),
-                'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
-            }),
-        }
-
-
-class CrunchyrollBetaShowIE(CrunchyrollCmsBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll:playlist'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        https?://(?:beta\.|www\.)?crunchyroll\.com/
-        (?P<lang>(?:\w{2}(?:-\w{2})?/)?)
-        series/(?P<id>\w+)'''
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/series/GY19NQ2QR/Girl-Friend-BETA',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'GY19NQ2QR',
-            'title': 'Girl Friend BETA',
-            'description': 'md5:99c1b22ee30a74b536a8277ced8eb750',
-            # XXX: `thumbnail` does not get set from `thumbnails` in playlist
-            #  'thumbnail': r're:^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
-            'age_limit': 14,
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 10,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://beta.crunchyroll.com/it/series/GY19NQ2QR',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        lang, internal_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
-
-        def entries():
-            seasons_response = self._call_cms_api_signed(f'seasons?series_id={internal_id}', internal_id, lang, 'seasons')
-            for season in traverse_obj(seasons_response, ('items', ..., {dict})):
-                episodes_response = self._call_cms_api_signed(
-                    f'episodes?season_id={season["id"]}', season['id'], lang, 'episode list')
-                for episode_response in traverse_obj(episodes_response, ('items', ..., {dict})):
-                    yield self.url_result(
-                        f'{self._BASE_URL}/{lang}watch/{episode_response["id"]}',
-                        CrunchyrollBetaIE, **CrunchyrollBetaIE._transform_episode_response(episode_response))
-
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            entries(), internal_id,
-            **traverse_obj(self._call_api(f'series/{internal_id}', internal_id, lang, 'series'), ('data', 0, {
-                'title': ('title', {str}),
-                'description': ('description', {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n')}),
-                'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
-                'thumbnails': ('images', ..., ..., ..., {
-                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
-                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
-                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
-                }),
-            })))
-
-
-class CrunchyrollMusicIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll:music'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        https?://(?:www\.)?crunchyroll\.com/
-        (?P<lang>(?:\w{2}(?:-\w{2})?/)?)
-        watch/(?P<type>concert|musicvideo)/(?P<id>\w+)'''
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/de/watch/musicvideo/MV5B02C79',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'id': 'MV5B02C79',
-            'display_id': 'egaono-hana',
-            'title': 'Egaono Hana',
-            'track': 'Egaono Hana',
-            'artists': ['Goose house'],
-            'thumbnail': r're:(?i)^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
-            'genres': ['J-Pop'],
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/musicvideo/MV88BB7F2C',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'id': 'MV88BB7F2C',
-            'display_id': 'crossing-field',
-            'title': 'Crossing Field',
-            'track': 'Crossing Field',
-            'artists': ['LiSA'],
-            'thumbnail': r're:(?i)^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
-            'genres': ['Anime'],
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-        'skip': 'no longer exists',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/concert/MC2E2AC135',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'id': 'MC2E2AC135',
-            'display_id': 'live-is-smile-always-364joker-at-yokohama-arena',
-            'title': 'LiVE is Smile Always-364+JOKER- at YOKOHAMA ARENA',
-            'track': 'LiVE is Smile Always-364+JOKER- at YOKOHAMA ARENA',
-            'artists': ['LiSA'],
-            'thumbnail': r're:(?i)^https://www.crunchyroll.com/imgsrv/.*\.jpeg?$',
-            'description': 'md5:747444e7e6300907b7a43f0a0503072e',
-            'genres': ['J-Pop'],
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/de/watch/musicvideo/MV5B02C79/egaono-hana',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/concert/MC2E2AC135/live-is-smile-always-364joker-at-yokohama-arena',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/musicvideo/MV88BB7F2C/crossing-field',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    _API_ENDPOINT = 'music'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        lang, internal_id, object_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id', 'type')
-        path, name = {
-            'concert': ('concerts', 'concert info'),
-            'musicvideo': ('music_videos', 'music video info'),
-        }[object_type]
-        response = traverse_obj(self._call_api(f'{path}/{internal_id}', internal_id, lang, name), ('data', 0, {dict}))
-        if not response:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'No video with id {internal_id} could be found (possibly region locked?)', expected=True)
-
-        result = self._transform_music_response(response)
-
-        if not self._IS_PREMIUM and response.get('isPremiumOnly'):
-            message = f'This {response.get("type") or "media"} is for premium members only'
-            if CrunchyrollBaseIE._REFRESH_TOKEN:
-                self.raise_no_formats(message, expected=True, video_id=internal_id)
-            else:
-                self.raise_login_required(message, method='password', metadata_available=True)
-        else:
-            result['formats'], _ = self._extract_stream(f'music/{internal_id}', internal_id)
-
-        return result
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _transform_music_response(data):
-        return {
-            'id': data['id'],
-            **traverse_obj(data, {
-                'display_id': 'slug',
-                'title': 'title',
-                'track': 'title',
-                'artists': ('artist', 'name', all),
-                'description': ('description', {str}, {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n') or None}),
-                'thumbnails': ('images', ..., ..., {
-                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
-                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
-                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
-                }),
-                'genres': ('genres', ..., 'displayValue'),
-                'age_limit': ('maturity_ratings', -1, {parse_age_limit}),
-            }),
-        }
-
-
-class CrunchyrollArtistIE(CrunchyrollBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'crunchyroll:artist'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        https?://(?:www\.)?crunchyroll\.com/
-        (?P<lang>(?:\w{2}(?:-\w{2})?/)?)
-        artist/(?P<id>\w{10})'''
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/artist/MA179CB50D',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'MA179CB50D',
-            'title': 'LiSA',
-            'genres': ['Anime', 'J-Pop', 'Rock'],
-            'description': 'md5:16d87de61a55c3f7d6c454b73285938e',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 83,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/artist/MA179CB50D/lisa',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    _API_ENDPOINT = 'music'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        lang, internal_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
-        response = traverse_obj(self._call_api(
-            f'artists/{internal_id}', internal_id, lang, 'artist info'), ('data', 0))
-
-        def entries():
-            for attribute, path in [('concerts', 'concert'), ('videos', 'musicvideo')]:
-                for internal_id in traverse_obj(response, (attribute, ...)):
-                    yield self.url_result(f'{self._BASE_URL}/watch/{path}/{internal_id}', CrunchyrollMusicIE, internal_id)
-
-        return self.playlist_result(entries(), **self._transform_artist_response(response))
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _transform_artist_response(data):
-        return {
-            'id': data['id'],
-            **traverse_obj(data, {
-                'title': 'name',
-                'description': ('description', {str}, {lambda x: x.replace(r'\r\n', '\n')}),
-                'thumbnails': ('images', ..., ..., {
-                    'url': ('source', {url_or_none}),
-                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
-                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
-                }),
-                'genres': ('genres', ..., 'displayValue'),
-            }),
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py
index ebed9eb2d..6d33f85e4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ctvnews.py
@@ -1,14 +1,27 @@
+import json
 import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import orderedSet
+from .ninecninemedia import NineCNineMediaIE
+from ..utils import extract_attributes, orderedSet
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:.+?\.)?ctvnews\.ca/(?:video\?(?:clip|playlist|bin)Id=|.*?)(?P<id>[0-9.]+)'
+    _BASE_REGEX = r'https?://(?:[^.]+\.)?ctvnews\.ca/'
+    _VIDEO_ID_RE = r'(?P<id>\d{5,})'
+    _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?P<id>\d\.\d{5,})'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}video/c{_VIDEO_ID_RE}',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}video(?:-gallery)?/?\?clipId={_VIDEO_ID_RE}',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}video/?\?(?:playlist|bin)Id={_PLAYLIST_ID_RE}',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}(?!video/)[^?#]*?{_PLAYLIST_ID_RE}/?(?:$|[?#])',
+        rf'{_BASE_REGEX}(?!video/)[^?#]+\?binId={_PLAYLIST_ID_RE}',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.ctvnews.ca/video?clipId=901995',
-        'md5': '9b8624ba66351a23e0b6e1391971f9af',
+        'md5': 'b608f466c7fa24b9666c6439d766ab7e',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '901995',
             'ext': 'flv',
@@ -16,6 +29,33 @@ class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:958dd3b4f5bbbf0ed4d045c790d89285',
             'timestamp': 1467286284,
             'upload_date': '20160630',
+            'categories': [],
+            'season_number': 0,
+            'season': 'Season 0',
+            'tags': [],
+            'series': 'CTV News National | Archive | Stories 2',
+            'season_id': '57981',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'duration': 764.631,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://barrie.ctvnews.ca/video/c3030933-here_s-what_s-making-news-for-nov--15?binId=1272429',
+        'md5': '8b8c2b33c5c1803e3c26bc74ff8694d5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3030933',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'title': 'Here’s what’s making news for Nov. 15',
+            'description': 'Here are the top stories we’re working on for CTV News at 11 for Nov. 15',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2021_2_22_a602e68e-1514-410e-a67a-e1f7cccbacab_png_2000x1125.jpg',
+            'season_id': '58104',
+            'season_number': 0,
+            'tags': [],
+            'season': 'Season 0',
+            'categories': [],
+            'series': 'CTV News Barrie',
+            'upload_date': '20241116',
+            'duration': 42.943,
+            'timestamp': 1731722452,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.ctvnews.ca/video?playlistId=1.2966224',
@@ -31,6 +71,72 @@ class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': '1.2876780',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 100,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ctvnews.ca/it-s-been-23-years-since-toronto-called-in-the-army-after-a-major-snowstorm-1.5736957',
+        'info_dict':
+        {
+            'id': '1.5736957',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ctvnews.ca/business/respondents-to-bank-of-canada-questionnaire-largely-oppose-creating-a-digital-loonie-1.6665797',
+        'md5': '24bc4b88cdc17d8c3fc01dfc228ab72c',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2695026',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'season_id': '89852',
+            'series': 'From CTV News Channel',
+            'description': 'md5:796a985a23cacc7e1e2fafefd94afd0a',
+            'season': '2023',
+            'title': 'Bank of Canada asks public about digital currency',
+            'categories': [],
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20230526',
+            'season_number': 2023,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2019_3_28_35f5afc3-10f6-4d92-b194-8b9a86f55c6a_png_1920x1080.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1685105157,
+            'duration': 253.553,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://stox.ctvnews.ca/video-gallery?clipId=582589',
+        'md5': '135cc592df607d29dddc931f1b756ae2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '582589',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'categories': [],
+            'timestamp': 1427906183,
+            'season_number': 0,
+            'duration': 125.559,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2019_3_28_35f5afc3-10f6-4d92-b194-8b9a86f55c6a_png_1920x1080.jpg',
+            'series': 'CTV News Stox',
+            'description': 'CTV original footage of the rise and fall of the Berlin Wall.',
+            'title': 'Berlin Wall',
+            'season_id': '63817',
+            'season': 'Season 0',
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20150401',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://ottawa.ctvnews.ca/features/regional-contact/regional-contact-archive?binId=1.1164587#3023759',
+        'md5': 'a14c0603557decc6531260791c23cc5e',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3023759',
+            'ext': 'flv',
+            'season_number': 2024,
+            'timestamp': 1731798000,
+            'season': '2024',
+            'episode': 'Episode 125',
+            'description': 'CTV News Ottawa at Six',
+            'duration': 2712.076,
+            'episode_number': 125,
+            'upload_date': '20241116',
+            'title': 'CTV News Ottawa at Six for Saturday, November 16, 2024',
+            'thumbnail': 'http://images2.9c9media.com/image_asset/2019_3_28_35f5afc3-10f6-4d92-b194-8b9a86f55c6a_png_1920x1080.jpg',
+            'categories': [],
+            'tags': [],
+            'series': 'CTV News Ottawa at Six',
+            'season_id': '92667',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.ctvnews.ca/1.810401',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -42,29 +148,35 @@ class CTVNewsIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    def _ninecninemedia_url_result(self, clip_id):
+        return self.url_result(f'9c9media:ctvnews_web:{clip_id}', NineCNineMediaIE, clip_id)
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         page_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        def ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id):
-            return {
-                '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                'id': clip_id,
-                'url': f'9c9media:ctvnews_web:{clip_id}',
-                'ie_key': 'NineCNineMedia',
-            }
+        if mobj := re.fullmatch(self._VIDEO_ID_RE, urllib.parse.urlparse(url).fragment):
+            page_id = mobj.group('id')
 
-        if page_id.isdigit():
-            return ninecninemedia_url_result(page_id)
-        else:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(f'http://www.ctvnews.ca/{page_id}', page_id, query={
-                'ot': 'example.AjaxPageLayout.ot',
-                'maxItemsPerPage': 1000000,
-            })
-            entries = [ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in orderedSet(
-                re.findall(r'clip\.id\s*=\s*(\d+);', webpage))]
-            if not entries:
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
-                if 'getAuthStates("' in webpage:
-                    entries = [ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in
-                               self._search_regex(r'getAuthStates\("([\d+,]+)"', webpage, 'clip ids').split(',')]
-            return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
+        if re.fullmatch(self._VIDEO_ID_RE, page_id):
+            return self._ninecninemedia_url_result(page_id)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.ctvnews.ca/{page_id}', page_id, query={
+            'ot': 'example.AjaxPageLayout.ot',
+            'maxItemsPerPage': 1000000,
+        })
+        entries = [self._ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id)
+                   for clip_id in orderedSet(re.findall(r'clip\.id\s*=\s*(\d+);', webpage))]
+        if not entries:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
+            if 'getAuthStates("' in webpage:
+                entries = [self._ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in
+                           self._search_regex(r'getAuthStates\("([\d+,]+)"', webpage, 'clip ids').split(',')]
+            else:
+                entries = [
+                    self._ninecninemedia_url_result(clip_id) for clip_id in
+                    traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                        {find_element(tag='jasper-player-container', html=True)},
+                        {extract_attributes}, 'axis-ids', {json.loads}, ..., 'axisId', {str}))
+                ]
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
index 8e6579c35..fa2c2c08d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
@@ -1,12 +1,9 @@
-import time
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import int_or_none
 
 
 class CultureUnpluggedIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cultureunplugged\.com/documentary/watch-online/play/(?P<id>\d+)(?:/(?P<display_id>[^/]+))?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cultureunplugged\.com/(?:documentary/watch-online/)?play/(?P<id>\d+)(?:/(?P<display_id>[^/#?]+))?'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/53662/The-Next--Best-West',
         'md5': 'ac6c093b089f7d05e79934dcb3d228fc',
@@ -15,12 +12,25 @@ class CultureUnpluggedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'display_id': 'The-Next--Best-West',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'The Next, Best West',
-            'description': 'md5:0423cd00833dea1519cf014e9d0903b1',
+            'description': 'md5:770033a3b7c2946a3bcfb7f1c6fb7045',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'creator': 'Coldstream Creative',
+            'creators': ['Coldstream Creative'],
             'duration': 2203,
             'view_count': int,
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.cultureunplugged.com/play/2833/Koi-Sunta-Hai--Journeys-with-Kumar---Kabir--Someone-is-Listening-',
+        'md5': 'dc2014bc470dfccba389a1c934fa29fa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2833',
+            'display_id': 'Koi-Sunta-Hai--Journeys-with-Kumar---Kabir--Someone-is-Listening-',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Koi Sunta Hai: Journeys with Kumar & Kabir (Someone is Listening)',
+            'description': 'md5:fa94ac934927c98660362b8285b2cda5',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/cdn.cultureunplugged.com/thumbnails_16_9/lg/2833.jpg',
+            'creators': ['Srishti'],
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/53662',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -31,9 +41,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = mobj.group('id')
         display_id = mobj.group('display_id') or video_id
 
-        # request setClientTimezone.php to get PHPSESSID cookie which is need to get valid json data in the next request
-        self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(
-            'http://www.cultureunplugged.com/setClientTimezone.php?timeOffset=%d' % -(time.timezone / 3600)), display_id)
         movie_data = self._download_json(
             f'http://www.cultureunplugged.com/movie-data/cu-{video_id}.json', display_id)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/cwtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/cwtv.py
index 870d4f39e..cdb29fcee 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cwtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cwtv.py
@@ -1,23 +1,53 @@
+import re
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     parse_age_limit,
     parse_iso8601,
+    parse_qs,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
+    update_url_query,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class CWTVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cw(?:tv(?:pr)?|seed)\.com/(?:shows/)?(?:[^/]+/)+[^?]*\?.*\b(?:play|watch)=(?P<id>[a-z0-9]{8}-[a-z0-9]{4}-[a-z0-9]{4}-[a-z0-9]{4}-[a-z0-9]{12})'
+    IE_NAME = 'cwtv'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cw(?:tv(?:pr)?|seed)\.com/(?:shows/)?(?:[^/]+/)+[^?]*\?.*\b(?:play|watch|guid)=(?P<id>[a-z0-9]{8}-[a-z0-9]{4}-[a-z0-9]{4}-[a-z0-9]{4}-[a-z0-9]{12})'
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.cwtv.com/shows/continuum/a-stitch-in-time/?play=9149a1e1-4cb2-46d7-81b2-47d35bbd332b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9149a1e1-4cb2-46d7-81b2-47d35bbd332b',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'A Stitch in Time',
+            'description': r're:(?s)City Protective Services officer Kiera Cameron is transported from 2077.+',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpe?g',
+            'duration': 2632,
+            'timestamp': 1736928000,
+            'uploader': 'CWTV',
+            'chapters': 'count:5',
+            'series': 'Continuum',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'age_limit': 14,
+            'upload_date': '20250115',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            # m3u8 download
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
         'url': 'http://cwtv.com/shows/arrow/legends-of-yesterday/?play=6b15e985-9345-4f60-baf8-56e96be57c63',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '6b15e985-9345-4f60-baf8-56e96be57c63',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Legends of Yesterday',
-            'description': 'Oliver and Barry Allen take Kendra Saunders and Carter Hall to a remote location to keep them hidden from Vandal Savage while they figure out how to defeat him.',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Oliver and Barry Allen take Kendra Saunders and Carter Hall to a remote.+',
             'duration': 2665,
             'series': 'Arrow',
             'season_number': 4,
@@ -46,7 +76,7 @@ class CWTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1444107300,
             'age_limit': 14,
             'uploader': 'CWTV',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpe?g$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpe?g',
             'chapters': 'count:4',
             'episode': 'Episode 20',
             'season': 'Season 11',
@@ -64,18 +94,22 @@ class CWTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'http://cwtv.com/shows/arrow/legends-of-yesterday/?watch=6b15e985-9345-4f60-baf8-56e96be57c63',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.cwtv.com/movies/play/?guid=0a8e8b5b-1356-41d5-9a6a-4eda1a6feb6c',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         data = self._download_json(
-            'http://images.cwtv.com/feed/mobileapp/video-meta/apiversion_8/guid_' + video_id,
-            video_id)
-        if data.get('result') != 'ok':
-            raise ExtractorError(data['msg'], expected=True)
+            f'https://images.cwtv.com/feed/app-2/video-meta/apiversion_22/device_android/guid_{video_id}', video_id)
+        if traverse_obj(data, 'result') != 'ok':
+            raise ExtractorError(traverse_obj(data, (('error_msg', 'msg'), {str}, any)), expected=True)
         video_data = data['video']
         title = video_data['title']
-        mpx_url = video_data.get('mpx_url') or f'http://link.theplatform.com/s/cwtv/media/guid/2703454149/{video_id}?formats=M3U'
+        mpx_url = update_url_query(
+            video_data.get('mpx_url') or f'https://link.theplatform.com/s/cwtv/media/guid/2703454149/{video_id}',
+            {'formats': 'M3U+none'})
 
         season = str_or_none(video_data.get('season'))
         episode = str_or_none(video_data.get('episode'))
@@ -97,3 +131,50 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'ie_key': 'ThePlatform',
             'thumbnail': video_data.get('large_thumbnail'),
         }
+
+
+class CWTVMovieIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'cwtv:movie'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cwtv\.com/shows/(?P<id>[\w-]+)/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?viewContext=Movies'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.cwtv.com/shows/the-crush/?viewContext=Movies+Swimlane',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0a8e8b5b-1356-41d5-9a6a-4eda1a6feb6c',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Crush',
+            'upload_date': '20241112',
+            'description': 'md5:1549acd90dff4a8273acd7284458363e',
+            'chapters': 'count:9',
+            'timestamp': 1731398400,
+            'age_limit': 16,
+            'duration': 5337,
+            'series': 'The Crush',
+            'season': 'Season 1',
+            'uploader': 'CWTV',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpe?g',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            # m3u8 download
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }]
+    _UUID_RE = r'[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12}'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        app_url = (
+            self._html_search_meta('al:ios:url', webpage, default=None)
+            or self._html_search_meta('al:android:url', webpage, default=None))
+        video_id = (
+            traverse_obj(parse_qs(app_url), ('video_id', 0, {lambda x: re.fullmatch(self._UUID_RE, x)}, 0))
+            or self._search_regex([
+                rf'CWTV\.Site\.curPlayingGUID\s*=\s*["\']({self._UUID_RE})',
+                rf'CWTV\.Site\.viewInAppURL\s*=\s*["\']/shows/[\w-]+/watch-in-app/\?play=({self._UUID_RE})',
+            ], webpage, 'video ID'))
+
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.cwtv.com/shows/{display_id}/{display_id}/?play={video_id}', CWTVIE, video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
index 4e81aa4a7..537352e5f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import re
 import time
@@ -51,6 +52,15 @@ class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': 'https://universe-files.dacast.com/26137208-5858-65c1-5e9a-9d6b6bd2b6c2',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {  # /uspaes/ in hls_url
+        'url': 'https://iframe.dacast.com/vod/f9823fc6-faba-b98f-0d00-4a7b50a58c5b/348c5c84-b6af-4859-bb9d-1d01009c795b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '348c5c84-b6af-4859-bb9d-1d01009c795b',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'pl1-edyta-rubas-211124.mp4',
+            'uploader_id': 'f9823fc6-faba-b98f-0d00-4a7b50a58c5b',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://universe-files.dacast.com/4d0bd042-a536-752d-fc34-ad2fa44bbcbb.png',
+        },
     }]
     _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.dacast.com/support/knowledgebase/how-can-i-embed-a-video-on-my-website/',
@@ -74,6 +84,15 @@ class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _usp_signing_secret(self):
+        player_js = self._download_webpage(
+            'https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js', None, 'Downloading player JS')
+        # Rotates every so often, but hardcode a fallback in case of JS change/breakage before rotation
+        return self._search_regex(
+            r'\bUSP_SIGNING_SECRET\s*=\s*(["\'])(?P<secret>(?:(?!\1).)+)', player_js,
+            'usp signing secret', group='secret', fatal=False) or 'odnInCGqhvtyRTtIiddxtuRtawYYICZP'
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
         query = {'contentId': f'{user_id}-vod-{video_id}', 'provider': 'universe'}
@@ -94,10 +113,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if 'DRM_EXT' in hls_url:
             self.report_drm(video_id)
         elif '/uspaes/' in hls_url:
-            # From https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js
+            # Ref: https://player.dacast.com/js/player.js
             ts = int(time.time())
             signature = hashlib.sha1(
-                f'{10413792000 - ts}{ts}YfaKtquEEpDeusCKbvYszIEZnWmBcSvw').digest().hex()
+                f'{10413792000 - ts}{ts}{self._usp_signing_secret}'.encode()).digest().hex()
             hls_aes['uri'] = f'https://keys.dacast.com/uspaes/{video_id}.key?s={signature}&ts={ts}'
 
         for retry in self.RetryManager():
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
index 632335e5b..a81f0a26d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
@@ -10,11 +10,14 @@
     OnDemandPagedList,
     age_restricted,
     clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
     int_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
@@ -97,15 +100,23 @@ def _call_api(self, object_type, xid, object_fields, note, filter_extra=None):
 
 class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?ix)
-                    https?://
+                    (?:https?:)?//
+                    (?:
+                        dai\.ly/|
                         (?:
-                            (?:(?:www|touch|geo)\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}/(?:(?:(?:(?:embed|swf|\#)/)|player(?:/\w+)?\.html\?)?video|swf)|
-                            (?:www\.)?lequipe\.fr/video
+                            (?:(?:www|touch|geo)\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}|
+                            (?:www\.)?lequipe\.fr
+                        )/
+                        (?:
+                            swf/(?!video)|
+                            (?:(?:crawler|embed|swf)/)?video/|
+                            player(?:/[\da-z]+)?\.html\?(?:video|(?P<is_playlist>playlist))=
                         )
-                        [/=](?P<id>[^/?_&]+)(?:.+?\bplaylist=(?P<playlist_id>x[0-9a-z]+))?
-                    '''
+                    )
+                    (?P<id>[^/?_&#]+)(?:[\w-]*\?playlist=(?P<playlist_id>x[0-9a-z]+))?
+    '''
     IE_NAME = 'dailymotion'
-    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<(?:(?:embed|iframe)[^>]+?src=|input[^>]+id=[\'"]dmcloudUrlEmissionSelect[\'"][^>]+value=)(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.com/(?:embed|swf)/video/.+?)\1']
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'(?ix)<(?:(?:embed|iframe)[^>]+?src=|input[^>]+id=[\'"]dmcloudUrlEmissionSelect[\'"][^>]+value=)["\'](?P<url>{_VALID_URL[5:]})']
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5kesuj_office-christmas-party-review-jason-bateman-olivia-munn-t-j-miller_news',
         'md5': '074b95bdee76b9e3654137aee9c79dfe',
@@ -123,7 +134,7 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'tags': ['hollywood', 'celeb', 'celebrity', 'movies', 'red carpet'],
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/K456B1aXqIx58LKWQ/x1080',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/K456B1cmt4ZcZ9KiM/x1080',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player.html?video=x89eyek&mute=true',
@@ -142,7 +153,7 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'tags': ['en_quete_d_esprit'],
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/Tncwi1YNg_RUl7ueu/x1080',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/Tncwi1clTH6StrxMP/x1080',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2iuewm_steam-machine-models-pricing-listed-on-steam-store-ign-news_videogames',
@@ -217,6 +228,105 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xakln.html?video=x8mjju4&customConfig%5BcustomParams%5D=%2Ffr-fr%2Ftennis%2Fwimbledon-mens-singles%2Farticles-video',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {  # playlist-only
+        'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xf7zn.html?playlist=x7wdsj',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xmyye.html?video=x93blhi',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/crawler/video/x8u4owg',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/x8u4owg',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://dai.ly/x94cnnk',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        # https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xmyye.html?video=x93blhi
+        'url': 'https://www.financialounge.com/video/2024/08/01/borse-europee-in-rosso-dopo-la-fed-a-milano-volano-mediobanca-e-tim-edizione-del-1-agosto/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x93blhi',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'OnAir - 01/08/24',
+            'description': '',
+            'duration': 217,
+            'timestamp': 1722505658,
+            'upload_date': '20240801',
+            'uploader': 'Financialounge',
+            'uploader_id': 'x2vtgmm',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'tags': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://\w+.dmcdn.net/v/WnEY61cmvMxt2Fi6d/x1080',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xf7zn.html?playlist=x7wdsj
+        'url': 'https://www.cycleworld.com/blogs/ask-kevin/ducati-continues-to-evolve-with-v4/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x7wdsj',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 50,
+    }, {
+        # https://www.dailymotion.com/crawler/video/x8u4owg
+        'url': 'https://www.leparisien.fr/environnement/video-le-veloto-la-voiture-a-pedales-qui-aimerait-se-faire-une-place-sur-les-routes-09-03-2024-KCYMCPM4WFHJXMSKBUI66UNFPU.php',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x8u4owg',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Le Parisien',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.leparisien.fr/resizer/ho_GwveeYftNkLwg_cEta--5Bv4=/1200x675/cloudfront-eu-central-1.images.arcpublishing.com/leparisien/BFXJNEBN75EUNHGYJLORUC3TX4.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20240309',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1709997866,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': 'x32f7b',
+            'title': 'VIDÉO. Le «\xa0véloto\xa0», la voiture à pédales qui aimerait se faire une place sur les routes',
+            'duration': 428.0,
+            'description': 'À bord du « véloto », l’alternative à la voiture pour la campagne',
+            'tags': ['biclou', 'vélo', 'véloto', 'campagne', 'voiture', 'environnement', 'véhicules intermédiaires'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        # https://geo.dailymotion.com/player/xry80.html?video=x8vu47w
+        'url': 'https://www.metatube.com/en/videos/546765/This-frogs-decorates-Christmas-tree/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x8vu47w',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Metatube',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://\w+.dmcdn.net/v/W1G_S1coGSFTfkTeR/x1080',
+            'upload_date': '20240326',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1711496732,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': 'x2xpy74',
+            'title': 'Está lindas ranitas ponen su arbolito',
+            'duration': 28,
+            'description': 'Que lindura',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+    }, {
+        # //geo.dailymotion.com/player/xysxq.html?video=k2Y4Mjp7krAF9iCuINM
+        'url': 'https://lcp.fr/programmes/avant-la-catastrophe-la-naissance-de-la-dictature-nazie-1933-1936-346819',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'k2Y4Mjp7krAF9iCuINM',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Avant la catastrophe la naissance de la dictature nazie 1933 -1936',
+            'description': 'md5:7b620d5e26edbe45f27bbddc1c0257c1',
+            'uploader': 'LCP Assemblée nationale',
+            'uploader_id': 'xbz33d',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 3220,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://s1.dmcdn.net/v/Xvumk1djJBUZfjj2a/x1080',
+            'tags': [],
+            'timestamp': 1739919947,
+            'upload_date': '20250218',
+        },
     }]
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _COMMON_MEDIA_FIELDS = '''description
@@ -231,17 +341,36 @@ def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
         yield from super()._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage)
         for mobj in re.finditer(
                 r'(?s)DM\.player\([^,]+,\s*{.*?video[\'"]?\s*:\s*["\']?(?P<id>[0-9a-zA-Z]+).+?}\s*\);', webpage):
-            yield from 'https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/' + mobj.group('id')
+            yield 'https://www.dailymotion.com/embed/video/' + mobj.group('id')
+        for mobj in re.finditer(
+                r'(?s)<script [^>]*\bsrc=(["\'])(?:https?:)?//[\w-]+\.dailymotion\.com/player/(?:(?!\1).)+\1[^>]*>', webpage):
+            attrs = extract_attributes(mobj.group(0))
+            player_url = url_or_none(attrs.get('src'))
+            if not player_url:
+                continue
+            player_url = player_url.replace('.js', '.html')
+            if player_url.startswith('//'):
+                player_url = f'https:{player_url}'
+            if video_id := attrs.get('data-video'):
+                query_string = f'video={video_id}'
+            elif playlist_id := attrs.get('data-playlist'):
+                query_string = f'playlist={playlist_id}'
+            else:
+                continue
+            yield update_url(player_url, query=query_string)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url)
-        video_id, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        video_id, is_playlist, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'is_playlist', 'playlist_id')
 
-        if playlist_id:
-            if self._yes_playlist(playlist_id, video_id):
-                return self.url_result(
-                    'http://www.dailymotion.com/playlist/' + playlist_id,
-                    'DailymotionPlaylist', playlist_id)
+        if is_playlist:  # We matched the playlist query param as video_id
+            playlist_id = video_id
+            video_id = None
+
+        if self._yes_playlist(playlist_id, video_id):
+            return self.url_result(
+                f'http://www.dailymotion.com/playlist/{playlist_id}',
+                'DailymotionPlaylist', playlist_id)
 
         password = self.get_param('videopassword')
         media = self._call_api(
@@ -282,6 +411,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         title = metadata['title']
         is_live = media.get('isOnAir')
         formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
+
         for quality, media_list in metadata['qualities'].items():
             for m in media_list:
                 media_url = m.get('url')
@@ -289,8 +420,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 if not media_url or media_type == 'application/vnd.lumberjack.manifest':
                     continue
                 if media_type == 'application/x-mpegURL':
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        media_url, video_id, 'mp4', live=is_live, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+                    fmt, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        media_url, video_id, 'mp4', live=is_live, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmt)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
                 else:
                     f = {
                         'url': media_url,
@@ -310,20 +443,18 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             if not f.get('fps') and f['format_id'].endswith('@60'):
                 f['fps'] = 60
 
-        subtitles = {}
         subtitles_data = try_get(metadata, lambda x: x['subtitles']['data'], dict) or {}
         for subtitle_lang, subtitle in subtitles_data.items():
             subtitles[subtitle_lang] = [{
                 'url': subtitle_url,
             } for subtitle_url in subtitle.get('urls', [])]
 
-        thumbnails = []
-        for height, poster_url in metadata.get('posters', {}).items():
-            thumbnails.append({
-                'height': int_or_none(height),
-                'id': height,
-                'url': poster_url,
-            })
+        thumbnails = traverse_obj(metadata, (
+            ('posters', 'thumbnails'), {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]), {
+                'height': (0, {int_or_none}),
+                'id': (0, {str}),
+                'url': 1,
+            }))
 
         owner = metadata.get('owner') or {}
         stats = media.get('stats') or {}
@@ -447,7 +578,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class DailymotionUserIE(DailymotionPlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'dailymotion:user'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}/(?!(?:embed|swf|#|video|playlist|search)/)(?:(?:old/)?user/)?(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.[a-z]{2,3}/(?!(?:embed|swf|#|video|playlist|search|crawler)/)(?:(?:old/)?user/)?(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.dailymotion.com/user/nqtv',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py
index 50e4136b5..f7b243234 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dangalplay.py
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def _extract_episode_info(self, metadata, episode_slug, series_slug):
                 'id': ('content_id', {str}),
                 'title': ('display_title', {str}),
                 'episode': ('title', {str}),
-                'series': ('show_name', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'series': ('show_name', {str}, filter),
                 'series_id': ('catalog_id', {str}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'release_timestamp': ('release_date_uts', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/deezer.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/deezer.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2ca8be5ca..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/deezer.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-import json
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    int_or_none,
-    orderedSet,
-)
-
-
-class DeezerBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
-    def get_data(self, url):
-        if not self.get_param('test'):
-            self.report_warning('For now, this extractor only supports the 30 second previews. Patches welcome!')
-
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        data_id = mobj.group('id')
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, data_id)
-        geoblocking_msg = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<p class="soon-txt">(.*?)</p>', webpage, 'geoblocking message',
-            default=None)
-        if geoblocking_msg is not None:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Deezer said: {geoblocking_msg}', expected=True)
-
-        data_json = self._search_regex(
-            (r'__DZR_APP_STATE__\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*</script>',
-             r'naboo\.display\(\'[^\']+\',\s*(.*?)\);\n'),
-            webpage, 'data JSON')
-        data = json.loads(data_json)
-        return data_id, webpage, data
-
-
-class DeezerPlaylistIE(DeezerBaseInfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?deezer\.com/(../)?playlist/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://www.deezer.com/playlist/176747451',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '176747451',
-            'title': 'Best!',
-            'uploader': 'anonymous',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://(e-)?cdns-images\.dzcdn\.net/images/cover/.*\.jpg$',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 29,
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        playlist_id, webpage, data = self.get_data(url)
-
-        playlist_title = data.get('DATA', {}).get('TITLE')
-        playlist_uploader = data.get('DATA', {}).get('PARENT_USERNAME')
-        playlist_thumbnail = self._search_regex(
-            r'<img id="naboo_playlist_image".*?src="([^"]+)"', webpage,
-            'playlist thumbnail')
-
-        entries = []
-        for s in data.get('SONGS', {}).get('data'):
-            formats = [{
-                'format_id': 'preview',
-                'url': s.get('MEDIA', [{}])[0].get('HREF'),
-                'preference': -100,  # Only the first 30 seconds
-                'ext': 'mp3',
-            }]
-            artists = ', '.join(
-                orderedSet(a.get('ART_NAME') for a in s.get('ARTISTS')))
-            entries.append({
-                'id': s.get('SNG_ID'),
-                'duration': int_or_none(s.get('DURATION')),
-                'title': '{} - {}'.format(artists, s.get('SNG_TITLE')),
-                'uploader': s.get('ART_NAME'),
-                'uploader_id': s.get('ART_ID'),
-                'age_limit': 16 if s.get('EXPLICIT_LYRICS') == '1' else 0,
-                'formats': formats,
-            })
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'playlist',
-            'id': playlist_id,
-            'title': playlist_title,
-            'uploader': playlist_uploader,
-            'thumbnail': playlist_thumbnail,
-            'entries': entries,
-        }
-
-
-class DeezerAlbumIE(DeezerBaseInfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?deezer\.com/(../)?album/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
-    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'https://www.deezer.com/fr/album/67505622',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '67505622',
-            'title': 'Last Week',
-            'uploader': 'Home Brew',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://(e-)?cdns-images\.dzcdn\.net/images/cover/.*\.jpg$',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 7,
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        album_id, webpage, data = self.get_data(url)
-
-        album_title = data.get('DATA', {}).get('ALB_TITLE')
-        album_uploader = data.get('DATA', {}).get('ART_NAME')
-        album_thumbnail = self._search_regex(
-            r'<img id="naboo_album_image".*?src="([^"]+)"', webpage,
-            'album thumbnail')
-
-        entries = []
-        for s in data.get('SONGS', {}).get('data'):
-            formats = [{
-                'format_id': 'preview',
-                'url': s.get('MEDIA', [{}])[0].get('HREF'),
-                'preference': -100,  # Only the first 30 seconds
-                'ext': 'mp3',
-            }]
-            artists = ', '.join(
-                orderedSet(a.get('ART_NAME') for a in s.get('ARTISTS')))
-            entries.append({
-                'id': s.get('SNG_ID'),
-                'duration': int_or_none(s.get('DURATION')),
-                'title': '{} - {}'.format(artists, s.get('SNG_TITLE')),
-                'uploader': s.get('ART_NAME'),
-                'uploader_id': s.get('ART_ID'),
-                'age_limit': 16 if s.get('EXPLICIT_LYRICS') == '1' else 0,
-                'formats': formats,
-                'track': s.get('SNG_TITLE'),
-                'track_number': int_or_none(s.get('TRACK_NUMBER')),
-                'track_id': s.get('SNG_ID'),
-                'artist': album_uploader,
-                'album': album_title,
-                'album_artist': album_uploader,
-            })
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'playlist',
-            'id': album_id,
-            'title': album_title,
-            'uploader': album_uploader,
-            'thumbnail': album_thumbnail,
-            'entries': entries,
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
index edb6fa9c0..4c4fe470d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/digitalconcerthall.py
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
+import time
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
     parse_codecs,
     try_get,
     url_or_none,
@@ -13,9 +16,6 @@
 class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_DESC = 'DigitalConcertHall extractor'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?digitalconcerthall\.com/(?P<language>[a-z]+)/(?P<type>film|concert|work)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)-?(?P<part>[0-9]+)?'
-    _OAUTH_URL = 'https://api.digitalconcerthall.com/v2/oauth2/token'
-    _USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.5 Safari/605.1.15'
-    _ACCESS_TOKEN = None
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'digitalconcerthall'
     _TESTS = [{
         'note': 'Playlist with only one video',
@@ -69,59 +69,157 @@ class DigitalConcertHallIE(InfoExtractor):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
         'playlist_count': 1,
     }]
+    _LOGIN_HINT = ('Use  --username token --password ACCESS_TOKEN  where ACCESS_TOKEN '
+                   'is the "access_token_production" from your browser local storage')
+    _REFRESH_HINT = 'or else use a "refresh_token" with  --username refresh --password REFRESH_TOKEN'
+    _OAUTH_URL = 'https://api.digitalconcerthall.com/v2/oauth2/token'
+    _CLIENT_ID = 'dch.webapp'
+    _CLIENT_SECRET = '2ySLN+2Fwb'
+    _USER_AGENT = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/17.5 Safari/605.1.15'
+    _OAUTH_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
+        'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
+        'Origin': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com',
+        'Referer': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com/',
+        'User-Agent': _USER_AGENT,
+    }
+    _access_token = None
+    _access_token_expiry = 0
+    _refresh_token = None
 
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        login_token = self._download_json(
-            self._OAUTH_URL,
-            None, 'Obtaining token', errnote='Unable to obtain token', data=urlencode_postdata({
+    @property
+    def _access_token_is_expired(self):
+        return self._access_token_expiry - 30 <= int(time.time())
+
+    def _set_access_token(self, value):
+        self._access_token = value
+        self._access_token_expiry = traverse_obj(value, ({jwt_decode_hs256}, 'exp', {int})) or 0
+
+    def _cache_tokens(self, /):
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'tokens', {
+            'access_token': self._access_token,
+            'refresh_token': self._refresh_token,
+        })
+
+    def _fetch_new_tokens(self, invalidate=False):
+        if invalidate:
+            self.report_warning('Access token has been invalidated')
+            self._set_access_token(None)
+
+        if not self._access_token_is_expired:
+            return
+
+        if not self._refresh_token:
+            self._set_access_token(None)
+            self._cache_tokens()
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Access token has expired or been invalidated. '
+                'Get a new "access_token_production" value from your browser '
+                f'and try again, {self._REFRESH_HINT}', expected=True)
+
+        # If we only have a refresh token, we need a temporary "initial token" for the refresh flow
+        bearer_token = self._access_token or self._download_json(
+            self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Obtaining initial token', 'Unable to obtain initial token',
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'affiliate': 'none',
                 'grant_type': 'device',
                 'device_vendor': 'unknown',
-                # device_model 'Safari' gets split streams of 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio
-                'device_model': 'unknown' if self._configuration_arg('prefer_combined_hls') else 'Safari',
-                'app_id': 'dch.webapp',
+                # device_model 'Safari' gets split streams of 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio,
+                # but this is no longer effective since actual login is not possible anymore
+                'device_model': 'unknown',
+                'app_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
                 'app_distributor': 'berlinphil',
-                'app_version': '1.84.0',
-                'client_secret': '2ySLN+2Fwb',
-            }), headers={
-                'Accept': 'application/json',
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
-                'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
-            })['access_token']
+                'app_version': '1.95.0',
+                'client_secret': self._CLIENT_SECRET,
+            }), headers=self._OAUTH_HEADERS)['access_token']
+
         try:
-            login_response = self._download_json(
-                self._OAUTH_URL,
-                None, note='Logging in', errnote='Unable to login', data=urlencode_postdata({
-                    'grant_type': 'password',
-                    'username': username,
-                    'password': password,
+            response = self._download_json(
+                self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Refreshing token', 'Unable to refresh token',
+                data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
+                    'refresh_token': self._refresh_token,
+                    'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                    'client_secret': self._CLIENT_SECRET,
                 }), headers={
-                    'Accept': 'application/json',
-                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8',
-                    'Referer': 'https://www.digitalconcerthall.com',
-                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {login_token}',
-                    'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+                    **self._OAUTH_HEADERS,
+                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {bearer_token}',
                 })
-        except ExtractorError as error:
-            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 401:
-                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username or password', expected=True)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                self._set_access_token(None)
+                self._refresh_token = None
+                self._cache_tokens()
+                raise ExtractorError('Your tokens have been invalidated', expected=True)
             raise
-        self._ACCESS_TOKEN = login_response['access_token']
+
+        self._set_access_token(response['access_token'])
+        if refresh_token := traverse_obj(response, ('refresh_token', {str})):
+            self.write_debug('New refresh token granted')
+            self._refresh_token = refresh_token
+        self._cache_tokens()
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        self.report_login()
+
+        if username == 'refresh':
+            self._refresh_token = password
+            self._fetch_new_tokens()
+
+        if username == 'token':
+            if not traverse_obj(password, {jwt_decode_hs256}):
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    f'The access token passed to yt-dlp is not valid. {self._LOGIN_HINT}', expected=True)
+            self._set_access_token(password)
+            self._cache_tokens()
+
+        if username in ('refresh', 'token'):
+            if self.get_param('cachedir') is not False:
+                token_type = 'access' if username == 'token' else 'refresh'
+                self.to_screen(f'Your {token_type} token has been cached to disk. To use the cached '
+                               'token next time, pass  --username cache  along with any password')
+            return
+
+        if username != 'cache':
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'Login with username and password is no longer supported '
+                f'for this site. {self._LOGIN_HINT}, {self._REFRESH_HINT}', expected=True)
+
+        # Try cached access_token
+        cached_tokens = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'tokens', default={})
+        self._set_access_token(cached_tokens.get('access_token'))
+        self._refresh_token = cached_tokens.get('refresh_token')
+        if not self._access_token_is_expired:
+            return
+
+        # Try cached refresh_token
+        self._fetch_new_tokens(invalidate=True)
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
-        if not self._ACCESS_TOKEN:
-            self.raise_login_required(method='password')
+        if not self._access_token:
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'All content on this site is only available for registered users. '
+                f'{self._LOGIN_HINT}, {self._REFRESH_HINT}', method=None)
 
     def _entries(self, items, language, type_, **kwargs):
         for item in items:
             video_id = item['id']
-            stream_info = self._download_json(
-                self._proto_relative_url(item['_links']['streams']['href']), video_id, headers={
-                    'Accept': 'application/json',
-                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
-                    'Accept-Language': language,
-                    'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
-                })
+
+            for should_retry in (True, False):
+                self._fetch_new_tokens(invalidate=not should_retry)
+                try:
+                    stream_info = self._download_json(
+                        self._proto_relative_url(item['_links']['streams']['href']), video_id, headers={
+                            'Accept': 'application/json',
+                            'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._access_token}',
+                            'Accept-Language': language,
+                            'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+                        })
+                    break
+                except ExtractorError as error:
+                    if should_retry and isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 401:
+                        continue
+                    raise
 
             formats = []
             for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(stream_info, ('channel', ..., 'stream', ..., 'url', {url_or_none})):
@@ -157,7 +255,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'Accept': 'application/json',
                 'Accept-Language': language,
                 'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
-                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
             })
         videos = [vid_info] if type_ == 'film' else traverse_obj(vid_info, ('_embedded', ..., ...))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/digiview.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/digiview.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f7f23864d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/digiview.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .youtube import YoutubeIE
+from ..utils import clean_html, int_or_none, traverse_obj, url_or_none, urlencode_postdata
+
+
+class DigiviewIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ladigitale\.dev/digiview/#/v/(?P<id>[0-9a-f]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # normal video
+        'url': 'https://ladigitale.dev/digiview/#/v/67a8e50aee2ec',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '67a8e50aee2ec',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Big Buck Bunny 60fps 4K - Official Blender Foundation Short Film',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/aqz-KE-bpKQ/hqdefault.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20141110',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'duration': 635,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel': 'Blender',
+            'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'tags': 'count:8',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'channel_id': 'UCSMOQeBJ2RAnuFungnQOxLg',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSMOQeBJ2RAnuFungnQOxLg',
+            'uploader_id': '@BlenderOfficial',
+            'description': 'md5:8f3ed18a53a1bb36cbb3b70a15782fd0',
+            'categories': ['Film & Animation'],
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            'section_end': 635,
+            'uploader': 'Blender',
+            'timestamp': 1415628355,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BlenderOfficial',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'section_start': 0,
+            'availability': 'public',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # cut video
+        'url': 'https://ladigitale.dev/digiview/#/v/67a8e51d0dd58',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '67a8e51d0dd58',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Big Buck Bunny 60fps 4K - Official Blender Foundation Short Film',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/aqz-KE-bpKQ/hqdefault.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20141110',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'duration': 5,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel': 'Blender',
+            'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'tags': 'count:8',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'channel_id': 'UCSMOQeBJ2RAnuFungnQOxLg',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSMOQeBJ2RAnuFungnQOxLg',
+            'uploader_id': '@BlenderOfficial',
+            'description': 'md5:8f3ed18a53a1bb36cbb3b70a15782fd0',
+            'categories': ['Film & Animation'],
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            'section_end': 10,
+            'uploader': 'Blender',
+            'timestamp': 1415628355,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BlenderOfficial',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'section_start': 5,
+            'availability': 'public',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # changed title
+        'url': 'https://ladigitale.dev/digiview/#/v/67a8ea5644d7a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '67a8ea5644d7a',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Big Buck Bunny (with title changed)',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/aqz-KE-bpKQ/hqdefault.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20141110',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'duration': 5,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel': 'Blender',
+            'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'tags': 'count:8',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'channel_id': 'UCSMOQeBJ2RAnuFungnQOxLg',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSMOQeBJ2RAnuFungnQOxLg',
+            'uploader_id': '@BlenderOfficial',
+            'description': 'md5:8f3ed18a53a1bb36cbb3b70a15782fd0',
+            'categories': ['Film & Animation'],
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            'section_end': 15,
+            'uploader': 'Blender',
+            'timestamp': 1415628355,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BlenderOfficial',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'section_start': 10,
+            'availability': 'public',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://ladigitale.dev/digiview/inc/recuperer_video.php', video_id,
+            data=urlencode_postdata({'id': video_id}))
+
+        clip_id = video_data['videoId']
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={clip_id}',
+            YoutubeIE, video_id, url_transparent=True,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'section_start': ('debut', {int_or_none}),
+                'section_end': ('fin', {int_or_none}),
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}, filter),
+                'title': ('titre', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('vignette', {url_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('vues', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        )
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py
index 8d7707271..86950b244 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dplay.py
@@ -319,32 +319,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             url, display_id, host, 'dplay' + country, country, domain)
 
 
-class HGTVDeIE(DPlayBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://de\.hgtv\.com/sendungen' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://de.hgtv.com/sendungen/tiny-house-klein-aber-oho/wer-braucht-schon-eine-toilette/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '151205',
-            'display_id': 'tiny-house-klein-aber-oho/wer-braucht-schon-eine-toilette',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Wer braucht schon eine Toilette',
-            'description': 'md5:05b40a27e7aed2c9172de34d459134e2',
-            'duration': 1177.024,
-            'timestamp': 1595705400,
-            'upload_date': '20200725',
-            'creator': 'HGTV',
-            'series': 'Tiny House - klein, aber oho',
-            'season_number': 3,
-            'episode_number': 3,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self._get_disco_api_info(
-            url, display_id, 'eu1-prod.disco-api.com', 'hgtv', 'de')
-
-
 class DiscoveryPlusBaseIE(DPlayBaseIE):
     """Subclasses must set _PRODUCT, _DISCO_API_PARAMS"""
 
@@ -373,6 +347,45 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self._get_disco_api_info(url, self._match_id(url), **self._DISCO_API_PARAMS)
 
 
+class HGTVDeIE(DiscoveryPlusBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://de\.hgtv\.com/sendungen' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://de.hgtv.com/sendungen/mein-kleinstadt-traumhaus/vom-landleben-ins-loft',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7332936',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'mein-kleinstadt-traumhaus/vom-landleben-ins-loft',
+            'title': 'Vom Landleben ins Loft',
+            'description': 'md5:e5f72c02c853970796dd3818f2e25745',
+            'episode': 'Episode 7',
+            'episode_number': 7,
+            'season': 'Season 7',
+            'season_number': 7,
+            'series': 'Mein Kleinstadt-Traumhaus',
+            'duration': 2645.0,
+            'timestamp': 1725998100,
+            'upload_date': '20240910',
+            'creators': ['HGTV'],
+            'tags': [],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://eu1-prod-images.disco-api.com/2024/08/09/82a386b9-c688-32c7-b9ff-0b13865f0bae.jpeg',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    _PRODUCT = 'hgtv'
+    _DISCO_API_PARAMS = {
+        'disco_host': 'eu1-prod.disco-api.com',
+        'realm': 'hgtv',
+        'country': 'de',
+    }
+
+    def _update_disco_api_headers(self, headers, disco_base, display_id, realm):
+        headers.update({
+            'x-disco-params': f'realm={realm}',
+            'x-disco-client': 'Alps:HyogaPlayer:0.0.0',
+            'Authorization': self._get_auth(disco_base, display_id, realm),
+        })
+
+
 class GoDiscoveryIE(DiscoveryPlusBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:go\.)?discovery\.com/video' + DPlayBaseIE._PATH_REGEX
     _TESTS = [{
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dreisat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dreisat.py
index 4b0a269b9..376ff672d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dreisat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dreisat.py
@@ -1,10 +1,24 @@
-from .zdf import ZDFIE
+from .zdf import ZDFBaseIE
 
 
-class DreiSatIE(ZDFIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class DreiSatIE(ZDFBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = '3sat'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?3sat\.de/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)\.html'
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/dokumentation/reise/traumziele-suedostasiens-die-philippinen-und-vietnam-102.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '231124_traumziele_philippinen_und_vietnam_dokreise',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Traumziele Südostasiens (1/2): Die Philippinen und Vietnam',
+            'description': 'md5:26329ce5197775b596773b939354079d',
+            'duration': 2625.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.3sat.de/assets/traumziele-suedostasiens-die-philippinen-und-vietnam-100~2400x1350?cb=1699870351148',
+            'episode': 'Traumziele Südostasiens (1/2): Die Philippinen und Vietnam',
+            'episode_id': 'POS_cc7ff51c-98cf-4d12-b99d-f7a551de1c95',
+            'timestamp': 1738593000,
+            'upload_date': '20250203',
+        },
+    }, {
         # Same as https://www.zdf.de/dokumentation/ab-18/10-wochen-sommer-102.html
         'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/film/ab-18/10-wochen-sommer-108.html',
         'md5': '0aff3e7bc72c8813f5e0fae333316a1d',
@@ -17,6 +31,7 @@ class DreiSatIE(ZDFIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'timestamp': 1608604200,
             'upload_date': '20201222',
         },
+        'skip': '410 Gone',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/gesellschaft/schweizweit/waidmannsheil-100.html',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -30,6 +45,7 @@ class DreiSatIE(ZDFIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': '404 Not Found',
     }, {
         # Same as https://www.zdf.de/filme/filme-sonstige/der-hauptmann-112.html
         'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/film/spielfilm/der-hauptmann-100.html',
@@ -39,3 +55,14 @@ class DreiSatIE(ZDFIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/wissen/nano/nano-21-mai-2019-102.html',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, fatal=False)
+        if webpage:
+            player = self._extract_player(webpage, url, fatal=False)
+            if player:
+                return self._extract_regular(url, player, video_id)
+
+        return self._extract_mobile(video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
index 51b40df42..ce8435c8c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropbox.py
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    update_url,
     update_url_query,
     url_basename,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
@@ -36,43 +38,56 @@ class DropboxIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     ]
 
+    def _yield_decoded_parts(self, webpage):
+        for encoded in reversed(re.findall(r'registerStreamedPrefetch\s*\(\s*"[\w/+=]+"\s*,\s*"([\w/+=]+)"', webpage)):
+            yield base64.b64decode(encoded).decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
         video_id = mobj.group('id')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         fn = urllib.parse.unquote(url_basename(url))
         title = os.path.splitext(fn)[0]
+        content_id = None
 
-        password = self.get_param('videopassword')
-        if (self._og_search_title(webpage) == 'Dropbox - Password Required'
-                or 'Enter the password for this link' in webpage):
+        for part in self._yield_decoded_parts(webpage):
+            if '/sm/password' in part:
+                content_id = self._search_regex(r'content_id=([\w.+=/-]+)', part, 'content ID')
+                break
 
-            if password:
-                content_id = self._search_regex(r'content_id=(.*?)["\']', webpage, 'content_id')
-                payload = f'is_xhr=true&t={self._get_cookies("https://www.dropbox.com").get("t").value}&content_id={content_id}&password={password}&url={url}'
-                response = self._download_json(
-                    'https://www.dropbox.com/sm/auth', video_id, 'POSTing video password', data=payload.encode(),
-                    headers={'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'})
-
-                if response.get('status') != 'authed':
-                    raise ExtractorError('Authentication failed!', expected=True)
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-            elif self._get_cookies('https://dropbox.com').get('sm_auth'):
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-            else:
+        if content_id:
+            password = self.get_param('videopassword')
+            if not password:
                 raise ExtractorError('Password protected video, use --video-password <password>', expected=True)
 
-        formats, subtitles, has_anonymous_download = [], {}, False
-        for encoded in reversed(re.findall(r'registerStreamedPrefetch\s*\(\s*"[\w/+=]+"\s*,\s*"([\w/+=]+)"', webpage)):
-            decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded).decode('utf-8', 'ignore')
+            response = self._download_json(
+                'https://www.dropbox.com/sm/auth', video_id, 'POSTing video password',
+                data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    'is_xhr': 'true',
+                    't': self._get_cookies('https://www.dropbox.com')['t'].value,
+                    'content_id': content_id,
+                    'password': password,
+                    'url': update_url(url, scheme='', netloc=''),
+                }))
+            if response.get('status') != 'authed':
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid password', expected=True)
+
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        has_anonymous_download = False
+        thumbnail = None
+        for part in self._yield_decoded_parts(webpage):
             if not has_anonymous_download:
                 has_anonymous_download = self._search_regex(
-                    r'(anonymous:\tanonymous)', decoded, 'anonymous', default=False)
+                    r'(anonymous:\tanonymous)', part, 'anonymous', default=False)
             transcode_url = self._search_regex(
-                r'\n.(https://[^\x03\x08\x12\n]+\.m3u8)', decoded, 'transcode url', default=None)
+                r'\n.?(https://[^\x03\x08\x12\n]+\.m3u8)', part, 'transcode url', default=None)
             if not transcode_url:
                 continue
             formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(transcode_url, video_id, 'mp4')
+            thumbnail = self._search_regex(
+                r'(https://www\.dropbox\.com/temp_thumb_from_token/[\w/?&=]+)', part, 'thumbnail', default=None)
             break
 
         # downloads enabled we can get the original file
@@ -89,4 +104,5 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'title': title,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py
index 7e97c4d40..a0d8aacdb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dropout.py
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     self.raise_login_required(method='any')
                 raise ExtractorError(login_err, expected=True)
 
-        embed_url = self._search_regex(r'embed_url:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage, 'embed url')
+        embed_url = self._html_search_regex(r'embed_url:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage, 'embed url')
         thumbnail = self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage)
         watch_info = get_element_by_id('watch-info', webpage) or ''
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/drtalks.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/drtalks.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5ea7f7580
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/drtalks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class DrTalksIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?drtalks\.com/videos/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://drtalks.com/videos/six-pillars-of-resilience-tools-for-managing-stress-and-flourishing/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6366193757112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader_id': '6314452011001',
+            'tags': ['resilience'],
+            'description': 'md5:9c6805aee237ee6de8052461855b9dda',
+            'timestamp': 1734546659,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://drtalks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/Episode-82-Eva-Selhub-DrTalks-Thumbs.jpg',
+            'title': 'Six Pillars of Resilience: Tools for Managing Stress and Flourishing',
+            'duration': 2800.682,
+            'upload_date': '20241218',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://drtalks.com/videos/the-pcos-puzzle-mastering-metabolic-health-with-marcelle-pick/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6364699891112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The PCOS Puzzle: Mastering Metabolic Health with Marcelle Pick',
+            'description': 'md5:e87cbe00ca50135d5702787fc4043aaa',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://drtalks.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Episode-34-Marcelle-Pick-OBGYN-NP-DrTalks.jpg',
+            'duration': 3515.2,
+            'tags': ['pcos'],
+            'upload_date': '20241114',
+            'timestamp': 1731592119,
+            'uploader_id': '6314452011001',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        next_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['data']['video']
+
+        return self.url_result(
+            next_data['videos']['brightcoveVideoLink'], BrightcoveNewIE, video_id,
+            url_transparent=True,
+            **traverse_obj(next_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('videos', 'summury', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('featuredImage', 'node', 'sourceUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            }))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/drtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/drtv.py
index 32b684552..ba86eb2b4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/drtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/drtv.py
@@ -139,12 +139,11 @@ def _real_initialize(self):
             return
 
         token_response = self._download_json(
-            'https://production.dr-massive.com/api/authorization/anonymous-sso', None,
+            'https://isl.dr-massive.com/api/authorization/anonymous-sso', None,
             note='Downloading anonymous token', headers={
                 'content-type': 'application/json',
             }, query={
-                'device': 'web_browser',
-                'ff': 'idp,ldp,rpt',
+                'device': 'phone_android',
                 'lang': 'da',
                 'supportFallbackToken': 'true',
             }, data=json.dumps({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py
index 18642fea3..75650c3a6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/duoplay.py
@@ -5,15 +5,16 @@
     get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
+    parse_qs,
     str_or_none,
     try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
 
 
 class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://duoplay\.ee/(?P<id>\d+)/[\w-]+/?(?:\?(?:[^#]+&)?ep=(?P<ep>\d+))?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://duoplay\.ee/(?P<id>\d+)(?:[/?#]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'note': 'Siberi võmm S02E12',
         'url': 'https://duoplay.ee/4312/siberi-vomm?ep=24',
@@ -34,15 +35,16 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
             'episode_number': 12,
             'episode_id': '24',
         },
+        'skip': 'No video found',
     }, {
         'note': 'Empty title',
         'url': 'https://duoplay.ee/17/uhikarotid?ep=14',
-        'md5': '6aca68be71112314738dd17cced7f8bf',
+        'md5': 'cba9f5dabf2582b224d80ac44fb80e47',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '17_14',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ühikarotid',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg(?:\?c=\d+)?$',
+            'title': 'Episode 14',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
             'description': 'md5:4719b418e058c209def41d48b601276e',
             'upload_date': '20100916',
             'timestamp': 1284661800,
@@ -52,6 +54,8 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
             'season_number': 2,
             'episode_id': '14',
             'release_year': 2010,
+            'episode': 'Episode 14',
+            'episode_number': 14,
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'Movie without expiry',
@@ -68,10 +72,32 @@ class DuoplayIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1671054000,
             'release_year': 2018,
         },
+        'skip': 'No video found',
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Episode url without show name',
+        'url': 'https://duoplay.ee/9644?ep=185',
+        'md5': '63f324b4fe2dbd8194dca16a6d52184a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9644_185',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Episode 185',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+            'description': 'md5:ed25ba4e9e5d54bc291a4a0cdd241467',
+            'upload_date': '20241120',
+            'timestamp': 1732077000,
+            'episode': 'Episode 63',
+            'episode_id': '185',
+            'episode_number': 63,
+            'season': 'Season 2',
+            'season_number': 2,
+            'series': 'Telehommik',
+            'series_id': '9644',
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        telecast_id, episode = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'ep')
+        telecast_id = self._match_id(url)
+        episode = traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('ep', 0, {int_or_none}, {str_or_none}))
         video_id = join_nonempty(telecast_id, episode, delim='_')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
         video_player = try_call(lambda: extract_attributes(
@@ -79,25 +105,33 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if not video_player or not video_player.get('manifest-url'):
             raise ExtractorError('No video found', expected=True)
 
+        manifest_url = video_player['manifest-url']
+        session_token = self._download_json(
+            'https://sts.postimees.ee/session/register', video_id, 'Registering session',
+            'Unable to register session', headers={
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'X-Original-URI': manifest_url,
+            })['session']
+
         episode_attr = self._parse_json(video_player.get(':episode') or '', video_id, fatal=False) or {}
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(video_player['manifest-url'], video_id, 'mp4'),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', query={'s': session_token}),
             **traverse_obj(episode_attr, {
-                'title': 'title',
-                'description': 'synopsis',
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('synopsis', {str}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', 'original'),
                 'timestamp': ('airtime', {lambda x: unified_timestamp(x + ' +0200')}),
-                'cast': ('cast', {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
+                'cast': ('cast', filter, {lambda x: x.split(', ')}),
                 'release_year': ('year', {int_or_none}),
             }),
             **(traverse_obj(episode_attr, {
-                'title': (None, ('subtitle', ('episode_nr', {lambda x: f'Episode {x}' if x else None}))),
-                'series': 'title',
+                'title': (None, (('subtitle', {str}, filter), {value(f'Episode {episode}' if episode else None)})),
+                'series': ('title', {str}),
                 'series_id': ('telecast_id', {str_or_none}),
                 'season_number': ('season_id', {int_or_none}),
-                'episode': 'subtitle',
+                'episode': ('subtitle', {str}, filter),
                 'episode_number': ('episode_nr', {int_or_none}),
                 'episode_id': ('episode_id', {str_or_none}),
             }, get_all=False) if episode_attr.get('category') != 'movies' else {}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/dvtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/dvtv.py
index 3e442b339..52d67d2bd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dvtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dvtv.py
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         items = re.findall(r'(?s)playlist\.push\(({.+?})\);', webpage)
         if items:
             return self.playlist_result(
-                [self._parse_video_metadata(i, video_id, timestamp) for i in items],
+                (self._parse_video_metadata(i, video_id, timestamp) for i in items),
                 video_id, self._html_search_meta('twitter:title', webpage))
 
         item = self._search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/eggs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/eggs.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..6e032441c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/eggs.py
@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+import secrets
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .youtube import YoutubeIE
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    str_or_none,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class EggsBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _API_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': '*/*',
+        'apVersion': '8.2.00',
+        'deviceName': 'Android',
+    }
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._API_HEADERS['deviceId'] = secrets.token_hex(8)
+
+    def _call_api(self, endpoint, video_id):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://app-front-api.eggs.mu/v1/{endpoint}', video_id,
+            headers=self._API_HEADERS)
+
+    def _extract_music_info(self, data):
+        if yt_url := traverse_obj(data, ('youtubeUrl', {url_or_none})):
+            return self.url_result(yt_url, ie=YoutubeIE)
+
+        artist_name = traverse_obj(data, ('artist', 'artistName', {str_or_none}))
+        music_id = traverse_obj(data, ('musicId', {str_or_none}))
+        webpage_url = None
+        if artist_name and music_id:
+            webpage_url = f'https://eggs.mu/artist/{artist_name}/song/{music_id}'
+
+        return {
+            'id': music_id,
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'webpage_url': webpage_url,
+            'extractor_key': EggsIE.ie_key(),
+            'extractor': EggsIE.IE_NAME,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('musicTitle', {str}),
+                'url': ('musicDataPath', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('artist', 'displayName', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('artist', 'artistId', {str_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('imageDataPath', {url_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('numberOfMusicPlays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('numberOfLikes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('numberOfComments', {int_or_none}),
+                'composers': ('composer', {str}, all),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('releaseDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'artist': ('artist', 'displayName', {str}),
+            })}
+
+
+class EggsIE(EggsBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'eggs:single'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://eggs\.mu/artist/[^/?#]+/song/(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://eggs.mu/artist/32_sunny_girl/song/0e95fd1d-4d61-4d5b-8b18-6092c551da90',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0e95fd1d-4d61-4d5b-8b18-6092c551da90',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'シネマと信号',
+            'uploader': 'Sunny Girl',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg(?:\?.*)?$',
+            'uploader_id': '1607',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1731327327,
+            'composers': ['橘高連太郎'],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'artists': ['Sunny Girl'],
+            'upload_date': '20241111',
+            'tags': ['SunnyGirl', 'シネマと信号'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://eggs.mu/artist/KAMO_3pband/song/1d4bc45f-1af6-47a9-8b30-a70cae350b4f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '80cLKA2wnoA',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'KAMO「いい女だから」Audio',
+            'uploader': 'KAMO',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'channel_id': 'UCsHLBw2__5Q9y55skXPotOg',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:d260da711ecbec3e720293dc11401b87',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_id': '@KAMO_band',
+            'upload_date': '20240925',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/80cLKA2wnoA/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsHLBw2__5Q9y55skXPotOg',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 151,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'channel': 'KAMO',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@KAMO_band',
+            'tags': [],
+            'timestamp': 1727271121,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'Youtube'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        song_id = self._match_id(url)
+        json_data = self._call_api(f'musics/{song_id}', song_id)
+        return self._extract_music_info(json_data)
+
+
+class EggsArtistIE(EggsBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'eggs:artist'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://eggs\.mu/artist/(?P<id>\w+)/?(?:[?#&]|$)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://eggs.mu/artist/32_sunny_girl',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '32_sunny_girl',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://image-pro.eggs.mu/profile/1607.jpeg?updated_at=2024-04-03T20%3A06%3A00%2B09%3A00',
+            'description': 'Muddy Mine / 東京高田馬場CLUB PHASE / Gt.Vo 橘高 連太郎 / Ba.Cho 小野 ゆうき / Dr 大森 りゅうひこ',
+            'title': 'Sunny Girl',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 18,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://eggs.mu/artist/KAMO_3pband',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'KAMO_3pband',
+            'description': '川崎発３ピースバンド',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://image-pro.eggs.mu/profile/35217.jpeg?updated_at=2024-11-27T16%3A31%3A50%2B09%3A00',
+            'title': 'KAMO',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        artist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        artist_data = self._call_api(f'artists/{artist_id}', artist_id)
+        song_data = self._call_api(f'artists/{artist_id}/musics', artist_id)
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            traverse_obj(song_data, ('data', ..., {dict}, {self._extract_music_info})),
+            playlist_id=artist_id, **traverse_obj(artist_data, {
+                'title': ('displayName', {str}),
+                'description': ('profile', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('imageDataPath', {url_or_none}),
+            }))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py
index 7896cdbdc..d4139c6f3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/err.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': ('heading', {str}),
                 'alt_title': ('subHeading', {str}),
-                'description': (('lead', 'body'), {clean_html}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': (('lead', 'body'), {clean_html}, filter),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int_or_none}),
                 'modified_timestamp': ('updated', {int_or_none}),
                 'release_timestamp': (('scheduleStart', 'publicStart'), {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ertgr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ertgr.py
index 864aa6dc5..6f3f60ff4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ertgr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ertgr.py
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
     url_or_none,
     variadic,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class ERTFlixBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -74,29 +75,28 @@ class ERTFlixCodenameIE(ERTFlixBaseIE):
 
     def _extract_formats_and_subs(self, video_id):
         media_info = self._call_api(video_id, codename=video_id)
-        formats, subs = [], {}
-        for media_file in try_get(media_info, lambda x: x['MediaFiles'], list) or []:
-            for media in try_get(media_file, lambda x: x['Formats'], list) or []:
-                fmt_url = url_or_none(try_get(media, lambda x: x['Url']))
-                if not fmt_url:
-                    continue
-                ext = determine_ext(fmt_url)
-                if ext == 'm3u8':
-                    formats_, subs_ = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                        fmt_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', ext='mp4', fatal=False)
-                elif ext == 'mpd':
-                    formats_, subs_ = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-                        fmt_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
-                else:
-                    formats.append({
-                        'url': fmt_url,
-                        'format_id': str_or_none(media.get('Id')),
-                    })
-                    continue
-                formats.extend(formats_)
-                self._merge_subtitles(subs_, target=subs)
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for media in traverse_obj(media_info, (
+                'MediaFiles', lambda _, v: v['RoleCodename'] == 'main',
+                'Formats', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['Url']))):
+            fmt_url = media['Url']
+            ext = determine_ext(fmt_url)
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    fmt_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', ext='mp4', fatal=False)
+            elif ext == 'mpd':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    fmt_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': fmt_url,
+                    'format_id': str_or_none(media.get('Id')),
+                })
+                continue
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
 
-        return formats, subs
+        return formats, subtitles
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py
index 4e9b63524..552f9af12 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/espn.py
@@ -294,37 +294,37 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 class WatchESPNIE(AdobePassIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?espn\.com/(?:watch|espnplus)/player/_/id/(?P<id>[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12})'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/dbbc6b1d-c084-4b47-9878-5f13c56ce309',
+        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/11ce417a-6ac9-42b6-8a15-46aeb9ad5710',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'dbbc6b1d-c084-4b47-9878-5f13c56ce309',
+            'id': '11ce417a-6ac9-42b6-8a15-46aeb9ad5710',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Huddersfield vs. Burnley',
-            'duration': 7500,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://artwork.api.espn.com/artwork/collections/media/dbbc6b1d-c084-4b47-9878-5f13c56ce309/default?width=640&apikey=1ngjw23osgcis1i1vbj96lmfqs',
+            'title': 'Abilene Chrstn vs. Texas Tech',
+            'duration': 14166,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://s.secure.espncdn.com/stitcher/artwork/collections/media/11ce417a-6ac9-42b6-8a15-46aeb9ad5710/16x9.jpg?timestamp=202407252343&showBadge=true&cb=12&package=ESPN_PLUS',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/a049a56e-a7ce-477e-aef3-c7e48ef8221c',
+        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/90a2c85d-75e0-4b1e-a878-8e428a3cb2f3',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'a049a56e-a7ce-477e-aef3-c7e48ef8221c',
+            'id': '90a2c85d-75e0-4b1e-a878-8e428a3cb2f3',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Dynamo Dresden vs. VfB Stuttgart (Round #1) (German Cup)',
-            'duration': 8335,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://s.secure.espncdn.com/stitcher/artwork/collections/media/bd1f3d12-0654-47d9-852e-71b85ea695c7/16x9.jpg?timestamp=202201112217&showBadge=true&cb=12&package=ESPN_PLUS',
+            'title': 'UC Davis vs. California',
+            'duration': 9547,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://artwork.api.espn.com/artwork/collections/media/90a2c85d-75e0-4b1e-a878-8e428a3cb2f3/default?width=640&apikey=1ngjw23osgcis1i1vbj96lmfqs',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/espnplus/player/_/id/317f5fd1-c78a-4ebe-824a-129e0d348421',
+        'url': 'https://www.espn.com/watch/player/_/id/c4313bbe-95b5-4bb8-b251-ac143ea0fc54',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '317f5fd1-c78a-4ebe-824a-129e0d348421',
+            'id': 'c4313bbe-95b5-4bb8-b251-ac143ea0fc54',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The Wheel - Episode 10',
-            'duration': 3352,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://s.secure.espncdn.com/stitcher/artwork/collections/media/317f5fd1-c78a-4ebe-824a-129e0d348421/16x9.jpg?timestamp=202205031523&showBadge=true&cb=12&package=ESPN_PLUS',
+            'title': 'The College Football Show',
+            'duration': 3639,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://artwork.api.espn.com/artwork/collections/media/c4313bbe-95b5-4bb8-b251-ac143ea0fc54/default?width=640&apikey=1ngjw23osgcis1i1vbj96lmfqs',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -353,6 +353,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             if not cookie:
                 self.raise_login_required(method='cookies')
 
+            jwt = self._search_regex(r'=([^|]+)\|', cookie.value, 'cookie jwt')
+            id_token = self._download_json(
+                'https://registerdisney.go.com/jgc/v6/client/ESPN-ONESITE.WEB-PROD/guest/refresh-auth',
+                None, 'Refreshing token', headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps({
+                    'refreshToken': json.loads(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(f'{jwt}==='))['refresh_token'],
+                }).encode())['data']['token']['id_token']
+
             assertion = self._call_bamgrid_api(
                 'devices', video_id,
                 headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8'},
@@ -371,7 +378,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 })['access_token']
 
             assertion = self._call_bamgrid_api(
-                'accounts/grant', video_id, payload={'id_token': cookie.value.split('|')[1]},
+                'accounts/grant', video_id, payload={'id_token': id_token},
                 headers={
                     'Authorization': token,
                     'Content-Type': 'application/json; charset=UTF-8',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
index baa69d242..18a3737d7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
@@ -1,28 +1,37 @@
-import contextlib
+import inspect
 import os
 
-from ..plugins import load_plugins
+from ..globals import LAZY_EXTRACTORS
+from ..globals import extractors as _extractors_context
 
-# NB: Must be before other imports so that plugins can be correctly injected
-_PLUGIN_CLASSES = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
+_CLASS_LOOKUP = None
+if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'):
+    LAZY_EXTRACTORS.value = False
+else:
+    try:
+        from .lazy_extractors import _CLASS_LOOKUP
+        LAZY_EXTRACTORS.value = True
+    except ImportError:
+        LAZY_EXTRACTORS.value = None
 
-_LAZY_LOADER = False
-if not os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'):
-    with contextlib.suppress(ImportError):
-        from .lazy_extractors import *  # noqa: F403
-        from .lazy_extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
-        _LAZY_LOADER = True
+if not _CLASS_LOOKUP:
+    from . import _extractors
 
-if not _LAZY_LOADER:
-    from ._extractors import *  # noqa: F403
-    _ALL_CLASSES = [  # noqa: F811
-        klass
-        for name, klass in globals().items()
+    _CLASS_LOOKUP = {
+        name: value
+        for name, value in inspect.getmembers(_extractors)
         if name.endswith('IE') and name != 'GenericIE'
-    ]
-    _ALL_CLASSES.append(GenericIE)  # noqa: F405
+    }
+    _CLASS_LOOKUP['GenericIE'] = _extractors.GenericIE
 
-globals().update(_PLUGIN_CLASSES)
-_ALL_CLASSES[:0] = _PLUGIN_CLASSES.values()
+# We want to append to the main lookup
+_current = _extractors_context.value
+for name, ie in _CLASS_LOOKUP.items():
+    _current.setdefault(name, ie)
 
-from .common import _PLUGIN_OVERRIDES  # noqa: F401
+
+def __getattr__(name):
+    value = _CLASS_LOOKUP.get(name)
+    if not value:
+        raise AttributeError(f'module {__name__} has no attribute {name}')
+    return value
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
index a43ffe95e..24ecb0350 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/facebook.py
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
                             [^/]+/videos/(?:[^/]+/)?|
                             [^/]+/posts/|
                             events/(?:[^/]+/)?|
-                            groups/[^/]+/(?:permalink|posts)/|
+                            groups/[^/]+/(?:permalink|posts)/(?:[\da-f]+/)?|
                             watchparty/
                         )|
                     facebook:
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1692346159,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'uploader_id': '100063551323670',
-            'duration': 3132.184,
+            'duration': 3133.583,
             'view_count': int,
             'concurrent_view_count': 0,
         },
@@ -112,9 +112,10 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20140506',
             'timestamp': 1399398998,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
-            'uploader_id': 'pfbid028wxorhX2ErLFJ578N6P3crHD3PHmXTCqCvfBpsnbSLmbokwSY75p5hWBjHGkG4zxl',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid05AzrFTXgY37tqwaSgbFTTEpCLBjjEJHkigogwGiRPtKEpAsJYJpzE94H1RxYXWEtl',
             'duration': 131.03,
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'Video with DASH manifest',
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
         # have 1080P, but only up to 720p in swf params
         # data.video.story.attachments[].media
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/cnn/videos/10155529876156509/',
-        'md5': 'ca63897a90c9452efee5f8c40d080e25',
+        'md5': '1659aa21fb3dd1585874f668e81a72c8',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '10155529876156509',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -180,9 +181,10 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'uploader_id': '100059479812265',
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
-            'duration': 44.478,
+            'duration': 44.181,
         },
     }, {
+        # FIXME: unable to extract uploader, no formats found
         # bigPipe.onPageletArrive ... onPageletArrive pagelet_group_mall
         # data.node.comet_sections.content.story.attachments[].style_type_renderer.attachment.media
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/yaroslav.korpan/videos/1417995061575415/',
@@ -241,9 +243,9 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1511548260,
             'upload_date': '20171124',
             'uploader': 'Vickie Gentry',
-            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0FuZhHCeWDAxWxEbr3yKPFaRstXvRxgsp9uCPG6GjD4J2AitB35NUAuJ4Q75KcjiDl',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0FkkycT95ySNNyfCw4Cho6u5G7WbbZEcxT496Hq8rtx1K3LcTCATpR3wnyYhmyGC5l',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
-            'duration': 148.435,
+            'duration': 148.224,
         },
     }, {
         # data.node.comet_sections.content.story.attachments[].styles.attachment.media
@@ -271,7 +273,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'Today Makkovik\'s own Pilot Mandy Smith made her inaugural landing on the airstrip in her hometown. What a proud moment as we all cheered and...',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'uploader': 'Lela Evans',
-            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0shZJipuigyy5mqrUJn9ub5LJFWNHvan5prtyi3LrDuuuJ4NwrURgnQHYR9fywBepl',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0swT2y7t6TAsZVBvcyeYPdhTMefGaS26mzUwML3vd1ma6ndGZKxsyS4Ssu3jitZLXl',
             'upload_date': '20231228',
             'timestamp': 1703804085,
             'duration': 394.347,
@@ -322,7 +324,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20180523',
             'uploader': 'ESL One Dota 2',
             'uploader_id': '100066514874195',
-            'duration': 4524.212,
+            'duration': 4524.001,
             'view_count': int,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
@@ -339,9 +341,9 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Josef',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
             'concurrent_view_count': int,
-            'uploader_id': 'pfbid0cibUN6tV7DYgdbJdsUFN46wc4jKpVSPAvJQhFofGqBGmVn3V3JtAs2tfUwziw2hUl',
+            'uploader_id': 'pfbid02gpfwRM2XvdEJfsERupwQiNmBiDArc38RMRYZnap372q6Vs7MtFTVy72mmFWpJBTKl',
             'timestamp': 1549275572,
-            'duration': 3.413,
+            'duration': 3.283,
             'uploader': 'Josef Novak',
             'description': '',
             'upload_date': '20190204',
@@ -396,6 +398,7 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
         'playlist_count': 1,
         'skip': 'Requires logging in',
     }, {
+        # FIXME: Cannot parse data error
         # data.event.cover_media_renderer.cover_video
         'url': 'https://m.facebook.com/events/1509582499515440',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -407,6 +410,9 @@ class FacebookIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'Comitato Liberi Pensatori',
             'uploader_id': '100065709540881',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/groups/1513990329015294/posts/d41d8cd9/2013209885760000/?app=fbl',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     _SUPPORTED_PAGLETS_REGEX = r'(?:pagelet_group_mall|permalink_video_pagelet|hyperfeed_story_id_[0-9a-f]+)'
     _api_config = {
@@ -498,7 +504,8 @@ def extract_metadata(webpage):
                 or get_first(post, ('video', 'creation_story', 'attachments', ..., 'media', lambda k, v: k == 'owner' and v['name']))
                 or get_first(post, (..., 'video', lambda k, v: k == 'owner' and v['name']))
                 or get_first(post, ('node', 'actors', ..., {dict}))
-                or get_first(post, ('event', 'event_creator', {dict})) or {})
+                or get_first(post, ('event', 'event_creator', {dict}))
+                or get_first(post, ('video', 'creation_story', 'short_form_video_context', 'video_owner', {dict})) or {})
             uploader = uploader_data.get('name') or (
                 clean_html(get_element_by_id('fbPhotoPageAuthorName', webpage))
                 or self._search_regex(
@@ -524,6 +531,11 @@ def extract_metadata(webpage):
                     webpage, 'view count', default=None)),
                 'concurrent_view_count': get_first(post, (
                     ('video', (..., ..., 'attachments', ..., 'media')), 'liveViewerCount', {int_or_none})),
+                **traverse_obj(post, (lambda _, v: video_id in v['url'], 'feedback', {
+                    'like_count': ('likers', 'count', {int}),
+                    'comment_count': ('total_comment_count', {int}),
+                    'repost_count': ('share_count_reduced', {parse_count}),
+                }), get_all=False),
             }
 
             info_json_ld = self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, default={})
@@ -554,12 +566,13 @@ def extract_from_jsmods_instances(js_data):
                 return extract_video_data(try_get(
                     js_data, lambda x: x['jsmods']['instances'], list) or [])
 
-        def extract_dash_manifest(video, formats):
-            dash_manifest = traverse_obj(video, 'dash_manifest', 'playlist', expected_type=str)
+        def extract_dash_manifest(vid_data, formats, mpd_url=None):
+            dash_manifest = traverse_obj(
+                vid_data, 'dash_manifest', 'playlist', 'dash_manifest_xml_string', 'manifest_xml', expected_type=str)
             if dash_manifest:
                 formats.extend(self._parse_mpd_formats(
                     compat_etree_fromstring(urllib.parse.unquote_plus(dash_manifest)),
-                    mpd_url=video.get('dash_manifest_url')))
+                    mpd_url=url_or_none(vid_data.get('dash_manifest_url')) or mpd_url))
 
         def process_formats(info):
             # Downloads with browser's User-Agent are rate limited. Working around
@@ -609,16 +622,20 @@ def parse_graphql_video(video):
                         video = video['creation_story']
                         video['owner'] = traverse_obj(video, ('short_form_video_context', 'video_owner'))
                         video.update(reel_info)
+
                     formats = []
                     q = qualities(['sd', 'hd'])
+
+                    # Legacy formats extraction
+                    fmt_data = traverse_obj(video, ('videoDeliveryLegacyFields', {dict})) or video
                     for key, format_id in (('playable_url', 'sd'), ('playable_url_quality_hd', 'hd'),
                                            ('playable_url_dash', ''), ('browser_native_hd_url', 'hd'),
                                            ('browser_native_sd_url', 'sd')):
-                        playable_url = video.get(key)
+                        playable_url = fmt_data.get(key)
                         if not playable_url:
                             continue
                         if determine_ext(playable_url) == 'mpd':
-                            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(playable_url, video_id))
+                            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(playable_url, video_id, fatal=False))
                         else:
                             formats.append({
                                 'format_id': format_id,
@@ -626,7 +643,29 @@ def parse_graphql_video(video):
                                 'quality': q(format_id) - 3,
                                 'url': playable_url,
                             })
-                    extract_dash_manifest(video, formats)
+                    extract_dash_manifest(fmt_data, formats)
+
+                    # New videoDeliveryResponse formats extraction
+                    fmt_data = traverse_obj(video, ('videoDeliveryResponseFragment', 'videoDeliveryResponseResult'))
+                    mpd_urls = traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('dash_manifest_urls', ..., 'manifest_url', {url_or_none}))
+                    dash_manifests = traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('dash_manifests', lambda _, v: v['manifest_xml']))
+                    for idx, dash_manifest in enumerate(dash_manifests):
+                        extract_dash_manifest(dash_manifest, formats, mpd_url=traverse_obj(mpd_urls, idx))
+                    if not dash_manifests:
+                        # Only extract from MPD URLs if the manifests are not already provided
+                        for mpd_url in mpd_urls:
+                            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(mpd_url, video_id, fatal=False))
+                    for prog_fmt in traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('progressive_urls', lambda _, v: v['progressive_url'])):
+                        format_id = traverse_obj(prog_fmt, ('metadata', 'quality', {str.lower}))
+                        formats.append({
+                            'format_id': format_id,
+                            # sd, hd formats w/o resolution info should be deprioritized below DASH
+                            'quality': q(format_id) - 3,
+                            'url': prog_fmt['progressive_url'],
+                        })
+                    for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(fmt_data, ('hls_playlist_urls', ..., 'hls_playlist_url', {url_or_none})):
+                        formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls'))
+
                     if not formats:
                         # Do not append false positive entry w/o any formats
                         return
@@ -932,18 +971,21 @@ class FacebookReelIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.facebook.com/reel/1195289147628387',
-        'md5': 'f13dd37f2633595982db5ed8765474d3',
+        'md5': 'a53256d10fc2105441fe0c4212ed8cea',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1195289147628387',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:b05800b5b1ad56c0ca78bd3807b6a61e',
-            'description': 'md5:22f03309b216ac84720183961441d8db',
-            'uploader': 'md5:723e6cb3091241160f20b3c5dc282af1',
+            'title': r're:9\.6K views · 355 reactions .+ Let the “Slapathon” commence!! .+ LL COOL J · Mama Said Knock You Out$',
+            'description': r're:When your trying to help your partner .+ LL COOL J · Mama Said Knock You Out$',
+            'uploader': 'Beast Camp Training',
             'uploader_id': '100040874179269',
             'duration': 9.579,
             'timestamp': 1637502609,
             'upload_date': '20211121',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
         },
     }]
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
index eac70f6a9..f7b883155 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/fc2.py
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 
 class FC2IE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^(?:https?://video\.fc2\.com/(?:[^/]+/)*content/|fc2:)(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?:https?://video\.fc2\.com/(?:[^/]+/)*content/|fc2:)(?P<id>[^/]+)'
     IE_NAME = 'fc2'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'fc2'
     _TESTS = [{
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/firsttv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/firsttv.py
index 2d47ee561..ac7697bb3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/firsttv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/firsttv.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 class FirstTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = '1tv'
     IE_DESC = 'Первый канал'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?1tv\.ru/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:sport)?1tv\.ru/(?:[^/?#]+/)+(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         # single format
@@ -52,6 +52,9 @@ class FirstTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.1tv.ru/shows/tochvtoch-supersezon/vystupleniya/evgeniy-dyatlov-vladimir-vysockiy-koni-priveredlivye-toch-v-toch-supersezon-fragment-vypuska-ot-06-11-2016',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.sport1tv.ru/sport/chempionat-rossii-po-figurnomu-kataniyu-2025',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/francaisfacile.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/francaisfacile.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d3208c282
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/francaisfacile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    float_or_none,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class FrancaisFacileIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://francaisfacile\.rfi\.fr/[a-z]{2}/(?:actualit%C3%A9|podcasts/[^/#?]+)/(?P<id>[^/#?]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://francaisfacile.rfi.fr/fr/actualit%C3%A9/20250305-r%C3%A9concilier-les-jeunes-avec-la-lecture-gr%C3%A2ce-aux-r%C3%A9seaux-sociaux',
+        'md5': '4f33674cb205744345cc835991100afa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'WBMZ58952-FLE-FR-20250305',
+            'display_id': '20250305-réconcilier-les-jeunes-avec-la-lecture-grâce-aux-réseaux-sociaux',
+            'title': 'Réconcilier les jeunes avec la lecture grâce aux réseaux sociaux',
+            'url': 'https://aod-fle.akamaized.net/fle/sounds/fr/2025/03/05/6b6af52a-f9ba-11ef-a1f8-005056a97652.mp3',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'description': 'md5:b903c63d8585bd59e8cc4d5f80c4272d',
+            'duration': 103.15,
+            'timestamp': 1741177984,
+            'upload_date': '20250305',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://francaisfacile.rfi.fr/fr/actualit%C3%A9/20250307-argentine-le-sac-d-un-alpiniste-retrouv%C3%A9-40-ans-apr%C3%A8s-sa-mort',
+        'md5': 'b8c3a63652d4ae8e8092dda5700c1cd9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'WBMZ59102-FLE-FR-20250307',
+            'display_id': '20250307-argentine-le-sac-d-un-alpiniste-retrouvé-40-ans-après-sa-mort',
+            'title': 'Argentine: le sac d\'un alpiniste retrouvé 40 ans après sa mort',
+            'url': 'https://aod-fle.akamaized.net/fle/sounds/fr/2025/03/07/8edf4082-fb46-11ef-8a37-005056bf762b.mp3',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'description': 'md5:7fd088fbdf4a943bb68cf82462160dca',
+            'duration': 117.74,
+            'timestamp': 1741352789,
+            'upload_date': '20250307',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://francaisfacile.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/un-mot-une-histoire/20250317-le-mot-de-david-foenkinos-peut-%C3%AAtre',
+        'md5': 'db83c2cc2589b4c24571c6b6cf14f5f1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'WBMZ59441-FLE-FR-20250317',
+            'display_id': '20250317-le-mot-de-david-foenkinos-peut-être',
+            'title': 'Le mot de David Foenkinos: «peut-être» - Un mot, une histoire',
+            'url': 'https://aod-fle.akamaized.net/fle/sounds/fr/2025/03/17/4ca6cbbe-0315-11f0-a85b-005056a97652.mp3',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'description': 'md5:3fe35fae035803df696bfa7af2496e49',
+            'duration': 198.96,
+            'timestamp': 1742210897,
+            'upload_date': '20250317',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = urllib.parse.unquote(self._match_id(url))
+
+        try:  # yt-dlp's default user-agents are too old and blocked by the site
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, headers={
+                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:136.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/136.0',
+            })
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status != 403:
+                raise
+            # Retry with impersonation if hardcoded UA is insufficient
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, impersonate=True)
+
+        data = self._search_json(
+            r'<script[^>]+\bdata-media-id=[^>]+\btype="application/json"[^>]*>',
+            webpage, 'audio data', display_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': data['mediaId'],
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, display_id, fatal=False),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'url': ('sources', ..., 'url', {url_or_none}, any),
+                'duration': ('sources', ..., 'duration', {float_or_none}, any),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/francetv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/francetv.py
index ab08f1c6b..5c9f8e36d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/francetv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/francetv.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import json
 import re
 import urllib.parse
 
@@ -5,8 +6,10 @@
 from .dailymotion import DailymotionIE
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
+    extract_attributes,
     filter_dict,
     format_field,
     int_or_none,
@@ -16,7 +19,7 @@
     unsmuggle_url,
     url_or_none,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class FranceTVBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
@@ -29,6 +32,7 @@ def _make_url_result(self, video_id, url=None):
 
 
 class FranceTVIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'francetv'
     _VALID_URL = r'francetv:(?P<id>[^@#]+)'
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['FR']
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
@@ -248,18 +252,19 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class FranceTVSiteIE(FranceTVBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'francetv:site'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www\.)?france\.tv|mobile\.france\.tv)/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/]+)\.html'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.france.tv/france-2/13h15-le-dimanche/140921-les-mysteres-de-jesus.html',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'c5bda21d-2c6f-4470-8849-3d8327adb2ba',
+            'id': 'ec217ecc-0733-48cf-ac06-af1347b849d1',  # old: c5bda21d-2c6f-4470-8849-3d8327adb2ba'
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '13h15, le dimanche... - Les mystères de Jésus',
-            'timestamp': 1514118300,
-            'duration': 2880,
+            'timestamp': 1502623500,
+            'duration': 2580,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'upload_date': '20171224',
+            'upload_date': '20170813',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -282,6 +287,7 @@ class FranceTVSiteIE(FranceTVBaseInfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
             'duration': 1441,
         },
+        'skip': 'No longer available',
     }, {
         # geo-restricted livestream (workflow == 'token-akamai')
         'url': 'https://www.france.tv/france-4/direct.html',
@@ -336,19 +342,33 @@ class FranceTVSiteIE(FranceTVBaseInfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    # XXX: For parsing next.js v15+ data; see also yt_dlp.extractor.goplay
+    def _find_json(self, s):
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'\w+\s*:\s*', s, 'next js data', None, contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', default=None)
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
-
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
 
-        video_id = self._search_regex(
-            r'(?:data-main-video\s*=|videoId["\']?\s*[:=])\s*(["\'])(?P<id>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
-            webpage, 'video id', default=None, group='id')
+        nextjs_data = traverse_obj(
+            re.findall(r'<script[^>]*>\s*self\.__next_f\.push\(\s*(\[.+?\])\s*\);?\s*</script>', webpage),
+            (..., {json.loads}, ..., {self._find_json}, ..., 'children', ..., ..., 'children', ..., ..., 'children'))
+
+        if traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (..., ..., 'children', ..., 'isLive', {bool}, any)):
+            # For livestreams we need the id of the stream instead of the currently airing episode id
+            video_id = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (
+                ..., ..., 'children', ..., 'children', ..., 'children', ..., 'children', ..., ...,
+                'children', ..., ..., 'children', ..., ..., 'children', (..., (..., ...)),
+                'options', 'id', {str}, any))
+        else:
+            video_id = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (
+                ..., ..., ..., 'children',
+                lambda _, v: v['video']['url'] == urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path,
+                'video', ('playerReplayId', 'siId'), {str}, any))
 
         if not video_id:
-            video_id = self._html_search_regex(
-                r'(?:href=|player\.setVideo\(\s*)"http://videos?\.francetv\.fr/video/([^@"]+@[^"]+)"',
-                webpage, 'video ID')
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract video ID')
 
         return self._make_url_result(video_id, url=url)
 
@@ -441,11 +461,16 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 self.url_result(dailymotion_url, DailymotionIE.ie_key())
                 for dailymotion_url in dailymotion_urls])
 
-        video_id = self._search_regex(
-            (r'player\.load[^;]+src:\s*["\']([^"\']+)',
-             r'id-video=([^@]+@[^"]+)',
-             r'<a[^>]+href="(?:https?:)?//videos\.francetv\.fr/video/([^@]+@[^"]+)"',
-             r'(?:data-id|<figure[^<]+\bid)=["\']([\da-f]{8}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{12})'),
-            webpage, 'video id')
+        video_id = (
+            traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_element(tag='button', attr='data-cy', value='francetv-player-wrapper', html=True)},
+                {extract_attributes}, 'id'))
+            or self._search_regex(
+                (r'player\.load[^;]+src:\s*["\']([^"\']+)',
+                 r'id-video=([^@]+@[^"]+)',
+                 r'<a[^>]+href="(?:https?:)?//videos\.francetv\.fr/video/([^@]+@[^"]+)"',
+                 r'(?:data-id|<figure[^<]+\bid)=["\']([\da-f]{8}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{4}-[\da-f]{12})'),
+                webpage, 'video id')
+        )
 
         return self._make_url_result(video_id, url=url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
deleted file mode 100644
index d3e61c84f..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/funimation.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,349 +0,0 @@
-import random
-import re
-import string
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    determine_ext,
-    int_or_none,
-    join_nonempty,
-    js_to_json,
-    make_archive_id,
-    orderedSet,
-    qualities,
-    str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_get,
-    urlencode_postdata,
-)
-
-
-class FunimationBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'funimation'
-    _REGION = None
-    _TOKEN = None
-
-    def _get_region(self):
-        region_cookie = self._get_cookies('https://www.funimation.com').get('region')
-        region = region_cookie.value if region_cookie else self.get_param('geo_bypass_country')
-        return region or traverse_obj(
-            self._download_json(
-                'https://geo-service.prd.funimationsvc.com/geo/v1/region/check', None, fatal=False,
-                note='Checking geo-location', errnote='Unable to fetch geo-location information'),
-            'region') or 'US'
-
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        if self._TOKEN:
-            return
-        try:
-            data = self._download_json(
-                'https://prod-api-funimationnow.dadcdigital.com/api/auth/login/',
-                None, 'Logging in', data=urlencode_postdata({
-                    'username': username,
-                    'password': password,
-                }))
-            FunimationBaseIE._TOKEN = data['token']
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
-                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), None)['error']
-                raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
-            raise
-
-
-class FunimationPageIE(FunimationBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'funimation:page'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?funimation(?:\.com|now\.uk)/(?:(?P<lang>[^/]+)/)?(?:shows|v)/(?P<show>[^/]+)/(?P<episode>[^/?#&]+)'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.funimation.com/shows/attack-on-titan-junior-high/broadcast-dub-preview/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '210050',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Broadcast Dub Preview',
-            # Other metadata is tested in FunimationIE
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
-        },
-        'add_ie': ['Funimation'],
-    }, {
-        # Not available in US
-        'url': 'https://www.funimation.com/shows/hacksign/role-play/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # with lang code
-        'url': 'https://www.funimation.com/en/shows/hacksign/role-play/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.funimationnow.uk/shows/puzzle-dragons-x/drop-impact/simulcast/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.funimation.com/v/a-certain-scientific-railgun/super-powered-level-5',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        if not self._REGION:
-            FunimationBaseIE._REGION = self._get_region()
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        locale, show, episode = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'show', 'episode')
-
-        video_id = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            f'https://title-api.prd.funimationsvc.com/v1/shows/{show}/episodes/{episode}',
-            f'{show}_{episode}', query={
-                'deviceType': 'web',
-                'region': self._REGION,
-                'locale': locale or 'en',
-            }), ('videoList', ..., 'id'), get_all=False)
-
-        return self.url_result(f'https://www.funimation.com/player/{video_id}', FunimationIE.ie_key(), video_id)
-
-
-class FunimationIE(FunimationBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?funimation\.com/player/(?P<id>\d+)'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.funimation.com/player/210051',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '210050',
-            'display_id': 'broadcast-dub-preview',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Broadcast Dub Preview',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
-            'episode': 'Broadcast Dub Preview',
-            'episode_id': '210050',
-            'season': 'Extras',
-            'season_id': '166038',
-            'season_number': 99,
-            'series': 'Attack on Titan: Junior High',
-            'description': '',
-            'duration': 155,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'note': 'player_id should be extracted with the relevent compat-opt',
-        'url': 'https://www.funimation.com/player/210051',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '210051',
-            'display_id': 'broadcast-dub-preview',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Broadcast Dub Preview',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
-            'episode': 'Broadcast Dub Preview',
-            'episode_id': '210050',
-            'season': 'Extras',
-            'season_id': '166038',
-            'season_number': 99,
-            'series': 'Attack on Titan: Junior High',
-            'description': '',
-            'duration': 155,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': 'm3u8',
-            'compat_opts': ['seperate-video-versions'],
-        },
-    }]
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _get_experiences(episode):
-        for lang, lang_data in episode.get('languages', {}).items():
-            for video_data in lang_data.values():
-                for version, f in video_data.items():
-                    yield lang, version.title(), f
-
-    def _get_episode(self, webpage, experience_id=None, episode_id=None, fatal=True):
-        """ Extract the episode, season and show objects given either episode/experience id """
-        show = self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'show\s*=\s*({.+?})\s*;', webpage, 'show data', fatal=fatal),
-            experience_id, transform_source=js_to_json, fatal=fatal) or []
-        for season in show.get('seasons', []):
-            for episode in season.get('episodes', []):
-                if episode_id is not None:
-                    if str(episode.get('episodePk')) == episode_id:
-                        return episode, season, show
-                    continue
-                for _, _, f in self._get_experiences(episode):
-                    if f.get('experienceId') == experience_id:
-                        return episode, season, show
-        if fatal:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find episode information')
-        else:
-            self.report_warning('Unable to find episode information')
-        return {}, {}, {}
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        initial_experience_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            url, initial_experience_id, note=f'Downloading player webpage for {initial_experience_id}')
-        episode, season, show = self._get_episode(webpage, experience_id=int(initial_experience_id))
-        episode_id = str(episode['episodePk'])
-        display_id = episode.get('slug') or episode_id
-
-        formats, subtitles, thumbnails, duration = [], {}, [], 0
-        requested_languages, requested_versions = self._configuration_arg('language'), self._configuration_arg('version')
-        language_preference = qualities((requested_languages or [''])[::-1])
-        source_preference = qualities((requested_versions or ['uncut', 'simulcast'])[::-1])
-        only_initial_experience = 'seperate-video-versions' in self.get_param('compat_opts', [])
-
-        for lang, version, fmt in self._get_experiences(episode):
-            experience_id = str(fmt['experienceId'])
-            if (only_initial_experience and experience_id != initial_experience_id
-                    or requested_languages and lang.lower() not in requested_languages
-                    or requested_versions and version.lower() not in requested_versions):
-                continue
-            thumbnails.append({'url': fmt.get('poster')})
-            duration = max(duration, fmt.get('duration', 0))
-            format_name = f'{version} {lang} ({experience_id})'
-            self.extract_subtitles(
-                subtitles, experience_id, display_id=display_id, format_name=format_name,
-                episode=episode if experience_id == initial_experience_id else episode_id)
-
-            headers = {}
-            if self._TOKEN:
-                headers['Authorization'] = f'Token {self._TOKEN}'
-            page = self._download_json(
-                f'https://www.funimation.com/api/showexperience/{experience_id}/',
-                display_id, headers=headers, expected_status=403, query={
-                    'pinst_id': ''.join(random.choices(string.digits + string.ascii_letters, k=8)),
-                }, note=f'Downloading {format_name} JSON')
-            sources = page.get('items') or []
-            if not sources:
-                error = try_get(page, lambda x: x['errors'][0], dict)
-                if error:
-                    self.report_warning('{} said: Error {} - {}'.format(
-                        self.IE_NAME, error.get('code'), error.get('detail') or error.get('title')))
-                else:
-                    self.report_warning('No sources found for format')
-
-            current_formats = []
-            for source in sources:
-                source_url = source.get('src')
-                source_type = source.get('videoType') or determine_ext(source_url)
-                if source_type == 'm3u8':
-                    current_formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        source_url, display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='{}-{}'.format(experience_id, 'hls'), fatal=False,
-                        note=f'Downloading {format_name} m3u8 information'))
-                else:
-                    current_formats.append({
-                        'format_id': f'{experience_id}-{source_type}',
-                        'url': source_url,
-                    })
-                for f in current_formats:
-                    # TODO: Convert language to code
-                    f.update({
-                        'language': lang,
-                        'format_note': version,
-                        'source_preference': source_preference(version.lower()),
-                        'language_preference': language_preference(lang.lower()),
-                    })
-                formats.extend(current_formats)
-        if not formats and (requested_languages or requested_versions):
-            self.raise_no_formats(
-                'There are no video formats matching the requested languages/versions', expected=True, video_id=display_id)
-        self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
-
-        return {
-            'id': episode_id,
-            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id(self, initial_experience_id)],
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'duration': duration,
-            'title': episode['episodeTitle'],
-            'description': episode.get('episodeSummary'),
-            'episode': episode.get('episodeTitle'),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(episode.get('episodeId')),
-            'episode_id': episode_id,
-            'season': season.get('seasonTitle'),
-            'season_number': int_or_none(season.get('seasonId')),
-            'season_id': str_or_none(season.get('seasonPk')),
-            'series': show.get('showTitle'),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            '_format_sort_fields': ('lang', 'source'),
-        }
-
-    def _get_subtitles(self, subtitles, experience_id, episode, display_id, format_name):
-        if isinstance(episode, str):
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                f'https://www.funimation.com/player/{experience_id}/', display_id,
-                fatal=False, note=f'Downloading player webpage for {format_name}')
-            episode, _, _ = self._get_episode(webpage, episode_id=episode, fatal=False)
-
-        for _, version, f in self._get_experiences(episode):
-            for source in f.get('sources'):
-                for text_track in source.get('textTracks'):
-                    if not text_track.get('src'):
-                        continue
-                    sub_type = text_track.get('type').upper()
-                    sub_type = sub_type if sub_type != 'FULL' else None
-                    current_sub = {
-                        'url': text_track['src'],
-                        'name': join_nonempty(version, text_track.get('label'), sub_type, delim=' '),
-                    }
-                    lang = join_nonempty(text_track.get('language', 'und'),
-                                         version if version != 'Simulcast' else None,
-                                         sub_type, delim='_')
-                    if current_sub not in subtitles.get(lang, []):
-                        subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append(current_sub)
-        return subtitles
-
-
-class FunimationShowIE(FunimationBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'funimation:show'
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?funimation(?:\.com|now\.uk)/(?P<locale>[^/]+)?/?shows/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))/?(?:[?#]|$)'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.funimation.com/en/shows/sk8-the-infinity',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1315000',
-            'title': 'SK8 the Infinity',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 13,
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        # without lang code
-        'url': 'https://www.funimation.com/shows/ouran-high-school-host-club/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '39643',
-            'title': 'Ouran High School Host Club',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 26,
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        if not self._REGION:
-            FunimationBaseIE._REGION = self._get_region()
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        base_url, locale, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-
-        show_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://title-api.prd.funimationsvc.com/v2/shows/{}?region={}&deviceType=web&locale={}'.format(
-                display_id, self._REGION, locale or 'en'), display_id)
-        items_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://prod-api-funimationnow.dadcdigital.com/api/funimation/episodes/?limit=99999&title_id={}'.format(
-                show_info.get('id')), display_id)
-
-        vod_items = traverse_obj(items_info, ('items', ..., lambda k, _: re.match(r'(?i)mostRecent[AS]vod', k), 'item'))
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'playlist',
-            'id': str_or_none(show_info['id']),
-            'title': show_info['name'],
-            'entries': orderedSet(
-                self.url_result(
-                    '{}/{}'.format(base_url, vod_item.get('episodeSlug')), FunimationPageIE.ie_key(),
-                    vod_item.get('episodeId'), vod_item.get('episodeName'))
-                for vod_item in sorted(vod_items, key=lambda x: x.get('episodeOrder', -1))),
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/funk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/funk.py
index 8bdea3fce..ef8ea72a8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/funk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/funk.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 
 
 class FunkIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|origin\.)?funk\.net/(?:channel|playlist)/[^/]+/(?P<display_id>[0-9a-z-]+)-(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|origin|play)\.)?funk\.net/(?:channel|playlist)/[^/?#]+/(?P<display_id>[0-9a-z-]+)-(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.funk.net/channel/ba-793/die-lustigsten-instrumente-aus-dem-internet-teil-2-1155821',
         'md5': '8610449476156f338761a75391b0017d',
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ class FunkIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.funk.net/playlist/neuesteVideos/kameras-auf-dem-fusion-festival-1618699',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://play.funk.net/playlist/neuesteVideos/george-floyd-wenn-die-polizei-toetet-der-fall-2004391',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/gamedevtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/gamedevtv.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..06e8b7356
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/gamedevtv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    str_or_none,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class GameDevTVDashboardIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?gamedev\.tv/dashboard/courses/(?P<course_id>\d+)(?:/(?P<lecture_id>\d+))?'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'gamedevtv'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.gamedev.tv/dashboard/courses/25',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '25',
+            'title': 'Complete Blender Creator 3: Learn 3D Modelling for Beginners',
+            'tags': ['blender', 'course', 'all', 'box modelling', 'sculpting'],
+            'categories': ['Blender', '3D Art'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://gamedev-files.b-cdn.net/courses/qisc9pmu1jdc.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20220516',
+            'timestamp': 1652694420,
+            'modified_date': '20241027',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1730049658,
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 100,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.gamedev.tv/dashboard/courses/63/2279',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'df04f4d8-68a4-4756-a71b-9ca9446c3a01',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1701695752,
+            'upload_date': '20230504',
+            'episode': 'MagicaVoxel Community Course Introduction',
+            'series_id': '63',
+            'title': 'MagicaVoxel Community Course Introduction',
+            'timestamp': 1683195397,
+            'modified_date': '20231204',
+            'categories': ['3D Art', 'MagicaVoxel'],
+            'season': 'MagicaVoxel Community Course',
+            'tags': ['MagicaVoxel', 'all', 'course'],
+            'series': 'MagicaVoxel 3D Art Mini Course',
+            'duration': 1405,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season_id': '219',
+            'description': 'md5:a378738c5bbec1c785d76c067652d650',
+            'display_id': '63-219-2279',
+            'alt_title': '1_CC_MVX MagicaVoxel Community Course Introduction.mp4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://vz-23691c65-6fa.b-cdn.net/df04f4d8-68a4-4756-a71b-9ca9446c3a01/thumbnail.jpg',
+        },
+    }]
+    _API_HEADERS = {}
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        try:
+            response = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.gamedev.tv/api/students/login', None, 'Logging in',
+                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+                data=json.dumps({
+                    'email': username,
+                    'password': password,
+                    'cart_items': [],
+                }).encode())
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username/password', expected=True)
+            raise
+
+        self._API_HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'{response["token_type"]} {response["access_token"]}'
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if not self._API_HEADERS.get('Authorization'):
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'This content is only available with purchase', method='password')
+
+    def _entries(self, data, course_id, course_info, selected_lecture):
+        for section in traverse_obj(data, ('sections', ..., {dict})):
+            section_info = traverse_obj(section, {
+                'season_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'season': ('title', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('order', {int_or_none}),
+            })
+            for lecture in traverse_obj(section, ('lectures', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['video']['playListUrl']))):
+                if selected_lecture and str(lecture.get('id')) != selected_lecture:
+                    continue
+                display_id = join_nonempty(course_id, section_info.get('season_id'), lecture.get('id'))
+                formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    lecture['video']['playListUrl'], display_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+                yield {
+                    **course_info,
+                    **section_info,
+                    'id': display_id,  # fallback
+                    'display_id': display_id,
+                    'formats': formats,
+                    'subtitles': subtitles,
+                    'series': course_info.get('title'),
+                    'series_id': course_id,
+                    **traverse_obj(lecture, {
+                        'id': ('video', 'guid', {str}),
+                        'title': ('title', {str}),
+                        'alt_title': ('video', 'title', {str}),
+                        'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                        'episode': ('title', {str}),
+                        'episode_number': ('order', {int_or_none}),
+                        'duration': ('video', 'duration_in_sec', {int_or_none}),
+                        'timestamp': ('video', 'created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                        'modified_timestamp': ('video', 'updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                        'thumbnail': ('video', 'thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                    }),
+                }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        course_id, lecture_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('course_id', 'lecture_id')
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.gamedev.tv/api/courses/my/{course_id}', course_id,
+            headers=self._API_HEADERS)['data']
+
+        course_info = traverse_obj(data, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
+            'categories': ('categories', ..., 'title', {str}),
+            'timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'modified_timestamp': ('updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+        })
+
+        entries = self._entries(data, course_id, course_info, lecture_id)
+        if lecture_id:
+            lecture = next(entries, None)
+            if not lecture:
+                raise ExtractorError('Lecture not found')
+            return lecture
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, course_id, **course_info)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
index 04cffaa86..b0c7be462 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
@@ -8,11 +8,15 @@
 from .commonprotocols import RtmpIE
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..compat import compat_etree_fromstring
+from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..networking.impersonate import ImpersonateTarget
 from ..utils import (
     KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     MEDIA_EXTENSIONS,
     ExtractorError,
     UnsupportedError,
+    base_url,
     determine_ext,
     determine_protocol,
     dict_get,
@@ -290,6 +294,19 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'timestamp': 1378272859.0,
             },
         },
+        # Live DASH MPD
+        {
+            'url': 'https://livesim2.dashif.org/livesim2/ato_10/testpic_2s/Manifest.mpd',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'Manifest',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': r're:Manifest \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'livestream',
+            },
+        },
         # m3u8 served with Content-Type: audio/x-mpegURL; charset=utf-8
         {
             'url': 'http://once.unicornmedia.com/now/master/playlist/bb0b18ba-64f5-4b1b-a29f-0ac252f06b68/77a785f3-5188-4806-b788-0893a61634ed/93677179-2d99-4ef4-9e17-fe70d49abfbf/content.m3u8',
@@ -2197,10 +2214,21 @@ def hex_or_none(value):
             if is_live is not None:
                 info['live_status'] = 'not_live' if is_live == 'false' else 'is_live'
                 return
-            headers = m3u8_format.get('http_headers') or info.get('http_headers')
-            duration = self._extract_m3u8_vod_duration(
-                m3u8_format['url'], info.get('id'), note='Checking m3u8 live status',
-                errnote='Failed to download m3u8 media playlist', headers=headers)
+            headers = m3u8_format.get('http_headers') or info.get('http_headers') or {}
+            display_id = info.get('id')
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                m3u8_format['url'], display_id, 'Checking m3u8 live status', errnote=False,
+                headers={**headers, 'Accept-Encoding': 'identity'}, fatal=False)
+            if urlh is False:
+                return
+            first_bytes = urlh.read(512)
+            if not first_bytes.startswith(b'#EXTM3U'):
+                return
+            m3u8_doc = self._webpage_read_content(
+                urlh, urlh.url, display_id, prefix=first_bytes, fatal=False, errnote=False)
+            if not m3u8_doc:
+                return
+            duration = self._parse_m3u8_vod_duration(m3u8_doc, display_id)
             if not duration:
                 info['live_status'] = 'is_live'
             info['duration'] = info.get('duration') or duration
@@ -2340,7 +2368,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 default_search = 'fixup_error'
 
             if default_search in ('auto', 'auto_warning', 'fixup_error'):
-                if re.match(r'^[^\s/]+\.[^\s/]+/', url):
+                if re.match(r'[^\s/]+\.[^\s/]+/', url):
                     self.report_warning('The url doesn\'t specify the protocol, trying with http')
                     return self.url_result('http://' + url)
                 elif default_search != 'fixup_error':
@@ -2373,6 +2401,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         else:
             video_id = self._generic_id(url)
 
+        # Do not impersonate by default; see https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11335
+        impersonate = self._configuration_arg('impersonate', ['false'])
+        if 'false' in impersonate:
+            impersonate = None
+
         # Some webservers may serve compressed content of rather big size (e.g. gzipped flac)
         # making it impossible to download only chunk of the file (yet we need only 512kB to
         # test whether it's HTML or not). According to yt-dlp default Accept-Encoding
@@ -2381,10 +2414,29 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         # to accept raw bytes and being able to download only a chunk.
         # It may probably better to solve this by checking Content-Type for application/octet-stream
         # after a HEAD request, but not sure if we can rely on this.
-        full_response = self._request_webpage(url, video_id, headers=filter_dict({
-            'Accept-Encoding': 'identity',
-            'Referer': smuggled_data.get('referer'),
-        }))
+        try:
+            full_response = self._request_webpage(url, video_id, headers=filter_dict({
+                'Accept-Encoding': 'identity',
+                'Referer': smuggled_data.get('referer'),
+            }), impersonate=impersonate)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if not (isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403
+                    and e.cause.response.get_header('cf-mitigated') == 'challenge'
+                    and e.cause.response.extensions.get('impersonate') is None):
+                raise
+            cf_cookie_domain = traverse_obj(
+                LenientSimpleCookie(e.cause.response.get_header('set-cookie')),
+                ('__cf_bm', 'domain'))
+            if cf_cookie_domain:
+                self.write_debug(f'Clearing __cf_bm cookie for {cf_cookie_domain}')
+                self.cookiejar.clear(domain=cf_cookie_domain, path='/', name='__cf_bm')
+            msg = 'Got HTTP Error 403 caused by Cloudflare anti-bot challenge; '
+            if not self._downloader._impersonate_target_available(ImpersonateTarget()):
+                msg += ('see  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp#impersonation  for '
+                        'how to install the required impersonation dependency, and ')
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                f'{msg}try again with  --extractor-args "generic:impersonate"', expected=True)
+
         new_url = full_response.url
         if new_url != extract_basic_auth(url)[0]:
             self.report_following_redirect(new_url)
@@ -2400,7 +2452,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         # Check for direct link to a video
         content_type = full_response.headers.get('Content-Type', '').lower()
-        m = re.match(r'^(?P<type>audio|video|application(?=/(?:ogg$|(?:vnd\.apple\.|x-)?mpegurl)))/(?P<format_id>[^;\s]+)', content_type)
+        m = re.match(r'(?P<type>audio|video|application(?=/(?:ogg$|(?:vnd\.apple\.|x-)?mpegurl)))/(?P<format_id>[^;\s]+)', content_type)
         if m:
             self.report_detected('direct video link')
             headers = filter_dict({'Referer': smuggled_data.get('referer')})
@@ -2409,10 +2461,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             subtitles = {}
             if format_id.endswith('mpegurl') or ext == 'm3u8':
                 formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(url, video_id, 'mp4', headers=headers)
-            elif format_id.endswith(('mpd', 'dash+xml')) or ext == 'mpd':
-                formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(url, video_id, headers=headers)
             elif format_id == 'f4m' or ext == 'f4m':
                 formats = self._extract_f4m_formats(url, video_id, headers=headers)
+            # Don't check for DASH/mpd here, do it later w/ first_bytes. Same number of requests either way
             else:
                 formats = [{
                     'format_id': format_id,
@@ -2492,8 +2543,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             elif re.match(r'(?i)^(?:{[^}]+})?MPD$', doc.tag):
                 info_dict['formats'], info_dict['subtitles'] = self._parse_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
                     doc,
-                    mpd_base_url=full_response.url.rpartition('/')[0],
+                    mpd_base_url=base_url(full_response.url),
                     mpd_url=url)
+                info_dict['live_status'] = 'is_live' if doc.get('type') == 'dynamic' else None
                 self._extra_manifest_info(info_dict, url)
                 self.report_detected('DASH manifest')
                 return info_dict
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/germanupa.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/germanupa.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e40f016b2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/germanupa.py
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .vimeo import VimeoIE
+from ..utils import (
+    parse_qs,
+    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+
+
+class GermanupaIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'germanupa.de'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://germanupa\.de/mediathek/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://germanupa.de/mediathek/4-figma-beratung-deine-sprechstunde-fuer-figma-fragen',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '909179246',
+            'title': 'Tutorial: #4 Figma Beratung - Deine Sprechstunde für Figma-Fragen',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'German UPA',
+            'uploader_id': 'germanupa',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1792564420-7415283ccef8bf8702dab8c6b7515555ceeb7a1c11371ffcc133b8e887dbf70e-d_1280',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/germanupa',
+            'duration': 3987,
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'note': 'audio, uses GenericIE',
+        'url': 'https://germanupa.de/mediathek/live-vom-ux-festival-neuigkeiten-von-figma-jobmarkt-agenturszene-interview-zu-sustainable',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1867346676',
+            'title': 'Live vom UX Festival: Neuigkeiten von Figma, Jobmarkt, Agenturszene & Interview zu Sustainable UX',
+            'ext': 'opus',
+            'timestamp': 1720545088,
+            'upload_date': '20240709',
+            'duration': 3910.557,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:db2aed5ff131e177a7b33901e9a8db05',
+            'uploader': 'German UPA',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'genres': ['Science'],
+            'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/user-80097677',
+            'uploader_id': '471579486',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-oCti2e9GhaZFWBqY-48ybGw-original.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Nur für Mitglieder/Just for members',
+        'url': 'https://germanupa.de/mediathek/ux-festival-2024-usability-tests-und-ai',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '986994430',
+            'title': 'UX Festival 2024 "Usability Tests und AI" von Lennart Weber',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'release_date': '20240719',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/germanupa',
+            'timestamp': 1721373980,
+            'license': 'by-sa',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1904187064-2a672630c30f9ad787bd390bff3f51d7506a3e8416763ba6dbf465732b165c5c-d_1280',
+            'duration': 2146,
+            'release_timestamp': 1721373980,
+            'uploader': 'German UPA',
+            'uploader_id': 'germanupa',
+            'upload_date': '20240719',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+        'skip': 'login required',
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        param_url = traverse_obj(
+            self._search_regex(
+                r'<iframe[^>]+data-src\s*?=\s*?([\'"])(?P<url>https://germanupa\.de/media/oembed\?url=(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
+                webpage, 'embedded video', default=None, group='url'),
+            ({parse_qs}, 'url', 0, {url_or_none}))
+
+        if not param_url:
+            if self._search_regex(
+                    r'<div[^>]+class\s*?=\s*?([\'"])(?:(?!\1).)*login-wrapper(?:(?!\1).)*\1',
+                    webpage, 'login wrapper', default=None):
+                self.raise_login_required('This video is only available for members')
+            return self.url_result(url, 'Generic')  # Fall back to generic to extract audio
+
+        real_url = param_url.replace('https://vimeo.com/', 'https://player.vimeo.com/video/')
+        return self.url_result(VimeoIE._smuggle_referrer(real_url, url), VimeoIE, video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py
index 53b881011..b7581d77e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ class GetCourseRuIE(InfoExtractor):
     _BASE_URL_RE = rf'https?://(?:(?!player02\.)[^.]+\.getcourse\.(?:ru|io)|{"|".join(map(re.escape, _DOMAINS))})'
     _VALID_URL = [
         rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/(?!pl/|teach/)(?P<id>[^?#]+)',
-        rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/(:?pl/)?teach/control/lesson/view\?(?:[^#]+&)?id=(?P<id>\d+)',
+        rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/(?:pl/)?teach/control/lesson/view\?(?:[^#]+&)?id=(?P<id>\d+)',
     ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://academymel.online/3video_1',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/gigya.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/gigya.py
deleted file mode 100644
index cc18ee67c..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/gigya.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    urlencode_postdata,
-)
-
-
-class GigyaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    def _gigya_login(self, auth_data):
-        auth_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://accounts.eu1.gigya.com/accounts.login', None,
-            note='Logging in', errnote='Unable to log in',
-            data=urlencode_postdata(auth_data))
-
-        error_message = auth_info.get('errorDetails') or auth_info.get('errorMessage')
-        if error_message:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Unable to login: {error_message}', expected=True)
-        return auth_info
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py
index d72296be6..893202285 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py
@@ -1,32 +1,48 @@
-import base64
-import hashlib
 import json
-import random
 import re
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
+    determine_ext,
+    filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
     orderedSet,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import subs_list_to_dict, traverse_obj
 
 
 class GloboIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?:globo:|https?://.+?\.globo\.com/(?:[^/]+/)*(?:v/(?:[^/]+/)?|videos/))(?P<id>\d{7,})'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?:globo:|https?://[^/?#]+?\.globo\.com/(?:[^/?#]+/))(?P<id>\d{7,})'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'globo'
+    _VIDEO_VIEW = '''
+    query getVideoView($videoId: ID!) {
+        video(id: $videoId) {
+            duration
+            description
+            relatedEpisodeNumber
+            relatedSeasonNumber
+            headline
+            title {
+                originProgramId
+                headline
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    '''
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://g1.globo.com/carros/autoesporte/videos/t/exclusivos-do-g1/v/mercedes-benz-gla-passa-por-teste-de-colisao-na-europa/3607726/',
+        'url': 'https://globoplay.globo.com/v/3607726/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '3607726',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Mercedes-Benz GLA passa por teste de colisão na Europa',
             'duration': 103.204,
-            'uploader': 'G1',
-            'uploader_id': '2015',
+            'uploader': 'G1 ao vivo',
+            'uploader_id': '4209',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -38,39 +54,46 @@ class GloboIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Acidentes de trânsito estão entre as maiores causas de queda de energia em SP',
             'duration': 137.973,
-            'uploader': 'Rede Globo',
-            'uploader_id': '196',
+            'uploader': 'Bom Dia Brasil',
+            'uploader_id': '810',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://canalbrasil.globo.com/programas/sangue-latino/videos/3928201.html',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://globosatplay.globo.com/globonews/v/4472924/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://globotv.globo.com/t/programa/v/clipe-sexo-e-as-negas-adeus/3836166/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://globotv.globo.com/canal-brasil/sangue-latino/t/todos-os-videos/v/ator-e-diretor-argentino-ricado-darin-fala-sobre-utopias-e-suas-perdas/3928201/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://canaloff.globo.com/programas/desejar-profundo/videos/4518560.html',
-        'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'globo:3607726',
         'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://globoplay.globo.com/v/10248083/',
+    },
+        {
+        'url': 'globo:8013907',  # needs subscription to globoplay
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10248083',
+            'id': '8013907',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Melhores momentos: Equador 1 x 1 Brasil pelas Eliminatórias da Copa do Mundo 2022',
-            'duration': 530.964,
-            'uploader': 'SporTV',
-            'uploader_id': '698',
+            'title': 'Capítulo de 14/08/1989',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'uploader': 'Tieta',
+            'uploader_id': '11895',
+            'duration': 2858.389,
+            'subtitles': 'count:1',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    },
+        {
+        'url': 'globo:12824146',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '12824146',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Acordo de damas',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'uploader': 'Rensga Hits!',
+            'uploader_id': '20481',
+            'duration': 1953.994,
+            'season': 'Season 2',
+            'season_number': 2,
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -80,98 +103,71 @@ class GloboIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        self._request_webpage(
-            HEADRequest('https://globo-ab.globo.com/v2/selected-alternatives?experiments=player-isolated-experiment-02&skipImpressions=true'),
-            video_id, 'Getting cookies')
-
-        video = self._download_json(
-            f'http://api.globovideos.com/videos/{video_id}/playlist',
-            video_id)['videos'][0]
-        if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and video.get('encrypted') is True:
-            self.report_drm(video_id)
-
-        title = video['title']
+        info = self._download_json(
+            'https://cloud-jarvis.globo.com/graphql', video_id,
+            query={
+                'operationName': 'getVideoView',
+                'variables': json.dumps({'videoId': video_id}),
+                'query': self._VIDEO_VIEW,
+            }, headers={
+                'content-type': 'application/json',
+                'x-platform-id': 'web',
+                'x-device-id': 'desktop',
+                'x-client-version': '2024.12-5',
+            })['data']['video']
 
         formats = []
-        security = self._download_json(
-            'https://playback.video.globo.com/v2/video-session', video_id, f'Downloading security hash for {video_id}',
-            headers={'content-type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps({
-                'player_type': 'desktop',
+        video = self._download_json(
+            'https://playback.video.globo.com/v4/video-session', video_id,
+            f'Downloading resource info for {video_id}',
+            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+            data=json.dumps(filter_dict({
+                'player_type': 'mirakulo_8k_hdr',
                 'video_id': video_id,
                 'quality': 'max',
                 'content_protection': 'widevine',
-                'vsid': '581b986b-4c40-71f0-5a58-803e579d5fa2',
-                'tz': '-3.0:00',
-            }).encode())
+                'vsid': f'{uuid.uuid4()}',
+                'consumption': 'streaming',
+                'capabilities': {'low_latency': True},
+                'tz': '-03:00',
+                'Authorization': try_get(self._get_cookies('https://globo.com'),
+                                         lambda x: f'Bearer {x["GLBID"].value}'),
+                'version': 1,
+            })).encode())
 
-        self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(security['sources'][0]['url_template']), video_id, 'Getting locksession cookie')
+        if traverse_obj(video, ('resource', 'drm_protection_enabled', {bool})):
+            self.report_drm(video_id)
 
-        security_hash = security['sources'][0]['token']
-        if not security_hash:
-            message = security.get('message')
-            if message:
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    f'{self.IE_NAME} returned error: {message}', expected=True)
+        main_source = video['sources'][0]
 
-        hash_code = security_hash[:2]
-        padding = '%010d' % random.randint(1, 10000000000)
-        if hash_code in ('04', '14'):
-            received_time = security_hash[3:13]
-            received_md5 = security_hash[24:]
-            hash_prefix = security_hash[:23]
-        elif hash_code in ('02', '12', '03', '13'):
-            received_time = security_hash[2:12]
-            received_md5 = security_hash[22:]
-            padding += '1'
-            hash_prefix = '05' + security_hash[:22]
+        # 4k streams are exclusively outputted in dash, so we need to filter these out
+        if determine_ext(main_source['url']) == 'mpd':
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(main_source['url'], video_id, mpd_id='dash')
+        else:
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                main_source['url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
 
-        padded_sign_time = str(int(received_time) + 86400) + padding
-        md5_data = (received_md5 + padded_sign_time + '0xAC10FD').encode()
-        signed_md5 = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(hashlib.md5(md5_data).digest()).decode().strip('=')
-        signed_hash = hash_prefix + padded_sign_time + signed_md5
-        source = security['sources'][0]['url_parts']
-        resource_url = source['scheme'] + '://' + source['domain'] + source['path']
-        signed_url = '{}?h={}&k=html5&a={}'.format(resource_url, signed_hash, 'F' if video.get('subscriber_only') else 'A')
-
-        fmts, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-            signed_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
-        formats.extend(fmts)
-
-        for resource in video['resources']:
-            if resource.get('type') == 'subtitle':
-                subtitles.setdefault(resource.get('language') or 'por', []).append({
-                    'url': resource.get('url'),
-                })
-        subs = try_get(security, lambda x: x['source']['subtitles'], expected_type=dict) or {}
-        for sub_lang, sub_url in subs.items():
-            if sub_url:
-                subtitles.setdefault(sub_lang or 'por', []).append({
-                    'url': sub_url,
-                })
-        subs = try_get(security, lambda x: x['source']['subtitles_webvtt'], expected_type=dict) or {}
-        for sub_lang, sub_url in subs.items():
-            if sub_url:
-                subtitles.setdefault(sub_lang or 'por', []).append({
-                    'url': sub_url,
-                })
-
-        duration = float_or_none(video.get('duration'), 1000)
-        uploader = video.get('channel')
-        uploader_id = str_or_none(video.get('channel_id'))
+        self._merge_subtitles(traverse_obj(main_source, ('text', ..., ('caption', 'subtitle'), {
+            'url': ('srt', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='pt-BR')})), target=subtitles)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'duration': duration,
-            'uploader': uploader,
-            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
+            **traverse_obj(info, {
+                'title': ('headline', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'uploader': ('title', 'headline', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('title', 'originProgramId', {str_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('relatedEpisodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_number': ('relatedSeasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
         }
 
 
 class GloboArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://.+?\.globo\.com/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/.]+)(?:\.html)?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?!globoplay).+?\.globo\.com/(?:[^/?#]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#.]+)(?:\.html)?'
 
     _VIDEOID_REGEXES = [
         r'\bdata-video-id=["\'](\d{7,})["\']',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/golem.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/golem.py
index 90d2fe6c2..964bf6519 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/golem.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/golem.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 
 class GolemIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://video\.golem\.de/.+?/(?P<id>.+?)/'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.golem\.de/.+?/(?P<id>.+?)/'
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'http://video.golem.de/handy/14095/iphone-6-und-6-plus-test.html',
         'md5': 'c1a2c0a3c863319651c7c992c5ee29bf',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/goodgame.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/goodgame.py
index c17ad56f4..6f61f18fd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/goodgame.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/goodgame.py
@@ -1,40 +1,48 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    clean_html,
     int_or_none,
     str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
 class GoodGameIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'goodgame:stream'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://goodgame\.ru/channel/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://goodgame\.ru/(?!channel/)(?P<id>[\w.*-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://goodgame.ru/channel/Pomi/#autoplay',
+        'url': 'https://goodgame.ru/TGW#autoplay',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pomi',
+            'id': '7998',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': r're:Reynor vs Special \(1/2,bo3\) Wardi Spring EU \- playoff \(финальный день\) \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
-            'channel_id': '1644',
-            'channel': 'Pomi',
-            'channel_url': 'https://goodgame.ru/channel/Pomi/',
-            'description': 'md5:4a87b775ee7b2b57bdccebe285bbe171',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+            'channel_id': '7998',
+            'title': r're:шоуматч Happy \(NE\) vs Fortitude \(UD\), потом ладдер и дс \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
+            'channel_url': 'https://goodgame.ru/TGW',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://hls.goodgame.ru/previews/7998_240.jpg',
+            'uploader': 'TGW',
+            'channel': 'JosephStalin',
             'live_status': 'is_live',
-            'view_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': '2899',
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-        'skip': 'May not be online',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://goodgame.ru/Mr.Gray',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://goodgame.ru/HeDoPa3yMeHue*',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         channel_name = self._match_id(url)
-        response = self._download_json(f'https://api2.goodgame.ru/v2/streams/{channel_name}', channel_name)
-        player_id = response['channel']['gg_player_src']
+        response = self._download_json(f'https://goodgame.ru/api/4/users/{channel_name}/stream', channel_name)
+        player_id = response['streamkey']
 
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
-        if response.get('status') == 'Live':
+        if response.get('status'):
             formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                 f'https://hls.goodgame.ru/manifest/{player_id}_master.m3u8',
                 channel_name, 'mp4', live=True)
@@ -45,13 +53,17 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'id': player_id,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'title': traverse_obj(response, ('channel', 'title')),
-            'channel': channel_name,
-            'channel_id': str_or_none(traverse_obj(response, ('channel', 'id'))),
-            'channel_url': response.get('url'),
-            'description': clean_html(traverse_obj(response, ('channel', 'description'))),
-            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(response, ('channel', 'thumb')),
             'is_live': bool(formats),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(response.get('viewers')),
-            'age_limit': 18 if traverse_obj(response, ('channel', 'adult')) else None,
+            **traverse_obj(response, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'channel': ('channelkey', {str}),
+                'channel_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'channel_url': ('link', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('streamer', 'username', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('streamer', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('preview', {url_or_none}, {self._proto_relative_url}),
+                'concurrent_view_count': ('viewers', {int_or_none}),
+                'channel_follower_count': ('followers', {int_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('adult', {bool}, {lambda x: 18 if x else None}),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
index dfe5afe63..c654c757c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/goplay.py
@@ -5,56 +5,62 @@
 import hmac
 import json
 import os
+import re
+import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    remove_end,
     traverse_obj,
-    unescapeHTML,
 )
 
 
 class GoPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(www\.)?goplay\.be/video/([^/]+/[^/]+/|)(?P<display_id>[^/#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(www\.)?goplay\.be/video/([^/?#]+/[^/?#]+/|)(?P<id>[^/#]+)'
 
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'goplay'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/de-container-cup/de-container-cup-s3/de-container-cup-s3-aflevering-2#autoplay',
+        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/de-slimste-mens-ter-wereld/de-slimste-mens-ter-wereld-s22/de-slimste-mens-ter-wereld-s22-aflevering-1',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '9c4214b8-e55d-4e4b-a446-f015f6c6f811',
+            'id': '2baa4560-87a0-421b-bffc-359914e3c387',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'S3 - Aflevering 2',
-            'series': 'De Container Cup',
-            'season': 'Season 3',
-            'season_number': 3,
-            'episode': 'Episode 2',
-            'episode_number': 2,
+            'title': 'S22 - Aflevering 1',
+            'description': r're:In aflevering 1 nemen Daan Alferink, Tess Elst en Xander De Rycke .{66}',
+            'series': 'De Slimste Mens ter Wereld',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'season_number': 22,
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'season': 'Season 22',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/a-family-for-thr-holidays-s1-aflevering-1#autoplay',
+        'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/1917',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '74e3ed07-748c-49e4-85a0-393a93337dbf',
+            'id': '40cac41d-8d29-4ef5-aa11-75047b9f0907',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'A Family for the Holidays',
+            'title': '1917',
+            'description': r're:Op het hoogtepunt van de Eerste Wereldoorlog krijgen twee jonge .{94}',
         },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.goplay.be/video/de-mol/de-mol-s11/de-mol-s11-aflevering-1#autoplay',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '03eb8f2f-153e-41cb-9805-0d3a29dab656',
+            'id': 'ecb79672-92b9-4cd9-a0d7-e2f0250681ee',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'S11 - Aflevering 1',
+            'description': r're:Tien kandidaten beginnen aan hun verovering van Amerika en ontmoeten .{102}',
             'episode': 'Episode 1',
             'series': 'De Mol',
             'season_number': 11,
             'episode_number': 1,
             'season': 'Season 11',
         },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
         'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
     }]
 
@@ -69,27 +75,44 @@ def _real_initialize(self):
         if not self._id_token:
             raise self.raise_login_required(method='password')
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        url, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group(0, 'display_id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        video_data_json = self._html_search_regex(r'<div\s+data-hero="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'video_data')
-        video_data = self._parse_json(unescapeHTML(video_data_json), display_id).get('data')
+    # XXX: For parsing next.js v15+ data; see also yt_dlp.extractor.francetv
+    def _find_json(self, s):
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'\w+\s*:\s*', s, 'next js data', None, contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', default=None)
 
-        movie = video_data.get('movie')
-        if movie:
-            video_id = movie['videoUuid']
-            info_dict = {
-                'title': movie.get('title'),
-            }
-        else:
-            episode = traverse_obj(video_data, ('playlists', ..., 'episodes', lambda _, v: v['pageInfo']['url'] == url), get_all=False)
-            video_id = episode['videoUuid']
-            info_dict = {
-                'title': episode.get('episodeTitle'),
-                'series': traverse_obj(episode, ('program', 'title')),
-                'season_number': episode.get('seasonNumber'),
-                'episode_number': episode.get('episodeNumber'),
-            }
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        nextjs_data = traverse_obj(
+            re.findall(r'<script[^>]*>\s*self\.__next_f\.push\(\s*(\[.+?\])\s*\);?\s*</script>', webpage),
+            (..., {json.loads}, ..., {self._find_json}, ...))
+        meta = traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (
+            ..., ..., 'children', ..., ..., 'children',
+            lambda _, v: v['video']['path'] == urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path, 'video', any))
+
+        video_id = meta['uuid']
+        info_dict = traverse_obj(meta, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
+        })
+
+        if traverse_obj(meta, ('program', 'subtype')) != 'movie':
+            for season_data in traverse_obj(nextjs_data, (..., 'children', ..., 'playlists', ...)):
+                episode_data = traverse_obj(
+                    season_data, ('videos', lambda _, v: v['videoId'] == video_id, any))
+                if not episode_data:
+                    continue
+
+                episode_title = traverse_obj(
+                    episode_data, 'contextualTitle', 'episodeTitle', expected_type=str)
+                info_dict.update({
+                    'title': episode_title or info_dict.get('title'),
+                    'series': remove_end(info_dict.get('title'), f' - {episode_title}'),
+                    'season_number': traverse_obj(season_data, ('season', {int_or_none})),
+                    'episode_number': traverse_obj(episode_data, ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none})),
+                })
+                break
 
         api = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.goplay.be/web/v1/videos/long-form/{video_id}',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hrfensehen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hrfensehen.py
index 17673d5b8..b5a7b14a5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hrfensehen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hrfensehen.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 
 class HRFernsehenIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'hrfernsehen'
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://www\.(?:hr-fernsehen|hessenschau)\.de/.*,video-(?P<id>[0-9]{6})\.html'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.(?:hr-fernsehen|hessenschau)\.de/.*,video-(?P<id>[0-9]{6})\.html'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.hessenschau.de/tv-sendung/hessenschau-vom-26082020,video-130546.html',
         'md5': '5c4e0ba94677c516a2f65a84110fc536',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/hse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/hse.py
index d9004293f..c3c7bb32e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/hse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/hse.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 )
 
 
-class HSEShowBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
+class HSEShowBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['DE']
 
     def _extract_redux_data(self, url, video_id):
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, sources, video_id):
         return formats, subtitles
 
 
-class HSEShowIE(HSEShowBaseInfoExtractor):
+class HSEShowIE(HSEShowBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?hse\.de/dpl/c/tv-shows/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.hse.de/dpl/c/tv-shows/505350',
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class HSEProductIE(HSEShowBaseInfoExtractor):
+class HSEProductIE(HSEShowBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?hse\.de/dpl/p/product/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.hse.de/dpl/p/product/408630',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/huya.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/huya.py
index 5663a78a3..f79e032e4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/huya.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/huya.py
@@ -8,15 +8,19 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
+    unified_strdate,
     update_url_query,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class HuyaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?huya\.com/(?P<id>[^/#?&]+)(?:\D|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?huya\.com/(?!(?:video/play/))(?P<id>[^/#?&]+)(?:\D|$)'
     IE_NAME = 'huya:live'
     IE_DESC = 'huya.com'
     TESTS = [{
@@ -24,6 +28,7 @@ class HuyaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '572329',
             'title': str,
+            'ext': 'flv',
             'description': str,
             'is_live': True,
             'view_count': int,
@@ -131,3 +136,76 @@ def encrypt(self, params, stream_info, stream_name):
         fm = base64.b64decode(params['fm']).decode().split('_', 1)[0]
         ss = hashlib.md5('|'.join([params['seqid'], params['ctype'], params['t']]))
         return fm, ss
+
+
+class HuyaVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?huya\.com/video/play/(?P<id>\d+)\.html'
+    IE_NAME = 'huya:video'
+    IE_DESC = '虎牙视频'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.huya.com/video/play/1002412640.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1002412640',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '8月3日',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'duration': 14,
+            'uploader': '虎牙-ATS欧卡车队青木',
+            'uploader_id': '1564376151',
+            'upload_date': '20240803',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    },
+        {
+        'url': 'https://www.huya.com/video/play/556054543.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '556054543',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '我不挑事 也不怕事',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'duration': 1864,
+            'uploader': '卡尔',
+            'uploader_id': '367138632',
+            'upload_date': '20210811',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url: str):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://liveapi.huya.com/moment/getMomentContent', video_id,
+            query={'videoId': video_id})['data']['moment']['videoInfo']
+
+        formats = []
+        for definition in traverse_obj(video_data, ('definitions', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+            formats.append({
+                'url': definition['url'],
+                **traverse_obj(definition, {
+                    'format_id': ('defName', {str}),
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                    'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'title': ('videoTitle', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('videoCover', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('videoDuration', {parse_duration}),
+                'uploader': ('nickName', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('uid', {str_or_none}),
+                'upload_date': ('videoUploadTime', {unified_strdate}),
+                'view_count': ('videoPlayNum', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('videoCommentNum', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('favorCount', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ichinanalive.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ichinanalive.py
index a37cfe77b..475d33593 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ichinanalive.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ichinanalive.py
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import ExtractorError, str_or_none, traverse_obj, unified_strdate
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
+)
 
 
 class IchinanaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -157,3 +165,51 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'description': view_data.get('caption'),
             'upload_date': unified_strdate(str_or_none(view_data.get('createdAt'))),
         }
+
+
+class IchinanaLiveVODIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = '17live:vod'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?17\.live/ja/vod/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://17.live/ja/vod/27323042/2cf84520-e65e-4b22-891e-1d3a00b0f068',
+        'md5': '3299b930d7457b069639486998a89580',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2cf84520-e65e-4b22-891e-1d3a00b0f068',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:b5f8cbf497d54cc6a60eb3b480182f01',
+            'uploader': 'md5:29fb12122ab94b5a8495586e7c3085a5',
+            'uploader_id': '27323042',
+            'channel': '🌟オールナイトニッポン アーカイブ🌟',
+            'channel_id': '2b4f85f1-d61e-429d-a901-68d32bdd8645',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.(?:jpe?g|png)',
+            'duration': 549,
+            'description': 'md5:116f326579700f00eaaf5581aae1192e',
+            'timestamp': 1741058645,
+            'upload_date': '20250304',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://17.live/ja/vod/27323042/0de11bac-9bea-40b8-9eab-0239a7d88079',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        json_data = self._download_json(f'https://wap-api.17app.co/api/v1/vods/{video_id}', video_id)
+
+        return traverse_obj(json_data, {
+            'id': ('vodID', {str}),
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'formats': ('vodURL', {lambda x: self._extract_m3u8_formats(x, video_id)}),
+            'uploader': ('userInfo', 'displayName', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': ('userInfo', 'roomID', {int}, {str_or_none}),
+            'channel': ('userInfo', 'name', {str}),
+            'channel_id': ('userInfo', 'userID', {str}),
+            'like_count': ('likeCount', {int_or_none}),
+            'view_count': ('viewCount', {int_or_none}),
+            'thumbnail': ('imageURL', {url_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            'description': ('description', {str}),
+            'timestamp': ('createdAt', {int_or_none}),
+        })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py
index 2868f0c62..da203cf5f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ilpost.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'url': ('podcast_raw_url', {url_or_none}),
                 'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('timestamp', {int_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('milliseconds', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('milliseconds', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'availability': ('free', {lambda v: 'public' if v else 'subscriber_only'}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/imgur.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/imgur.py
index f0c3419d4..e2644e6a4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/imgur.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/imgur.py
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ def get_description(s):
 
 
 class ImgurIE(ImgurBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/(?!(?:a|gallery|t|topic|r)/)(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/(?!(?:a|gallery|t|topic|r)/)(?:[^/?#]+-)?(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://imgur.com/A61SaA1',
@@ -54,6 +54,22 @@ class ImgurIE(ImgurBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/A61SaA1h.jpg',
         },
+    }, {
+        # Test with URL slug
+        'url': 'https://imgur.com/mrw-gifv-is-up-running-without-any-bugs-A61SaA1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'A61SaA1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'MRW gifv is up and running without any bugs',
+            'timestamp': 1416446068,
+            'upload_date': '20141120',
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'release_timestamp': 1416446068,
+            'release_date': '20141120',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/A61SaA1h.jpg',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://i.imgur.com/A61SaA1.gifv',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -92,6 +108,7 @@ class ImgurIE(ImgurBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'release_timestamp': 1710491255,
             'release_date': '20240315',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/zV03bd5h.jpg',
         },
     }]
 
@@ -208,7 +225,10 @@ def og_get_size(media_type):
             }), get_all=False),
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': url_or_none(search('thumbnailUrl')),
+            'thumbnails': [{
+                'url': thumbnail_url,
+                'http_headers': {'Accept': '*/*'},
+            }] if (thumbnail_url := search(['thumbnailUrl', 'twitter:image', 'og:image'])) else None,
             'http_headers': {'Accept': '*/*'},
         }
 
@@ -252,17 +272,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class ImgurGalleryIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'imgur:gallery'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/(?:gallery|(?:t(?:opic)?|r)/[^/?#]+)/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/(?:gallery|(?:t(?:opic)?|r)/[^/?#]+)/(?:[^/?#]+-)?(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://imgur.com/gallery/Q95ko',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'Q95ko',
-            'title': 'Adding faces make every GIF better',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 25,
-        'skip': 'Zoinks! You\'ve taken a wrong turn.',
-    }, {
         # TODO: static images - replace with animated/video gallery
         'url': 'http://imgur.com/topic/Aww/ll5Vk',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -280,7 +292,27 @@ class ImgurGalleryIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
             'release_timestamp': 1358554297,
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/YcAQlkxh.jpg',
             'release_date': '20130119',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://i.imgur.com/u3R4I2S_d.png?maxwidth=290&fidelity=grand',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://i.imgur.com/N5Flb2v_d.png?maxwidth=290&fidelity=grand',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Test with slug
+        'url': 'https://imgur.com/gallery/classic-steve-carell-gif-cracks-me-up-everytime-repost-downvotes-YcAQlkx',
+        'add_ies': ['Imgur'],
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'YcAQlkx',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Classic Steve Carell gif...cracks me up everytime....damn the repost downvotes....',
+            'timestamp': 1358554297,
+            'upload_date': '20130119',
+            'uploader_id': '1648642',
+            'uploader': 'wittyusernamehere',
+            'release_timestamp': 1358554297,
+            'release_date': '20130119',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.imgur.com/YcAQlkxh.jpg',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://i.imgur.com/N5Flb2v_d.png?maxwidth=290&fidelity=grand',
             'comment_count': int,
             'dislike_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
@@ -317,6 +349,13 @@ class ImgurGalleryIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
             'title': 'Penguins !',
         },
         'playlist_count': 3,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://imgur.com/t/unmuted/penguins-penguins-6lAn9VQ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6lAn9VQ',
+            'title': 'Penguins !',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 3,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://imgur.com/t/unmuted/kx2uD3C',
         'add_ies': ['Imgur'],
@@ -357,7 +396,7 @@ class ImgurGalleryIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
 
 class ImgurAlbumIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'imgur:album'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/a/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:i\.)?imgur\.com/a/(?:[^/?#]+-)?(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
     _GALLERY = False
     _TESTS = [{
         # TODO: only static images - replace with animated/video gallery
@@ -372,6 +411,14 @@ class ImgurAlbumIE(ImgurGalleryBaseIE):
             'title': 'enen-no-shouboutai',
         },
         'playlist_count': 2,
+    }, {
+        # Test with URL slug
+        'url': 'https://imgur.com/a/enen-no-shouboutai-iX265HX',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'iX265HX',
+            'title': 'enen-no-shouboutai',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://imgur.com/a/8pih2Ed',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
index 754f710ae..98f70c267 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@
 import itertools
 import json
 import re
-import time
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    bug_reports_message,
     decode_base_n,
     encode_base_n,
     filter_dict,
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@
     format_field,
     get_element_by_attribute,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     lowercase_escape,
     str_or_none,
     str_to_int,
     traverse_obj,
     url_or_none,
-    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 _ENCODING_CHARS = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_'
@@ -28,64 +28,30 @@
 
 def _pk_to_id(media_id):
     """Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24437823/getting-instagram-post-url-from-media-id"""
-    return encode_base_n(int(media_id.split('_')[0]), table=_ENCODING_CHARS)
+    pk = int(str(media_id).split('_')[0])
+    return encode_base_n(pk, table=_ENCODING_CHARS)
 
 
 def _id_to_pk(shortcode):
-    """Covert a shortcode to a numeric value"""
-    return decode_base_n(shortcode[:11], table=_ENCODING_CHARS)
+    """Convert a shortcode to a numeric value"""
+    if len(shortcode) > 28:
+        shortcode = shortcode[:-28]
+    return decode_base_n(shortcode, table=_ENCODING_CHARS)
 
 
 class InstagramBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'instagram'
-    _IS_LOGGED_IN = False
-
     _API_BASE_URL = 'https://i.instagram.com/api/v1'
     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login'
-    _API_HEADERS = {
-        'X-IG-App-ID': '936619743392459',
-        'X-ASBD-ID': '198387',
-        'X-IG-WWW-Claim': '0',
-        'Origin': 'https://www.instagram.com',
-        'Accept': '*/*',
-        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/104.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
-    }
 
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        if self._IS_LOGGED_IN:
-            return
-
-        login_webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            self._LOGIN_URL, None, note='Downloading login webpage', errnote='Failed to download login webpage')
-
-        shared_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'window\._sharedData\s*=\s*({.+?});', login_webpage, 'shared data', default='{}'), None)
-
-        login = self._download_json(
-            f'{self._LOGIN_URL}/ajax/', None, note='Logging in', headers={
-                **self._API_HEADERS,
-                'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
-                'X-CSRFToken': shared_data['config']['csrf_token'],
-                'X-Instagram-AJAX': shared_data['rollout_hash'],
-                'Referer': 'https://www.instagram.com/',
-            }, data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'enc_password': f'#PWD_INSTAGRAM_BROWSER:0:{int(time.time())}:{password}',
-                'username': username,
-                'queryParams': '{}',
-                'optIntoOneTap': 'false',
-                'stopDeletionNonce': '',
-                'trustedDeviceRecords': '{}',
-            }))
-
-        if not login.get('authenticated'):
-            if login.get('message'):
-                raise ExtractorError(f'Unable to login: {login["message"]}')
-            elif login.get('user'):
-                raise ExtractorError('Unable to login: Sorry, your password was incorrect. Please double-check your password.', expected=True)
-            elif login.get('user') is False:
-                raise ExtractorError('Unable to login: The username you entered doesn\'t belong to an account. Please check your username and try again.', expected=True)
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to login')
-        InstagramBaseIE._IS_LOGGED_IN = True
+    @property
+    def _api_headers(self):
+        return {
+            'X-IG-App-ID': self._configuration_arg('app_id', ['936619743392459'], ie_key=InstagramIE)[0],
+            'X-ASBD-ID': '198387',
+            'X-IG-WWW-Claim': '0',
+            'Origin': 'https://www.instagram.com',
+            'Accept': '*/*',
+        }
 
     def _get_count(self, media, kind, *keys):
         return traverse_obj(
@@ -210,7 +176,7 @@ def _extract_product(self, product_info):
     def _get_comments(self, video_id):
         comments_info = self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/media/{_id_to_pk(video_id)}/comments/?can_support_threading=true&permalink_enabled=false', video_id,
-            fatal=False, errnote='Comments extraction failed', note='Downloading comments info', headers=self._API_HEADERS) or {}
+            fatal=False, errnote='Comments extraction failed', note='Downloading comments info', headers=self._api_headers) or {}
 
         comment_data = traverse_obj(comments_info, ('edge_media_to_parent_comment', 'edges'), 'comments')
         for comment_dict in comment_data or []:
@@ -255,7 +221,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class InstagramIE(InstagramBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com(?:/[^/]+)?/(?:p|tv|reels?(?!/audio/))/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?P<url>https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com(?:/(?!share/)[^/?#]+)?/(?:p|tv|reels?(?!/audio/))/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+src=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?instagram\.com/p/[^/]+/embed.*?)\1']
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://instagram.com/p/aye83DjauH/?foo=bar#abc',
@@ -403,14 +369,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
                 f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/media/{_id_to_pk(video_id)}/info/', video_id,
                 fatal=False, errnote='Video info extraction failed',
-                note='Downloading video info', headers=self._API_HEADERS), ('items', 0))
+                note='Downloading video info', headers=self._api_headers), ('items', 0))
             if info:
                 media.update(info)
                 return self._extract_product(media)
 
         api_check = self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/web/get_ruling_for_content/?content_type=MEDIA&target_id={_id_to_pk(video_id)}',
-            video_id, headers=self._API_HEADERS, fatal=False, note='Setting up session', errnote=False) or {}
+            video_id, headers=self._api_headers, fatal=False, note='Setting up session', errnote=False) or {}
         csrf_token = self._get_cookies('https://www.instagram.com').get('csrftoken')
 
         if not csrf_token:
@@ -430,15 +396,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         general_info = self._download_json(
             'https://www.instagram.com/graphql/query/', video_id, fatal=False, errnote=False,
             headers={
-                **self._API_HEADERS,
+                **self._api_headers,
                 'X-CSRFToken': csrf_token or '',
                 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                 'Referer': url,
             }, query={
-                'query_hash': '9f8827793ef34641b2fb195d4d41151c',
+                'doc_id': '8845758582119845',
                 'variables': json.dumps(variables, separators=(',', ':')),
             })
-        media.update(traverse_obj(general_info, ('data', 'shortcode_media')) or {})
 
         if not general_info:
             self.report_warning('General metadata extraction failed (some metadata might be missing).', video_id)
@@ -467,6 +432,26 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 media.update(traverse_obj(
                     additional_data, ('graphql', 'shortcode_media'), 'shortcode_media', expected_type=dict) or {})
 
+        else:
+            xdt_shortcode_media = traverse_obj(general_info, ('data', 'xdt_shortcode_media', {dict})) or {}
+            if not xdt_shortcode_media:
+                error = join_nonempty('title', 'description', delim=': ', from_dict=api_check)
+                if 'Restricted Video' in error:
+                    self.raise_login_required(error)
+                elif error:
+                    raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
+                elif len(video_id) > 28:
+                    # It's a private post (video_id == shortcode + 28 extra characters)
+                    # Only raise after getting empty response; sometimes "long"-shortcode posts are public
+                    self.raise_login_required(
+                        'This content is only available for registered users who follow this account')
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    'Instagram sent an empty media response. Check if this post is accessible in your '
+                    f'browser without being logged-in. If it is not, then u{self._login_hint()[1:]}. '
+                    'Otherwise, if the post is accessible in browser without being logged-in'
+                    f'{bug_reports_message(before=",")}', expected=True)
+            media.update(xdt_shortcode_media)
+
         username = traverse_obj(media, ('owner', 'username')) or self._search_regex(
             r'"owner"\s*:\s*{\s*"username"\s*:\s*"(.+?)"', webpage, 'username', fatal=False)
 
@@ -486,8 +471,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 return self.playlist_result(
                     self._extract_nodes(nodes, True), video_id,
                     format_field(username, None, 'Post by %s'), description)
-
-            video_url = self._og_search_video_url(webpage, secure=False)
+            raise ExtractorError('There is no video in this post', expected=True)
 
         formats = [{
             'url': video_url,
@@ -690,7 +674,7 @@ def _query_vars_for(data):
 
 
 class InstagramStoryIE(InstagramBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com/stories/(?P<user>[^/]+)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com/stories/(?P<user>[^/?#]+)(?:/(?P<id>\d+))?'
     IE_NAME = 'instagram:story'
 
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -700,25 +684,38 @@ class InstagramStoryIE(InstagramBaseIE):
             'title': 'Rare',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 50,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.instagram.com/stories/fruits_zipper/3570766765028588805/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.instagram.com/stories/fruits_zipper',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        username, story_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        story_info = self._download_webpage(url, story_id)
-        user_info = self._search_json(r'"user":', story_info, 'user info', story_id, fatal=False)
+        username, story_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user', 'id')
+        if username == 'highlights' and not story_id:  # story id is only mandatory for highlights
+            raise ExtractorError('Input URL is missing a highlight ID', expected=True)
+        display_id = story_id or username
+        story_info = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        user_info = self._search_json(r'"user":', story_info, 'user info', display_id, fatal=False)
         if not user_info:
             self.raise_login_required('This content is unreachable')
 
         user_id = traverse_obj(user_info, 'pk', 'id', expected_type=str)
-        story_info_url = user_id if username != 'highlights' else f'highlight:{story_id}'
-        if not story_info_url:  # user id is only mandatory for non-highlights
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract user id')
+        if username == 'highlights':
+            story_info_url = f'highlight:{story_id}'
+        else:
+            if not user_id:  # user id is only mandatory for non-highlights
+                raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract user id')
+            story_info_url = user_id
 
         videos = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
             f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/feed/reels_media/?reel_ids={story_info_url}',
-            story_id, errnote=False, fatal=False, headers=self._API_HEADERS), 'reels')
+            display_id, errnote=False, fatal=False, headers=self._api_headers), 'reels')
         if not videos:
             self.raise_login_required('You need to log in to access this content')
+        user_info = traverse_obj(videos, (user_id, 'user', {dict})) or {}
 
         full_name = traverse_obj(videos, (f'highlight:{story_id}', 'user', 'full_name'), (user_id, 'user', 'full_name'))
         story_title = traverse_obj(videos, (f'highlight:{story_id}', 'title'))
@@ -728,6 +725,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         highlights = traverse_obj(videos, (f'highlight:{story_id}', 'items'), (user_id, 'items'))
         info_data = []
         for highlight in highlights:
+            highlight.setdefault('user', {}).update(user_info)
             highlight_data = self._extract_product(highlight)
             if highlight_data.get('formats'):
                 info_data.append({
@@ -735,4 +733,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'uploader_id': user_id,
                     **filter_dict(highlight_data),
                 })
+        if username != 'highlights' and story_id and not self._yes_playlist(username, story_id):
+            return traverse_obj(info_data, (lambda _, v: v['id'] == _pk_to_id(story_id), any))
+
         return self.playlist_result(info_data, playlist_id=story_id, playlist_title=story_title)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
index ab26dc5ef..9b91a454b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/iprima.py
@@ -25,9 +25,29 @@ class IPrimaIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'p51388',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Partička (92)',
-            'description': 'md5:859d53beae4609e6dd7796413f1b6cac',
-            'upload_date': '20201103',
-            'timestamp': 1604437480,
+            'description': 'md5:57943f6a50d6188288c3a579d2fd5f01',
+            'episode': 'Partička (92)',
+            'season': 'Partička',
+            'series': 'Prima Partička',
+            'episode_number': 92,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d31b9s05ygj54s.cloudfront.net/prima-plus/image/video-ef6cf9de-c980-4443-92e4-17fe8bccd45c-16x9.jpeg',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,  # m3u8 download
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://zoom.iprima.cz/porady/krasy-kanarskych-ostrovu/tenerife-v-risi-ohne',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'p1412199',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'episode_number': 3,
+            'episode': 'Tenerife: V říši ohně',
+            'description': 'md5:4b4a05c574b5eaef130e68d4811c3f2c',
+            'duration': 3111.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d31b9s05ygj54s.cloudfront.net/prima-plus/image/video-f66dd7fb-c1a0-47d1-b3bc-7db328d566c5-16x9-1711636518.jpg/t_16x9_medium_1366_768',
+            'title': 'Tenerife: V říši ohně',
+            'timestamp': 1711825800,
+            'upload_date': '20240330',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,  # m3u8 download
@@ -131,6 +151,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._search_regex((
             r'productId\s*=\s*([\'"])(?P<id>p\d+)\1',
             r'pproduct_id\s*=\s*([\'"])(?P<id>p\d+)\1',
+            r'let\s+videos\s*=\s*([\'"])(?P<id>p\d+)\1',
         ), webpage, 'real id', group='id', default=None)
 
         if not video_id:
@@ -176,7 +197,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         final_result = self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, default={})
         final_result.update({
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': final_result.get('title') or title,
             'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta(
                 ['thumbnail', 'og:image', 'twitter:image'],
                 webpage, 'thumbnail', default=None),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/jamendo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/jamendo.py
index 16540c414..bac0e869c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/jamendo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jamendo.py
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@
 import random
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     int_or_none,
     try_get,
+    urlhandle_detect_ext,
 )
 
 
@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ class JamendoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'flac',
             # 'title': 'Maya Filipič - Stories from Emona I',
             'title': 'Stories from Emona I',
-            'artist': 'Maya Filipič',
+            'artists': ['Maya Filipič'],
             'album': 'Between two worlds',
             'track': 'Stories from Emona I',
             'duration': 210,
@@ -93,9 +95,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 if not cover_url or cover_url in urls:
                     continue
                 urls.append(cover_url)
+                urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                    HEADRequest(cover_url), track_id, 'Checking thumbnail extension',
+                    errnote=False, fatal=False)
+                if not urlh:
+                    continue
                 size = int_or_none(cover_id.lstrip('size'))
                 thumbnails.append({
                     'id': cover_id,
+                    'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh, default='jpg'),
                     'url': cover_url,
                     'width': size,
                     'height': size,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/japandiet.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/japandiet.py
index 2ef091aff..994da22ae 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/japandiet.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/japandiet.py
@@ -194,11 +194,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class SangiinInstructionIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://www\.webtv\.sangiin\.go\.jp/webtv/index\.php'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.webtv\.sangiin\.go\.jp/webtv/index\.php'
     IE_DESC = False  # this shouldn't be listed as a supported site
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        raise ExtractorError('Copy the link from the botton below the video description or player, and use the link to download. If there are no button in the frame, get the URL of the frame showing the video.', expected=True)
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            'Copy the link from the button below the video description/player '
+            'and use that link to download. If there is no button in the frame, '
+            'get the URL of the frame showing the video.', expected=True)
 
 
 class SangiinIE(InfoExtractor):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py
index 30d98ba79..94c85064e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jiocinema.py
@@ -326,11 +326,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 # fallback metadata
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
                 'description': ('fullSynopsis', {str}),
-                'series': ('show', 'name', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'series': ('show', 'name', {str}, filter),
                 'season': ('tournamentName', {str}, {lambda x: x if x != 'Season 0' else None}),
-                'season_number': ('episode', 'season', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'season_number': ('episode', 'season', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'episode': ('fullTitle', {str}),
-                'episode_number': ('episode', 'episodeNo', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', 'episodeNo', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'age_limit': ('ageNemonic', {parse_age_limit}),
                 'duration': ('totalDuration', {float_or_none}),
                 'thumbnail': ('images', {url_or_none}),
@@ -338,10 +338,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             **traverse_obj(metadata, ('result', 0, {
                 'title': ('fullTitle', {str}),
                 'description': ('fullSynopsis', {str}),
-                'series': ('showName', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
-                'season': ('seasonName', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'series': ('showName', {str}, filter),
+                'season': ('seasonName', {str}, filter),
                 'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
-                'season_id': ('seasonId', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'season_id': ('seasonId', {str}, filter),
                 'episode': ('fullTitle', {str}),
                 'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('uploadTime', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py
index e5737b1e9..6d51e32f6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kaltura.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class KalturaIE(InfoExtractor):
                 (?:
                     kaltura:(?P<partner_id>\w+):(?P<id>\w+)(?::(?P<player_type>\w+))?|
                     https?://
-                        (:?(?:www|cdnapi(?:sec)?)\.)?kaltura\.com(?::\d+)?/
+                        (?:(?:www|cdnapi(?:sec)?)\.)?kaltura\.com(?::\d+)?/
                         (?:
                             (?:
                                 # flash player
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kenh14.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kenh14.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c46020e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kenh14.py
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_attribute,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    remove_start,
+    strip_or_none,
+    unescapeHTML,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class Kenh14VideoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.kenh14\.vn/(?:video/)?[\w-]+-(?P<id>[0-9]+)\.chn'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/video/mo-hop-iphone-14-pro-max-nguon-unbox-therapy-316173.chn',
+        'md5': '1ed67f9c3a1e74acf15db69590cf6210',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '316173',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Video mở hộp iPhone 14 Pro Max (Nguồn: Unbox Therapy)',
+            'description': 'Video mở hộp iPhone 14 Pro MaxVideo mở hộp iPhone 14 Pro Max (Nguồn: Unbox Therapy)',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://videothumbs\.mediacdn\.vn/.*\.jpg$',
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader': 'Unbox Therapy',
+            'upload_date': '20220517',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 722.86,
+            'timestamp': 1652764468,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/video-316174.chn',
+        'md5': '2b41877d2afaf4a3f487ceda8e5c7cbd',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '316174',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Khoảnh khắc VĐV nằm gục khóc sau chiến thắng: 7 năm trời Việt Nam mới có HCV kiếm chém nữ, chỉ có 8 tháng để khổ luyện trước khi lên sàn đấu',
+            'description': 'md5:de86aa22e143e2b277bce8ec9c6f17dc',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://videothumbs\.mediacdn\.vn/.*\.jpg$',
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20220517',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 70.04,
+            'timestamp': 1652766021,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/0-344740.chn',
+        'md5': 'b843495d5e728142c8870c09b46df2a9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '344740',
+            'ext': 'mov',
+            'title': 'Kỳ Duyên đầy căng thẳng trong buổi ra quân đi Miss Universe, nghi thức tuyên thuệ lần đầu xuất hiện gây nhiều tranh cãi',
+            'description': 'md5:2a2dbb4a7397169fb21ee68f09160497',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://kenh14cdn\.com/.*\.jpg$',
+            'tags': ['kỳ duyên', 'Kỳ Duyên tuyên thuệ', 'miss universe'],
+            'uploader': 'Quang Vũ',
+            'upload_date': '20241024',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 198.88,
+            'timestamp': 1729741590,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        attrs = extract_attributes(get_element_html_by_attribute('type', 'VideoStream', webpage) or '')
+        direct_url = attrs['data-vid']
+
+        metadata = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.kinghub.vn/video/api/v1/detailVideoByGet?FileName={}'.format(
+                remove_start(direct_url, 'kenh14cdn.com/')), video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        formats = [{'url': f'https://{direct_url}', 'format_id': 'http', 'quality': 1}]
+        subtitles = {}
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://{direct_url}.json', video_id, note='Downloading video data', fatal=False)
+        if hls_url := traverse_obj(video_data, ('hls', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                hls_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        if dash_url := traverse_obj(video_data, ('mpd', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                dash_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        return {
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'duration': ('duration', {parse_duration}),
+                'uploader': ('author', {strip_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('uploadtime', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+                'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': (
+                traverse_obj(metadata, ('title', {strip_or_none}))
+                or clean_html(self._og_search_title(webpage))
+                or clean_html(get_element_by_class('vdbw-title', webpage))),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'description': (
+                clean_html(self._og_search_description(webpage))
+                or clean_html(get_element_by_class('vdbw-sapo', webpage))),
+            'thumbnail': (self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage) or attrs.get('data-thumb')),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(self._html_search_meta('keywords', webpage), (
+                {lambda x: x.split(';')}, ..., filter)),
+        }
+
+
+class Kenh14PlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.kenh14\.vn/playlist/[\w-]+-(?P<id>[0-9]+)\.chn'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/playlist/tran-tinh-naked-love-mua-2-71.chn',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '71',
+            'title': 'Trần Tình (Naked love) mùa 2',
+            'description': 'md5:e9522339304956dea931722dd72eddb2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://kenh14cdn\.com/.*\.png$',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 9,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.kenh14.vn/playlist/0-72.chn',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '72',
+            'title': 'Lau Lại Đầu Từ',
+            'description': 'Cùng xem xưa và nay có gì khác biệt nhé!',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://kenh14cdn\.com/.*\.png$',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 6,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+
+        category_detail = get_element_by_class('category-detail', webpage) or ''
+        embed_info = traverse_obj(
+            self._yield_json_ld(webpage, playlist_id),
+            (lambda _, v: v['name'] and v['alternateName'], any)) or {}
+
+        return self.playlist_from_matches(
+            get_elements_html_by_class('video-item', webpage), playlist_id,
+            (clean_html(get_element_by_class('name', category_detail)) or unescapeHTML(embed_info.get('name'))),
+            getter=lambda x: 'https://video.kenh14.vn/video/video-{}.chn'.format(extract_attributes(x)['data-id']),
+            ie=Kenh14VideoIE, playlist_description=(
+                clean_html(get_element_by_class('description', category_detail))
+                or unescapeHTML(embed_info.get('alternateName'))),
+            thumbnail=traverse_obj(
+                self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
+                ({url_or_none}, {update_url(query=None)})))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
index 1c1b2a177..1f001d421 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kick.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class KickIE(KickBaseIE):
 
     @classmethod
     def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if KickClipIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
+        return False if (KickVODIE.suitable(url) or KickClipIE.suitable(url)) else super().suitable(url)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         channel = self._match_id(url)
@@ -98,25 +97,25 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class KickVODIE(KickBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'kick:vod'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/video/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/[\w-]+/videos/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://kick.com/video/e74614f4-5270-4319-90ad-32179f19a45c',
+        'url': 'https://kick.com/xqc/videos/8dd97a8d-e17f-48fb-8bc3-565f88dbc9ea',
         'md5': '3870f94153e40e7121a6e46c068b70cb',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'e74614f4-5270-4319-90ad-32179f19a45c',
+            'id': '8dd97a8d-e17f-48fb-8bc3-565f88dbc9ea',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': r're:❎ MEGA DRAMA ❎ LIVE ❎ CLICK ❎ ULTIMATE SKILLS .+',
+            'title': '18+ #ad 🛑LIVE🛑CLICK🛑DRAMA🛑NEWS🛑STUFF🛑REACT🛑GET IN HHERE🛑BOP BOP🛑WEEEE WOOOO🛑',
             'description': 'THE BEST AT ABSOLUTELY EVERYTHING. THE JUICER. LEADER OF THE JUICERS.',
             'channel': 'xqc',
             'channel_id': '668',
             'uploader': 'xQc',
             'uploader_id': '676',
-            'upload_date': '20240724',
-            'timestamp': 1721796562,
-            'duration': 18566.0,
+            'upload_date': '20240909',
+            'timestamp': 1725919141,
+            'duration': 10155.0,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'view_count': int,
-            'categories': ['VALORANT'],
+            'categories': ['Just Chatting'],
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
@@ -137,7 +136,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'uploader': ('livestream', 'channel', 'user', 'username', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('livestream', 'channel', 'user_id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'duration': ('livestream', 'duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('livestream', 'duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('livestream', 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
                 'categories': ('livestream', 'categories', ..., 'name', {str}),
                 'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class KickClipIE(KickBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'kick:clips'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/[\w-]+/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?clip=(?P<id>clip_[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kick\.com/[\w-]+(?:/clips/|/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?clip=)(?P<id>clip_[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://kick.com/mxddy?clip=clip_01GYXVB5Y8PWAPWCWMSBCFB05X',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -189,6 +188,26 @@ class KickClipIE(KickBaseIE):
             'age_limit': 0,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://kick.com/spreen/clips/clip_01J8RGZRKHXHXXKJEHGRM932A5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'clip_01J8RGZRKHXHXXKJEHGRM932A5',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'KLJASLDJKLJKASDLJKDAS',
+            'channel': 'spreen',
+            'channel_id': '5312671',
+            'uploader': 'AnormalBarraBaja',
+            'uploader_id': '26518262',
+            'duration': 43.0,
+            'upload_date': '20240927',
+            'timestamp': 1727399987,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://clips.kick.com/clips/f2/clip_01J8RGZRKHXHXXKJEHGRM932A5/thumbnail.webp',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'categories': ['Minecraft'],
+            'age_limit': 0,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
index 852a4de3f..69f4a3ce0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ def _extract_formats(self, media_info, video_id):
                         'width': ('frameWidth', {int_or_none}),
                         'height': ('frameHeight', {int_or_none}),
                         # NB: filesize is 0 if unknown, bitrate is -1 if unknown
-                        'filesize': ('fileSize', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                        'filesize': ('fileSize', {int_or_none}, filter),
                         'abr': ('bitrateAudio', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
                         'vbr': ('bitrateVideo', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
                     }),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py
index 4494c4b79..e532caf85 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/laracasts.py
@@ -32,14 +32,14 @@ def _parse_episode(self, episode):
             VimeoIE, url_transparent=True,
             **traverse_obj(episode, {
                 'id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
-                'webpage_url': ('path', {lambda x: urljoin('https://laracasts.com', x)}),
+                'webpage_url': ('path', {urljoin('https://laracasts.com')}),
                 'title': ('title', {clean_html}),
                 'season_number': ('chapter', {int_or_none}),
                 'episode_number': ('position', {int_or_none}),
                 'description': ('body', {clean_html}),
                 'thumbnail': ('largeThumbnail', {url_or_none}),
                 'duration': ('length', {int_or_none}),
-                'date': ('dateSegments', 'published', {unified_strdate}),
+                'upload_date': ('dateSegments', 'published', {unified_strdate}),
             }))
 
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class LaracastsIE(LaracastsBaseIE):
             'title': 'Hello, Laravel',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'duration': 519,
-            'date': '20240312',
+            'upload_date': '20240312',
             'thumbnail': 'https://laracasts.s3.amazonaws.com/videos/thumbnails/youtube/30-days-to-learn-laravel-11-1.png',
             'description': 'md5:ddd658bb241975871d236555657e1dd1',
             'season_number': 1,
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'description': ('body', {clean_html}),
                 'thumbnail': (('large_thumbnail', 'thumbnail'), {url_or_none}, any),
                 'duration': ('runTime', {parse_duration}),
-                'categories': ('taxonomy', 'name', {str}, {lambda x: x and [x]}),
+                'categories': ('taxonomy', 'name', {str}, all, filter),
                 'tags': ('topics', ..., 'name', {str}),
                 'modified_date': ('lastUpdated', {unified_strdate}),
             }),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
index c764d4961..e6eef13e5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class LBRYBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _CLAIM_ID_REGEX = r'[0-9a-f]{1,40}'
     _OPT_CLAIM_ID = f'[^$@:/?#&]+(?:[:#]{_CLAIM_ID_REGEX})?'
     _SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES = ['video', 'audio']
+    _UNSUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES = ['binary']
     _PAGE_SIZE = 50
 
     def _call_api_proxy(self, method, display_id, params, resource):
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ def _parse_stream(self, stream, url):
             'license': ('value', 'license', {str}),
             'timestamp': ('timestamp', {int_or_none}),
             'release_timestamp': ('value', 'release_time', {int_or_none}),
-            'tags': ('value', 'tags', ..., {lambda x: x or None}),
+            'tags': ('value', 'tags', ..., filter),
             'duration': ('value', stream_type, 'duration', {int_or_none}),
             'channel': ('signing_channel', 'value', 'title', {str}),
             'channel_id': ('signing_channel', 'claim_id', {str}),
@@ -136,6 +137,7 @@ def _playlist_entries(self, url, display_id, claim_param, metadata):
 
 class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry'
+    IE_DESC = 'odysee.com'
     _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + rf'''
         (?:\$/(?:download|embed)/)?
         (?P<id>
@@ -309,7 +311,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if stream_type in self._SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES:
             claim_id, is_live = result['claim_id'], False
             streaming_url = self._call_api_proxy(
-                'get', claim_id, {'uri': uri}, 'streaming url')['streaming_url']
+                'get', claim_id, {
+                    'uri': uri,
+                    **traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), {
+                        'signature': ('signature', 0),
+                        'signature_ts': ('signature_ts', 0),
+                    }),
+                }, 'streaming url')['streaming_url']
 
             # GET request to v3 API returns original video/audio file if available
             direct_url = re.sub(r'/api/v\d+/', '/api/v3/', streaming_url)
@@ -329,12 +337,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'vcodec': 'none' if stream_type == 'audio' else None,
                 })
 
+            final_url = None
             # HEAD request returns redirect response to m3u8 URL if available
-            final_url = self._request_webpage(
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
                 HEADRequest(streaming_url), display_id, headers=headers,
-                note='Downloading streaming redirect url info').url
+                note='Downloading streaming redirect url info', fatal=False)
+            if urlh:
+                final_url = urlh.url
 
-        elif result.get('value_type') == 'stream':
+        elif result.get('value_type') == 'stream' and stream_type not in self._UNSUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES:
             claim_id, is_live = result['signing_channel']['claim_id'], True
             live_data = self._download_json(
                 'https://api.odysee.live/livestream/is_live', claim_id,
@@ -364,6 +375,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class LBRYChannelIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry:channel'
+    IE_DESC = 'odysee.com channels'
     _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + rf'(?P<id>@{LBRYBaseIE._OPT_CLAIM_ID})/?(?:[?&]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://lbry.tv/@LBRYFoundation:0',
@@ -391,6 +403,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class LBRYPlaylistIE(LBRYBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'lbry:playlist'
+    IE_DESC = 'odysee.com playlists'
     _VALID_URL = LBRYBaseIE._BASE_URL_REGEX + r'\$/(?:play)?list/(?P<id>[0-9a-f-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://odysee.com/$/playlist/ffef782f27486f0ac138bde8777f72ebdd0548c2',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py
index dcf83144c..f4b51e66c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/learningonscreen.py
@@ -6,13 +6,11 @@
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
-    get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_html_by_id,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_duration,
     unified_timestamp,
 )
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class LearningOnScreenIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -32,28 +30,24 @@ class LearningOnScreenIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
         if not self._get_cookies('https://learningonscreen.ac.uk/').get('PHPSESSID-BOB-LIVE'):
-            self.raise_login_required(
-                'Use --cookies for authentication. See '
-                ' https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/FAQ#how-do-i-pass-cookies-to-yt-dlp  '
-                'for how to manually pass cookies', method=None)
+            self.raise_login_required(method='session_cookies')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         details = traverse_obj(webpage, (
-            {functools.partial(get_element_html_by_id, 'programme-details')}, {
-                'title': ({functools.partial(re.search, r'<h2>([^<]+)</h2>')}, 1, {clean_html}),
+            {find_element(id='programme-details', html=True)}, {
+                'title': ({find_element(tag='h2')}, {clean_html}),
                 'timestamp': (
-                    {functools.partial(get_element_by_class, 'broadcast-date')},
+                    {find_element(cls='broadcast-date')},
                     {functools.partial(re.match, r'([^<]+)')}, 1, {unified_timestamp}),
                 'duration': (
-                    {functools.partial(get_element_by_class, 'prog-running-time')},
-                    {clean_html}, {parse_duration}),
+                    {find_element(cls='prog-running-time')}, {clean_html}, {parse_duration}),
             }))
 
         title = details.pop('title', None) or traverse_obj(webpage, (
-            {functools.partial(get_element_html_by_id, 'add-to-existing-playlist')},
+            {find_element(id='add-to-existing-playlist', html=True)},
             {extract_attributes}, 'data-record-title', {clean_html}))
 
         entries = self._parse_html5_media_entries(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py
index 61eae95ed..9d68e1830 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/listennotes.py
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@
     extract_attributes,
     get_element_by_class,
     get_element_html_by_id,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     parse_duration,
     strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -22,14 +20,14 @@ class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'KrDgvNb_u1n',
             'ext': 'mp3',
-            'title': 'md5:32236591a921adf17bbdbf0441b6c0e9',
-            'description': 'md5:c581ed197eeddcee55a67cdb547c8cbd',
-            'duration': 2148.0,
-            'channel': 'Thriving on Overload',
+            'title': r're:Tim O’Reilly on noticing things other people .{113}',
+            'description': r're:(?s)‘’We shape reality by what we notice and .{27459}',
+            'duration': 2215.0,
+            'channel': 'Amplifying Cognition',
             'channel_id': 'ed84wITivxF',
             'episode_id': 'e1312583fa7b4e24acfbb5131050be00',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://production.listennotes.com/podcasts/thriving-on-overload-ross-dawson-1wb_KospA3P-ed84wITivxF.300x300.jpg',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/thriving-on-overload-ross-dawson-ed84wITivxF/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-images-3.listennotes.com/podcasts/amplifying-cognition-ross-dawson-Iemft4Gdr0k-ed84wITivxF.300x300.jpg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/amplifying-cognition-ross-dawson-ed84wITivxF/',
             'cast': ['Tim O’Reilly', 'Cookie Monster', 'Lao Tzu', 'Wallace Steven', 'Eric Raymond', 'Christine Peterson', 'John Maynard Keyne', 'Ross Dawson'],
         },
     }, {
@@ -39,13 +37,13 @@ class ListenNotesIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'lwEA3154JzG',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'Episode 177: WireGuard with Jason Donenfeld',
-            'description': 'md5:24744f36456a3e95f83c1193a3458594',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Jason Donenfeld lead developer joins us this hour to discuss WireGuard, .{3169}',
             'duration': 3861.0,
             'channel': 'Ask Noah Show',
             'channel_id': '4DQTzdS5-j7',
             'episode_id': '8c8954b95e0b4859ad1eecec8bf6d3a4',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.listennotes.com/podcasts/ask-noah-show-noah-j-chelliah-4DQTzdS5-j7/',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://production.listennotes.com/podcasts/ask-noah-show-noah-j-chelliah-cfbRUw9Gs3F-4DQTzdS5-j7.300x300.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-images-3.listennotes.com/podcasts/ask-noah-show-noah-j-chelliah-gD7vG150cxf-4DQTzdS5-j7.300x300.jpg',
             'cast': ['noah showlink', 'noah show', 'noah dashboard', 'jason donenfeld'],
         },
     }]
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'id': audio_id,
             'url': data['audio'],
             'title': (data.get('data-title')
-                      or try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h1', webpage)[0])
+                      or traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(tag='h1')}, {clean_html}))
                       or self._html_search_meta(('og:title', 'title', 'twitter:title'), webpage, 'title')),
             'description': (self._clean_description(get_element_by_class('ln-text-p', webpage))
                             or strip_or_none(description)),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
index 93f926a9f..df9d141de 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/litv.py
@@ -1,30 +1,32 @@
 import json
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     smuggle_url,
     traverse_obj,
     try_call,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
 class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?litv\.tv/(?:vod|promo)/[^/]+/(?:content\.do)?\?.*?\b(?:content_)?id=(?P<id>[^&]+)'
-
-    _URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/%s/content.do?content_id=%s'
-
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?litv\.tv/(?:[^/?#]+/watch/|vod/[^/?#]+/content\.do\?content_id=)(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://www.litv.tv/%s/watch/%s'
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['TW']
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/drama/content.do?brc_id=root&id=VOD00041610&isUHEnabled=true&autoPlay=1',
+        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/drama/watch/VOD00041610',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00041606',
             'title': '花千骨',
         },
         'playlist_count': 51,  # 50 episodes + 1 trailer
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/vod/drama/content.do?brc_id=root&id=VOD00041610&isUHEnabled=true&autoPlay=1',
+        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/drama/watch/VOD00041610',
         'md5': 'b90ff1e9f1d8f5cfcd0a44c3e2b34c7a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00041610',
@@ -32,16 +34,15 @@ class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': '花千骨第1集',
             'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
             'description': '《花千骨》陸劇線上看。十六年前，平靜的村莊內，一名女嬰隨異相出生，途徑此地的蜀山掌門清虛道長算出此女命運非同一般，她體內散發的異香易招惹妖魔。一念慈悲下，他在村莊周邊設下結界阻擋妖魔入侵，讓其年滿十六後去蜀山，並賜名花千骨。',
-            'categories': ['奇幻', '愛情', '中國', '仙俠'],
+            'categories': ['奇幻', '愛情', '仙俠', '古裝'],
             'episode': 'Episode 1',
             'episode_number': 1,
         },
         'params': {
             'noplaylist': True,
         },
-        'skip': 'Georestricted to Taiwan',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/promo/miyuezhuan/?content_id=VOD00044841&',
+        'url': 'https://www.litv.tv/drama/watch/VOD00044841',
         'md5': '88322ea132f848d6e3e18b32a832b918',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'VOD00044841',
@@ -55,94 +56,62 @@ class LiTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _extract_playlist(self, playlist_data, content_type):
         all_episodes = [
             self.url_result(smuggle_url(
-                self._URL_TEMPLATE % (content_type, episode['contentId']),
+                self._URL_TEMPLATE % (content_type, episode['content_id']),
                 {'force_noplaylist': True}))  # To prevent infinite recursion
-            for episode in traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('seasons', ..., 'episode', lambda _, v: v['contentId']))]
+            for episode in traverse_obj(playlist_data, ('seasons', ..., 'episodes', lambda _, v: v['content_id']))]
 
-        return self.playlist_result(all_episodes, playlist_data['contentId'], playlist_data.get('title'))
+        return self.playlist_result(all_episodes, playlist_data['content_id'], playlist_data.get('title'))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
-
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        vod_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']
 
-        if self._search_regex(
-                r'(?i)<meta\s[^>]*http-equiv="refresh"\s[^>]*content="[0-9]+;\s*url=https://www\.litv\.tv/"',
-                webpage, 'meta refresh redirect', default=False, group=0):
-            raise ExtractorError('No such content found', expected=True)
+        program_info = traverse_obj(vod_data, ('programInformation', {dict})) or {}
+        playlist_data = traverse_obj(vod_data, ('seriesTree'))
+        if playlist_data and self._yes_playlist(program_info.get('series_id'), video_id, smuggled_data):
+            return self._extract_playlist(playlist_data, program_info.get('content_type'))
 
-        program_info = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'var\s+programInfo\s*=\s*([^;]+)', webpage, 'VOD data', default='{}'),
-            video_id)
+        asset_id = traverse_obj(program_info, ('assets', 0, 'asset_id', {str}))
+        if asset_id:  # This is a VOD
+            media_type = 'vod'
+        else:  # This is a live stream
+            asset_id = program_info['content_id']
+            media_type = program_info['content_type']
+        puid = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.litv.tv/')['PUID'].value)
+        if puid:
+            endpoint = 'get-urls'
+        else:
+            puid = str(uuid.uuid4())
+            endpoint = 'get-urls-no-auth'
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.litv.tv/api/{endpoint}', video_id,
+            data=json.dumps({'AssetId': asset_id, 'MediaType': media_type, 'puid': puid}).encode(),
+            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
 
-        # In browsers `getProgramInfo` request is always issued. Usually this
-        # endpoint gives the same result as the data embedded in the webpage.
-        # If, for some reason, there are no embedded data, we do an extra request.
-        if 'assetId' not in program_info:
-            program_info = self._download_json(
-                'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/getProgramInfo', video_id,
-                query={'contentId': video_id},
-                headers={'Accept': 'application/json'})
-
-        series_id = program_info['seriesId']
-        if self._yes_playlist(series_id, video_id, smuggled_data):
-            playlist_data = self._download_json(
-                'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/getSeriesTree', video_id,
-                query={'seriesId': series_id}, headers={'Accept': 'application/json'})
-            return self._extract_playlist(playlist_data, program_info['contentType'])
-
-        video_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'uiHlsUrl\s*=\s*testBackendData\(([^;]+)\);',
-            webpage, 'video data', default='{}'), video_id)
-        if not video_data:
-            payload = {'assetId': program_info['assetId']}
-            puid = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.litv.tv/')['PUID'].value)
-            if puid:
-                payload.update({
-                    'type': 'auth',
-                    'puid': puid,
-                })
-                endpoint = 'getUrl'
-            else:
-                payload.update({
-                    'watchDevices': program_info['watchDevices'],
-                    'contentType': program_info['contentType'],
-                })
-                endpoint = 'getMainUrlNoAuth'
-            video_data = self._download_json(
-                f'https://www.litv.tv/vod/ajax/{endpoint}', video_id,
-                data=json.dumps(payload).encode(),
-                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'})
-
-        if not video_data.get('fullpath'):
-            error_msg = video_data.get('errorMessage')
-            if error_msg == 'vod.error.outsideregionerror':
+        if error := traverse_obj(video_data, ('error', {dict})):
+            error_msg = traverse_obj(error, ('message', {str}))
+            if error_msg and 'OutsideRegionError' in error_msg:
                 self.raise_geo_restricted('This video is available in Taiwan only')
-            if error_msg:
+            elif error_msg:
                 raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {error_msg}', expected=True)
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Unexpected result from {self.IE_NAME}')
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Unexpected error from {self.IE_NAME}')
 
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            video_data['fullpath'], video_id, ext='mp4',
-            entry_protocol='m3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls')
+            video_data['result']['AssetURLs'][0], video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
         for a_format in formats:
             # LiTV HLS segments doesn't like compressions
             a_format.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Accept-Encoding'] = 'identity'
 
-        title = program_info['title'] + program_info.get('secondaryMark', '')
-        description = program_info.get('description')
-        thumbnail = program_info.get('imageFile')
-        categories = [item['name'] for item in program_info.get('category', [])]
-        episode = int_or_none(program_info.get('episode'))
-
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
-            'categories': categories,
-            'episode_number': episode,
+            'title': join_nonempty('title', 'secondary_mark', delim='', from_dict=program_info),
+            **traverse_obj(program_info, {
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('picture', {urljoin('https://p-cdnstatic.svc.litv.tv/')}),
+                'categories': ('genres', ..., 'name', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lnkgo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lnk.py
similarity index 53%
rename from yt_dlp/extractor/lnkgo.py
rename to yt_dlp/extractor/lnk.py
index 31a7cefd8..593f73410 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lnkgo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lnk.py
@@ -1,86 +1,11 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    clean_html,
     format_field,
     int_or_none,
-    parse_iso8601,
     unified_strdate,
 )
 
 
-class LnkGoIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?lnk(?:go)?\.(?:alfa\.)?lt/(?:visi-video/[^/]+|video)/(?P<id>[A-Za-z0-9-]+)(?:/(?P<episode_id>\d+))?'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.lnkgo.lt/visi-video/aktualai-pratesimas/ziurek-putka-trys-klausimai',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10809',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Put'ka: Trys Klausimai",
-            'upload_date': '20161216',
-            'description': 'Seniai matytas Put’ka užduoda tris klausimėlius. Pabandykime surasti atsakymus.',
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'duration': 117,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'timestamp': 1481904000,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,  # HLS download
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://lnkgo.alfa.lt/visi-video/aktualai-pratesimas/ziurek-nerdas-taiso-kompiuteri-2',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10467',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nėrdas: Kompiuterio Valymas',
-            'upload_date': '20150113',
-            'description': 'md5:7352d113a242a808676ff17e69db6a69',
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'duration': 346,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'timestamp': 1421164800,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,  # HLS download
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://lnk.lt/video/neigalieji-tv-bokste/37413',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-    _AGE_LIMITS = {
-        'N-7': 7,
-        'N-14': 14,
-        'S': 18,
-    }
-    _M3U8_TEMPL = 'https://vod.lnk.lt/lnk_vod/lnk/lnk/%s:%s/playlist.m3u8%s'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-
-        video_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://lnk.lt/api/main/video-page/{}/{}/false'.format(display_id, video_id or '0'),
-            display_id)['videoConfig']['videoInfo']
-
-        video_id = str(video_info['id'])
-        title = video_info['title']
-        prefix = 'smil' if video_info.get('isQualityChangeAvailable') else 'mp4'
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            self._M3U8_TEMPL % (prefix, video_info['videoUrl'], video_info.get('secureTokenParams') or ''),
-            video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'display_id': display_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': format_field(video_info, 'posterImage', 'https://lnk.lt/all-images/%s'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(video_info.get('duration')),
-            'description': clean_html(video_info.get('htmlDescription')),
-            'age_limit': self._AGE_LIMITS.get(video_info.get('pgRating'), 0),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(video_info.get('airDate')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(video_info.get('viewsCount')),
-        }
-
-
 class LnkIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?lnk\.lt/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/loco.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/loco.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a648f7e13
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/loco.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import int_or_none, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj
+
+
+class LocoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?loco\.com/(?P<type>streamers|stream)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://loco.com/streamers/teuzinfps',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'teuzinfps',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:MS BOLADAO, RESENHA & GAMEPLAY ALTO NIVEL',
+            'description': 'bom e novo',
+            'uploader_id': 'RLUVE3S9JU',
+            'channel': 'teuzinfps',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.ivory.getloconow.com/default_thumb/743701a9-98ca-41ae-9a8b-70bd5da070ad.jpg',
+            'tags': ['MMORPG', 'Gameplay'],
+            'series': 'Tibia',
+            'timestamp': int,
+            'modified_timestamp': int,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'upload_date': str,
+            'modified_date': str,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://loco.com/stream/c64916eb-10fb-46a9-9a19-8c4b7ed064e7',
+        'md5': '45ebc8a47ee1c2240178757caf8881b5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'c64916eb-10fb-46a9-9a19-8c4b7ed064e7',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'PAULINHO LOKO NA LOCO!',
+            'description': 'live on na loco',
+            'uploader_id': '2MDO7Z1DPM',
+            'channel': 'paulinholokobr',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 14491,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.ivory.getloconow.com/default_thumb/59b5970b-23c1-4518-9e96-17ce341299fe.jpg',
+            'tags': ['Gameplay'],
+            'series': 'GTA 5',
+            'timestamp': 1740612872,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1740613037,
+            'upload_date': '20250226',
+            'modified_date': '20250226',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_type, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('type', 'id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        stream = traverse_obj(self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id), (
+            'props', 'pageProps', ('liveStreamData', 'stream'), {dict}, any, {require('stream info')}))
+
+        return {
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(stream['conf']['hls'], video_id),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'is_live': video_type == 'streamers',
+            **traverse_obj(stream, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'series': ('game_name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('user_uid', {str}),
+                'channel': ('alias', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'concurrent_view_count': ('viewersCurrent', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('total_views', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail_url_small', {url_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('started_at', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('updated_at', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'comment_count': ('comments_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'channel_follower_count': ('followers_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/loom.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/loom.py
index 1191aa17e..b0878c33e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/loom.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/loom.py
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ class LoomIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'params': {'videopassword': 'seniorinfants2'},
     }, {
-        # embed, transcoded-url endpoint sends empty JSON response
+        # embed, transcoded-url endpoint sends empty JSON response, split video and audio HLS formats
         'url': 'https://www.loom.com/embed/ddcf1c1ad21f451ea7468b1e33917e4e',
-        'md5': '8488817242a0db1cb2ad0ea522553cf6',
+        'md5': 'b321d261656848c184a94e3b93eae28d',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'ddcf1c1ad21f451ea7468b1e33917e4e',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ class LoomIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1657216459,
             'duration': 181,
         },
+        'params': {'format': 'bestvideo'},  # Test video-only fixup
         'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse JSON'],
     }]
     _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
@@ -293,7 +294,11 @@ def get_formats(format_url, format_id, quality):
                 format_url = format_url.replace('-split.m3u8', '.m3u8')
                 m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                     format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=f'hls-{format_id}', fatal=False, quality=quality)
+                # Sometimes only split video/audio formats are available, need to fixup video-only formats
+                is_not_premerged = 'none' in traverse_obj(m3u8_formats, (..., 'vcodec'))
                 for fmt in m3u8_formats:
+                    if is_not_premerged and fmt.get('vcodec') != 'none':
+                        fmt['acodec'] = 'none'
                     yield {
                         **fmt,
                         'url': update_url(fmt['url'], query=query),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py
index f5be08f97..56c06d745 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lsm.py
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ class LSMLREmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         query = parse_qs(url)
         video_id = traverse_obj(query, (
-            ('show', 'id'), 0, {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}, {str_or_none}), get_all=False)
+            ('show', 'id'), 0, {int_or_none}, filter, {str_or_none}), get_all=False)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         player_data, media_data = self._search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/magellantv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/magellantv.py
index 6f2524ba2..e7ae709cf 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/magellantv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/magellantv.py
@@ -1,35 +1,36 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import parse_age_limit, parse_duration, traverse_obj
+from ..utils import parse_age_limit, parse_duration, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class MagellanTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?magellantv\.com/(?:watch|video)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/watch/my-dads-on-death-row?type=v',
+        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/watch/incas-the-new-story?type=v',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'my-dads-on-death-row',
+            'id': 'incas-the-new-story',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'My Dad\'s On Death Row',
-            'description': 'md5:33ba23b9f0651fc4537ed19b1d5b0d7a',
-            'duration': 3780.0,
+            'title': 'Incas: The New Story',
+            'description': 'md5:936c7f6d711c02dfb9db22a067b586fe',
             'age_limit': 14,
-            'tags': ['Justice', 'Reality', 'United States', 'True Crime'],
+            'duration': 3060.0,
+            'tags': ['Ancient History', 'Archaeology', 'Anthropology'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/video/james-bulger-the-new-revelations',
+        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/video/tortured-to-death-murdering-the-nanny',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'james-bulger-the-new-revelations',
+            'id': 'tortured-to-death-murdering-the-nanny',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'James Bulger: The New Revelations',
-            'description': 'md5:7b97922038bad1d0fe8d0470d8a189f2',
+            'title': 'Tortured to Death: Murdering the Nanny',
+            'description': 'md5:d87033594fa218af2b1a8b49f52511e5',
+            'age_limit': 14,
             'duration': 2640.0,
-            'age_limit': 0,
-            'tags': ['Investigation', 'True Crime', 'Justice', 'Europe'],
+            'tags': ['True Crime', 'Murder'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/watch/celebration-nation',
+        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/watch/celebration-nation?type=s',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'celebration-nation',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -43,10 +44,19 @@ class MagellanTVIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        data = traverse_obj(self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id), (
-            'props', 'pageProps', 'reactContext',
-            (('video', 'detail'), ('series', 'currentEpisode')), {dict}), get_all=False)
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(data['jwpVideoUrl'], video_id)
+        context = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['reactContext']
+        data = traverse_obj(context, ((('video', 'detail'), ('series', 'currentEpisode')), {dict}, any))
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for m3u8_url in set(traverse_obj(data, ((('manifests', ..., 'hls'), 'jwp_video_url'), {url_or_none}))):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        if not formats and (error := traverse_obj(context, ('errorDetailPage', 'errorMessage', {str}))):
+            if 'available in your country' in error:
+                self.raise_geo_restricted(msg=error)
+            self.raise_no_formats(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {error}', expected=True)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py
index 5bfc0a154..24c46a152 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/magentamusik.py
@@ -57,6 +57,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'duration': ('runtimeInSeconds', {int_or_none}),
                 'location': ('countriesOfProduction', {list}, {lambda x: join_nonempty(*x, delim=', ')}),
                 'release_year': ('yearOfProduction', {int_or_none}),
-                'categories': ('mainGenre', {str}, {lambda x: x and [x]}),
+                'categories': ('mainGenre', {str}, all, filter),
             })),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py
index cca678f14..0496a87f0 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mailru.py
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_data = None
 
         # fix meta_url if missing the host address
-        if re.match(r'^\/\+\/', meta_url):
+        if re.match(r'\/\+\/', meta_url):
             meta_url = urljoin('https://my.mail.ru', meta_url)
 
         if meta_url:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/medaltv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/medaltv.py
index d64dbfe63..94c51ed0e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/medaltv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/medaltv.py
@@ -102,11 +102,10 @@ def add_item(container, item_url, height, id_key='format_id', item_id=None):
             item_id = item_id or '%dp' % height
             if item_id not in item_url:
                 return
-            width = int(round(aspect_ratio * height))
             container.append({
                 'url': item_url,
                 id_key: item_id,
-                'width': width,
+                'width': round(aspect_ratio * height),
                 'height': height,
             })
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py
index f51342060..197e91d1d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediaklikk.py
@@ -16,6 +16,15 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
                         (?P<id>[^/#?_]+)'''
 
     _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://mediaklikk.hu/filmajanlo/cikk/az-ajto/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '668177',
+            'title': 'Az ajtó',
+            'display_id': 'az-ajto',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.cms.mtv.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2016/01/vlcsnap-2023-07-31-14h18m52s111.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
         # (old) mediaklikk. date in html.
         'url': 'https://mediaklikk.hu/video/hazajaro-delnyugat-bacska-a-duna-menten-palankatol-doroszloig/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -37,6 +46,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20230903',
             'thumbnail': 'https://mediaklikk.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2014/02/hazajarouj_JO.jpg',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to 404 page',
     }, {
         # (old) m4sport
         'url': 'https://m4sport.hu/video/2021/08/30/gyemant-liga-parizs/',
@@ -59,6 +69,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20230908',
             'thumbnail': 'https://m4sport.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/09/vlcsnap-2023-09-08-22h43m18s691.jpg',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to 404 page',
     }, {
         # m4sport with *video/ url and no date
         'url': 'https://m4sport.hu/bl-video/real-madrid-chelsea-1-1/',
@@ -69,6 +80,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'thumbnail': 'https://m4sport.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2021/04/Sequence-01.Still001-1024x576.png',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to 404 page',
     }, {
         # (old) hirado
         'url': 'https://hirado.hu/videok/felteteleket-szabott-a-fovaros/',
@@ -90,6 +102,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20230911',
             'thumbnail': 'https://hirado.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/09/vlcsnap-2023-09-11-09h16m09s882.jpg',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to video list page',
     }, {
         # (old) petofilive
         'url': 'https://petofilive.hu/video/2021/06/07/tha-shudras-az-akusztikban/',
@@ -112,6 +125,7 @@ class MediaKlikkIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20230909',
             'thumbnail': 'https://petofilive.hu/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2023/09/Clipboard11-2.jpg',
         },
+        'skip': 'Webpage redirects to video list page',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -143,14 +157,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if not playlist_url:
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract playlist url')
 
-        formats = self._extract_wowza_formats(
-            playlist_url, video_id, skip_protocols=['f4m', 'smil', 'dash'])
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(playlist_url, video_id)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'title': title,
             'display_id': display_id,
             'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
             'upload_date': upload_date,
             'thumbnail': player_data.get('bgImage') or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
index ae0fb2aed..d2a22f98f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mediastream.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ class MediaStreamBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://mdstrm\.com/(?:embed|live-stream)'
 
     def _extract_mediastream_urls(self, webpage):
-        yield from traverse_obj(list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None, fatal=False)), (
+        yield from traverse_obj(list(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None, default={})), (
             lambda _, v: v['@type'] == 'VideoObject', ('embedUrl', 'contentUrl'),
             {lambda x: x if re.match(rf'{self._BASE_URL_RE}/\w+', x) else None}))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py
index d5dda06f9..c793626fd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mgtv.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 
 class MGTVIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:w(?:ww)?\.)?mgtv\.com/(v|b)/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>\d+)\.html'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:w(?:ww)?\.)?mgtv\.com/[bv]/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>\d+)\.html'
     IE_DESC = '芒果TV'
     IE_NAME = 'MangoTV'
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py
index d0135f5a9..9d58fa0a6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/microsoftembed.py
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     parse_iso8601,
+    parse_resolution,
     traverse_obj,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_basename,
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ class MicrosoftEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1631658316,
             'upload_date': '20210914',
         },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: syntax error: line 1, column 0'],
     }]
     _API_URL = 'https://prod-video-cms-rt-microsoft-com.akamaized.net/vhs/api/videos/'
 
@@ -36,11 +38,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         formats = []
         for source_type, source in metadata['streams'].items():
             if source_type == 'smooth_Streaming':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mss'))
+                formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mss', fatal=False))
             elif source_type == 'apple_HTTP_Live_Streaming':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mp4'))
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(source['url'], video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False))
             elif source_type == 'mPEG_DASH':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(source['url'], video_id))
+                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(source['url'], video_id, fatal=False))
             else:
                 formats.append({
                     'format_id': source_type,
@@ -82,8 +84,8 @@ def _sub_to_dict(subtitle_list):
             subtitles.setdefault(sub.pop('tag', 'und'), []).append(sub)
         return subtitles
 
-    def _extract_ism(self, ism_url, video_id):
-        formats = self._extract_ism_formats(ism_url, video_id)
+    def _extract_ism(self, ism_url, video_id, fatal=True):
+        formats = self._extract_ism_formats(ism_url, video_id, fatal=fatal)
         for fmt in formats:
             if fmt['language'] != 'eng' and 'English' not in fmt['format_id']:
                 fmt['language_preference'] = -10
@@ -217,9 +219,21 @@ class MicrosoftLearnEpisodeIE(MicrosoftMediusBaseIE):
             'description': 'md5:7bbbfb593d21c2cf2babc3715ade6b88',
             'timestamp': 1676339547,
             'upload_date': '20230214',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://learn\.microsoft\.com/video/media/.*\.png',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://learn\.microsoft\.com/video/media/.+\.png',
             'subtitles': 'count:14',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://learn.microsoft.com/en-gb/shows/on-demand-instructor-led-training-series/az-900-module-1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4fe10f7c-d83c-463b-ac0e-c30a8195e01b',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'AZ-900 Cloud fundamentals (1 of 6)',
+            'description': 'md5:3c2212ce865e9142f402c766441bd5c9',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+/.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1706605184,
+            'upload_date': '20240130',
+        },
+        'params': {'format': 'bv[protocol=https]'},
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -229,9 +243,32 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         entry_id = self._html_search_meta('entryId', webpage, 'entryId', fatal=True)
         video_info = self._download_json(
             f'https://learn.microsoft.com/api/video/public/v1/entries/{entry_id}', video_id)
+
+        formats = []
+        if ism_url := traverse_obj(video_info, ('publicVideo', 'adaptiveVideoUrl', {url_or_none})):
+            formats.extend(self._extract_ism(ism_url, video_id, fatal=False))
+        if hls_url := traverse_obj(video_info, ('publicVideo', 'adaptiveVideoHLSUrl', {url_or_none})):
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+        if mpd_url := traverse_obj(video_info, ('publicVideo', 'adaptiveVideoDashUrl', {url_or_none})):
+            formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(mpd_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
+        for key in ('low', 'medium', 'high'):
+            if video_url := traverse_obj(video_info, ('publicVideo', f'{key}QualityVideoUrl', {url_or_none})):
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': video_url,
+                    'format_id': f'video-http-{key}',
+                    'acodec': 'none',
+                    **parse_resolution(video_url),
+                })
+        if audio_url := traverse_obj(video_info, ('publicVideo', 'audioUrl', {url_or_none})):
+            formats.append({
+                'url': audio_url,
+                'format_id': 'audio-http',
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+            })
+
         return {
             'id': entry_id,
-            'formats': self._extract_ism(video_info['publicVideo']['adaptiveVideoUrl'], video_id),
+            'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': self._sub_to_dict(traverse_obj(video_info, (
                 'publicVideo', 'captions', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']), {
                     'tag': ('language', {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mildom.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mildom.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 88a2b9e89..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mildom.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,291 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-import json
-import uuid
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    OnDemandPagedList,
-    determine_ext,
-    dict_get,
-    float_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-)
-
-
-class MildomBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _GUEST_ID = None
-
-    def _call_api(self, url, video_id, query=None, note='Downloading JSON metadata', body=None):
-        if not self._GUEST_ID:
-            self._GUEST_ID = f'pc-gp-{uuid.uuid4()}'
-
-        content = self._download_json(
-            url, video_id, note=note, data=json.dumps(body).encode() if body else None,
-            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'} if body else {},
-            query={
-                '__guest_id': self._GUEST_ID,
-                '__platform': 'web',
-                **(query or {}),
-            })
-
-        if content['code'] != 0:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Mildom says: {content["message"]} (code {content["code"]})',
-                expected=True)
-        return content['body']
-
-
-class MildomIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom'
-    IE_DESC = 'Record ongoing live by specific user in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/(?P<id>\d+)'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.mildom.com/{video_id}', video_id)
-
-        enterstudio = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/live/enterstudio', video_id,
-            note='Downloading live metadata', query={'user_id': video_id})
-        result_video_id = enterstudio.get('log_id', video_id)
-
-        servers = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/live/liveserver', result_video_id,
-            note='Downloading live server list', query={
-                'user_id': video_id,
-                'live_server_type': 'hls',
-            })
-
-        playback_token = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/live/token', result_video_id,
-            note='Obtaining live playback token', body={'host_id': video_id, 'type': 'hls'})
-        playback_token = traverse_obj(playback_token, ('data', ..., 'token'), get_all=False)
-        if not playback_token:
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to obtain live playback token')
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            f'{servers["stream_server"]}/{video_id}_master.m3u8?{playback_token}',
-            result_video_id, 'mp4', headers={
-                'Referer': 'https://www.mildom.com/',
-                'Origin': 'https://www.mildom.com',
-            })
-
-        for fmt in formats:
-            fmt.setdefault('http_headers', {})['Referer'] = 'https://www.mildom.com/'
-
-        return {
-            'id': result_video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_meta('twitter:description', webpage, default=None) or traverse_obj(enterstudio, 'anchor_intro'),
-            'description': traverse_obj(enterstudio, 'intro', 'live_intro', expected_type=str),
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(enterstudio.get('live_start_ms'), scale=1000),
-            'uploader': self._html_search_meta('twitter:title', webpage, default=None) or traverse_obj(enterstudio, 'loginname'),
-            'uploader_id': video_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'is_live': True,
-        }
-
-
-class MildomVodIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom:vod'
-    IE_DESC = 'VOD in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/playback/(?P<user_id>\d+)/(?P<id>(?P=user_id)-[a-zA-Z0-9]+-?[0-9]*)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/playback/10882672/10882672-1597662269',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672-1597662269',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '始めてのミルダム配信じゃぃ！',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpg)$',
-            'upload_date': '20200817',
-            'duration': 4138.37,
-            'description': 'ゲームをしたくて！',
-            'timestamp': 1597662269.0,
-            'uploader_id': '10882672',
-            'uploader': 'kson組長(けいそん)',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/playback/10882672/10882672-1597758589870-477',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672-1597758589870-477',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '【kson】感染メイズ！麻酔銃で無双する',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpg)$',
-            'timestamp': 1597759093.0,
-            'uploader': 'kson組長(けいそん)',
-            'duration': 4302.58,
-            'uploader_id': '10882672',
-            'description': 'このステージ絶対乗り越えたい',
-            'upload_date': '20200818',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/playback/10882672/10882672-buha9td2lrn97fk2jme0',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672-buha9td2lrn97fk2jme0',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '【kson組長】CART RACER!!!',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(png|jpg)$',
-            'uploader_id': '10882672',
-            'uploader': 'kson組長(けいそん)',
-            'upload_date': '20201104',
-            'timestamp': 1604494797.0,
-            'duration': 4657.25,
-            'description': 'WTF',
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.mildom.com/playback/{user_id}/{video_id}', video_id)
-
-        autoplay = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/videocontent/playback/getPlaybackDetail', video_id,
-            note='Downloading playback metadata', query={
-                'v_id': video_id,
-            })['playback']
-
-        formats = [{
-            'url': autoplay['audio_url'],
-            'format_id': 'audio',
-            'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
-            'vcodec': 'none',
-            'acodec': 'aac',
-            'ext': 'm4a',
-        }]
-        for fmt in autoplay['video_link']:
-            formats.append({
-                'format_id': 'video-{}'.format(fmt['name']),
-                'url': fmt['url'],
-                'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
-                'width': fmt['level'] * autoplay['video_width'] // autoplay['video_height'],
-                'height': fmt['level'],
-                'vcodec': 'h264',
-                'acodec': 'aac',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-            })
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_meta(('og:description', 'description'), webpage, default=None) or autoplay.get('title'),
-            'description': traverse_obj(autoplay, 'video_intro'),
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(autoplay.get('publish_time'), scale=1000),
-            'duration': float_or_none(autoplay.get('video_length'), scale=1000),
-            'thumbnail': dict_get(autoplay, ('upload_pic', 'video_pic')),
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(autoplay, ('author_info', 'login_name')),
-            'uploader_id': user_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-        }
-
-
-class MildomClipIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom:clip'
-    IE_DESC = 'Clip in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/clip/(?P<id>(?P<user_id>\d+)-[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/clip/10042245-63921673e7b147ebb0806d42b5ba5ce9',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10042245-63921673e7b147ebb0806d42b5ba5ce9',
-            'title': '全然違ったよ',
-            'timestamp': 1619181890,
-            'duration': 59,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+',
-            'uploader': 'ざきんぽ',
-            'uploader_id': '10042245',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/clip/10111524-ebf4036e5aa8411c99fb3a1ae0902864',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10111524-ebf4036e5aa8411c99fb3a1ae0902864',
-            'title': 'かっこいい',
-            'timestamp': 1621094003,
-            'duration': 59,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+',
-            'uploader': '(ルーキー',
-            'uploader_id': '10111524',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/clip/10660174-2c539e6e277c4aaeb4b1fbe8d22cb902',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10660174-2c539e6e277c4aaeb4b1fbe8d22cb902',
-            'title': 'あ',
-            'timestamp': 1614769431,
-            'duration': 31,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+',
-            'uploader': 'ドルゴルスレンギーン＝ダグワドルジ',
-            'uploader_id': '10660174',
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(f'https://www.mildom.com/clip/{video_id}', video_id)
-
-        clip_detail = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac-cf-jp.mildom.com/nonolive/videocontent/clip/detail', video_id,
-            note='Downloading playback metadata', query={
-                'clip_id': video_id,
-            })
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_search_meta(
-                ('og:description', 'description'), webpage, default=None) or clip_detail.get('title'),
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(clip_detail.get('create_time')),
-            'duration': float_or_none(clip_detail.get('length')),
-            'thumbnail': clip_detail.get('cover'),
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(clip_detail, ('user_info', 'loginname')),
-            'uploader_id': user_id,
-
-            'url': clip_detail['url'],
-            'ext': determine_ext(clip_detail.get('url'), 'mp4'),
-        }
-
-
-class MildomUserVodIE(MildomBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'mildom:user:vod'
-    IE_DESC = 'Download all VODs from specific user in Mildom'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|m)\.)mildom\.com/profile/(?P<id>\d+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/profile/10093333',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10093333',
-            'title': 'Uploads from ねこばたけ',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 732,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.mildom.com/profile/10882672',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '10882672',
-            'title': 'Uploads from kson組長(けいそん)',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 201,
-    }]
-
-    def _fetch_page(self, user_id, page):
-        page += 1
-        reply = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/videocontent/profile/playbackList',
-            user_id, note=f'Downloading page {page}', query={
-                'user_id': user_id,
-                'page': page,
-                'limit': '30',
-            })
-        if not reply:
-            return
-        for x in reply:
-            v_id = x.get('v_id')
-            if not v_id:
-                continue
-            yield self.url_result(f'https://www.mildom.com/playback/{user_id}/{v_id}')
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id = self._match_id(url)
-        self.to_screen(f'This will download all VODs belonging to user. To download ongoing live video, use "https://www.mildom.com/{user_id}" instead')
-
-        profile = self._call_api(
-            'https://cloudac.mildom.com/nonolive/gappserv/user/profileV2', user_id,
-            query={'user_id': user_id}, note='Downloading user profile')['user_info']
-
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(self._fetch_page, user_id), 30),
-            user_id, f'Uploads from {profile["loginname"]}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mit.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mit.py
index e75c540a2..66c3b0793 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mit.py
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class OCWMITIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'ocw.mit.edu'
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://ocw\.mit\.edu/courses/(?P<topic>[a-z0-9\-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://ocw\.mit\.edu/courses/(?P<topic>[a-z0-9\-]+)'
     _BASE_URL = 'http://ocw.mit.edu/'
 
     _TESTS = [
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
index ea2998672..55fa83b51 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
@@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
-from .telecinco import TelecincoIE
+from .telecinco import TelecincoBaseIE
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     parse_iso8601,
 )
 
 
-class MiTeleIE(TelecincoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class MiTeleIE(TelecincoBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'mitele.es'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mitele\.es/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>[^/]+)/player'
-
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.mitele.es/programas-tv/diario-de/57b0dfb9c715da65618b4afa/player',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -27,6 +28,7 @@ class MiTeleIE(TelecincoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
             'timestamp': 1471209401,
             'upload_date': '20160814',
         },
+        'skip': 'HTTP Error 404 Not Found',
     }, {
         # no explicit title
         'url': 'http://www.mitele.es/programas-tv/cuarto-milenio/57b0de3dc915da14058b4876/player',
@@ -49,6 +51,26 @@ class MiTeleIE(TelecincoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'HTTP Error 404 Not Found',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.mitele.es/programas-tv/horizonte/temporada-5/programa-171-40_013480051/player/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7adbe22e-cd41-4787-afa4-36f3da7c2c6f',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Horizonte Temporada 5 Programa 171',
+            'description': 'md5:97f1fb712c5ac27e5693a8b3c5c0c6e3',
+            'episode': 'Las Zonas de Bajas Emisiones, a debate',
+            'episode_number': 171,
+            'season': 'Season 5',
+            'season_number': 5,
+            'series': 'Horizonte',
+            'duration': 7012,
+            'upload_date': '20240927',
+            'timestamp': 1727416450,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://album.mediaset.es/eimg/2024/09/27/horizonte-171_9f02.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 12,
+        },
+        'params': {'geo_bypass_country': 'ES'},
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.mitele.es/series-online/la-que-se-avecina/57aac5c1c915da951a8b45ed/player',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -59,10 +81,20 @@ class MiTeleIE(TelecincoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        pre_player = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.prePlayer_mtweb\s*=\s*({.+})',
-            webpage, 'Pre Player'), display_id)['prePlayer']
+
+        try:  # yt-dlp's default user-agents are too old and blocked by akamai
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, headers={
+                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:136.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/136.0',
+            })
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status != 403:
+                raise
+            # Retry with impersonation if hardcoded UA is insufficient to bypass akamai
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, impersonate=True)
+
+        pre_player = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.prePlayer_mtweb\s*=',
+            webpage, 'Pre Player', display_id)['prePlayer']
         title = pre_player['title']
         video_info = self._parse_content(pre_player['video'], url)
         content = pre_player.get('content') or {}
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
index 9b7c7b89b..4bccc81bd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixch.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 
 class MixchIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'mixch'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mixch\.tv/u/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mixch\.tv/u/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://mixch.tv/u/16943797/live',
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ def _get_comments(self, video_id):
             note='Downloading comments', errnote='Failed to download comments'), (..., {
                 'author': ('name', {str}),
                 'author_id': ('user_id', {str_or_none}),
-                'id': ('message_id', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'id': ('message_id', {str}, filter),
                 'text': ('body', {str}),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int}),
             }))
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def _get_comments(self, video_id):
 
 class MixchArchiveIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'mixch:archive'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mixch\.tv/archive/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mixch\.tv/archive/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://mixch.tv/archive/421',
@@ -116,3 +116,56 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(info_json['archiveURL'], video_id),
             'thumbnail': traverse_obj(info_json, ('thumbnailURL', {url_or_none})),
         }
+
+
+class MixchMovieIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'mixch:movie'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://mixch\.tv/m/(?P<id>\w+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/m/Ve8KNkJ5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'Ve8KNkJ5',
+            'title': '夏☀️\nムービーへのポイントは本イベントに加算されないので配信にてお願い致します🙇🏻\u200d♀️\n#TGCCAMPUS #ミス東大 #ミス東大2024 ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader': 'ミス東大No.5 松藤百香🍑💫',
+            'uploader_id': '12299174',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1724070828,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://mixch.tv/u/12299174',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'upload_date': '20240819',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://mixch.tv/m/61DzpIKE',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://mixch.tv/api-web/movies/{video_id}', video_id)
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': [{
+                'format_id': 'mp4',
+                'url': data['movie']['file'],
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+            }],
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('movie', 'title', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('movie', 'thumbnailURL', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('ownerInfo', 'name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('ownerInfo', 'id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
+                'channel_follower_count': ('ownerInfo', 'fan', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('ownerInfo', 'view', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('movie', 'favCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('movie', 'commentCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('movie', 'published', {int_or_none}),
+                'uploader_url': ('ownerInfo', 'id', {lambda x: x and f'https://mixch.tv/u/{x}'}, filter),
+            }),
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mlb.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mlb.py
index 935bf8561..f7726e5b1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mlb.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mlb.py
@@ -449,9 +449,7 @@ def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, broadcast, video_id):
 
         if not (m3u8_url and token):
             errors = '; '.join(traverse_obj(response, ('errors', ..., 'message', {str})))
-            if 'not entitled' in errors:
-                raise ExtractorError(errors, expected=True)
-            elif errors:  # Only warn when 'blacked out' since radio formats are available
+            if errors:  # Only warn when 'blacked out' or 'not entitled'; radio formats may be available
                 self.report_warning(f'API returned errors for {format_id}: {errors}')
             else:
                 self.report_warning(f'No formats available for {format_id} broadcast; skipping')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/mojevideo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/mojevideo.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..145e30697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mojevideo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import js_to_json, remove_end, update_url_query
+
+
+class MojevideoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'mojevideo.sk'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?mojevideo\.sk/video/(?P<id>\w+)/(?P<display_id>[\w()]+?)\.html'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/3d17c/chlapci_dobetonovali_sme_mame_hotovo.html',
+        'md5': '384a4628bd2bbd261c5206cf77c38c17',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3d17c',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Chlapci dobetónovali sme, máme hotovo!',
+            'display_id': 'chlapci_dobetonovali_sme_mame_hotovo',
+            'description': 'md5:a0822126044050d304a9ef58c92ddb34',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs5.mojevideo.sk/imgfb/250236.jpg',
+            'duration': 21.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230919',
+            'timestamp': 1695129706,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # 720p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/14677/den_blbec.html',
+        'md5': '517c3e111c53a67d10b429c1f344ba2f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '14677',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Deň blbec?',
+            'display_id': 'den_blbec',
+            'description': 'I maličkosť vám môže zmeniť celý deň. Nikdy nezahadzujte žuvačky na zem!',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs5.mojevideo.sk/imgfb/83575.jpg',
+            'duration': 100.0,
+            'upload_date': '20120515',
+            'timestamp': 1337076481,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # 1080p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/2feb2/band_maid_onset_(instrumental)_live_zepp_tokyo_(full_hd).html',
+        'md5': '64599a23d3ac31cf2fe069e4353d8162',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2feb2',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'BAND-MAID - onset (Instrumental) Live - Zepp Tokyo (Full HD)',
+            'display_id': 'band_maid_onset_(instrumental)_live_zepp_tokyo_(full_hd)',
+            'description': 'Výborná inštrumentálna skladba od skupiny BAND-MAID.',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://fs5.mojevideo.sk/imgfb/196274.jpg',
+            'duration': 240.0,
+            'upload_date': '20190708',
+            'timestamp': 1562576592,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        # 720p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/358c8/dva_nissany_skyline_strielaju_v_londyne.html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # 720p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/2455d/gopro_hero4_session_nova_sportova_vodotesna_kamera.html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # 1080p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/352ee/amd_rx_6800_xt_vs_nvidia_rtx_3080_(test_v_9_hrach).html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # 1080p
+        'url': 'https://www.mojevideo.sk/video/2cbeb/trailer_z_avengers_infinity_war.html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        video_id_dec = self._search_regex(
+            r'\bvId\s*=\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'video id', fatal=False) or str(int(video_id, 16))
+        video_exp = self._search_regex(r'\bvEx\s*=\s*["\'](\d+)', webpage, 'video expiry')
+        video_hashes = self._search_json(
+            r'\bvHash\s*=', webpage, 'video hashes', video_id,
+            contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', transform_source=js_to_json)
+
+        formats = []
+        for video_hash, (suffix, quality, format_note) in zip(video_hashes, [
+            ('', 1, 'normálna kvalita'),
+            ('_lq', 0, 'nízka kvalita'),
+            ('_hd', 2, 'HD-720p'),
+            ('_fhd', 3, 'FULL HD-1080p'),
+            ('_2k', 4, '2K-1440p'),
+        ]):
+            formats.append({
+                'format_id': f'mp4-{quality}',
+                'quality': quality,
+                'format_note': format_note,
+                'url': update_url_query(
+                    f'https://cache01.mojevideo.sk/securevideos69/{video_id_dec}{suffix}.mp4', {
+                        'md5': video_hash,
+                        'expires': video_exp,
+                    }),
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'title': (self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None)
+                      or remove_end(self._html_extract_title(webpage, 'title'), ' - Mojevideo')),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, default={}),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
index 930c13e27..f17b91f5a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/monstercat.py
@@ -4,15 +4,11 @@
 from ..utils import (
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
-    get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_html_by_class,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
     unified_strdate,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -26,19 +22,21 @@ class MonstercatIE(InfoExtractor):
             'thumbnail': 'https://www.monstercat.com/release/742779548009/cover',
             'release_date': '20230711',
             'album': 'The Secret Language of Trees',
-            'album_artist': 'BT',
+            'album_artists': ['BT'],
         },
     }]
 
     def _extract_tracks(self, table, album_meta):
         for td in re.findall(r'<tr[^<]*>((?:(?!</tr>)[\w\W])+)', table):  # regex by chatgpt due to lack of get_elements_by_tag
-            title = clean_html(try_call(
-                lambda: get_element_by_class('d-inline-flex flex-column', td).partition(' <span')[0]))
-            ids = extract_attributes(try_call(lambda: get_element_html_by_class('btn-play cursor-pointer mr-small', td)) or '')
+            title = traverse_obj(td, (
+                {find_element(cls='d-inline-flex flex-column')},
+                {lambda x: x.partition(' <span')}, 0, {clean_html}))
+            ids = traverse_obj(td, (
+                {find_element(cls='btn-play cursor-pointer mr-small', html=True)}, {extract_attributes})) or {}
             track_id = ids.get('data-track-id')
             release_id = ids.get('data-release-id')
 
-            track_number = int_or_none(try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('py-xsmall', td)))
+            track_number = traverse_obj(td, ({find_element(cls='py-xsmall')}, {int_or_none}))
             if not track_id or not release_id:
                 self.report_warning(f'Skipping track {track_number}, ID(s) not found')
                 self.write_debug(f'release_id={release_id!r} track_id={track_id!r}')
@@ -48,7 +46,7 @@ def _extract_tracks(self, table, album_meta):
                 'title': title,
                 'track': title,
                 'track_number': track_number,
-                'artist': clean_html(try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('d-block fs-xxsmall', td))),
+                'artists': traverse_obj(td, ({find_element(cls='d-block fs-xxsmall')}, {clean_html}, all)),
                 'url': f'https://www.monstercat.com/api/release/{release_id}/track-stream/{track_id}',
                 'id': track_id,
                 'ext': 'mp3',
@@ -57,20 +55,19 @@ def _extract_tracks(self, table, album_meta):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url_id = self._match_id(url)
         html = self._download_webpage(url, url_id)
-        # wrap all `get_elements` in `try_call`, HTMLParser has problems with site's html
-        tracklist_table = try_call(lambda: get_element_by_class('table table-small', html)) or ''
-
-        title = try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h1', html)[0])
-        date = traverse_obj(html, ({lambda html: get_element_by_class('font-italic mb-medium d-tablet-none d-phone-block',
-                            html).partition('Released ')}, 2, {strip_or_none}, {unified_strdate}))
+        # NB: HTMLParser may choke on this html; use {find_element} or try_call(lambda: get_element...)
+        tracklist_table = traverse_obj(html, {find_element(cls='table table-small')}) or ''
+        title = traverse_obj(html, ({find_element(tag='h1')}, {clean_html}))
 
         album_meta = {
             'title': title,
             'album': title,
             'thumbnail': f'https://www.monstercat.com/release/{url_id}/cover',
-            'album_artist': try_call(
-                lambda: get_element_by_class('h-normal text-uppercase mb-desktop-medium mb-smallish', html)),
-            'release_date': date,
+            'album_artists': traverse_obj(html, (
+                {find_element(cls='h-normal text-uppercase mb-desktop-medium mb-smallish')}, {clean_html}, all)),
+            'release_date': traverse_obj(html, (
+                {find_element(cls='font-italic mb-medium d-tablet-none d-phone-block')},
+                {lambda x: x.partition('Released ')}, 2, {strip_or_none}, {unified_strdate})),
         }
 
         return self.playlist_result(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/moviepilot.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/moviepilot.py
index ed5be4fa6..3b2023226 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/moviepilot.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/moviepilot.py
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@
 
 
 class MoviepilotIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _IE_NAME = 'moviepilot'
-    _IE_DESC = 'Moviepilot trailer'
+    IE_NAME = 'moviepilot'
+    IE_DESC = 'Moviepilot trailer'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?moviepilot\.de/movies/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/msn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/msn.py
index dd864952c..6ede7c5cf 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/msn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/msn.py
@@ -1,167 +1,215 @@
-import re
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
-    unescapeHTML,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class MSNIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|preview)\.)?msn\.com/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<display_id>[^/]+)/[a-z]{2}-(?P<id>[\da-zA-Z]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|preview)\.)?msn\.com/(?P<locale>[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2})/(?:[^/?#]+/)+(?P<display_id>[^/?#]+)/[a-z]{2}-(?P<id>[\da-zA-Z]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/video/7-ways-to-get-rid-of-chest-congestion/vi-BBPxU6d',
-        'md5': '087548191d273c5c55d05028f8d2cbcd',
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/news/president-macron-interrupts-trump-over-ukraine-funding/vi-AA1zMcD7',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'BBPxU6d',
-            'display_id': '7-ways-to-get-rid-of-chest-congestion',
+            'id': 'AA1zMcD7',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Seven ways to get rid of chest congestion',
-            'description': '7 Ways to Get Rid of Chest Congestion',
-            'duration': 88,
-            'uploader': 'Health',
-            'uploader_id': 'BBPrMqa',
+            'display_id': 'president-macron-interrupts-trump-over-ukraine-funding',
+            'title': 'President Macron interrupts Trump over Ukraine funding',
+            'description': 'md5:5fd3857ac25849e7a56cb25fbe1a2a8b',
+            'uploader': 'k! News UK',
+            'uploader_id': 'BB1hz5Rj',
+            'duration': 59,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1zMagX.img',
+            'tags': 'count:14',
+            'timestamp': 1740510914,
+            'upload_date': '20250225',
+            'release_timestamp': 1740513600,
+            'release_date': '20250225',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1741413241,
+            'modified_date': '20250308',
         },
     }, {
-        # Article, multiple Dailymotion Embeds
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/sports/hottest-football-wags-greatest-footballers-turned-managers-and-more/ar-BBpc7Nl',
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/watch/films-success-saved-adam-pearsons-acting-career/vi-AA1znZGE?ocid=hpmsn',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'BBpc7Nl',
+            'id': 'AA1znZGE',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'films-success-saved-adam-pearsons-acting-career',
+            'title': "Films' success saved Adam Pearson's acting career",
+            'description': 'md5:98c05f7bd9ab4f9c423400f62f2d3da5',
+            'uploader': 'Sky News',
+            'uploader_id': 'AA2eki',
+            'duration': 52,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1zo7nU.img',
+            'timestamp': 1739993965,
+            'upload_date': '20250219',
+            'release_timestamp': 1739977753,
+            'release_date': '20250219',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1742076259,
+            'modified_date': '20250315',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 4,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.msn.com/en-ae/news/offbeat/meet-the-nine-year-old-self-made-millionaire/ar-BBt6ZKf',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.msn.com/en-ae/video/watch/obama-a-lot-of-people-will-be-disappointed/vi-AAhxUMH',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # geo restricted
-        'url': 'http://www.msn.com/en-ae/foodanddrink/joinourtable/the-first-fart-makes-you-laugh-the-last-fart-makes-you-cry/vp-AAhzIBU',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.msn.com/en-ae/entertainment/bollywood/watch-how-salman-khan-reacted-when-asked-if-he-would-apologize-for-his-‘raped-woman’-comment/vi-AAhvzW6',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # Vidible(AOL) Embed
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/jupiter-is-about-to-come-so-close-you-can-see-its-moons-with-binoculars/vi-AACqsHR',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-us/entertainment/news/rock-frontman-replacements-you-might-not-know-happened/vi-AA1yLVcD',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'AA1yLVcD',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'rock-frontman-replacements-you-might-not-know-happened',
+            'title': 'Rock Frontman Replacements You Might Not Know Happened',
+            'description': 'md5:451a125496ff0c9f6816055bb1808da9',
+            'uploader': 'Grunge (Video)',
+            'uploader_id': 'BB1oveoV',
+            'duration': 596,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1yM4OJ.img',
+            'timestamp': 1739223456,
+            'upload_date': '20250210',
+            'release_timestamp': 1739219731,
+            'release_date': '20250210',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1741427272,
+            'modified_date': '20250308',
+        },
     }, {
         # Dailymotion Embed
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/es-ve/entretenimiento/watch/winston-salem-paire-refait-des-siennes-en-perdant-sa-raquette-au-service/vp-AAG704L',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/de-de/nachrichten/other/the-first-descendant-gameplay-trailer-zu-serena-der-neuen-gefl%C3%BCgelten-nachfahrin/vi-AA1B1d06',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x9g6oli',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The First Descendant: Gameplay-Trailer zu Serena, der neuen geflügelten Nachfahrin',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': 'MeinMMO',
+            'uploader_id': 'x2mvqi4',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 60,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://s1.dmcdn.net/v/Y3fO61drj56vPB9SS/x1080',
+            'tags': ['MeinMMO', 'The First Descendant'],
+            'timestamp': 1742124877,
+            'upload_date': '20250316',
+        },
     }, {
-        # YouTube Embed
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/news/meet-vikram-%E2%80%94-chandrayaan-2s-lander/vi-AAGUr0v',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        # Youtube Embed
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/webcontent/web-content/vi-AA1ybFaJ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'kQSChWu95nE',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '7 Daily Habits to Nurture Your Personal Growth',
+            'description': 'md5:6f233c68341b74dee30c8c121924e827',
+            'uploader': 'TopThink',
+            'uploader_id': '@TopThink',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@TopThink',
+            'channel': 'TopThink',
+            'channel_id': 'UCMlGmHokrQRp-RaNO7aq4Uw',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMlGmHokrQRp-RaNO7aq4Uw',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 705,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kQSChWu95nE/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Howto & Style'],
+            'tags': ['topthink', 'top think', 'personal growth'],
+            'timestamp': 1722711620,
+            'upload_date': '20240803',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
     }, {
-        # NBCSports Embed
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/football_nfl/week-13-preview-redskins-vs-panthers/vi-BBXsCDb',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        # Article with social embed
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/watch-earth-sets-and-rises-behind-moon-in-breathtaking-blue-ghost-video/ar-AA1zKoAc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'AA1zKoAc',
+            'title': 'Watch: Earth sets and rises behind Moon in breathtaking Blue Ghost video',
+            'description': 'md5:0ad51cfa77e42e7f0c46cf98a619dbbf',
+            'uploader': 'India Today',
+            'uploader_id': 'AAyFWG',
+            'tags': 'count:11',
+            'timestamp': 1740485034,
+            'upload_date': '20250225',
+            'release_timestamp': 1740484875,
+            'release_date': '20250225',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1740488561,
+            'modified_date': '20250225',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 1,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id, page_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        locale, display_id, page_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('locale', 'display_id', 'id')
 
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        json_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://assets.msn.com/content/view/v2/Detail/{locale}/{page_id}', page_id)
 
-        entries = []
-        for _, metadata in re.findall(r'data-metadata\s*=\s*(["\'])(?P<data>.+?)\1', webpage):
-            video = self._parse_json(unescapeHTML(metadata), display_id)
-
-            provider_id = video.get('providerId')
-            player_name = video.get('playerName')
-            if player_name and provider_id:
-                entry = None
-                if player_name == 'AOL':
-                    if provider_id.startswith('http'):
-                        provider_id = self._search_regex(
-                            r'https?://delivery\.vidible\.tv/video/redirect/([0-9a-f]{24})',
-                            provider_id, 'vidible id')
-                    entry = self.url_result(
-                        'aol-video:' + provider_id, 'Aol', provider_id)
-                elif player_name == 'Dailymotion':
-                    entry = self.url_result(
-                        'https://www.dailymotion.com/video/' + provider_id,
-                        'Dailymotion', provider_id)
-                elif player_name == 'YouTube':
-                    entry = self.url_result(
-                        provider_id, 'Youtube', provider_id)
-                elif player_name == 'NBCSports':
-                    entry = self.url_result(
-                        'http://vplayer.nbcsports.com/p/BxmELC/nbcsports_embed/select/media/' + provider_id,
-                        'NBCSportsVPlayer', provider_id)
-                if entry:
-                    entries.append(entry)
-                    continue
-
-            video_id = video['uuid']
-            title = video['title']
+        common_metadata = traverse_obj(json_data, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'description': (('abstract', ('body', {clean_html})), {str}, filter, any),
+            'timestamp': ('createdDateTime', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('publishedDateTime', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'modified_timestamp': ('updatedDateTime', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', 'image', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('videoMetadata', 'playTime', {int_or_none}),
+            'tags': ('keywords', ..., {str}),
+            'uploader': ('provider', 'name', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': ('provider', 'id', {str}),
+        })
 
+        page_type = json_data['type']
+        source_url = traverse_obj(json_data, ('sourceHref', {url_or_none}))
+        if page_type == 'video':
+            if traverse_obj(json_data, ('thirdPartyVideoPlayer', 'enabled')) and source_url:
+                return self.url_result(source_url)
             formats = []
-            for file_ in video.get('videoFiles', []):
-                format_url = file_.get('url')
-                if not format_url:
-                    continue
-                if 'format=m3u8-aapl' in format_url:
-                    # m3u8_native should not be used here until
-                    # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/9913 is fixed
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        format_url, display_id, 'mp4',
-                        m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-                elif 'format=mpd-time-csf' in format_url:
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                        format_url, display_id, 'dash', fatal=False))
-                elif '.ism' in format_url:
-                    if format_url.endswith('.ism'):
-                        format_url += '/manifest'
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(
-                        format_url, display_id, 'mss', fatal=False))
-                else:
-                    format_id = file_.get('formatCode')
-                    formats.append({
-                        'url': format_url,
-                        'ext': 'mp4',
-                        'format_id': format_id,
-                        'width': int_or_none(file_.get('width')),
-                        'height': int_or_none(file_.get('height')),
-                        'vbr': int_or_none(self._search_regex(r'_(\d+)\.mp4', format_url, 'vbr', default=None)),
-                        'quality': 1 if format_id == '1001' else None,
-                    })
-
             subtitles = {}
-            for file_ in video.get('files', []):
-                format_url = file_.get('url')
-                format_code = file_.get('formatCode')
-                if not format_url or not format_code:
-                    continue
-                if str(format_code) == '3100':
-                    subtitles.setdefault(file_.get('culture', 'en'), []).append({
-                        'ext': determine_ext(format_url, 'ttml'),
-                        'url': format_url,
-                    })
+            for file in traverse_obj(json_data, ('videoMetadata', 'externalVideoFiles', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+                file_url = file['url']
+                ext = determine_ext(file_url)
+                if ext == 'm3u8':
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        file_url, page_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+                elif ext == 'mpd':
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        file_url, page_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+                else:
+                    formats.append(
+                        traverse_obj(file, {
+                            'url': 'url',
+                            'format_id': ('format', {str}),
+                            'filesize': ('fileSize', {int_or_none}),
+                            'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                            'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                        }))
+            for caption in traverse_obj(json_data, ('videoMetadata', 'closedCaptions', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['href']))):
+                lang = caption.get('locale') or 'en-us'
+                subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append({
+                    'url': caption['href'],
+                    'ext': 'ttml',
+                })
 
-            entries.append({
-                'id': video_id,
+            return {
+                'id': page_id,
                 'display_id': display_id,
-                'title': title,
-                'description': video.get('description'),
-                'thumbnail': video.get('headlineImage', {}).get('url'),
-                'duration': int_or_none(video.get('durationSecs')),
-                'uploader': video.get('sourceFriendly'),
-                'uploader_id': video.get('providerId'),
-                'creator': video.get('creator'),
-                'subtitles': subtitles,
                 'formats': formats,
-            })
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
+                **common_metadata,
+            }
+        elif page_type == 'webcontent':
+            if not source_url:
+                raise ExtractorError('Could not find source URL')
+            return self.url_result(source_url)
+        elif page_type == 'article':
+            entries = []
+            for embed_url in traverse_obj(json_data, ('socialEmbeds', ..., 'postUrl', {url_or_none})):
+                entries.append(self.url_result(embed_url))
 
-        if not entries:
-            error = unescapeHTML(self._search_regex(
-                r'data-error=(["\'])(?P<error>.+?)\1',
-                webpage, 'error', group='error'))
-            raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {error}', expected=True)
+            return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id, **common_metadata)
 
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
+        raise ExtractorError(f'Unsupported page type: {page_type}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py
index bbb327e75..e0e49161b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@
 from ..utils import (
     extract_attributes,
     unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class N1InfoAssetIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -35,9 +37,9 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'N1Info:article'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:\w+\.)?n1info\.\w+|nova\.rs)/(?:[^/?#]+/){1,2}(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        # Youtube embedded
+        # YouTube embedded
         'url': 'https://rs.n1info.com/sport-klub/tenis/kako-je-djokovic-propustio-istorijsku-priliku-video/',
-        'md5': '01ddb6646d0fd9c4c7d990aa77fe1c5a',
+        'md5': '987ce6fd72acfecc453281e066b87973',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'L5Hd4hQVUpk',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -45,7 +47,26 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Ozmo i USO21, ep. 13: Novak Đoković – Danil Medvedev | Ključevi Poraza, Budućnost | SPORT KLUB TENIS',
             'description': 'md5:467f330af1effedd2e290f10dc31bb8e',
             'uploader': 'Sport Klub',
-            'uploader_id': 'sportklub',
+            'uploader_id': '@sportklub',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sportklub',
+            'channel': 'Sport Klub',
+            'channel_id': 'UChpzBje9Ro6CComXe3BgNaw',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChpzBje9Ro6CComXe3BgNaw',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 1049,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/L5Hd4hQVUpk/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'chapters': 'count:9',
+            'categories': ['Sports'],
+            'tags': 'count:10',
+            'timestamp': 1631522787,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rs.n1info.com/vesti/djilas-los-plan-za-metro-nece-resiti-nijedan-saobracajni-problem/',
@@ -55,6 +76,7 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Đilas: Predlog izgradnje metroa besmislen; SNS odbacuje navode',
             'upload_date': '20210924',
             'timestamp': 1632481347,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://n1info.rs/wp-content/themes/ucnewsportal-n1/dist/assets/images/placeholder-image-video.jpg',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -67,6 +89,7 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Zadnji dnevi na kopališču Ilirija: “Ilirija ni umrla, ubili so jo”',
             'timestamp': 1632567630,
             'upload_date': '20210925',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://n1info.si/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/06/1630945843-tomaz3.png',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -81,6 +104,14 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20210924',
             'timestamp': 1632448649.0,
             'uploader': 'YouLotWhatDontStop',
+            'display_id': 'pu9wbx',
+            'channel_id': 'serbia',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 134,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://external-preview.redd.it/5nmmawSeGx60miQM3Iq-ueC9oyCLTLjjqX-qqY8uRsc.png?format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=2f973400b04d23f871b608b178e47fc01f9b8f1d',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -93,6 +124,7 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Žaklina Tatalović Ani Brnabić: Pričate laži (VIDEO)',
             'upload_date': '20211102',
             'timestamp': 1635861677,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://nova.rs/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/02/1635860298-TNJG_Ana_Brnabic_i_Zaklina_Tatalovic_100_dana_Vlade_GP.jpg',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://n1info.rs/vesti/cuta-biti-u-kosovskoj-mitrovici-znaci-da-te-docekaju-eksplozivnim-napravama/',
@@ -104,6 +136,16 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1687290536,
             'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.brid.tv/live/partners/26827/snapshot/1332368_th_6492013a8356f_1687290170.jpg',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://n1info.rs/vesti/vuciceva-turneja-po-srbiji-najavljuje-kontrarevoluciju-preti-svom-narodu-vredja-novinare/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2025974',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Vučićeva turneja po Srbiji: Najavljuje kontrarevoluciju, preti svom narodu, vređa novinare',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-uc.brid.tv/live/partners/26827/snapshot/2025974_fhd_67c4a23280a81_1740939826.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1740939936,
+            'upload_date': '20250302',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://hr.n1info.com/vijesti/pravobraniteljica-o-ubojstvu-u-zagrebu-radi-se-o-doista-nezapamcenoj-situaciji/',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -115,11 +157,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1[^>]+>(.+?)</h1>', webpage, 'title')
         timestamp = unified_timestamp(self._html_search_meta('article:published_time', webpage))
-        plugin_data = self._html_search_meta('BridPlugin', webpage)
+        plugin_data = re.findall(r'\$bp\("(?:Brid|TargetVideo)_\d+",\s(.+)\);', webpage)
         entries = []
         if plugin_data:
             site_id = self._html_search_regex(r'site:(\d+)', webpage, 'site id')
-            for video_data in re.findall(r'\$bp\("Brid_\d+", (.+)\);', webpage):
+            for video_data in plugin_data:
                 video_id = self._parse_json(video_data, title)['video']
                 entries.append({
                     'id': video_id,
@@ -140,7 +182,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'url': video_data.get('data-url'),
                     'id': video_data.get('id'),
                     'title': title,
-                    'thumbnail': video_data.get('data-thumbnail'),
+                    'thumbnail': traverse_obj(video_data, (('data-thumbnail', 'data-default_thumbnail'), {url_or_none}, any)),
                     'timestamp': timestamp,
                     'ie_key': 'N1InfoAsset',
                 })
@@ -152,7 +194,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             if url.startswith('https://www.youtube.com'):
                 entries.append(self.url_result(url, ie='Youtube'))
             elif url.startswith('https://www.redditmedia.com'):
-                entries.append(self.url_result(url, ie='RedditR'))
+                entries.append(self.url_result(url, ie='Reddit'))
 
         return {
             '_type': 'playlist',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py
index a9f7f4607..fa7b56ca7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/naver.py
@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ def extract_formats(streams, stream_type, query={}):
                     'abr': int_or_none(bitrate.get('audio')),
                     'filesize': int_or_none(stream.get('size')),
                     'protocol': 'm3u8_native' if stream_type == 'HLS' else None,
+                    'extra_param_to_segment_url': urllib.parse.urlencode(query, doseq=True) if stream_type == 'HLS' else None,
                 })
 
         extract_formats(get_list('video'), 'H264')
@@ -168,6 +169,26 @@ class NaverIE(NaverBaseIE):
             'duration': 277,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tv.naver.com/v/67838091',
+        'md5': '126ea384ab033bca59672c12cca7a6be',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '67838091',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '[라인W 날씨] 내일 아침 서울 체감 -19도…호남·충남 대설',
+            'description': 'md5:fe026e25634c85845698aed4b59db5a7',
+            'timestamp': 1736347853,
+            'upload_date': '20250108',
+            'uploader': 'KBS뉴스',
+            'uploader_id': 'kbsnews',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://tv.naver.com/kbsnews',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'duration': 69,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+        },
+        'params': {'format': 'HLS_144P'},
     }, {
         'url': 'http://tvcast.naver.com/v/81652',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
index 8f6fb22b1..d9aded09e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
 
         nbc_data = self._search_json(
-            r'<script>\s*var\s+nbc\s*=', webpage, 'NBC JSON data', video_id)
+            r'(?:<script>\s*var\s+nbc\s*=|Object\.assign\(nbc,)', webpage, 'NBC JSON data', video_id)
         pdk_acct = nbc_data.get('pdkAcct') or 'Yh1nAC'
         fw_ssid = traverse_obj(nbc_data, ('video', 'fwSSID'))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
index cb8f6a67d..42ef25f17 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nebula.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def _extract_formats(self, content_id, slug):
 
     def _extract_video_metadata(self, episode):
         channel_url = traverse_obj(
-            episode, (('channel_slug', 'class_slug'), {lambda x: urljoin('https://nebula.tv/', x)}), get_all=False)
+            episode, (('channel_slug', 'class_slug'), {urljoin('https://nebula.tv/')}), get_all=False)
         return {
             'id': episode['id'].partition(':')[2],
             **traverse_obj(episode, {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
index 537158e87..7168a2080 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nekohacker.py
@@ -6,12 +6,10 @@
     determine_ext,
     extract_attributes,
     get_element_by_class,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     parse_duration,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -35,7 +33,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'Spaceship',
                     'track_number': 1,
                     'duration': 195.0,
@@ -53,7 +51,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'City Runner',
                     'track_number': 2,
                     'duration': 148.0,
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'Nature Talk',
                     'track_number': 3,
                     'duration': 174.0,
@@ -89,7 +87,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20221101',
                     'album': 'Nekoverse',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'Crystal World',
                     'track_number': 4,
                     'duration': 199.0,
@@ -115,7 +113,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'md5:1a5fcbc96ca3c3265b1c6f9f79f30fd0',
                     'track_number': 1,
                 },
@@ -132,7 +130,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'むじな de なじむ feat. 六科なじむ (CV: 日高里菜 )',
                     'track_number': 2,
                 },
@@ -149,7 +147,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': '進め！むじなカンパニー (instrumental)',
                     'track_number': 3,
                 },
@@ -166,7 +164,7 @@ class NekoHackerIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'acodec': 'mp3',
                     'release_date': '20210115',
                     'album': '進め！むじなカンパニー',
-                    'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                    'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                     'track': 'むじな de なじむ (instrumental)',
                     'track_number': 4,
                 },
@@ -181,14 +179,17 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         playlist = get_element_by_class('playlist', webpage)
 
         if not playlist:
-            iframe = try_call(lambda: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('iframe', webpage)[1]) or ''
-            iframe_src = url_or_none(extract_attributes(iframe).get('src'))
+            iframe_src = traverse_obj(webpage, (
+                {find_element(tag='iframe', html=True)}, {extract_attributes}, 'src', {url_or_none}))
             if not iframe_src:
                 raise ExtractorError('No playlist or embed found in webpage')
             elif re.match(r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?spotify\.com/', iframe_src):
                 raise ExtractorError('Spotify embeds are not supported', expected=True)
             return self.url_result(url, 'Generic')
 
+        player_params = self._search_json(
+            r'var srp_player_params_[\da-f]+\s*=', webpage, 'player params', playlist_id, default={})
+
         entries = []
         for track_number, track in enumerate(re.findall(r'(<li[^>]+data-audiopath[^>]+>)', playlist), 1):
             entry = traverse_obj(extract_attributes(track), {
@@ -200,12 +201,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'album': 'data-albumtitle',
                 'duration': ('data-tracktime', {parse_duration}),
                 'release_date': ('data-releasedate', {lambda x: re.match(r'\d{8}', x.replace('.', ''))}, 0),
-                'thumbnail': ('data-albumart', {url_or_none}),
             })
             entries.append({
                 **entry,
+                'thumbnail': url_or_none(player_params.get('artwork')),
                 'track_number': track_number,
-                'artist': 'Neko Hacker',
+                'artists': ['Neko Hacker'],
                 'vcodec': 'none',
                 'acodec': 'mp3' if entry['ext'] == 'mp3' else None,
             })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nest.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nest.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3f8316b3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import ExtractorError, float_or_none, update_url_query, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class NestIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.nest\.com/(?:embedded/)?live/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe [^>]*\bsrc=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL})']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.nest.com/embedded/live/4fvYdSo8AX?autoplay=0',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4fvYdSo8AX',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'startswith:Outside ',
+            'alt_title': 'Outside',
+            'description': '<null>',
+            'location': 'Los Angeles',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            # m3u8 download
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.nest.com/live/4fvYdSo8AX',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.pacificblue.biz/noyo-harbor-webcam/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4fvYdSo8AX',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'startswith:Outside ',
+            'alt_title': 'Outside',
+            'description': '<null>',
+            'location': 'Los Angeles',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            # m3u8 download
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        item = self._download_json(
+            'https://video.nest.com/api/dropcam/cameras.get_by_public_token',
+            video_id, query={'token': video_id})['items'][0]
+        uuid = item.get('uuid')
+        stream_domain = item.get('live_stream_host')
+        if not stream_domain or not uuid:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to construct playlist URL')
+
+        thumb_domain = item.get('nexus_api_nest_domain_host')
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(item, {
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'title': (('title', 'name', 'where'), {str}, filter, any),
+                'alt_title': ('name', {str}),
+                'location': ((('timezone', {lambda x: x.split('/')[1].replace('_', ' ')}), 'where'), {str}, filter, any),
+            }),
+            'thumbnail': update_url_query(
+                f'https://{thumb_domain}/get_image',
+                {'uuid': uuid, 'public': video_id}) if thumb_domain else None,
+            'availability': self._availability(is_private=item.get('is_public') is False),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                f'https://{stream_domain}/nexus_aac/{uuid}/playlist.m3u8',
+                video_id, 'mp4', live=True, query={'public': video_id}),
+            'is_live': True,
+        }
+
+
+class NestClipIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.nest\.com/(?:embedded/)?clip/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe [^>]*\bsrc=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL})']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://video.nest.com/clip/f34c9dd237a44eca9a0001af685e3dff',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'f34c9dd237a44eca9a0001af685e3dff',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'NestClip video #f34c9dd237a44eca9a0001af685e3dff',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://clips.dropcam.com/f34c9dd237a44eca9a0001af685e3dff.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1735413474.468,
+            'upload_date': '20241228',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://video.nest.com/embedded/clip/34e0432adc3c46a98529443d8ad5aa76',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '34e0432adc3c46a98529443d8ad5aa76',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Shootout at Veterans Boulevard at Fleur De Lis Drive',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://clips.dropcam.com/34e0432adc3c46a98529443d8ad5aa76.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20230817',
+            'timestamp': 1692262897.191,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data = self._download_json(
+            'https://video.nest.com/api/dropcam/videos.get_by_filename', video_id,
+            query={'filename': f'{video_id}.mp4'})
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            **traverse_obj(data, ('items', 0, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail_url', {url_or_none}),
+                'url': ('download_url', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('start_time', {float_or_none}),
+            })),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
index a759da214..900b8b2a3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/neteasemusic.py
@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ class NetEaseMusicBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_BASE = 'http://music.163.com/api/'
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def _kilo_or_none(value):
-        return int_or_none(value, scale=1000)
-
     def _create_eapi_cipher(self, api_path, query_body, cookies):
         request_text = json.dumps({**query_body, 'header': cookies}, separators=(',', ':'))
 
@@ -101,7 +97,7 @@ def _extract_formats(self, info):
                 'vcodec': 'none',
                 **traverse_obj(song, {
                     'ext': ('type', {str}),
-                    'abr': ('br', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                    'abr': ('br', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
                 }),
             })
@@ -282,9 +278,9 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             **lyric_data,
             **traverse_obj(info, {
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
-                'timestamp': ('album', 'publishTime', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('album', 'publishTime', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('album', 'picUrl', {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'album': ('album', 'name', {str}),
                 'average_rating': ('score', {int_or_none}),
             }),
@@ -440,7 +436,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
             'uploader': ('creator', 'nickname', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('creator', 'userId', {str_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('updateTime', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('updateTime', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
         }))
         if traverse_obj(info, ('playlist', 'specialType')) == 10:
             metainfo['title'] = f'{metainfo.get("title")} {strftime_or_none(metainfo.get("timestamp"), "%Y-%m-%d")}'
@@ -517,10 +513,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'creators': traverse_obj(info, ('artists', ..., 'name')) or [info.get('artistName')],
             **traverse_obj(info, {
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
-                'description': (('desc', 'briefDesc'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': (('desc', 'briefDesc'), {str}, filter),
                 'upload_date': ('publishTime', {unified_strdate}),
                 'thumbnail': ('cover', {url_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'view_count': ('playCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'like_count': ('likeCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
@@ -588,7 +584,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'description': ('description', {str}),
             'creator': ('dj', 'brand', {str}),
             'thumbnail': ('coverUrl', {url_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('createTime', {self._kilo_or_none}),
+            'timestamp': ('createTime', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
         })
 
         if not self._yes_playlist(
@@ -598,7 +594,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             return {
                 'id': str(info['mainSong']['id']),
                 'formats': formats,
-                'duration': traverse_obj(info, ('mainSong', 'duration', {self._kilo_or_none})),
+                'duration': traverse_obj(info, ('mainSong', 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)})),
                 **metainfo,
             }
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nexx.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nexx.py
index cd32892fa..ee1bc281c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nexx.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nexx.py
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@ def find_video(result):
         # not all videos work via arc, e.g. nexx:741:1269984
         if not video:
             # Reverse engineered from JS code (see getDeviceID function)
-            device_id = f'{random.randint(1, 4)}:{int(time.time())}:{random.randint(1e4, 99999)}{random.randint(1, 9)}'
+            device_id = f'{random.randint(1, 4)}:{int(time.time())}:{random.randint(10000, 99999)}{random.randint(1, 9)}'
 
             result = self._call_api(domain_id, 'session/init', video_id, data={
                 'nxp_devh': device_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
index c537c1c47..59213a44b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nfl.py
@@ -11,9 +11,12 @@
     clean_html,
     determine_ext,
     get_element_by_class,
-    traverse_obj,
+    int_or_none,
+    make_archive_id,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -75,22 +78,15 @@ class NFLBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
             'osVersion': '10.0',
         }, separators=(',', ':')).encode()).decode(),
         'networkType': 'other',
-        'nflClaimGroupsToAdd': [],
-        'nflClaimGroupsToRemove': [],
+        'peacockUUID': 'undefined',
     }
     _ACCOUNT_INFO = {}
-    _API_KEY = None
+    _API_KEY = '3_Qa8TkWpIB8ESCBT8tY2TukbVKgO5F6BJVc7N1oComdwFzI7H2L9NOWdm11i_BY9f'
 
     _TOKEN = None
     _TOKEN_EXPIRY = 0
 
-    def _get_account_info(self, url, slug):
-        if not self._API_KEY:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, slug, fatal=False) or ''
-            self._API_KEY = self._search_regex(
-                r'window\.gigyaApiKey\s*=\s*["\'](\w+)["\'];', webpage, 'API key',
-                fatal=False) or '3_Qa8TkWpIB8ESCBT8tY2TukbVKgO5F6BJVc7N1oComdwFzI7H2L9NOWdm11i_BY9f'
-
+    def _get_account_info(self):
         cookies = self._get_cookies('https://auth-id.nfl.com/')
         login_token = traverse_obj(cookies, (
             (f'glt_{self._API_KEY}', lambda k, _: k.startswith('glt_')), {lambda x: x.value}), get_all=False)
@@ -103,7 +99,7 @@ def _get_account_info(self, url, slug):
                 'or else try using --cookies-from-browser instead', expected=True)
 
         account = self._download_json(
-            'https://auth-id.nfl.com/accounts.getAccountInfo', slug,
+            'https://auth-id.nfl.com/accounts.getAccountInfo', None,
             note='Downloading account info', data=urlencode_postdata({
                 'include': 'profile,data',
                 'lang': 'en',
@@ -111,7 +107,7 @@ def _get_account_info(self, url, slug):
                 'sdk': 'js_latest',
                 'login_token': login_token,
                 'authMode': 'cookie',
-                'pageURL': url,
+                'pageURL': 'https://www.nfl.com/',
                 'sdkBuild': traverse_obj(cookies, (
                     'gig_canary_ver', {lambda x: x.value.partition('-')[0]}), default='15170'),
                 'format': 'json',
@@ -126,55 +122,78 @@ def _get_account_info(self, url, slug):
         if len(self._ACCOUNT_INFO) != 3:
             raise ExtractorError('Failed to retrieve account info with provided cookies', expected=True)
 
-    def _get_auth_token(self, url, slug):
+    def _get_auth_token(self):
         if self._TOKEN and self._TOKEN_EXPIRY > int(time.time() + 30):
             return
 
-        if not self._ACCOUNT_INFO:
-            self._get_account_info(url, slug)
-
         token = self._download_json(
             'https://api.nfl.com/identity/v3/token%s' % (
                 '/refresh' if self._ACCOUNT_INFO.get('refreshToken') else ''),
-            slug, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, note='Downloading access token',
+            None, headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'}, note='Downloading access token',
             data=json.dumps({**self._CLIENT_DATA, **self._ACCOUNT_INFO}, separators=(',', ':')).encode())
 
         self._TOKEN = token['accessToken']
         self._TOKEN_EXPIRY = token['expiresIn']
         self._ACCOUNT_INFO['refreshToken'] = token['refreshToken']
 
+    def _extract_video(self, mcp_id, is_live=False):
+        self._get_auth_token()
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.nfl.com/play/v1/asset/{mcp_id}', mcp_id, headers={
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}',
+                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            }, data=json.dumps({'init': True, 'live': is_live}, separators=(',', ':')).encode())
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+            data['accessUrl'], mcp_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+
+        return {
+            'id': mcp_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'is_live': is_live,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id(AnvatoIE, mcp_id)],
+            **traverse_obj(data, ('metadata', {
+                'title': ('event', ('def_title', 'friendlyName'), {str}, any),
+                'description': ('event', 'def_description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('event', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnails': ('thumbnails', ..., 'url', {'url': {url_or_none}}),
+            })),
+        }
+
     def _parse_video_config(self, video_config, display_id):
         video_config = self._parse_json(video_config, display_id)
+        is_live = traverse_obj(video_config, ('live', {bool})) or False
         item = video_config['playlist'][0]
-        mcp_id = item.get('mcpID')
-        if mcp_id:
-            info = self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{mcp_id}', AnvatoIE, mcp_id)
+        if mcp_id := item.get('mcpID'):
+            return self._extract_video(mcp_id, is_live=is_live)
+
+        info = {'id': item.get('id') or item['entityId']}
+
+        item_url = item['url']
+        ext = determine_ext(item_url)
+        if ext == 'm3u8':
+            info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(item_url, info['id'], 'mp4')
         else:
-            media_id = item.get('id') or item['entityId']
-            title = item.get('title')
-            item_url = item['url']
-            info = {'id': media_id}
-            ext = determine_ext(item_url)
-            if ext == 'm3u8':
-                info['formats'] = self._extract_m3u8_formats(item_url, media_id, 'mp4')
-            else:
-                info['url'] = item_url
-                if item.get('audio') is True:
-                    info['vcodec'] = 'none'
-            is_live = video_config.get('live') is True
-            thumbnails = None
-            image_url = item.get(item.get('imageSrc')) or item.get(item.get('posterImage'))
-            if image_url:
-                thumbnails = [{
-                    'url': image_url,
-                    'ext': determine_ext(image_url, 'jpg'),
-                }]
-            info.update({
-                'title': title,
-                'is_live': is_live,
-                'description': clean_html(item.get('description')),
-                'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            })
+            info['url'] = item_url
+            if item.get('audio') is True:
+                info['vcodec'] = 'none'
+
+        thumbnails = None
+        if image_url := traverse_obj(item, 'imageSrc', 'posterImage', expected_type=url_or_none):
+            thumbnails = [{
+                'url': image_url,
+                'ext': determine_ext(image_url, 'jpg'),
+            }]
+
+        info.update({
+            **traverse_obj(item, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+            }),
+            'is_live': is_live,
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+        })
         return info
 
 
@@ -188,24 +207,20 @@ class NFLIE(NFLBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': "Baker Mayfield's game-changing plays from 3-TD game Week 14",
             'description': 'md5:85e05a3cc163f8c344340f220521136d',
-            'upload_date': '20201215',
-            'timestamp': 1608009755,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'uploader': 'NFL',
-            'tags': 'count:6',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 157,
-            'categories': 'count:3',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['anvato 899441'],
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.chiefs.com/listen/patrick-mahomes-travis-kelce-react-to-win-over-dolphins-the-breakdown',
-        'md5': '6886b32c24b463038c760ceb55a34566',
+        'md5': '92a517f05bd3eb50fe50244bc621aec8',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'd87e8790-3e14-11eb-8ceb-ff05c2867f99',
+            'id': '8b7c3625-a461-4751-8db4-85f536f2bbd0',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'Patrick Mahomes, Travis Kelce React to Win Over Dolphins | The Breakdown',
             'description': 'md5:12ada8ee70e6762658c30e223e095075',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.clubs.nfl.com/image/private/t_editorial_landscape_12_desktop/v1571153441/chiefs/rfljejccnyhhkpkfq855',
         },
-        'skip': 'HTTP Error 404: Not Found',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.buffalobills.com/video/buffalo-bills-military-recognition-week-14',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -236,13 +251,16 @@ class NFLArticleIE(NFLBaseIE):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        entries = []
-        for video_config in re.findall(self._VIDEO_CONFIG_REGEX, webpage):
-            entries.append(self._parse_video_config(video_config, display_id))
+
+        def entries():
+            for video_config in re.findall(self._VIDEO_CONFIG_REGEX, webpage):
+                yield self._parse_video_config(video_config, display_id)
+
         title = clean_html(get_element_by_class(
             'nfl-c-article__title', webpage)) or self._html_search_meta(
             ['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage)
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, display_id, title)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries(), display_id, title)
 
 
 class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
@@ -307,6 +325,9 @@ class NFLPlusReplayIE(NFLBaseIE):
         'all_22': 'All-22',
     }
 
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._get_account_info()
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
         requested_types = self._configuration_arg('type', ['all'])
@@ -315,7 +336,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         requested_types = traverse_obj(self._REPLAY_TYPES, (None, requested_types))
 
         if not video_id:
-            self._get_auth_token(url, slug)
+            self._get_auth_token()
             headers = {'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}'}
             game_id = self._download_json(
                 f'https://api.nfl.com/football/v2/games/externalId/slug/{slug}', slug,
@@ -328,14 +349,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'items', lambda _, v: v['subType'] == requested_types[0], 'mcpPlaybackId'), get_all=False)
 
         if video_id:
-            return self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+            return self._extract_video(video_id)
 
         def entries():
             for replay in traverse_obj(
                 replays, ('items', lambda _, v: v['mcpPlaybackId'] and v['subType'] in requested_types),
             ):
-                video_id = replay['mcpPlaybackId']
-                yield self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+                yield self._extract_video(replay['mcpPlaybackId'])
 
         return self.playlist_result(entries(), slug)
 
@@ -362,12 +382,15 @@ class NFLPlusEpisodeIE(NFLBaseIE):
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
 
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._get_account_info()
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         slug = self._match_id(url)
-        self._get_auth_token(url, slug)
+        self._get_auth_token()
         video_id = self._download_json(
             f'https://api.nfl.com/content/v1/videos/episodes/{slug}', slug, headers={
                 'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._TOKEN}',
             })['mcpPlaybackId']
 
-        return self.url_result(f'{self._ANVATO_PREFIX}{video_id}', AnvatoIE, video_id)
+        return self._extract_video(video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
index 179e7a9b1..62dd0ab9c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@
     ExtractorError,
     OnDemandPagedList,
     clean_html,
+    determine_ext,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_duration,
     parse_iso8601,
+    parse_qs,
     parse_resolution,
     qualities,
     remove_start,
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
     update_url_query,
+    url_basename,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
@@ -371,11 +374,11 @@ def _extract_format_for_quality(self, video_id, audio_quality, video_quality, dm
             'acodec': 'aac',
             'vcodec': 'h264',
             **traverse_obj(audio_quality, ('metadata', {
-                'abr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'abr': ('bitrate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'asr': ('samplingRate', {int_or_none}),
             })),
             **traverse_obj(video_quality, ('metadata', {
-                'vbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'vbr': ('bitrate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'height': ('resolution', 'height', {int_or_none}),
                 'width': ('resolution', 'width', {int_or_none}),
             })),
@@ -420,7 +423,7 @@ def _yield_dms_formats(self, api_data, video_id):
                 'x-request-with': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp',
             })['data']['contentUrl']
         # Getting all audio formats results in duplicate video formats which we filter out later
-        dms_fmts = self._extract_m3u8_formats(dms_m3u8_url, video_id)
+        dms_fmts = self._extract_m3u8_formats(dms_m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4')
 
         # m3u8 extraction does not provide audio bitrates, so extract from the API data and fix
         for audio_fmt in traverse_obj(dms_fmts, lambda _, v: v['vcodec'] == 'none'):
@@ -428,11 +431,11 @@ def _yield_dms_formats(self, api_data, video_id):
                 **audio_fmt,
                 **traverse_obj(audios, (lambda _, v: audio_fmt['format_id'].startswith(v['id']), {
                     'format_id': ('id', {str}),
-                    'abr': ('bitRate', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    'abr': ('bitRate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     'asr': ('samplingRate', {int_or_none}),
+                    'quality': ('qualityLevel', {int_or_none}),
                 }), get_all=False),
                 'acodec': 'aac',
-                'ext': 'm4a',
             }
 
         # Sort before removing dupes to keep the format dicts with the lowest tbr
@@ -442,7 +445,9 @@ def _yield_dms_formats(self, api_data, video_id):
         min_abr = min(traverse_obj(audios, (..., 'bitRate', {float_or_none})), default=0) / 1000
         for video_fmt in video_fmts:
             video_fmt['tbr'] -= min_abr
-            video_fmt['format_id'] = f'video-{video_fmt["tbr"]:.0f}'
+            video_fmt['format_id'] = url_basename(video_fmt['url']).rpartition('.')[0]
+            video_fmt['quality'] = traverse_obj(videos, (
+                lambda _, v: v['id'] == video_fmt['format_id'], 'qualityLevel', {int_or_none}, any)) or -1
             yield video_fmt
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -593,8 +598,8 @@ def _call_api(self, list_id, resource, query):
     @staticmethod
     def _parse_owner(item):
         return {
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(item, ('owner', 'name')),
-            'uploader_id': traverse_obj(item, ('owner', 'id')),
+            'uploader': traverse_obj(item, ('owner', ('name', ('user', 'nickname')), {str}, any)),
+            'uploader_id': traverse_obj(item, ('owner', 'id', {str})),
         }
 
     def _fetch_page(self, list_id, page):
@@ -667,7 +672,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             mylist.get('name'), mylist.get('description'), **self._parse_owner(mylist))
 
 
-class NiconicoSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
+class NiconicoSeriesIE(NiconicoPlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'niconico:series'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www\.|sp\.)?nicovideo\.jp(?:/user/\d+)?|nico\.ms)/series/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
@@ -676,6 +681,9 @@ class NiconicoSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '110226',
             'title': 'ご立派ァ！のシリーズ',
+            'description': '楽しそうな外人の吹き替えをさせたら終身名誉ホモガキの右に出る人はいませんね…',
+            'uploader': 'アルファるふぁ',
+            'uploader_id': '44113208',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 10,
     }, {
@@ -683,6 +691,9 @@ class NiconicoSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '12312',
             'title': 'バトルスピリッツ　お勧めカード紹介(調整中)',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': '野鳥',
+            'uploader_id': '2275360',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 103,
     }, {
@@ -690,19 +701,21 @@ class NiconicoSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    def _call_api(self, list_id, resource, query):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://nvapi.nicovideo.jp/v2/series/{list_id}', list_id,
+            f'Downloading {resource}', query=query,
+            headers=self._API_HEADERS)['data']
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         list_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, list_id)
+        series = self._call_api(list_id, 'list', {
+            'pageSize': 1,
+        })['detail']
 
-        title = self._search_regex(
-            (r'<title>「(.+)（全',
-             r'<div class="TwitterShareButton"\s+data-text="(.+)\s+https:'),
-            webpage, 'title', fatal=False)
-        if title:
-            title = unescapeHTML(title)
-        json_data = next(self._yield_json_ld(webpage, None, fatal=False))
-        return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            traverse_obj(json_data, ('itemListElement', ..., 'url')), list_id, title, ie=NiconicoIE)
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(list_id), list_id,
+            series.get('title'), series.get('description'), **self._parse_owner(series))
 
 
 class NiconicoHistoryIE(NiconicoPlaylistBaseIE):
@@ -870,7 +883,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class NiconicoUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nicovideo\.jp/user/(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?nicovideo\.jp/user/(?P<id>\d+)(?:/video)?/?(?:$|[#?])'
     _TEST = {
         'url': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/user/419948',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -878,7 +891,7 @@ class NiconicoUserIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 101,
     }
-    _API_URL = 'https://nvapi.nicovideo.jp/v1/users/%s/videos?sortKey=registeredAt&sortOrder=desc&pageSize=%s&page=%s'
+    _API_URL = 'https://nvapi.nicovideo.jp/v2/users/%s/videos?sortKey=registeredAt&sortOrder=desc&pageSize=%s&page=%s'
     _PAGE_SIZE = 100
 
     _API_HEADERS = {
@@ -898,12 +911,13 @@ def _entries(self, list_id):
                 total_count = int_or_none(json_parsed['data'].get('totalCount'))
             for entry in json_parsed['data']['items']:
                 count += 1
-                yield self.url_result('https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/{}'.format(entry['id']))
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    f'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/{entry["essential"]["id"]}', ie=NiconicoIE)
             page_num += 1
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         list_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(list_id), list_id, ie=NiconicoIE.ie_key())
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(list_id), list_id)
 
 
 class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -1025,6 +1039,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 thumbnails.append({
                     'id': f'{name}_{width}x{height}',
                     'url': img_url,
+                    'ext': traverse_obj(parse_qs(img_url), ('image', 0, {determine_ext(default_ext='jpg')})),
                     **res,
                 })
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ninenow.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ninenow.py
index f17531e62..7b0cb77a7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ninenow.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ninenow.py
@@ -1,34 +1,46 @@
+import json
+import re
+
+from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
-    smuggle_url,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_resolution,
     str_or_none,
-    try_get,
-    unified_strdate,
-    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj, value
 
 
 class NineNowIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = '9now.com.au'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?9now\.com\.au/(?:[^/]+/){2}(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
-    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['AU']
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?9now\.com\.au/(?:[^/?#]+/){2}(?P<id>(?P<type>clip|episode)-[^/?#]+)'
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _TESTS = [{
         # clip
-        'url': 'https://www.9now.com.au/afl-footy-show/2016/clip-ciql02091000g0hp5oktrnytc',
-        'md5': '17cf47d63ec9323e562c9957a968b565',
+        'url': 'https://www.9now.com.au/today/season-2025/clip-cm8hw9h5z00080hquqa5hszq7',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '16801',
+            'id': '6370295582112',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'St. Kilda\'s Joey Montagna on the potential for a player\'s strike',
-            'description': 'Is a boycott of the NAB Cup "on the table"?',
+            'title': 'Would Karl Stefanovic be able to land a plane?',
+            'description': 'The Today host\'s skills are put to the test with the latest simulation tech.',
             'uploader_id': '4460760524001',
-            'upload_date': '20160713',
-            'timestamp': 1468421266,
+            'duration': 197.376,
+            'tags': ['flights', 'technology', 'Karl Stefanovic'],
+            'season': 'Season 2025',
+            'season_number': 2025,
+            'series': 'TODAY',
+            'timestamp': 1742507988,
+            'upload_date': '20250320',
+            'release_timestamp': 1742507983,
+            'release_date': '20250320',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1920x0/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'HLS/DASH fragments and mp4 URLs are geo-restricted; only available in AU',
         },
-        'skip': 'Only available in Australia',
     }, {
         # episode
         'url': 'https://www.9now.com.au/afl-footy-show/2016/episode-19',
@@ -41,7 +53,7 @@ class NineNowIE(InfoExtractor):
         # episode of series
         'url': 'https://www.9now.com.au/lego-masters/season-3/episode-3',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6249614030001',
+            'id': '6308830406112',
             'title': 'Episode 3',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'season_number': 3,
@@ -50,72 +62,87 @@ class NineNowIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': '4460760524001',
             'timestamp': 1619002200,
             'upload_date': '20210421',
+            'duration': 3574.085,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1920x0/.+\.jpg',
+            'tags': ['episode'],
+            'series': 'Lego Masters',
+            'season': 'Season 3',
+            'episode': 'Episode 3',
+            'release_timestamp': 1619002200,
+            'release_date': '20210421',
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks'],
         'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
+            'skip_download': 'HLS/DASH fragments and mp4 URLs are geo-restricted; only available in AU',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.9now.com.au/married-at-first-sight/season-12/episode-1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '6367798770112',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Episode 1',
+            'description': r're:The cultural sensation of Married At First Sight returns with our first weddings! .{90}$',
+            'uploader_id': '4460760524001',
+            'duration': 5415.079,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1920x0/.+\.png',
+            'tags': ['episode'],
+            'season': 'Season 12',
+            'season_number': 12,
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'series': 'Married at First Sight',
+            'timestamp': 1737973800,
+            'upload_date': '20250127',
+            'release_timestamp': 1737973800,
+            'release_date': '20250127',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'HLS/DASH fragments and mp4 URLs are geo-restricted; only available in AU',
         },
     }]
-    BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://players.brightcove.net/4460760524001/default_default/index.html?videoId=%s'
+    BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://players.brightcove.net/4460760524001/default_default/index.html?videoId={}'
+
+    # XXX: For parsing next.js v15+ data; see also yt_dlp.extractor.francetv and yt_dlp.extractor.goplay
+    def _find_json(self, s):
+        return self._search_json(
+            r'\w+\s*:\s*', s, 'next js data', None, contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', default=None)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        display_id, video_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'type')
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        page_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.__data\s*=\s*({.*?});', webpage,
-            'page data', default='{}'), display_id, fatal=False)
-        if not page_data:
-            page_data = self._parse_json(self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-                r'window\.__data\s*=\s*JSON\.parse\s*\(\s*(".+?")\s*\)\s*;',
-                webpage, 'page data'), display_id), display_id)
 
-        for kind in ('episode', 'clip'):
-            current_key = page_data.get(kind, {}).get(
-                f'current{kind.capitalize()}Key')
-            if not current_key:
-                continue
-            cache = page_data.get(kind, {}).get(f'{kind}Cache', {})
-            if not cache:
-                continue
-            common_data = {
-                'episode': (cache.get(current_key) or next(iter(cache.values())))[kind],
-                'season': (cache.get(current_key) or next(iter(cache.values()))).get('season', None),
-            }
-            break
-        else:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find video data')
+        common_data = traverse_obj(
+            re.findall(r'<script[^>]*>\s*self\.__next_f\.push\(\s*(\[.+?\])\s*\);?\s*</script>', webpage),
+            (..., {json.loads}, ..., {self._find_json},
+             lambda _, v: v['payload'][video_type]['slug'] == display_id,
+             'payload', any, {require('video data')}))
 
-        if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['video']['drm'], bool):
+        if traverse_obj(common_data, (video_type, 'video', 'drm', {bool})):
             self.report_drm(display_id)
-        brightcove_id = try_get(
-            common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['video']['brightcoveId'], str) or 'ref:{}'.format(common_data['episode']['video']['referenceId'])
-        video_id = str_or_none(try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['video']['id'])) or brightcove_id
-
-        title = try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['name'], str)
-        season_number = try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['season']['seasonNumber'], int)
-        episode_number = try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['episodeNumber'], int)
-        timestamp = unified_timestamp(try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['airDate'], str))
-        release_date = unified_strdate(try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['availability'], str))
-        thumbnails_data = try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['image']['sizes'], dict) or {}
-        thumbnails = [{
-            'id': thumbnail_id,
-            'url': thumbnail_url,
-            'width': int_or_none(thumbnail_id[1:]),
-        } for thumbnail_id, thumbnail_url in thumbnails_data.items()]
+        brightcove_id = traverse_obj(common_data, (
+            video_type, 'video', (
+                ('brightcoveId', {str}),
+                ('referenceId', {str}, {lambda x: f'ref:{x}' if x else None}),
+            ), any, {require('brightcove ID')}))
 
         return {
             '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'url': smuggle_url(
-                self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % brightcove_id,
-                {'geo_countries': self._GEO_COUNTRIES}),
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['description'], str),
-            'duration': float_or_none(try_get(common_data, lambda x: x['episode']['video']['duration'], float), 1000),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'ie_key': 'BrightcoveNew',
-            'season_number': season_number,
-            'episode_number': episode_number,
-            'timestamp': timestamp,
-            'release_date': release_date,
+            'ie_key': BrightcoveNewIE.ie_key(),
+            'url': self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE.format(brightcove_id),
+            **traverse_obj(common_data, {
+                'id': (video_type, 'video', 'id', {int}, ({str_or_none}, {value(brightcove_id)}), any),
+                'title': (video_type, 'name', {str}),
+                'description': (video_type, 'description', {str}),
+                'duration': (video_type, 'video', 'duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'tags': (video_type, 'tags', ..., 'name', {str}, all, filter),
+                'series': ('tvSeries', 'name', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('season', 'seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', 'episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('episode', 'airDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'release_timestamp': (video_type, 'availability', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'thumbnails': (video_type, 'image', 'sizes', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]), {
+                    'id': 0,
+                    'url': 1,
+                    'width': (1, {parse_resolution}, 'width'),
+                }),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py
index 6414f46ef..4a73e4779 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/noodlemagazine.py
@@ -43,14 +43,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         def build_url(url_or_path):
             return urljoin('https://adult.noodlemagazine.com', url_or_path)
 
-        headers = {'Referer': url}
-        player_path = self._html_search_regex(
-            r'<iframe[^>]+\bid="iplayer"[^>]+\bsrc="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'player path')
-        player_iframe = self._download_webpage(
-            build_url(player_path), video_id, 'Downloading iframe page', headers=headers)
-        playlist_url = self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.playlistUrl\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)["\']', player_iframe, 'playlist url')
-        playlist_info = self._download_json(build_url(playlist_url), video_id, headers=headers)
+        playlist_info = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.playlist\s*=', webpage, video_id, 'playlist info')
 
         formats = []
         for source in traverse_obj(playlist_info, ('sources', lambda _, v: v['file'])):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nrk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nrk.py
index 658ae5f91..1400f1536 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nrk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nrk.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     parse_iso8601,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
+    update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
 )
@@ -27,6 +28,12 @@ class NRKBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         )/'''
 
     def _extract_nrk_formats(self, asset_url, video_id):
+        asset_url = update_url_query(asset_url, {
+            # Remove 'adap' to return all streams (known values are: small, large, small_h265, large_h265)
+            'adap': [],
+            # Disable subtitles since they are fetched separately
+            's': 0,
+        })
         if re.match(r'https?://[^/]+\.akamaihd\.net/i/', asset_url):
             return self._extract_akamai_formats(asset_url, video_id)
         asset_url = re.sub(r'(?:bw_(?:low|high)=\d+|no_audio_only)&?', '', asset_url)
@@ -58,7 +65,10 @@ def _call_api(self, path, video_id, item=None, note=None, fatal=True, query=None
         return self._download_json(
             urljoin('https://psapi.nrk.no/', path),
             video_id, note or f'Downloading {item} JSON',
-            fatal=fatal, query=query)
+            fatal=fatal, query=query, headers={
+                # Needed for working stream URLs, see https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12192
+                'Accept': 'application/vnd.nrk.psapi+json; version=9; player=tv-player; device=player-core',
+            })
 
 
 class NRKIE(NRKBaseIE):
@@ -77,13 +87,17 @@ class NRKIE(NRKBaseIE):
     _TESTS = [{
         # video
         'url': 'http://www.nrk.no/video/PS*150533',
-        'md5': 'f46be075326e23ad0e524edfcb06aeb6',
+        'md5': '2b88a652ad2e275591e61cf550887eec',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '150533',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Dompap og andre fugler i Piip-Show',
             'description': 'md5:d9261ba34c43b61c812cb6b0269a5c8f',
             'duration': 262,
+            'upload_date': '20140325',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://gfx\.nrk\.no/.*$',
+            'timestamp': 1395751833,
+            'alt_title': 'md5:d9261ba34c43b61c812cb6b0269a5c8f',
         },
     }, {
         # audio
@@ -95,6 +109,10 @@ class NRKIE(NRKBaseIE):
             'title': 'Slik høres internett ut når du er blind',
             'description': 'md5:a621f5cc1bd75c8d5104cb048c6b8568',
             'duration': 20,
+            'timestamp': 1398429565,
+            'alt_title': 'Cathrine Lie Wathne er blind, og bruker hurtigtaster for å navigere seg rundt på ulike nettsider.',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://gfx.nrk.no/urxQMSXF-WnbfjBH5ke2igLGyN27EdJVWZ6FOsEAclhA',
+            'upload_date': '20140425',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'nrk:ecc1b952-96dc-4a98-81b9-5296dc7a98d9',
@@ -152,7 +170,7 @@ def call_playback_api(item, query=None):
                     return self._call_api(f'playback/{item}/{video_id}', video_id, item, query=query)
                 raise
 
-        # known values for preferredCdn: akamai, iponly, minicdn and telenor
+        # known values for preferredCdn: akamai, globalconnect and telenor
         manifest = call_playback_api('manifest', {'preferredCdn': 'akamai'})
 
         video_id = try_get(manifest, lambda x: x['id'], str) or video_id
@@ -307,6 +325,13 @@ class NRKTVIE(InfoExtractor):
                     'ext': 'vtt',
                 }],
             },
+            'upload_date': '20170627',
+            'timestamp': 1498591822,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://gfx.nrk.no/myRSc4vuFlahB60P3n6swwRTQUZI1LqJZl9B7icZFgzA',
+            'alt_title': 'md5:46923a6e6510eefcce23d5ef2a58f2ce',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://tv.nrk.no/serie/20-spoersmaal-tv/MUHH48000314/23-05-2014',
@@ -321,6 +346,13 @@ class NRKTVIE(InfoExtractor):
             'series': '20 spørsmål',
             'episode': '23. mai 2014',
             'age_limit': 0,
+            'timestamp': 1584593700,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://gfx.nrk.no/u7uCe79SEfPVGRAGVp2_uAZnNc4mfz_kjXg6Bgek8lMQ',
+            'season_id': '126936',
+            'upload_date': '20200319',
+            'season': 'Season 2014',
+            'season_number': 2014,
+            'episode_number': 3,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://tv.nrk.no/program/mdfp15000514',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
index c2079d8b0..47c7be61d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nubilesporn.py
@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
     get_element_html_by_class,
     get_elements_by_class,
     int_or_none,
-    try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, find_elements, traverse_obj
 
 
 class NubilesPornIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -70,9 +70,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             url, get_element_by_class('watch-page-video-wrapper', page), video_id)[0]
 
         channel_id, channel_name = self._search_regex(
-            r'/video/website/(?P<id>\d+).+>(?P<name>\w+).com', get_element_html_by_class('site-link', page),
+            r'/video/website/(?P<id>\d+).+>(?P<name>\w+).com', get_element_html_by_class('site-link', page) or '',
             'channel', fatal=False, group=('id', 'name')) or (None, None)
-        channel_name = re.sub(r'([^A-Z]+)([A-Z]+)', r'\1 \2', channel_name)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
@@ -82,14 +81,14 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'thumbnail': media_entries.get('thumbnail'),
             'description': clean_html(get_element_html_by_class('content-pane-description', page)),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(get_element_by_class('date', page)),
-            'channel': channel_name,
+            'channel': re.sub(r'([^A-Z]+)([A-Z]+)', r'\1 \2', channel_name) if channel_name else None,
             'channel_id': channel_id,
             'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://members.nubiles-porn.com/video/website/%s'),
             'like_count': int_or_none(get_element_by_id('likecount', page)),
             'average_rating': float_or_none(get_element_by_class('score', page)),
             'age_limit': 18,
-            'categories': try_call(lambda: list(map(clean_html, get_elements_by_class('btn', get_element_by_class('categories', page))))),
-            'tags': try_call(lambda: list(map(clean_html, get_elements_by_class('btn', get_elements_by_class('tags', page)[1])))),
+            'categories': traverse_obj(page, ({find_element(cls='categories')}, {find_elements(cls='btn')}, ..., {clean_html})),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(page, ({find_elements(cls='tags')}, 1, {find_elements(cls='btn')}, ..., {clean_html})),
             'cast': get_elements_by_class('content-pane-performer', page),
             'availability': 'needs_auth',
             'series': channel_name,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
index 5ec3cdd67..a97add71a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nytimes.py
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ def _extract_content_from_block(self, block):
         details = traverse_obj(block, {
             'id': ('sourceId', {str}),
             'uploader': ('bylines', ..., 'renderedRepresentation', {str}),
-            'duration': (None, (('duration', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, scale=1000)}), ('length', {int_or_none}))),
+            'duration': (None, (('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}), ('length', {int_or_none}))),
             'timestamp': ('firstPublished', {parse_iso8601}),
             'series': ('podcastSeries', {str}),
         }, get_all=False)
@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if media_ids:
             media_ids.append(lead_video_id)
             return self.playlist_result(
-                [self._extract_video(media_id) for media_id in media_ids], page_id, title, description)
+                map(self._extract_video, media_ids), page_id, title, description)
 
         return {
             **self._extract_video(lead_video_id),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nzonscreen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nzonscreen.py
index 5fc516daf..755039804 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nzonscreen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nzonscreen.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 
 class NZOnScreenIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://www\.nzonscreen\.com/title/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.nzonscreen\.com/title/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.nzonscreen.com/title/shoop-shoop-diddy-wop-cumma-cumma-wang-dang-1982',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/nzz.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/nzz.py
index ac3b73156..047c4e1ac 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nzz.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nzz.py
@@ -1,9 +1,6 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    extract_attributes,
-)
 
 
 class NZZIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -22,19 +19,14 @@ class NZZIE(InfoExtractor):
         'playlist_count': 1,
     }]
 
+    def _entries(self, webpage, page_id):
+        for script in re.findall(r'(?s)<script[^>]* data-hid="jw-video-jw[^>]+>(.+?)</script>', webpage):
+            settings = self._search_json(r'var\s+settings\s*=[^{]*', script, 'settings', page_id, fatal=False)
+            if entry := self._parse_jwplayer_data(settings, page_id):
+                yield entry
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         page_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
 
-        entries = []
-        for player_element in re.findall(
-                r'(<[^>]+class="kalturaPlayer[^"]*"[^>]*>)', webpage):
-            player_params = extract_attributes(player_element)
-            if player_params.get('data-type') not in ('kaltura_singleArticle',):
-                self.report_warning('Unsupported player type')
-                continue
-            entry_id = player_params['data-id']
-            entries.append(self.url_result(
-                'kaltura:1750922:' + entry_id, 'Kaltura', entry_id))
-
-        return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(webpage, page_id), page_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/on24.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/on24.py
index 05218e9de..1dfc25a7d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/on24.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/on24.py
@@ -11,12 +11,15 @@ class On24IE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'on24'
     IE_DESC = 'ON24'
 
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-                    https?://event\.on24\.com/(?:
-                        wcc/r/(?P<id_1>\d{7})/(?P<key_1>[0-9A-F]{32})|
-                        eventRegistration/(?:console/EventConsoleApollo|EventLobbyServlet\?target=lobby30)
-                            \.jsp\?(?:[^/#?]*&)?eventid=(?P<id_2>\d{7})[^/#?]*&key=(?P<key_2>[0-9A-F]{32})
-                    )'''
+    _ID_RE = r'(?P<id>\d{7})'
+    _KEY_RE = r'(?P<key>[0-9A-F]{32})'
+    _URL_BASE_RE = r'https?://event\.on24\.com'
+    _URL_QUERY_RE = rf'(?:[^#]*&)?eventid={_ID_RE}&(?:[^#]+&)?key={_KEY_RE}'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        rf'{_URL_BASE_RE}/wcc/r/{_ID_RE}/{_KEY_RE}',
+        rf'{_URL_BASE_RE}/eventRegistration/console/(?:EventConsoleApollo\.jsp|apollox/mainEvent/?)\?{_URL_QUERY_RE}',
+        rf'{_URL_BASE_RE}/eventRegistration/EventLobbyServlet/?\?{_URL_QUERY_RE}',
+    ]
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://event.on24.com/eventRegistration/console/EventConsoleApollo.jsp?uimode=nextgeneration&eventid=2197467&sessionid=1&key=5DF57BE53237F36A43B478DD36277A84&contenttype=A&eventuserid=305999&playerwidth=1000&playerheight=650&caller=previewLobby&text_language_id=en&format=fhaudio&newConsole=false',
@@ -34,12 +37,16 @@ class On24IE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://event.on24.com/eventRegistration/console/EventConsoleApollo.jsp?&eventid=2639291&sessionid=1&username=&partnerref=&format=fhvideo1&mobile=&flashsupportedmobiledevice=&helpcenter=&key=82829018E813065A122363877975752E&newConsole=true&nxChe=true&newTabCon=true&text_language_id=en&playerwidth=748&playerheight=526&eventuserid=338788762&contenttype=A&mediametricsessionid=384764716&mediametricid=3558192&usercd=369267058&mode=launch',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://event.on24.com/eventRegistration/EventLobbyServlet?target=reg20.jsp&eventid=3543176&key=BC0F6B968B67C34B50D461D40FDB3E18&groupId=3143628',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://event.on24.com/eventRegistration/console/apollox/mainEvent?&eventid=4843671&sessionid=1&username=&partnerref=&format=fhvideo1&mobile=&flashsupportedmobiledevice=&helpcenter=&key=4EAC9B5C564CC98FF29E619B06A2F743&newConsole=true&nxChe=true&newTabCon=true&consoleEarEventConsole=false&consoleEarCloudApi=false&text_language_id=en&playerwidth=748&playerheight=526&referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fevent.on24.com%2Finterface%2Fregistration%2Fautoreg%2Findex.html%3Fsessionid%3D1%26eventid%3D4843671%26key%3D4EAC9B5C564CC98FF29E619B06A2F743%26email%3D000a3e42-7952-4dd6-8f8a-34c38ea3cf02%2540platform%26firstname%3Ds%26lastname%3Ds%26deletecookie%3Dtrue%26event_email%3DN%26marketing_email%3DN%26std1%3D0642572014177%26std2%3D0642572014179%26std3%3D550165f7-a44e-4725-9fe6-716f89908c2b%26std4%3D0&eventuserid=745776448&contenttype=A&mediametricsessionid=640613707&mediametricid=6810717&usercd=745776448&mode=launch',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        event_id = mobj.group('id_1') or mobj.group('id_2')
-        event_key = mobj.group('key_1') or mobj.group('key_2')
+        event_id, event_key = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'key')
 
         event_data = self._download_json(
             'https://event.on24.com/apic/utilApp/EventConsoleCachedServlet',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
index 591b4147e..1921f3fd8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ondemandkorea.py
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ def if_series(key=None):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'thumbnail': ('episode', 'images', 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
                 'release_date': ('episode', 'release_date', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '')}, {unified_strdate}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'age_limit': ('age_rating', 'name', {lambda x: x.replace('R', '')}, {parse_age_limit}),
                 'series': ('episode', {if_series(key='program')}, 'title'),
                 'series_id': ('episode', {if_series(key='program')}, 'id', {str_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/openrec.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/openrec.py
index b4f1c7d85..4c19ab684 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/openrec.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/openrec.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ def _extract_movie(self, webpage, video_id, name, is_live):
 
 class OpenRecIE(OpenRecBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'openrec'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/live/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/live/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.openrec.tv/live/2p8v31qe4zy',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class OpenRecCaptureIE(OpenRecBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'openrec:capture'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/capture/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/capture/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.openrec.tv/capture/l9nk2x4gn14',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 class OpenRecMovieIE(OpenRecBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'openrec:movie'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/movie/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/movie/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.openrec.tv/movie/nqz5xl5km8v',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -141,6 +141,9 @@ class OpenRecMovieIE(OpenRecBaseIE):
             'uploader_id': 'taiki_to_kazuhiro',
             'timestamp': 1638856800,
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.openrec.tv/movie/2p8vvex548y?playlist_id=98brq96vvsgn2nd',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
index 9c37a54d6..12c4a2104 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/orf.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import base64
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -192,7 +191,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'ext': ('enclosures', 0, 'type', {mimetype2ext}),
                 'title': 'title',
                 'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'series': ('podcast', 'title'),
             })),
         }
@@ -494,7 +493,7 @@ def _parse_metadata(api_json):
         return traverse_obj(api_json, {
             'id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
             'age_limit': ('age_classification', {parse_age_limit}),
-            'duration': ('exact_duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'duration': ('exact_duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'title': (('title', 'headline'), {str}),
             'description': (('description', 'teaser_text'), {str}),
             'media_type': ('video_type', {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py
index 9be288a7d..e5bb3be4e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/parler.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import functools
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from ..utils import (
@@ -83,7 +81,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'timestamp': ('date_created', {unified_timestamp}),
                 'uploader': ('user', 'name', {strip_or_none}),
                 'uploader_id': ('user', 'username', {str}),
-                'uploader_url': ('user', 'username', {functools.partial(urljoin, 'https://parler.com/')}),
+                'uploader_url': ('user', 'username', {urljoin('https://parler.com/')}),
                 'view_count': ('views', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('total_comments', {int_or_none}),
                 'repost_count': ('echos', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/parti.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/parti.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..acadefc4e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/parti.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import UserNotLive, int_or_none, parse_iso8601, url_or_none, urljoin
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class PartiBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _call_api(self, path, video_id, note=None):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://api-backend.parti.com/parti_v2/profile/{path}', video_id, note)
+
+
+class PartiVideoIE(PartiBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'parti:video'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?parti\.com/video/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://parti.com/video/66284',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '66284',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'NOW LIVE ',
+            'upload_date': '20250327',
+            'categories': ['Gaming'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://assets.parti.com/351424_eb9e5250-2821-484a-9c5f-ca99aa666c87.png',
+            'channel': 'ItZTMGG',
+            'timestamp': 1743044379,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data = self._call_api(f'get_livestream_channel_info/recent/{video_id}', video_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                urljoin('https://watch.parti.com', data['livestream_recording']), video_id, 'mp4'),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('event_title', {str}),
+                'channel': ('user_name', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('event_file', {url_or_none}),
+                'categories': ('category_name', {str}, filter, all),
+                'timestamp': ('event_start_ts', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class PartiLivestreamIE(PartiBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'parti:livestream'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?parti\.com/creator/(?P<service>[\w]+)/(?P<id>[\w/-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://parti.com/creator/parti/Capt_Robs_Adventures',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'Capt_Robs_Adventures',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r"re:I'm Live on Parti \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}",
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://assets\.parti\.com/.+\.png',
+            'timestamp': 1743879776,
+            'upload_date': '20250405',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://parti.com/creator/discord/sazboxgaming/0',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        service, creator_slug = self._match_valid_url(url).group('service', 'id')
+
+        encoded_creator_slug = creator_slug.replace('/', '%23')
+        creator_id = self._call_api(
+            f'get_user_by_social_media/{service}/{encoded_creator_slug}',
+            creator_slug, note='Fetching user ID')
+
+        data = self._call_api(
+            f'get_livestream_channel_info/{creator_id}', creator_id,
+            note='Fetching user profile feed')['channel_info']
+
+        if not traverse_obj(data, ('channel', 'is_live', {bool})):
+            raise UserNotLive(video_id=creator_id)
+
+        channel_info = data['channel']
+
+        return {
+            'id': creator_slug,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                channel_info['playback_url'], creator_slug, live=True, query={
+                    'token': channel_info['playback_auth_token'],
+                    'player_version': '1.17.0',
+                }),
+            'is_live': True,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('livestream_event_info', 'event_name', {str}),
+                'description': ('livestream_event_info', 'event_description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('livestream_event_info', 'livestream_preview_file', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('stream', 'start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'view_count': ('stream', 'viewer_count', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
index 4489d533a..7794cae6c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/patreon.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import functools
 import itertools
 import urllib.parse
 
@@ -15,20 +16,26 @@
     parse_iso8601,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
 
 
 class PatreonBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    USER_AGENT = 'Patreon/7.6.28 (Android; Android 11; Scale/2.10)'
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def patreon_user_agent(self):
+        # Patreon mobile UA is needed to avoid triggering Cloudflare anti-bot protection.
+        # Newer UA yields higher res m3u8 formats for locked posts, but gives 401 if not logged-in
+        if self._get_cookies('https://www.patreon.com/').get('session_id'):
+            return 'Patreon/72.2.28 (Android; Android 14; Scale/2.10)'
+        return 'Patreon/7.6.28 (Android; Android 11; Scale/2.10)'
 
     def _call_api(self, ep, item_id, query=None, headers=None, fatal=True, note=None):
         if headers is None:
             headers = {}
         if 'User-Agent' not in headers:
-            headers['User-Agent'] = self.USER_AGENT
+            headers['User-Agent'] = self.patreon_user_agent
         if query:
             query.update({'json-api-version': 1.0})
 
@@ -48,6 +55,7 @@ def _call_api(self, ep, item_id, query=None, headers=None, fatal=True, note=None
 
 
 class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'patreon'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?patreon\.com/(?:creation\?hid=|posts/(?:[\w-]+-)?)(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.patreon.com/creation?hid=743933',
@@ -55,6 +63,7 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '743933',
             'ext': 'mp3',
+            'alt_title': 'cd166.mp3',
             'title': 'Episode 166: David Smalley of Dogma Debate',
             'description': 'md5:34d207dd29aa90e24f1b3f58841b81c7',
             'uploader': 'Cognitive Dissonance Podcast',
@@ -111,6 +120,7 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'channel_is_verified': True,
             'chapters': 'count:4',
+            'timestamp': 1423689666,
         },
         'params': {
             'noplaylist': True,
@@ -221,6 +231,7 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
     }, {
         # multiple attachments/embeds
         'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/posts/holy-wars-solos-100601977',
@@ -242,6 +253,27 @@ class PatreonIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
         },
         'skip': 'Patron-only content',
+    }, {
+        # Contains a comment reply in the 'included' section
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/posts/114721679',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '114721679',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20241025',
+            'uploader': 'Japanalysis',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'title': 'Karasawa Part 2',
+            'description': 'Part 2 of this video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Azms2-VTASk',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/japanalysis',
+            'uploader_id': '80504268',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/japanalysis',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1729897015,
+            'channel_id': '9346307',
+        },
+        'params': {'getcomments': True},
     }]
     _RETURN_TYPE = 'video'
 
@@ -249,7 +281,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         post = self._call_api(
             f'posts/{video_id}', video_id, query={
-                'fields[media]': 'download_url,mimetype,size_bytes',
+                'fields[media]': 'download_url,mimetype,size_bytes,file_name',
                 'fields[post]': 'comment_count,content,embed,image,like_count,post_file,published_at,title,current_user_can_view',
                 'fields[user]': 'full_name,url',
                 'fields[post_tag]': 'value',
@@ -286,6 +318,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                         'ext': ext,
                         'filesize': size_bytes,
                         'url': download_url,
+                        'alt_title': traverse_obj(media_attributes, ('file_name', {str})),
                     })
 
             elif include_type == 'user':
@@ -326,8 +359,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if embed_url and (urlh := self._request_webpage(
                 embed_url, video_id, 'Checking embed URL', headers=headers,
                 fatal=False, errnote=False, expected_status=403)):
+            # Vimeo's Cloudflare anti-bot protection will return HTTP status 200 for 404, so we need
+            # to check for "Sorry, we couldn&amp;rsquo;t find that page" in the meta description tag
+            meta_description = clean_html(self._html_search_meta(
+                'description', self._webpage_read_content(urlh, embed_url, video_id, fatal=False), default=None))
             # Password-protected vids.io embeds return 403 errors w/o --video-password or session cookie
-            if urlh.status != 403 or VidsIoIE.suitable(embed_url):
+            if ((urlh.status != 403 and meta_description != 'Sorry, we couldn’t find that page')
+                    or VidsIoIE.suitable(embed_url)):
                 entries.append(self.url_result(smuggle_url(embed_url, headers)))
 
         post_file = traverse_obj(attributes, ('post_file', {dict}))
@@ -389,26 +427,24 @@ def _get_comments(self, post_id):
                 f'posts/{post_id}/comments', post_id, query=params, note=f'Downloading comments page {page}')
 
             cursor = None
-            for comment in traverse_obj(response, (('data', ('included', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'comment')), ...)):
+            for comment in traverse_obj(response, (('data', 'included'), lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'comment' and v['id'])):
                 count += 1
-                comment_id = comment.get('id')
-                attributes = comment.get('attributes') or {}
-                if comment_id is None:
-                    continue
                 author_id = traverse_obj(comment, ('relationships', 'commenter', 'data', 'id'))
-                author_info = traverse_obj(
-                    response, ('included', lambda _, v: v['id'] == author_id and v['type'] == 'user', 'attributes'),
-                    get_all=False, expected_type=dict, default={})
 
                 yield {
-                    'id': comment_id,
-                    'text': attributes.get('body'),
-                    'timestamp': parse_iso8601(attributes.get('created')),
-                    'parent': traverse_obj(comment, ('relationships', 'parent', 'data', 'id'), default='root'),
-                    'author_is_uploader': attributes.get('is_by_creator'),
+                    **traverse_obj(comment, {
+                        'id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                        'text': ('attributes', 'body', {str}),
+                        'timestamp': ('attributes', 'created', {parse_iso8601}),
+                        'parent': ('relationships', 'parent', 'data', ('id', {value('root')}), {str}, any),
+                        'author_is_uploader': ('attributes', 'is_by_creator', {bool}),
+                    }),
+                    **traverse_obj(response, (
+                        'included', lambda _, v: v['id'] == author_id and v['type'] == 'user', 'attributes', {
+                            'author': ('full_name', {str}),
+                            'author_thumbnail': ('image_url', {url_or_none}),
+                        }), get_all=False),
                     'author_id': author_id,
-                    'author': author_info.get('full_name'),
-                    'author_thumbnail': author_info.get('image_url'),
                 }
 
             if count < traverse_obj(response, ('meta', 'count')):
@@ -419,15 +455,19 @@ def _get_comments(self, post_id):
 
 
 class PatreonCampaignIE(PatreonBaseIE):
-
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?patreon\.com/(?!rss)(?:(?:m|api/campaigns)/(?P<campaign_id>\d+)|(?P<vanity>[-\w]+))'
+    IE_NAME = 'patreon:campaign'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        https?://(?:www\.)?patreon\.com/(?:
+            (?:m|api/campaigns)/(?P<campaign_id>\d+)|
+            (?:c/)?(?P<vanity>(?!creation[?/]|posts/|rss[?/])[\w-]+)
+        )(?:/posts)?/?(?:$|[?#])'''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/dissonancepod/',
         'info_dict': {
             'title': 'Cognitive Dissonance Podcast',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/dissonancepod',
             'id': '80642',
-            'description': 'md5:eb2fa8b83da7ab887adeac34da6b7af7',
+            'description': r're:(?s).*We produce a weekly news podcast focusing on stories that deal with skepticism and religion.*',
             'channel_id': '80642',
             'channel': 'Cognitive Dissonance Podcast',
             'age_limit': 0,
@@ -445,7 +485,7 @@ class PatreonCampaignIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'id': '4767637',
             'channel_id': '4767637',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/notjustbikes',
-            'description': 'md5:9f4b70051216c4d5c58afe580ffc8d0f',
+            'description': r're:(?s).*Not Just Bikes started as a way to explain why we chose to live in the Netherlands.*',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'channel': 'Not Just Bikes',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/notjustbikes',
@@ -462,7 +502,7 @@ class PatreonCampaignIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'id': '4243769',
             'channel_id': '4243769',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/secondthought',
-            'description': 'md5:69c89a3aba43efdb76e85eb023e8de8b',
+            'description': r're:(?s).*Second Thought is an educational YouTube channel.*',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'channel': 'Second Thought',
             'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/secondthought',
@@ -471,6 +511,26 @@ class PatreonCampaignIE(PatreonBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*$',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 201,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/c/OgSog',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '8504388',
+            'title': 'OGSoG',
+            'description': r're:(?s)Hello and welcome to our Patreon page. We are Mari, Lasercorn, .+',
+            'channel': 'OGSoG',
+            'channel_id': '8504388',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/OgSog',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.patreon.com/OgSog',
+            'uploader_id': '72323575',
+            'uploader': 'David Moss',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 331,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/c/OgSog/posts',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.patreon.com/dissonancepod/posts',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -482,10 +542,6 @@ class PatreonCampaignIE(PatreonBaseIE):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if PatreonIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
-
     def _entries(self, campaign_id):
         cursor = None
         params = {
@@ -512,7 +568,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         campaign_id, vanity = self._match_valid_url(url).group('campaign_id', 'vanity')
         if campaign_id is None:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, vanity, headers={'User-Agent': self.USER_AGENT})
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, vanity, headers={'User-Agent': self.patreon_user_agent})
             campaign_id = self._search_nextjs_data(
                 webpage, vanity)['props']['pageProps']['bootstrapEnvelope']['pageBootstrap']['campaign']['data']['id']
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py
index 686796491..53b199415 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pbs.py
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ class PBSIE(InfoExtractor):
         (r'video\.kpbs\.org', 'KPBS San Diego (KPBS)'),  # http://www.kpbs.org/
         (r'video\.kqed\.org', 'KQED (KQED)'),  # http://www.kqed.org
         (r'vids\.kvie\.org', 'KVIE Public Television (KVIE)'),  # http://www.kvie.org
-        (r'video\.pbssocal\.org', 'PBS SoCal/KOCE (KOCE)'),  # http://www.pbssocal.org/
+        (r'(?:video\.|www\.)pbssocal\.org', 'PBS SoCal/KOCE (KOCE)'),  # http://www.pbssocal.org/
         (r'video\.valleypbs\.org', 'ValleyPBS (KVPT)'),  # http://www.valleypbs.org/
         (r'video\.cptv\.org', 'CONNECTICUT PUBLIC TELEVISION (WEDH)'),  # http://cptv.org
         (r'watch\.knpb\.org', 'KNPB Channel 5 (KNPB)'),  # http://www.knpb.org/
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ class PBSIE(InfoExtractor):
         (r'video\.wyomingpbs\.org', 'Wyoming PBS (KCWC)'),  # http://www.wyomingpbs.org
         (r'video\.cpt12\.org', 'Colorado Public Television / KBDI 12 (KBDI)'),  # http://www.cpt12.org/
         (r'video\.kbyueleven\.org', 'KBYU-TV (KBYU)'),  # http://www.kbyutv.org/
-        (r'video\.thirteen\.org', 'Thirteen/WNET New York (WNET)'),  # http://www.thirteen.org
+        (r'(?:video\.|www\.)thirteen\.org', 'Thirteen/WNET New York (WNET)'),  # http://www.thirteen.org
         (r'video\.wgbh\.org', 'WGBH/Channel 2 (WGBH)'),  # http://wgbh.org
         (r'video\.wgby\.org', 'WGBY (WGBY)'),  # http://www.wgby.org
         (r'watch\.njtvonline\.org', 'NJTV Public Media NJ (WNJT)'),  # http://www.njtvonline.org/
@@ -185,12 +185,13 @@ class PBSIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)https?://
         (?:
-           # Direct video URL
-           (?:{})/(?:(?:vir|port)alplayer|video)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:[?/]|$) |
-           # Article with embedded player (or direct video)
-           (?:www\.)?pbs\.org/(?:[^/]+/){{1,5}}(?P<presumptive_id>[^/]+?)(?:\.html)?/?(?:$|[?\#]) |
-           # Player
-           (?:video|player)\.pbs\.org/(?:widget/)?partnerplayer/(?P<player_id>[^/]+)
+            # Player
+            (?:video|player)\.pbs\.org/(?:widget/)?partnerplayer/(?P<player_id>[^/?#]+) |
+            # Direct video URL, or article with embedded player
+            (?:{})/(?:
+              (?:(?:vir|port)alplayer|video)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:[?/#]|$) |
+              (?:[^/?#]+/){{1,5}}(?P<presumptive_id>[^/?#]+?)(?:\.html)?/?(?:$|[?#])
+            )
         )
     '''.format('|'.join(next(zip(*_STATIONS))))
 
@@ -207,16 +208,40 @@ class PBSIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:31b664af3c65fd07fa460d306b837d00',
                 'duration': 3190,
             },
+            'skip': 'dead URL',
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.thirteen.org/programs/the-woodwrights-shop/carving-away-with-mary-may-tioglz/',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3004803331',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': "The Woodwright's Shop - Carving Away with Mary May",
+                'description': 'md5:7cbaaaa8b9bcc78bd8f0e31911644e28',
+                'duration': 1606,
+                'display_id': 'carving-away-with-mary-may-tioglz',
+                'chapters': [],
+                'thumbnail': 'https://image.pbs.org/video-assets/NcnTxNl-asset-mezzanine-16x9-K0Keoyv.jpg',
+            },
         },
         {
             'url': 'http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/losing-iraq/',
-            'md5': '6f722cb3c3982186d34b0f13374499c7',
+            'md5': '372b12b670070de39438b946474df92f',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '2365297690',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'FRONTLINE - Losing Iraq',
                 'description': 'md5:5979a4d069b157f622d02bff62fbe654',
                 'duration': 5050,
+                'chapters': [
+                    {'start_time': 0.0, 'end_time': 1234.0, 'title': 'After Saddam, Chaos'},
+                    {'start_time': 1233.0, 'end_time': 1719.0, 'title': 'The Insurgency Takes Root'},
+                    {'start_time': 1718.0, 'end_time': 2461.0, 'title': 'A Light Footprint'},
+                    {'start_time': 2460.0, 'end_time': 3589.0, 'title': 'The Surge '},
+                    {'start_time': 3588.0, 'end_time': 4355.0, 'title': 'The Withdrawal '},
+                    {'start_time': 4354.0, 'end_time': 5051.0, 'title': 'ISIS on the March '},
+                ],
+                'display_id': 'losing-iraq',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://image.pbs.org/video-assets/pbs/frontline/138098/images/mezzanine_401.jpg',
             },
         },
         {
@@ -403,6 +428,19 @@ class PBSIE(InfoExtractor):
             },
             'expected_warnings': ['HTTP Error 403: Forbidden'],
         },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.pbssocal.org/shows/newshour/clip/capehart-johnson-1715984001',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '3091549094',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'PBS NewsHour - Capehart and Johnson on the unusual Biden-Trump debate plans',
+                'description': 'Capehart and Johnson on how the Biden-Trump debates could shape the campaign season',
+                'display_id': 'capehart-johnson-1715984001',
+                'duration': 593,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://image.pbs.org/video-assets/mF3oSVn-asset-mezzanine-16x9-QeXjXPy.jpg',
+                'chapters': [],
+            },
+        },
         {
             'url': 'http://player.pbs.org/widget/partnerplayer/2365297708/?start=0&end=0&chapterbar=false&endscreen=false&topbar=true',
             'only_matching': True,
@@ -463,10 +501,12 @@ def _extract_webpage(self, url):
                 r"div\s*:\s*'videoembed'\s*,\s*mediaid\s*:\s*'(\d+)'",  # frontline video embed
                 r'class="coveplayerid">([^<]+)<',                       # coveplayer
                 r'<section[^>]+data-coveid="(\d+)"',                    # coveplayer from http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/real-csi/
+                r'\sclass="passportcoveplayer"[^>]*\sdata-media="(\d+)',  # https://www.thirteen.org/programs/the-woodwrights-shop/who-wrote-the-book-of-sloyd-fggvvq/
                 r'<input type="hidden" id="pbs_video_id_[0-9]+" value="([0-9]+)"/>',  # jwplayer
                 r"(?s)window\.PBS\.playerConfig\s*=\s*{.*?id\s*:\s*'([0-9]+)',",
                 r'<div[^>]+\bdata-cove-id=["\'](\d+)"',  # http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/roadshow/watch/episode/2105-indianapolis-hour-2/
                 r'<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=["\'](?:https?:)?//video\.pbs\.org/widget/partnerplayer/(\d+)',  # https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/masterpiece/episodes/victoria-s2-e1/
+                r'\bhttps?://player\.pbs\.org/[\w-]+player/(\d+)',      # last pattern to avoid false positives
             ]
 
             media_id = self._search_regex(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pialive.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pialive.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7469135c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pialive.py
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    multipart_encode,
+    str_or_none,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class PiaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://player\.pia-live\.jp/stream/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _PLAYER_ROOT_URL = 'https://player.pia-live.jp/'
+    _PIA_LIVE_API_URL = 'https://api.pia-live.jp'
+    _API_KEY = 'kfds)FKFps-dms9e'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://player.pia-live.jp/stream/4JagFBEIM14s_hK9aXHKf3k3F3bY5eoHFQxu68TC6krUDqGOwN4d61dCWQYOd6CTxl4hjya9dsfEZGsM4uGOUdax60lEI4twsXGXf7crmz8Gk__GhupTrWxA7RFRVt76',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84',
+            'display_id': '2431867_001',
+            'title': 'こながめでたい日２０２４の視聴ページ | PIA LIVE STREAM(ぴあライブストリーム)',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'getcomments': True,
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+        'skip': 'The video is no longer available',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://player.pia-live.jp/stream/4JagFBEIM14s_hK9aXHKf3k3F3bY5eoHFQxu68TC6krJdu0GVBVbVy01IwpJ6J3qBEm3d9TCTt1d0eWpsZGj7DrOjVOmS7GAWGwyscMgiThopJvzgWC4H5b-7XQjAfRZ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '9ce8b8ba-f6d1-4d1f-83a0-18c3148ded93',
+            'display_id': '2431867_002',
+            'title': 'こながめでたい日２０２４の視聴ページ | PIA LIVE STREAM(ぴあライブストリーム)',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'comment_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'getcomments': True,
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+        'skip': 'The video is no longer available',
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_var(self, variable, html):
+        return self._search_regex(
+            rf'(?:var|const|let)\s+{variable}\s*=\s*(["\'])(?P<value>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1',
+            html, f'variable {variable}', group='value')
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_key = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_key)
+
+        program_code = self._extract_var('programCode', webpage)
+        article_code = self._extract_var('articleCode', webpage)
+        title = self._html_extract_title(webpage)
+
+        if get_element_html_by_class('play-end', webpage):
+            raise ExtractorError('The video is no longer available', expected=True, video_id=program_code)
+
+        if start_info := clean_html(get_element_by_class('play-waiting__date', webpage)):
+            date, time = self._search_regex(
+                r'(?P<date>\d{4}/\d{1,2}/\d{1,2})\([月火水木金土日]\)(?P<time>\d{2}:\d{2})',
+                start_info, 'start_info', fatal=False, group=('date', 'time'))
+            if date and time:
+                release_timestamp_str = f'{date} {time} +09:00'
+                release_timestamp = unified_timestamp(release_timestamp_str)
+                self.raise_no_formats(f'The video will be available after {release_timestamp_str}', expected=True)
+                return {
+                    'id': program_code,
+                    'title': title,
+                    'live_status': 'is_upcoming',
+                    'release_timestamp': release_timestamp,
+                }
+
+        payload, content_type = multipart_encode({
+            'play_url': video_key,
+            'api_key': self._API_KEY,
+        })
+        api_data_and_headers = {
+            'data': payload,
+            'headers': {'Content-Type': content_type, 'Referer': self._PLAYER_ROOT_URL},
+        }
+
+        player_tag_list = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._PIA_LIVE_API_URL}/perf/player-tag-list/{program_code}', program_code,
+            'Fetching player tag list', 'Unable to fetch player tag list', **api_data_and_headers)
+
+        return self.url_result(
+            extract_attributes(player_tag_list['data']['movie_one_tag'])['src'],
+            url_transparent=True, title=title, display_id=program_code,
+            __post_extractor=self.extract_comments(program_code, article_code, api_data_and_headers))
+
+    def _get_comments(self, program_code, article_code, api_data_and_headers):
+        chat_room_url = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'{self._PIA_LIVE_API_URL}/perf/chat-tag-list/{program_code}/{article_code}', program_code,
+            'Fetching chat info', 'Unable to fetch chat info', fatal=False, **api_data_and_headers),
+            ('data', 'chat_one_tag', {extract_attributes}, 'src', {url_or_none}))
+        if not chat_room_url:
+            return
+        comment_page = self._download_webpage(
+            chat_room_url, program_code, 'Fetching comment page', 'Unable to fetch comment page',
+            fatal=False, headers={'Referer': self._PLAYER_ROOT_URL})
+        if not comment_page:
+            return
+        yield from traverse_obj(self._search_json(
+            r'var\s+_history\s*=', comment_page, 'comment list',
+            program_code, contains_pattern=r'\[(?s:.+)\]', fatal=False), (..., {
+                'timestamp': (0, {int}),
+                'author_is_uploader': (1, {lambda x: x == 2}),
+                'author': (2, {str}),
+                'text': (3, {str}),
+                'id': (4, {str_or_none}),
+            }))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1eb6d92b7..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/piaulizaportal.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_qs,
-    time_seconds,
-    traverse_obj,
-)
-
-
-class PIAULIZAPortalIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'ulizaportal.jp - PIA LIVE STREAM'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ulizaportal\.jp/pages/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
-            'title': 'プレゼンテーションプレイヤーのサンプル',
-            'live_status': 'not_live',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d?expires=4102412400&signature=f422a993b683e1068f946caf406d211c17d1ef17da8bef3df4a519502155aa91&version=1',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d',
-            'title': '【確認用】視聴サンプルページ（ULIZA）',
-            'live_status': 'not_live',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        expires = int_or_none(traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('expires', 0)))
-        if expires and expires <= time_seconds():
-            raise ExtractorError('The link is expired.', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-
-        player_data = self._download_webpage(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'<script [^>]*\bsrc="(https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^"]+)"',
-                webpage, 'player data url'),
-            video_id, headers={'Referer': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/'},
-            note='Fetching player data', errnote='Unable to fetch player data')
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'["\'](https://vms-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/prog-index\.m3u8[^"\']+)', player_data,
-                'm3u8 url', default=None),
-            video_id, fatal=False)
-        m3u8_type = self._search_regex(
-            r'/hls/(dvr|video)/', traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'url')), 'm3u8 type', default=None)
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'live_status': {
-                'video': 'is_live',
-                'dvr': 'was_live',  # short-term archives
-            }.get(m3u8_type, 'not_live'),  # VOD or long-term archives
-        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py
index 07f249498..b2fe7494b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ class PinterestBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _call_api(self, resource, video_id, options):
         return self._download_json(
             f'https://www.pinterest.com/resource/{resource}Resource/get/',
-            video_id, f'Download {resource} JSON metadata', query={
-                'data': json.dumps({'options': options}),
-            })['resource_response']
+            video_id, f'Download {resource} JSON metadata',
+            query={'data': json.dumps({'options': options})},
+            headers={'X-Pinterest-PWS-Handler': 'www/[username].js'})['resource_response']
 
     def _extract_video(self, data, extract_formats=True):
         video_id = data['id']
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def _extract_video(self, data, extract_formats=True):
 
 
 class PinterestIE(PinterestBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = rf'{PinterestBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}/pin/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'{PinterestBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}/pin/(?:[\w-]+--)?(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         # formats found in data['videos']
         'url': 'https://www.pinterest.com/pin/664281013778109217/',
@@ -174,6 +174,25 @@ class PinterestIE(PinterestBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://co.pinterest.com/pin/824721750502199491/',
         'only_matching': True,
+    },
+        {
+        'url': 'https://pinterest.com/pin/dive-into-serenity-blue-lagoon-pedi-nails-for-a-tranquil-and-refreshing-spa-experience-video-in-2024--2885187256207927',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2885187256207927',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Dive into Serenity: Blue Lagoon Pedi Nails for a Tranquil and Refreshing Spa Experience! 💙💅',
+            'description': 'md5:5da41c767d2317e42e49b663b0b2150f',
+            'uploader': 'Glamour Artistry |Everyday Outfits, Luxury Fashion & Nail Designs',
+            'uploader_id': '1142999717836434688',
+            'upload_date': '20240702',
+            'timestamp': 1719939156,
+            'duration': 7.967,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'categories': 'count:9',
+            'tags': ['#BlueLagoonPediNails', '#SpaExperience'],
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/piramidetv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/piramidetv.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..29afa9b46
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/piramidetv.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import parse_iso8601, smuggle_url, unsmuggle_url, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class PiramideTVIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://piramide\.tv/video/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://piramide.tv/video/wWtBAORdJUTh',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'wWtBAORdJUTh',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:79f9c8183ea6a35c836923142cf0abcc',
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/W86PgQDn/thumbnails/B9gpIxkH.jpg',
+            'channel': 'León Picarón',
+            'channel_id': 'leonpicaron',
+            'timestamp': 1696460362,
+            'upload_date': '20231004',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://piramide.tv/video/wcYn6li79NgN',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'wcYn6li79NgN',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'ACEPTO TENER UN BEBE CON MI NOVIA\u2026? | Parte 1',
+            'description': '',
+            'channel': 'ARTA GAME',
+            'channel_id': 'arta_game',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/cnEdGp5X/thumbnails/rHAaWfP7.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1703434976,
+            'upload_date': '20231224',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_video(self, video_id):
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://hermes.piramide.tv/video/data/{video_id}', video_id, fatal=False)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+            f'https://cdn.piramide.tv/video/{video_id}/manifest.m3u8', video_id, fatal=False)
+        next_video = traverse_obj(video_data, ('video', 'next_video', 'id', {str}))
+        return next_video, {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, ('video', {
+                'id': ('id', {str}),
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('media', 'thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+                'channel': ('channel', 'name', {str}),
+                'channel_id': ('channel', 'id', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('date', {parse_iso8601}),
+            })),
+        }
+
+    def _entries(self, video_id):
+        visited = set()
+        while True:
+            visited.add(video_id)
+            next_video, info = self._extract_video(video_id)
+            yield info
+            if not next_video or next_video in visited:
+                break
+            video_id = next_video
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        if self._yes_playlist(video_id, video_id, smuggled_data):
+            return self.playlist_result(self._entries(video_id), video_id)
+        return self._extract_video(video_id)[1]
+
+
+class PiramideTVChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://piramide\.tv/channel/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://piramide.tv/channel/thekalo',
+        'playlist_mincount': 10,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'thekalo',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, channel_name):
+        videos = self._download_json(
+            f'https://hermes.piramide.tv/channel/list/{channel_name}/date/100000', channel_name)
+        for video in traverse_obj(videos, ('videos', lambda _, v: v['id'])):
+            yield self.url_result(smuggle_url(
+                f'https://piramide.tv/video/{video["id"]}', {'force_noplaylist': True}),
+                **traverse_obj(video, {
+                    'id': ('id', {str}),
+                    'title': ('title', {str}),
+                    'description': ('description', {str}),
+                }))
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        channel_name = self._match_id(url)
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(channel_name), channel_name)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pixivsketch.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pixivsketch.py
index 344cdb3d0..50b7af535 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pixivsketch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pixivsketch.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     traverse_obj,
@@ -110,8 +111,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if not traverse_obj(data, 'is_broadcasting'):
             try:
                 self._call_api(user_id, 'users/current.json', url, 'Investigating reason for request failure')
-            except ExtractorError as ex:
-                if ex.cause and ex.cause.code == 401:
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
                     self.raise_login_required(f'Please log in, or use direct link like https://sketch.pixiv.net/@{user_id}/1234567890', method='cookies')
             raise ExtractorError('This user is offline', expected=True)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
index 905f8fc2f..59231d840 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+import base64
+import hashlib
 import json
+import uuid
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -142,39 +145,73 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
             id
             url
         }'''
-    _LOGIN_BASE_URL = 'https://login.srgssr.ch/srgssrlogin.onmicrosoft.com'
-    _LOGIN_PATH = 'B2C_1A__SignInV2'
+    _CLIENT_ID = '1e33f1bf-8bf3-45e4-bbd9-c9ad934b5fca'
+    _LOGIN_BASE = 'https://account.srgssr.ch'
     _ID_TOKEN = None
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        login_page = self._download_webpage(
-            'https://www.playsuisse.ch/api/sso/login', None, note='Downloading login page',
-            query={'x': 'x', 'locale': 'de', 'redirectUrl': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/'})
-        settings = self._search_json(r'var\s+SETTINGS\s*=', login_page, 'settings', None)
+        code_verifier = uuid.uuid4().hex + uuid.uuid4().hex + uuid.uuid4().hex
+        code_challenge = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(
+            hashlib.sha256(code_verifier.encode()).digest()).decode().rstrip('=')
 
-        csrf_token = settings['csrf']
-        query = {'tx': settings['transId'], 'p': self._LOGIN_PATH}
+        request_id = parse_qs(self._request_webpage(
+            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/authz-srv/authz', None, 'Requesting session ID', query={
+                'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                'redirect_uri': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/auth',
+                'scope': 'email profile openid offline_access',
+                'response_type': 'code',
+                'code_challenge': code_challenge,
+                'code_challenge_method': 'S256',
+                'view_type': 'login',
+            }).url)['requestId'][0]
 
-        status = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE_URL}/{self._LOGIN_PATH}/SelfAsserted', None, 'Logging in',
-            query=query, headers={'X-CSRF-TOKEN': csrf_token}, data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'request_type': 'RESPONSE',
-                'signInName': username,
-                'password': password,
-            }), expected_status=400), ('status', {int_or_none}))
-        if status == 400:
-            raise ExtractorError('Invalid username or password', expected=True)
+        try:
+            exchange_id = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/verification-srv/v2/authenticate/initiate/password', None,
+                'Submitting username', headers={'content-type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps({
+                    'usage_type': 'INITIAL_AUTHENTICATION',
+                    'request_id': request_id,
+                    'medium_id': 'PASSWORD',
+                    'type': 'password',
+                    'identifier': username,
+                }).encode())['data']['exchange_id']['exchange_id']
+        except ExtractorError:
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid username', expected=True)
 
-        urlh = self._request_webpage(
-            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE_URL}/{self._LOGIN_PATH}/api/CombinedSigninAndSignup/confirmed',
-            None, 'Downloading ID token', query={
-                'rememberMe': 'false',
-                'csrf_token': csrf_token,
-                **query,
-                'diags': '',
-            })
+        try:
+            login_data = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/verification-srv/v2/authenticate/authenticate/password', None,
+                'Submitting password', headers={'content-type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps({
+                    'requestId': request_id,
+                    'exchange_id': exchange_id,
+                    'type': 'password',
+                    'password': password,
+                }).encode())['data']
+        except ExtractorError:
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid password', expected=True)
+
+        authorization_code = parse_qs(self._request_webpage(
+            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/login-srv/verification/login', None, 'Logging in',
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'requestId': request_id,
+                'exchange_id': login_data['exchange_id']['exchange_id'],
+                'verificationType': 'password',
+                'sub': login_data['sub'],
+                'status_id': login_data['status_id'],
+                'rememberMe': True,
+                'lat': '',
+                'lon': '',
+            })).url)['code'][0]
+
+        self._ID_TOKEN = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/proxy/token', None, 'Downloading token', data=b'', query={
+                'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                'redirect_uri': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/auth',
+                'code': authorization_code,
+                'code_verifier': code_verifier,
+                'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
+            })['id_token']
 
-        self._ID_TOKEN = traverse_obj(parse_qs(urlh.url), ('id_token', 0))
         if not self._ID_TOKEN:
             raise ExtractorError('Login failed')
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/plvideo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/plvideo.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..27009ca4c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/plvideo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    float_or_none,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_resolution,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class PlVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'Платформа'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?plvideo\.ru/(?:watch\?(?:[^#]+&)?v=|shorts/)(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://plvideo.ru/watch?v=Y5JzUzkcQTMK',
+        'md5': 'fe8e18aca892b3b31f3bf492169f8a26',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'Y5JzUzkcQTMK',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.plvideo.ru/images/fp-2024-images/v/cover/37/dd/37dd00a4c96c77436ab737e85947abd7/original663a4a3bb713e5.33151959.jpg',
+            'title': 'Presidente de Cuba llega a Moscú en una visita de trabajo',
+            'channel': 'RT en Español',
+            'channel_id': 'ZH4EKqunVDvo',
+            'media_type': 'video',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'tags': ['rusia', 'cuba', 'russia', 'miguel díaz-canel'],
+            'description': 'md5:a1a395d900d77a86542a91ee0826c115',
+            'release_timestamp': 1715096124,
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1715095911,
+            'duration': 44320,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20240507',
+            'modified_date': '20240701',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1719824073,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://plvideo.ru/shorts/S3Uo9c-VLwFX',
+        'md5': '7d8fa2279406c69d2fd2a6fc548a9805',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'S3Uo9c-VLwFX',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'channel': 'Romaatom',
+            'tags': 'count:22',
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20241130',
+            'description': 'md5:452e6de219bf2f32bb95806c51c3b364',
+            'duration': 58433,
+            'modified_date': '20241130',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.plvideo.ru/images/fp-2024-11-cover/S3Uo9c-VLwFX/f9318999-a941-482b-b700-2102a7049366.jpg',
+            'media_type': 'shorts',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1732961458,
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'channel_id': 'erJyyTIbmUd1',
+            'timestamp': 1732961355,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'title': 'Белоусов отменил приказы о кадровом резерве на гражданской службе',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'release_timestamp': 1732961458,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api.g1.plvideo.ru/v1/videos/{video_id}?Aud=18', video_id)
+
+        is_live = False
+        formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
+        automatic_captions = {}
+        for quality, data in traverse_obj(video_data, ('item', 'profiles', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]['hls']))):
+            formats.append({
+                'format_id': quality,
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
+                **traverse_obj(data, {
+                    'url': 'hls',
+                    'fps': ('fps', {float_or_none}),
+                    'aspect_ratio': ('aspectRatio', {float_or_none}),
+                }),
+                **parse_resolution(quality),
+            })
+        if livestream_url := traverse_obj(video_data, ('item', 'livestream', 'url', {url_or_none})):
+            is_live = True
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(livestream_url, video_id, 'mp4', live=True))
+        for lang, url in traverse_obj(video_data, ('item', 'subtitles', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]))):
+            if lang.endswith('-auto'):
+                automatic_captions.setdefault(lang[:-5], []).append({
+                    'url': url,
+                })
+            else:
+                subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append({
+                    'url': url,
+                })
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'automatic_captions': automatic_captions,
+            'is_live': is_live,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, ('item', {
+                'id': ('id', {str}),
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('cover', 'paths', 'original', 'src', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('uploadFile', 'videoDuration', {int_or_none}),
+                'channel': ('channel', 'name', {str}),
+                'channel_id': ('channel', 'id', {str}),
+                'channel_follower_count': ('channel', 'stats', 'subscribers', {int_or_none}),
+                'channel_is_verified': ('channel', 'verified', {bool}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdAt', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('publishedAt', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('updatedAt', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'view_count': ('stats', 'viewTotalCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('stats', 'likeCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'dislike_count': ('stats', 'dislikeCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('stats', 'commentCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'media_type': ('type', {str}),
+            })),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pokemon.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pokemon.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 1769684f7..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pokemon.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    extract_attributes,
-    int_or_none,
-    js_to_json,
-    merge_dicts,
-)
-
-
-class PokemonIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?pokemon\.com/[a-z]{2}(?:.*?play=(?P<id>[a-z0-9]{32})|/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<display_id>[^/?#&]+))'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.pokemon.com/us/pokemon-episodes/20_30-the-ol-raise-and-switch/',
-        'md5': '2fe8eaec69768b25ef898cda9c43062e',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'afe22e30f01c41f49d4f1d9eab5cd9a4',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The Ol’ Raise and Switch!',
-            'description': 'md5:7db77f7107f98ba88401d3adc80ff7af',
-        },
-        'add_id': ['LimelightMedia'],
-    }, {
-        # no data-video-title
-        'url': 'https://www.pokemon.com/fr/episodes-pokemon/films-pokemon/pokemon-lascension-de-darkrai-2008',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'dfbaf830d7e54e179837c50c0c6cc0e1',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Pokémon : L'ascension de Darkrai",
-            'description': 'md5:d1dbc9e206070c3e14a06ff557659fb5',
-        },
-        'add_id': ['LimelightMedia'],
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.pokemon.com/uk/pokemon-episodes/?play=2e8b5c761f1d4a9286165d7748c1ece2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.pokemon.com/fr/episodes-pokemon/18_09-un-hiver-inattendu/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.pokemon.com/de/pokemon-folgen/01_20-bye-bye-smettbo/',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id or display_id)
-        video_data = extract_attributes(self._search_regex(
-            r'(<[^>]+data-video-id="{}"[^>]*>)'.format(video_id if video_id else '[a-z0-9]{32}'),
-            webpage, 'video data element'))
-        video_id = video_data['data-video-id']
-        title = video_data.get('data-video-title') or self._html_search_meta(
-            'pkm-title', webpage, ' title', default=None) or self._search_regex(
-            r'<h1[^>]+\bclass=["\']us-title[^>]+>([^<]+)', webpage, 'title')
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'id': video_id,
-            'url': f'limelight:media:{video_id}',
-            'title': title,
-            'description': video_data.get('data-video-summary'),
-            'thumbnail': video_data.get('data-video-poster'),
-            'series': 'Pokémon',
-            'season_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('data-video-season')),
-            'episode': title,
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('data-video-episode')),
-            'ie_key': 'LimelightMedia',
-        }
-
-
-class PokemonWatchIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://watch\.pokemon\.com/[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2}/(?:#/)?player(?:\.html)?\?id=(?P<id>[a-z0-9]{32})'
-    _API_URL = 'https://www.pokemon.com/api/pokemontv/v2/channels/{0:}'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://watch.pokemon.com/en-us/player.html?id=8309a40969894a8e8d5bc1311e9c5667',
-        'md5': '62833938a31e61ab49ada92f524c42ff',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '8309a40969894a8e8d5bc1311e9c5667',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Lillier and the Staff!',
-            'description': 'md5:338841b8c21b283d24bdc9b568849f04',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://watch.pokemon.com/en-us/#/player?id=3fe7752ba09141f0b0f7756d1981c6b2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://watch.pokemon.com/de-de/player.html?id=b3c402e111a4459eb47e12160ab0ba07',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _extract_media(self, channel_array, video_id):
-        for channel in channel_array:
-            for media in channel.get('media'):
-                if media.get('id') == video_id:
-                    return media
-        return None
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        info = {
-            '_type': 'url',
-            'id': video_id,
-            'url': f'limelight:media:{video_id}',
-            'ie_key': 'LimelightMedia',
-        }
-
-        # API call can be avoided entirely if we are listing formats
-        if self.get_param('listformats', False):
-            return info
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        build_vars = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'(?s)buildVars\s*=\s*({.*?})', webpage, 'build vars'),
-            video_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
-        region = build_vars.get('region')
-        channel_array = self._download_json(self._API_URL.format(region), video_id)
-        video_data = self._extract_media(channel_array, video_id)
-
-        if video_data is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Video {video_id} does not exist', expected=True)
-
-        info['_type'] = 'url_transparent'
-        images = video_data.get('images')
-
-        return merge_dicts(info, {
-            'title': video_data.get('title'),
-            'description': video_data.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': images.get('medium') or images.get('small'),
-            'series': 'Pokémon',
-            'season_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('season')),
-            'episode': video_data.get('title'),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(video_data.get('episode')),
-        })
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py
index 6fb21e156..9d0496bdf 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/polskieradio.py
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 )
 
 
-class PolskieRadioBaseExtractor(InfoExtractor):
+class PolskieRadioBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _extract_webpage_player_entries(self, webpage, playlist_id, base_data):
         media_urls = set()
 
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ def _extract_webpage_player_entries(self, webpage, playlist_id, base_data):
             yield entry
 
 
-class PolskieRadioLegacyIE(PolskieRadioBaseExtractor):
+class PolskieRadioLegacyIE(PolskieRadioBaseIE):
     # legacy sites
     IE_NAME = 'polskieradio:legacy'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?polskieradio(?:24)?\.pl/\d+/\d+/[Aa]rtykul/(?P<id>\d+)'
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, title, description)
 
 
-class PolskieRadioIE(PolskieRadioBaseExtractor):
+class PolskieRadioIE(PolskieRadioBaseIE):
     # new next.js sites
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/]+\.)?(?:polskieradio(?:24)?|radiokierowcow)\.pl/artykul/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -519,7 +519,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class PolskieRadioPodcastBaseExtractor(InfoExtractor):
+class PolskieRadioPodcastBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_BASE = 'https://apipodcasts.polskieradio.pl/api'
 
     def _parse_episode(self, data):
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ def _parse_episode(self, data):
         }
 
 
-class PolskieRadioPodcastListIE(PolskieRadioPodcastBaseExtractor):
+class PolskieRadioPodcastListIE(PolskieRadioPodcastBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'polskieradio:podcast:list'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://podcasty\.polskieradio\.pl/podcast/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@ def get_page(page_num):
         }
 
 
-class PolskieRadioPodcastIE(PolskieRadioPodcastBaseExtractor):
+class PolskieRadioPodcastIE(PolskieRadioPodcastBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'polskieradio:podcast'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://podcasty\.polskieradio\.pl/track/(?P<id>[a-f\d]{8}(?:-[a-f\d]{4}){4}[a-f\d]{8})'
     _TESTS = [{
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
index e15244dac..0996e4d97 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornbox.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import functools
 from ..utils import (
     int_or_none,
     parse_duration,
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         get_quality = qualities(['web', 'vga', 'hd', '1080p', '4k', '8k'])
         metadata['formats'] = traverse_obj(stream_data, ('qualities', lambda _, v: v['src'], {
             'url': 'src',
-            'vbr': ('bitrate', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+            'vbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'format_id': ('quality', {str_or_none}),
             'quality': ('quality', {get_quality}),
             'width': ('size', {lambda x: int(x[:-1])}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
index 679dc6323..e1e9777e8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pornhub.py
@@ -628,8 +628,7 @@ def is_404(e):
             page_entries = self._extract_entries(webpage, host)
             if not page_entries:
                 break
-            for e in page_entries:
-                yield e
+            yield from page_entries
             if not self._has_more(webpage):
                 break
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
index b0d6475fe..d5d6ecdfd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pr0gramm.py
@@ -198,6 +198,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'dislike_count': ('down', {int}),
                 'timestamp': ('created', {int}),
                 'upload_date': ('created', {int}, {dt.date.fromtimestamp}, {lambda x: x.strftime('%Y%m%d')}),
-                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {lambda x: urljoin('https://thumb.pr0gramm.com', x)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumb', {urljoin('https://thumb.pr0gramm.com')}),
             }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
index 934ebbfd7..4f71657c3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/qdance.py
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ def extract_availability(level):
             'description': ('description', {str.strip}),
             'display_id': ('slug', {str}),
             'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
-            'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+            'duration': ('durationInSeconds', {int_or_none}, filter),
             'availability': ('subscription', 'level', {extract_availability}),
             'is_live': ('type', {lambda x: x.lower() == 'live'}),
             'artist': ('acts', ..., {str}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
index d0238692f..fb46e0d12 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/qqmusic.py
@@ -211,10 +211,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'formats': formats,
             **traverse_obj(info_data, {
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
-                'album': ('album', 'title', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'album': ('album', 'title', {str}, filter),
                 'release_date': ('time_public', {lambda x: x.replace('-', '') or None}),
                 'creators': ('singer', ..., 'name', {str}),
-                'alt_title': ('subtitle', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'alt_title': ('subtitle', {str}, filter),
                 'duration': ('interval', {int_or_none}),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(init_data, ('detail', {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py
index ff2196354..9d9043984 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radiofrance.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 
 class RadioFranceIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://maison\.radiofrance\.fr/radiovisions/(?P<id>[^?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://maison\.radiofrance\.fr/radiovisions/(?P<id>[^?#]+)'
     IE_NAME = 'radiofrance'
 
     _TEST = {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/radioradicale.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/radioradicale.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..472e25c45
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/radioradicale.py
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class RadioRadicaleIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?radioradicale\.it/scheda/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/471591',
+        'md5': 'eb0fbe43a601f1a361cbd00f3c45af4a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '471591',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'md5:e8fbb8de57011a3255db0beca69af73d',
+            'description': 'md5:5e15a789a2fe4d67da8d1366996e89ef',
+            'location': 'Napoli',
+            'duration': 2852.0,
+            'timestamp': 1459987200,
+            'upload_date': '20160407',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.radioradicale.it/photo400/0/0/9/0/1/00901768.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.radioradicale.it/scheda/742783/parlamento-riunito-in-seduta-comune-11a-della-xix-legislatura',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '742783',
+            'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            'description': '-) Votazione per l\'elezione di un giudice della Corte Costituzionale (nono scrutinio)',
+            'location': 'CAMERA',
+            'duration': 5868.0,
+            'timestamp': 1730246400,
+            'upload_date': '20241030',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'md5': 'aa48de55dcc45478e4cd200f299aab7d',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '742783-0',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            },
+        }, {
+            'md5': 'be915c189c70ad2920e5810f32260ff5',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '742783-1',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            },
+        }, {
+            'md5': 'f0ee4047342baf8ed3128a8417ac5e0a',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '742783-2',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Parlamento riunito in seduta comune (11ª della XIX legislatura)',
+            },
+        }],
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, videos_info, page_id):
+        for idx, video in enumerate(traverse_obj(
+                videos_info, ('playlist', lambda _, v: v['sources']))):
+            video_id = f'{page_id}-{idx}'
+            formats = []
+            subtitles = {}
+
+            for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(video, ('sources', ..., 'src', {url_or_none})):
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            for sub in traverse_obj(video, ('subtitles', ..., lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['src']))):
+                self._merge_subtitles({sub.get('srclang') or 'und': [{
+                    'url': sub['src'],
+                    'name': sub.get('label'),
+                }]}, target=subtitles)
+
+            yield {
+                'id': video_id,
+                'title': video.get('title'),
+                'formats': formats,
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
+            }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        page_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)
+
+        videos_info = self._search_json(
+            r'jQuery\.extend\(Drupal\.settings\s*,',
+            webpage, 'videos_info', page_id)['RRscheda']
+
+        entries = list(self._entries(videos_info, page_id))
+
+        common_info = {
+            'id': page_id,
+            'title': self._og_search_title(webpage),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'location': videos_info.get('luogo'),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, page_id),
+        }
+
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **entries[0],
+                **common_info,
+            }
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, multi_video=True, **common_info)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
index bc3e5f7ee..a7a6a75dc 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import json
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@
     int_or_none,
     parse_qs,
     traverse_obj,
+    truncate_string,
     try_get,
     unescapeHTML,
     update_url_query,
@@ -17,7 +19,7 @@
 
 class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'reddit'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<host>(?:\w+\.)?reddit(?:media)?\.com)/(?P<slug>(?:(?:r|user)/[^/]+/)?comments/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?reddit(?:media)?\.com/(?P<slug>(?:(?:r|user)/[^/]+/)?comments/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+))'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/6rrwyj/that_small_heart_attack/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -25,6 +27,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': '6rrwyj',
             'title': 'That small heart attack.',
+            'alt_title': 'That small heart attack.',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
             'thumbnails': 'count:4',
             'timestamp': 1501941939,
@@ -48,7 +51,8 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'gyh95hiqc0b11',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': '90bu6w',
-            'title': 'Heat index was 110 degrees so we offered him a cold drink. He went for a full body soak instead',
+            'title': 'Heat index was 110 degrees so we offered him a cold drink. He went fo...',
+            'alt_title': 'Heat index was 110 degrees so we offered him a cold drink. He went for a full body soak instead',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
             'thumbnails': 'count:7',
             'timestamp': 1532051078,
@@ -68,7 +72,8 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'zasobba6wp071',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': 'nip71r',
-            'title': 'I plan to make more stickers and prints! Check them out on my Etsy! Or get them through my Patreon. Links below.',
+            'title': 'I plan to make more stickers and prints! Check them out on my Etsy! O...',
+            'alt_title': 'I plan to make more stickers and prints! Check them out on my Etsy! Or get them through my Patreon. Links below.',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
             'thumbnails': 'count:5',
             'timestamp': 1621709093,
@@ -90,7 +95,17 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
         'playlist_count': 2,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'wzqkxp',
-            'title': 'md5:72d3d19402aa11eff5bd32fc96369b37',
+            'title': '[Finale] Kamen Rider Revice Episode 50 "Family to the End, Until the ...',
+            'alt_title': '[Finale] Kamen Rider Revice Episode 50 "Family to the End, Until the Day We Meet Again" Discussion',
+            'description': 'md5:5b7deb328062b164b15704c5fd67c335',
+            'uploader': 'TheTwelveYearOld',
+            'channel_id': 'KamenRider',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'timestamp': 1661676059.0,
+            'upload_date': '20220828',
         },
     }, {
         # crossposted reddit-hosted media
@@ -101,6 +116,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': 'zjjw82',
             'title': 'Cringe',
+            'alt_title': 'Cringe',
             'uploader': 'Otaku-senpai69420',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
             'upload_date': '20221212',
@@ -121,6 +137,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': '124pp33',
             'title': 'Harmless prank of some old friends',
+            'alt_title': 'Harmless prank of some old friends',
             'uploader': 'Dudezila',
             'channel_id': 'ContagiousLaughter',
             'duration': 17,
@@ -141,6 +158,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': '12fujy3',
             'title': 'Based Hasan?',
+            'alt_title': 'Based Hasan?',
             'uploader': 'KingNigelXLII',
             'channel_id': 'GenZedong',
             'duration': 16,
@@ -160,6 +178,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': '1cl9h0u',
             'title': 'The insurance claim will be interesting',
+            'alt_title': 'The insurance claim will be interesting',
             'uploader': 'darrenpauli',
             'channel_id': 'Unexpected',
             'duration': 53,
@@ -182,6 +201,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': '1cxwzso',
             'title': 'Tottenham [1] - 0 Newcastle United - James Maddison 31\'',
+            'alt_title': 'Tottenham [1] - 0 Newcastle United - James Maddison 31\'',
             'uploader': 'Woodstovia',
             'channel_id': 'soccer',
             'duration': 30,
@@ -197,6 +217,26 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
             'skip_download': True,
             'writesubtitles': True,
         },
+    }, {
+        # "gated" subreddit post
+        'url': 'https://old.reddit.com/r/ketamine/comments/degtjo/when_the_k_hits/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'gqsbxts133r31',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'degtjo',
+            'title': 'When the K hits',
+            'alt_title': 'When the K hits',
+            'uploader': '[deleted]',
+            'channel_id': 'ketamine',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'duration': 34,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.(?:jpg|png)',
+            'timestamp': 1570438713.0,
+            'upload_date': '20191007',
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.reddit.com/r/videos/comments/6rrwyj',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -244,6 +284,15 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         elif not traverse_obj(login, ('json', 'data', 'cookie', {str})):
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to login, no cookie was returned')
 
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        # Set cookie to opt-in to age-restricted subreddits
+        self._set_cookie('reddit.com', 'over18', '1')
+        # Set cookie to opt-in to "gated" subreddits
+        options = traverse_obj(self._get_cookies('https://www.reddit.com/'), (
+            '_options', 'value', {urllib.parse.unquote}, {json.loads}, {dict})) or {}
+        options['pref_gated_sr_optin'] = True
+        self._set_cookie('reddit.com', '_options', urllib.parse.quote(json.dumps(options)))
+
     def _get_subtitles(self, video_id):
         # Fallback if there were no subtitles provided by DASH or HLS manifests
         caption_url = f'https://v.redd.it/{video_id}/wh_ben_en.vtt'
@@ -251,15 +300,17 @@ def _get_subtitles(self, video_id):
             return {'en': [{'url': caption_url}]}
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        host, slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('host', 'slug', 'id')
+        slug, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('slug', 'id')
 
-        data = self._download_json(
-            f'https://{host}/{slug}/.json', video_id, fatal=False, expected_status=403)
-        if not data:
-            fallback_host = 'old.reddit.com' if host != 'old.reddit.com' else 'www.reddit.com'
-            self.to_screen(f'{host} request failed, retrying with {fallback_host}')
+        try:
             data = self._download_json(
-                f'https://{fallback_host}/{slug}/.json', video_id, expected_status=403)
+                f'https://www.reddit.com/{slug}/.json', video_id, expected_status=403)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, json.JSONDecodeError):
+                if self._get_cookies('https://www.reddit.com/').get('reddit_session'):
+                    raise ExtractorError('Your IP address is unable to access the Reddit API', expected=True)
+                self.raise_login_required('Account authentication is required')
+            raise
 
         if traverse_obj(data, 'error') == 403:
             reason = data.get('reason')
@@ -273,14 +324,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         data = data[0]['data']['children'][0]['data']
         video_url = data['url']
 
-        over_18 = data.get('over_18')
-        if over_18 is True:
-            age_limit = 18
-        elif over_18 is False:
-            age_limit = 0
-        else:
-            age_limit = None
-
         thumbnails = []
 
         def add_thumbnail(src):
@@ -306,15 +349,19 @@ def add_thumbnail(src):
                     add_thumbnail(resolution)
 
         info = {
-            'title': data.get('title'),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(data.get('created_utc')),
-            'uploader': data.get('author'),
-            'channel_id': data.get('subreddit'),
-            'like_count': int_or_none(data.get('ups')),
-            'dislike_count': int_or_none(data.get('downs')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(data.get('num_comments')),
-            'age_limit': age_limit,
+            'age_limit': {True: 18, False: 0}.get(data.get('over_18')),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {truncate_string(left=72)}),
+                'alt_title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('selftext', {str}, filter),
+                'timestamp': ('created_utc', {float_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('author', {str}),
+                'channel_id': ('subreddit', {str}),
+                'like_count': ('ups', {int_or_none}),
+                'dislike_count': ('downs', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('num_comments', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
         }
 
         parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(video_url)
@@ -340,7 +387,7 @@ def add_thumbnail(src):
                         **info,
                     })
             if entries:
-                return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, info.get('title'))
+                return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, **info)
             raise ExtractorError('No media found', expected=True)
 
         # Check if media is hosted on reddit:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py
index 7cb91eea4..5ae09a096 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/redge.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
@@ -118,7 +117,7 @@ def livx_mode(mode):
 
         time_scale = traverse_obj(ism_doc, ('@TimeScale', {int_or_none})) or 10000000
         duration = traverse_obj(
-            ism_doc, ('@Duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=time_scale)})) or None
+            ism_doc, ('@Duration', {float_or_none(scale=time_scale)})) or None
 
         live_status = None
         if traverse_obj(ism_doc, '@IsLive') == 'TRUE':
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
index 50138ab12..cd3cd323e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/redgifs.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 )
 
 
-class RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
+class RedGifsBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _FORMATS = {
         'gif': 250,
         'sd': 480,
@@ -113,8 +113,8 @@ def _paged_entries(self, ep, item_id, query, fields):
         return page_fetcher(page) if page else OnDemandPagedList(page_fetcher, self._PAGE_SIZE)
 
 
-class RedGifsIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www\.)?redgifs\.com/watch/|thumbs2\.redgifs\.com/)(?P<id>[^-/?#\.]+)'
+class RedGifsIE(RedGifsBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www\.)?redgifs\.com/(?:watch|ifr)/|thumbs2\.redgifs\.com/)(?P<id>[^-/?#\.]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/watch/squeakyhelplesswisent',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -147,6 +147,22 @@ class RedGifsIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
             'age_limit': 18,
             'tags': list,
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/ifr/squeakyhelplesswisent',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'squeakyhelplesswisent',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Hotwife Legs Thick',
+            'timestamp': 1636287915,
+            'upload_date': '20211107',
+            'uploader': 'ignored52',
+            'duration': 16,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'categories': list,
+            'age_limit': 18,
+            'tags': list,
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -156,7 +172,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self._parse_gif_data(video_info['gif'])
 
 
-class RedGifsSearchIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
+class RedGifsSearchIE(RedGifsBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Redgifs search'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?redgifs\.com/browse\?(?P<query>[^#]+)'
     _PAGE_SIZE = 80
@@ -210,10 +226,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             entries, query_str, tags, f'RedGifs search for {tags}, ordered by {order}')
 
 
-class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
+class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Redgifs user'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?redgifs\.com/users/(?P<username>[^/?#]+)(?:\?(?P<query>[^#]+))?'
-    _PAGE_SIZE = 30
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 80
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/lamsinka89',
@@ -222,7 +238,7 @@ class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'lamsinka89',
                 'description': 'RedGifs user lamsinka89, ordered by recent',
             },
-            'playlist_mincount': 100,
+            'playlist_mincount': 391,
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/lamsinka89?page=3',
@@ -231,7 +247,7 @@ class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'lamsinka89',
                 'description': 'RedGifs user lamsinka89, ordered by recent',
             },
-            'playlist_count': 30,
+            'playlist_count': 80,
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/lamsinka89?order=best&type=g',
@@ -240,7 +256,17 @@ class RedGifsUserIE(RedGifsBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'lamsinka89',
                 'description': 'RedGifs user lamsinka89, ordered by best',
             },
-            'playlist_mincount': 100,
+            'playlist_mincount': 391,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.redgifs.com/users/ignored52',
+            'note': 'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/7382',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'ignored52',
+                'title': 'ignored52',
+                'description': 'RedGifs user ignored52, ordered by recent',
+            },
+            'playlist_mincount': 121,
         },
     ]
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/roya.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/roya.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e9fe304ee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/roya.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class RoyaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://roya\.tv/live-stream/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://roya.tv/live-stream/1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1',
+            'title': r're:Roya TV \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://roya.tv/live-stream/21',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '21',
+            'title': r're:Roya News \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://roya.tv/live-stream/10000',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        media_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        stream_url = self._download_json(
+            f'https://ticket.roya-tv.com/api/v5/fastchannel/{media_id}', media_id)['data']['secured_url']
+
+        title = traverse_obj(
+            self._download_json('https://backend.roya.tv/api/v01/channels/schedule-pagination', media_id, fatal=False),
+            ('data', 0, 'channel', lambda _, v: str(v['id']) == media_id, 'title', {str}, any))
+
+        return {
+            'id': media_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(stream_url, media_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=True),
+            'title': title,
+            'is_live': True,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py
index 944e8636a..03e985940 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py
@@ -3,12 +3,20 @@
 import re
 import urllib.parse
 
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import js_to_json
+from .common import InfoExtractor, Request
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class RTPIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtp\.pt/play/p(?P<program_id>[0-9]+)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtp\.pt/play/(?:[^/#?]+/)?p(?P<program_id>\d+)/(?P<id>e\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.rtp.pt/play/p405/e174042/paixoes-cruzadas',
         'md5': 'e736ce0c665e459ddb818546220b4ef8',
@@ -16,83 +24,173 @@ class RTPIE(InfoExtractor):
             'id': 'e174042',
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'Paixões Cruzadas',
-            'description': 'As paixões musicais de António Cartaxo e António Macedo',
+            'description': 'md5:af979e58ba0ab73f78435fc943fdb070',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'series': 'Paixões Cruzadas',
+            'duration': 2950.0,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1553693464,
+            'modified_date': '20190327',
+            'timestamp': 1417219200,
+            'upload_date': '20141129',
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.rtp.pt/play/p831/a-quimica-das-coisas',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://www.rtp.pt/play/zigzag/p13166/e757904/25-curiosidades-25-de-abril',
+        'md5': '5b4859940e3adef61247a77dfb76046a',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e757904',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Estudar ou não estudar',
+            'description': 'md5:3bfd7eb8bebfd5711a08df69c9c14c35',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1711958401,
+            'duration': 146.0,
+            'upload_date': '20240401',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1712242991,
+            'series': '25 Curiosidades, 25 de Abril',
+            'episode_number': 2,
+            'episode': 'Estudar ou não estudar',
+            'modified_date': '20240404',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Episode not accessible through API
+        'url': 'https://www.rtp.pt/play/estudoemcasa/p7776/e500050/portugues-1-ano',
+        'md5': '57660c0b46db9f22118c52cbd65975e4',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e500050',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Português - 1.º ano',
+            'duration': 1669.0,
+            'description': 'md5:be68925c81269f8c6886589f25fe83ea',
+            'upload_date': '20201020',
+            'timestamp': 1603180799,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-images.rtp.pt/EPG/imagens/39482_59449_64850.png?v=3&w=860',
+        },
     }]
 
+    _USER_AGENT = 'rtpplay/2.0.66 (pt.rtp.rtpplay; build:2066; iOS 15.8.3) Alamofire/5.9.1'
+    _AUTH_TOKEN = None
+
+    def _fetch_auth_token(self):
+        if self._AUTH_TOKEN:
+            return self._AUTH_TOKEN
+        self._AUTH_TOKEN = traverse_obj(self._download_json(Request(
+            'https://rtpplayapi.rtp.pt/play/api/2/token-manager',
+            headers={
+                'Accept': '*/*',
+                'rtp-play-auth': 'RTPPLAY_MOBILE_IOS',
+                'rtp-play-auth-hash': 'fac9c328b2f27e26e03d7f8942d66c05b3e59371e16c2a079f5c83cc801bd3ee',
+                'rtp-play-auth-timestamp': '2145973229682',
+                'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+            }, extensions={'keep_header_casing': True}), None,
+            note='Fetching guest auth token', errnote='Could not fetch guest auth token',
+            fatal=False), ('token', 'token', {str}))
+        return self._AUTH_TOKEN
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _cleanup_media_url(url):
+        if urllib.parse.urlparse(url).netloc == 'streaming-ondemand.rtp.pt':
+            return None
+        return url.replace('/drm-fps/', '/hls/').replace('/drm-dash/', '/dash/')
+
+    def _extract_formats(self, media_urls, episode_id):
+        formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
+        for media_url in set(traverse_obj(media_urls, (..., {url_or_none}, {self._cleanup_media_url}))):
+            ext = determine_ext(media_url)
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    media_url, episode_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            elif ext == 'mpd':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    media_url, episode_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': media_url,
+                    'format_id': 'http',
+                })
+        return formats, subtitles
+
+    def _extract_from_api(self, program_id, episode_id):
+        auth_token = self._fetch_auth_token()
+        if not auth_token:
+            return
+        episode_data = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.rtp.pt/play/api/1/get-episode/{program_id}/{episode_id[1:]}', episode_id,
+            query={'include_assets': 'true', 'include_webparams': 'true'},
+            headers={
+                'Accept': '*/*',
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {auth_token}',
+                'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+            }, fatal=False), 'result', {dict})
+        if not episode_data:
+            return
+        asset_urls = traverse_obj(episode_data, ('assets', 0, 'asset_url', {dict}))
+        media_urls = traverse_obj(asset_urls, (
+            ((('hls', 'dash'), 'stream_url'), ('multibitrate', ('url_hls', 'url_dash'))),))
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats(media_urls, episode_id)
+
+        for sub_data in traverse_obj(asset_urls, ('subtitles', 'vtt_list', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['file']))):
+            subtitles.setdefault(sub_data.get('code') or 'pt', []).append({
+                'url': sub_data['file'],
+                'name': sub_data.get('language'),
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': episode_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(episode_data, ('assets', 0, 'asset_thumbnail', {url_or_none})),
+            **traverse_obj(episode_data, ('episode', {
+                'title': (('episode_title', 'program_title'), {str}, filter, any),
+                'alt_title': ('episode_subtitle', {str}, filter),
+                'description': (('episode_description', 'episode_summary'), {str}, filter, any),
+                'timestamp': ('episode_air_date', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('episode_lastchanged', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+                'duration': ('episode_duration_complete', {parse_duration}),
+                'episode': ('episode_title', {str}, filter),
+                'episode_number': ('episode_number', {int_or_none}),
+                'season': ('program_season', {str}, filter),
+                'series': ('program_title', {str}, filter),
+            })),
+        }
+
     _RX_OBFUSCATION = re.compile(r'''(?xs)
         atob\s*\(\s*decodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*
             (\[[0-9A-Za-z%,'"]*\])
         \s*\.\s*join\(\s*(?:""|'')\s*\)\s*\)\s*\)
     ''')
 
-    def __unobfuscate(self, data, *, video_id):
-        if data.startswith('{'):
-            data = self._RX_OBFUSCATION.sub(
-                lambda m: json.dumps(
-                    base64.b64decode(urllib.parse.unquote(
-                        ''.join(self._parse_json(m.group(1), video_id)),
-                    )).decode('iso-8859-1')),
-                data)
-        return js_to_json(data)
+    def __unobfuscate(self, data):
+        return self._RX_OBFUSCATION.sub(
+            lambda m: json.dumps(
+                base64.b64decode(urllib.parse.unquote(
+                    ''.join(json.loads(m.group(1))),
+                )).decode('iso-8859-1')),
+            data)
 
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        title = self._html_search_meta(
-            'twitter:title', webpage, display_name='title', fatal=True)
-
-        f, config = self._search_regex(
-            r'''(?sx)
-                var\s+f\s*=\s*(?P<f>".*?"|{[^;]+?});\s*
-                var\s+player1\s+=\s+new\s+RTPPlayer\s*\((?P<config>{(?:(?!\*/).)+?})\);(?!\s*\*/)
-            ''', webpage,
-            'player config', group=('f', 'config'))
-
-        f = self._parse_json(
-            f, video_id,
-            lambda data: self.__unobfuscate(data, video_id=video_id))
-        config = self._parse_json(
-            config, video_id,
-            lambda data: self.__unobfuscate(data, video_id=video_id))
+    def _extract_from_html(self, url, episode_id):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, episode_id)
 
         formats = []
-        if isinstance(f, dict):
-            f_hls = f.get('hls')
-            if f_hls is not None:
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    f_hls, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls'))
-
-            f_dash = f.get('dash')
-            if f_dash is not None:
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(f_dash, video_id, mpd_id='dash'))
-        else:
-            formats.append({
-                'format_id': 'f',
-                'url': f,
-                'vcodec': 'none' if config.get('mediaType') == 'audio' else None,
-            })
-
         subtitles = {}
-
-        vtt = config.get('vtt')
-        if vtt is not None:
-            for lcode, lname, url in vtt:
-                subtitles.setdefault(lcode, []).append({
-                    'name': lname,
-                    'url': url,
-                })
+        media_urls = traverse_obj(re.findall(r'(?:var\s+f\s*=|RTPPlayer\({[^}]+file:)\s*({[^}]+}|"[^"]+")', webpage), (
+            -1, (({self.__unobfuscate}, {js_to_json}, {json.loads}, {dict.values}, ...), {json.loads})))
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats(media_urls, episode_id)
 
         return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'id': episode_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'description': self._html_search_meta(['description', 'twitter:description'], webpage),
-            'thumbnail': config.get('poster') or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'description': self._html_search_meta(['og:description', 'twitter:description'], webpage, default=None),
+            'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'], webpage, default=None),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, episode_id, default={}),
+            'title': self._html_search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage, default=None),
         }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        program_id, episode_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('program_id', 'id')
+        return self._extract_from_api(program_id, episode_id) or self._extract_from_html(url, episode_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvs.py
index 927da5778..fcbc88a9f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvs.py
@@ -9,7 +9,9 @@
 
 
 class RTVSIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtvs\.sk/(?:radio|televizia)/archiv(?:/\d+)?/(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
+    IE_NAME = 'stvr'
+    IE_DESC = 'Slovak Television and Radio (formerly RTVS)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:rtvs|stvr)\.sk/(?:radio|televizia)/archiv(?:/\d+)?/(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         # radio archive
         'url': 'http://www.rtvs.sk/radio/archiv/11224/414872',
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ class RTVSIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp3',
             'title': 'Ostrov pokladov 1 časť.mp3',
             'duration': 2854,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.rtvs.sk/media/a501/image/file/2/0000/b1R8.rtvs.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.stvr.sk/media/a501/image/file/2/0000/rtvs-00009383.png',
             'display_id': '135331',
         },
     }, {
@@ -30,7 +32,7 @@ class RTVSIE(InfoExtractor):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Amaro Džives - Náš deň',
             'description': 'Galavečer pri príležitosti Medzinárodného dňa Rómov.',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.rtvs.sk/media/a501/image/file/2/0031/L7Qm.amaro_dzives_png.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.stvr.sk/media/a501/image/file/2/0031/L7Qm.amaro_dzives_png.jpg',
             'timestamp': 1428555900,
             'upload_date': '20150409',
             'duration': 4986,
@@ -47,8 +49,11 @@ class RTVSIE(InfoExtractor):
             'display_id': '307655',
             'duration': 831,
             'upload_date': '20211111',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.rtvs.sk/media/a501/image/file/2/0916/robin.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.stvr.sk/media/a501/image/file/2/0916/robin.jpg',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.stvr.sk/radio/archiv/11224/414872',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
index 9c2e6fb6b..b190d179f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtvslo.py
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@ class RTVSLOShowIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '173250997',
             'title': 'Ekipa Bled',
+            'description': 'md5:c88471e27a1268c448747a5325319ab7',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img.rtvcdn.si/_up/ava/ava_misc/show_logos/173250997/logo_wide1.jpg',
         },
         'playlist_count': 18,
     }]
@@ -187,4 +189,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             re.findall(r'<a [^>]*\bhref="(/arhiv/[^"]+)"', webpage),
             playlist_id, self._html_extract_title(webpage),
-            getter=lambda x: urljoin('https://365.rtvslo.si', x), ie=RTVSLOIE)
+            getter=urljoin('https://365.rtvslo.si'), ie=RTVSLOIE,
+            description=self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            thumbnail=self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
+        )
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
index db780a2cf..757d6994c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
@@ -7,15 +7,17 @@
     ExtractorError,
     UnsupportedError,
     clean_html,
-    determine_ext,
+    extract_attributes,
     format_field,
     get_element_by_class,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
     parse_count,
     parse_iso8601,
     traverse_obj,
     unescapeHTML,
+    urljoin,
 )
 
 
@@ -33,7 +35,7 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20191020',
             'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/WMAR',
             'channel': 'WMAR',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/1/5/M/z/1/5Mz1a.qR4e-small-WMAR-2-News-Latest-Headline.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 234,
             'uploader': 'WMAR',
             'live_status': 'not_live',
@@ -49,7 +51,7 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20220217',
             'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/CyberTechNews',
             'channel': 'CTNews',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/6/7/i/9/h/7i9hd.OvCc.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg',
             'duration': 901,
             'uploader': 'CTNews',
             'live_status': 'not_live',
@@ -111,6 +113,22 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
             'live_status': 'was_live',
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rumble.com/embed/v6pezdb',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'v6pezdb',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '"Es war einmal ein Mädchen" – Ein filmisches Zeitzeugnis aus Leningrad 1944',
+            'uploader': 'RT DE',
+            'channel': 'RT DE',
+            'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/RTDE',
+            'duration': 309,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://1a-1791.com/video/fww1/dc/s8/1/n/z/2/y/nz2yy.qR4e-small-Es-war-einmal-ein-Mdchen-Ei.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1743703500,
+            'upload_date': '20250403',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rumble.com/embed/ufe9n.v5pv5f',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -165,40 +183,42 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             live_status = None
 
         formats = []
-        for ext, ext_info in (video.get('ua') or {}).items():
-            if isinstance(ext_info, dict):
-                for height, video_info in ext_info.items():
+        for format_type, format_info in (video.get('ua') or {}).items():
+            if isinstance(format_info, dict):
+                for height, video_info in format_info.items():
                     if not traverse_obj(video_info, ('meta', 'h', {int_or_none})):
                         video_info.setdefault('meta', {})['h'] = height
-                ext_info = ext_info.values()
+                format_info = format_info.values()
 
-            for video_info in ext_info:
+            for video_info in format_info:
                 meta = video_info.get('meta') or {}
                 if not video_info.get('url'):
                     continue
-                if ext == 'hls':
+                # With default query params returns m3u8 variants which are duplicates, without returns tar files
+                if format_type == 'tar':
+                    continue
+                if format_type == 'hls':
                     if meta.get('live') is True and video.get('live') == 1:
                         live_status = 'post_live'
                     formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                         video_info['url'], video_id,
                         ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False, live=live_status == 'is_live'))
                     continue
-                timeline = ext == 'timeline'
-                if timeline:
-                    ext = determine_ext(video_info['url'])
+                is_timeline = format_type == 'timeline'
+                is_audio = format_type == 'audio'
                 formats.append({
-                    'ext': ext,
-                    'acodec': 'none' if timeline else None,
+                    'acodec': 'none' if is_timeline else None,
+                    'vcodec': 'none' if is_audio else None,
                     'url': video_info['url'],
-                    'format_id': join_nonempty(ext, format_field(meta, 'h', '%sp')),
-                    'format_note': 'Timeline' if timeline else None,
-                    'fps': None if timeline else video.get('fps'),
+                    'format_id': join_nonempty(format_type, format_field(meta, 'h', '%sp')),
+                    'format_note': 'Timeline' if is_timeline else None,
+                    'fps': None if is_timeline or is_audio else video.get('fps'),
                     **traverse_obj(meta, {
-                        'tbr': 'bitrate',
-                        'filesize': 'size',
-                        'width': 'w',
-                        'height': 'h',
-                    }, expected_type=lambda x: int(x) or None),
+                        'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}),
+                        'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                        'width': ('w', {int_or_none}),
+                        'height': ('h', {int_or_none}),
+                    }),
                 })
 
         subtitles = {
@@ -382,8 +402,10 @@ def entries(self, url, playlist_id):
                 if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404:
                     break
                 raise
-            for video_url in re.findall(r'class="[^>"]*videostream__link[^>]+href="([^"]+\.html)"', webpage):
-                yield self.url_result('https://rumble.com' + video_url)
+            for video_url in traverse_obj(
+                get_elements_html_by_class('videostream__link', webpage), (..., {extract_attributes}, 'href'),
+            ):
+                yield self.url_result(urljoin('https://rumble.com', video_url))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         url, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
index 2c416811a..20365ac5d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rutube.py
@@ -2,15 +2,21 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    UnsupportedError,
     bool_or_none,
     determine_ext,
     int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
     parse_qs,
-    traverse_obj,
+    str_or_none,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    subs_list_to_dict,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
 
 
 class RutubeBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -19,7 +25,7 @@ def _download_api_info(self, video_id, query=None):
             query = {}
         query['format'] = 'json'
         return self._download_json(
-            f'http://rutube.ru/api/video/{video_id}/',
+            f'https://rutube.ru/api/video/{video_id}/',
             video_id, 'Downloading video JSON',
             'Unable to download video JSON', query=query)
 
@@ -61,18 +67,21 @@ def _download_api_options(self, video_id, query=None):
             query = {}
         query['format'] = 'json'
         return self._download_json(
-            f'http://rutube.ru/api/play/options/{video_id}/',
+            f'https://rutube.ru/api/play/options/{video_id}/',
             video_id, 'Downloading options JSON',
             'Unable to download options JSON',
             headers=self.geo_verification_headers(), query=query)
 
-    def _extract_formats(self, options, video_id):
+    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, options, video_id):
         formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
         for format_id, format_url in options['video_balancer'].items():
             ext = determine_ext(format_url)
             if ext == 'm3u8':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False))
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_id, fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
             elif ext == 'f4m':
                 formats.extend(self._extract_f4m_formats(
                     format_url, video_id, f4m_id=format_id, fatal=False))
@@ -82,11 +91,19 @@ def _extract_formats(self, options, video_id):
                     'format_id': format_id,
                 })
         for hls_url in traverse_obj(options, ('live_streams', 'hls', ..., 'url', {url_or_none})):
-            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(hls_url, video_id, ext='mp4', fatal=False))
-        return formats
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                hls_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, m3u8_id='hls')
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        self._merge_subtitles(traverse_obj(options, ('captions', ..., {
+            'id': 'code',
+            'url': 'file',
+            'name': ('langTitle', {str}),
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='ru')})), target=subtitles)
+        return formats, subtitles
 
-    def _download_and_extract_formats(self, video_id, query=None):
-        return self._extract_formats(
+    def _download_and_extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, video_id, query=None):
+        return self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(
             self._download_api_options(video_id, query=query), video_id)
 
 
@@ -97,8 +114,8 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+?src=(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//rutube\.ru/(?:play/)?embed/[\da-z]{32}.*?)\1']
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/',
-        'md5': 'e33ac625efca66aba86cbec9851f2692',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/',
+        'md5': '3d73fdfe5bb81b9aef139e22ef3de26a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -111,26 +128,25 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20131016',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/d2/a0/d2a0aec998494a396deafc7ba2c82add.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/d2/a0/d2a0aec998494a396deafc7ba2c82add.jpg',
             'categories': ['Новости и СМИ'],
             'chapters': [],
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/play/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/play/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/embed/a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/?pl_id=4252',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/3eac3b4561676c17df9132a9a1e62e3e/?pl_id=4252',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/10b3a03fc01d5bbcc632a2f3514e8aab/?pl_type=source',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/private/884fb55f07a97ab673c7d654553e0f48/?p=x2QojCumHTS3rsKHWXN8Lg',
-        'md5': 'd106225f15d625538fe22971158e896f',
+        'md5': '4fce7b4fcc7b1bcaa3f45eb1e1ad0dd7',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '884fb55f07a97ab673c7d654553e0f48',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -143,11 +159,10 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'upload_date': '20221210',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/f2/d4/f2d42b54be0a6e69c1c22539e3152156.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/f2/d4/f2d42b54be0a6e69c1c22539e3152156.jpg',
             'categories': ['Видеоигры'],
             'chapters': [],
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/c65b465ad0c98c89f3b25cb03dcc87c6/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -156,17 +171,16 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'chapters': 'count:4',
             'categories': ['Бизнес и предпринимательство'],
             'description': 'md5:252feac1305257d8c1bab215cedde75d',
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/71/8f/718f27425ea9706073eb80883dd3787b.png',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/71/8f/718f27425ea9706073eb80883dd3787b.png',
             'duration': 782,
             'age_limit': 0,
             'uploader_id': '23491359',
             'timestamp': 1677153329,
             'view_count': int,
             'upload_date': '20230223',
-            'title': 'Бизнес с нуля: найм сотрудников. Интервью с директором строительной компании',
+            'title': 'Бизнес с нуля: найм сотрудников. Интервью с директором строительной компании #1',
             'uploader': 'Стас Быков',
         },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download f4m'],
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/live/video/c58f502c7bb34a8fcdd976b221fca292/',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -174,7 +188,7 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'categories': ['Телепередачи'],
             'description': '',
-            'thumbnail': 'http://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/14/19/14190807c0c48b40361aca93ad0867c7.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/14/19/14190807c0c48b40361aca93ad0867c7.jpg',
             'live_status': 'is_live',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'uploader_id': '23460655',
@@ -184,6 +198,24 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
             'title': r're:Первый канал. Прямой эфир \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}$',
             'uploader': 'Первый канал',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/play/embed/03a9cb54bac3376af4c5cb0f18444e01/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '03a9cb54bac3376af4c5cb0f18444e01',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'description': '',
+            'title': 'Церемония начала торгов акциями ПАО «ЕвроТранс»',
+            'chapters': [],
+            'upload_date': '20240829',
+            'duration': 293,
+            'uploader': 'MOEX - Московская биржа',
+            'timestamp': 1724946628,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/2e/24/2e241fddb459baf0fa54acfca44874f4.jpg',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': '38420507',
+            'categories': ['Интервью'],
+        },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/5ab908fccfac5bb43ef2b1e4182256b0/',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -192,40 +224,46 @@ class RutubeIE(RutubeBaseIE):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if RutubePlaylistIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         query = parse_qs(url)
         info = self._download_and_extract_info(video_id, query)
-        info['formats'] = self._download_and_extract_formats(video_id, query)
-        return info
+        formats, subtitles = self._download_and_extract_formats_and_subtitles(video_id, query)
+        return {
+            **info,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+        }
 
 
 class RutubeEmbedIE(RutubeBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube:embed'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube embedded videos'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video|play)/embed/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video|play)/embed/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:[?#/]|$)'
 
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/embed/6722881?vk_puid37=&vk_puid38=',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/embed/6722881?vk_puid37=&vk_puid38=',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'a10e53b86e8f349080f718582ce4c661',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'timestamp': 1387830582,
             'upload_date': '20131223',
             'uploader_id': '297833',
-            'description': 'Видео группы ★http://vk.com/foxkidsreset★ музей Fox Kids и Jetix<br/><br/> восстановлено и сделано в шикоформате subziro89 http://vk.com/subziro89',
             'uploader': 'subziro89 ILya',
             'title': 'Мистический городок Эйри в Индиан 5 серия озвучка subziro89',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 1395,
+            'chapters': [],
+            'description': 'md5:a5acea57bbc3ccdc3cacd1f11a014b5b',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://pic.rutubelist.ru/video/d3/03/d3031f4670a6e6170d88fb3607948418.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Сериалы'],
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/play/embed/8083783',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/play/embed/8083783',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         # private video
@@ -240,11 +278,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         query = parse_qs(url)
         options = self._download_api_options(embed_id, query)
         video_id = options['effective_video']
-        formats = self._extract_formats(options, video_id)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(options, video_id)
         info = self._download_and_extract_info(video_id, query)
         info.update({
             'extractor_key': 'Rutube',
             'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
         })
         return info
 
@@ -295,14 +334,14 @@ class RutubeTagsIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube tags'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/tags/video/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/tags/video/1800/',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/tags/video/1800/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1800',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 68,
     }]
 
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/tags/video/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/tags/video/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
 
 
 class RutubeMovieIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
@@ -310,8 +349,8 @@ class RutubeMovieIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube movies'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/metainfo/tv/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
-    _MOVIE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/?format=json'
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/video?page=%s&format=json'
+    _MOVIE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/?format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/metainfo/tv/%s/video?page=%s&format=json'
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         movie_id = self._match_id(url)
@@ -327,62 +366,82 @@ class RutubePersonIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube person videos'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/video/person/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://rutube.ru/video/person/313878/',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/person/313878/',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '313878',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 37,
+        'playlist_mincount': 36,
     }]
 
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
 
 
 class RutubePlaylistIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube:playlist'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube playlists'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:video|(?:play/)?embed)/[\da-z]{32}/\?.*?\bpl_id=(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/plst/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/cecd58ed7d531fc0f3d795d51cee9026/?pl_id=3097&pl_type=tag',
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/plst/308547/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3097',
+            'id': '308547',
         },
-        'playlist_count': 27,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/video/10b3a03fc01d5bbcc632a2f3514e8aab/?pl_id=4252&pl_type=source',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'playlist_mincount': 22,
     }]
-
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/playlist/%s/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
-
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        from ..utils import int_or_none, parse_qs
-
-        if not super().suitable(url):
-            return False
-        params = parse_qs(url)
-        return params.get('pl_type', [None])[0] and int_or_none(params.get('pl_id', [None])[0])
-
-    def _next_page_url(self, page_num, playlist_id, item_kind):
-        return self._PAGE_TEMPLATE % (item_kind, playlist_id, page_num)
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        qs = parse_qs(url)
-        playlist_kind = qs['pl_type'][0]
-        playlist_id = qs['pl_id'][0]
-        return self._extract_playlist(playlist_id, item_kind=playlist_kind)
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/playlist/custom/%s/videos?page=%s&format=json'
 
 
 class RutubeChannelIE(RutubePlaylistBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'rutube:channel'
     IE_DESC = 'Rutube channel'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/channel/(?P<id>\d+)/videos'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://rutube\.ru/(?:channel/(?P<id>\d+)|u/(?P<slug>\w+))(?:/(?P<section>videos|shorts|playlists))?'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://rutube.ru/channel/639184/videos/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '639184',
+            'id': '639184_videos',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 133,
+        'playlist_mincount': 129,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/channel/25902603/shorts/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '25902603_shorts',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 277,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/channel/25902603/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '25902603',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 406,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rutube.ru/u/rutube/videos/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '23704195_videos',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 113,
     }]
 
-    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'http://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json'
+    _PAGE_TEMPLATE = 'https://rutube.ru/api/video/person/%s/?page=%s&format=json&origin__type=%s'
+
+    def _next_page_url(self, page_num, playlist_id, section):
+        origin_type = {
+            'videos': 'rtb,rst,ifrm,rspa',
+            'shorts': 'rshorts',
+            None: '',
+        }.get(section)
+        return self._PAGE_TEMPLATE % (playlist_id, page_num, origin_type)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id, slug, section = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'slug', 'section')
+        if section == 'playlists':
+            raise UnsupportedError(url)
+        if slug:
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, slug)
+            redux_state = self._search_json(
+                r'window\.reduxState\s*=', webpage, 'redux state', slug, transform_source=js_to_json)
+            playlist_id = traverse_obj(redux_state, (
+                'api', 'queries', lambda k, _: k.startswith('channelIdBySlug'),
+                'data', 'channel_id', {int}, {str_or_none}, any))
+        playlist = self._extract_playlist(playlist_id, section=section)
+        if section:
+            playlist['id'] = f'{playlist_id}_{section}'
+        return playlist
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sbs.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sbs.py
index 8d61e22fc..7edb5214e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sbs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sbs.py
@@ -122,6 +122,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if traverse_obj(media, ('partOfSeries', {dict})):
             media['epName'] = traverse_obj(media, ('title', {str}))
 
+        # Need to set different language for forced subs or else they have priority over full subs
+        fixed_subtitles = {}
+        for lang, subs in subtitles.items():
+            for sub in subs:
+                fixed_lang = lang
+                if sub['url'].lower().endswith('_fe.vtt'):
+                    fixed_lang += '-forced'
+                fixed_subtitles.setdefault(fixed_lang, []).append(sub)
+
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             **traverse_obj(media, {
@@ -151,6 +160,6 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 }),
             }),
             'formats': formats,
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'subtitles': fixed_subtitles,
             'uploader': 'SBSC',
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/screenrec.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/screenrec.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..64f8d2494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/screenrec.py
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class ScreenRecIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?screenrec\.com/share/(?P<id>\w{10})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://screenrec.com/share/DasLtbknYo',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'DasLtbknYo',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '02.05.2024_03.01.25_REC',
+            'description': 'Recorded with ScreenRec',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.gif$',
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        m3u8_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'customUrl\s*:\s*(["\'])(?P<url>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1', webpage, 'm3u8 URL', group='url')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None) or self._html_extract_title(webpage),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage),
+            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4'),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sen.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d8f14ecdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sen.py
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class SenIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?sen\.com/video/(?P<id>[0-9a-f-]+)'
+    _TEST = {
+        'url': 'https://www.sen.com/video/eef46eb1-4d79-4e28-be9d-bd937767f8c4',
+        'md5': 'ff615aca9691053c94f8f10d96cd7884',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'eef46eb1-4d79-4e28-be9d-bd937767f8c4',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'Florida, 28 Sep 2022',
+            'title': 'Hurricane Ian',
+            'tags': ['North America', 'Storm', 'Weather'],
+        },
+    }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        api_data = self._download_json(f'https://api.sen.com/content/public/video/{video_id}', video_id)
+        m3u8_url = (traverse_obj(api_data, (
+            'data', 'nodes', lambda _, v: v['id'] == 'player', 'video', 'url', {url_or_none}, any))
+            or f'https://vod.sen.com/videos/{video_id}/manifest.m3u8')
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4'),
+            **traverse_obj(api_data, ('data', 'nodes', lambda _, v: v['id'] == 'details', any, 'content', {
+                'title': ('title', 'text', {str}),
+                'description': ('descriptions', 0, 'text', {str}),
+                'tags': ('badges', ..., 'text', {str}),
+            })),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/senategov.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/senategov.py
index cddca09d0..dc275e58d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/senategov.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/senategov.py
@@ -4,47 +4,16 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    parse_qs,
-    unsmuggle_url,
+    UnsupportedError,
+    make_archive_id,
+    remove_end,
+    url_or_none,
 )
-
-_COMMITTEES = {
-    'ag': ('76440', 'http://ag-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'aging': ('76442', 'http://aging-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'approps': ('76441', 'http://approps-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'arch': ('', 'http://ussenate-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'armed': ('76445', 'http://armed-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'banking': ('76446', 'http://banking-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'budget': ('76447', 'http://budget-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'cecc': ('76486', 'http://srs-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'commerce': ('80177', 'http://commerce1-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'csce': ('75229', 'http://srs-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'dpc': ('76590', 'http://dpc-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'energy': ('76448', 'http://energy-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'epw': ('76478', 'http://epw-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'ethics': ('76449', 'http://ethics-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'finance': ('76450', 'http://finance-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'foreign': ('76451', 'http://foreign-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'govtaff': ('76453', 'http://govtaff-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'help': ('76452', 'http://help-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'indian': ('76455', 'http://indian-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'intel': ('76456', 'http://intel-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'intlnarc': ('76457', 'http://intlnarc-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'jccic': ('85180', 'http://jccic-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'jec': ('76458', 'http://jec-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'judiciary': ('76459', 'http://judiciary-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'rpc': ('76591', 'http://rpc-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'rules': ('76460', 'http://rules-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'saa': ('76489', 'http://srs-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'smbiz': ('76461', 'http://smbiz-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'srs': ('75229', 'http://srs-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'uscc': ('76487', 'http://srs-f.akamaihd.net'),
-    'vetaff': ('76462', 'http://vetaff-f.akamaihd.net'),
-}
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class SenateISVPIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _IE_NAME = 'senate.gov:isvp'
+    IE_NAME = 'senate.gov:isvp'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?senate\.gov/isvp/?\?(?P<qs>.+)'
     _EMBED_REGEX = [r"<iframe[^>]+src=['\"](?P<url>https?://www\.senate\.gov/isvp/?\?[^'\"]+)['\"]"]
 
@@ -53,31 +22,46 @@ class SenateISVPIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'judiciary031715',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Integrated Senate Video Player',
+            'title': 'ISVP',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['senategov judiciary031715'],
         },
         'params': {
             # m3u8 download
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.senate.gov/isvp/?type=live&comm=commerce&filename=commerce011514.mp4&auto_play=false',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'commerce011514',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Integrated Senate Video Player',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['senategov commerce011514'],
         },
         'params': {
             # m3u8 download
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'This video is not available.',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.senate.gov/isvp/?type=arch&comm=intel&filename=intel090613&hc_location=ufi',
         # checksum differs each time
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'intel090613',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Integrated Senate Video Player',
+            'title': 'ISVP',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['senategov intel090613'],
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.senate.gov/isvp/?auto_play=false&comm=help&filename=help090920&poster=https://www.help.senate.gov/assets/images/video-poster.png&stt=950',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'help090920',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'ISVP',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.help.senate.gov/assets/images/video-poster.png',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['senategov help090920'],
         },
     }, {
         # From http://www.c-span.org/video/?96791-1
@@ -85,60 +69,81 @@ class SenateISVPIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
+    _COMMITTEES = {
+        'ag': ('76440', 'https://ag-f.akamaihd.net', '2036803', 'agriculture'),
+        'aging': ('76442', 'https://aging-f.akamaihd.net', '2036801', 'aging'),
+        'approps': ('76441', 'https://approps-f.akamaihd.net', '2036802', 'appropriations'),
+        'arch': ('', 'https://ussenate-f.akamaihd.net', '', 'arch'),
+        'armed': ('76445', 'https://armed-f.akamaihd.net', '2036800', 'armedservices'),
+        'banking': ('76446', 'https://banking-f.akamaihd.net', '2036799', 'banking'),
+        'budget': ('76447', 'https://budget-f.akamaihd.net', '2036798', 'budget'),
+        'cecc': ('76486', 'https://srs-f.akamaihd.net', '2036782', 'srs_cecc'),
+        'commerce': ('80177', 'https://commerce1-f.akamaihd.net', '2036779', 'commerce'),
+        'csce': ('75229', 'https://srs-f.akamaihd.net', '2036777', 'srs_srs'),
+        'dpc': ('76590', 'https://dpc-f.akamaihd.net', '', 'dpc'),
+        'energy': ('76448', 'https://energy-f.akamaihd.net', '2036797', 'energy'),
+        'epw': ('76478', 'https://epw-f.akamaihd.net', '2036783', 'environment'),
+        'ethics': ('76449', 'https://ethics-f.akamaihd.net', '2036796', 'ethics'),
+        'finance': ('76450', 'https://finance-f.akamaihd.net', '2036795', 'finance_finance'),
+        'foreign': ('76451', 'https://foreign-f.akamaihd.net', '2036794', 'foreignrelations'),
+        'govtaff': ('76453', 'https://govtaff-f.akamaihd.net', '2036792', 'hsgac'),
+        'help': ('76452', 'https://help-f.akamaihd.net', '2036793', 'help'),
+        'indian': ('76455', 'https://indian-f.akamaihd.net', '2036791', 'indianaffairs'),
+        'intel': ('76456', 'https://intel-f.akamaihd.net', '2036790', 'intelligence'),
+        'intlnarc': ('76457', 'https://intlnarc-f.akamaihd.net', '', 'internationalnarcoticscaucus'),
+        'jccic': ('85180', 'https://jccic-f.akamaihd.net', '2036778', 'jccic'),
+        'jec': ('76458', 'https://jec-f.akamaihd.net', '2036789', 'jointeconomic'),
+        'judiciary': ('76459', 'https://judiciary-f.akamaihd.net', '2036788', 'judiciary'),
+        'rpc': ('76591', 'https://rpc-f.akamaihd.net', '', 'rpc'),
+        'rules': ('76460', 'https://rules-f.akamaihd.net', '2036787', 'rules'),
+        'saa': ('76489', 'https://srs-f.akamaihd.net', '2036780', 'srs_saa'),
+        'smbiz': ('76461', 'https://smbiz-f.akamaihd.net', '2036786', 'smallbusiness'),
+        'srs': ('75229', 'https://srs-f.akamaihd.net', '2031966', 'srs_srs'),
+        'uscc': ('76487', 'https://srs-f.akamaihd.net', '2036781', 'srs_uscc'),
+        'vetaff': ('76462', 'https://vetaff-f.akamaihd.net', '2036785', 'veteransaffairs'),
+    }
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
-
         qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs(self._match_valid_url(url).group('qs'))
-        if not qs.get('filename') or not qs.get('type') or not qs.get('comm'):
+        if not qs.get('filename') or not qs.get('comm'):
             raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL', expected=True)
-
-        video_id = re.sub(r'.mp4$', '', qs['filename'][0])
+        filename = qs['filename'][0]
+        video_id = remove_end(filename, '.mp4')
 
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        committee = qs['comm'][0]
 
-        if smuggled_data.get('force_title'):
-            title = smuggled_data['force_title']
-        else:
-            title = self._html_extract_title(webpage)
-        poster = qs.get('poster')
-        thumbnail = poster[0] if poster else None
-
-        video_type = qs['type'][0]
-        committee = video_type if video_type == 'arch' else qs['comm'][0]
-
-        stream_num, domain = _COMMITTEES[committee]
+        stream_num, stream_domain, stream_id, msl3 = self._COMMITTEES[committee]
 
+        urls_alternatives = [f'https://www-senate-gov-media-srs.akamaized.net/hls/live/{stream_id}/{committee}/{filename}/master.m3u8',
+                             f'https://www-senate-gov-msl3archive.akamaized.net/{msl3}/{filename}_1/master.m3u8',
+                             f'{stream_domain}/i/{filename}_1@{stream_num}/master.m3u8',
+                             f'{stream_domain}/i/{filename}.mp4/master.m3u8']
         formats = []
-        if video_type == 'arch':
-            filename = video_id if '.' in video_id else video_id + '.mp4'
-            m3u8_url = urllib.parse.urljoin(domain, 'i/' + filename + '/master.m3u8')
-            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='m3u8')
-        else:
-            hdcore_sign = 'hdcore=3.1.0'
-            url_params = (domain, video_id, stream_num)
-            f4m_url = f'%s/z/%s_1@%s/manifest.f4m?{hdcore_sign}' % url_params
-            m3u8_url = '{}/i/{}_1@{}/master.m3u8'.format(*url_params)
-            for entry in self._extract_f4m_formats(f4m_url, video_id, f4m_id='f4m'):
-                # URLs without the extra param induce an 404 error
-                entry.update({'extra_param_to_segment_url': hdcore_sign})
-                formats.append(entry)
-            for entry in self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='m3u8'):
-                mobj = re.search(r'(?P<tag>(?:-p|-b)).m3u8', entry['url'])
-                if mobj:
-                    entry['format_id'] += mobj.group('tag')
-                formats.append(entry)
+        subtitles = {}
+        for video_url in urls_alternatives:
+            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(video_url, video_id, ext='mp4', fatal=False)
+            if formats:
+                break
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage),
             'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(qs, ('poster', 0, {url_or_none})),
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id(SenateGovIE, video_id)],
         }
 
 
 class SenateGovIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _IE_NAME = 'senate.gov'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?:\/\/(?:www\.)?(help|appropriations|judiciary|banking|armed-services|finance)\.senate\.gov'
+    IE_NAME = 'senate.gov'
+    _SUBDOMAIN_RE = '|'.join(map(re.escape, (
+        'agriculture', 'aging', 'appropriations', 'armed-services', 'banking',
+        'budget', 'commerce', 'energy', 'epw', 'finance', 'foreign', 'help',
+        'intelligence', 'inaugural', 'judiciary', 'rules', 'sbc', 'veterans',
+    )))
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:{_SUBDOMAIN_RE})\.senate\.gov'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.help.senate.gov/hearings/vaccines-saving-lives-ensuring-confidence-and-protecting-public-health',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -147,6 +152,9 @@ class SenateGovIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Vaccines: Saving Lives, Ensuring Confidence, and Protecting Public Health',
             'description': 'The U.S. Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor & Pensions',
             'ext': 'mp4',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.help.senate.gov/assets/images/sharelogo.jpg',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['senategov help090920'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
@@ -156,8 +164,12 @@ class SenateGovIE(InfoExtractor):
             'display_id': 'watch?hearingid=B8A25434-5056-A066-6020-1F68CB75F0CD',
             'title': 'Review of the FY2019 Budget Request for the U.S. Army',
             'ext': 'mp4',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.appropriations.senate.gov/themes/appropriations/images/video-poster-flash-fit.png',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['senategov appropsA051518'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download m3u8 information'],
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.banking.senate.gov/hearings/21st-century-communities-public-transportation-infrastructure-investment-and-fast-act-reauthorization',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -166,32 +178,65 @@ class SenateGovIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': '21st Century Communities: Public Transportation Infrastructure Investment and FAST Act Reauthorization',
             'description': 'The Official website of The United States Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs',
             'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.banking.senate.gov/themes/banking/images/sharelogo.jpg',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['senategov banking041521'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.agriculture.senate.gov/hearings/hemp-production-and-the-2018-farm-bill',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.aging.senate.gov/hearings/the-older-americans-act-the-local-impact-of-the-law-and-the-upcoming-reauthorization',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.budget.senate.gov/hearings/improving-care-lowering-costs-achieving-health-care-efficiency',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.commerce.senate.gov/2024/12/communications-networks-safety-and-security',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.energy.senate.gov/hearings/2024/2/full-committee-hearing-to-examine',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/hearings?ID=F63083EA-2C13-498C-B548-341BED68C209',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.foreign.senate.gov/hearings/american-diplomacy-and-global-leadership-review-of-the-fy25-state-department-budget-request',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.intelligence.senate.gov/hearings/foreign-threats-elections-2024-%E2%80%93-roles-and-responsibilities-us-tech-providers',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.inaugural.senate.gov/52nd-inaugural-ceremonies/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rules.senate.gov/hearings/02/07/2023/business-meeting',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.sbc.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/hearings?ID=5B13AA6B-8279-45AF-B54B-94156DC7A2AB',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.veterans.senate.gov/2024/5/frontier-health-care-ensuring-veterans-access-no-matter-where-they-live',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._generic_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        parse_info = parse_qs(self._search_regex(
-            r'<iframe class="[^>"]*streaminghearing[^>"]*"\s[^>]*\bsrc="([^">]*)', webpage, 'hearing URL'))
-
-        stream_num, stream_domain = _COMMITTEES[parse_info['comm'][-1]]
-        filename = parse_info['filename'][-1]
-
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            f'{stream_domain}/i/{filename}_1@{stream_num}/master.m3u8',
-            display_id, ext='mp4')
+        url_info = next(SenateISVPIE.extract_from_webpage(self._downloader, url, webpage), None)
+        if not url_info:
+            raise UnsupportedError(url)
 
         title = self._html_search_regex(
-            (*self._og_regexes('title'), r'(?s)<title>([^<]*?)</title>'), webpage, 'video title')
+            (*self._og_regexes('title'), r'(?s)<title>([^<]*?)</title>'), webpage, 'video title', fatal=False)
 
         return {
-            'id': re.sub(r'.mp4$', '', filename),
+            **url_info,
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
             'display_id': display_id,
             'title': re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', title.split('|')[0]).strip(),
             'description': self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None),
             'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None),
             'age_limit': self._rta_search(webpage),
-            'formats': formats,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/servus.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/servus.py
index 117f18081..841c7ebf3 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/servus.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/servus.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class ServusIE(InfoExtractor):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'AA-28BYCQNH92111',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Klettersteige in den Alpen',
+            'title': 'Vie Ferrate - Klettersteige in den Alpen',
             'description': 'md5:25e47ddd83a009a0f9789ba18f2850ce',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'duration': 2823,
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ class ServusIE(InfoExtractor):
             'season_number': 11,
             'episode': 'Episode 8 - Vie Ferrate – Klettersteige in den Alpen',
             'episode_number': 8,
+            'categories': ['Bergwelten'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
@@ -71,8 +72,11 @@ class ServusIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url).upper()
 
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        next_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id, fatal=False)
+
         video = self._download_json(
-            'https://api-player.redbull.com/stv/servus-tv?timeZone=Europe/Berlin',
+            'https://api-player.redbull.com/stv/servus-tv-playnet',
             video_id, 'Downloading video JSON', query={'videoId': video_id})
         if not video.get('videoUrl'):
             self._report_errors(video)
@@ -89,7 +93,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'title': video.get('title'),
-            'description': self._get_description(video_id) or video.get('description'),
+            'description': self._get_description(next_data) or video.get('description'),
             'thumbnail': video.get('poster'),
             'duration': float_or_none(video.get('duration')),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(video.get('currentSunrise')),
@@ -100,16 +104,19 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'episode_number': episode_number,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(next_data, ('props', 'pageProps', 'data', {
+                'title': ('title', 'rendered', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('stv_date', 'raw', {int}),
+                'duration': ('stv_duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'categories': ('category_names', ..., {str}),
+            })),
         }
 
-    def _get_description(self, video_id):
-        info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://backend.servustv.com/wp-json/rbmh/v2/media_asset/aa_id/{video_id}?fieldset=page',
-            video_id, fatal=False)
-
-        return join_nonempty(*traverse_obj(info, (
-            ('stv_short_description', 'stv_long_description'),
-            {lambda x: unescapeHTML(x.replace('\n\n', '\n'))})), delim='\n\n')
+    def _get_description(self, next_data):
+        return join_nonempty(*traverse_obj(next_data, (
+            'props', 'pageProps', 'data',
+            ('stv_short_description', 'stv_long_description'), {str},
+            {lambda x: x.replace('\n\n', '\n')}, {unescapeHTML})), delim='\n\n')
 
     def _report_errors(self, video):
         playability_errors = traverse_obj(video, ('playabilityErrors', ...))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
index 284b2f89c..3ab322f67 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/shemaroome.py
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 import base64
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt, unpad_pkcs7
+from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes, unpad_pkcs7
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
-    bytes_to_intlist,
-    intlist_to_bytes,
     unified_strdate,
 )
 
@@ -68,10 +66,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         data_json = self._download_json('https://www.shemaroome.com/users/user_all_lists', video_id, data=data.encode())
         if not data_json.get('status'):
             raise ExtractorError('Premium videos cannot be downloaded yet.', expected=True)
-        url_data = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data_json['new_play_url']))
-        key = bytes_to_intlist(base64.b64decode(data_json['key']))
-        iv = [0] * 16
-        m3u8_url = unpad_pkcs7(intlist_to_bytes(aes_cbc_decrypt(url_data, key, iv))).decode('ascii')
+        url_data = base64.b64decode(data_json['new_play_url'])
+        key = base64.b64decode(data_json['key'])
+        iv = bytes(16)
+        m3u8_url = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(url_data, key, iv)).decode('ascii')
         headers = {'stream_key': data_json['stream_key']}
         formats, m3u8_subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, fatal=False, headers=headers)
         for fmt in formats:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/skyit.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/skyit.py
index 6e2973232..0013d2621 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/skyit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/skyit.py
@@ -2,16 +2,18 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
     dict_get,
     int_or_none,
     parse_duration,
     unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
-class SkyItPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'player.sky.it'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://player\.sky\.it/player/(?:external|social)\.html\?.*?\bid=(?P<id>\d+)'
+class SkyItBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _DOMAIN = 'sky'
     _PLAYER_TMPL = 'https://player.sky.it/player/external.html?id=%s&domain=%s'
@@ -33,7 +35,6 @@ def _player_url_result(self, video_id):
             SkyItPlayerIE.ie_key(), video_id)
 
     def _parse_video(self, video, video_id):
-        title = video['title']
         is_live = video.get('type') == 'live'
         hls_url = video.get(('streaming' if is_live else 'hls') + '_url')
         if not hls_url and video.get('geoblock' if is_live else 'geob'):
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def _parse_video(self, video, video_id):
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': video.get('title'),
             'formats': formats,
             'thumbnail': dict_get(video, ('video_still', 'video_still_medium', 'thumb')),
             'description': video.get('short_desc') or None,
@@ -52,6 +53,11 @@ def _parse_video(self, video, video_id):
             'is_live': is_live,
         }
 
+
+class SkyItPlayerIE(SkyItBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'player.sky.it'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://player\.sky\.it/player/(?:external|social)\.html\?.*?\bid=(?P<id>\d+)'
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         domain = urllib.parse.parse_qs(urllib.parse.urlparse(
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self._parse_video(video, video_id)
 
 
-class SkyItVideoIE(SkyItPlayerIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class SkyItVideoIE(SkyItBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'video.sky.it'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:masterchef|video|xfactor)\.sky\.it(?:/[^/]+)*/video/[0-9a-z-]+-(?P<id>\d+)'
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self._player_url_result(video_id)
 
 
-class SkyItVideoLiveIE(SkyItPlayerIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class SkyItVideoLiveIE(SkyItBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'video.sky.it:live'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.sky\.it/diretta/(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
     _TEST = {
@@ -124,7 +130,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self._parse_video(livestream, asset_id)
 
 
-class SkyItIE(SkyItPlayerIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class SkyItIE(SkyItBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'sky.it'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:sport|tg24)\.sky\.it(?:/[^/]+)*/\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}/(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -223,3 +229,80 @@ class TV8ItIE(SkyItVideoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
     _DOMAIN = 'mtv8'
+
+
+class TV8ItLiveIE(SkyItBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'tv8.it:live'
+    IE_DESC = 'TV8 Live'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tv8\.it/streaming'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://tv8.it/streaming',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'tv8',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': str,
+            'description': str,
+            'is_live': True,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = 'tv8'
+        livestream = self._download_json(
+            'https://apid.sky.it/vdp/v1/getLivestream', video_id,
+            'Downloading manifest JSON', query={'id': '7'})
+        metadata = self._download_json('https://tv8.it/api/getStreaming', video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        return {
+            **self._parse_video(livestream, video_id),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, ('info', {
+                'title': ('title', 'text', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', 'html', {clean_html}),
+            })),
+        }
+
+
+class TV8ItPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'tv8.it:playlist'
+    IE_DESC = 'TV8 Playlist'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tv8\.it/(?!video)[^/#?]+/(?P<id>[^/#?]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://tv8.it/intrattenimento/tv8-gialappas-night',
+        'playlist_mincount': 32,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'tv8-gialappas-night',
+            'title': 'Tv8 Gialappa\'s Night',
+            'description': 'md5:c876039d487d9cf40229b768872718ed',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://static\.sky\.it/.+\.(png|jpe?g|webp)',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tv8.it/sport/uefa-europa-league',
+        'playlist_mincount': 11,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'uefa-europa-league',
+            'title': 'UEFA Europa League',
+            'description': 'md5:9ab1832b7a8b1705b1f590e13a36bc6a',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://static\.sky\.it/.+\.(png|jpe?g|webp)',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+        data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, playlist_id)['props']['pageProps']['data']
+        entries = [self.url_result(
+            urljoin('https://tv8.it', card['href']), ie=TV8ItIE,
+            **traverse_obj(card, {
+                'description': ('extraData', 'videoDesc', {str}),
+                'id': ('extraData', 'asset_id', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', 'src', {url_or_none}),
+                'title': ('title', 'typography', 'text', {str}),
+            }))
+            for card in traverse_obj(data, ('lastContent', 'cards', lambda _, v: v['href']))]
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, **traverse_obj(data, ('card', 'desktop', {
+            'description': ('description', 'html', {clean_html}),
+            'thumbnail': ('image', 'src', {url_or_none}),
+            'title': ('title', 'text', {str}),
+        })))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..09e5766d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/snapchat.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import float_or_none, int_or_none, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class SnapchatSpotlightIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?snapchat\.com/spotlight/(?P<id>\w+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.snapchat.com/spotlight/W7_EDlXWTBiXAEEniNoMPwAAYYWtidGhudGZpAX1TKn0JAX1TKnXJAAAAAA',
+        'md5': '46c580f63592d0cbb76e974d2f9f0fcc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'W7_EDlXWTBiXAEEniNoMPwAAYYWtidGhudGZpAX1TKn0JAX1TKnXJAAAAAA',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Views 💕',
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://cf-st\.sc-cdn\.net/d/kKJHIR1QAznRKK9jgYYDq\.256\.IRZXSOY',
+            'duration': 4.665,
+            'timestamp': 1637777831.369,
+            'upload_date': '20211124',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'shreypatel57',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.snapchat.com/add/shreypatel57',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.snapchat.com/spotlight/W7_EDlXWTBiXAEEniNoMPwAAYcnVjYWdwcGV1AZEaIYn5AZEaIYnrAAAAAQ',
+        'md5': '4cd9626458c1a0e3e6dbe72c544a9ec2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'W7_EDlXWTBiXAEEniNoMPwAAYcnVjYWdwcGV1AZEaIYn5AZEaIYnrAAAAAQ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Spotlight Snap',
+            'description': 'How he flirt her teacher🤭🤭🤩😍 #kdrama#cdrama #dramaclips #dramaspotlight',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://cf-st\.sc-cdn\.net/i/ztfr6xFs0FOcFhwVczWfj\.256\.IRZXSOY',
+            'duration': 10.91,
+            'timestamp': 1722720291.307,
+            'upload_date': '20240803',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'ganda0535',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.snapchat.com/add/ganda0535',
+            'tags': ['#dramaspotlight', '#dramaclips', '#cdrama', '#kdrama'],
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        page_props = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']
+        video_data = traverse_obj(page_props, (
+            'spotlightFeed', 'spotlightStories',
+            lambda _, v: v['story']['storyId']['value'] == video_id, 'metadata', any), None)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, ('videoMetadata', {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('uploadDateMs', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'view_count': ('viewCount', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
+                'repost_count': ('shareCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'url': ('contentUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('durationMs', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('creator', 'personCreator', 'username', {str}),
+                'uploader_url': ('creator', 'personCreator', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'tags': ('hashtags', ..., {str}),
+                'view_count': ('engagementStats', 'viewCount', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
+                'repost_count': ('engagementStats', 'shareCount', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/softwhiteunderbelly.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/softwhiteunderbelly.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ce1b21405
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/softwhiteunderbelly.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .vimeo import VHXEmbedIE
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    update_url,
+    urlencode_postdata,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
+
+
+class SoftWhiteUnderbellyIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com/login'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'softwhiteunderbelly'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?softwhiteunderbelly\.com/videos/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com/videos/kenneth-final1',
+        'note': 'A single Soft White Underbelly Episode',
+        'md5': '8e79f29ec1f1bda6da2e0b998fcbebb8',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3201266',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'kenneth-final1',
+            'title': 'Appalachian Man interview-Kenneth',
+            'description': 'Soft White Underbelly interview and portrait of Kenneth, an Appalachian man in Clay County, Kentucky.',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://vhx.imgix.net/softwhiteunderbelly/assets/249f6db0-2b39-49a4-979b-f8dad4681825.jpg',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user80538407',
+            'uploader': 'OTT Videos',
+            'uploader_id': 'user80538407',
+            'duration': 512,
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com/videos/tj-2-final-2160p',
+        'note': 'A single Soft White Underbelly Episode',
+        'md5': '286bd8851b4824c62afb369e6f307036',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3506029',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'tj-2-final-2160p',
+            'title': 'Fentanyl Addict interview-TJ (follow up)',
+            'description': 'Soft White Underbelly follow up interview and portrait of TJ, a fentanyl addict on Skid Row.',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://vhx.imgix.net/softwhiteunderbelly/assets/c883d531-5da0-4faf-a2e2-8eba97e5adfc.jpg',
+            'duration': 817,
+            'uploader': 'OTT Videos',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user80538407',
+            'uploader_id': 'user80538407',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }]
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        signin_page = self._download_webpage(self._LOGIN_URL, None, 'Fetching authenticity token')
+        self._download_webpage(
+            self._LOGIN_URL, None, 'Logging in',
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'email': username,
+                'password': password,
+                'authenticity_token': self._html_search_regex(
+                    r'name=["\']authenticity_token["\']\s+value=["\']([^"\']+)', signin_page, 'authenticity_token'),
+                'utf8': True,
+            }),
+        )
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        if '<div id="watch-unauthorized"' in webpage:
+            if self._get_cookies('https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com').get('_session'):
+                raise ExtractorError('This account is not subscribed to this content', expected=True)
+            self.raise_login_required()
+
+        embed_url, embed_id = self._html_search_regex(
+            r'embed_url:\s*["\'](?P<url>https?://embed\.vhx\.tv/videos/(?P<id>\d+)[^"\']*)',
+            webpage, 'embed url', group=('url', 'id'))
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'ie_key': VHXEmbedIE.ie_key(),
+            'url': VHXEmbedIE._smuggle_referrer(embed_url, 'https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com'),
+            'id': embed_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'title': traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(id='watch-info')}, {find_element(cls='video-title')}, {clean_html})),
+            'description': self._html_search_meta('description', webpage, default=None),
+            'thumbnail': update_url(self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage) or '', query=None) or None,
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
index a0a051e97..0cd914cbb 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sonyliv.py
@@ -199,8 +199,9 @@ class SonyLIVSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
     }]
     _API_BASE = 'https://apiv2.sonyliv.com/AGL'
+    _SORT_ORDERS = ('asc', 'desc')
 
-    def _entries(self, show_id):
+    def _entries(self, show_id, sort_order):
         headers = {
             'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*',
             'Referer': 'https://www.sonyliv.com',
@@ -215,6 +216,9 @@ def _entries(self, show_id):
                 'from': '0',
                 'to': '49',
             }), ('resultObj', 'containers', 0, 'containers', lambda _, v: int_or_none(v['id'])))
+
+        if sort_order == 'desc':
+            seasons = reversed(seasons)
         for season in seasons:
             season_id = str(season['id'])
             note = traverse_obj(season, ('metadata', 'title', {str})) or 'season'
@@ -226,7 +230,7 @@ def _entries(self, show_id):
                         'from': str(cursor),
                         'to': str(cursor + 99),
                         'orderBy': 'episodeNumber',
-                        'sortOrder': 'asc',
+                        'sortOrder': sort_order,
                     }), ('resultObj', 'containers', 0, 'containers', lambda _, v: int_or_none(v['id'])))
                 if not episodes:
                     break
@@ -237,4 +241,10 @@ def _entries(self, show_id):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         show_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id), playlist_id=show_id)
+
+        sort_order = self._configuration_arg('sort_order', [self._SORT_ORDERS[0]])[0]
+        if sort_order not in self._SORT_ORDERS:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f'Invalid sort order "{sort_order}". Allowed values are: {", ".join(self._SORT_ORDERS)}')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id, sort_order), playlist_id=show_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
index 4f8d96407..c70940a60 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
-    KNOWN_EXTENSIONS,
     ExtractorError,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
@@ -53,7 +52,8 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _API_VERIFY_AUTH_TOKEN = 'https://api-auth.soundcloud.com/connect/session%s'
     _HEADERS = {}
 
-    _IMAGE_REPL_RE = r'-([0-9a-z]+)\.jpg'
+    _IMAGE_REPL_RE = r'-[0-9a-z]+\.(?P<ext>jpg|png)'
+    _TAGS_RE = re.compile(r'"([^"]+)"|([^ ]+)')
 
     _ARTWORK_MAP = {
         'mini': 16,
@@ -208,10 +208,10 @@ def sign(self, user, pw, clid):
 
     def _extract_info_dict(self, info, full_title=None, secret_token=None, extract_flat=False):
         track_id = str(info['id'])
-        title = info['title']
 
         format_urls = set()
         formats = []
+        has_drm = False
         query = {'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID}
         if secret_token:
             query['secret_token'] = secret_token
@@ -242,60 +242,29 @@ def _extract_info_dict(self, info, full_title=None, secret_token=None, extract_f
                     format_urls.add(format_url)
                     formats.append({
                         'format_id': 'download',
-                        'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh) or 'mp3',
+                        'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh, default='mp3'),
                         'filesize': int_or_none(urlh.headers.get('Content-Length')),
                         'url': format_url,
                         'quality': 10,
                         'format_note': 'Original',
+                        'vcodec': 'none',
                     })
 
         def invalid_url(url):
             return not url or url in format_urls
 
-        def add_format(f, protocol, is_preview=False):
-            mobj = re.search(r'\.(?P<abr>\d+)\.(?P<ext>[0-9a-z]{3,4})(?=[/?])', stream_url)
-            if mobj:
-                for k, v in mobj.groupdict().items():
-                    if not f.get(k):
-                        f[k] = v
-            format_id_list = []
-            if protocol:
-                format_id_list.append(protocol)
-            ext = f.get('ext')
-            if ext == 'aac':
-                f.update({
-                    'abr': 256,
-                    'quality': 5,
-                    'format_note': 'Premium',
-                })
-            for k in ('ext', 'abr'):
-                v = str_or_none(f.get(k))
-                if v:
-                    format_id_list.append(v)
-            preview = is_preview or re.search(r'/(?:preview|playlist)/0/30/', f['url'])
-            if preview:
-                format_id_list.append('preview')
-            abr = f.get('abr')
-            if abr:
-                f['abr'] = int(abr)
-            if protocol in ('hls', 'hls-aes'):
-                protocol = 'm3u8' if ext == 'aac' else 'm3u8_native'
-            else:
-                protocol = 'http'
-            f.update({
-                'format_id': '_'.join(format_id_list),
-                'protocol': protocol,
-                'preference': -10 if preview else None,
-            })
-            formats.append(f)
-
         # New API
-        for t in traverse_obj(info, ('media', 'transcodings', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+        for t in traverse_obj(info, ('media', 'transcodings', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']) and v['preset'])):
             if extract_flat:
                 break
             format_url = t['url']
+            preset = t['preset']
+            preset_base = preset.partition('_')[0]
 
-            protocol = traverse_obj(t, ('format', 'protocol', {str}))
+            protocol = traverse_obj(t, ('format', 'protocol', {str})) or 'http'
+            if protocol.startswith(('ctr-', 'cbc-')):
+                has_drm = True
+                continue
             if protocol == 'progressive':
                 protocol = 'http'
             if protocol != 'hls' and '/hls' in format_url:
@@ -303,47 +272,74 @@ def add_format(f, protocol, is_preview=False):
             if protocol == 'encrypted-hls' or '/encrypted-hls' in format_url:
                 protocol = 'hls-aes'
 
-            ext = None
-            if preset := traverse_obj(t, ('preset', {str_or_none})):
-                ext = preset.split('_')[0]
-            if ext not in KNOWN_EXTENSIONS:
-                ext = mimetype2ext(traverse_obj(t, ('format', 'mime_type', {str})))
-
-            identifier = join_nonempty(protocol, ext, delim='_')
-            if not self._is_requested(identifier):
-                self.write_debug(f'"{identifier}" is not a requested format, skipping')
+            short_identifier = f'{protocol}_{preset_base}'
+            if preset_base == 'abr':
+                self.write_debug(f'Skipping broken "{short_identifier}" format')
+                continue
+            if not self._is_requested(short_identifier):
+                self.write_debug(f'"{short_identifier}" is not a requested format, skipping')
                 continue
 
             # XXX: if not extract_flat, 429 error must be caught where _extract_info_dict is called
             stream_url = traverse_obj(self._call_api(
-                format_url, track_id, f'Downloading {identifier} format info JSON',
+                format_url, track_id, f'Downloading {short_identifier} format info JSON',
                 query=query, headers=self._HEADERS), ('url', {url_or_none}))
-
             if invalid_url(stream_url):
                 continue
             format_urls.add(stream_url)
-            add_format({
+
+            mime_type = traverse_obj(t, ('format', 'mime_type', {str}))
+            codec = self._search_regex(r'codecs="([^"]+)"', mime_type, 'codec', default=None)
+            ext = {
+                'mp4a': 'm4a',
+                'opus': 'opus',
+            }.get(codec[:4] if codec else None) or mimetype2ext(mime_type, default=None)
+            if not ext or ext == 'm3u8':
+                ext = preset_base
+
+            is_premium = t.get('quality') == 'hq'
+            abr = int_or_none(
+                self._search_regex(r'(\d+)k$', preset, 'abr', default=None)
+                or self._search_regex(r'\.(\d+)\.(?:opus|mp3)[/?]', stream_url, 'abr', default=None)
+                or (256 if (is_premium and 'aac' in preset) else None))
+
+            is_preview = (t.get('snipped')
+                          or '/preview/' in format_url
+                          or re.search(r'/(?:preview|playlist)/0/30/', stream_url))
+
+            formats.append({
+                'format_id': join_nonempty(protocol, preset, is_preview and 'preview', delim='_'),
                 'url': stream_url,
                 'ext': ext,
-            }, protocol, t.get('snipped') or '/preview/' in format_url)
+                'acodec': codec,
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+                'abr': abr,
+                'protocol': 'm3u8_native' if protocol in ('hls', 'hls-aes') else 'http',
+                'container': 'm4a_dash' if ext == 'm4a' else None,
+                'quality': 5 if is_premium else 0 if (abr and abr >= 160) else -1,
+                'format_note': 'Premium' if is_premium else None,
+                'preference': -10 if is_preview else None,
+            })
 
-        for f in formats:
-            f['vcodec'] = 'none'
-
-        if not formats and info.get('policy') == 'BLOCK':
-            self.raise_geo_restricted(metadata_available=True)
+        if not formats:
+            if has_drm:
+                self.report_drm(track_id)
+            if info.get('policy') == 'BLOCK':
+                self.raise_geo_restricted(metadata_available=True)
 
         user = info.get('user') or {}
 
         thumbnails = []
         artwork_url = info.get('artwork_url')
         thumbnail = artwork_url or user.get('avatar_url')
-        if isinstance(thumbnail, str):
-            if re.search(self._IMAGE_REPL_RE, thumbnail):
+        if url_or_none(thumbnail):
+            if mobj := re.search(self._IMAGE_REPL_RE, thumbnail):
                 for image_id, size in self._ARTWORK_MAP.items():
+                    # Soundcloud serves JPEG regardless of URL's ext *except* for "original" thumb
+                    ext = mobj.group('ext') if image_id == 'original' else 'jpg'
                     i = {
                         'id': image_id,
-                        'url': re.sub(self._IMAGE_REPL_RE, f'-{image_id}.jpg', thumbnail),
+                        'url': re.sub(self._IMAGE_REPL_RE, f'-{image_id}.{ext}', thumbnail),
                     }
                     if image_id == 'tiny' and not artwork_url:
                         size = 18
@@ -367,7 +363,8 @@ def extract_count(key):
             'uploader_id': str_or_none(user.get('id')) or user.get('permalink'),
             'uploader_url': user.get('permalink_url'),
             'timestamp': unified_timestamp(info.get('created_at')),
-            'title': title,
+            'title': info.get('title'),
+            'track': info.get('title'),
             'description': info.get('description'),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
             'duration': float_or_none(info.get('duration'), 1000),
@@ -377,7 +374,9 @@ def extract_count(key):
             'like_count': extract_count('favoritings') or extract_count('likes'),
             'comment_count': extract_count('comment'),
             'repost_count': extract_count('reposts'),
-            'genres': traverse_obj(info, ('genre', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}, all)),
+            'genres': traverse_obj(info, ('genre', {str}, filter, all, filter)),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(info, ('tag_list', {self._TAGS_RE.findall}, ..., ..., filter)),
+            'artists': traverse_obj(info, ('publisher_metadata', 'artist', {str}, filter, all, filter)),
             'formats': formats if not extract_flat else None,
         }
 
@@ -399,7 +398,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                     (?:(?:(?:www\.|m\.)?soundcloud\.com/
                             (?!stations/track)
                             (?P<uploader>[\w\d-]+)/
-                            (?!(?:tracks|albums|sets(?:/.+?)?|reposts|likes|spotlight)/?(?:$|[?#]))
+                            (?!(?:tracks|albums|sets(?:/.+?)?|reposts|likes|spotlight|comments)/?(?:$|[?#]))
                             (?P<title>[\w\d-]+)
                             (?:/(?P<token>(?!(?:albums|sets|recommended))[^?]+?))?
                             (?:[?].*)?$)
@@ -416,6 +415,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'id': '62986583',
                 'ext': 'opus',
                 'title': 'Lostin Powers - She so Heavy (SneakPreview) Adrian Ackers Blueprint 1',
+                'track': 'Lostin Powers - She so Heavy (SneakPreview) Adrian Ackers Blueprint 1',
                 'description': 'No Downloads untill we record the finished version this weekend, i was too pumped n i had to post it , earl is prolly gonna b hella p.o\'d',
                 'uploader': 'E.T. ExTerrestrial Music',
                 'uploader_id': '1571244',
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000031955188-rwb18x-original.jpg',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/ethmusic',
-                'genres': [],
+                'tags': 'count:14',
             },
         },
         # geo-restricted
@@ -439,12 +439,13 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'id': '47127627',
                 'ext': 'opus',
                 'title': 'Goldrushed',
+                'track': 'Goldrushed',
                 'description': 'From Stockholm Sweden\r\nPovel / Magnus / Filip / David\r\nwww.theroyalconcept.com',
                 'uploader': 'The Royal Concept',
                 'uploader_id': '9615865',
                 'timestamp': 1337635207,
                 'upload_date': '20120521',
-                'duration': 227.155,
+                'duration': 227.103,
                 'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'like_count': int,
@@ -453,6 +454,8 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/the-concept-band',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-v8bFHhXm7Au6-0-original.jpg',
                 'genres': ['Alternative'],
+                'artists': ['The Royal Concept'],
+                'tags': [],
             },
         },
         # private link
@@ -463,6 +466,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'id': '123998367',
                 'ext': 'mp3',
                 'title': 'Youtube - Dl Test Video \'\' Ä↭',
+                'track': 'Youtube - Dl Test Video \'\' Ä↭',
                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭',
                 'uploader': 'jaimeMF',
                 'uploader_id': '69767071',
@@ -477,6 +481,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/jaimemf',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://a1.sndcdn.com/images/default_avatar_large.png',
                 'genres': ['youtubedl'],
+                'tags': [],
             },
         },
         # private link (alt format)
@@ -487,6 +492,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'id': '123998367',
                 'ext': 'mp3',
                 'title': 'Youtube - Dl Test Video \'\' Ä↭',
+                'track': 'Youtube - Dl Test Video \'\' Ä↭',
                 'description': 'test chars:  "\'/\\ä↭',
                 'uploader': 'jaimeMF',
                 'uploader_id': '69767071',
@@ -501,16 +507,18 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/jaimemf',
                 'thumbnail': 'https://a1.sndcdn.com/images/default_avatar_large.png',
                 'genres': ['youtubedl'],
+                'tags': [],
             },
         },
         # downloadable song
         {
             'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/the80m/the-following',
-            'md5': '9ffcddb08c87d74fb5808a3c183a1d04',
+            'md5': 'ecb87d7705d5f53e6c02a63760573c75',  # wav: '9ffcddb08c87d74fb5808a3c183a1d04'
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '343609555',
-                'ext': 'wav',
+                'ext': 'opus',  # wav original available with auth
                 'title': 'The Following',
+                'track': 'The Following',
                 'description': '',
                 'uploader': '80M',
                 'uploader_id': '312384765',
@@ -525,16 +533,21 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'view_count': int,
                 'genres': ['Dance & EDM'],
+                'artists': ['80M'],
+                'tags': ['80M', 'EDM', 'Dance', 'Music'],
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Original download format is only available for registered users'],
         },
         # private link, downloadable format
+        # tags with spaces (e.g. "Uplifting Trance", "Ori Uplift")
         {
             'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/oriuplift/uponly-238-no-talking-wav/s-AyZUd',
-            'md5': '64a60b16e617d41d0bef032b7f55441e',
+            'md5': '2e1530d0e9986a833a67cb34fc90ece0',  # wav: '64a60b16e617d41d0bef032b7f55441e'
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '340344461',
-                'ext': 'wav',
+                'ext': 'opus',  # wav original available with auth
                 'title': 'Uplifting Only 238 [No Talking] (incl. Alex Feed Guestmix) (Aug 31, 2017) [wav]',
+                'track': 'Uplifting Only 238 [No Talking] (incl. Alex Feed Guestmix) (Aug 31, 2017) [wav]',
                 'description': 'md5:fa20ee0fca76a3d6df8c7e57f3715366',
                 'uploader': 'Ori Uplift Music',
                 'uploader_id': '12563093',
@@ -549,7 +562,10 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000240712245-kedn4p-original.jpg',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/oriuplift',
                 'genres': ['Trance'],
+                'artists': ['Ori Uplift'],
+                'tags': ['Orchestral', 'Emotional', 'Uplifting Trance', 'Trance', 'Ori Uplift', 'UpOnly'],
             },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Original download format is only available for registered users'],
         },
         # no album art, use avatar pic for thumbnail
         {
@@ -559,6 +575,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'id': '309699954',
                 'ext': 'mp3',
                 'title': 'Sideways (Prod. Mad Real)',
+                'track': 'Sideways (Prod. Mad Real)',
                 'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
                 'uploader': 'garyvee',
                 'uploader_id': '2366352',
@@ -572,7 +589,8 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/garyvee',
-                'genres': [],
+                'artists': ['MadReal'],
+                'tags': [],
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
@@ -585,6 +603,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'id': '583011102',
                 'ext': 'opus',
                 'title': 'Mezzo Valzer',
+                'track': 'Mezzo Valzer',
                 'description': 'md5:f4d5f39d52e0ccc2b4f665326428901a',
                 'uploader': 'Giovanni Sarani',
                 'uploader_id': '3352531',
@@ -599,8 +618,47 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'genres': ['Piano'],
                 'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/giovannisarani',
+                'tags': 'count:10',
             },
         },
+        # .png "original" artwork, 160kbps m4a HLS format
+        {
+            'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/skorxh/audio-dealer',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '2011421339',
+                'ext': 'm4a',
+                'title': 'audio dealer',
+                'description': '',
+                'uploader': '$KORCH',
+                'uploader_id': '150292288',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/skorxh',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'duration': 213.469,
+                'tags': [],
+                'artists': ['$KORXH'],
+                'track': 'audio dealer',
+                'timestamp': 1737143201,
+                'upload_date': '20250117',
+                'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-original.png',
+                'thumbnails': [
+                    {'id': 'mini', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-mini.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'tiny', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-tiny.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'small', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-small.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'badge', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-badge.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 't67x67', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-t67x67.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'large', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-large.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 't300x300', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-t300x300.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'crop', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-crop.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 't500x500', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-t500x500.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'original', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-original.png'},
+                ],
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8', 'format': 'hls_aac_160k'},
+        },
         {
             # AAC HQ format available (account with active subscription needed)
             'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/wandw/the-chainsmokers-ft-daya-dont-let-me-down-ww-remix-1',
@@ -660,6 +718,11 @@ def _extract_set(self, playlist, token=None):
                     'playlistId': playlist_id,
                     'playlistSecretToken': token,
                 }, headers=self._HEADERS)
+        album_info = traverse_obj(playlist, {
+            'album': ('title', {str}),
+            'album_artist': ('user', 'username', {str}),
+            'album_type': ('set_type', {str}, {lambda x: x or 'playlist'}),
+        })
         entries = []
         for track in tracks:
             track_id = str_or_none(track.get('id'))
@@ -671,11 +734,17 @@ def _extract_set(self, playlist, token=None):
                 if token:
                     url += '?secret_token=' + token
             entries.append(self.url_result(
-                url, SoundcloudIE.ie_key(), track_id))
+                url, SoundcloudIE.ie_key(), track_id, url_transparent=True, **album_info))
         return self.playlist_result(
             entries, playlist_id,
             playlist.get('title'),
-            playlist.get('description'))
+            playlist.get('description'),
+            **album_info,
+            **traverse_obj(playlist, {
+                'uploader': ('user', 'username', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('user', 'id', {str_or_none}),
+            }),
+        )
 
 
 class SoundcloudSetIE(SoundcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
@@ -687,6 +756,11 @@ class SoundcloudSetIE(SoundcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
             'id': '2284613',
             'title': 'The Royal Concept EP',
             'description': 'md5:71d07087c7a449e8941a70a29e34671e',
+            'uploader': 'The Royal Concept',
+            'uploader_id': '9615865',
+            'album': 'The Royal Concept EP',
+            'album_artists': ['The Royal Concept'],
+            'album_type': 'ep',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 5,
     }, {
@@ -780,7 +854,7 @@ class SoundcloudUserIE(SoundcloudPagedPlaylistBaseIE):
                             (?:(?:www|m)\.)?soundcloud\.com/
                             (?P<user>[^/]+)
                             (?:/
-                                (?P<rsrc>tracks|albums|sets|reposts|likes|spotlight)
+                                (?P<rsrc>tracks|albums|sets|reposts|likes|spotlight|comments)
                             )?
                             /?(?:[?#].*)?$
                     '''
@@ -834,6 +908,13 @@ class SoundcloudUserIE(SoundcloudPagedPlaylistBaseIE):
             'title': 'Grynpyret (Spotlight)',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 1,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/one-thousand-and-one/comments',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '992430331',
+            'title': '7x11x13-testing (Comments)',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
     }]
 
     _BASE_URL_MAP = {
@@ -844,6 +925,7 @@ class SoundcloudUserIE(SoundcloudPagedPlaylistBaseIE):
         'reposts': 'stream/users/%s/reposts',
         'likes': 'users/%s/likes',
         'spotlight': 'users/%s/spotlight',
+        'comments': 'users/%s/comments',
     }
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -964,6 +1046,11 @@ class SoundcloudPlaylistIE(SoundcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
             'id': '4110309',
             'title': 'TILT Brass - Bowery Poetry Club, August \'03 [Non-Site SCR 02]',
             'description': 're:.*?TILT Brass - Bowery Poetry Club',
+            'uploader': 'Non-Site Records',
+            'uploader_id': '33660914',
+            'album_artists': ['Non-Site Records'],
+            'album_type': 'playlist',
+            'album': 'TILT Brass - Bowery Poetry Club, August \'03 [Non-Site SCR 02]',
         },
         'playlist_count': 6,
     }]
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py
index 773ddd344..d35214aa8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from .bunnycdn import BunnyCdnIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import try_get, unified_timestamp
+from ..utils import make_archive_id, try_get, unified_timestamp
 
 
 class SovietsClosetBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ class SovietsClosetIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):
             'url': 'https://sovietscloset.com/video/1337',
             'md5': 'bd012b04b261725510ca5383074cdd55',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '1337',
+                'id': '2f0cfbf4-3588-43a9-a7d6-7c9ea3755e67',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'The Witcher #13',
                 'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/2f0cfbf4-3588-43a9-a7d6-7c9ea3755e67/thumbnail\.jpg$',
@@ -55,20 +56,23 @@ class SovietsClosetIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):
                 'upload_date': '20170413',
                 'uploader_id': 'SovietWomble',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://www.twitch.tv/SovietWomble',
-                'duration': 7007,
+                'duration': 7008,
                 'was_live': True,
                 'availability': 'public',
                 'series': 'The Witcher',
                 'season': 'Misc',
                 'episode_number': 13,
                 'episode': 'Episode 13',
+                'creators': ['SovietWomble'],
+                'description': '',
+                '_old_archive_ids': ['sovietscloset 1337'],
             },
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://sovietscloset.com/video/1105',
             'md5': '89fa928f183893cb65a0b7be846d8a90',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '1105',
+                'id': 'c0e5e76f-3a93-40b4-bf01-12343c2eec5d',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Arma 3 - Zeus Games #5',
                 'uploader': 'SovietWomble',
@@ -80,39 +84,20 @@ class SovietsClosetIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):
                 'upload_date': '20160420',
                 'uploader_id': 'SovietWomble',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://www.twitch.tv/SovietWomble',
-                'duration': 8804,
+                'duration': 8805,
                 'was_live': True,
                 'availability': 'public',
                 'series': 'Arma 3',
                 'season': 'Zeus Games',
                 'episode_number': 5,
                 'episode': 'Episode 5',
+                'creators': ['SovietWomble'],
+                'description': '',
+                '_old_archive_ids': ['sovietscloset 1105'],
             },
         },
     ]
 
-    def _extract_bunnycdn_iframe(self, video_id, bunnycdn_id):
-        iframe = self._download_webpage(
-            f'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/5105/{bunnycdn_id}',
-            video_id, note='Downloading BunnyCDN iframe', headers=self.MEDIADELIVERY_REFERER)
-
-        m3u8_url = self._search_regex(r'(https?://.*?\.m3u8)', iframe, 'm3u8 url')
-        thumbnail_url = self._search_regex(r'(https?://.*?thumbnail\.jpg)', iframe, 'thumbnail url')
-
-        m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, headers=self.MEDIADELIVERY_REFERER)
-
-        if not m3u8_formats:
-            duration = None
-        else:
-            duration = self._extract_m3u8_vod_duration(
-                m3u8_formats[0]['url'], video_id, headers=self.MEDIADELIVERY_REFERER)
-
-        return {
-            'formats': m3u8_formats,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail_url,
-            'duration': duration,
-        }
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
@@ -122,13 +107,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         stream = self.parse_nuxt_jsonp(f'{static_assets_base}/video/{video_id}/payload.js', video_id, 'video')['stream']
 
-        return {
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/5105/{stream["bunnyId"]}', ie=BunnyCdnIE, url_transparent=True,
             **self.video_meta(
                 video_id=video_id, game_name=stream['game']['name'],
                 category_name=try_get(stream, lambda x: x['subcategory']['name'], str),
                 episode_number=stream.get('number'), stream_date=stream.get('date')),
-            **self._extract_bunnycdn_iframe(video_id, stream['bunnyId']),
-        }
+            _old_archive_ids=[make_archive_id(self, video_id)])
 
 
 class SovietsClosetPlaylistIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py
index 6805a72de..05f0bb146 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/spankbang.py
@@ -71,9 +71,11 @@ class SpankBangIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
         video_id = mobj.group('id') or mobj.group('id_2')
+        country = self.get_param('geo_bypass_country') or 'US'
+        self._set_cookie('.spankbang.com', 'country', country.upper())
         webpage = self._download_webpage(
             url.replace(f'/{video_id}/embed', f'/{video_id}/video'),
-            video_id, headers={'Cookie': 'country=US'})
+            video_id, impersonate=True)
 
         if re.search(r'<[^>]+\b(?:id|class)=["\']video_removed', webpage):
             raise ExtractorError(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py
index d1df45969..c64c2fcd2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/spreaker.py
@@ -2,13 +2,16 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_qs,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 def _extract_episode(data, episode_id=None):
@@ -58,15 +61,10 @@ def duration(key):
 
 
 class SpreakerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-                    https?://
-                        api\.spreaker\.com/
-                        (?:
-                            (?:download/)?episode|
-                            v2/episodes
-                        )/
-                        (?P<id>\d+)
-                    '''
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://api\.spreaker\.com/(?:(?:download/)?episode|v2/episodes)/(?P<id>\d+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/episode/[^#?/]*?(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:[?#]|$)',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/episode/12534508',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -83,7 +81,9 @@ class SpreakerIE(InfoExtractor):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
-            'series': 'Success With Music (SWM)',
+            'series': 'Success With Music | SWM',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_square_limited_160/images.spreaker.com/original/777ce4f96b71b0e1b7c09a5e625210e3.jpg',
+            'creators': ['SWM'],
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/download/episode/12534508/swm_ep15_how_to_market_your_music_part_2.mp3',
@@ -91,52 +91,75 @@ class SpreakerIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/12534508?export=episode_segments',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'episode',
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/episode/grunge-music-origins-the-raw-sound-that-defined-a-generation--60269615',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '60269615',
+            'display_id': 'grunge-music-origins-the-raw-sound-that-',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Grunge Music Origins - The Raw Sound that Defined a Generation',
+            'description': str,
+            'timestamp': 1717468905,
+            'upload_date': '20240604',
+            'uploader': 'Katie Brown 2',
+            'uploader_id': '17733249',
+            'duration': 818.83,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'series': '90s Grunge',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://d3wo5wojvuv7l.cloudfront.net/t_square_limited_160/images.spreaker.com/original/bb0d4178f7cf57cc8786dedbd9c5d969.jpg',
+            'creators': ['Katie Brown 2'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/episode/60269615',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         episode_id = self._match_id(url)
         data = self._download_json(
-            f'https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/{episode_id}',
-            episode_id)['response']['episode']
+            f'https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/{episode_id}', episode_id,
+            query=traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), {'key': ('key', 0)}))['response']['episode']
         return _extract_episode(data, episode_id)
 
 
-class SpreakerPageIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/user/[^/]+/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/user/9780658/swm-ep15-how-to-market-your-music-part-2',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        episode_id = self._search_regex(
-            (r'data-episode_id=["\'](?P<id>\d+)',
-             r'episode_id\s*:\s*(?P<id>\d+)'), webpage, 'episode id')
-        return self.url_result(
-            f'https://api.spreaker.com/episode/{episode_id}',
-            ie=SpreakerIE.ie_key(), video_id=episode_id)
-
-
 class SpreakerShowIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://api\.spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://api\.spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>\d+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/podcast/[\w-]+--(?P<id>[\d]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>\d+)/episodes/feed',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://api.spreaker.com/show/4652058',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4652058',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 118,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/health-wealth--5918323',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5918323',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 60,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/show/5887186/episodes/feed',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5887186',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 290,
     }]
 
-    def _entries(self, show_id):
+    def _entries(self, show_id, key=None):
         for page_num in itertools.count(1):
             episodes = self._download_json(
                 f'https://api.spreaker.com/show/{show_id}/episodes',
-                show_id, note=f'Downloading JSON page {page_num}', query={
+                show_id, note=f'Downloading JSON page {page_num}', query=filter_dict({
                     'page': page_num,
                     'max_per_page': 100,
-                })
+                    'key': key,
+                }))
             pager = try_get(episodes, lambda x: x['response']['pager'], dict)
             if not pager:
                 break
@@ -152,21 +175,5 @@ def _entries(self, show_id):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         show_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id), playlist_id=show_id)
-
-
-class SpreakerShowPageIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?spreaker\.com/show/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.spreaker.com/show/success-with-music',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        show_id = self._search_regex(
-            r'show_id\s*:\s*(?P<id>\d+)', webpage, 'show id')
-        return self.url_result(
-            f'https://api.spreaker.com/show/{show_id}',
-            ie=SpreakerShowIE.ie_key(), video_id=show_id)
+        key = traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('key', 0))
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(show_id, key), playlist_id=show_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
index d2f207fcc..830018518 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stacommu.py
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class TheaterComplexTownPPVIE(TheaterComplexTownBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theater-complex\.town/(?:(?:en|ja)/)?ppv/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?theater-complex\.town/(?:(?:en|ja)/)?(?:ppv|live)/(?P<id>\w+)'
     IE_NAME = 'theatercomplextown:ppv'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/ppv/wytW3X7khrjJBUpKuV3jen',
@@ -229,6 +229,9 @@ class TheaterComplexTownPPVIE(TheaterComplexTownBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/ja/ppv/qwUVmLmGEiZ3ZW6it9uGys',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.theater-complex.town/en/live/79akNM7bJeD5Fi9EP39aDp',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _API_PATH = 'events'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/streaks.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/streaks.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1b3718473
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/streaks.py
@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+import json
+import urllib.parse
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    filter_dict,
+    float_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    unsmuggle_url,
+    update_url_query,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class StreaksBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _API_URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://{}.api.streaks.jp/v1/projects/{}/medias/{}{}'
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['JP']
+
+    def _extract_from_streaks_api(self, project_id, media_id, headers=None, query=None, ssai=False):
+        try:
+            response = self._download_json(
+                self._API_URL_TEMPLATE.format('playback', project_id, media_id, ''),
+                media_id, 'Downloading STREAKS playback API JSON', headers={
+                    'Accept': 'application/json',
+                    'Origin': 'https://players.streaks.jp',
+                    **self.geo_verification_headers(),
+                    **(headers or {}),
+                })
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status in {403, 404}:
+                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read().decode(), media_id, fatal=False)
+                message = traverse_obj(error, ('message', {str}))
+                code = traverse_obj(error, ('code', {str}))
+                if code == 'REQUEST_FAILED':
+                    self.raise_geo_restricted(message, countries=self._GEO_COUNTRIES)
+                elif code == 'MEDIA_NOT_FOUND':
+                    raise ExtractorError(message, expected=True)
+                elif code or message:
+                    raise ExtractorError(join_nonempty(code, message, delim=': '))
+            raise
+
+        streaks_id = response['id']
+        live_status = {
+            'clip': 'was_live',
+            'file': 'not_live',
+            'linear': 'is_live',
+            'live': 'is_live',
+        }.get(response.get('type'))
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        drm_formats = False
+
+        for source in traverse_obj(response, ('sources', lambda _, v: v['src'])):
+            if source.get('key_systems'):
+                drm_formats = True
+                continue
+
+            src_url = source['src']
+            is_live = live_status == 'is_live'
+            ext = mimetype2ext(source.get('type'))
+            if ext != 'm3u8':
+                self.report_warning(f'Unsupported stream type: {ext}')
+                continue
+
+            if is_live and ssai:
+                session_params = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+                    self._API_URL_TEMPLATE.format('ssai', project_id, streaks_id, '/ssai/session'),
+                    media_id, 'Downloading session parameters',
+                    headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json', 'Accept': 'application/json'},
+                    data=json.dumps({'id': source['id']}).encode(),
+                ), (0, 'query', {urllib.parse.parse_qs}))
+                src_url = update_url_query(src_url, session_params)
+
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                src_url, media_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False, live=is_live, query=query)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        if not formats and drm_formats:
+            self.report_drm(media_id)
+        self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
+
+        for subs in traverse_obj(response, (
+            'tracks', lambda _, v: v['kind'] in ('captions', 'subtitles') and url_or_none(v['src']),
+        )):
+            lang = traverse_obj(subs, ('srclang', {str.lower})) or 'ja'
+            subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append({'url': subs['src']})
+
+        return {
+            'id': streaks_id,
+            'display_id': media_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'uploader_id': project_id,
+            **traverse_obj(response, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}, filter),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+                'thumbnails': (('poster', 'thumbnail'), 'src', {'url': {url_or_none}}),
+                'timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class StreaksIE(StreaksBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://players\.streaks\.jp/(?P<project_id>[\w-]+)/[\da-f]+/index\.html\?(?:[^#]+&)?m=(?P<id>(?:ref:)?[\w-]+)',
+        r'https?://playback\.api\.streaks\.jp/v1/projects/(?P<project_id>[\w-]+)/medias/(?P<id>(?:ref:)?[\w-]+)',
+    ]
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe\s+[^>]*\bsrc\s*=\s*["\'](?P<url>{_VALID_URL[0]})']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://players.streaks.jp/tipness/08155cd19dc14c12bebefb69b92eafcc/index.html?m=dbdf2df35b4d483ebaeeaeb38c594647',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'dbdf2df35b4d483ebaeeaeb38c594647',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '3shunenCM_edit.mp4',
+            'display_id': 'dbdf2df35b4d483ebaeeaeb38c594647',
+            'duration': 47.533,
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'modified_date': '20230726',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1690356180,
+            'timestamp': 1690355996,
+            'upload_date': '20230726',
+            'uploader_id': 'tipness',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://players.streaks.jp/ktv-web/0298e8964c164ab384c07ef6e08c444b/index.html?m=ref:mycoffeetime_250317',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'dccdc079e3fd41f88b0c8435e2d453ab',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'わたしの珈琲時間_250317',
+            'display_id': 'ref:mycoffeetime_250317',
+            'duration': 122.99,
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'modified_date': '20250310',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1741586302,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1741585839,
+            'upload_date': '20250310',
+            'uploader_id': 'ktv-web',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://playback.api.streaks.jp/v1/projects/ktv-web/medias/b5411938e1e5435dac71edf829dd4813',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'b5411938e1e5435dac71edf829dd4813',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'KANTELE_SYUSEi_0630',
+            'display_id': 'b5411938e1e5435dac71edf829dd4813',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'modified_date': '20250122',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1737522999,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1735205137,
+            'upload_date': '20241226',
+            'uploader_id': 'ktv-web',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # TVer Olympics: website already down, but api remains accessible
+        'url': 'https://playback.api.streaks.jp/v1/projects/tver-olympic/medias/ref:sp_240806_1748_dvr',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'c10f7345adb648cf804d7578ab93b2e3',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'サッカー 男子 準決勝_dvr',
+            'display_id': 'ref:sp_240806_1748_dvr',
+            'duration': 12960.0,
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'modified_date': '20240805',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1722896263,
+            'timestamp': 1722777618,
+            'upload_date': '20240804',
+            'uploader_id': 'tver-olympic',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # TBS FREE: 24-hour stream
+        'url': 'https://playback.api.streaks.jp/v1/projects/tbs/medias/ref:simul-02',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'c4e83a7b48f4409a96adacec674b4e22',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': str,
+            'display_id': 'ref:simul-02',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'modified_date': '20241031',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1730339858,
+            'timestamp': 1705466840,
+            'upload_date': '20240117',
+            'uploader_id': 'tbs',
+        },
+    }, {
+        # DRM protected
+        'url': 'https://players.streaks.jp/sp-jbc/a12d7ee0f40c49d6a0a2bff520639677/index.html?m=5f89c62f37ee4a68be8e6e3b1396c7d8',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://event.play.jp/playnext2023/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2d975178293140dc8074a7fc536a7604',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'PLAY NEXTキームービー（本番）',
+            'uploader_id': 'play',
+            'duration': 17.05,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1668387517,
+            'upload_date': '20221114',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1739411523,
+            'modified_date': '20250213',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://wowshop.jp/Page/special/cooking_goods/?bid=wowshop&srsltid=AfmBOor_phUNoPEE_UCPiGGSCMrJE5T2US397smvsbrSdLqUxwON0el4',
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '?bid=wowshop&srsltid=AfmBOor_phUNoPEE_UCPiGGSCMrJE5T2US397smvsbrSdLqUxwON0el4',
+            'title': 'ワンランク上の料理道具でとびきりの“おいしい”を食卓へ｜wowshop',
+            'description': 'md5:914b5cb8624fc69274c7fb7b2342958f',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://wowshop.jp/Page/special/cooking_goods/images/ogp.jpg',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
+        project_id, media_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('project_id', 'id')
+
+        return self._extract_from_streaks_api(
+            project_id, media_id, headers=filter_dict({
+                'X-Streaks-Api-Key': smuggled_data.get('api_key'),
+            }))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
index 31c8afbc6..84846042f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/stripchat.py
@@ -28,24 +28,21 @@ class StripchatIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, headers=self.geo_verification_headers())
+        data = self._search_json(
+            r'<script\b[^>]*>\s*window\.__PRELOADED_STATE__\s*=',
+            webpage, 'data', video_id, transform_source=lowercase_escape)
 
-        data = self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'<script\b[^>]*>\s*window\.__PRELOADED_STATE__\s*=(?P<value>.*?)<\/script>',
-                webpage, 'data', default='{}', group='value'),
-            video_id, transform_source=lowercase_escape, fatal=False)
-        if not data:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find configuration for stream.')
-
-        if traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'show'), expected_type=dict):
-            raise ExtractorError('Model is in private show', expected=True)
-        elif not traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'isLive'), expected_type=bool):
+        if traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'show', {dict})):
+            raise ExtractorError('Model is in a private show', expected=True)
+        if not traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'isLive', {bool})):
             raise UserNotLive(video_id=video_id)
 
-        model_id = traverse_obj(data, ('viewCam', 'model', 'id'), expected_type=int)
+        model_id = data['viewCam']['model']['id']
 
         formats = []
-        for host in traverse_obj(data, ('config', 'data', (
+        # HLS hosts are currently found in .configV3.static.features.hlsFallback.fallbackDomains[]
+        # The rest of the path is for backwards compatibility and to guard against A/B testing
+        for host in traverse_obj(data, ((('config', 'data'), ('configV3', 'static')), (
                 (('features', 'featuresV2'), 'hlsFallback', 'fallbackDomains', ...), 'hlsStreamHost'))):
             formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                 f'https://edge-hls.{host}/hls/{model_id}/master/{model_id}_auto.m3u8',
@@ -53,7 +50,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             if formats:
                 break
         if not formats:
-            self.raise_no_formats('No active streams found', expected=True)
+            self.raise_no_formats('Unable to extract stream host', video_id=video_id)
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/subsplash.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/subsplash.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..33494e8db
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/subsplash.py
@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+import functools
+import math
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    InAdvancePagedList,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    try_call,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class SubsplashBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _get_headers(self, url, display_id):
+        token = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies(url)['ss-token-guest'].value)
+        if not token:
+            webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, display_id)
+            token = (
+                try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies(url)['ss-token-guest'].value)
+                or urlh.get_header('x-api-token')
+                or self._search_json(
+                    r'<script[^>]+\bid="shoebox-tokens"[^>]*>', webpage, 'shoebox tokens',
+                    display_id, default={}).get('apiToken')
+                or self._search_regex(r'\\"tokens\\":{\\"guest\\":\\"([A-Za-z0-9._-]+)\\"', webpage, 'token', default=None))
+
+        if not token:
+            self.report_warning('Unable to extract auth token')
+            return None
+        return {'Authorization': f'Bearer {token}'}
+
+    def _extract_video(self, data, video_id):
+        formats = []
+        video_data = traverse_obj(data, ('_embedded', 'video', '_embedded', {dict}))
+        m3u8_url = traverse_obj(video_data, ('playlists', 0, '_links', 'related', 'href', {url_or_none}))
+        if m3u8_url:
+            formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+        mp4_entry = traverse_obj(video_data, ('video-outputs', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['_links']['related']['href']), any))
+        if mp4_entry:
+            formats.append({
+                'url': mp4_entry['_links']['related']['href'],
+                'format_id': 'direct',
+                'quality': 1,
+                **traverse_obj(mp4_entry, {
+                    'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                    'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                    'filesize': ('file_size', {int_or_none}),
+                }),
+            })
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('summary_text', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('_embedded', 'images', 0, '_links', 'related', 'href', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('_embedded', 'video', 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('date', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('published_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('updated_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class SubsplashIE(SubsplashBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?subsplash\.com/(?:u/)?[^/?#]+/[^/?#]+/(?:d/|mi/\+)(?P<id>\w+)',
+        r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?subspla\.sh/(?P<id>\w+)',
+    ]
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://subsplash.com/u/skywatchtv/media/d/5whnx5s-the-grand-delusion-taking-place-right-now',
+        'md5': 'd468729814e533cec86f1da505dec82d',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5whnx5s',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'THE GRAND DELUSION TAKING PLACE RIGHT NOW!',
+            'description': 'md5:220a630865c3697b0ec9dcb3a70cbc33',
+            'upload_date': '20240901',
+            'duration': 1710,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
+            'modified_date': '20240901',
+            'release_date': '20240901',
+            'release_timestamp': 1725195600,
+            'timestamp': 1725148800,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1725195657,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://subsplash.com/u/prophecywatchers/media/d/n4dr8b2-the-transhumanist-plan-for-humanity-billy-crone',
+        'md5': '01982d58021af81c969958459bd81f13',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'n4dr8b2',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Transhumanist Plan for Humanity | Billy Crone',
+            'upload_date': '20240903',
+            'duration': 1709,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
+            'timestamp': 1725321600,
+            'modified_date': '20241010',
+            'release_date': '20240903',
+            'release_timestamp': 1725379200,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1728577804,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://subsplash.com/laiglesiadelcentro/vid/mi/+ecb6a6b?autoplay=true',
+        'md5': '013c9b1e391dd4b34d8612439445deef',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ecb6a6b',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)$',
+            'release_timestamp': 1477095852,
+            'title': 'En el Principio Era el Verbo | EVANGELIO DE JUAN | Ps. Gadiel Ríos',
+            'timestamp': 1425772800,
+            'upload_date': '20150308',
+            'description': 'md5:f368221de93176654989ba66bb564798',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1730258864,
+            'modified_date': '20241030',
+            'release_date': '20161022',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://prophecywatchers.subspla.sh/8gps8cx',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data = self._download_json(
+            'https://core.subsplash.com/media/v1/media-items',
+            video_id, headers=self._get_headers(url, video_id),
+            query={
+                'filter[short_code]': video_id,
+                'include': 'images,audio.audio-outputs,audio.video,video.video-outputs,video.playlists,document,broadcast',
+            })
+        return self._extract_video(traverse_obj(data, ('_embedded', 'media-items', 0)), video_id)
+
+
+class SubsplashPlaylistIE(SubsplashBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'subsplash:playlist'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?subsplash\.com/[^/?#]+/(?:our-videos|media)/ms/\+(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _PAGE_SIZE = 15
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://subsplash.com/skywatchtv/our-videos/ms/+dbyjzp8',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'dbyjzp8',
+            'title': 'Five in Ten',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 11,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://subsplash.com/prophecywatchers/media/ms/+n42mr48',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'n42mr48',
+            'title': 'Road to Zion Series',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 13,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://subsplash.com/prophecywatchers/media/ms/+918b9f6',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, series_id, headers, page):
+        data = self._download_json(
+            'https://core.subsplash.com/media/v1/media-items', series_id, headers=headers,
+            query={
+                'filter[broadcast.status|broadcast.status]': 'null|on-demand',
+                'filter[media_series]': series_id,
+                'filter[status]': 'published',
+                'include': 'images,audio.audio-outputs,audio.video,video.video-outputs,video.playlists,document',
+                'page[number]': page + 1,
+                'page[size]': self._PAGE_SIZE,
+                'sort': '-position',
+            }, note=f'Downloading page {page + 1}')
+
+        for entry in traverse_obj(data, ('_embedded', 'media-items', lambda _, v: v['short_code'])):
+            entry_id = entry['short_code']
+            info = self._extract_video(entry, entry_id)
+            yield {
+                **info,
+                'webpage_url': f'https://subspla.sh/{entry_id}',
+                'extractor_key': SubsplashIE.ie_key(),
+                'extractor': SubsplashIE.IE_NAME,
+            }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        headers = self._get_headers(url, display_id)
+
+        data = self._download_json(
+            'https://core.subsplash.com/media/v1/media-series', display_id, headers=headers,
+            query={'filter[short_code]': display_id})
+        series_data = traverse_obj(data, ('_embedded', 'media-series', 0, {
+            'id': ('id', {str}),
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'count': ('media_items_count', {int}),
+        }))
+        total_pages = math.ceil(series_data['count'] / self._PAGE_SIZE)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            InAdvancePagedList(functools.partial(self._entries, series_data['id'], headers), total_pages, self._PAGE_SIZE),
+            display_id, series_data['title'])
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py
index 30cb322dc..b70d40f2c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/substack.py
@@ -2,7 +2,13 @@
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import js_to_json, str_or_none, traverse_obj
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    js_to_json,
+    str_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class SubstackIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -43,6 +49,19 @@ class SubstackIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': "Andrew Zimmern's Spilled Milk ",
             'uploader_id': '577659',
         },
+    }, {
+        # Podcast that needs its file extension resolved to mp3
+        'url': 'https://persuasion1.substack.com/p/summers',
+        'md5': '1456a755d46084744facdfac9edf900f',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '141970405',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'title': 'Larry Summers on What Went Wrong on Campus',
+            'description': 'Yascha Mounk and Larry Summers also discuss the promise and perils of artificial intelligence.',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://substackcdn\.com/image/.+\.jpeg',
+            'uploader': 'Persuasion',
+            'uploader_id': '61579',
+        },
     }]
 
     @classmethod
@@ -89,7 +108,15 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         post_type = webpage_info['post']['type']
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
         if post_type == 'podcast':
-            formats, subtitles = [{'url': webpage_info['post']['podcast_url']}], {}
+            fmt = {'url': webpage_info['post']['podcast_url']}
+            if not determine_ext(fmt['url'], default_ext=None):
+                # The redirected format URL expires but the original URL doesn't,
+                # so we only want to extract the extension from this request
+                fmt['ext'] = determine_ext(self._request_webpage(
+                    HEADRequest(fmt['url']), display_id,
+                    'Resolving podcast file extension',
+                    'Podcast URL is invalid').url)
+            formats.append(fmt)
         elif post_type == 'video':
             formats, subtitles = self._extract_video_formats(webpage_info['post']['videoUpload']['id'], canonical_url)
         else:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
index 38782abac..b5df2e1a1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/svt.py
@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         title = self._og_search_title(webpage)
 
         urql_state = self._search_json(
-            r'window\.svt\.nyh\.urqlState\s*=', webpage, 'json data', display_id)
+            r'window\.svt\.(?:nyh\.)?urqlState\s*=', webpage, 'json data', display_id)
 
         data = traverse_obj(urql_state, (..., 'data', {str}, {json.loads}), get_all=False) or {}
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/taptap.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/taptap.py
index e4c31da4e..f5900194f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/taptap.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/taptap.py
@@ -191,12 +191,12 @@ class TapTapAppIE(TapTapBaseIE):
     }]
 
 
-class TapTapIntlBase(TapTapBaseIE):
+class TapTapIntlBaseIE(TapTapBaseIE):
     _X_UA = 'V=1&PN=WebAppIntl2&LANG=zh_TW&VN_CODE=115&VN=0.1.0&LOC=CN&PLT=PC&DS=Android&UID={uuid}&CURR=&DT=PC&OS=Windows&OSV=NT%208.0.0'
     _VIDEO_API = 'https://www.taptap.io/webapiv2/video-resource/v1/multi-get'
 
 
-class TapTapAppIntlIE(TapTapIntlBase):
+class TapTapAppIntlIE(TapTapIntlBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.taptap\.io/app/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _INFO_API = 'https://www.taptap.io/webapiv2/i/app/v5/detail'
     _DATA_PATH = 'app'
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ class TapTapAppIntlIE(TapTapIntlBase):
     }]
 
 
-class TapTapPostIntlIE(TapTapIntlBase):
+class TapTapPostIntlIE(TapTapIntlBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.taptap\.io/post/(?P<id>\d+)'
     _INFO_API = 'https://www.taptap.io/webapiv2/creation/post/v1/detail'
     _INFO_QUERY_KEY = 'id_str'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
index 32f9cfbde..0d521f106 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tbsjp.py
@@ -3,14 +3,12 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
-    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     int_or_none,
     str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
     unified_timestamp,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
 
 
 class TBSJPEpisodeIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -64,7 +62,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
 
         return {
-            'title': try_call(lambda: clean_html(get_element_text_and_html_by_tag('h3', webpage)[0])),
+            'title': traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(tag='h3')}, {clean_html})),
             'id': video_id,
             **traverse_obj(episode, {
                 'categories': ('keywords', {list}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
index 3fb899cac..a94ff9b33 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/teamcoco.py
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'blocks', lambda _, v: v['name'] in ('meta-tags', 'video-player', 'video-info'), 'props', {dict})))
 
         thumbnail = traverse_obj(
-            info, (('image', 'poster'), {lambda x: urljoin('https://teamcoco.com/', x)}), get_all=False)
+            info, (('image', 'poster'), {urljoin('https://teamcoco.com/')}), get_all=False)
         video_id = traverse_obj(parse_qs(thumbnail), ('id', 0)) or display_id
 
         formats, subtitles = self._get_formats_and_subtitles(info, video_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tele13.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tele13.py
index c5ca208fb..0d721773e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tele13.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tele13.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 
 class Tele13IE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://(?:www\.)?t13\.cl/videos(?:/[^/]+)+/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?t13\.cl/videos(?:/[^/]+)+/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'http://www.t13.cl/videos/actualidad/el-circulo-de-hierro-de-michelle-bachelet-en-su-regreso-a-la-moneda',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
index 7a9dcd71c..a34f2afd4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
@@ -2,15 +2,69 @@
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     str_or_none,
-    try_get,
+    traverse_obj,
+    update_url,
+    url_or_none,
 )
 
 
-class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
+class TelecincoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _parse_content(self, content, url):
+        video_id = content['dataMediaId']
+        config = self._download_json(
+            content['dataConfig'], video_id, 'Downloading config JSON')
+        services = config['services']
+        caronte = self._download_json(services['caronte'], video_id)
+        if traverse_obj(caronte, ('dls', 0, 'drm', {bool})):
+            self.report_drm(video_id)
+
+        stream = caronte['dls'][0]['stream']
+        headers = {
+            'Referer': url,
+            'Origin': re.match(r'https?://[^/]+', url).group(0),
+        }
+        geo_headers = {**headers, **self.geo_verification_headers()}
+
+        try:
+            cdn = self._download_json(
+                caronte['cerbero'], video_id, data=json.dumps({
+                    'bbx': caronte['bbx'],
+                    'gbx': self._download_json(services['gbx'], video_id)['gbx'],
+                }).encode(), headers={
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                    **geo_headers,
+                })['tokens']['1']['cdn']
+        except ExtractorError as error:
+            if isinstance(error.cause, HTTPError) and error.cause.status == 403:
+                error_code = traverse_obj(
+                    self._webpage_read_content(error.cause.response, caronte['cerbero'], video_id, fatal=False),
+                    ({json.loads}, 'code', {int}))
+                if error_code in (4038, 40313):
+                    self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['ES'])
+            raise
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+            update_url(stream, query=cdn), video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', headers=geo_headers)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': traverse_obj(config, ('info', 'title', {str})),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'thumbnail': (traverse_obj(content, ('dataPoster', {url_or_none}))
+                          or traverse_obj(config, 'poster', 'imageUrl', expected_type=url_or_none)),
+            'duration': traverse_obj(content, ('dataDuration', {int_or_none})),
+            'http_headers': headers,
+        }
+
+
+class TelecincoIE(TelecincoBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'telecinco.es, cuatro.com and mediaset.es'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:telecinco\.es|cuatro\.com|mediaset\.es)/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>.+?)\.html'
 
@@ -30,6 +84,7 @@ class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 662,
             },
         }],
+        'skip': 'HTTP Error 410 Gone',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.cuatro.com/deportes/futbol/barcelona/Leo_Messi-Champions-Roma_2_2052780128.html',
         'md5': 'c86fe0d99e3bdb46b7950d38bf6ef12a',
@@ -40,23 +95,24 @@ class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:a62ecb5f1934fc787107d7b9a2262805',
             'duration': 79,
         },
+        'skip': 'Redirects to main page',
     }, {
         'url': 'http://www.mediaset.es/12meses/campanas/doylacara/conlatratanohaytrato/Ayudame-dar-cara-trata-trato_2_1986630220.html',
-        'md5': 'eddb50291df704ce23c74821b995bcac',
+        'md5': '5ce057f43f30b634fbaf0f18c71a140a',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'aywerkD2Sv1vGNqq9b85Q2',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': '#DOYLACARA. Con la trata no hay trato',
-            'description': 'md5:2771356ff7bfad9179c5f5cd954f1477',
             'duration': 50,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://album.mediaset.es/eimg/2017/11/02/1tlQLO5Q3mtKT24f3EaC24.jpg',
         },
     }, {
         # video in opening's content
         'url': 'https://www.telecinco.es/vivalavida/fiorella-sobrina-edmundo-arrocet-entrevista_18_2907195140.html',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '2907195140',
+            'id': '1691427',
             'title': 'La surrealista entrevista a la sobrina de Edmundo Arrocet: "No puedes venir aquí y tomarnos por tontos"',
-            'description': 'md5:73f340a7320143d37ab895375b2bf13a',
+            'description': r're:Fiorella, la sobrina de Edmundo Arrocet, concedió .{727}',
         },
         'playlist': [{
             'md5': 'adb28c37238b675dad0f042292f209a7',
@@ -65,6 +121,7 @@ class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'La surrealista entrevista a la sobrina de Edmundo Arrocet: "No puedes venir aquí y tomarnos por tontos"',
                 'duration': 1015,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://album.mediaset.es/eimg/2020/02/29/5opaC37lUhKlZ7FoDhiVC.jpg',
             },
         }],
         'params': {
@@ -81,66 +138,29 @@ class TelecincoIE(InfoExtractor):
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
-    def _parse_content(self, content, url):
-        video_id = content['dataMediaId']
-        config = self._download_json(
-            content['dataConfig'], video_id, 'Downloading config JSON')
-        title = config['info']['title']
-        services = config['services']
-        caronte = self._download_json(services['caronte'], video_id)
-        stream = caronte['dls'][0]['stream']
-        headers = self.geo_verification_headers()
-        headers.update({
-            'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
-            'Origin': re.match(r'https?://[^/]+', url).group(0),
-        })
-        cdn = self._download_json(
-            caronte['cerbero'], video_id, data=json.dumps({
-                'bbx': caronte['bbx'],
-                'gbx': self._download_json(services['gbx'], video_id)['gbx'],
-            }).encode(), headers=headers)['tokens']['1']['cdn']
-        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-            stream + '?' + cdn, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': content.get('dataPoster') or config.get('poster', {}).get('imageUrl'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(content.get('dataDuration')),
-        }
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
-        article = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.article(?:_multisite)?\s*=\s*({.+})',
-            webpage, 'article'), display_id)['article']
-        title = article.get('title')
-        description = clean_html(article.get('leadParagraph')) or ''
+        article = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.article(?:_multisite)?\s*=',
+            webpage, 'article', display_id)['article']
+        description = traverse_obj(article, ('leadParagraph', {clean_html}, filter))
+
         if article.get('editorialType') != 'VID':
             entries = []
-            body = [article.get('opening')]
-            body.extend(try_get(article, lambda x: x['body'], list) or [])
-            for p in body:
-                if not isinstance(p, dict):
-                    continue
-                content = p.get('content')
-                if not content:
-                    continue
+
+            for p in traverse_obj(article, ((('opening', all), 'body'), lambda _, v: v['content'])):
+                content = p['content']
                 type_ = p.get('type')
-                if type_ == 'paragraph':
-                    content_str = str_or_none(content)
-                    if content_str:
-                        description += content_str
-                    continue
-                if type_ == 'video' and isinstance(content, dict):
+                if type_ == 'paragraph' and isinstance(content, str):
+                    description = join_nonempty(description, content, delim='')
+                elif type_ == 'video' and isinstance(content, dict):
                     entries.append(self._parse_content(content, url))
+
             return self.playlist_result(
-                entries, str_or_none(article.get('id')), title, description)
-        content = article['opening']['content']
-        info = self._parse_content(content, url)
-        info.update({
-            'description': description,
-        })
+                entries, str_or_none(article.get('id')),
+                traverse_obj(article, ('title', {str})), clean_html(description))
+
+        info = self._parse_content(article['opening']['content'], url)
+        info['description'] = description
         return info
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
index b65116024..02a6ea85b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telewebion.py
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@
 
 
 def _fmt_url(url):
-    return functools.partial(format_field, template=url, default=None)
+    return format_field(template=url, default=None)
 
 
 class TelewebionIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _WORKING = False
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?telewebion\.com/episode/(?P<id>(?:0x[a-fA-F\d]+|\d+))'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'http://www.telewebion.com/episode/0x1b3139c/',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
index fc2b07ac2..b281ad1a9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tencent.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import random
 import re
 import string
@@ -278,7 +277,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             webpage)]
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            episode_paths, series_id, ie=VQQVideoIE, getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url),
+            episode_paths, series_id, ie=VQQVideoIE, getter=urljoin(url),
             title=self._get_clean_title(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'title'))
                                         or self._og_search_title(webpage)),
             description=(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'description'))
@@ -328,7 +327,7 @@ def _extract_series(self, url, ie):
                          or re.findall(r'<a[^>]+class="play-video__link"[^>]+href="(?P<path>[^"]+)', webpage))
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            episode_paths, series_id, ie=ie, getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url),
+            episode_paths, series_id, ie=ie, getter=urljoin(url),
             title=self._get_clean_title(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'title'))
                                         or self._og_search_title(webpage)),
             description=(traverse_obj(webpage_metadata, ('coverInfo', 'description'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
index d8c556ace..cc7bc3b2f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tenplay.py
@@ -1,33 +1,30 @@
-import base64
-import datetime as dt
-import functools
 import itertools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
-from ..utils import int_or_none, traverse_obj, urlencode_postdata, urljoin
+from ..utils import int_or_none, traverse_obj, url_or_none, urljoin
 
 
 class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?10play\.com\.au/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<id>tpv\d{6}[a-z]{5})'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = '10play'
     _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/neighbours/web-extras/season-39/nathan-borg-is-the-first-aussie-actor-with-a-cochlear-implant-to-join-neighbours/tpv210128qupwd',
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/neighbours/web-extras/season-41/heres-a-first-look-at-mischa-bartons-neighbours-debut/tpv230911hyxnz',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6226844312001',
+            'id': '6336940246112',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Nathan Borg Is The First Aussie Actor With A Cochlear Implant To Join Neighbours',
-            'alt_title': 'Nathan Borg Is The First Aussie Actor With A Cochlear Implant To Join Neighbours',
-            'description': 'md5:a02d0199c901c2dd4c796f1e7dd0de43',
-            'duration': 186,
-            'season': 'Season 39',
-            'season_number': 39,
+            'title': 'Here\'s A First Look At Mischa Barton\'s Neighbours Debut',
+            'alt_title': 'Here\'s A First Look At Mischa Barton\'s Neighbours Debut',
+            'description': 'Neighbours Premieres Monday, September 18 At 4:30pm On 10 And 10 Play And 6:30pm On 10 Peach',
+            'duration': 74,
+            'season': 'Season 41',
+            'season_number': 41,
             'series': 'Neighbours',
             'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
             'uploader': 'Channel 10',
             'age_limit': 15,
-            'timestamp': 1611810000,
-            'upload_date': '20210128',
+            'timestamp': 1694386800,
+            'upload_date': '20230910',
             'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
         },
         'params': {
@@ -35,21 +32,30 @@ class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
         },
         'skip': 'Only available in Australia',
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/todd-sampsons-body-hack/episodes/season-4/episode-7/tpv200921kvngh',
+        'url': 'https://10play.com.au/neighbours/episodes/season-42/episode-9107/tpv240902nzqyp',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6192880312001',
+            'id': '9000000000091177',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "Todd Sampson's Body Hack - S4 Ep. 2",
-            'description': 'md5:fa278820ad90f08ea187f9458316ac74',
+            'title': 'Neighbours - S42 Ep. 9107',
+            'alt_title': 'Thu 05 Sep',
+            'description': 'md5:37a1f4271be34b9ee2b533426a5fbaef',
+            'duration': 1388,
+            'episode': 'Episode 9107',
+            'episode_number': 9107,
+            'season': 'Season 42',
+            'season_number': 42,
+            'series': 'Neighbours',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
             'age_limit': 15,
-            'timestamp': 1600770600,
-            'upload_date': '20200922',
+            'timestamp': 1725517860,
+            'upload_date': '20240905',
             'uploader': 'Channel 10',
             'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
         },
+        'skip': 'Only available in Australia',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://10play.com.au/how-to-stay-married/web-extras/season-1/terrys-talks-ep-1-embracing-change/tpv190915ylupc',
         'only_matching': True,
@@ -66,55 +72,42 @@ class TenPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
         'X': 18,
     }
 
-    def _get_bearer_token(self, video_id):
-        username, password = self._get_login_info()
-        if username is None or password is None:
-            self.raise_login_required('Your 10play account\'s details must be provided with --username and --password.')
-        _timestamp = dt.datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d000000')
-        _auth_header = base64.b64encode(_timestamp.encode('ascii')).decode('ascii')
-        data = self._download_json('https://10play.com.au/api/user/auth', video_id, 'Getting bearer token', headers={
-            'X-Network-Ten-Auth': _auth_header,
-        }, data=urlencode_postdata({
-            'email': username,
-            'password': password,
-        }))
-        return 'Bearer ' + data['jwt']['accessToken']
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         content_id = self._match_id(url)
         data = self._download_json(
             'https://10play.com.au/api/v1/videos/' + content_id, content_id)
-        headers = {}
 
-        if data.get('memberGated') is True:
-            _token = self._get_bearer_token(content_id)
-            headers = {'Authorization': _token}
-
-        _video_url = self._download_json(
-            data.get('playbackApiEndpoint'), content_id, 'Downloading video JSON',
-            headers=headers).get('source')
-        m3u8_url = self._request_webpage(HEADRequest(
-            _video_url), content_id).url
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://vod.ten.com.au/api/videos/bcquery?command=find_videos_by_id&video_id={data["altId"]}',
+            content_id, 'Downloading video JSON')
+        m3u8_url = self._request_webpage(
+            HEADRequest(video_data['items'][0]['HLSURL']),
+            content_id, 'Checking stream URL').url
         if '10play-not-in-oz' in m3u8_url:
             self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['AU'])
+        # Attempt to get a higher quality stream
+        m3u8_url = m3u8_url.replace(',150,75,55,0000', ',300,150,75,55,0000')
         formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, content_id, 'mp4')
 
         return {
+            'id': content_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'subtitles': {'en': [{'url': data.get('captionUrl')}]} if data.get('captionUrl') else None,
-            'id': data.get('altId') or content_id,
-            'duration': data.get('duration'),
-            'title': data.get('subtitle'),
-            'alt_title': data.get('title'),
-            'description': data.get('description'),
-            'age_limit': self._AUS_AGES.get(data.get('classification')),
-            'series': data.get('tvShow'),
-            'season_number': int_or_none(data.get('season')),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(data.get('episode')),
-            'timestamp': data.get('published'),
-            'thumbnail': data.get('imageUrl'),
+            'subtitles': {'en': [{'url': data['captionUrl']}]} if url_or_none(data.get('captionUrl')) else None,
             'uploader': 'Channel 10',
             'uploader_id': '2199827728001',
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'id': ('altId', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'title': ('subtitle', {str}),
+                'alt_title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'age_limit': ('classification', {self._AUS_AGES.get}),
+                'series': ('tvShow', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('season', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('published', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('imageUrl', {url_or_none}),
+            }),
         }
 
 
@@ -167,4 +160,4 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             self._entries(urljoin(url, episodes_carousel['loadMoreUrl']), playlist_id),
             playlist_id, traverse_obj(season_info, ('content', 0, 'title', {str})),
-            getter=functools.partial(urljoin, url))
+            getter=urljoin(url))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py
index a9e499064..7e8f9fef2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/theguardian.py
@@ -131,4 +131,4 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         return self.playlist_from_matches(
             self._entries(url, podcast_id), podcast_id, title, description=description,
-            ie=TheGuardianPodcastIE, getter=lambda x: urljoin('https://www.theguardian.com', x))
+            ie=TheGuardianPodcastIE, getter=urljoin('https://www.theguardian.com'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py
index 7c1769c2d..b73bea18f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/theplatform.py
@@ -118,8 +118,9 @@ def extract_site_specific_field(field):
                 'categories', lambda _, v: v.get('label') in ('category', None), 'name', {str})) or None,
             'tags': traverse_obj(info, ('keywords', {lambda x: re.split(r'[;,]\s?', x) if x else None})),
             'location': extract_site_specific_field('region'),
-            'series': extract_site_specific_field('show'),
+            'series': extract_site_specific_field('show') or extract_site_specific_field('seriesTitle'),
             'season_number': int_or_none(extract_site_specific_field('seasonNumber')),
+            'episode_number': int_or_none(extract_site_specific_field('episodeNumber')),
             'media_type': extract_site_specific_field('programmingType') or extract_site_specific_field('type'),
         }
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
index 9d823a315..d9280cec1 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
     srt_subtitles_timecode,
     str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    truncate_string,
     try_call,
     try_get,
     url_or_none,
@@ -249,6 +250,12 @@ def _extract_web_data_and_status(self, url, video_id, fatal=True):
         elif fatal:
             raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract webpage video data')
 
+        if not traverse_obj(video_data, ('video', {dict})) and traverse_obj(video_data, ('isContentClassified', {bool})):
+            message = 'This post may not be comfortable for some audiences. Log in for access'
+            if fatal:
+                self.raise_login_required(message)
+            self.report_warning(f'{message}. {self._login_hint()}', video_id=video_id)
+
         return video_data, status
 
     def _get_subtitles(self, aweme_detail, aweme_id, user_name):
@@ -413,15 +420,6 @@ def extract_addr(addr, add_meta={}):
             for f in formats:
                 self._set_cookie(urllib.parse.urlparse(f['url']).hostname, 'sid_tt', auth_cookie.value)
 
-        thumbnails = []
-        for cover_id in ('cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover', 'animated_cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover_bak',
-                         'origin_cover', 'dynamic_cover'):
-            for cover_url in traverse_obj(video_info, (cover_id, 'url_list', ...)):
-                thumbnails.append({
-                    'id': cover_id,
-                    'url': cover_url,
-                })
-
         stats_info = aweme_detail.get('statistics') or {}
         music_info = aweme_detail.get('music') or {}
         labels = traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('hybrid_label', ..., 'text'), expected_type=str)
@@ -447,7 +445,7 @@ def extract_addr(addr, add_meta={}):
         return {
             'id': aweme_id,
             **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, {
-                'title': ('desc', {str}),
+                'title': ('desc', {truncate_string(left=72)}),
                 'description': ('desc', {str}),
                 'timestamp': ('create_time', {int_or_none}),
             }),
@@ -467,9 +465,19 @@ def extract_addr(addr, add_meta={}):
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': self.extract_subtitles(
                 aweme_detail, aweme_id, traverse_obj(author_info, 'uploader', 'uploader_id', 'channel_id')),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+            'thumbnails': [
+                {
+                    'id': cover_id,
+                    'url': cover_url,
+                    'preference': -1 if cover_id in ('cover', 'origin_cover') else -2,
+                }
+                for cover_id in (
+                    'cover', 'ai_dynamic_cover', 'animated_cover',
+                    'ai_dynamic_cover_bak', 'origin_cover', 'dynamic_cover')
+                for cover_url in traverse_obj(video_info, (cover_id, 'url_list', ...))
+            ],
             'duration': (traverse_obj(video_info, (
-                (None, 'download_addr'), 'duration', {functools.partial(int_or_none, scale=1000)}, any))
+                (None, 'download_addr'), 'duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}, any))
                 or traverse_obj(music_info, ('duration', {int_or_none}))),
             'availability': self._availability(
                 is_private='Private' in labels,
@@ -542,16 +550,12 @@ def _extract_web_formats(self, aweme_detail):
                 **COMMON_FORMAT_INFO,
                 'format_id': 'download',
                 'url': self._proto_relative_url(download_url),
+                'format_note': 'watermarked',
+                'preference': -2,
             })
 
         self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
 
-        for f in traverse_obj(formats, lambda _, v: 'unwatermarked' not in v['url']):
-            f.update({
-                'format_note': join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), 'watermarked', delim=', '),
-                'preference': f.get('preference') or -2,
-            })
-
         # Is it a slideshow with only audio for download?
         if not formats and traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('music', 'playUrl', {url_or_none})):
             audio_url = aweme_detail['music']['playUrl']
@@ -565,7 +569,8 @@ def _extract_web_formats(self, aweme_detail):
                 'vcodec': 'none',
             })
 
-        return formats
+        # Filter out broken formats, see https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11034
+        return [f for f in formats if urllib.parse.urlparse(f['url']).hostname != 'www.tiktok.com']
 
     def _parse_aweme_video_web(self, aweme_detail, webpage_url, video_id, extract_flat=False):
         author_info = traverse_obj(aweme_detail, (('authorInfo', 'author', None), {
@@ -586,15 +591,15 @@ def _parse_aweme_video_web(self, aweme_detail, webpage_url, video_id, extract_fl
                 author_info, ['uploader', 'uploader_id'], self._UPLOADER_URL_FORMAT, default=None),
             **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('music', {
                 'track': ('title', {str}),
-                'album': ('album', {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'album': ('album', {str}, filter),
                 'artists': ('authorName', {str}, {lambda x: re.split(r'(?:, | & )', x) if x else None}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
             })),
             **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, {
-                'title': ('desc', {str}),
+                'title': ('desc', {truncate_string(left=72)}),
                 'description': ('desc', {str}),
                 # audio-only slideshows have a video duration of 0 and an actual audio duration
-                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'timestamp': ('createTime', {int_or_none}),
             }),
             **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ('stats', {
@@ -603,11 +608,15 @@ def _parse_aweme_video_web(self, aweme_detail, webpage_url, video_id, extract_fl
                 'repost_count': 'shareCount',
                 'comment_count': 'commentCount',
             }), expected_type=int_or_none),
-            'thumbnails': traverse_obj(aweme_detail, (
-                (None, 'video'), ('thumbnail', 'cover', 'dynamicCover', 'originCover'), {
-                    'url': ({url_or_none}, {self._proto_relative_url}),
-                },
-            )),
+            'thumbnails': [
+                {
+                    'id': cover_id,
+                    'url': self._proto_relative_url(cover_url),
+                    'preference': -2 if cover_id == 'dynamicCover' else -1,
+                }
+                for cover_id in ('thumbnail', 'cover', 'dynamicCover', 'originCover')
+                for cover_url in traverse_obj(aweme_detail, ((None, 'video'), cover_id, {url_or_none}))
+            ],
         }
 
 
@@ -648,7 +657,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '6742501081818877190',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:5e2a23877420bb85ce6521dbee39ba94',
+            'title': 'Tag 1 Friend reverse this Video and look what happens 🤩😱 @skyandtami ...',
             'description': 'md5:5e2a23877420bb85ce6521dbee39ba94',
             'duration': 27,
             'height': 1024,
@@ -852,7 +861,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '7253412088251534594',
             'ext': 'm4a',
-            'title': 'я ред флаг простите #переписка #щитпост #тревожныйтиппривязанности #рекомендации ',
+            'title': 'я ред флаг простите #переписка #щитпост #тревожныйтиппривязанности #р...',
             'description': 'я ред флаг простите #переписка #щитпост #тревожныйтиппривязанности #рекомендации ',
             'uploader': 'hara_yoimiya',
             'uploader_id': '6582536342634676230',
@@ -893,8 +902,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         if video_data and status == 0:
             return self._parse_aweme_video_web(video_data, url, video_id)
-        elif status == 10216:
-            raise ExtractorError('This video is private', expected=True)
+        elif status in (10216, 10222):
+            # 10216: private post; 10222: private account
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'You do not have permission to view this post. Log into an account that has access')
+        elif status == 10204:
+            raise ExtractorError('Your IP address is blocked from accessing this post', expected=True)
         raise ExtractorError(f'Video not available, status code {status}', video_id=video_id)
 
 
@@ -1496,7 +1509,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
             sdk_params = traverse_obj(stream, ('main', 'sdk_params', {parse_inner}, {
                 'vcodec': ('VCodec', {str}),
-                'tbr': ('vbitrate', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'tbr': ('vbitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'resolution': ('resolution', {lambda x: re.match(r'(?i)\d+x\d+|\d+p', x).group().lower()}),
             }))
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py
index d5dbf007b..805e2686f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubetugraz.py
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ class TubeTuGrazSeriesIE(TubeTuGrazBaseIE):
                 },
             },
         ],
-        'min_playlist_count': 4,
+        'playlist_mincount': 4,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py
index 85eb3a211..694a92fcd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tubitv.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
+    strip_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
@@ -132,12 +133,12 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': strip_or_none(title),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
             'season_number': int_or_none(season_number),
             'episode_number': int_or_none(episode_number),
-            'episode': episode_title,
+            'episode': strip_or_none(episode_title),
             **traverse_obj(video_data, {
                 'description': ('description', {str}),
                 'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
index 7f851bf63..1f2c9b19c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tumblr.py
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@
     ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
 class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<blog_name>[^/?#&]+)\.tumblr\.com/(?:post|video)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:$|[/?#])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?P<blog_name_1>[^/?#&]+)\.tumblr\.com/(?:post|video|(?P<blog_name_2>[a-zA-Z\d-]+))/(?P<id>[0-9]+)(?:$|[/?#])'
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'tumblr'
     _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.tumblr.com/login'
     _OAUTH_URL = 'https://www.tumblr.com/api/v2/oauth2/token'
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'age_limit': 0,
             'tags': [],
         },
+        'skip': '404',
     }, {
         'note': 'dashboard only (original post)',
         'url': 'https://jujanon.tumblr.com/post/159704441298/my-baby-eating',
@@ -98,7 +100,6 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
             'age_limit': 0,
-            'tags': [],
         },
     }, {
         'note': 'dashboard only (external)',
@@ -109,14 +110,13 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'The Blues Remembers Everything the Country Forgot',
             'alt_title': 'The Blues Remembers Everything the Country Forgot',
             'description': 'md5:1a6b4097e451216835a24c1023707c79',
-            'release_date': '20201224',
             'creator': 'md5:c2239ba15430e87c3b971ba450773272',
             'uploader': 'Moor Mother - Topic',
             'upload_date': '20201223',
             'uploader_id': 'UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i.ytimg.com/.*',
-            'channel': 'Moor Mother - Topic',
+            'channel': 'Moor Mother',
             'channel_id': 'UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxrMtFBRkFvQJ_vVM4il08w',
             'channel_follower_count': int,
@@ -135,24 +135,10 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'release_year': 2020,
         },
         'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://naked-yogi.tumblr.com/post/118312946248/naked-smoking-stretching',
-        'md5': 'de07e5211d60d4f3a2c3df757ea9f6ab',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'Wmur',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'naked smoking & stretching',
-            'upload_date': '20150506',
-            'timestamp': 1430931613,
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'uploader_id': '1638622',
-            'uploader': 'naked-yogi',
-        },
-        # 'add_ie': ['Vidme'],
-        'skip': 'dead embedded video host',
+        'skip': 'Video Unavailable',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://prozdvoices.tumblr.com/post/673201091169681408/what-recording-voice-acting-sounds-like',
-        'md5': 'a0063fc8110e6c9afe44065b4ea68177',
+        'md5': 'cb8328a6723c30556cef59e370202918',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'eomhW5MLGWA',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -160,8 +146,8 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'description': 'md5:1da3faa22d0e0b1d8b50216c284ee798',
             'uploader': 'ProZD',
             'upload_date': '20220112',
-            'uploader_id': 'ProZD',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/ProZD',
+            'uploader_id': '@ProZD',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ProZD',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i.ytimg.com/.*',
             'channel': 'ProZD',
             'channel_id': 'UC6MFZAOHXlKK1FI7V0XQVeA',
@@ -176,6 +162,10 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'live_status': 'not_live',
             'playable_in_embed': True,
             'availability': 'public',
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'timestamp': 1642014562,
+            'comment_count': int,
         },
         'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
     }, {
@@ -183,37 +173,22 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
         'md5': '203e9eb8077e3f45bfaeb4c86c1467b8',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '87816359',
-            'ext': 'mov',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'Harold Ramis',
-            'description': 'md5:be8e68cbf56ce0785c77f0c6c6dfaf2c',
+            'description': 'md5:c99882405fcca0b1d348ad093f8f1672',
             'uploader': 'Resolution Productions Group',
             'uploader_id': 'resolutionproductions',
             'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/resolutionproductions',
             'upload_date': '20140227',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://i.vimeocdn.com/video/.*',
-            'timestamp': 1393523719,
+            'timestamp': 1393541719,
             'duration': 291,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'release_timestamp': 1393541719,
+            'release_date': '20140227',
         },
         'add_ie': ['Vimeo'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://sutiblr.tumblr.com/post/139638707273',
-        'md5': '2dd184b3669e049ba40563a7d423f95c',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'ir7qBEIKqvq',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Vine by sutiblr',
-            'alt_title': 'Vine by sutiblr',
-            'uploader': 'sutiblr',
-            'uploader_id': '1198993975374495744',
-            'upload_date': '20160220',
-            'like_count': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'repost_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-            'timestamp': 1455940159,
-            'view_count': int,
-        },
-        'add_ie': ['Vine'],
     }, {
         'url': 'https://silami.tumblr.com/post/84250043974/my-bad-river-flows-in-you-impression-on-maschine',
         'md5': '3c92d7c3d867f14ccbeefa2119022277',
@@ -232,13 +207,156 @@ class TumblrIE(InfoExtractor):
             'upload_date': '20140429',
         },
         'add_ie': ['Instagram'],
+    }, {
+        'note': 'new url scheme',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/autumnsister/765162750456578048?source=share',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '765162750456578048',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://autumnsister.tumblr.com/',
+            'tags': ['autumn', 'food', 'curators on tumblr'],
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://64.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_sklad89N3x1ygquow_frame1.jpg',
+            'title': '🪹',
+            'uploader_id': 'autumnsister',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'bandcamp album embed',
+        'url': 'https://patricia-taxxon.tumblr.com/post/704473755725004800/patricia-taxxon-agnes-hilda-patricia-taxxon',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'agnes-hilda',
+            'title': 'Agnes & Hilda',
+            'description': 'The inexplicable joy of an artist. Wash paws after listening.',
+            'uploader_id': 'patriciataxxon',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 8,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'bandcamp track embeds (many)',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/felixcosm/730460905855467520/if-youre-looking-for-new-music-to-write-or',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '730460905855467520',
+            'uploader_id': 'felixcosm',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'tags': 'count:15',
+            'description': 'md5:2eb3482a3c6987280cbefb6839068f32',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'title': 'If you\'re looking for new music to write or imagine scenerios to: STOP. This is for you.',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://felixcosm.tumblr.com/',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 10,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'soundcloud track embed',
+        'url': 'https://silverfoxstole.tumblr.com/post/765305403763556352/jamie-robertson-doctor-who-8th-doctor',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1218136399',
+            'ext': 'opus',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'genres': [],
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'Jamie Robertson',
+            'title': 'Doctor Who - 8th doctor -   Stranded Theme never released and used.',
+            'duration': 46.106,
+            'uploader_id': '2731064',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-MVgcPm5jN42isC5M-6Dz22w-original.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1645181261,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/jamierobertson',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'upload_date': '20220218',
+            'description': 'md5:ab924dd9994d0a7d64d6d31bf2af4625',
+            'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'soundcloud set embed',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/beyourselfchulanmaria/703505323122638848/chu-lan-maria-the-playlist-%E5%BF%83%E7%9A%84%E5%91%BC%E5%96%9A-call-of-the',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '691222680',
+            'title': '心的呼喚 Call of the heart I',
+            'description': 'md5:25952a8d178a3aa55e40fcbb646a38c3',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 19,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'dailymotion video embed',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/funvibecentral/759390024460632064',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x94cnnk',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'description': 'Funny dailymotion shorts.\n#funny #fun#comedy #romantic #exciting',
+            'uploader': 'FunVibe Central',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'timestamp': 1724210553,
+            'title': 'Woman watching other Woman',
+            'tags': [],
+            'upload_date': '20240821',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': 'x32m6ye',
+            'duration': 20,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://(?:s[12]\.)dmcdn\.net/v/Wtqh01cnxKNXLG1N8/x1080',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'tiktok video embed',
+        'url': 'https://fansofcolor.tumblr.com/post/660637918605475840/blockquote-class-tiktok-embed',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7000937272010935558',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'artists': ['Alicia Dreaming'],
+            'like_count': int,
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[\w\/\.\-]+(~[\w\-]+\.image)?',
+            'channel_id': 'MS4wLjABAAAAsJohwz_dU4KfAOc61cbGDAZ46-5hg2ANTXVQlRe1ipDhpX08PywR3PPiple1NTAo',
+            'uploader': 'aliciadreaming',
+            'description': 'huge casting news Greyworm will be  #louisdulac #racebending #interviewwiththevampire',
+            'title': 'huge casting news Greyworm will be  #louisdulac #racebending #interviewwiththevampire',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@MS4wLjABAAAAsJohwz_dU4KfAOc61cbGDAZ46-5hg2ANTXVQlRe1ipDhpX08PywR3PPiple1NTAo',
+            'uploader_id': '7000478462196990982',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.tiktok.com/@aliciadreaming',
+            'timestamp': 1630032733,
+            'channel': 'Alicia Dreaming',
+            'track': 'original sound',
+            'upload_date': '20210827',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'duration': 59,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'tumblr video AND youtube embed',
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/anyaboz/765332564457209856/my-music-video-for-selkie-by-nobodys-wolf-child',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '765332564457209856',
+            'uploader_id': 'anyaboz',
+            'repost_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://anyaboz.tumblr.com/',
+            'description': 'md5:9a129cf6ce9d87a80ffd3c6dedd4d1e6',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'title': 'md5:b18a2ac9387681d20303e485db85c1b5',
+            'tags': ['music video', 'nobodys wolf child', 'selkie', 'Stop Motion Animation', 'stop Motion', 'room guardians', 'Youtube'],
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+    }, {
+        # twitch_live provider - error when linked account is not live
+        'url': 'https://www.tumblr.com/anarcho-skamunist/722224493650722816/hollow-knight-stream-right-now-going-to-fight',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     _providers = {
         'instagram': 'Instagram',
         'vimeo': 'Vimeo',
-        'vine': 'Vine',
         'youtube': 'Youtube',
+        'dailymotion': 'Dailymotion',
+        'tiktok': 'TikTok',
+        'twitch_live': 'TwitchStream',
+        'bandcamp': None,
+        'soundcloud': None,
+    }
+    # known not to be supported
+    _unsupported_providers = {
+        # seems like podcasts can't be embedded
+        'spotify',
     }
 
     _ACCESS_TOKEN = None
@@ -256,23 +374,40 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         if not self._ACCESS_TOKEN:
             return
 
-        self._download_json(
-            self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Logging in',
-            data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'password': password,
-                'grant_type': 'password',
-                'username': username,
-            }), headers={
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
-            },
-            errnote='Login failed', fatal=False)
+        data = {
+            'password': password,
+            'grant_type': 'password',
+            'username': username,
+        }
+        if self.get_param('twofactor'):
+            data['tfa_token'] = self.get_param('twofactor')
+
+        def _call_login():
+            return self._download_json(
+                self._OAUTH_URL, None, 'Logging in',
+                data=urlencode_postdata(data),
+                headers={
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+                    'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}',
+                },
+                errnote='Login failed', fatal=False,
+                expected_status=lambda s: 400 <= s < 500)
+
+        response = _call_login()
+        if traverse_obj(response, 'error') == 'tfa_required':
+            data['tfa_token'] = self._get_tfa_info()
+            response = _call_login()
+        if traverse_obj(response, 'error'):
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                f'API returned error {": ".join(traverse_obj(response, (("error", "error_description"), {str})))}')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        blog, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        blog_1, blog_2, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        blog = blog_2 or blog_1
 
-        url = f'http://{blog}.tumblr.com/post/{video_id}/'
-        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(url, video_id)
+        url = f'http://{blog}.tumblr.com/post/{video_id}'
+        webpage, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
+            url, video_id, headers={'User-Agent': 'WhatsApp/2.0'})  # whatsapp ua bypasses problems
 
         redirect_url = urlh.url
 
@@ -289,23 +424,69 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 self._download_json(
                     f'https://www.tumblr.com/api/v2/blog/{blog}/posts/{video_id}/permalink',
                     video_id, headers={'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._ACCESS_TOKEN}'}, fatal=False),
-                ('response', 'timeline', 'elements', 0)) or {}
-        content_json = traverse_obj(post_json, ('trail', 0, 'content'), ('content')) or []
-        video_json = next(
-            (item for item in content_json if item.get('type') == 'video'), {})
-        media_json = video_json.get('media') or {}
-        if api_only and not media_json.get('url') and not video_json.get('url'):
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to find video data for dashboard-only post')
+                ('response', 'timeline', 'elements', 0, {dict})) or {}
+        content_json = traverse_obj(post_json, ((('trail', 0), None), 'content', ..., {dict}))
 
-        if not media_json.get('url') and video_json.get('url'):
-            # external video host
-            return self.url_result(
-                video_json['url'],
-                self._providers.get(video_json.get('provider'), 'Generic'))
+        # the url we're extracting from might be an original post or it might be a reblog.
+        # if it's a reblog, og:description will be the reblogger's comment, not the uploader's.
+        # content_json is always the op, so if it exists but has no text, there's no description
+        if content_json:
+            description = '\n\n'.join(
+                item.get('text') for item in content_json if item.get('type') == 'text') or None
+        else:
+            description = self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None)
+        uploader_id = traverse_obj(post_json, 'reblogged_root_name', 'blog_name')
 
-        video_url = self._og_search_video_url(webpage, default=None)
-        duration = None
+        info_dict = {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': post_json.get('summary') or (blog if api_only else self._html_search_regex(
+                r'(?s)<title>(?P<title>.*?)(?: \| Tumblr)?</title>', webpage, 'title', default=blog)),
+            'description': description,
+            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
+            'uploader_url': f'https://{uploader_id}.tumblr.com/' if uploader_id else None,
+            **traverse_obj(post_json, {
+                'like_count': ('like_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'repost_count': ('reblog_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+            }),
+            'age_limit': {True: 18, False: 0}.get(post_json.get('is_nsfw')),
+        }
+
+        # for tumblr's own video hosting
+        fallback_format = None
         formats = []
+        video_url = self._og_search_video_url(webpage, default=None)
+        # for external video hosts
+        entries = []
+        ignored_providers = set()
+        unknown_providers = set()
+
+        for video_json in traverse_obj(content_json, lambda _, v: v['type'] in ('video', 'audio')):
+            media_json = video_json.get('media') or {}
+            if api_only and not media_json.get('url') and not video_json.get('url'):
+                raise ExtractorError('Failed to find video data for dashboard-only post')
+            provider = video_json.get('provider')
+
+            if provider in ('tumblr', None):
+                fallback_format = {
+                    'url': media_json.get('url') or video_url,
+                    'width': int_or_none(
+                        media_json.get('width') or self._og_search_property('video:width', webpage, default=None)),
+                    'height': int_or_none(
+                        media_json.get('height') or self._og_search_property('video:height', webpage, default=None)),
+                }
+                continue
+            elif provider in self._unsupported_providers:
+                ignored_providers.add(provider)
+                continue
+            elif provider and provider not in self._providers:
+                unknown_providers.add(provider)
+            if video_json.get('url'):
+                # external video host
+                entries.append(self.url_result(
+                    video_json['url'], self._providers.get(provider)))
+
+        duration = None
 
         # iframes can supply duration and sometimes additional formats, so check for one
         iframe_url = self._search_regex(
@@ -344,44 +525,36 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                         'quality': quality,
                     } for quality, (video_url, format_id) in enumerate(sources)]
 
-        if not media_json.get('url') and not video_url and not iframe_url:
-            # external video host (but we weren't able to figure it out from the api)
-            iframe_url = self._search_regex(
-                r'src=["\'](https?://safe\.txmblr\.com/svc/embed/inline/[^"\']+)["\']',
-                webpage, 'embed iframe url', default=None)
-            return self.url_result(iframe_url or redirect_url, 'Generic')
+        if not formats and fallback_format:
+            formats.append(fallback_format)
 
-        formats = formats or [{
-            'url': media_json.get('url') or video_url,
-            'width': int_or_none(
-                media_json.get('width') or self._og_search_property('video:width', webpage, default=None)),
-            'height': int_or_none(
-                media_json.get('height') or self._og_search_property('video:height', webpage, default=None)),
-        }]
+        if formats:
+            # tumblr's own video is always above embeds
+            entries.insert(0, {
+                **info_dict,
+                'formats': formats,
+                'duration': duration,
+                'thumbnail': (traverse_obj(video_json, ('poster', 0, 'url', {url_or_none}))
+                              or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None)),
+            })
 
-        # the url we're extracting from might be an original post or it might be a reblog.
-        # if it's a reblog, og:description will be the reblogger's comment, not the uploader's.
-        # content_json is always the op, so if it exists but has no text, there's no description
-        if content_json:
-            description = '\n\n'.join(
-                item.get('text') for item in content_json if item.get('type') == 'text') or None
-        else:
-            description = self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None)
-        uploader_id = traverse_obj(post_json, 'reblogged_root_name', 'blog_name')
+        if ignored_providers:
+            if not entries:
+                raise ExtractorError(f'None of embed providers are supported: {", ".join(ignored_providers)!s}', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipped embeds from unsupported providers: {", ".join(ignored_providers)!s}', video_id)
+        if unknown_providers:
+            self.report_warning(f'Unrecognized providers, please report: {", ".join(unknown_providers)!s}', video_id)
 
+        if not entries:
+            self.raise_no_formats('No video could be found in this post', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return {
+                **info_dict,
+                **entries[0],
+            }
         return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': post_json.get('summary') or (blog if api_only else self._html_search_regex(
-                r'(?s)<title>(?P<title>.*?)(?: \| Tumblr)?</title>', webpage, 'title')),
-            'description': description,
-            'thumbnail': (traverse_obj(video_json, ('poster', 0, 'url'))
-                          or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None)),
-            'uploader_id': uploader_id,
-            'uploader_url': f'https://{uploader_id}.tumblr.com/' if uploader_id else None,
-            'duration': duration,
-            'like_count': post_json.get('like_count'),
-            'repost_count': post_json.get('reblog_count'),
-            'age_limit': {True: 18, False: 0}.get(post_json.get('is_nsfw')),
-            'tags': post_json.get('tags'),
-            'formats': formats,
+            **info_dict,
+            '_type': 'playlist',
+            'entries': entries,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
index d702640f3..48c4e9cba 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tva.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .brightcove import BrightcoveNewIE
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'episode': episode,
             **traverse_obj(entity, {
                 'description': ('longDescription', {str}),
-                'duration': ('durationMillis', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('durationMillis', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'channel': ('knownEntities', 'channel', 'name', {str}),
                 'series': ('knownEntities', 'videoShow', 'name', {str}),
                 'season_number': ('slug', {lambda x: re.search(r'/s(?:ai|ea)son-(\d+)/', x)}, 1, {int_or_none}),
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tver.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tver.py
index c13832c6f..805150db4 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tver.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tver.py
@@ -1,106 +1,161 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .streaks import StreaksBaseIE
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
+    make_archive_id,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
+    update_url_query,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj
 
 
-class TVerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tver\.jp/(?:(?P<type>lp|corner|series|episodes?|feature|tokyo2020/video|olympic/paris2024/video)/)+(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+class TVerIE(StreaksBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tver\.jp/(?:(?P<type>lp|corner|series|episodes?|feature)/)+(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['JP']
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _TESTS = [{
-        'skip': 'videos are only available for 7 days',
-        'url': 'https://tver.jp/episodes/ep83nf3w4p',
+        # via Streaks backend
+        'url': 'https://tver.jp/episodes/epc1hdugbk',
         'info_dict': {
-            'title': '家事ヤロウ!!! 売り場席巻のチーズSP＆財前直見×森泉親子の脱東京暮らし密着！',
-            'description': 'md5:dc2c06b6acc23f1e7c730c513737719b',
-            'series': '家事ヤロウ!!!',
-            'episode': '売り場席巻のチーズSP＆財前直見×森泉親子の脱東京暮らし密着！',
-            'alt_title': '売り場席巻のチーズSP＆財前直見×森泉親子の脱東京暮らし密着！',
-            'channel': 'テレビ朝日',
-        },
-        'add_ie': ['BrightcoveNew'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://tver.jp/olympic/paris2024/video/6359578055112/',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '6359578055112',
+            'id': 'epc1hdugbk',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '堀米雄斗 金メダルで五輪連覇！「みんなの応援が最後に乗れたカギ」',
-            'timestamp': 1722279928,
-            'upload_date': '20240729',
-            'tags': ['20240729', 'japanese', 'japanmedal', 'paris'],
-            'uploader_id': '4774017240001',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://[^/?#]+boltdns\.net/[^?#]+/1920x1080/match/image\.jpg',
-            'duration': 670.571,
+            'display_id': 'ref:baeebeac-a2a6-4dbf-9eb3-c40d59b40068',
+            'title': '神回だけ見せます！ #2 壮烈！車大騎馬戦（木曜スペシャル）',
+            'alt_title': '神回だけ見せます！ #2 壮烈！車大騎馬戦（木曜スペシャル） 日テレ',
+            'description': 'md5:2726f742d5e3886edeaf72fb6d740fef',
+            'uploader_id': 'tver-ntv',
+            'channel': '日テレ',
+            'duration': 1158.024,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://statics.tver.jp/images/content/thumbnail/episode/xlarge/epc1hdugbk.jpg?v=16',
+            'series': '神回だけ見せます！',
+            'episode': '#2 壮烈！車大騎馬戦（木曜スペシャル）',
+            'episode_number': 2,
+            'timestamp': 1736486036,
+            'upload_date': '20250110',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1736870264,
+            'modified_date': '20250114',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'release_timestamp': 1651453200,
+            'release_date': '20220502',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['brightcovenew ref:baeebeac-a2a6-4dbf-9eb3-c40d59b40068'],
         },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        # via Brightcove backend (deprecated)
+        'url': 'https://tver.jp/episodes/epc1hdugbk',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ref:baeebeac-a2a6-4dbf-9eb3-c40d59b40068',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '神回だけ見せます！ #2 壮烈！車大騎馬戦（木曜スペシャル）',
+            'alt_title': '神回だけ見せます！ #2 壮烈！車大騎馬戦（木曜スペシャル） 日テレ',
+            'description': 'md5:2726f742d5e3886edeaf72fb6d740fef',
+            'uploader_id': '4394098882001',
+            'channel': '日テレ',
+            'duration': 1158.101,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://statics.tver.jp/images/content/thumbnail/episode/xlarge/epc1hdugbk.jpg?v=16',
+            'tags': [],
+            'series': '神回だけ見せます！',
+            'episode': '#2 壮烈！車大騎馬戦（木曜スペシャル）',
+            'episode_number': 2,
+            'timestamp': 1651388531,
+            'upload_date': '20220501',
+            'release_timestamp': 1651453200,
+            'release_date': '20220502',
+        },
+        'params': {'extractor_args': {'tver': {'backend': ['brightcove']}}},
     }, {
         'url': 'https://tver.jp/corner/f0103888',
         'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://tver.jp/lp/f0033031',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tver.jp/series/srtxft431v',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'srtxft431v',
+            'title': '名探偵コナン',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 21,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tver.jp/series/sru35hwdd2',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'sru35hwdd2',
+            'title': '神回だけ見せます！',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 11,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tver.jp/series/srkq2shp9d',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE = 'http://players.brightcove.net/%s/default_default/index.html?videoId=%s'
-    _PLATFORM_UID = None
-    _PLATFORM_TOKEN = None
+    _HEADERS = {
+        'x-tver-platform-type': 'web',
+        'Origin': 'https://tver.jp',
+        'Referer': 'https://tver.jp/',
+    }
+    _PLATFORM_QUERY = {}
 
     def _real_initialize(self):
-        create_response = self._download_json(
-            'https://platform-api.tver.jp/v2/api/platform_users/browser/create', None,
-            note='Creating session', data=b'device_type=pc', headers={
-                'Origin': 'https://s.tver.jp',
-                'Referer': 'https://s.tver.jp/',
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+        session_info = self._download_json(
+            'https://platform-api.tver.jp/v2/api/platform_users/browser/create',
+            None, 'Creating session', data=b'device_type=pc')
+        self._PLATFORM_QUERY = traverse_obj(session_info, ('result', {
+            'platform_uid': 'platform_uid',
+            'platform_token': 'platform_token',
+        }))
+
+    def _call_platform_api(self, path, video_id, note=None, fatal=True, query=None):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://platform-api.tver.jp/service/api/{path}', video_id, note,
+            fatal=fatal, headers=self._HEADERS, query={
+                **self._PLATFORM_QUERY,
+                **(query or {}),
             })
-        self._PLATFORM_UID = traverse_obj(create_response, ('result', 'platform_uid'))
-        self._PLATFORM_TOKEN = traverse_obj(create_response, ('result', 'platform_token'))
+
+    def _yield_episode_ids_for_series(self, series_id):
+        seasons_info = self._download_json(
+            f'https://service-api.tver.jp/api/v1/callSeriesSeasons/{series_id}',
+            series_id, 'Downloading seasons info', headers=self._HEADERS)
+        for season_id in traverse_obj(
+                seasons_info, ('result', 'contents', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'season', 'content', 'id', {str})):
+            episodes_info = self._call_platform_api(
+                f'v1/callSeasonEpisodes/{season_id}', series_id, f'Downloading season {season_id} episodes info')
+            yield from traverse_obj(episodes_info, (
+                'result', 'contents', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'episode', 'content', 'id', {str}))
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id, video_type = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'type')
+        backend = self._configuration_arg('backend', ['streaks'])[0]
+        if backend not in ('brightcove', 'streaks'):
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Invalid backend value: {backend}', expected=True)
 
-        if video_type == 'olympic/paris2024/video':
-            # Player ID is taken from .content.brightcove.E200.pro.pc.account_id:
-            # https://tver.jp/olympic/paris2024/req/api/hook?q=https%3A%2F%2Folympic-assets.tver.jp%2Fweb-static%2Fjson%2Fconfig.json&d=
-            return self.url_result(smuggle_url(
-                self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % ('4774017240001', video_id),
-                {'geo_countries': ['JP']}), 'BrightcoveNew')
+        if video_type == 'series':
+            series_info = self._call_platform_api(
+                f'v2/callSeries/{video_id}', video_id, 'Downloading series info')
+            return self.playlist_from_matches(
+                self._yield_episode_ids_for_series(video_id), video_id,
+                traverse_obj(series_info, ('result', 'content', 'content', 'title', {str})),
+                ie=TVerIE, getter=lambda x: f'https://tver.jp/episodes/{x}')
 
-        elif video_type not in {'series', 'episodes'}:
+        if video_type != 'episodes':
             webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, note='Resolving to new URL')
             video_id = self._match_id(self._search_regex(
                 (r'canonical"\s*href="(https?://tver\.jp/[^"]+)"', r'&link=(https?://tver\.jp/[^?&]+)[?&]'),
                 webpage, 'url regex'))
 
-        episode_info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://platform-api.tver.jp/service/api/v1/callEpisode/{video_id}?require_data=mylist,later[epefy106ur],good[epefy106ur],resume[epefy106ur]',
-            video_id, fatal=False,
-            query={
-                'platform_uid': self._PLATFORM_UID,
-                'platform_token': self._PLATFORM_TOKEN,
-            }, headers={
-                'x-tver-platform-type': 'web',
+        episode_info = self._call_platform_api(
+            f'v1/callEpisode/{video_id}', video_id, 'Downloading episode info', fatal=False, query={
+                'require_data': 'mylist,later[epefy106ur],good[epefy106ur],resume[epefy106ur]',
             })
         episode_content = traverse_obj(
             episode_info, ('result', 'episode', 'content')) or {}
 
+        version = traverse_obj(episode_content, ('version', {str_or_none}), default='5')
         video_info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://statics.tver.jp/content/episode/{video_id}.json', video_id,
-            query={
-                'v': str_or_none(episode_content.get('version')) or '5',
-            }, headers={
-                'Origin': 'https://tver.jp',
-                'Referer': 'https://tver.jp/',
-            })
-        p_id = video_info['video']['accountID']
-        r_id = traverse_obj(video_info, ('video', ('videoRefID', 'videoID')), get_all=False)
-        if not r_id:
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract reference ID for Brightcove')
-        if not r_id.isdigit():
-            r_id = f'ref:{r_id}'
+            f'https://statics.tver.jp/content/episode/{video_id}.json', video_id, 'Downloading video info',
+            query={'v': version}, headers={'Referer': 'https://tver.jp/'})
 
         episode = strip_or_none(episode_content.get('title'))
         series = str_or_none(episode_content.get('seriesTitle'))
@@ -110,16 +165,70 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         provider = str_or_none(episode_content.get('productionProviderName'))
         onair_label = str_or_none(episode_content.get('broadcastDateLabel'))
 
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+        thumbnails = [
+            {
+                'id': quality,
+                'url': update_url_query(
+                    f'https://statics.tver.jp/images/content/thumbnail/episode/{quality}/{video_id}.jpg',
+                    {'v': version}),
+                'width': width,
+                'height': height,
+            }
+            for quality, width, height in [
+                ('small', 480, 270),
+                ('medium', 640, 360),
+                ('large', 960, 540),
+                ('xlarge', 1280, 720),
+            ]
+        ]
+
+        metadata = {
             'title': title,
             'series': series,
             'episode': episode,
             # an another title which is considered "full title" for some viewers
             'alt_title': join_nonempty(title, provider, onair_label, delim=' '),
             'channel': provider,
-            'description': str_or_none(video_info.get('description')),
-            'url': smuggle_url(
-                self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % (p_id, r_id), {'geo_countries': ['JP']}),
-            'ie_key': 'BrightcoveNew',
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('viewStatus', 'startAt', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('no', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+        brightcove_id = traverse_obj(video_info, ('video', ('videoRefID', 'videoID'), {str}, any))
+        if brightcove_id and not brightcove_id.isdecimal():
+            brightcove_id = f'ref:{brightcove_id}'
+
+        streaks_id = traverse_obj(video_info, ('streaks', 'videoRefID', {str}))
+        if streaks_id and not streaks_id.startswith('ref:'):
+            streaks_id = f'ref:{streaks_id}'
+
+        # Deprecated Brightcove extraction reachable w/extractor-arg or fallback; errors are expected
+        if backend == 'brightcove' or not streaks_id:
+            if backend != 'brightcove':
+                self.report_warning(
+                    'No STREAKS ID found; falling back to Brightcove extraction', video_id=video_id)
+            if not brightcove_id:
+                raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract brightcove reference ID', expected=True)
+            account_id = traverse_obj(video_info, (
+                'video', 'accountID', {str}, {require('brightcove account ID', expected=True)}))
+            return {
+                **metadata,
+                '_type': 'url_transparent',
+                'url': smuggle_url(
+                    self.BRIGHTCOVE_URL_TEMPLATE % (account_id, brightcove_id),
+                    {'geo_countries': ['JP']}),
+                'ie_key': 'BrightcoveNew',
+            }
+
+        return {
+            **self._extract_from_streaks_api(video_info['streaks']['projectID'], streaks_id, {
+                'Origin': 'https://tver.jp',
+                'Referer': 'https://tver.jp/',
+            }),
+            **metadata,
+            'id': video_id,
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('BrightcoveNew', brightcove_id)] if brightcove_id else None,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvw.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvw.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1c060cd7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvw.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import clean_html, remove_end, unified_timestamp, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class TvwIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tvw\.org/video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/video/billy-frank-jr-statue-maquette-unveiling-ceremony-2024011211/',
+        'md5': '9ceb94fe2bb7fd726f74f16356825703',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2024011211',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Billy Frank Jr. Statue Maquette Unveiling Ceremony',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'description': 'md5:58a8150017d985b4f377e11ee8f6f36e',
+            'timestamp': 1704902400,
+            'upload_date': '20240110',
+            'location': 'Legislative Building',
+            'display_id': 'billy-frank-jr-statue-maquette-unveiling-ceremony-2024011211',
+            'categories': ['General Interest'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/video/ebeys-landing-state-park-2024081007/',
+        'md5': '71e87dae3deafd65d75ff3137b9a32fc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2024081007',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Ebey\'s Landing State Park',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'description': 'md5:50c5bd73bde32fa6286a008dbc853386',
+            'timestamp': 1724310900,
+            'upload_date': '20240822',
+            'location': 'Ebey’s Landing State Park',
+            'display_id': 'ebeys-landing-state-park-2024081007',
+            'categories': ['Washington State Parks'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/video/home-warranties-workgroup-2',
+        'md5': 'f678789bf94d07da89809f213cf37150',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1999121000',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Home Warranties Workgroup',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'description': 'md5:861396cc523c9641d0dce690bc5c35f3',
+            'timestamp': 946389600,
+            'upload_date': '19991228',
+            'display_id': 'home-warranties-workgroup-2',
+            'categories': ['Legislative'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/video/washington-to-washington-a-new-space-race-2022041111/?eventID=2022041111',
+        'md5': '6f5551090b351aba10c0d08a881b4f30',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2022041111',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Washington to Washington - A New Space Race',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'description': 'md5:f65a24eec56107afbcebb3aa5cd26341',
+            'timestamp': 1650394800,
+            'upload_date': '20220419',
+            'location': 'Hayner Media Center',
+            'display_id': 'washington-to-washington-a-new-space-race-2022041111',
+            'categories': ['Washington to Washington', 'General Interest'],
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        client_id = self._html_search_meta('clientID', webpage, fatal=True)
+        video_id = self._html_search_meta('eventID', webpage, fatal=True)
+
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.v3.invintus.com/v2/Event/getDetailed', video_id,
+            headers={
+                'authorization': 'embedder',
+                'wsc-api-key': '7WhiEBzijpritypp8bqcU7pfU9uicDR',
+            },
+            data=json.dumps({
+                'clientID': client_id,
+                'eventID': video_id,
+                'showStreams': True,
+            }).encode())['data']
+
+        formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
+        for stream_url in traverse_obj(video_data, ('streamingURIs', ..., {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                stream_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        if caption_url := traverse_obj(video_data, ('captionPath', {url_or_none})):
+            subtitles.setdefault('en', []).append({'url': caption_url, 'ext': 'vtt'})
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'title': remove_end(self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None), ' - TVW'),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None),
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                'categories': ('categories', ..., {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('videoThumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('startDateTime', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'location': ('locationName', {str}),
+                'is_live': ('eventStatus', {lambda x: x == 'live'}),
+            }),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
index 53b408469..bf9c6348c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class TwitCastingUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/(:?show|archive)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:[^/?#]+\.)?twitcasting\.tv/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/(?:show|archive)/?(?:[#?]|$)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://twitcasting.tv/natsuiromatsuri/archive/',
         'info_dict': {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
index 44b19ad13..a36de3c01 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
@@ -14,19 +14,20 @@
     dict_get,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
     make_archive_id,
     parse_duration,
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_qs,
     qualities,
     str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj, value
 
 
 class TwitchBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -42,10 +43,10 @@ class TwitchBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
         'CollectionSideBar': '27111f1b382effad0b6def325caef1909c733fe6a4fbabf54f8d491ef2cf2f14',
         'FilterableVideoTower_Videos': 'a937f1d22e269e39a03b509f65a7490f9fc247d7f83d6ac1421523e3b68042cb',
         'ClipsCards__User': 'b73ad2bfaecfd30a9e6c28fada15bd97032c83ec77a0440766a56fe0bd632777',
+        'ShareClipRenderStatus': 'f130048a462a0ac86bb54d653c968c514e9ab9ca94db52368c1179e97b0f16eb',
         'ChannelCollectionsContent': '447aec6a0cc1e8d0a8d7732d47eb0762c336a2294fdb009e9c9d854e49d484b9',
         'StreamMetadata': 'a647c2a13599e5991e175155f798ca7f1ecddde73f7f341f39009c14dbf59962',
         'ComscoreStreamingQuery': 'e1edae8122517d013405f237ffcc124515dc6ded82480a88daef69c83b53ac01',
-        'VideoAccessToken_Clip': '36b89d2507fce29e5ca551df756d27c1cfe079e2609642b4390aa4c35796eb11',
         'VideoPreviewOverlay': '3006e77e51b128d838fa4e835723ca4dc9a05c5efd4466c1085215c6e437e65c',
         'VideoMetadata': '49b5b8f268cdeb259d75b58dcb0c1a748e3b575003448a2333dc5cdafd49adad',
         'VideoPlayer_ChapterSelectButtonVideo': '8d2793384aac3773beab5e59bd5d6f585aedb923d292800119e03d40cd0f9b41',
@@ -1083,16 +1084,44 @@ class TwitchClipsIE(TwitchBaseIE):
         'url': 'https://clips.twitch.tv/FaintLightGullWholeWheat',
         'md5': '761769e1eafce0ffebfb4089cb3847cd',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '42850523',
+            'id': '396245304',
             'display_id': 'FaintLightGullWholeWheat',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'title': 'EA Play 2016 Live from the Novo Theatre',
+            'duration': 32,
+            'view_count': int,
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'timestamp': 1465767393,
             'upload_date': '20160612',
-            'creator': 'EA',
-            'uploader': 'stereotype_',
-            'uploader_id': '43566419',
+            'creators': ['EA'],
+            'channel': 'EA',
+            'channel_id': '25163635',
+            'channel_is_verified': False,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'EA',
+            'uploader_id': '25163635',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.twitch.tv/xqc/clip/CulturedAmazingKuduDatSheffy-TiZ_-ixAGYR3y2Uy',
+        'md5': 'e90fe616b36e722a8cfa562547c543f0',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3207364882',
+            'display_id': 'CulturedAmazingKuduDatSheffy-TiZ_-ixAGYR3y2Uy',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'A day in the life of xQc',
+            'duration': 60,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1742869615,
+            'upload_date': '20250325',
+            'creators': ['xQc'],
+            'channel': 'xQc',
+            'channel_id': '71092938',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'uploader': 'xQc',
+            'uploader_id': '71092938',
+            'categories': ['Just Chatting'],
         },
     }, {
         # multiple formats
@@ -1116,16 +1145,14 @@ class TwitchClipsIE(TwitchBaseIE):
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        slug = self._match_id(url)
 
         clip = self._download_gql(
-            video_id, [{
-                'operationName': 'VideoAccessToken_Clip',
-                'variables': {
-                    'slug': video_id,
-                },
+            slug, [{
+                'operationName': 'ShareClipRenderStatus',
+                'variables': {'slug': slug},
             }],
-            'Downloading clip access token GraphQL')[0]['data']['clip']
+            'Downloading clip GraphQL')[0]['data']['clip']
 
         if not clip:
             raise ExtractorError(
@@ -1135,81 +1162,71 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'sig': clip['playbackAccessToken']['signature'],
             'token': clip['playbackAccessToken']['value'],
         }
-
-        data = self._download_base_gql(
-            video_id, {
-                'query': '''{
-  clip(slug: "%s") {
-    broadcaster {
-      displayName
-    }
-    createdAt
-    curator {
-      displayName
-      id
-    }
-    durationSeconds
-    id
-    tiny: thumbnailURL(width: 86, height: 45)
-    small: thumbnailURL(width: 260, height: 147)
-    medium: thumbnailURL(width: 480, height: 272)
-    title
-    videoQualities {
-      frameRate
-      quality
-      sourceURL
-    }
-    viewCount
-  }
-}''' % video_id}, 'Downloading clip GraphQL', fatal=False)  # noqa: UP031
-
-        if data:
-            clip = try_get(data, lambda x: x['data']['clip'], dict) or clip
+        asset_default = traverse_obj(clip, ('assets', 0, {dict})) or {}
+        asset_portrait = traverse_obj(clip, ('assets', 1, {dict})) or {}
 
         formats = []
-        for option in clip.get('videoQualities', []):
-            if not isinstance(option, dict):
-                continue
-            source = url_or_none(option.get('sourceURL'))
-            if not source:
-                continue
+        default_aspect_ratio = float_or_none(asset_default.get('aspectRatio'))
+        formats.extend(traverse_obj(asset_default, ('videoQualities', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['sourceURL']), {
+            'url': ('sourceURL', {update_url_query(query=access_query)}),
+            'format_id': ('quality', {str}),
+            'height': ('quality', {int_or_none}),
+            'fps': ('frameRate', {float_or_none}),
+            'aspect_ratio': {value(default_aspect_ratio)},
+        })))
+        portrait_aspect_ratio = float_or_none(asset_portrait.get('aspectRatio'))
+        for source in traverse_obj(asset_portrait, ('videoQualities', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['sourceURL']))):
             formats.append({
-                'url': update_url_query(source, access_query),
-                'format_id': option.get('quality'),
-                'height': int_or_none(option.get('quality')),
-                'fps': int_or_none(option.get('frameRate')),
+                'url': update_url_query(source['sourceURL'], access_query),
+                'format_id': join_nonempty('portrait', source.get('quality')),
+                'height': int_or_none(source.get('quality')),
+                'fps': float_or_none(source.get('frameRate')),
+                'aspect_ratio': portrait_aspect_ratio,
+                'quality': -2,
             })
 
         thumbnails = []
-        for thumbnail_id in ('tiny', 'small', 'medium'):
-            thumbnail_url = clip.get(thumbnail_id)
-            if not thumbnail_url:
-                continue
-            thumb = {
-                'id': thumbnail_id,
-                'url': thumbnail_url,
-            }
-            mobj = re.search(r'-(\d+)x(\d+)\.', thumbnail_url)
-            if mobj:
-                thumb.update({
-                    'height': int(mobj.group(2)),
-                    'width': int(mobj.group(1)),
-                })
-            thumbnails.append(thumb)
+        thumb_asset_default_url = url_or_none(asset_default.get('thumbnailURL'))
+        if thumb_asset_default_url:
+            thumbnails.append({
+                'id': 'default',
+                'url': thumb_asset_default_url,
+                'preference': 0,
+            })
+        if thumb_asset_portrait_url := url_or_none(asset_portrait.get('thumbnailURL')):
+            thumbnails.append({
+                'id': 'portrait',
+                'url': thumb_asset_portrait_url,
+                'preference': -1,
+            })
+        thumb_default_url = url_or_none(clip.get('thumbnailURL'))
+        if thumb_default_url and thumb_default_url != thumb_asset_default_url:
+            thumbnails.append({
+                'id': 'small',
+                'url': thumb_default_url,
+                'preference': -2,
+            })
 
         old_id = self._search_regex(r'%7C(\d+)(?:-\d+)?.mp4', formats[-1]['url'], 'old id', default=None)
 
         return {
-            'id': clip.get('id') or video_id,
+            'id': clip.get('id') or slug,
             '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id(self, old_id)] if old_id else None,
-            'display_id': video_id,
-            'title': clip.get('title'),
+            'display_id': slug,
             'formats': formats,
-            'duration': int_or_none(clip.get('durationSeconds')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(clip.get('viewCount')),
-            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(clip.get('createdAt')),
             'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'creator': try_get(clip, lambda x: x['broadcaster']['displayName'], str),
-            'uploader': try_get(clip, lambda x: x['curator']['displayName'], str),
-            'uploader_id': try_get(clip, lambda x: x['curator']['id'], str),
+            **traverse_obj(clip, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'duration': ('durationSeconds', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('viewCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdAt', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'creators': ('broadcaster', 'displayName', {str}, filter, all),
+                'channel': ('broadcaster', 'displayName', {str}),
+                'channel_id': ('broadcaster', 'id', {str}),
+                'channel_follower_count': ('broadcaster', 'followers', 'totalCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'channel_is_verified': ('broadcaster', 'isPartner', {bool}),
+                'uploader': ('broadcaster', 'displayName', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('broadcaster', 'id', {str}),
+                'categories': ('game', 'displayName', {str}, filter, all, filter),
+            }),
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
index aca94df2d..b76cfae1d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import functools
 import json
-import random
+import math
 import re
 import urllib.parse
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .periscope import PeriscopeBaseIE, PeriscopeIE
+from ..jsinterp import js_number_to_string
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
@@ -20,6 +21,7 @@
     str_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    truncate_string,
     try_call,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -150,14 +152,6 @@ def _search_dimensions_in_video_url(a_format, video_url):
     def is_logged_in(self):
         return bool(self._get_cookies(self._API_BASE).get('auth_token'))
 
-    # XXX: Temporary workaround until twitter.com => x.com migration is completed
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        if self.is_logged_in or not self._get_cookies('https://twitter.com/').get('auth_token'):
-            return
-        # User has not yet been migrated to x.com and has passed twitter.com cookies
-        TwitterBaseIE._API_BASE = 'https://api.twitter.com/1.1/'
-        TwitterBaseIE._GRAPHQL_API_BASE = 'https://twitter.com/i/api/graphql/'
-
     @functools.cached_property
     def _selected_api(self):
         return self._configuration_arg('api', ['graphql'], ie_key='Twitter')[0]
@@ -365,6 +359,7 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'display_id': '560070183650213889',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/Twitter',
             },
+            'skip': 'This content is no longer available.',
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/cards/tfw/v1/623160978427936768',
@@ -372,7 +367,7 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '623160978427936768',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': "NASA - Fly over Pluto's icy Norgay Mountains and Sputnik Plain in this @NASANewHorizons #PlutoFlyby video.",
+                'title': "NASA - Fly over Pluto's icy Norgay Mountains and Sputnik Plain in this @NASA...",
                 'description': "Fly over Pluto's icy Norgay Mountains and Sputnik Plain in this @NASANewHorizons #PlutoFlyby video. https://t.co/BJYgOjSeGA",
                 'uploader': 'NASA',
                 'uploader_id': 'NASA',
@@ -384,12 +379,14 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'repost_count': int,
                 'tags': ['PlutoFlyby'],
+                'channel_id': '11348282',
+                '_old_archive_ids': ['twitter 623160978427936768'],
             },
             'params': {'format': '[protocol=https]'},
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/cards/tfw/v1/654001591733886977',
-            'md5': 'b6d9683dd3f48e340ded81c0e917ad46',
+            'md5': 'fb08fbd69595cbd8818f0b2f2a94474d',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': 'dq4Oj5quskI',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -397,12 +394,12 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:a831e97fa384863d6e26ce48d1c43376',
                 'upload_date': '20111013',
                 'uploader': 'OMG! UBUNTU!',
-                'uploader_id': 'omgubuntu',
+                'uploader_id': '@omgubuntu',
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIiSwcm9xiFb3Y4wjzR41eQ',
                 'channel_id': 'UCIiSwcm9xiFb3Y4wjzR41eQ',
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'chapters': 'count:8',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/omgubuntu',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@omgubuntu',
                 'duration': 138,
                 'categories': ['Film & Animation'],
                 'age_limit': 0,
@@ -414,29 +411,12 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'tags': 'count:12',
                 'channel': 'OMG! UBUNTU!',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1318500227,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
             },
             'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
         },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/cards/tfw/v1/665289828897005568',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'iBb2x00UVlv',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'upload_date': '20151113',
-                'uploader_id': '1189339351084113920',
-                'uploader': 'ArsenalTerje',
-                'title': 'Vine by ArsenalTerje',
-                'timestamp': 1447451307,
-                'alt_title': 'Vine by ArsenalTerje',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'like_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://[^?#]+\.jpg',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'repost_count': int,
-            },
-            'add_ie': ['Vine'],
-            'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-        },
         {
             'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/videos/tweet/705235433198714880',
             'md5': '884812a2adc8aaf6fe52b15ccbfa3b88',
@@ -575,32 +555,14 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'age_limit': 0,
             '_old_archive_ids': ['twitter 700207533655363584'],
         },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://twitter.com/Filmdrunk/status/713801302971588609',
-        'md5': '89a15ed345d13b86e9a5a5e051fa308a',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'MIOxnrUteUd',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Dr.Pepperの飲み方 #japanese #バカ #ドクペ #電動ガン',
-            'uploader': 'TAKUMA',
-            'uploader_id': '1004126642786242560',
-            'timestamp': 1402826626,
-            'upload_date': '20140615',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-            'alt_title': 'Vine by TAKUMA',
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'repost_count': int,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'view_count': int,
-        },
-        'add_ie': ['Vine'],
+        'skip': 'Tweet has been deleted',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/captainamerica/status/719944021058060289',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '717462543795523584',
             'display_id': '719944021058060289',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Captain America - @King0fNerd Are you sure you made the right choice? Find out in theaters.',
+            'title': 'Captain America - @King0fNerd Are you sure you made the right choice? Find out in theat...',
             'description': '@King0fNerd Are you sure you made the right choice? Find out in theaters. https://t.co/GpgYi9xMJI',
             'channel_id': '701615052',
             'uploader_id': 'CaptainAmerica',
@@ -637,7 +599,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '852077943283097602',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'عالم الأخبار - كلمة تاريخية بجلسة الجناسي التاريخية.. النائب خالد مؤنس العتيبي للمعارضين : اتقوا الله .. الظلم ظلمات يوم القيامة',
+            'title': 'عالم الأخبار - كلمة تاريخية بجلسة الجناسي التاريخية.. النائب خالد مؤنس العتيبي للمعا...',
             'description': 'كلمة تاريخية بجلسة الجناسي التاريخية.. النائب خالد مؤنس العتيبي للمعارضين : اتقوا الله .. الظلم ظلمات يوم القيامة   https://t.co/xg6OhpyKfN',
             'channel_id': '2526757026',
             'uploader': 'عالم الأخبار',
@@ -661,7 +623,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'id': '910030238373089285',
             'display_id': '910031516746514432',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Préfet de Guadeloupe - [Direct] #Maria Le centre se trouve actuellement au sud de Basse-Terre. Restez confinés. Réfugiez-vous dans la pièce la + sûre.',
+            'title': 'Préfet de Guadeloupe - [Direct] #Maria Le centre se trouve actuellement au sud de Basse-Terr...',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'description': '[Direct] #Maria Le centre se trouve actuellement au sud de Basse-Terre. Restez confinés. Réfugiez-vous dans la pièce la + sûre. https://t.co/mwx01Rs4lo',
             'channel_id': '2319432498',
@@ -753,7 +715,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'id': '1349774757969989634',
             'display_id': '1349794411333394432',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:d1c4941658e4caaa6cb579260d85dcba',
+            'title': "Brooklyn Nets - WATCH: Sean Marks' full media session after our acquisition of 8-time...",
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'description': 'md5:71ead15ec44cee55071547d6447c6a3e',
             'channel_id': '18552281',
@@ -779,7 +741,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'id': '1577855447914409984',
             'display_id': '1577855540407197696',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:466a3a8b049b5f5a13164ce915484b51',
+            'title': 'Oshtru - gm ✨️ now I can post image and video. nice update.',
             'description': 'md5:b9c3699335447391d11753ab21c70a74',
             'upload_date': '20221006',
             'channel_id': '143077138',
@@ -801,10 +763,10 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX/status/1577719286659006464',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1577719286659006464',
-            'title': 'Ultima Reload - Test',
+            'title': 'Ultima - Test',
             'description': 'Test https://t.co/Y3KEZD7Dad',
             'channel_id': '168922496',
-            'uploader': 'Ultima Reload',
+            'uploader': 'Ultima',
             'uploader_id': 'UltimaShadowX',
             'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX',
             'upload_date': '20221005',
@@ -823,7 +785,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'id': '1575559336759263233',
             'display_id': '1575560063510810624',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:eec26382babd0f7c18f041db8ae1c9c9',
+            'title': 'Max Olson - Absolutely heartbreaking footage captured by our surge probe of catas...',
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
             'description': 'md5:95aea692fda36a12081b9629b02daa92',
             'channel_id': '1094109584',
@@ -934,32 +896,31 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'uploader_id': 'MoniqueCamarra',
             'live_status': 'was_live',
             'release_timestamp': 1658417414,
-            'description': 'md5:acce559345fd49f129c20dbcda3f1201',
+            'description': r're:Twitter Space participated by Sergej Sumlenny.+',
             'timestamp': 1658407771,
             'release_date': '20220721',
             'upload_date': '20220721',
         },
         'add_ie': ['TwitterSpaces'],
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-        'skip': 'Requires authentication',
     }, {
         # URL specifies video number but --yes-playlist
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/CTVJLaidlaw/status/1600649710662213632/video/1',
         'playlist_mincount': 2,
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1600649710662213632',
-            'title': 'md5:be05989b0722e114103ed3851a0ffae2',
+            'title': "Jocelyn Laidlaw - How Kirstie Alley's tragic death inspired me to share more about my c...",
             'timestamp': 1670459604.0,
             'description': 'md5:591c19ce66fadc2359725d5cd0d1052c',
             'comment_count': int,
-            'uploader_id': 'CTVJLaidlaw',
+            'uploader_id': 'JocelynVLaidlaw',
             'channel_id': '80082014',
             'repost_count': int,
             'tags': ['colorectalcancer', 'cancerjourney', 'imnotaquitter'],
             'upload_date': '20221208',
             'age_limit': 0,
             'uploader': 'Jocelyn Laidlaw',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/CTVJLaidlaw',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/JocelynVLaidlaw',
             'like_count': int,
         },
     }, {
@@ -968,17 +929,17 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1600649511827013632',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:7662a0a27ce6faa3e5b160340f3cfab1',
+            'title': "Jocelyn Laidlaw - How Kirstie Alley's tragic death inspired me to share more about my c... #1",
             'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg',
             'timestamp': 1670459604.0,
             'channel_id': '80082014',
-            'uploader_id': 'CTVJLaidlaw',
+            'uploader_id': 'JocelynVLaidlaw',
             'uploader': 'Jocelyn Laidlaw',
             'repost_count': int,
             'comment_count': int,
             'tags': ['colorectalcancer', 'cancerjourney', 'imnotaquitter'],
             'duration': 102.226,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/CTVJLaidlaw',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/JocelynVLaidlaw',
             'display_id': '1600649710662213632',
             'like_count': int,
             'description': 'md5:591c19ce66fadc2359725d5cd0d1052c',
@@ -1037,6 +998,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             '_old_archive_ids': ['twitter 1599108751385972737'],
         },
         'params': {'noplaylist': True},
+        'skip': 'Tweet is limited',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/MunTheShinobi/status/1600009574919962625',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -1048,10 +1010,10 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'description': 'This is a genius ad by Apple. \U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525 https://t.co/cNsA0MoOml',
             'thumbnail': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/ext_tw_video_thumb/1600009362759733248/pu/img/XVhFQivj75H_YxxV.jpg?name=orig',
             'age_limit': 0,
-            'uploader': 'Mün',
+            'uploader': 'Boy Called Mün',
             'repost_count': int,
             'upload_date': '20221206',
-            'title': 'Mün - This is a genius ad by Apple. \U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525',
+            'title': 'Boy Called Mün - This is a genius ad by Apple. \U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525',
             'comment_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'tags': [],
@@ -1089,7 +1051,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'id': '1694928337846538240',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': '1695424220702888009',
-            'title': 'md5:e8daa9527bc2b947121395494f786d9d',
+            'title': 'Benny Johnson - Donald Trump driving through the urban, poor neighborhoods of Atlanta...',
             'description': 'md5:004f2d37fd58737724ec75bc7e679938',
             'channel_id': '15212187',
             'uploader': 'Benny Johnson',
@@ -1113,7 +1075,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'id': '1694928337846538240',
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': '1695424220702888009',
-            'title': 'md5:e8daa9527bc2b947121395494f786d9d',
+            'title': 'Benny Johnson - Donald Trump driving through the urban, poor neighborhoods of Atlanta...',
             'description': 'md5:004f2d37fd58737724ec75bc7e679938',
             'channel_id': '15212187',
             'uploader': 'Benny Johnson',
@@ -1148,6 +1110,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
             'view_count': int,
         },
         'add_ie': ['TwitterBroadcast'],
+        'skip': 'Broadcast no longer exists',
     }, {
         # Animated gif and quote tweet video
         'url': 'https://twitter.com/BAKKOOONN/status/1696256659889565950',
@@ -1176,7 +1139,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1724883339285544960',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:cc56716f9ed0b368de2ba54c478e493c',
+            'title': 'Robert F. Kennedy Jr - A beautifully crafted short film by Mikki Willis about my independent...',
             'description': 'md5:9dc14f5b0f1311fc7caf591ae253a164',
             'display_id': '1724884212803834154',
             'channel_id': '337808606',
@@ -1197,7 +1160,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
     }, {
         # x.com
         'url': 'https://x.com/historyinmemes/status/1790637656616943991',
-        'md5': 'daca3952ba0defe2cfafb1276d4c1ea5',
+        'md5': '4549eda363fecfe37439c455923cba2c',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1790637589910654976',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -1378,6 +1341,11 @@ def _build_graphql_query(self, media_id):
             },
         }
 
+    def _generate_syndication_token(self, twid):
+        # ((Number(twid) / 1e15) * Math.PI).toString(36).replace(/(0+|\.)/g, '')
+        translation = str.maketrans(dict.fromkeys('0.'))
+        return js_number_to_string((int(twid) / 1e15) * math.pi, 36).translate(translation)
+
     def _call_syndication_api(self, twid):
         self.report_warning(
             'Not all metadata or media is available via syndication endpoint', twid, only_once=True)
@@ -1385,8 +1353,7 @@ def _call_syndication_api(self, twid):
             'https://cdn.syndication.twimg.com/tweet-result', twid, 'Downloading syndication JSON',
             headers={'User-Agent': 'Googlebot'}, query={
                 'id': twid,
-                # TODO: token = ((Number(twid) / 1e15) * Math.PI).toString(36).replace(/(0+|\.)/g, '')
-                'token': ''.join(random.choices('123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz', k=10)),
+                'token': self._generate_syndication_token(twid),
             })
         if not status:
             raise ExtractorError('Syndication endpoint returned empty JSON response')
@@ -1433,7 +1400,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         title = description = traverse_obj(
             status, (('full_text', 'text'), {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}), get_all=False) or ''
         # strip  'https -_t.co_BJYgOjSeGA' junk from filenames
-        title = re.sub(r'\s+(https?://[^ ]+)', '', title)
+        title = truncate_string(re.sub(r'\s+(https?://[^ ]+)', '', title), left=72)
         user = status.get('user') or {}
         uploader = user.get('name')
         if uploader:
@@ -1856,8 +1823,6 @@ def _build_graphql_query(self, space_id):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         space_id = self._match_id(url)
-        if not self.is_logged_in:
-            self.raise_login_required('Twitter Spaces require authentication')
         space_data = self._call_graphql_api('HPEisOmj1epUNLCWTYhUWw/AudioSpaceById', space_id)['audioSpace']
         if not space_data:
             raise ExtractorError('Twitter Space not found', expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/uliza.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/uliza.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5766bd378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/uliza.py
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    int_or_none,
+    make_archive_id,
+    parse_qs,
+    time_seconds,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class UlizaPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^?#]+\?(?:[^#]*&)?name=(?P<id>[^#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/v1/players/timeshift-disabled/pia/admin?type=normal&playerobjectname=ulizaPlayer&name=livestream01_dvr&repeatable=true',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal 88f3109a-f503-4d0f-a9f7-9f39ac745d84'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/v1/players/uliza_jp_gallery_normal/promotion/admin?type=presentation&name=cookings&targetid=player1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/v1/players/default-player/pia/admin?type=normal&name=pia_movie_uliza_fix&targetid=ulizahtml5&repeatable=true',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal 0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1'],
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        player_data = self._download_webpage(
+            url, display_id, headers={'Referer': 'https://player-api.p.uliza.jp/'},
+            note='Fetching player data', errnote='Unable to fetch player data')
+
+        m3u8_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'["\'](https://vms-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/prog-index\.m3u8[^"\']+)', player_data, 'm3u8 url')
+        video_id = parse_qs(m3u8_url).get('ss', [display_id])[0]
+
+        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id)
+        m3u8_type = self._search_regex(
+            r'/hls/(dvr|video)/', traverse_obj(formats, (0, 'url')), 'm3u8 type', default=None)
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'live_status': {
+                'video': 'is_live',
+                'dvr': 'was_live',  # short-term archives
+            }.get(m3u8_type, 'not_live'),  # VOD or long-term archives
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('PIAULIZAPortal', video_id)],
+        }
+
+
+class UlizaPortalIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'ulizaportal.jp'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ulizaportal\.jp/pages/(?P<id>[\da-f]{8}-(?:[\da-f]{4}-){3}[\da-f]{12})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800',
+            'display_id': '005f18b7-e810-5618-cb82-0987c5755d44',
+            'title': 'プレゼンテーションプレイヤーのサンプル',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal ae350126-5e22-4a7f-a8ac-8d0fd448b800'],
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://ulizaportal.jp/pages/005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d?expires=4102412400&signature=f422a993b683e1068f946caf406d211c17d1ef17da8bef3df4a519502155aa91&version=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1',
+            'display_id': '005e1b23-fe93-5780-19a0-98e917cc4b7d',
+            'title': '【確認用】視聴サンプルページ（ULIZA）',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['piaulizaportal 0644ecc8-e354-41b4-b957-3b08a2d63df1'],
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'ignore_no_formats_error': True,
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        expires = int_or_none(traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('expires', 0)))
+        if expires and expires <= time_seconds():
+            raise ExtractorError('The link is expired', video_id=video_id, expected=True)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        player_data_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'<script [^>]*\bsrc="(https://player-api\.p\.uliza\.jp/v1/players/[^"]+)"',
+            webpage, 'player data url')
+        return self.url_result(
+            player_data_url, UlizaPlayerIE, url_transparent=True,
+            display_id=video_id, video_title=self._html_extract_title(webpage))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/unsupported.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/unsupported.py
index 8b7ec1dd9..31393b02a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/unsupported.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/unsupported.py
@@ -50,6 +50,9 @@ class KnownDRMIE(UnsupportedInfoExtractor):
         r'music\.amazon\.(?:\w{2}\.)?\w+',
         r'(?:watch|front)\.njpwworld\.com',
         r'qub\.ca/vrai',
+        r'(?:beta\.)?crunchyroll\.com',
+        r'viki\.com',
+        r'deezer\.com',
     )
 
     _TESTS = [{
@@ -153,6 +156,18 @@ class KnownDRMIE(UnsupportedInfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.qub.ca/vrai/l-effet-bocuse-d-or/saison-1/l-effet-bocuse-d-or-saison-1-bande-annonce-1098225063',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.crunchyroll.com/watch/GY2P1Q98Y/to-the-future',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://beta.crunchyroll.com/pt-br/watch/G8WUN8VKP/the-ruler-of-conspiracy',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.viki.com/videos/1175236v-choosing-spouse-by-lottery-episode-1',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.deezer.com/playlist/176747451',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ustream.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ustream.py
index 33cf8f454..0fdf8f748 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ustream.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ustream.py
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ def _get_stream_info(self, url, video_id, app_id_ver, extra_note=None):
         def num_to_hex(n):
             return hex(n)[2:]
 
-        rnd = random.randrange
+        rnd = lambda x: random.randrange(int(x))
 
         if not extra_note:
             extra_note = ''
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/veoh.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/veoh.py
deleted file mode 100644
index dc1bf96ec..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/veoh.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-import functools
-import json
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    OnDemandPagedList,
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_duration,
-    qualities,
-    try_get,
-)
-
-
-class VeohIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?veoh\.com/(?:watch|videos|embed|iphone/#_Watch)/(?P<id>(?:v|e|yapi-)[\da-zA-Z]+)'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/v56314296nk7Zdmz3',
-        'md5': '620e68e6a3cff80086df3348426c9ca3',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'v56314296nk7Zdmz3',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Straight Backs Are Stronger',
-            'description': 'md5:203f976279939a6dc664d4001e13f5f4',
-            'thumbnail': 're:https://fcache\\.veoh\\.com/file/f/th56314296\\.jpg(\\?.*)?',
-            'uploader': 'LUMOback',
-            'duration': 46,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'average_rating': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 0,
-            'categories': ['technology_and_gaming'],
-            'tags': ['posture', 'posture', 'sensor', 'back', 'pain', 'wearable', 'tech', 'lumo'],
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/embed/v56314296nk7Zdmz3',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/v27701988pbTc4wzN?h1=Chile+workers+cover+up+to+avoid+skin+damage',
-        'md5': '4a6ff84b87d536a6a71e6aa6c0ad07fa',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '27701988',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Chile workers cover up to avoid skin damage',
-            'description': 'md5:2bd151625a60a32822873efc246ba20d',
-            'uploader': 'afp-news',
-            'duration': 123,
-        },
-        'skip': 'This video has been deleted.',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/v69525809F6Nc4frX',
-        'md5': '4fde7b9e33577bab2f2f8f260e30e979',
-        'note': 'Embedded ooyala video',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '69525809',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Doctors Alter Plan For Preteen\'s Weight Loss Surgery',
-            'description': 'md5:f5a11c51f8fb51d2315bca0937526891',
-            'uploader': 'newsy-videos',
-        },
-        'skip': 'This video has been deleted.',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.veoh.com/watch/e152215AJxZktGS',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.veoh.com/videos/v16374379WA437rMH',
-        'md5': 'cceb73f3909063d64f4b93d4defca1b3',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'v16374379WA437rMH',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Phantasmagoria 2, pt. 1-3',
-            'description': 'Phantasmagoria: a Puzzle of Flesh',
-            'thumbnail': 're:https://fcache\\.veoh\\.com/file/f/th16374379\\.jpg(\\?.*)?',
-            'uploader': 'davidspackage',
-            'duration': 968,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'average_rating': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 18,
-            'categories': ['technology_and_gaming', 'gaming'],
-            'tags': ['puzzle', 'of', 'flesh'],
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        metadata = self._download_json(
-            'https://www.veoh.com/watch/getVideo/' + video_id,
-            video_id)
-        video = metadata['video']
-        title = video['title']
-
-        thumbnail_url = None
-        q = qualities(['Regular', 'HQ'])
-        formats = []
-        for f_id, f_url in video.get('src', {}).items():
-            if not f_url:
-                continue
-            if f_id == 'poster':
-                thumbnail_url = f_url
-            else:
-                formats.append({
-                    'format_id': f_id,
-                    'quality': q(f_id),
-                    'url': f_url,
-                })
-
-        categories = metadata.get('categoryPath')
-        if not categories:
-            category = try_get(video, lambda x: x['category'].strip().removeprefix('category_'))
-            categories = [category] if category else None
-        tags = video.get('tags')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': video.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail_url,
-            'uploader': video.get('author', {}).get('nickname'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(video.get('lengthBySec')) or parse_duration(video.get('length')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(video.get('views')),
-            'formats': formats,
-            'average_rating': int_or_none(video.get('rating')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(video.get('numOfComments')),
-            'age_limit': 18 if video.get('contentRatingId') == 2 else 0,
-            'categories': categories,
-            'tags': tags.split(', ') if tags else None,
-        }
-
-
-class VeohUserIE(VeohIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?veoh\.com/users/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
-    IE_NAME = 'veoh:user'
-
-    _TESTS = [
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.veoh.com/users/valentinazoe',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'valentinazoe',
-                'title': 'valentinazoe (Uploads)',
-            },
-            'playlist_mincount': 75,
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.veoh.com/users/PiensaLibre',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'PiensaLibre',
-                'title': 'PiensaLibre (Uploads)',
-            },
-            'playlist_mincount': 2,
-        }]
-
-    _PAGE_SIZE = 16
-
-    def _fetch_page(self, uploader, page):
-        response = self._download_json(
-            'https://www.veoh.com/users/published/videos', uploader,
-            note=f'Downloading videos page {page + 1}',
-            headers={
-                'x-csrf-token': self._TOKEN,
-                'content-type': 'application/json;charset=UTF-8',
-            },
-            data=json.dumps({
-                'username': uploader,
-                'maxResults': self._PAGE_SIZE,
-                'page': page + 1,
-                'requestName': 'userPage',
-            }).encode())
-        if not response.get('success'):
-            raise ExtractorError(response['message'])
-
-        for video in response['videos']:
-            yield self.url_result(f'https://www.veoh.com/watch/{video["permalinkId"]}', VeohIE,
-                                  video['permalinkId'], video.get('title'))
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            'https://www.veoh.com', None, note='Downloading authorization token')
-        self._TOKEN = self._search_regex(
-            r'csrfToken:\s*(["\'])(?P<token>[0-9a-zA-Z]{40})\1', webpage,
-            'request token', group='token')
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        uploader = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.playlist_result(OnDemandPagedList(
-            functools.partial(self._fetch_page, uploader),
-            self._PAGE_SIZE), uploader, f'{uploader} (Uploads)')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/videocampus_sachsen.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/videocampus_sachsen.py
index 6f98c685c..3db3cf93f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/videocampus_sachsen.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/videocampus_sachsen.py
@@ -14,59 +14,69 @@ class VideocampusSachsenIE(InfoExtractor):
         'corporate.demo.vimp.com',
         'dancehalldatabase.com',
         'drehzahl.tv',
-        'educhannel.hs-gesundheit.de',
+        'educhannel.hs-gesundheit.de',  # Hochschule für Gesundheit NRW
         'emedia.ls.haw-hamburg.de',
         'globale-evolution.net',
         'hohu.tv',
         'htvideos.hightechhigh.org',
         'k210039.vimp.mivitec.net',
         'media.cmslegal.com',
-        'media.hs-furtwangen.de',
-        'media.hwr-berlin.de',
+        'media.fh-swf.de',  # Fachhochschule Südwestfalen
+        'media.hs-furtwangen.de',  # Hochschule Furtwangen
+        'media.hwr-berlin.de',  # Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Recht Berlin
         'mediathek.dkfz.de',
-        'mediathek.htw-berlin.de',
+        'mediathek.htw-berlin.de',  # Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin
         'mediathek.polizei-bw.de',
-        'medien.hs-merseburg.de',
-        'mportal.europa-uni.de',
+        'medien.hs-merseburg.de',  # Hochschule Merseburg
+        'mitmedia.manukau.ac.nz',  # Manukau Institute of Technology Auckland (NZ)
+        'mportal.europa-uni.de',  # Europa-Universität Viadrina
         'pacific.demo.vimp.com',
         'slctv.com',
         'streaming.prairiesouth.ca',
         'tube.isbonline.cn',
-        'univideo.uni-kassel.de',
+        'univideo.uni-kassel.de',  # Universität Kassel
         'ursula2.genetics.emory.edu',
         'ursulablicklevideoarchiv.com',
         'v.agrarumweltpaedagogik.at',
         'video.eplay-tv.de',
-        'video.fh-dortmund.de',
-        'video.hs-offenburg.de',
-        'video.hs-pforzheim.de',
-        'video.hspv.nrw.de',
+        'video.fh-dortmund.de',  # Fachhochschule Dortmund
+        'video.hs-nb.de',  # Hochschule Neubrandenburg
+        'video.hs-offenburg.de',  # Hochschule Offenburg
+        'video.hs-pforzheim.de',  # Hochschule Pforzheim
+        'video.hspv.nrw.de',  # Hochschule für Polizei und öffentliche Verwaltung NRW
         'video.irtshdf.fr',
         'video.pareygo.de',
-        'video.tu-freiberg.de',
-        'videocampus.sachsen.de',
-        'videoportal.uni-freiburg.de',
-        'videoportal.vm.uni-freiburg.de',
+        'video.tu-dortmund.de',  # Technische Universität Dortmund
+        'video.tu-freiberg.de',  # Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg
+        'videocampus.sachsen.de',  # Video Campus Sachsen (gemeinsame Videoplattform sächsischer Universitäten, Hochschulen und der Berufsakademie Sachsen)
+        'videoportal.uni-freiburg.de',  # Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
+        'videoportal.vm.uni-freiburg.de',  # Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
         'videos.duoc.cl',
-        'videos.uni-paderborn.de',
+        'videos.uni-paderborn.de',  # Universität Paderborn
         'vimp-bemus.udk-berlin.de',
         'vimp.aekwl.de',
         'vimp.hs-mittweida.de',
-        'vimp.oth-regensburg.de',
-        'vimp.ph-heidelberg.de',
+        'vimp.landesfilmdienste.de',
+        'vimp.oth-regensburg.de',  # Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Regensburg
+        'vimp.ph-heidelberg.de',  # Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg
         'vimp.sma-events.com',
         'vimp.weka-fachmedien.de',
+        'vimpdesk.com',
         'webtv.univ-montp3.fr',
-        'www.b-tu.de/media',
+        'www.b-tu.de/media',  # Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg
         'www.bergauf.tv',
         'www.bigcitytv.de',
         'www.cad-videos.de',
         'www.drehzahl.tv',
-        'www.fh-bielefeld.de/medienportal',
         'www.hohu.tv',
+        'www.hsbi.de/medienportal',  # Hochschule Bielefeld
+        'www.logistic.tv',
         'www.orvovideo.com',
+        'www.printtube.co.uk',
         'www.rwe.tv',
         'www.salzi.tv',
+        'www.signtube.co.uk',
+        'www.twb-power.com',
         'www.wenglor-media.com',
         'www2.univ-sba.dz',
     )
@@ -188,22 +198,23 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 class ViMPPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
     IE_NAME = 'ViMP:Playlist'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)(?P<host>https?://(?:{}))/(?:
-        album/view/aid/(?P<album_id>[0-9]+)|
-        (?P<mode>category|channel)/(?P<name>[\w-]+)/(?P<id>[0-9]+)
+        (?P<mode1>album)/view/aid/(?P<album_id>[0-9]+)|
+        (?P<mode2>category|channel)/(?P<name>[\w-]+)/(?P<channel_id>[0-9]+)|
+        (?P<mode3>tag)/(?P<tag_id>[0-9]+)
     )'''.format('|'.join(map(re.escape, VideocampusSachsenIE._INSTANCES)))
 
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://vimp.oth-regensburg.de/channel/Designtheorie-1-SoSe-2020/3',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'channel-3',
-            'title': 'Designtheorie 1 SoSe 2020 :: Channels :: ViMP OTH Regensburg',
+            'title': 'Designtheorie 1 SoSe 2020 - Channels - ViMP OTH Regensburg',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 9,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.fh-bielefeld.de/medienportal/album/view/aid/208',
+        'url': 'https://www.hsbi.de/medienportal/album/view/aid/208',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'album-208',
-            'title': 'KG Praktikum ABT/MEC :: Playlists :: FH-Medienportal',
+            'title': 'KG Praktikum ABT/MEC - Playlists - HSBI-Medienportal',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 4,
     }, {
@@ -213,6 +224,13 @@ class ViMPPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
             'title': 'Online-Seminare ONYX - BPS - Bildungseinrichtungen - VCS',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 7,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://videocampus.sachsen.de/tag/26902',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'tag-26902',
+            'title': 'advanced mobile and v2x communication - Tags - VCS',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 6,
     }]
     _PAGE_SIZE = 10
 
@@ -220,34 +238,37 @@ def _fetch_page(self, host, url_part, playlist_id, data, page):
         webpage = self._download_webpage(
             f'{host}/media/ajax/component/boxList/{url_part}', playlist_id,
             query={'page': page, 'page_only': 1}, data=urlencode_postdata(data))
-        urls = re.findall(r'"([^"]+/video/[^"]+)"', webpage)
+        urls = re.findall(r'"([^"]*/video/[^"]+)"', webpage)
 
         for url in urls:
             yield self.url_result(host + url, VideocampusSachsenIE)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        host, album_id, mode, name, playlist_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group(
-            'host', 'album_id', 'mode', 'name', 'id')
+        host, album_id, name, channel_id, tag_id, mode1, mode2, mode3 = self._match_valid_url(url).group(
+            'host', 'album_id', 'name', 'channel_id', 'tag_id', 'mode1', 'mode2', 'mode3')
 
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, album_id or playlist_id, fatal=False) or ''
+        mode = mode1 or mode2 or mode3
+        playlist_id = album_id or channel_id or tag_id
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id, fatal=False) or ''
         title = (self._html_search_meta('title', webpage, fatal=False)
                  or self._html_extract_title(webpage))
 
         url_part = (f'aid/{album_id}' if album_id
-                    else f'category/{name}/category_id/{playlist_id}' if mode == 'category'
-                    else f'title/{name}/channel/{playlist_id}')
+                    else f'category/{name}/category_id/{channel_id}' if mode == 'category'
+                    else f'title/{name}/channel/{channel_id}' if mode == 'channel'
+                    else f'tag/{tag_id}')
 
-        mode = mode or 'album'
         data = {
             'vars[mode]': mode,
-            f'vars[{mode}]': album_id or playlist_id,
-            'vars[context]': '4' if album_id else '1' if mode == 'category' else '3',
-            'vars[context_id]': album_id or playlist_id,
+            f'vars[{mode}]': playlist_id,
+            'vars[context]': '4' if album_id else '1' if mode == 'category' else '3' if mode == 'album' else '0',
+            'vars[context_id]': playlist_id,
             'vars[layout]': 'thumb',
             'vars[per_page][thumb]': str(self._PAGE_SIZE),
         }
 
         return self.playlist_result(
             OnDemandPagedList(functools.partial(
-                self._fetch_page, host, url_part, album_id or playlist_id, data), self._PAGE_SIZE),
-            playlist_title=title, id=f'{mode}-{album_id or playlist_id}')
+                self._fetch_page, host, url_part, playlist_id, data), self._PAGE_SIZE),
+            playlist_title=title, id=f'{mode}-{playlist_id}')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py
index 20a54b161..89a89b13f 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vidyard.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 import re
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -72,9 +71,9 @@ def _process_video_json(self, json_data, video_id):
                 'id': ('facadeUuid', {str}),
                 'display_id': ('videoId', {int}, {str_or_none}),
                 'title': ('name', {str}),
-                'description': ('description', {str}, {unescapeHTML}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}, {unescapeHTML}, filter),
                 'duration': ((
-                    ('milliseconds', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                    ('milliseconds', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                     ('seconds', {int_or_none})), any),
                 'thumbnails': ('thumbnailUrls', ('small', 'normal'), {'url': {url_or_none}}),
                 'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
@@ -422,5 +421,5 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             return self._process_video_json(video_json['chapters'][0], video_id)
 
         return self.playlist_result(
-            [self._process_video_json(chapter, video_id) for chapter in video_json['chapters']],
+            (self._process_video_json(chapter, video_id) for chapter in video_json['chapters']),
             str(video_json['playerUuid']), video_json.get('name'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/viki.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/viki.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 75f9cdf2f..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/viki.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,346 +0,0 @@
-import hashlib
-import hmac
-import json
-import time
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    int_or_none,
-    parse_age_limit,
-    parse_iso8601,
-    try_get,
-)
-
-
-class VikiBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL_BASE = r'https?://(?:www\.)?viki\.(?:com|net|mx|jp|fr)/'
-    _API_URL_TEMPLATE = 'https://api.viki.io%s'
-
-    _DEVICE_ID = '112395910d'
-    _APP = '100005a'
-    _APP_VERSION = '6.11.3'
-    _APP_SECRET = 'd96704b180208dbb2efa30fe44c48bd8690441af9f567ba8fd710a72badc85198f7472'
-
-    _GEO_BYPASS = False
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'viki'
-
-    _token = None
-
-    _ERRORS = {
-        'geo': 'Sorry, this content is not available in your region.',
-        'upcoming': 'Sorry, this content is not yet available.',
-        'paywall': 'Sorry, this content is only available to Viki Pass Plus subscribers',
-    }
-
-    def _stream_headers(self, timestamp, sig):
-        return {
-            'X-Viki-manufacturer': 'vivo',
-            'X-Viki-device-model': 'vivo 1606',
-            'X-Viki-device-os-ver': '6.0.1',
-            'X-Viki-connection-type': 'WIFI',
-            'X-Viki-carrier': '',
-            'X-Viki-as-id': '100005a-1625321982-3932',
-            'timestamp': str(timestamp),
-            'signature': str(sig),
-            'x-viki-app-ver': self._APP_VERSION,
-        }
-
-    def _api_query(self, path, version=4, **kwargs):
-        path += '?' if '?' not in path else '&'
-        query = f'/v{version}/{path}app={self._APP}'
-        if self._token:
-            query += f'&token={self._token}'
-        return query + ''.join(f'&{name}={val}' for name, val in kwargs.items())
-
-    def _sign_query(self, path):
-        timestamp = int(time.time())
-        query = self._api_query(path, version=5)
-        sig = hmac.new(
-            self._APP_SECRET.encode('ascii'), f'{query}&t={timestamp}'.encode('ascii'), hashlib.sha1).hexdigest()
-        return timestamp, sig, self._API_URL_TEMPLATE % query
-
-    def _call_api(
-            self, path, video_id, note='Downloading JSON metadata', data=None, query=None, fatal=True):
-        if query is None:
-            timestamp, sig, url = self._sign_query(path)
-        else:
-            url = self._API_URL_TEMPLATE % self._api_query(path, version=4)
-        resp = self._download_json(
-            url, video_id, note, fatal=fatal, query=query,
-            data=json.dumps(data).encode() if data else None,
-            headers=({'x-viki-app-ver': self._APP_VERSION} if data
-                     else self._stream_headers(timestamp, sig) if query is None
-                     else None), expected_status=400) or {}
-
-        self._raise_error(resp.get('error'), fatal)
-        return resp
-
-    def _raise_error(self, error, fatal=True):
-        if error is None:
-            return
-        msg = f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {error}'
-        if fatal:
-            raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)
-        else:
-            self.report_warning(msg)
-
-    def _check_errors(self, data):
-        for reason, status in (data.get('blocking') or {}).items():
-            if status and reason in self._ERRORS:
-                message = self._ERRORS[reason]
-                if reason == 'geo':
-                    self.raise_geo_restricted(msg=message)
-                elif reason == 'paywall':
-                    if try_get(data, lambda x: x['paywallable']['tvod']):
-                        self._raise_error('This video is for rent only or TVOD (Transactional Video On demand)')
-                    self.raise_login_required(message)
-                self._raise_error(message)
-
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        self._token = self._call_api(
-            'sessions.json', None, 'Logging in', fatal=False,
-            data={'username': username, 'password': password}).get('token')
-        if not self._token:
-            self.report_warning('Login Failed: Unable to get session token')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def dict_selection(dict_obj, preferred_key):
-        if preferred_key in dict_obj:
-            return dict_obj[preferred_key]
-        return (list(filter(None, dict_obj.values())) or [None])[0]
-
-
-class VikiIE(VikiBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'viki'
-    _VALID_URL = rf'{VikiBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}(?:videos|player)/(?P<id>[0-9]+v)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'note': 'Free non-DRM video with storyboards in MPD',
-        'url': 'https://www.viki.com/videos/1175236v-choosing-spouse-by-lottery-episode-1',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1175236v',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Choosing Spouse by Lottery - Episode 1',
-            'timestamp': 1606463239,
-            'age_limit': 13,
-            'uploader': 'FCC',
-            'upload_date': '20201127',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/videos/1023585v-heirs-episode-14',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1023585v',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Heirs - Episode 14',
-            'uploader': 'SBS Contents Hub',
-            'timestamp': 1385047627,
-            'upload_date': '20131121',
-            'age_limit': 13,
-            'duration': 3570,
-            'episode_number': 14,
-        },
-        'skip': 'Blocked in the US',
-    }, {
-        # clip
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/videos/1067139v-the-avengers-age-of-ultron-press-conference',
-        'md5': '86c0b5dbd4d83a6611a79987cc7a1989',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1067139v',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': "'The Avengers: Age of Ultron' Press Conference",
-            'description': 'md5:d70b2f9428f5488321bfe1db10d612ea',
-            'duration': 352,
-            'timestamp': 1430380829,
-            'upload_date': '20150430',
-            'uploader': 'Arirang TV',
-            'like_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 0,
-        },
-        'skip': 'Sorry. There was an error loading this video',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/videos/1048879v-ankhon-dekhi',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1048879v',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ankhon Dekhi',
-            'duration': 6512,
-            'timestamp': 1408532356,
-            'upload_date': '20140820',
-            'uploader': 'Spuul',
-            'like_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 13,
-        },
-        'skip': 'Blocked in the US',
-    }, {
-        # episode
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/videos/44699v-boys-over-flowers-episode-1',
-        'md5': '0a53dc252e6e690feccd756861495a8c',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '44699v',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Boys Over Flowers - Episode 1',
-            'description': 'md5:b89cf50038b480b88b5b3c93589a9076',
-            'duration': 4172,
-            'timestamp': 1270496524,
-            'upload_date': '20100405',
-            'uploader': 'group8',
-            'like_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 13,
-            'episode_number': 1,
-        },
-    }, {
-        # youtube external
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/videos/50562v-poor-nastya-complete-episode-1',
-        'md5': '63f8600c1da6f01b7640eee7eca4f1da',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '50562v',
-            'ext': 'webm',
-            'title': 'Poor Nastya [COMPLETE] - Episode 1',
-            'description': '',
-            'duration': 606,
-            'timestamp': 1274949505,
-            'upload_date': '20101213',
-            'uploader': 'ad14065n',
-            'uploader_id': 'ad14065n',
-            'like_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 13,
-        },
-        'skip': 'Page not found!',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/player/44699v',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # non-English description
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/videos/158036v-love-in-magic',
-        'md5': '41faaba0de90483fb4848952af7c7d0d',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '158036v',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'uploader': 'I Planet Entertainment',
-            'upload_date': '20111122',
-            'timestamp': 1321985454,
-            'description': 'md5:44b1e46619df3a072294645c770cef36',
-            'title': 'Love In Magic',
-            'age_limit': 13,
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        video = self._call_api(f'videos/{video_id}.json', video_id, 'Downloading video JSON', query={})
-        self._check_errors(video)
-
-        title = try_get(video, lambda x: x['titles']['en'], str)
-        episode_number = int_or_none(video.get('number'))
-        if not title:
-            title = f'Episode {episode_number}' if video.get('type') == 'episode' else video.get('id') or video_id
-            container_titles = try_get(video, lambda x: x['container']['titles'], dict) or {}
-            container_title = self.dict_selection(container_titles, 'en')
-            title = f'{container_title} - {title}'
-
-        thumbnails = [{
-            'id': thumbnail_id,
-            'url': thumbnail['url'],
-        } for thumbnail_id, thumbnail in (video.get('images') or {}).items() if thumbnail.get('url')]
-
-        resp = self._call_api(
-            f'playback_streams/{video_id}.json?drms=dt3&device_id={self._DEVICE_ID}',
-            video_id, 'Downloading video streams JSON')['main'][0]
-
-        stream_id = try_get(resp, lambda x: x['properties']['track']['stream_id'])
-        subtitles = dict((lang, [{
-            'ext': ext,
-            'url': self._API_URL_TEMPLATE % self._api_query(
-                f'videos/{video_id}/auth_subtitles/{lang}.{ext}', stream_id=stream_id),
-        } for ext in ('srt', 'vtt')]) for lang in (video.get('subtitle_completions') or {}))
-
-        mpd_url = resp['url']
-        # 720p is hidden in another MPD which can be found in the current manifest content
-        mpd_content = self._download_webpage(mpd_url, video_id, note='Downloading initial MPD manifest')
-        mpd_url = self._search_regex(
-            r'(?mi)<BaseURL>(http.+.mpd)', mpd_content, 'new manifest', default=mpd_url)
-        if 'mpdhd_high' not in mpd_url and 'sig=' not in mpd_url:
-            # Modify the URL to get 1080p
-            mpd_url = mpd_url.replace('mpdhd', 'mpdhd_high')
-        formats = self._extract_mpd_formats(mpd_url, video_id)
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': self.dict_selection(video.get('descriptions', {}), 'en'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(video.get('duration')),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(video.get('created_at')),
-            'uploader': video.get('author'),
-            'uploader_url': video.get('author_url'),
-            'like_count': int_or_none(try_get(video, lambda x: x['likes']['count'])),
-            'age_limit': parse_age_limit(video.get('rating')),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'episode_number': episode_number,
-        }
-
-
-class VikiChannelIE(VikiBaseIE):
-    IE_NAME = 'viki:channel'
-    _VALID_URL = rf'{VikiBaseIE._VALID_URL_BASE}(?:tv|news|movies|artists)/(?P<id>[0-9]+c)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/tv/50c-boys-over-flowers',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '50c',
-            'title': 'Boys Over Flowers',
-            'description': 'md5:804ce6e7837e1fd527ad2f25420f4d59',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 51,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/tv/1354c-poor-nastya-complete',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1354c',
-            'title': 'Poor Nastya [COMPLETE]',
-            'description': 'md5:05bf5471385aa8b21c18ad450e350525',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 127,
-        'skip': 'Page not found',
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/news/24569c-showbiz-korea',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/movies/22047c-pride-and-prejudice-2005',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.viki.com/artists/2141c-shinee',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    _video_types = ('episodes', 'movies', 'clips', 'trailers')
-
-    def _entries(self, channel_id):
-        params = {
-            'app': self._APP, 'token': self._token, 'only_ids': 'true',
-            'direction': 'asc', 'sort': 'number', 'per_page': 30,
-        }
-        video_types = self._configuration_arg('video_types') or self._video_types
-        for video_type in video_types:
-            if video_type not in self._video_types:
-                self.report_warning(f'Unknown video_type: {video_type}')
-            page_num = 0
-            while True:
-                page_num += 1
-                params['page'] = page_num
-                res = self._call_api(
-                    f'containers/{channel_id}/{video_type}.json', channel_id, query=params, fatal=False,
-                    note=f'Downloading {video_type.title()} JSON page {page_num}')
-
-                for video_id in res.get('response') or []:
-                    yield self.url_result(f'https://www.viki.com/videos/{video_id}', VikiIE.ie_key(), video_id)
-                if not res.get('more'):
-                    break
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
-        channel = self._call_api(f'containers/{channel_id}.json', channel_id, 'Downloading channel JSON')
-        self._check_errors(channel)
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            self._entries(channel_id), channel_id,
-            self.dict_selection(channel['titles'], 'en'),
-            self.dict_selection(channel['descriptions'], 'en'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
index 9a03948cd..8a0aaaa46 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
@@ -21,12 +21,14 @@
     parse_filesize,
     parse_iso8601,
     parse_qs,
+    qualities,
     smuggle_url,
     str_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
     try_get,
     unified_timestamp,
     unsmuggle_url,
+    url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
     urlhandle_detect_ext,
     urljoin,
@@ -146,6 +148,8 @@ def _parse_config(self, config, video_id):
             })
 
         # TODO: fix handling of 308 status code returned for live archive manifest requests
+        QUALITIES = ('low', 'medium', 'high')
+        quality = qualities(QUALITIES)
         sep_pattern = r'/sep/video/'
         for files_type in ('hls', 'dash'):
             for cdn_name, cdn_data in (try_get(config_files, lambda x: x[files_type]['cdns']) or {}).items():
@@ -166,6 +170,11 @@ def _parse_config(self, config, video_id):
                             m_url, video_id, 'mp4', live=is_live, m3u8_id=f_id,
                             note=f'Downloading {cdn_name} m3u8 information',
                             fatal=False)
+                        # m3u8 doesn't give audio bitrates; need to prioritize based on GROUP-ID
+                        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10854
+                        for f in fmts:
+                            if mobj := re.search(rf'audio-({"|".join(QUALITIES)})', f['format_id']):
+                                f['quality'] = quality(mobj.group(1))
                         formats.extend(fmts)
                         self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
                     elif files_type == 'dash':
@@ -203,11 +212,7 @@ def _parse_config(self, config, video_id):
                     'width': int_or_none(key),
                     'url': thumb,
                 })
-            thumbnail = video_data.get('thumbnail')
-            if thumbnail:
-                thumbnails.append({
-                    'url': thumbnail,
-                })
+            thumbnails.extend(traverse_obj(video_data, (('thumbnail', 'thumbnail_url'), {'url': {url_or_none}})))
 
         owner = video_data.get('owner') or {}
         video_uploader_url = owner.get('url')
@@ -380,7 +385,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/businessofsoftware',
                 'uploader_id': 'businessofsoftware',
                 'duration': 3610,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/376682406-f34043e7b766af6bef2af81366eacd6724f3fc3173179a11a97a1e26587c9529-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/376682406-f34043e7b766af6bef2af81366eacd6724f3fc3173179a11a97a1e26587c9529-d',
             },
             'params': {
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
@@ -405,7 +410,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 10,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'like_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d',
             },
             'params': {
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
@@ -429,7 +434,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'timestamp': 1380339469,
                 'upload_date': '20130928',
                 'duration': 187,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/450239872-a05512d9b1e55d707a7c04365c10980f327b06d966351bc403a5d5d65c95e572-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/450239872-a05512d9b1e55d707a7c04365c10980f327b06d966351bc403a5d5d65c95e572-d',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'like_count': int,
@@ -455,7 +460,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 62,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'like_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/452001751-8216e0571c251a09d7a8387550942d89f7f86f6398f8ed886e639b0dd50d3c90-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/452001751-8216e0571c251a09d7a8387550942d89f7f86f6398f8ed886e639b0dd50d3c90-d',
                 'subtitles': {
                     'de': 'count:3',
                     'en': 'count:3',
@@ -480,7 +485,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/user28849593',
                 'uploader_id': 'user28849593',
                 'duration': 118,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/478636036-c18440305ef3df9decfb6bf207a61fe39d2d17fa462a96f6f2d93d30492b037d-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/478636036-c18440305ef3df9decfb6bf207a61fe39d2d17fa462a96f6f2d93d30492b037d-d',
             },
             'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
         },
@@ -501,7 +506,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 60,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'view_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/231174622-dd07f015e9221ff529d451e1cc31c982b5d87bfafa48c4189b1da72824ee289a-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/231174622-dd07f015e9221ff529d451e1cc31c982b5d87bfafa48c4189b1da72824ee289a-d',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'tags': 'count:11',
             },
@@ -523,7 +528,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': 'md5:f2edc61af3ea7a5592681ddbb683db73',
                 'upload_date': '20200225',
                 'duration': 176,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/859377297-836494a4ef775e9d4edbace83937d9ad34dc846c688c0c419c0e87f7ab06c4b3-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/859377297-836494a4ef775e9d4edbace83937d9ad34dc846c688c0c419c0e87f7ab06c4b3-d',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/frameworkla',
             },
             # 'params': {'format': 'source'},
@@ -548,7 +553,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 321,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'view_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/22728298-bfc22146f930de7cf497821c7b0b9f168099201ecca39b00b6bd31fcedfca7a6-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/22728298-bfc22146f930de7cf497821c7b0b9f168099201ecca39b00b6bd31fcedfca7a6-d',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'tags': ['[the shining', 'vimeohq', 'cv', 'vimeo tribute]'],
             },
@@ -588,7 +593,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader_id': 'user18948128',
                 'uploader': 'Jaime Marquínez Ferrándiz',
                 'duration': 10,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d',
             },
             'params': {
                 'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
@@ -625,7 +630,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'description': str,  # FIXME: Dynamic SEO spam description
                 'upload_date': '20150209',
                 'timestamp': 1423518307,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/default_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/default',
                 'duration': 10,
                 'like_count': int,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user20132939',
@@ -658,7 +663,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'license': 'by-nc',
                 'duration': 159,
                 'comment_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/562802436-585eeb13b5020c6ac0f171a2234067938098f84737787df05ff0d767f6d54ee9-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/562802436-585eeb13b5020c6ac0f171a2234067938098f84737787df05ff0d767f6d54ee9-d',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/aliniamedia',
                 'release_date': '20160329',
@@ -678,7 +683,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader': 'Firework Champions',
                 'upload_date': '20150910',
                 'timestamp': 1441901895,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/534715882-6ff8e4660cbf2fea68282876d8d44f318825dfe572cc4016e73b3266eac8ae3a-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/534715882-6ff8e4660cbf2fea68282876d8d44f318825dfe572cc4016e73b3266eac8ae3a-d',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/fireworkchampions',
                 'tags': 'count:6',
                 'duration': 229,
@@ -707,7 +712,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'duration': 336,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'view_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/541243181-b593db36a16db2f0096f655da3f5a4dc46b8766d77b0f440df937ecb0c418347-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/541243181-b593db36a16db2f0096f655da3f5a4dc46b8766d77b0f440df937ecb0c418347-d',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/karimhd',
                 'channel_url': 'https://vimeo.com/channels/staffpicks',
@@ -732,7 +737,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'release_timestamp': 1627621014,
                 'duration': 976,
                 'comment_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1202249320-4ddb2c30398c0dc0ee059172d1bd5ea481ad12f0e0e3ad01d2266f56c744b015-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1202249320-4ddb2c30398c0dc0ee059172d1bd5ea481ad12f0e0e3ad01d2266f56c744b015-d',
                 'like_count': int,
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/txwestcapital',
                 'release_date': '20210730',
@@ -756,7 +761,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader': 'Alex Howard',
                 'uploader_id': 'user54729178',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user54729178',
-                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1520099929-[\da-f]+-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1520099929-[\da-f]+-d',
                 'duration': 2636,
                 'chapters': [
                     {'start_time': 0, 'end_time': 10, 'title': '<Untitled Chapter 1>'},
@@ -799,7 +804,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'like_count': int,
                 'view_count': int,
                 'comment_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1018638656-[\da-f]+-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1018638656-[\da-f]+-d',
             },
             # 'params': {'format': 'Original'},
             'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
@@ -816,7 +821,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                 'uploader_id': 'rajavirdi',
                 'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/rajavirdi',
                 'duration': 309,
-                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1716727772-[\da-f]+-d_1280',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1716727772-[\da-f]+-d',
             },
             # 'params': {'format': 'source'},
             'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
@@ -861,11 +866,12 @@ def _extract_from_api(self, video_id, unlisted_hash=None):
         for retry in (False, True):
             try:
                 video = self._call_videos_api(video_id, viewer['jwt'], unlisted_hash)
+                break
             except ExtractorError as e:
                 if (not retry and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400
                     and 'password' in traverse_obj(
-                        e.cause.response.read(),
-                        ({bytes.decode}, {json.loads}, 'invalid_parameters', ..., 'field'),
+                        self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, e.cause.response.url, video_id, fatal=False),
+                        ({json.loads}, 'invalid_parameters', ..., 'field'),
                 )):
                     self._verify_video_password(
                         video_id, self._get_video_password(), viewer['xsrft'])
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vine.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vine.py
deleted file mode 100644
index eed4bfeeb..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vine.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    determine_ext,
-    format_field,
-    int_or_none,
-    unified_timestamp,
-)
-
-
-class VineIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?vine\.co/(?:v|oembed)/(?P<id>\w+)'
-    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"](?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?vine\.co/v/[^/]+/embed/(?:simple|postcard))']
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://vine.co/v/b9KOOWX7HUx',
-        'md5': '2f36fed6235b16da96ce9b4dc890940d',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'b9KOOWX7HUx',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Chicken.',
-            'alt_title': 'Vine by Jack',
-            'timestamp': 1368997951,
-            'upload_date': '20130519',
-            'uploader': 'Jack',
-            'uploader_id': '76',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'repost_count': int,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://vine.co/v/e192BnZnZ9V',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'e192BnZnZ9V',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'ยิ้ม~ เขิน~ อาย~ น่าร้ากอ้ะ >//< @n_whitewo @orlameena #lovesicktheseries  #lovesickseason2',
-            'alt_title': 'Vine by Pimry_zaa',
-            'timestamp': 1436057405,
-            'upload_date': '20150705',
-            'uploader': 'Pimry_zaa',
-            'uploader_id': '1135760698325307392',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'repost_count': int,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://vine.co/v/MYxVapFvz2z',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://vine.co/v/bxVjBbZlPUH',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://vine.co/oembed/MYxVapFvz2z.json',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        data = self._download_json(
-            f'https://archive.vine.co/posts/{video_id}.json', video_id)
-
-        def video_url(kind):
-            for url_suffix in ('Url', 'URL'):
-                format_url = data.get(f'video{kind}{url_suffix}')
-                if format_url:
-                    return format_url
-
-        formats = []
-        for quality, format_id in enumerate(('low', '', 'dash')):
-            format_url = video_url(format_id.capitalize())
-            if not format_url:
-                continue
-            # DASH link returns plain mp4
-            if format_id == 'dash' and determine_ext(format_url) == 'mpd':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                    format_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
-            else:
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': format_url,
-                    'format_id': format_id or 'standard',
-                    'quality': quality,
-                })
-        self._check_formats(formats, video_id)
-
-        username = data.get('username')
-
-        alt_title = format_field(username, None, 'Vine by %s')
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': data.get('description') or alt_title or 'Vine video',
-            'alt_title': alt_title,
-            'thumbnail': data.get('thumbnailUrl'),
-            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(data.get('created')),
-            'uploader': username,
-            'uploader_id': data.get('userIdStr'),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(data.get('loops')),
-            'like_count': int_or_none(data.get('likes')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(data.get('comments')),
-            'repost_count': int_or_none(data.get('reposts')),
-            'formats': formats,
-        }
-
-
-class VineUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'vine:user'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vine\.co/(?P<u>u/)?(?P<user>[^/]+)'
-    _VINE_BASE_URL = 'https://vine.co/'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://vine.co/itsruthb',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'itsruthb',
-            'title': 'Ruth B',
-            'description': '| Instagram/Twitter: itsruthb | still a lost boy from neverland',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 611,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://vine.co/u/942914934646415360',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if VineIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        user = mobj.group('user')
-        u = mobj.group('u')
-
-        profile_url = '{}api/users/profiles/{}{}'.format(
-            self._VINE_BASE_URL, 'vanity/' if not u else '', user)
-        profile_data = self._download_json(
-            profile_url, user, note='Downloading user profile data')
-
-        data = profile_data['data']
-        user_id = data.get('userId') or data['userIdStr']
-        profile = self._download_json(
-            f'https://archive.vine.co/profiles/{user_id}.json', user_id)
-        entries = [
-            self.url_result(
-                f'https://vine.co/v/{post_id}', ie='Vine', video_id=post_id)
-            for post_id in profile['posts']
-            if post_id and isinstance(post_id, str)]
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            entries, user, profile.get('username'), profile.get('description'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/viu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/viu.py
index 01e59352b..f4ed96bf6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/viu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/viu.py
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4')
 
         for key, value in video_data.items():
-            mobj = re.match(r'^subtitle_(?P<lang>[^_]+)_(?P<ext>(vtt|srt))', key)
+            mobj = re.match(r'subtitle_(?P<lang>[^_]+)_(?P<ext>(vtt|srt))', key)
             if not mobj:
                 continue
             subtitles.setdefault(mobj.group('lang'), []).append({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
index 6ccc701a2..ef67c210b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@
     get_element_html_by_id,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
+    parse_qs,
     parse_resolution,
     str_or_none,
     str_to_int,
-    traverse_obj,
     try_call,
     unescapeHTML,
     unified_timestamp,
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@
     urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj
 
 
 class VKBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -91,17 +92,17 @@ def _download_payload(self, path, video_id, data, fatal=True):
 class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'vk'
     IE_DESC = 'VK'
-    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+?src=(["\'])(?P<url>https?://vk\.com/video_ext\.php.+?)\1']
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<iframe[^>]+?src=(["\'])(?P<url>https?://vk(?:(?:video)?\.ru|\.com)/video_ext\.php.+?)\1']
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                     https?://
                         (?:
                             (?:
-                                (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk\.com/video_|
+                                (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk(?:(?:video)?\.ru|\.com)/video_|
                                 (?:www\.)?daxab\.com/
                             )
                             ext\.php\?(?P<embed_query>.*?\boid=(?P<oid>-?\d+).*?\bid=(?P<id>\d+).*)|
                             (?:
-                                (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk\.com/(?:.+?\?.*?z=)?(?:video|clip)|
+                                (?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk(?:(?:video)?\.ru|\.com)/(?:.+?\?.*?z=)?(?:video|clip)|
                                 (?:www\.)?daxab\.com/embed/
                             )
                             (?P<videoid>-?\d+_\d+)(?:.*\blist=(?P<list_id>([\da-f]+)|(ln-[\da-zA-Z]+)))?
@@ -110,11 +111,12 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
 
     _TESTS = [
         {
-            'url': 'http://vk.com/videos-77521?z=video-77521_162222515%2Fclub77521',
+            'url': 'https://vk.com/videos-77521?z=video-77521_162222515%2Fclub77521',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '-77521_162222515',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'ProtivoGunz - Хуёвая песня',
+                'description': 'Видео из официальной группы Noize MC\nhttp://vk.com/noizemc',
                 'uploader': 're:(?:Noize MC|Alexander Ilyashenko).*',
                 'uploader_id': '39545378',
                 'duration': 195,
@@ -127,7 +129,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
             'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
         },
         {
-            'url': 'http://vk.com/video205387401_165548505',
+            'url': 'https://vk.com/video205387401_165548505',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '205387401_165548505',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -164,6 +166,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'id': '-93049196_456239755',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': '8 серия (озвучка)',
+                'description': 'Видео из официальной группы Noize MC\nhttp://vk.com/noizemc',
                 'duration': 8383,
                 'comment_count': int,
                 'uploader': 'Dizi2021',
@@ -182,10 +185,10 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': "DSWD Awards 'Children's Joy Foundation, Inc.' Certificate of Registration and License to Operate",
                 'description': 'md5:bf9c26cfa4acdfb146362682edd3827a',
-                'duration': 178,
+                'duration': 179,
                 'upload_date': '20130117',
                 'uploader': "Children's Joy Foundation Inc.",
-                'uploader_id': 'thecjf',
+                'uploader_id': '@CJFIofficial',
                 'view_count': int,
                 'channel_id': 'UCgzCNQ11TmR9V97ECnhi3gw',
                 'availability': 'public',
@@ -193,7 +196,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'live_status': 'not_live',
                 'playable_in_embed': True,
                 'channel': 'Children\'s Joy Foundation Inc.',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/thecjf',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@CJFIofficial',
                 'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg$',
                 'tags': 'count:27',
                 'start_time': 0.0,
@@ -201,6 +204,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgzCNQ11TmR9V97ECnhi3gw',
                 'channel_follower_count': int,
                 'age_limit': 0,
+                'timestamp': 1358394935,
             },
         },
         {
@@ -222,6 +226,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+x1080$',
                 'tags': list,
             },
+            'skip': 'This video has been deleted and is no longer available.',
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://vk.com/clips-74006511?z=clip-74006511_456247211',
@@ -235,13 +240,14 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                 'timestamp': 1664995597,
                 'title': 'Clip by @madempress',
                 'upload_date': '20221005',
-                'uploader': 'Шальная императрица',
+                'uploader': 'Шальная Императрица',
                 'uploader_id': '-74006511',
+                'description': 'md5:f9315f7786fa0e84e75e4f824a48b056',
             },
         },
         {
             # video key is extra_data not url\d+
-            'url': 'http://vk.com/video-110305615_171782105',
+            'url': 'https://vk.com/video-110305615_171782105',
             'md5': 'e13fcda136f99764872e739d13fac1d1',
             'info_dict': {
                 'id': '-110305615_171782105',
@@ -273,6 +279,26 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': True,
             },
+            'skip': 'No formats found',
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'video has chapters',
+            'url': 'https://vkvideo.ru/video-18403220_456239696',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '-18403220_456239696',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Трамп отменяет гранты // DeepSeek - Революция в ИИ // Илон Маск читер',
+                'description': 'md5:b112ea9de53683b6d03d29076f62eec2',
+                'uploader': 'Руслан Усачев',
+                'uploader_id': '-18403220',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'duration': 1983,
+                'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+                'chapters': 'count:21',
+                'timestamp': 1738252883,
+                'upload_date': '20250130',
+            },
         },
         {
             # live stream, hls and rtmp links, most likely already finished live
@@ -312,7 +338,16 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
         {
             'url': 'https://vk.com/clip30014565_456240946',
             'only_matching': True,
-        }]
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://vkvideo.ru/video-127553155_456242961',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://vk.ru/video-220754053_456242564',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+    ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
@@ -338,7 +373,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             video_id = '{}_{}'.format(mobj.group('oid'), mobj.group('id'))
 
             info_page = self._download_webpage(
-                'http://vk.com/video_ext.php?' + mobj.group('embed_query'), video_id)
+                'https://vk.com/video_ext.php?' + mobj.group('embed_query'), video_id)
 
             error_message = self._html_search_regex(
                 [r'(?s)<!><div[^>]+class="video_layer_message"[^>]*>(.+?)</div>',
@@ -432,11 +467,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             if m_opts_url:
                 opts_url = m_opts_url.group(1)
                 if opts_url.startswith('//'):
-                    opts_url = 'http:' + opts_url
+                    opts_url = 'https:' + opts_url
                 return self.url_result(opts_url)
 
         data = player['params'][0]
-        title = unescapeHTML(data['md_title'])
 
         # 2 = live
         # 3 = post live (finished live)
@@ -494,17 +528,29 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
-            'title': title,
-            'thumbnail': data.get('jpg'),
-            'uploader': data.get('md_author'),
-            'uploader_id': str_or_none(data.get('author_id') or mv_data.get('authorId')),
-            'duration': int_or_none(data.get('duration') or mv_data.get('duration')),
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(mv_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {unescapeHTML}),
+                'description': ('desc', {clean_html}, filter),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('commcount', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('md_title', {unescapeHTML}),
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}, filter),
+                'thumbnail': ('jpg', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('md_author', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': (('author_id', 'authorId'), {str_or_none}, any),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'chapters': ('time_codes', lambda _, v: isinstance(v['time'], int), {
+                    'title': ('text', {unescapeHTML}),
+                    'start_time': 'time',
+                }),
+            }),
             'timestamp': timestamp,
             'view_count': view_count,
-            'like_count': int_or_none(mv_data.get('likes')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(mv_data.get('commcount')),
             'is_live': is_live,
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
             '_format_sort_fields': ('res', 'source'),
         }
 
@@ -512,8 +558,11 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 class VKUserVideosIE(VKBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'vk:uservideos'
     IE_DESC = "VK - User's Videos"
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk\.com/video/(?:playlist/)?(?P<id>[^?$#/&]+)(?!\?.*\bz=video)(?:[/?#&](?:.*?\bsection=(?P<section>\w+))?|$)'
-    _TEMPLATE_URL = 'https://vk.com/videos'
+    _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://(?:(?:m|new)\.)?vk(?:video\.ru|\.com/video)'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/playlist/(?P<id>-?\d+_\d+)',
+        rf'{_BASE_URL_RE}/(?P<id>@[^/?#]+)(?:/all)?/?(?!\?.*\bz=video)(?:[?#]|$)',
+    ]
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://vk.com/video/@mobidevices',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -527,12 +576,20 @@ class VKUserVideosIE(VKBaseIE):
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 182,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://vk.com/video/playlist/-174476437_2',
+        'url': 'https://vkvideo.ru/playlist/-204353299_426',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '-174476437_playlist_2',
-            'title': 'Анонсы',
+            'id': '-204353299_playlist_426',
         },
-        'playlist_mincount': 108,
+        'playlist_mincount': 33,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vk.com/video/@gorkyfilmstudio/all',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vkvideo.ru/@mobidevices',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vk.com/video/playlist/-174476437_2',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
     _VIDEO = collections.namedtuple('Video', ['owner_id', 'id'])
 
@@ -552,7 +609,7 @@ def _entries(self, page_id, section):
                 v = self._VIDEO._make(video[:2])
                 video_id = '%d_%d' % (v.owner_id, v.id)
                 yield self.url_result(
-                    'http://vk.com/video' + video_id, VKIE.ie_key(), video_id)
+                    'https://vk.com/video' + video_id, VKIE.ie_key(), video_id)
             if count >= total:
                 break
             video_list_json = self._download_payload('al_video', page_id, {
@@ -561,23 +618,25 @@ def _entries(self, page_id, section):
                 'oid': page_id,
                 'section': section,
             })[0][section]
-            count += video_list_json['count']
+            new_count = video_list_json['count']
+            if not new_count:
+                self.to_screen(f'{page_id}: Skipping {total - count} unavailable videos')
+                break
+            count += new_count
             video_list = video_list_json['list']
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        u_id, section = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        u_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, u_id)
 
         if u_id.startswith('@'):
-            page_id = self._search_regex(r'data-owner-id\s?=\s?"([^"]+)"', webpage, 'page_id')
-        elif '_' in u_id:
-            page_id, section = u_id.split('_', 1)
-            section = f'playlist_{section}'
+            page_id = traverse_obj(
+                self._search_json(r'\bvar newCur\s*=', webpage, 'cursor data', u_id),
+                ('oid', {int}, {str_or_none}, {require('page id')}))
+            section = traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), ('section', 0)) or 'all'
         else:
-            raise ExtractorError('Invalid URL', expected=True)
-
-        if not section:
-            section = 'all'
+            page_id, _, section = u_id.partition('_')
+            section = f'playlist_{section}'
 
         playlist_title = clean_html(get_element_by_class('VideoInfoPanel__title', webpage))
         return self.playlist_result(self._entries(page_id, section), f'{page_id}_{section}', playlist_title)
@@ -717,7 +776,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class VKPlayBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://(?:vkplay\.live|live\.vkplay\.ru)/'
+    _BASE_URL_RE = r'https?://(?:vkplay\.live|live\.vk(?:play|video)\.ru)/'
     _RESOLUTIONS = {
         'tiny': '256x144',
         'lowest': '426x240',
@@ -797,6 +856,9 @@ class VKPlayIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://live.vkplay.ru/lebwa/record/33a4e4ce-e3ef-49db-bb14-f006cc6fabc9/records',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://live.vkvideo.ru/lebwa/record/33a4e4ce-e3ef-49db-bb14-f006cc6fabc9/records',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -839,6 +901,9 @@ class VKPlayLiveIE(VKPlayBaseIE):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://live.vkplay.ru/lebwa',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://live.vkvideo.ru/panterka',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrsquare.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrsquare.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..9e8740b42
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrsquare.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+import itertools
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_qs,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import (
+    find_element,
+    find_elements,
+    traverse_obj,
+)
+
+
+class VrSquareIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'vrsquare'
+    IE_DESC = 'VR SQUARE'
+
+    _BASE_URL = 'https://livr.jp'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://livr\.jp/contents/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://livr.jp/contents/P470896661',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'P470896661',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'そこ曲がったら、櫻坂？ ７年間お疲れ様！菅井友香の卒業を祝う会！前半 2022年11月6日放送分',
+            'description': 'md5:523726dc835aa8014dfe1e2b38d36cd1',
+            'duration': 1515.0,
+            'tags': 'count:2',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://media\.livr\.jp/vod/img/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://livr.jp/contents/P589523973',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'P589523973',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '薄闇に仰ぐ しだれ桜の妖艶',
+            'description': 'md5:a042f517b2cbb4ed6746707afec4d306',
+            'duration': 1084.0,
+            'tags': list,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://media\.livr\.jp/vod/img/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Paid video',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://livr.jp/contents/P316939908',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'P316939908',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '2024年5月16日（木） 「今日は誰に恋をする？」公演 小栗有以 生誕祭',
+            'description': 'md5:2110bdcf947f28bd7d06ec420e51b619',
+            'duration': 8559.0,
+            'tags': list,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://media\.livr\.jp/vod/img/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Premium channel subscribers only',
+    }, {
+        # Accessible only in the VR SQUARE app
+        'url': 'https://livr.jp/contents/P126481458',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        status = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._BASE_URL}/webApi/contentsStatus/{video_id}',
+            video_id, 'Checking contents status', fatal=False)
+        if traverse_obj(status, 'result_code') == '40407':
+            self.raise_login_required('Unable to access this video')
+
+        try:
+            web_api = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._BASE_URL}/webApi/play/url/{video_id}', video_id)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 500:
+                raise ExtractorError('VR SQUARE app-only videos are not supported', expected=True)
+            raise
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': self._html_search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage),
+            'description': self._html_search_meta('description', webpage),
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(traverse_obj(web_api, (
+                'urls', ..., 'url', any)), video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False),
+            'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta('og:image', webpage),
+            **traverse_obj(webpage, {
+                'duration': ({find_element(cls='layout-product-data-time')}, {parse_duration}),
+                'tags': ({find_elements(cls='search-tag')}, ..., {clean_html}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class VrSquarePlaylistBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _BASE_URL = 'https://livr.jp'
+
+    def _fetch_vids(self, source, keys=()):
+        for url_path in traverse_obj(source, (
+            *keys, {find_elements(cls='video', html=True)}, ...,
+            {extract_attributes}, 'data-url', {str}, filter),
+        ):
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'{self._BASE_URL}/contents/{url_path.removeprefix("/contents/")}', VrSquareIE)
+
+    def _entries(self, path, display_id, query=None):
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            ajax = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._BASE_URL}{path}', display_id,
+                f'Downloading playlist JSON page {page}',
+                query={'p': page, **(query or {})})
+            yield from self._fetch_vids(ajax, ('contents_render_list', ...))
+            if not traverse_obj(ajax, (('has_next', 'hasNext'), {bool}, any)):
+                break
+
+
+class VrSquareChannelIE(VrSquarePlaylistBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'vrsquare:channel'
+
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://livr\.jp/channel/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://livr.jp/channel/H372648599',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'H372648599',
+            'title': 'AKB48＋チャンネル',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 502,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(f'/ajax/channel/{playlist_id}', playlist_id),
+            playlist_id, self._html_search_meta('og:title', webpage))
+
+
+class VrSquareSearchIE(VrSquarePlaylistBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'vrsquare:search'
+
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://livr\.jp/web-search/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?w=[^#]+'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://livr.jp/web-search?w=%23%E5%B0%8F%E6%A0%97%E6%9C%89%E4%BB%A5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '#小栗有以',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 60,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        search_query = parse_qs(url)['w'][0]
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries('/ajax/web-search', search_query, {'w': search_query}), search_query)
+
+
+class VrSquareSectionIE(VrSquarePlaylistBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'vrsquare:section'
+
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://livr\.jp/(?:category|headline)/(?P<id>\w+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://livr.jp/category/C133936275',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'C133936275',
+            'title': 'そこ曲がったら、櫻坂？VR',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 308,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://livr.jp/headline/A296449604',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'A296449604',
+            'title': 'AKB48 アフターVR',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 22,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._fetch_vids(webpage), playlist_id, self._html_search_meta('og:title', webpage))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
index 33ff57475..6e5514eef 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
@@ -1,33 +1,34 @@
-import functools
 import json
 import time
 import urllib.parse
 
-from .gigya import GigyaBaseIE
+from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     clean_html,
     extract_attributes,
+    filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     get_element_by_class,
     get_element_html_by_class,
     int_or_none,
-    join_nonempty,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
     jwt_encode_hs256,
     make_archive_id,
     merge_dicts,
     parse_age_limit,
+    parse_duration,
     parse_iso8601,
     str_or_none,
     strip_or_none,
     traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
     url_or_none,
-    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 
 
-class VRTBaseIE(GigyaBaseIE):
+class VRTBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _GEO_BYPASS = False
     _PLAYER_INFO = {
         'platform': 'desktop',
@@ -38,11 +39,11 @@ class VRTBaseIE(GigyaBaseIE):
         'device': 'undefined (undefined)',
         'os': {
             'name': 'Windows',
-            'version': 'x86_64',
+            'version': '10',
         },
         'player': {
             'name': 'VRT web player',
-            'version': '2.7.4-prod-2023-04-19T06:05:45',
+            'version': '5.1.1-prod-2025-02-14T08:44:16"',
         },
     }
     # From https://player.vrt.be/vrtnws/js/main.js & https://player.vrt.be/ketnet/js/main.8cdb11341bcb79e4cd44.js
@@ -91,20 +92,21 @@ def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, data, video_id):
     def _call_api(self, video_id, client='null', id_token=None, version='v2'):
         player_info = {'exp': (round(time.time(), 3) + 900), **self._PLAYER_INFO}
         player_token = self._download_json(
-            'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/vualto-video-aggregator-web/rest/external/v2/tokens',
-            video_id, 'Downloading player token', headers={
+            f'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/vualto-video-aggregator-web/rest/external/{version}/tokens',
+            video_id, 'Downloading player token', 'Failed to download player token', headers={
                 **self.geo_verification_headers(),
                 'Content-Type': 'application/json',
             }, data=json.dumps({
-                'identityToken': id_token or {},
+                'identityToken': id_token or '',
                 'playerInfo': jwt_encode_hs256(player_info, self._JWT_SIGNING_KEY, headers={
                     'kid': self._JWT_KEY_ID,
                 }).decode(),
             }, separators=(',', ':')).encode())['vrtPlayerToken']
 
         return self._download_json(
-            f'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/media-aggregator/{version}/media-items/{video_id}',
-            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', query={
+            # The URL below redirects to https://media-services-public.vrt.be/media-aggregator/{version}/media-items/{video_id}
+            f'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/vualto-video-aggregator-web/rest/external/{version}/videos/{video_id}',
+            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', 'Failed to download API JSON', query={
                 'vrtPlayerToken': player_token,
                 'client': client,
             }, expected_status=400)
@@ -171,222 +173,293 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             **traverse_obj(data, {
                 'title': ('title', {str}),
                 'description': ('shortDescription', {str}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('posterImageUrl', {url_or_none}),
             }),
         }
 
 
 class VrtNUIE(VRTBaseIE):
-    IE_DESC = 'VRT MAX'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?vrt\.be/vrtnu/a-z/(?:[^/]+/){2}(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'vrtmax'
+    IE_DESC = 'VRT MAX (formerly VRT NU)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?vrt\.be/(?:vrtnu|vrtmax)/a-z/(?:[^/]+/){2}(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
-        # CONTENT_IS_AGE_RESTRICTED
-        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/de-ideale-wereld/2023-vj/de-ideale-wereld-d20230116/',
+        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/a-z/ket---doc/trailer/ket---doc-trailer-s6/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pbs-pub-855b00a8-6ce2-4032-ac4f-1fcf3ae78524$vid-d2243aa1-ec46-4e34-a55b-92568459906f',
+            'id': 'pbs-pub-c8a78645-5d3e-468a-89ec-6f3ed5534bd5$vid-242ddfe9-18f5-4e16-ab45-09b122a19251',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Tom Waes',
-            'description': 'Satirisch actualiteitenmagazine met Ella Leyers. Tom Waes is te gast.',
-            'timestamp': 1673905125,
-            'release_timestamp': 1673905125,
-            'series': 'De ideale wereld',
-            'season_id': '1672830988794',
-            'episode': 'Aflevering 1',
-            'episode_number': 1,
-            'episode_id': '1672830988861',
-            'display_id': 'de-ideale-wereld-d20230116',
-            'channel': 'VRT',
-            'duration': 1939.0,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2023/01/10/1bb39cb3-9115-11ed-b07d-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
-            'release_date': '20230116',
-            'upload_date': '20230116',
-            'age_limit': 12,
+            'channel': 'ketnet',
+            'description': 'Neem een kijkje in de bijzondere wereld van deze Ketnetters.',
+            'display_id': 'ket---doc-trailer-s6',
+            'duration': 30.0,
+            'episode': 'Reeks 6 volledig vanaf 3 maart',
+            'episode_id': '1739450401467',
+            'season': 'Trailer',
+            'season_id': '1739450401467',
+            'series': 'Ket & Doc',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2025/02/21/63f07122-5bbd-4ca1-b42e-8565c6cd95df.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1740373200,
+            'title': 'Reeks 6 volledig vanaf 3 maart',
+            'upload_date': '20250224',
+            '_old_archive_ids': [
+                'canvas pbs-pub-c8a78645-5d3e-468a-89ec-6f3ed5534bd5$vid-242ddfe9-18f5-4e16-ab45-09b122a19251',
+                'ketnet pbs-pub-c8a78645-5d3e-468a-89ec-6f3ed5534bd5$vid-242ddfe9-18f5-4e16-ab45-09b122a19251',
+            ],
         },
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/buurman--wat-doet-u-nu-/6/buurman--wat-doet-u-nu--s6-trailer/',
+        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/a-z/meisjes/6/meisjes-s6a5/',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pbs-pub-ad4050eb-d9e5-48c2-9ec8-b6c355032361$vid-0465537a-34a8-4617-8352-4d8d983b4eee',
+            'id': 'pbs-pub-97b541ab-e05c-43b9-9a40-445702ef7189$vid-5e306921-a9aa-4fa9-9f39-5b82c8f1028e',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Trailer seizoen 6 \'Buurman, wat doet u nu?\'',
-            'description': 'md5:197424726c61384b4e5c519f16c0cf02',
-            'timestamp': 1652940000,
-            'release_timestamp': 1652940000,
-            'series': 'Buurman, wat doet u nu?',
-            'season': 'Seizoen 6',
+            'channel': 'ketnet',
+            'description': 'md5:713793f15cbf677f66200b36b7b1ec5a',
+            'display_id': 'meisjes-s6a5',
+            'duration': 1336.02,
+            'episode': 'Week 5',
+            'episode_id': '1684157692901',
+            'episode_number': 5,
+            'season': '6',
+            'season_id': '1684157692901',
             'season_number': 6,
-            'season_id': '1652344200907',
-            'episode': 'Aflevering 0',
-            'episode_number': 0,
-            'episode_id': '1652951873524',
-            'display_id': 'buurman--wat-doet-u-nu--s6-trailer',
-            'channel': 'VRT',
-            'duration': 33.13,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2022/05/23/3c234d21-da83-11ec-b07d-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
-            'release_date': '20220519',
-            'upload_date': '20220519',
+            'series': 'Meisjes',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2023/05/14/bf526ae0-f1d9-11ed-91d7-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1685251800,
+            'title': 'Week 5',
+            'upload_date': '20230528',
+            '_old_archive_ids': [
+                'canvas pbs-pub-97b541ab-e05c-43b9-9a40-445702ef7189$vid-5e306921-a9aa-4fa9-9f39-5b82c8f1028e',
+                'ketnet pbs-pub-97b541ab-e05c-43b9-9a40-445702ef7189$vid-5e306921-a9aa-4fa9-9f39-5b82c8f1028e',
+            ],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/taboe/3/taboe-s3a4/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'pbs-pub-f50faa3a-1778-46b6-9117-4ba85f197703$vid-547507fe-1c8b-4394-b361-21e627cbd0fd',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'channel': 'een',
+            'description': 'md5:bf61345a95eca9393a95de4a7a54b5c6',
+            'display_id': 'taboe-s3a4',
+            'duration': 2882.02,
+            'episode': 'Mensen met het syndroom van Gilles de la Tourette',
+            'episode_id': '1739055911734',
+            'episode_number': 4,
+            'season': '3',
+            'season_id': '1739055911734',
+            'season_number': 3,
+            'series': 'Taboe',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2025/02/19/8198496c-d1ae-4bca-9a48-761cf3ea3ff2.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1740286800,
+            'title': 'Mensen met het syndroom van Gilles de la Tourette',
+            'upload_date': '20250223',
+            '_old_archive_ids': [
+                'canvas pbs-pub-f50faa3a-1778-46b6-9117-4ba85f197703$vid-547507fe-1c8b-4394-b361-21e627cbd0fd',
+                'ketnet pbs-pub-f50faa3a-1778-46b6-9117-4ba85f197703$vid-547507fe-1c8b-4394-b361-21e627cbd0fd',
+            ],
         },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }]
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'vrtnu'
-    _authenticated = False
+
+    _TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN = '.www.vrt.be'
+    _ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME = 'vrtnu-site_profile_at'
+    _REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME = 'vrtnu-site_profile_rt'
+    _VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME = 'vrtnu-site_profile_vt'
+    _VIDEO_PAGE_QUERY = '''
+    query VideoPage($pageId: ID!) {
+        page(id: $pageId) {
+            ... on EpisodePage {
+                episode {
+                    ageRaw
+                    description
+                    durationRaw
+                    episodeNumberRaw
+                    id
+                    name
+                    onTimeRaw
+                    program {
+                        title
+                    }
+                    season {
+                        id
+                        titleRaw
+                    }
+                    title
+                    brand
+                }
+                ldjson
+                player {
+                    image {
+                        templateUrl
+                    }
+                    modes {
+                        streamId
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    '''
+
+    def _fetch_tokens(self):
+        has_credentials = self._get_login_info()[0]
+        access_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        video_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+
+        if (access_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(access_token)
+                and video_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(video_token)):
+            return access_token, video_token
+
+        if has_credentials:
+            access_token, video_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', default=(None, None))
+
+            if (access_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(access_token)
+                    and video_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(video_token)):
+                self.write_debug('Restored tokens from cache')
+                self._set_cookie(self._TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN, self._ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME, access_token)
+                self._set_cookie(self._TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN, self._VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME, video_token)
+                return access_token, video_token
+
+        if not self._get_vrt_cookie(self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME):
+            return None, None
+
+        self._request_webpage(
+            'https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/sso/refresh', None,
+            note='Refreshing tokens', errnote='Failed to refresh tokens', fatal=False)
+
+        access_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        video_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+
+        if not access_token or not video_token:
+            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'refresh_token', None)
+            self.cookiejar.clear(self._TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN, '/vrtmax/sso', self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+            msg = 'Refreshing of tokens failed'
+            if not has_credentials:
+                self.report_warning(msg)
+                return None, None
+            self.report_warning(f'{msg}. Re-logging in')
+            return self._perform_login(*self._get_login_info())
+
+        if has_credentials:
+            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', (access_token, video_token))
+
+        return access_token, video_token
+
+    def _get_vrt_cookie(self, cookie_name):
+        # Refresh token cookie is scoped to /vrtmax/sso, others are scoped to /
+        return try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/sso')[cookie_name].value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_jwt_token_expired(token):
+        return jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp'] - time.time() < 300
 
     def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        auth_info = self._gigya_login({
-            'APIKey': '3_0Z2HujMtiWq_pkAjgnS2Md2E11a1AwZjYiBETtwNE-EoEHDINgtnvcAOpNgmrVGy',
-            'targetEnv': 'jssdk',
-            'loginID': username,
-            'password': password,
-            'authMode': 'cookie',
-        })
+        refresh_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        if refresh_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(refresh_token):
+            self.write_debug('Using refresh token from logged-in cookies; skipping login with credentials')
+            return
 
-        if auth_info.get('errorDetails'):
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Unable to login. VrtNU said: {auth_info["errorDetails"]}', expected=True)
+        refresh_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'refresh_token', default=None)
+        if refresh_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(refresh_token):
+            self.write_debug('Restored refresh token from cache')
+            self._set_cookie(self._TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN, self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME, refresh_token, path='/vrtmax/sso')
+            return
 
-        # Sometimes authentication fails for no good reason, retry
-        for retry in self.RetryManager():
-            if retry.attempt > 1:
-                self._sleep(1, None)
-            try:
-                self._request_webpage(
-                    'https://token.vrt.be/vrtnuinitlogin', None, note='Requesting XSRF Token',
-                    errnote='Could not get XSRF Token', query={
-                        'provider': 'site',
-                        'destination': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/',
-                    })
-                self._request_webpage(
-                    'https://login.vrt.be/perform_login', None,
-                    note='Performing login', errnote='Login failed',
-                    query={'client_id': 'vrtnu-site'}, data=urlencode_postdata({
-                        'UID': auth_info['UID'],
-                        'UIDSignature': auth_info['UIDSignature'],
-                        'signatureTimestamp': auth_info['signatureTimestamp'],
-                        '_csrf': self._get_cookies('https://login.vrt.be').get('OIDCXSRF').value,
-                    }))
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
-                    retry.error = e
-                    continue
-                raise
+        self._request_webpage(
+            'https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/sso/login', None,
+            note='Getting session cookies', errnote='Failed to get session cookies')
 
-        self._authenticated = True
+        login_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://login.vrt.be/perform_login', None, data=json.dumps({
+                'clientId': 'vrtnu-site',
+                'loginID': username,
+                'password': password,
+            }).encode(), headers={
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                'Oidcxsrf': self._get_cookies('https://login.vrt.be')['OIDCXSRF'].value,
+            }, note='Logging in', errnote='Login failed', expected_status=403)
+        if login_data.get('errorCode'):
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Login failed: {login_data.get("errorMessage")}', expected=True)
+
+        self._request_webpage(
+            login_data['redirectUrl'], None,
+            note='Getting access token', errnote='Failed to get access token')
+
+        access_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        video_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        refresh_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+
+        if not all((access_token, video_token, refresh_token)):
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract token cookie values')
+
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', (access_token, video_token))
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'refresh_token', refresh_token)
+
+        return access_token, video_token
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
-        details = self._download_json(
-            f'{parsed_url.scheme}://{parsed_url.netloc}{parsed_url.path.rstrip("/")}.model.json',
-            display_id, 'Downloading asset JSON', 'Unable to download asset JSON')['details']
+        access_token, video_token = self._fetch_tokens()
 
-        watch_info = traverse_obj(details, (
-            'actions', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'watch-episode', {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
-        video_id = join_nonempty(
-            'episodePublicationId', 'episodeVideoId', delim='$', from_dict=watch_info)
-        if '$' not in video_id:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract video ID')
+        metadata = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu-api/graphql{"" if access_token else "/public"}/v1',
+            display_id, 'Downloading asset JSON', 'Unable to download asset JSON',
+            data=json.dumps({
+                'operationName': 'VideoPage',
+                'query': self._VIDEO_PAGE_QUERY,
+                'variables': {'pageId': urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path},
+            }).encode(),
+            headers=filter_dict({
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {access_token}' if access_token else None,
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                'x-vrt-client-name': 'WEB',
+                'x-vrt-client-version': '1.5.9',
+                'x-vrt-zone': 'default',
+            }))['data']['page']
 
-        vrtnutoken = self._download_json(
-            'https://token.vrt.be/refreshtoken', video_id, note='Retrieving vrtnutoken',
-            errnote='Token refresh failed')['vrtnutoken'] if self._authenticated else None
+        video_id = metadata['player']['modes'][0]['streamId']
 
-        video_info = self._call_api(video_id, 'vrtnu-web@PROD', vrtnutoken)
+        try:
+            streaming_info = self._call_api(video_id, 'vrtnu-web@PROD', id_token=video_token)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if not video_token and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404:
+                self.raise_login_required()
+            raise
 
-        if 'title' not in video_info:
-            code = video_info.get('code')
-            if code in ('AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED', 'CONTENT_IS_AGE_RESTRICTED'):
-                self.raise_login_required(code, method='password')
-            elif code in ('INVALID_LOCATION', 'CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_IN_BE'):
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(streaming_info, video_id)
+
+        code = traverse_obj(streaming_info, ('code', {str}))
+        if not formats and code:
+            if code in ('CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_FOR_BE_RESIDENTS', 'CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_IN_BE', 'CONTENT_UNAVAILABLE_VIA_PROXY'):
                 self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['BE'])
-            elif code == 'CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_FOR_BE_RESIDENTS_AND_EXPATS':
-                if not self._authenticated:
-                    self.raise_login_required(code, method='password')
-                self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['BE'])
-            raise ExtractorError(code, expected=True)
-
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(video_info, video_id)
+            elif code in ('CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_FOR_BE_RESIDENTS_AND_EXPATS', 'CONTENT_IS_AGE_RESTRICTED', 'CONTENT_REQUIRES_AUTHENTICATION'):
+                self.raise_login_required()
+            else:
+                self.raise_no_formats(f'Unable to extract formats: {code}')
 
         return {
-            **traverse_obj(details, {
-                'title': 'title',
-                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
-                'timestamp': ('data', 'episode', 'onTime', 'raw', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'release_timestamp': ('data', 'episode', 'onTime', 'raw', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'series': ('data', 'program', 'title'),
-                'season': ('data', 'season', 'title', 'value'),
-                'season_number': ('data', 'season', 'title', 'raw', {int_or_none}),
-                'season_id': ('data', 'season', 'id', {str_or_none}),
-                'episode': ('data', 'episode', 'number', 'value', {str_or_none}),
-                'episode_number': ('data', 'episode', 'number', 'raw', {int_or_none}),
-                'episode_id': ('data', 'episode', 'id', {str_or_none}),
-                'age_limit': ('data', 'episode', 'age', 'raw', {parse_age_limit}),
-            }),
+            'duration': float_or_none(streaming_info.get('duration'), 1000),
+            'thumbnail': url_or_none(streaming_info.get('posterImageUrl')),
+            **self._json_ld(traverse_obj(metadata, ('ldjson', ..., {json.loads})), video_id, fatal=False),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, ('episode', {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('onTimeRaw', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'series': ('program', 'title', {str}),
+                'season': ('season', 'titleRaw', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('season', 'titleRaw', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'episode': ('title', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumberRaw', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('ageRaw', {parse_age_limit}),
+                'channel': ('brand', {str}),
+                'duration': ('durationRaw', {parse_duration}),
+            })),
             'id': video_id,
             'display_id': display_id,
-            'channel': 'VRT',
-            'formats': formats,
-            'duration': float_or_none(video_info.get('duration'), 1000),
-            'thumbnail': url_or_none(video_info.get('posterImageUrl')),
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id)],
-        }
-
-
-class KetnetIE(VRTBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ketnet\.be/(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.ketnet.be/kijken/m/meisjes/6/meisjes-s6a5',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pbs-pub-39f8351c-a0a0-43e6-8394-205d597d6162$vid-5e306921-a9aa-4fa9-9f39-5b82c8f1028e',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Meisjes',
-            'episode': 'Reeks 6: Week 5',
-            'season': 'Reeks 6',
-            'series': 'Meisjes',
-            'timestamp': 1685251800,
-            'upload_date': '20230528',
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        video = self._download_json(
-            'https://senior-bff.ketnet.be/graphql', display_id, query={
-                'query': '''{
-  video(id: "content/ketnet/nl/%s.model.json") {
-    description
-    episodeNr
-    imageUrl
-    mediaReference
-    programTitle
-    publicationDate
-    seasonTitle
-    subtitleVideodetail
-    titleVideodetail
-  }
-}''' % display_id,  # noqa: UP031
-            })['data']['video']
-
-        video_id = urllib.parse.unquote(video['mediaReference'])
-        data = self._call_api(video_id, 'ketnet@PROD', version='v1')
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(data, video_id)
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
-            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id)],
-            **traverse_obj(video, {
-                'title': ('titleVideodetail', {str}),
-                'description': ('description', {str}),
-                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('publicationDate', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'series': ('programTitle', {str}),
-                'season': ('seasonTitle', {str}),
-                'episode': ('subtitleVideodetail', {str}),
-                'episode_number': ('episodeNr', {int_or_none}),
-            }),
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id),
+                                 make_archive_id('Ketnet', video_id)],
         }
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
index b5c0e926f..420ac3829 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
     str_or_none,
     strip_jsonp,
     traverse_obj,
+    truncate_string,
     url_or_none,
     urlencode_postdata,
     urljoin,
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ def _extract_formats(self, video_info):
                 'format': ('quality_desc', {str}),
                 'format_id': ('label', {str}),
                 'ext': ('mime', {mimetype2ext}),
-                'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}, filter),
                 'vcodec': ('video_codecs', {str}),
                 'fps': ('fps', {int_or_none}),
                 'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
@@ -96,7 +97,8 @@ def _extract_formats(self, video_info):
                     })
         return formats
 
-    def _parse_video_info(self, video_info, video_id=None):
+    def _parse_video_info(self, video_info):
+        video_id = traverse_obj(video_info, (('id', 'id_str', 'mid'), {str_or_none}, any))
         return {
             'id': video_id,
             'extractor_key': WeiboIE.ie_key(),
@@ -105,16 +107,17 @@ def _parse_video_info(self, video_info, video_id=None):
             'http_headers': {'Referer': 'https://weibo.com/'},
             '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('WeiboMobile', video_id)],
             **traverse_obj(video_info, {
-                'id': (('id', 'id_str', 'mid'), {str_or_none}),
                 'display_id': ('mblogid', {str_or_none}),
-                'title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'), {str}, {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'),
+                          {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=72)}, filter),
+                'alt_title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'), {str}, filter),
                 'description': ('text_raw', {str}),
                 'duration': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
                 'timestamp': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'video_publish_time', {int_or_none}),
                 'thumbnail': ('page_info', 'page_pic', {url_or_none}),
                 'uploader': ('user', 'screen_name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('user', ('id', 'id_str'), {str_or_none}),
-                'uploader_url': ('user', 'profile_url', {lambda x: urljoin('https://weibo.com/', x)}),
+                'uploader_url': ('user', 'profile_url', {urljoin('https://weibo.com/')}),
                 'view_count': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'online_users_number', {int_or_none}),
                 'like_count': ('attitudes_count', {int_or_none}),
                 'repost_count': ('reposts_count', {int_or_none}),
@@ -124,14 +127,16 @@ def _parse_video_info(self, video_info, video_id=None):
 
 
 class WeiboIE(WeiboBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:m\.weibo\.cn/status|(?:www\.)?weibo\.com/\d+)/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:m\.weibo\.cn/(?:status|detail)|(?:www\.)?weibo\.com/\d+)/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://weibo.com/7827771738/N4xlMvjhI',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4910815147462302',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['weibomobile 4910815147462302'],
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': 'N4xlMvjhI',
             'title': '【睡前消息暑假版第一期：拉泰国一把  对中国有好处】',
+            'alt_title': '【睡前消息暑假版第一期：拉泰国一把  对中国有好处】',
             'description': 'md5:e2637a7673980d68694ea7c43cf12a5f',
             'duration': 918,
             'timestamp': 1686312819,
@@ -149,9 +154,11 @@ class WeiboIE(WeiboBaseIE):
         'url': 'https://m.weibo.cn/status/4189191225395228',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4189191225395228',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['weibomobile 4189191225395228'],
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': 'FBqgOmDxO',
             'title': '柴犬柴犬的秒拍视频',
+            'alt_title': '柴犬柴犬的秒拍视频',
             'description': 'md5:80f461ab5cdae6bbdb70efbf5a1db24f',
             'duration': 53,
             'timestamp': 1514264429,
@@ -164,17 +171,37 @@ class WeiboIE(WeiboBaseIE):
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://m.weibo.cn/detail/4189191225395228',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://weibo.com/0/4224132150961381',
         'note': 'no playback_list example',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://m.weibo.cn/detail/5120561132606436',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5120561132606436',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 9,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
-        return self._parse_video_info(self._weibo_download_json(
-            f'https://weibo.com/ajax/statuses/show?id={video_id}', video_id))
+        meta = self._weibo_download_json(f'https://weibo.com/ajax/statuses/show?id={video_id}', video_id)
+        mix_media_info = traverse_obj(meta, ('mix_media_info', 'items', ...))
+        if not mix_media_info:
+            return self._parse_video_info(meta)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(mix_media_info), video_id)
+
+    def _entries(self, mix_media_info):
+        for media_info in traverse_obj(mix_media_info, lambda _, v: v['type'] != 'pic'):
+            yield self._parse_video_info(traverse_obj(media_info, {
+                'id': ('data', 'object_id'),
+                'page_info': {'media_info': ('data', 'media_info', {dict})},
+            }))
 
 
 class WeiboVideoIE(WeiboBaseIE):
@@ -186,6 +213,7 @@ class WeiboVideoIE(WeiboBaseIE):
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'display_id': 'LEZDodaiW',
             'title': '呃，稍微了解了一下靡烟miya，感觉这东西也太二了',
+            'alt_title': '呃，稍微了解了一下靡烟miya，感觉这东西也太二了',
             'description': '呃，稍微了解了一下靡烟miya，感觉这东西也太二了 http://t.cn/A6aerGsM \u200b\u200b\u200b',
             'duration': 76,
             'timestamp': 1659344278,
@@ -197,6 +225,7 @@ class WeiboVideoIE(WeiboBaseIE):
             'view_count': int,
             'like_count': int,
             'repost_count': int,
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['weibomobile 4797700463137878'],
         },
     }]
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
index c94ca9db9..53ad1100d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weverse.py
@@ -27,8 +27,9 @@
 
 class WeverseBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _NETRC_MACHINE = 'weverse'
-    _ACCOUNT_API_BASE = 'https://accountapi.weverse.io/web/api/v2'
+    _ACCOUNT_API_BASE = 'https://accountapi.weverse.io/web/api'
     _API_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
         'Referer': 'https://weverse.io/',
         'WEV-device-Id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
     }
@@ -39,14 +40,14 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
 
         headers = {
             'x-acc-app-secret': '5419526f1c624b38b10787e5c10b2a7a',
-            'x-acc-app-version': '2.2.6',
+            'x-acc-app-version': '3.3.6',
             'x-acc-language': 'en',
             'x-acc-service-id': 'weverse',
             'x-acc-trace-id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
             'x-clog-user-device-id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
         }
         valid_username = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/signup/email/status', None, note='Checking username',
+            f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/v2/signup/email/status', None, note='Checking username',
             query={'email': username}, headers=headers, expected_status=(400, 404)), 'hasPassword')
         if not valid_username:
             raise ExtractorError('Invalid username provided', expected=True)
@@ -54,8 +55,9 @@ def _perform_login(self, username, password):
         headers['content-type'] = 'application/json'
         try:
             auth = self._download_json(
-                f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/auth/token/by-credentials', None, data=json.dumps({
+                f'{self._ACCOUNT_API_BASE}/v3/auth/token/by-credentials', None, data=json.dumps({
                     'email': username,
+                    'otpSessionId': 'BY_PASS',
                     'password': password,
                 }, separators=(',', ':')).encode(), headers=headers, note='Logging in')
         except ExtractorError as e:
@@ -78,8 +80,10 @@ def _call_api(self, ep, video_id, data=None, note='Downloading API JSON'):
         # From https://ssl.pstatic.net/static/wevweb/2_3_2_11101725/public/static/js/main.e206f7c1.js:
         key = b'1b9cb6378d959b45714bec49971ade22e6e24e42'
         api_path = update_url_query(ep, {
+            # 'gcc': 'US',
             'appId': 'be4d79eb8fc7bd008ee82c8ec4ff6fd4',
             'language': 'en',
+            'os': 'WEB',
             'platform': 'WEB',
             'wpf': 'pc',
         })
@@ -152,11 +156,11 @@ def _parse_post_meta(self, metadata):
             'description': ((('extension', 'mediaInfo', 'body'), 'body'), {str}),
             'uploader': ('author', 'profileName', {str}),
             'uploader_id': ('author', 'memberId', {str}),
-            'creator': ('community', 'communityName', {str}),
+            'creators': ('community', 'communityName', {str}, all),
             'channel_id': (('community', 'author'), 'communityId', {str_or_none}),
             'duration': ('extension', 'video', 'playTime', {float_or_none}),
-            'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
-            'release_timestamp': ('extension', 'video', 'onAirStartAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+            'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('extension', 'video', 'onAirStartAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             'thumbnail': ('extension', (('mediaInfo', 'thumbnail', 'url'), ('video', 'thumb')), {url_or_none}),
             'view_count': ('extension', 'video', 'playCount', {int_or_none}),
             'like_count': ('extension', 'video', 'likeCount', {int_or_none}),
@@ -196,7 +200,7 @@ class WeverseIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel': 'billlie',
             'channel_id': '72',
             'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie',
-            'creator': 'Billlie',
+            'creators': ['Billlie'],
             'timestamp': 1666262062,
             'upload_date': '20221020',
             'release_timestamp': 1666262058,
@@ -222,7 +226,7 @@ class WeverseIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel': 'lesserafim',
             'channel_id': '47',
             'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim',
-            'creator': 'LE SSERAFIM',
+            'creators': ['LE SSERAFIM'],
             'timestamp': 1659353400,
             'upload_date': '20220801',
             'release_timestamp': 1659353400,
@@ -286,7 +290,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
         elif live_status == 'is_live':
             video_info = self._call_api(
-                f'/video/v1.0/lives/{api_video_id}/playInfo?preview.format=json&preview.version=v2',
+                f'/video/v1.2/lives/{api_video_id}/playInfo?preview.format=json&preview.version=v2',
                 video_id, note='Downloading live JSON')
             playback = self._parse_json(video_info['lipPlayback'], video_id)
             m3u8_url = traverse_obj(playback, (
@@ -302,7 +306,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         else:
             infra_video_id = post['extension']['video']['infraVideoId']
             in_key = self._call_api(
-                f'/video/v1.0/vod/{api_video_id}/inKey?preview=false', video_id,
+                f'/video/v1.1/vod/{api_video_id}/inKey?preview=false', video_id,
                 data=b'{}', note='Downloading VOD API key')['inKey']
 
             video_info = self._download_json(
@@ -347,7 +351,6 @@ class WeverseMediaIE(WeverseBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?weverse\.io/(?P<artist>[^/?#]+)/media/(?P<id>[\d-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/media/4-116372884',
-        'md5': '8efc9cfd61b2f25209eb1a5326314d28',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'e-C9wLSQs6o',
             'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -358,8 +361,9 @@ class WeverseMediaIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCyc9sUCxELTDK9vELO5Fzeg',
             'uploader': 'Billlie',
             'uploader_id': '@Billlie',
-            'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/@Billlie',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Billlie',
             'upload_date': '20230403',
+            'timestamp': 1680533992,
             'duration': 211,
             'age_limit': 0,
             'playable_in_embed': True,
@@ -372,6 +376,8 @@ class WeverseMediaIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/e-C9wLSQs6o/maxresdefault.jpg',
             'categories': ['Entertainment'],
             'tags': 'count:7',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/media/3-102914520',
@@ -386,7 +392,7 @@ class WeverseMediaIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel': 'billlie',
             'channel_id': '72',
             'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie',
-            'creator': 'Billlie',
+            'creators': ['Billlie'],
             'timestamp': 1662174000,
             'upload_date': '20220903',
             'release_timestamp': 1662174000,
@@ -432,7 +438,7 @@ class WeverseMomentIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'uploader_id': '66a07e164b56a696ee71c99315ffe27b',
             'channel': 'secretnumber',
             'channel_id': '56',
-            'creator': 'SECRET NUMBER',
+            'creators': ['SECRET NUMBER'],
             'duration': 10,
             'upload_date': '20230405',
             'timestamp': 1680653968,
@@ -441,7 +447,6 @@ class WeverseMomentIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'comment_count': int,
             'availability': 'needs_auth',
         },
-        'skip': 'Moment has expired',
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -464,7 +469,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'creator': (('community', 'author'), 'communityName', {str}),
                 'channel_id': (('community', 'author'), 'communityId', {str_or_none}),
                 'duration': ('extension', 'moment', 'video', 'uploadInfo', 'playTime', {float_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {lambda x: int_or_none(x, 1000)}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishedAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'thumbnail': ('extension', 'moment', 'video', 'uploadInfo', 'imageUrl', {url_or_none}),
                 'like_count': ('emotionCount', {int_or_none}),
                 'comment_count': ('commentCount', {int_or_none}),
@@ -571,7 +576,7 @@ class WeverseLiveIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'channel': 'purplekiss',
             'channel_id': '35',
             'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/purplekiss',
-            'creator': 'PURPLE KISS',
+            'creators': ['PURPLE KISS'],
             'timestamp': 1680780892,
             'upload_date': '20230406',
             'release_timestamp': 1680780883,
@@ -584,6 +589,31 @@ class WeverseLiveIE(WeverseBaseIE):
             'live_status': 'is_live',
         },
         'skip': 'Livestream has ended',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '4-181521628',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:심심해서요',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': '채채🤎',
+            'uploader_id': 'd49b8b06f3cc1d92d655b25ab27ac2e7',
+            'channel': 'lesserafim',
+            'channel_id': '47',
+            'creators': ['LE SSERAFIM'],
+            'channel_url': 'https://weverse.io/lesserafim',
+            'timestamp': 1728570273,
+            'upload_date': '20241010',
+            'release_timestamp': 1728570264,
+            'release_date': '20241010',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://phinf\.wevpstatic\.net/.+\.png',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'availability': 'needs_auth',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'skip': 'Livestream has ended',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://weverse.io/billlie/',
         'only_matching': True,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
index 0db52af43..88b394fa2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wevidi.py
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def _extract_formats(self, wvplayer_props):
         }
 
         src_path = f'{wvplayer_props["srcVID"]}/{wvplayer_props["srcUID"]}/{wvplayer_props["srcNAME"]}'
-        for res in traverse_obj(wvplayer_props, ('resolutions', ..., {int}, {lambda x: x or None})):
+        for res in traverse_obj(wvplayer_props, ('resolutions', ..., {int}, filter)):
             format_id = str(-(res // -2) - 1)
             yield {
                 'acodec': 'mp4a.40.2',
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
index fb2a8648f..df7ecb3cd 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wistia.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 from ..utils import (
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
+    filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     parse_qs,
@@ -25,16 +26,25 @@ class WistiaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _download_embed_config(self, config_type, config_id, referer):
         base_url = self._EMBED_BASE_URL + f'{config_type}/{config_id}'
+        video_password = self.get_param('videopassword')
         embed_config = self._download_json(
             base_url + '.json', config_id, headers={
                 'Referer': referer if referer.startswith('http') else base_url,  # Some videos require this.
-            })
+            }, query=filter_dict({'password': video_password}))
 
         error = traverse_obj(embed_config, 'error')
         if error:
             raise ExtractorError(
                 f'Error while getting the playlist: {error}', expected=True)
 
+        if traverse_obj(embed_config, (
+                'media', ('embed_options', 'embedOptions'), 'plugin',
+                'passwordProtectedVideo', 'on', any)) == 'true':
+            if video_password:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid video password', expected=True)
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'This content is password-protected. Use the --video-password option', expected=True)
+
         return embed_config
 
     def _get_real_ext(self, url):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wsj.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wsj.py
index b6b656f7d..7cf46141c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wsj.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wsj.py
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
 
 
 class WSJArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?i)https?://(?:www\.)?wsj\.com/articles/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TEST = {
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?i)https?://(?:www\.)?wsj\.com/(?:articles|opinion)/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/dont-like-china-no-pandas-for-you-1490366939?',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '4B13FA62-1D8C-45DB-8EA1-4105CB20B362',
@@ -110,11 +110,20 @@ class WSJArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': 'ralcaraz',
             'title': 'Bao Bao the Panda Leaves for China',
         },
-    }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.wsj.com/opinion/hamas-hostages-caskets-bibas-family-israel-gaza-29da083b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'CE68D629-8DB8-4CD3-B30A-92112C102054',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20241007',
+            'uploader_id': 'Tinnes, David',
+            'title': 'WSJ Opinion: "Get the Jew": The Crown Heights Riot Revisited',
+        },
+    }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         article_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, article_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, article_id, impersonate=True)
         video_id = self._search_regex(
             r'(?:id=["\']video|video-|iframe\.html\?guid=|data-src=["\'])([a-fA-F0-9-]{36})',
             webpage, 'video id')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/wykop.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/wykop.py
index 2ae0a2a5e..08cad1fff 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wykop.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wykop.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 )
 
 
-class WykopBaseExtractor(InfoExtractor):
+class WykopBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _get_token(self, force_refresh=False):
         if not force_refresh:
             maybe_cached = self.cache.load('wykop', 'bearer')
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ def _common_data_extract(self, data):
         }
 
 
-class WykopDigIE(WykopBaseExtractor):
+class WykopDigIE(WykopBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'wykop:dig'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wykop\.pl/link/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class WykopDigCommentIE(WykopBaseExtractor):
+class WykopDigCommentIE(WykopBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'wykop:dig:comment'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wykop\.pl/link/(?P<dig_id>\d+)/[^/]+/komentarz/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class WykopPostIE(WykopBaseExtractor):
+class WykopPostIE(WykopBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'wykop:post'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wykop\.pl/wpis/(?P<id>\d+)'
 
@@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class WykopPostCommentIE(WykopBaseExtractor):
+class WykopPostCommentIE(WykopBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'wykop:post:comment'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?wykop\.pl/wpis/(?P<post_id>\d+)/[^/#]+#(?P<id>\d+)'
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/xhamster.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/xhamster.py
index c965c3042..3cbe27f61 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/xhamster.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/xhamster.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 
 
 class XHamsterIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _DOMAINS = r'(?:xhamster\.(?:com|one|desi)|xhms\.pro|xhamster\d+\.com|xhday\.com|xhvid\.com)'
+    _DOMAINS = r'(?:xhamster\.(?:com|one|desi)|xhms\.pro|xhamster\d+\.(?:com|desi)|xhday\.com|xhvid\.com)'
     _VALID_URL = rf'''(?x)
                     https?://
                         (?:[^/?#]+\.)?{_DOMAINS}/
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ class XHamsterIE(InfoExtractor):
                     '''
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://xhamster.com/videos/femaleagent-shy-beauty-takes-the-bait-1509445',
-        'md5': '34e1ab926db5dc2750fed9e1f34304bb',
+        'md5': 'e009ea6b849b129e3bebaeb9cf0dee51',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '1509445',
             'display_id': 'femaleagent-shy-beauty-takes-the-bait',
@@ -43,6 +43,11 @@ class XHamsterIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': 'ruseful2011',
             'duration': 893,
             'age_limit': 18,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://thumb-nss.xhcdn.com/a/u3Vr5F2vvcU3yK59_jJqVA/001/509/445/1280x720.8.jpg',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://xhamster.com/users/ruseful2011',
+            'description': '',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://xhamster.com/videos/britney-spears-sexy-booty-2221348?hd=',
@@ -56,6 +61,10 @@ class XHamsterIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'jojo747400',
             'duration': 200,
             'age_limit': 18,
+            'description': '',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://thumb-nss.xhcdn.com/a/kk5nio_iR-h4Z3frfVtoDw/002/221/348/1280x720.4.jpg',
+            'comment_count': int,
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -73,6 +82,11 @@ class XHamsterIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader_id': 'parejafree',
             'duration': 72,
             'age_limit': 18,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://xhamster.com/users/parejafree',
+            'description': '',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://thumb-nss.xhcdn.com/a/xc8MSwVKcsQeRRiTT-saMQ/005/667/973/1280x720.2.jpg',
         },
         'params': {
             'skip_download': True,
@@ -122,6 +136,9 @@ class XHamsterIE(InfoExtractor):
     }, {
         'url': 'https://xhvid.com/videos/lk-mm-xhc6wn6',
         'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://xhamster20.desi/videos/my-verification-video-scottishmistress23-11937369',
+        'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -267,7 +284,7 @@ def get_height(s):
                     video, lambda x: x['rating']['likes'], int)),
                 'dislike_count': int_or_none(try_get(
                     video, lambda x: x['rating']['dislikes'], int)),
-                'comment_count': int_or_none(video.get('views')),
+                'comment_count': int_or_none(video.get('comments')),
                 'age_limit': age_limit if age_limit is not None else 18,
                 'categories': categories,
                 'formats': formats,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py
index 00c6ed7c5..4a6129ba6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/xiaohongshu.py
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import functools
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -6,12 +5,13 @@
     int_or_none,
     js_to_json,
     url_or_none,
+    urlhandle_detect_ext,
 )
 from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class XiaoHongShuIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.xiaohongshu\.com/explore/(?P<id>[\da-f]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.xiaohongshu\.com/(?:explore|discovery/item)/(?P<id>[\da-f]+)'
     IE_DESC = '小红书'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.xiaohongshu.com/explore/6411cf99000000001300b6d9',
@@ -26,6 +26,18 @@ class XiaoHongShuIE(InfoExtractor):
             'duration': 101.726,
             'thumbnail': r're:https?://sns-webpic-qc\.xhscdn\.com/\d+/[a-z0-9]+/[\w]+',
         },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.xiaohongshu.com/discovery/item/674051740000000007027a15?xsec_token=CBgeL8Dxd1ZWBhwqRd568gAZ_iwG-9JIf9tnApNmteU2E=',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '674051740000000007027a15',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '相互喜欢就可以了',
+            'uploader_id': '63439913000000001901f49a',
+            'duration': 28.073,
+            'description': '#广州[话题]# #深圳[话题]# #香港[话题]# #街头采访[话题]# #是你喜欢的类型[话题]#',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://sns-webpic-qc\.xhscdn\.com/\d+/[\da-f]+/[^/]+',
+            'tags': ['广州', '深圳', '香港', '街头采访', '是你喜欢的类型'],
+        },
     }]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -35,7 +47,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', display_id, transform_source=js_to_json)
 
         note_info = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('note', 'noteDetailMap', display_id, 'note'))
-        video_info = traverse_obj(note_info, ('video', 'media', 'stream', ('h264', 'av1', 'h265'), ...))
+        video_info = traverse_obj(note_info, ('video', 'media', 'stream', ..., ...))
 
         formats = []
         for info in video_info:
@@ -45,18 +57,32 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
                 'vcodec': ('videoCodec', {str}),
                 'acodec': ('audioCodec', {str}),
-                'abr': ('audioBitrate', {int_or_none}),
-                'vbr': ('videoBitrate', {int_or_none}),
+                'abr': ('audioBitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'vbr': ('videoBitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'audio_channels': ('audioChannels', {int_or_none}),
-                'tbr': ('avgBitrate', {int_or_none}),
+                'tbr': ('avgBitrate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                 'format': ('qualityType', {str}),
                 'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
-                'duration': ('duration', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
             })
 
-            formats.extend(traverse_obj(info, (('mediaUrl', ('backupUrls', ...)), {
+            formats.extend(traverse_obj(info, (('masterUrl', ('backupUrls', ...)), {
                 lambda u: url_or_none(u) and {'url': u, **format_info}})))
 
+        if origin_key := traverse_obj(note_info, ('video', 'consumer', 'originVideoKey', {str})):
+            # Not using a head request because of false negatives
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                f'https://sns-video-bd.xhscdn.com/{origin_key}', display_id,
+                'Checking original video availability', 'Original video is not available', fatal=False)
+            if urlh:
+                formats.append({
+                    'format_id': 'direct',
+                    'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh, default='mp4'),
+                    'filesize': int_or_none(urlh.get_header('Content-Length')),
+                    'url': urlh.url,
+                    'quality': 1,
+                })
+
         thumbnails = []
         for image_info in traverse_obj(note_info, ('imageList', ...)):
             thumbnail_info = traverse_obj(image_info, {
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py
index e900a4ad9..02bf6a7be 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ximalaya.py
@@ -1,7 +1,17 @@
+import base64
 import math
+import time
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import InAdvancePagedList, str_or_none, traverse_obj, try_call
+from .videa import VideaIE
+from ..utils import (
+    InAdvancePagedList,
+    int_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    update_url_query,
+)
 
 
 class XimalayaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -11,7 +21,7 @@ class XimalayaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
 class XimalayaIE(XimalayaBaseIE):
     IE_NAME = 'ximalaya'
     IE_DESC = '喜马拉雅FM'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?ximalaya\.com/(:?(?P<uid>\d+)/)?sound/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.|m\.)?ximalaya\.com/(?:(?P<uid>\d+)/)?sound/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'http://www.ximalaya.com/sound/47740352/',
@@ -71,23 +81,92 @@ class XimalayaIE(XimalayaBaseIE):
                 'like_count': int,
             },
         },
+        {
+            # VIP-restricted audio
+            'url': 'https://www.ximalaya.com/sound/562111701',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
     ]
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _decrypt_filename(file_id, seed):
+        cgstr = ''
+        key = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ/\\:._-1234567890'
+        for _ in key:
+            seed = float(int(211 * seed + 30031) % 65536)
+            r = int(seed / 65536 * len(key))
+            cgstr += key[r]
+            key = key.replace(key[r], '')
+        parts = file_id.split('*')
+        filename = ''.join(cgstr[int(part)] for part in parts if part.isdecimal())
+        if not filename.startswith('/'):
+            filename = '/' + filename
+        return filename
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _decrypt_url_params(encrypted_params):
+        params = VideaIE.rc4(
+            base64.b64decode(encrypted_params), 'xkt3a41psizxrh9l').split('-')
+        # sign, token, timestamp
+        return params[1], params[2], params[3]
+
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         scheme = 'https' if url.startswith('https') else 'http'
 
         audio_id = self._match_id(url)
-        audio_info_file = f'{scheme}://m.ximalaya.com/tracks/{audio_id}.json'
         audio_info = self._download_json(
-            audio_info_file, audio_id,
-            f'Downloading info json {audio_info_file}', 'Unable to download info file')
+            f'{scheme}://m.ximalaya.com/tracks/{audio_id}.json', audio_id,
+            'Downloading info json', 'Unable to download info file')
 
-        formats = [{
+        formats = []
+        # NOTE: VIP-restricted audio
+        if audio_info.get('is_paid'):
+            ts = int(time.time())
+            vip_info = self._download_json(
+                f'{scheme}://mpay.ximalaya.com/mobile/track/pay/{audio_id}/{ts}',
+                audio_id, 'Downloading VIP info json', 'Unable to download VIP info file',
+                query={'device': 'pc', 'isBackend': 'true', '_': ts})
+            filename = self._decrypt_filename(vip_info['fileId'], vip_info['seed'])
+            sign, token, timestamp = self._decrypt_url_params(vip_info['ep'])
+            vip_url = update_url_query(
+                f'{vip_info["domain"]}/download/{vip_info["apiVersion"]}{filename}', {
+                    'sign': sign,
+                    'token': token,
+                    'timestamp': timestamp,
+                    'buy_key': vip_info['buyKey'],
+                    'duration': vip_info['duration'],
+                })
+            fmt = {
+                'format_id': 'vip',
+                'url': vip_url,
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+            }
+            if '_preview_' in vip_url:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'This tracks requires a VIP account. Using a sample instead. {self._login_hint()}')
+                fmt.update({
+                    'format_note': 'Sample',
+                    'preference': -10,
+                    **traverse_obj(vip_info, {
+                        'filesize': ('sampleLength', {int_or_none}),
+                        'duration': ('sampleDuration', {int_or_none}),
+                    }),
+                })
+            else:
+                fmt.update(traverse_obj(vip_info, {
+                    'filesize': ('totalLength', {int_or_none}),
+                    'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                }))
+
+            fmt['abr'] = try_call(lambda: fmt['filesize'] * 8 / fmt['duration'] / 1024)
+            formats.append(fmt)
+
+        formats.extend([{
             'format_id': f'{bps}k',
             'url': audio_info[k],
             'abr': bps,
             'vcodec': 'none',
-        } for bps, k in ((24, 'play_path_32'), (64, 'play_path_64')) if audio_info.get(k)]
+        } for bps, k in ((24, 'play_path_32'), (64, 'play_path_64')) if audio_info.get(k)])
 
         thumbnails = []
         for k in audio_info:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py
index 10849916b..23ed9270d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/xinpianchang.py
@@ -3,16 +3,13 @@
     int_or_none,
     str_or_none,
     try_get,
-    update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
 )
 
 
 class XinpianchangIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.xinpianchang\.com/(?P<id>[^/]+?)(?:\D|$)'
-    IE_NAME = 'xinpianchang'
-    IE_DESC = 'xinpianchang.com'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(www\.)?xinpianchang\.com/(?P<id>a\d+)'
+    IE_DESC = '新片场'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.xinpianchang.com/a11766551',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -49,11 +46,11 @@ class XinpianchangIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id=video_id)
-        domain = self.find_value_with_regex(var='requireNewDomain', webpage=webpage)
-        vid = self.find_value_with_regex(var='vid', webpage=webpage)
-        app_key = self.find_value_with_regex(var='modeServerAppKey', webpage=webpage)
-        api = update_url_query(f'{domain}/mod/api/v2/media/{vid}', {'appKey': app_key})
-        data = self._download_json(api, video_id=video_id)['data']
+        video_data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['detail']['video']
+
+        data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://mod-api.xinpianchang.com/mod/api/v2/media/{video_data["vid"]}', video_id,
+            query={'appKey': video_data['appKey']})['data']
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
         for k, v in data.get('resource').items():
             if k in ('dash', 'hls'):
@@ -72,6 +69,10 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                     'width': int_or_none(prog.get('width')),
                     'height': int_or_none(prog.get('height')),
                     'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'http_headers': {
+                        # NB: Server returns 403 without the Range header
+                        'Range': 'bytes=0-',
+                    },
                 } for prog in v if prog.get('url') or []])
 
         return {
@@ -87,6 +88,3 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
         }
-
-    def find_value_with_regex(self, var, webpage):
-        return self._search_regex(rf'var\s{var}\s=\s\"(?P<vid>[^\"]+)\"', webpage, name=var)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py
index cdd32c5e4..09e7c9878 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py
@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@
 
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    bug_reports_message,
     determine_ext,
-    extract_attributes,
     int_or_none,
     lowercase_escape,
     parse_qs,
-    traverse_obj,
+    qualities,
     try_get,
+    update_url_query,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class YandexVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -186,7 +188,22 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return self.url_result(data_json['video']['url'])
 
 
-class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
+class ZenYandexBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _fetch_ssr_data(self, url, video_id):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        redirect = self._search_json(
+            r'(?:var|let|const)\s+it\s*=', webpage, 'redirect', video_id, default={}).get('retpath')
+        if redirect:
+            video_id = self._match_id(redirect)
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(redirect, video_id, note='Redirecting')
+        return video_id, self._search_json(
+            r'(?:var|let|const)\s+_params\s*=\s*\(', webpage, 'metadata', video_id,
+            contains_pattern=r'{["\']ssrData.+}')['ssrData']
+
+
+class ZenYandexIE(ZenYandexBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'dzen.ru'
+    IE_DESC = 'Дзен (dzen) formerly Яндекс.Дзен (Yandex Zen)'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(zen\.yandex|dzen)\.ru(?:/video)?/(media|watch)/(?:(?:id/[^/]+/|[^/]+/)(?:[a-z0-9-]+)-)?(?P<id>[a-z0-9-]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/606fd806cc13cb3c58c05cf5/vot-eto-focus-dedy-morozy-na-gidrociklah-60c7c443da18892ebfe85ed7',
@@ -216,6 +233,7 @@ class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
             'timestamp': 1573465585,
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'The page does not exist',
     }, {
         'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/video/watch/6002240ff8b1af50bb2da5e3',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -227,6 +245,9 @@ class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'TechInsider',
             'timestamp': 1611378221,
             'upload_date': '20210123',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 243,
+            'tags': ['опыт', 'эксперимент', 'огонь'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
@@ -240,6 +261,9 @@ class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
             'uploader': 'TechInsider',
             'upload_date': '20210123',
             'timestamp': 1611378221,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 243,
+            'tags': ['опыт', 'эксперимент', 'огонь'],
         },
         'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
     }, {
@@ -252,44 +276,56 @@ class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        redirect = self._search_json(r'var it\s*=', webpage, 'redirect', id, default={}).get('retpath')
-        if redirect:
-            video_id = self._match_id(redirect)
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(redirect, video_id, note='Redirecting')
-        data_json = self._search_json(
-            r'("data"\s*:|data\s*=)', webpage, 'metadata', video_id, contains_pattern=r'{["\']_*serverState_*video.+}')
-        serverstate = self._search_regex(r'(_+serverState_+video-site_[^_]+_+)', webpage, 'server state')
-        uploader = self._search_regex(r'(<a\s*class=["\']card-channel-link[^"\']+["\'][^>]+>)',
-                                      webpage, 'uploader', default='<a>')
-        uploader_name = extract_attributes(uploader).get('aria-label')
-        item_id = traverse_obj(data_json, (serverstate, 'videoViewer', 'openedItemId', {str}))
-        video_json = traverse_obj(data_json, (serverstate, 'videoViewer', 'items', item_id, {dict})) or {}
+        video_id, ssr_data = self._fetch_ssr_data(url, video_id)
+        video_data = ssr_data['videoMetaResponse']
 
         formats, subtitles = [], {}
-        for s_url in traverse_obj(video_json, ('video', 'streams', ..., {url_or_none})):
+        quality = qualities(('4', '0', '1', '2', '3', '5', '6', '7'))
+        # Deduplicate stream URLs. The "dzen_dash" query parameter is present in some URLs but can be omitted
+        stream_urls = set(traverse_obj(video_data, (
+            'video', ('id', ('streams', ...), ('mp4Streams', ..., 'url'), ('oneVideoStreams', ..., 'url')),
+            {url_or_none}, {update_url_query(query={'dzen_dash': []})})))
+        for s_url in stream_urls:
             ext = determine_ext(s_url)
-            if ext == 'mpd':
-                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(s_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash')
-            elif ext == 'm3u8':
-                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(s_url, video_id, 'mp4')
+            content_type = traverse_obj(parse_qs(s_url), ('ct', 0))
+            if ext == 'mpd' or content_type == '6':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(s_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            elif ext == 'm3u8' or content_type == '8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(s_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            elif content_type == '0':
+                format_type = traverse_obj(parse_qs(s_url), ('type', 0))
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': s_url,
+                    'format_id': format_type,
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'quality': quality(format_type),
+                })
+                continue
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Unsupported stream URL: {s_url}{bug_reports_message()}')
+                continue
             formats.extend(fmts)
-            subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
         return {
             'id': video_id,
-            'title': video_json.get('title') or self._og_search_title(webpage),
             'formats': formats,
             'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'duration': int_or_none(video_json.get('duration')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(video_json.get('views')),
-            'timestamp': int_or_none(video_json.get('publicationDate')),
-            'uploader': uploader_name or data_json.get('authorName') or try_get(data_json, lambda x: x['publisher']['name']),
-            'description': video_json.get('description') or self._og_search_description(webpage),
-            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage) or try_get(data_json, lambda x: x['og']['imageUrl']),
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('video', 'views', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('publicationDate', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+                'uploader': ('source', 'title', {str}),
+            }),
         }
 
 
-class ZenYandexChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
+class ZenYandexChannelIE(ZenYandexBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'dzen.ru:channel'
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://(zen\.yandex|dzen)\.ru/(?!media|video)(?:id/)?(?P<id>[a-z0-9-_]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/tok_media',
@@ -323,8 +359,8 @@ class ZenYandexChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/jony_me',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'jony_me',
-            'description': 'md5:ce0a5cad2752ab58701b5497835b2cc5',
-            'title': 'JONY ',
+            'description': 'md5:7c30d11dc005faba8826feae99da3113',
+            'title': 'JONY',
         },
         'playlist_count': 18,
     }, {
@@ -333,9 +369,8 @@ class ZenYandexChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
         'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/tatyanareva',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'tatyanareva',
-            'description': 'md5:40a1e51f174369ec3ba9d657734ac31f',
+            'description': 'md5:92e56fa730a932ca2483ba5c2186ad96',
             'title': 'Татьяна Рева',
-            'entries': 'maxcount:200',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 46,
     }, {
@@ -348,43 +383,31 @@ class ZenYandexChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
         'playlist_mincount': 657,
     }]
 
-    def _entries(self, item_id, server_state_json, server_settings_json):
-        items = (traverse_obj(server_state_json, ('feed', 'items', ...))
-                 or traverse_obj(server_settings_json, ('exportData', 'items', ...)))
-
-        more = (traverse_obj(server_state_json, ('links', 'more'))
-                or traverse_obj(server_settings_json, ('exportData', 'more', 'link')))
-
+    def _entries(self, feed_data, channel_id):
         next_page_id = None
         for page in itertools.count(1):
-            for item in items or []:
-                if item.get('type') != 'gif':
-                    continue
-                video_id = traverse_obj(item, 'publication_id', 'publicationId') or ''
-                yield self.url_result(item['link'], ZenYandexIE, video_id.split(':')[-1])
+            for item in traverse_obj(feed_data, (
+                (None, ('items', lambda _, v: v['tab'] in ('shorts', 'longs'))),
+                'items', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['link']),
+            )):
+                yield self.url_result(item['link'], ZenYandexIE, item.get('id'), title=item.get('title'))
 
+            more = traverse_obj(feed_data, ('more', 'link', {url_or_none}))
             current_page_id = next_page_id
             next_page_id = traverse_obj(parse_qs(more), ('next_page_id', -1))
-            if not all((more, items, next_page_id, next_page_id != current_page_id)):
+            if not all((more, next_page_id, next_page_id != current_page_id)):
                 break
 
-            data = self._download_json(more, item_id, note=f'Downloading Page {page}')
-            items, more = data.get('items'), traverse_obj(data, ('more', 'link'))
+            feed_data = self._download_json(more, channel_id, note=f'Downloading Page {page}')
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        item_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, item_id)
-        redirect = self._search_json(
-            r'var it\s*=', webpage, 'redirect', item_id, default={}).get('retpath')
-        if redirect:
-            item_id = self._match_id(redirect)
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(redirect, item_id, note='Redirecting')
-        data = self._search_json(
-            r'("data"\s*:|data\s*=)', webpage, 'channel data', item_id, contains_pattern=r'{\"__serverState__.+}')
-        server_state_json = traverse_obj(data, lambda k, _: k.startswith('__serverState__'), get_all=False)
-        server_settings_json = traverse_obj(data, lambda k, _: k.startswith('__serverSettings__'), get_all=False)
+        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
+        channel_id, ssr_data = self._fetch_ssr_data(url, channel_id)
+        channel_data = ssr_data['exportResponse']
 
         return self.playlist_result(
-            self._entries(item_id, server_state_json, server_settings_json),
-            item_id, traverse_obj(server_state_json, ('channel', 'source', 'title')),
-            traverse_obj(server_state_json, ('channel', 'source', 'description')))
+            self._entries(channel_data['feedData'], channel_id),
+            channel_id, **traverse_obj(channel_data, ('channel', 'source', {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+            })))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py
index ef9e96804..c2daddfa6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/yle_areena.py
@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .kaltura import KalturaIE
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
     int_or_none,
+    parse_iso8601,
     smuggle_url,
-    traverse_obj,
-    unified_strdate,
     url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
 
 
 class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://areena\.yle\.fi/(?P<id>[\d-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://areena\.yle\.fi/(?P<podcast>podcastit/)?(?P<id>[\d-]+)'
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['FI']
     _TESTS = [
         {
             'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-4371942',
-            'md5': '932edda0ecf5dfd6423804182d32f8ac',
+            'md5': 'd87e9a1e74e67e009990ddd413e426b4',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '0_a3tjk92c',
+                'id': '1-4371942',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Pouchit',
                 'description': 'md5:01071d7056ceec375f63960f90c35366',
@@ -26,37 +27,27 @@ class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'season_number': 1,
                 'episode': 'Episode 2',
                 'episode_number': 2,
-                'thumbnail': 'http://cfvod.kaltura.com/p/1955031/sp/195503100/thumbnail/entry_id/0_a3tjk92c/version/100061',
-                'uploader_id': 'ovp@yle.fi',
-                'duration': 1435,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'upload_date': '20181204',
-                'release_date': '20190106',
-                'timestamp': 1543916210,
-                'subtitles': {'fin': [{'url': r're:^https?://', 'ext': 'srt'}]},
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
                 'age_limit': 7,
-                'webpage_url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-4371942',
+                'release_date': '20190105',
+                'release_timestamp': 1546725660,
+                'duration': 1435,
             },
         },
         {
             'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-2158940',
-            'md5': 'cecb603661004e36af8c5188b5212b12',
+            'md5': '6369ddc5e07b5fdaeda27a495184143c',
             'info_dict': {
-                'id': '1_l38iz9ur',
+                'id': '1-2158940',
                 'ext': 'mp4',
                 'title': 'Albi haluaa vessan',
-                'description': 'md5:15236d810c837bed861fae0e88663c33',
+                'description': 'Albi haluaa vessan.',
                 'series': 'Albi Lumiukko',
-                'thumbnail': 'http://cfvod.kaltura.com/p/1955031/sp/195503100/thumbnail/entry_id/1_l38iz9ur/version/100021',
-                'uploader_id': 'ovp@yle.fi',
-                'duration': 319,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'upload_date': '20211202',
-                'release_date': '20211215',
-                'timestamp': 1638448202,
-                'subtitles': {},
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
                 'age_limit': 0,
-                'webpage_url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-2158940',
+                'release_date': '20211215',
+                'release_timestamp': 1639555200,
+                'duration': 319,
             },
         },
         {
@@ -67,71 +58,125 @@ class YleAreenaIE(InfoExtractor):
                 'title': 'HKO & Mälkki & Tanner',
                 'description': 'md5:b4f1b1af2c6569b33f75179a86eea156',
                 'series': 'Helsingin kaupunginorkesterin konsertteja',
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg$',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
                 'release_date': '20230120',
+                'release_timestamp': 1674242079,
+                'duration': 8004,
             },
             'params': {
                 'skip_download': 'm3u8',
             },
         },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/1-72251830',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1-72251830',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': r're:Pentulive 2024 | Pentulive \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}',
+                'description': 'md5:1f118707d9093bf894a34fbbc865397b',
+                'series': 'Pentulive',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://images\.cdn\.yle\.fi/image/upload/.+\.jpg',
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
+                'release_date': '20241025',
+                'release_timestamp': 1729875600,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'livestream',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://areena.yle.fi/podcastit/1-71022852',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '1-71022852',
+                'ext': 'mp3',
+                'title': 'Värityspäivä',
+                'description': 'md5:c3a02b0455ec71d32cbe09d32ec161e2',
+                'series': 'Murun ja Paukun ikioma kaupunki',
+                'episode': 'Episode 1',
+                'episode_number': 1,
+                'release_date': '20240607',
+                'release_timestamp': 1717736400,
+                'duration': 442,
+            },
+        },
     ]
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        info = self._search_json_ld(self._download_webpage(url, video_id), video_id, default={})
+        video_id, is_podcast = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'podcast')
+        json_ld = self._search_json_ld(self._download_webpage(url, video_id), video_id, default={})
         video_data = self._download_json(
             f'https://player.api.yle.fi/v1/preview/{video_id}.json?app_id=player_static_prod&app_key=8930d72170e48303cf5f3867780d549b',
             video_id, headers={
                 'origin': 'https://areena.yle.fi',
                 'referer': 'https://areena.yle.fi/',
                 'content-type': 'application/json',
-            })
+            })['data']
 
         # Example title: 'K1, J2: Pouchit | Modernit miehet'
         season_number, episode_number, episode, series = self._search_regex(
             r'K(?P<season_no>\d+),\s*J(?P<episode_no>\d+):?\s*\b(?P<episode>[^|]+)\s*|\s*(?P<series>.+)',
-            info.get('title') or '', 'episode metadata', group=('season_no', 'episode_no', 'episode', 'series'),
+            json_ld.get('title') or '', 'episode metadata', group=('season_no', 'episode_no', 'episode', 'series'),
             default=(None, None, None, None))
-        description = traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'description', 'fin'), expected_type=str)
+        description = traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'description', 'fin', {str}))
 
         subtitles = {}
-        for sub in traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'subtitles', ...)):
-            if url_or_none(sub.get('uri')):
-                subtitles.setdefault(sub.get('language') or 'und', []).append({
-                    'url': sub['uri'],
-                    'ext': 'srt',
-                    'name': sub.get('kind'),
-                })
+        for sub in traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'subtitles', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['uri']))):
+            subtitles.setdefault(sub.get('language') or 'und', []).append({
+                'url': sub['uri'],
+                'ext': 'srt',
+                'name': sub.get('kind'),
+            })
 
-        kaltura_id = traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'kaltura', 'id'), expected_type=str)
-        if kaltura_id:
-            info_dict = {
+        info_dict, metadata = {}, {}
+        if is_podcast and traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'media_url', {url_or_none})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_ondemand']
+            info_dict['url'] = metadata['media_url']
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_event', 'manifest_url', {url_or_none})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_event']
+            metadata.pop('duration', None)  # Duration is not accurate for livestreams
+            info_dict['live_status'] = 'is_live'
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'manifest_url', {url_or_none})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_ondemand']
+        # XXX: Has all externally-hosted Kaltura content been moved to native hosting?
+        elif kaltura_id := traverse_obj(video_data, ('ongoing_ondemand', 'kaltura', 'id', {str})):
+            metadata = video_data['ongoing_ondemand']
+            info_dict.update({
                 '_type': 'url_transparent',
                 'url': smuggle_url(f'kaltura:1955031:{kaltura_id}', {'source_url': url}),
                 'ie_key': KalturaIE.ie_key(),
-            }
+            })
+        elif traverse_obj(video_data, ('gone', {dict})):
+            self.raise_no_formats('The content is no longer available', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+            metadata = video_data['gone']
         else:
-            formats, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                video_data['data']['ongoing_ondemand']['manifest_url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract content')
+
+        if not info_dict.get('url') and metadata.get('manifest_url'):
+            info_dict['formats'], subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                metadata['manifest_url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
             self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
-            info_dict = {
-                'id': video_id,
-                'formats': formats,
-            }
 
         return {
-            **info_dict,
-            'title': (traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'title', 'fin'), expected_type=str)
-                      or episode or info.get('title')),
+            **traverse_obj(json_ld, {
+                'title': 'title',
+                'thumbnails': ('thumbnails', ..., {'url': 'url'}),
+            }),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': episode,
             'description': description,
-            'series': (traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'series', 'title', 'fin'), expected_type=str)
-                       or series),
+            'series': series,
             'season_number': (int_or_none(self._search_regex(r'Kausi (\d+)', description, 'season number', default=None))
                               or int_or_none(season_number)),
-            'episode_number': (traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'episode_number'), expected_type=int_or_none)
-                               or int_or_none(episode_number)),
-            'thumbnails': traverse_obj(info, ('thumbnails', ..., {'url': 'url'})),
-            'age_limit': traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'content_rating', 'age_restriction'), expected_type=int_or_none),
+            'episode_number': int_or_none(episode_number),
             'subtitles': subtitles or None,
-            'release_date': unified_strdate(traverse_obj(video_data, ('data', 'ongoing_ondemand', 'start_time'), expected_type=str)),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': ('title', 'fin', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', 'fin', {str}),
+                'series': ('series', 'title', 'fin', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episode_number', {int_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('content_rating', 'age_restriction', {int_or_none}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('duration', 'duration_in_seconds', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **info_dict,
         }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
index 4a00dfe9c..b3c4b76d7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youporn.py
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ def extract_tag_box(regex, title):
         return result
 
 
-class YouPornListBase(InfoExtractor):
+class YouPornListBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     def _get_next_url(self, url, pl_id, html):
         return urljoin(url, self._search_regex(
             r'''<a [^>]*?\bhref\s*=\s*("|')(?P<url>(?:(?!\1)[^>])+)\1''',
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ def _entries(self, url, pl_id, html=None, page_num=None):
             if not html:
                 return
             for element in get_elements_html_by_class('video-title', html):
-                if video_url := traverse_obj(element, ({extract_attributes}, 'href', {lambda x: urljoin(url, x)})):
+                if video_url := traverse_obj(element, ({extract_attributes}, 'href', {urljoin(url)})):
                     yield self.url_result(video_url)
 
             if page_num is not None:
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url, html=None):
             playlist_id=pl_id, playlist_title=title)
 
 
-class YouPornCategoryIE(YouPornListBase):
+class YouPornCategoryIE(YouPornListBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'YouPorn category, with sorting, filtering and pagination'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
         https?://(?:www\.)?youporn\.com/
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ class YouPornCategoryIE(YouPornListBase):
     }]
 
 
-class YouPornChannelIE(YouPornListBase):
+class YouPornChannelIE(YouPornListBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'YouPorn channel, with sorting and pagination'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
         https?://(?:www\.)?youporn\.com/
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ def _get_title_from_slug(title_slug):
         return re.sub(r'_', ' ', title_slug).title()
 
 
-class YouPornCollectionIE(YouPornListBase):
+class YouPornCollectionIE(YouPornListBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'YouPorn collection (user playlist), with sorting and pagination'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
         https?://(?:www\.)?youporn\.com/
@@ -394,7 +394,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return playlist
 
 
-class YouPornTagIE(YouPornListBase):
+class YouPornTagIE(YouPornListBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'YouPorn tag (porntags), with sorting, filtering and pagination'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
         https?://(?:www\.)?youporn\.com/
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         return super()._real_extract(url)
 
 
-class YouPornStarIE(YouPornListBase):
+class YouPornStarIE(YouPornListBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'YouPorn Pornstar, with description, sorting and pagination'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
         https?://(?:www\.)?youporn\.com/
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         }
 
 
-class YouPornVideosIE(YouPornListBase):
+class YouPornVideosIE(YouPornListBaseIE):
     IE_DESC = 'YouPorn video (browse) playlists, with sorting, filtering and pagination'
     _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
         https?://(?:www\.)?youporn\.com/
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 2501398ba..000000000
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7605 +0,0 @@
-import base64
-import calendar
-import collections
-import copy
-import datetime as dt
-import enum
-import functools
-import hashlib
-import itertools
-import json
-import math
-import os.path
-import random
-import re
-import shlex
-import sys
-import threading
-import time
-import traceback
-import urllib.parse
-
-from .common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
-from .openload import PhantomJSwrapper
-from ..jsinterp import JSInterpreter
-from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
-from ..utils import (
-    NO_DEFAULT,
-    ExtractorError,
-    LazyList,
-    UserNotLive,
-    bug_reports_message,
-    classproperty,
-    clean_html,
-    datetime_from_str,
-    dict_get,
-    filesize_from_tbr,
-    filter_dict,
-    float_or_none,
-    format_field,
-    get_first,
-    int_or_none,
-    is_html,
-    join_nonempty,
-    js_to_json,
-    mimetype2ext,
-    orderedSet,
-    parse_codecs,
-    parse_count,
-    parse_duration,
-    parse_iso8601,
-    parse_qs,
-    qualities,
-    remove_start,
-    smuggle_url,
-    str_or_none,
-    str_to_int,
-    strftime_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
-    try_call,
-    try_get,
-    unescapeHTML,
-    unified_strdate,
-    unified_timestamp,
-    unsmuggle_url,
-    update_url_query,
-    url_or_none,
-    urljoin,
-    variadic,
-)
-
-STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME = '__yt_dlp_client'
-# any clients starting with _ cannot be explicitly requested by the user
-INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
-    'web': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'WEB',
-                'clientVersion': '2.20240726.00.00',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1,
-    },
-    # Safari UA returns pre-merged video+audio 144p/240p/360p/720p/1080p HLS formats
-    'web_safari': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'WEB',
-                'clientVersion': '2.20240726.00.00',
-                'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/15.5 Safari/605.1.15,gzip(gfe)',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1,
-    },
-    'web_embedded': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
-                'clientVersion': '1.20240723.01.00',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 56,
-    },
-    'web_music': {
-        'INNERTUBE_HOST': 'music.youtube.com',
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'WEB_REMIX',
-                'clientVersion': '1.20240724.00.00',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 67,
-    },
-    'web_creator': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'WEB_CREATOR',
-                'clientVersion': '1.20240723.03.00',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 62,
-    },
-    'android': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID',
-                'clientVersion': '19.29.37',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/19.29.37 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '11',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    'android_music': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_MUSIC',
-                'clientVersion': '7.11.50',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.music/7.11.50 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '11',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 21,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    'android_creator': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_CREATOR',
-                'clientVersion': '24.30.100',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.creator/24.30.100 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '11',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 14,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    # YouTube Kids videos aren't returned on this client for some reason
-    'android_vr': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_VR',
-                'clientVersion': '1.57.29',
-                'deviceMake': 'Oculus',
-                'deviceModel': 'Quest 3',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 32,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.vr.oculus/1.57.29 (Linux; U; Android 12L; eureka-user Build/SQ3A.220605.009.A1) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '12L',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 28,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    'android_testsuite': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_TESTSUITE',
-                'clientVersion': '1.9',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/1.9 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '11',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 30,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-        'PLAYER_PARAMS': '2AMB',
-    },
-    # This client only has legacy formats and storyboards
-    'android_producer': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'ANDROID_PRODUCER',
-                'clientVersion': '0.111.1',
-                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.producer/0.111.1 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
-                'osName': 'Android',
-                'osVersion': '11',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 91,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    # iOS clients have HLS live streams. Setting device model to get 60fps formats.
-    # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/680#issuecomment-1002724558
-    'ios': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'IOS',
-                'clientVersion': '19.29.1',
-                'deviceMake': 'Apple',
-                'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtube/19.29.1 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 17_5_1 like Mac OS X;)',
-                'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '17.5.1.21F90',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    'ios_music': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'IOS_MUSIC',
-                'clientVersion': '7.08.2',
-                'deviceMake': 'Apple',
-                'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtubemusic/7.08.2 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 17_5_1 like Mac OS X;)',
-                'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '17.5.1.21F90',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 26,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    'ios_creator': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'IOS_CREATOR',
-                'clientVersion': '24.30.100',
-                'deviceMake': 'Apple',
-                'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
-                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.ytcreator/24.30.100 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 17_5_1 like Mac OS X;)',
-                'osName': 'iPhone',
-                'osVersion': '17.5.1.21F90',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 15,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-    # mweb has 'ultralow' formats
-    # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/557
-    'mweb': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'MWEB',
-                'clientVersion': '2.20240726.01.00',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 2,
-    },
-    'tv': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'TVHTML5',
-                'clientVersion': '7.20240724.13.00',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 7,
-    },
-    # This client can access age restricted videos (unless the uploader has disabled the 'allow embedding' option)
-    # See: https://github.com/zerodytrash/YouTube-Internal-Clients
-    'tv_embedded': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
-                'clientVersion': '2.0',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 85,
-    },
-    # This client has pre-merged video+audio 720p/1080p streams
-    'mediaconnect': {
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
-            'client': {
-                'clientName': 'MEDIA_CONNECT_FRONTEND',
-                'clientVersion': '0.1',
-            },
-        },
-        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 95,
-        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
-    },
-}
-
-
-def _split_innertube_client(client_name):
-    variant, *base = client_name.rsplit('.', 1)
-    if base:
-        return variant, base[0], variant
-    base, *variant = client_name.split('_', 1)
-    return client_name, base, variant[0] if variant else None
-
-
-def short_client_name(client_name):
-    main, *parts = _split_innertube_client(client_name)[0].split('_')
-    return join_nonempty(main[:4], ''.join(x[0] for x in parts)).upper()
-
-
-def build_innertube_clients():
-    THIRD_PARTY = {
-        'embedUrl': 'https://www.youtube.com/',  # Can be any valid URL
-    }
-    BASE_CLIENTS = ('ios', 'web', 'tv', 'mweb', 'android')
-    priority = qualities(BASE_CLIENTS[::-1])
-
-    for client, ytcfg in tuple(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS.items()):
-        ytcfg.setdefault('INNERTUBE_HOST', 'www.youtube.com')
-        ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER', True)
-        ytcfg.setdefault('PLAYER_PARAMS', None)
-        ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client'].setdefault('hl', 'en')
-
-        _, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(client)
-        ytcfg['priority'] = 10 * priority(base_client)
-
-        if variant == 'embedded':
-            ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['thirdParty'] = THIRD_PARTY
-            ytcfg['priority'] -= 2
-        elif variant:
-            ytcfg['priority'] -= 3
-
-
-build_innertube_clients()
-
-
-class BadgeType(enum.Enum):
-    AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED = enum.auto()
-    AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE = enum.auto()
-    AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC = enum.auto()
-    AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM = enum.auto()
-    AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION = enum.auto()
-    LIVE_NOW = enum.auto()
-    VERIFIED = enum.auto()
-
-
-class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
-    """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
-
-    _RESERVED_NAMES = (
-        r'channel|c|user|playlist|watch|w|v|embed|e|live|watch_popup|clip|'
-        r'shorts|movies|results|search|shared|hashtag|trending|explore|feed|feeds|'
-        r'browse|oembed|get_video_info|iframe_api|s/player|source|'
-        r'storefront|oops|index|account|t/terms|about|upload|signin|logout')
-
-    _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}|RDMM|WL|LL|LM)'
-
-    # _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
-
-    # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
-    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
-
-    _INVIDIOUS_SITES = (
-        # invidious-redirect websites
-        r'(?:www\.)?redirect\.invidious\.io',
-        r'(?:(?:www|dev)\.)?invidio\.us',
-        # Invidious instances taken from https://github.com/iv-org/documentation/blob/master/docs/instances.md
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.pussthecat\.org',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zee\.li',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ethibox\.fr',
-        r'(?:www\.)?iv\.ggtyler\.dev',
-        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.vern\.i2p',
-        r'(?:www\.)?am74vkcrjp2d5v36lcdqgsj2m6x36tbrkhsruoegwfcizzabnfgf5zyd\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.riverside\.rocks',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.silur\.me',
-        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.bp\.projectsegfau\.lt',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.g4c3eya4clenolymqbpgwz3q3tawoxw56yhzk4vugqrl6dtu3ejvhjid\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.slipfox\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.esmail5pdn24shtvieloeedh7ehz3nrwcdivnfhfcedl7gf4kwddhkqd\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.vernccvbvyi5qhfzyqengccj7lkove6bjot2xhh5kajhwvidqafczrad\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tiekoetter\.com',
-        r'(?:www\.)?iv\.odysfvr23q5wgt7i456o5t3trw2cw5dgn56vbjfbq2m7xsc5vqbqpcyd\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.nerdvpn\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.weblibre\.org',
-        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.odyssey346\.dev',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.dhusch\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?iv\.melmac\.space',
-        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.thekitty\.zone',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.privacydev\.net',
-        r'(?:www\.)?ng27owmagn5amdm7l5s3rsqxwscl5ynppnis5dqcasogkyxcfqn7psid\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.drivet\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.priv\.au',
-        r'(?:www\.)?euxxcnhsynwmfidvhjf6uzptsmh4dipkmgdmcmxxuo7tunp3ad2jrwyd\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.vern\.cc',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.esmailelbob\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.sethforprivacy\.com',
-        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.oelrichsgarcia\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.artemislena\.eu',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.flokinet\.to',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.baczek\.me',
-        r'(?:www\.)?y\.com\.sb',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.epicsite\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.lidarshield\.cloud',
-        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.funami\.tech',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.3o7z6yfxhbw7n3za4rss6l434kmv55cgw2vuziwuigpwegswvwzqipyd\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?osbivz6guyeahrwp2lnwyjk2xos342h4ocsxyqrlaopqjuhwn2djiiyd\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?u2cvlit75owumwpy4dj2hsmvkq7nvrclkpht7xgyye2pyoxhpmclkrad\.onion',
-        # youtube-dl invidious instances list
-        r'(?:(?:www|no)\.)?invidiou\.sh',
-        r'(?:(?:www|fi)\.)?invidious\.snopyta\.org',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.kabi\.tk',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.mastodon\.host',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zapashcanon\.fr',
-        r'(?:www\.)?(?:invidious(?:-us)?|piped)\.kavin\.rocks',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tinfoil-hat\.net',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.himiko\.cloud',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.reallyancient\.tech',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tube',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidiou\.site',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.site',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.nixnet\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.048596\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.drycat\.fr',
-        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.skyn3t\.in',
-        r'(?:www\.)?tube\.poal\.co',
-        r'(?:www\.)?tube\.connect\.cafe',
-        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.wxzm\.sx',
-        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.mint\.lgbt',
-        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.puffyan\.us',
-        r'(?:www\.)?yewtu\.be',
-        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.elukerio\.org',
-        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.lelux\.fi',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ggc-project\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.maisputain\.ovh',
-        r'(?:www\.)?ytprivate\.com',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.toot\.koeln',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.fdn\.fr',
-        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.nettohikari\.com',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.namazso\.eu',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.silkky\.cloud',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.exonip\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.riverside\.rocks',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.blamefran\.net',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.moomoo\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?ytb\.trom\.tf',
-        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.cyberhost\.uk',
-        r'(?:www\.)?kgg2m7yk5aybusll\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?qklhadlycap4cnod\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?axqzx4s6s54s32yentfqojs3x5i7faxza6xo3ehd4bzzsg2ii4fv2iid\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?c7hqkpkpemu6e7emz5b4vyz7idjgdvgaaa3dyimmeojqbgpea3xqjoid\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?fz253lmuao3strwbfbmx46yu7acac2jz27iwtorgmbqlkurlclmancad\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.l4qlywnpwqsluw65ts7md3khrivpirse744un3x7mlskqauz5pyuzgqd\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?owxfohz4kjyv25fvlqilyxast7inivgiktls3th44jhk3ej3i7ya\.b32\.i2p',
-        r'(?:www\.)?4l2dgddgsrkf2ous66i6seeyi6etzfgrue332grh2n7madpwopotugyd\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?w6ijuptxiku4xpnnaetxvnkc5vqcdu7mgns2u77qefoixi63vbvnpnqd\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?kbjggqkzv65ivcqj6bumvp337z6264huv5kpkwuv6gu5yjiskvan7fad\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?grwp24hodrefzvjjuccrkw3mjq4tzhaaq32amf33dzpmuxe7ilepcmad\.onion',
-        r'(?:www\.)?hpniueoejy4opn7bc4ftgazyqjoeqwlvh2uiku2xqku6zpoa4bf5ruid\.onion',
-        # piped instances from https://github.com/TeamPiped/Piped/wiki/Instances
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.kavin\.rocks',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.tokhmi\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.syncpundit\.io',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.mha\.fi',
-        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.whatever\.social',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.garudalinux\.org',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.rivo\.lol',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped-libre\.kavin\.rocks',
-        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.jae\.fi',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.mint\.lgbt',
-        r'(?:www\.)?il\.ax',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.esmailelbob\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.projectsegfau\.lt',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.privacydev\.net',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.palveluntarjoaja\.eu',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.smnz\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.adminforge\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.whatevertinfoil\.de',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.qdi\.fi',
-        r'(?:(?:www|cf)\.)?piped\.video',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.aeong\.one',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.moomoo\.me',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.chauvet\.pro',
-        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.leptons\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?pd\.vern\.cc',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.hostux\.net',
-        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.lunar\.icu',
-        # Hyperpipe instances from https://hyperpipe.codeberg.page/
-        r'(?:www\.)?hyperpipe\.surge\.sh',
-        r'(?:www\.)?hyperpipe\.esmailelbob\.xyz',
-        r'(?:www\.)?listen\.whatever\.social',
-        r'(?:www\.)?music\.adminforge\.de',
-    )
-
-    # extracted from account/account_menu ep
-    # XXX: These are the supported YouTube UI and API languages,
-    # which is slightly different from languages supported for translation in YouTube studio
-    _SUPPORTED_LANG_CODES = [
-        'af', 'az', 'id', 'ms', 'bs', 'ca', 'cs', 'da', 'de', 'et', 'en-IN', 'en-GB', 'en', 'es',
-        'es-419', 'es-US', 'eu', 'fil', 'fr', 'fr-CA', 'gl', 'hr', 'zu', 'is', 'it', 'sw', 'lv',
-        'lt', 'hu', 'nl', 'no', 'uz', 'pl', 'pt-PT', 'pt', 'ro', 'sq', 'sk', 'sl', 'sr-Latn', 'fi',
-        'sv', 'vi', 'tr', 'be', 'bg', 'ky', 'kk', 'mk', 'mn', 'ru', 'sr', 'uk', 'el', 'hy', 'iw',
-        'ur', 'ar', 'fa', 'ne', 'mr', 'hi', 'as', 'bn', 'pa', 'gu', 'or', 'ta', 'te', 'kn', 'ml',
-        'si', 'th', 'lo', 'my', 'ka', 'am', 'km', 'zh-CN', 'zh-TW', 'zh-HK', 'ja', 'ko',
-    ]
-
-    _IGNORED_WARNINGS = {
-        'Unavailable videos will be hidden during playback',
-        'Unavailable videos are hidden',
-    }
-
-    _YT_HANDLE_RE = r'@[\w.-]{3,30}'  # https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/11585688?hl=en
-    _YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE = r'UC[\w-]{22}'
-
-    def ucid_or_none(self, ucid):
-        return self._search_regex(rf'^({self._YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE})$', ucid, 'UC-id', default=None)
-
-    def handle_or_none(self, handle):
-        return self._search_regex(rf'^({self._YT_HANDLE_RE})$', handle, '@-handle', default=None)
-
-    def handle_from_url(self, url):
-        return self._search_regex(rf'^(?:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com)?/({self._YT_HANDLE_RE})',
-                                  url, 'channel handle', default=None)
-
-    def ucid_from_url(self, url):
-        return self._search_regex(rf'^(?:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com)?/({self._YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE})',
-                                  url, 'channel id', default=None)
-
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def _preferred_lang(self):
-        """
-        Returns a language code supported by YouTube for the user preferred language.
-        Returns None if no preferred language set.
-        """
-        preferred_lang = self._configuration_arg('lang', ie_key='Youtube', casesense=True, default=[''])[0]
-        if not preferred_lang:
-            return
-        if preferred_lang not in self._SUPPORTED_LANG_CODES:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Unsupported language code: {preferred_lang}. Supported language codes (case-sensitive): {join_nonempty(*self._SUPPORTED_LANG_CODES, delim=", ")}.',
-                expected=True)
-        elif preferred_lang != 'en':
-            self.report_warning(
-                f'Preferring "{preferred_lang}" translated fields. Note that some metadata extraction may fail or be incorrect.')
-        return preferred_lang
-
-    def _initialize_consent(self):
-        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
-        if cookies.get('__Secure-3PSID'):
-            return
-        socs = cookies.get('SOCS')
-        if socs and not socs.value.startswith('CAA'):  # not consented
-            return
-        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', 'SOCS', 'CAI', secure=True)  # accept all (required for mixes)
-
-    def _initialize_pref(self):
-        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
-        pref_cookie = cookies.get('PREF')
-        pref = {}
-        if pref_cookie:
-            try:
-                pref = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(pref_cookie.value))
-            except ValueError:
-                self.report_warning('Failed to parse user PREF cookie' + bug_reports_message())
-        pref.update({'hl': self._preferred_lang or 'en', 'tz': 'UTC'})
-        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', name='PREF', value=urllib.parse.urlencode(pref))
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        self._initialize_pref()
-        self._initialize_consent()
-        self._check_login_required()
-
-    def _check_login_required(self):
-        if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and not self._cookies_passed:
-            self.raise_login_required('Login details are needed to download this content', method='cookies')
-
-    _YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE = r'(?:window\s*\[\s*["\']ytInitialData["\']\s*\]|ytInitialData)\s*='
-    _YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE = r'ytInitialPlayerResponse\s*='
-
-    def _get_default_ytcfg(self, client='web'):
-        return copy.deepcopy(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client])
-
-    def _get_innertube_host(self, client='web'):
-        return INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['INNERTUBE_HOST']
-
-    def _ytcfg_get_safe(self, ytcfg, getter, expected_type=None, default_client='web'):
-        # try_get but with fallback to default ytcfg client values when present
-        _func = lambda y: try_get(y, getter, expected_type)
-        return _func(ytcfg) or _func(self._get_default_ytcfg(default_client))
-
-    def _extract_client_name(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
-        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
-            ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME'],
-                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientName']), str, default_client)
-
-    def _extract_client_version(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
-        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
-            ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION'],
-                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientVersion']), str, default_client)
-
-    def _select_api_hostname(self, req_api_hostname, default_client=None):
-        return (self._configuration_arg('innertube_host', [''], ie_key=YoutubeIE.ie_key())[0]
-                or req_api_hostname or self._get_innertube_host(default_client or 'web'))
-
-    def _extract_context(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='web'):
-        context = get_first(
-            (ytcfg, self._get_default_ytcfg(default_client)), 'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', expected_type=dict)
-        # Enforce language and tz for extraction
-        client_context = traverse_obj(context, 'client', expected_type=dict, default={})
-        client_context.update({'hl': self._preferred_lang or 'en', 'timeZone': 'UTC', 'utcOffsetMinutes': 0})
-        return context
-
-    _SAPISID = None
-
-    def _generate_sapisidhash_header(self, origin='https://www.youtube.com'):
-        time_now = round(time.time())
-        if self._SAPISID is None:
-            yt_cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com')
-            # Sometimes SAPISID cookie isn't present but __Secure-3PAPISID is.
-            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/393
-            sapisid_cookie = dict_get(
-                yt_cookies, ('__Secure-3PAPISID', 'SAPISID'))
-            if sapisid_cookie and sapisid_cookie.value:
-                self._SAPISID = sapisid_cookie.value
-                self.write_debug('Extracted SAPISID cookie')
-                # SAPISID cookie is required if not already present
-                if not yt_cookies.get('SAPISID'):
-                    self.write_debug('Copying __Secure-3PAPISID cookie to SAPISID cookie')
-                    self._set_cookie(
-                        '.youtube.com', 'SAPISID', self._SAPISID, secure=True, expire_time=time_now + 3600)
-            else:
-                self._SAPISID = False
-        if not self._SAPISID:
-            return None
-        # SAPISIDHASH algorithm from https://stackoverflow.com/a/32065323
-        sapisidhash = hashlib.sha1(
-            f'{time_now} {self._SAPISID} {origin}'.encode()).hexdigest()
-        return f'SAPISIDHASH {time_now}_{sapisidhash}'
-
-    def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True, headers=None,
-                  note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page',
-                  context=None, api_key=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):
-
-        data = {'context': context} if context else {'context': self._extract_context(default_client=default_client)}
-        data.update(query)
-        real_headers = self.generate_api_headers(default_client=default_client)
-        real_headers.update({'content-type': 'application/json'})
-        if headers:
-            real_headers.update(headers)
-        return self._download_json(
-            f'https://{self._select_api_hostname(api_hostname, default_client)}/youtubei/v1/{ep}',
-            video_id=video_id, fatal=fatal, note=note, errnote=errnote,
-            data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf8'), headers=real_headers,
-            query=filter_dict({
-                'key': self._configuration_arg(
-                    'innertube_key', [api_key], ie_key=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), casesense=True)[0],
-                'prettyPrint': 'false',
-            }, cndn=lambda _, v: v))
-
-    def extract_yt_initial_data(self, item_id, webpage, fatal=True):
-        return self._search_json(self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, webpage, 'yt initial data', item_id, fatal=fatal)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_session_index(*data):
-        """
-        Index of current account in account list.
-        See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/519
-        """
-        for ytcfg in data:
-            session_index = int_or_none(try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['SESSION_INDEX']))
-            if session_index is not None:
-                return session_index
-
-    # Deprecated?
-    def _extract_identity_token(self, ytcfg=None, webpage=None):
-        if ytcfg:
-            token = try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['ID_TOKEN'], str)
-            if token:
-                return token
-        if webpage:
-            return self._search_regex(
-                r'\bID_TOKEN["\']\s*:\s*["\'](.+?)["\']', webpage,
-                'identity token', default=None, fatal=False)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_account_syncid(*args):
-        """
-        Extract syncId required to download private playlists of secondary channels
-        @params response and/or ytcfg
-        """
-        for data in args:
-            # ytcfg includes channel_syncid if on secondary channel
-            delegated_sid = try_get(data, lambda x: x['DELEGATED_SESSION_ID'], str)
-            if delegated_sid:
-                return delegated_sid
-            sync_ids = (try_get(
-                data, (lambda x: x['responseContext']['mainAppWebResponseContext']['datasyncId'],
-                       lambda x: x['DATASYNC_ID']), str) or '').split('||')
-            if len(sync_ids) >= 2 and sync_ids[1]:
-                # datasyncid is of the form "channel_syncid||user_syncid" for secondary channel
-                # and just "user_syncid||" for primary channel. We only want the channel_syncid
-                return sync_ids[0]
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_visitor_data(*args):
-        """
-        Extracts visitorData from an API response or ytcfg
-        Appears to be used to track session state
-        """
-        return get_first(
-            args, [('VISITOR_DATA', ('INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', 'client', 'visitorData'), ('responseContext', 'visitorData'))],
-            expected_type=str)
-
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def is_authenticated(self):
-        return bool(self._generate_sapisidhash_header())
-
-    def extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
-        if not webpage:
-            return {}
-        return self._parse_json(
-            self._search_regex(
-                r'ytcfg\.set\s*\(\s*({.+?})\s*\)\s*;', webpage, 'ytcfg',
-                default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}
-
-    def generate_api_headers(
-            self, *, ytcfg=None, account_syncid=None, session_index=None,
-            visitor_data=None, identity_token=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):
-
-        origin = 'https://' + (self._select_api_hostname(api_hostname, default_client))
-        headers = {
-            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': str(
-                self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME'], default_client=default_client)),
-            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, default_client),
-            'Origin': origin,
-            'X-Youtube-Identity-Token': identity_token or self._extract_identity_token(ytcfg),
-            'X-Goog-PageId': account_syncid or self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg),
-            'X-Goog-Visitor-Id': visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(ytcfg),
-            'User-Agent': self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['userAgent'], default_client=default_client),
-        }
-        if session_index is None:
-            session_index = self._extract_session_index(ytcfg)
-        if account_syncid or session_index is not None:
-            headers['X-Goog-AuthUser'] = session_index if session_index is not None else 0
-
-        auth = self._generate_sapisidhash_header(origin)
-        if auth is not None:
-            headers['Authorization'] = auth
-            headers['X-Origin'] = origin
-        return filter_dict(headers)
-
-    def _download_ytcfg(self, client, video_id):
-        url = {
-            'web': 'https://www.youtube.com',
-            'web_music': 'https://music.youtube.com',
-            'web_embedded': f'https://www.youtube.com/embed/{video_id}?html5=1',
-        }.get(client)
-        if not url:
-            return {}
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            url, video_id, fatal=False, note=f'Downloading {client.replace("_", " ").strip()} client config')
-        return self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or {}
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp=None):
-        query = {
-            'continuation': continuation,
-        }
-        # TODO: Inconsistency with clickTrackingParams.
-        # Currently we have a fixed ctp contained within context (from ytcfg)
-        # and a ctp in root query for continuation.
-        if ctp:
-            query['clickTracking'] = {'clickTrackingParams': ctp}
-        return query
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_next_continuation_data(cls, renderer):
-        next_continuation = try_get(
-            renderer, (lambda x: x['continuations'][0]['nextContinuationData'],
-                       lambda x: x['continuation']['reloadContinuationData']), dict)
-        if not next_continuation:
-            return
-        continuation = next_continuation.get('continuation')
-        if not continuation:
-            return
-        ctp = next_continuation.get('clickTrackingParams')
-        return cls._build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_continuation_ep_data(cls, continuation_ep: dict):
-        if isinstance(continuation_ep, dict):
-            continuation = try_get(
-                continuation_ep, lambda x: x['continuationCommand']['token'], str)
-            if not continuation:
-                return
-            ctp = continuation_ep.get('clickTrackingParams')
-            return cls._build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_continuation(cls, renderer):
-        next_continuation = cls._extract_next_continuation_data(renderer)
-        if next_continuation:
-            return next_continuation
-
-        return traverse_obj(renderer, (
-            ('contents', 'items', 'rows'), ..., 'continuationItemRenderer',
-            ('continuationEndpoint', ('button', 'buttonRenderer', 'command')),
-        ), get_all=False, expected_type=cls._extract_continuation_ep_data)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_alerts(cls, data):
-        for alert_dict in try_get(data, lambda x: x['alerts'], list) or []:
-            if not isinstance(alert_dict, dict):
-                continue
-            for alert in alert_dict.values():
-                alert_type = alert.get('type')
-                if not alert_type:
-                    continue
-                message = cls._get_text(alert, 'text')
-                if message:
-                    yield alert_type, message
-
-    def _report_alerts(self, alerts, expected=True, fatal=True, only_once=False):
-        errors, warnings = [], []
-        for alert_type, alert_message in alerts:
-            if alert_type.lower() == 'error' and fatal:
-                errors.append([alert_type, alert_message])
-            elif alert_message not in self._IGNORED_WARNINGS:
-                warnings.append([alert_type, alert_message])
-
-        for alert_type, alert_message in (warnings + errors[:-1]):
-            self.report_warning(f'YouTube said: {alert_type} - {alert_message}', only_once=only_once)
-        if errors:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'YouTube said: {errors[-1][1]}', expected=expected)
-
-    def _extract_and_report_alerts(self, data, *args, **kwargs):
-        return self._report_alerts(self._extract_alerts(data), *args, **kwargs)
-
-    def _extract_badges(self, badge_list: list):
-        """
-        Extract known BadgeType's from a list of badge renderers.
-        @returns [{'type': BadgeType}]
-        """
-        icon_type_map = {
-            'PRIVACY_UNLISTED': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED,
-            'PRIVACY_PRIVATE': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE,
-            'PRIVACY_PUBLIC': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC,
-            'CHECK_CIRCLE_THICK': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
-            'OFFICIAL_ARTIST_BADGE': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
-            'CHECK': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
-        }
-
-        badge_style_map = {
-            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_MEMBERS_ONLY': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION,
-            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_PREMIUM': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM,
-            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_LIVE_NOW': BadgeType.LIVE_NOW,
-            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_VERIFIED': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
-            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_VERIFIED_ARTIST': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
-        }
-
-        label_map = {
-            'unlisted': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED,
-            'private': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE,
-            'members only': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION,
-            'live': BadgeType.LIVE_NOW,
-            'premium': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM,
-            'verified': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
-            'official artist channel': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
-        }
-
-        badges = []
-        for badge in traverse_obj(badge_list, (..., lambda key, _: re.search(r'[bB]adgeRenderer$', key))):
-            badge_type = (
-                icon_type_map.get(traverse_obj(badge, ('icon', 'iconType'), expected_type=str))
-                or badge_style_map.get(traverse_obj(badge, 'style'))
-            )
-            if badge_type:
-                badges.append({'type': badge_type})
-                continue
-
-            # fallback, won't work in some languages
-            label = traverse_obj(
-                badge, 'label', ('accessibilityData', 'label'), 'tooltip', 'iconTooltip', get_all=False, expected_type=str, default='')
-            for match, label_badge_type in label_map.items():
-                if match in label.lower():
-                    badges.append({'type': label_badge_type})
-                    break
-
-        return badges
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _has_badge(badges, badge_type):
-        return bool(traverse_obj(badges, lambda _, v: v['type'] == badge_type))
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _get_text(data, *path_list, max_runs=None):
-        for path in path_list or [None]:
-            if path is None:
-                obj = [data]
-            else:
-                obj = traverse_obj(data, path, default=[])
-                if not any(key is ... or isinstance(key, (list, tuple)) for key in variadic(path)):
-                    obj = [obj]
-            for item in obj:
-                text = try_get(item, lambda x: x['simpleText'], str)
-                if text:
-                    return text
-                runs = try_get(item, lambda x: x['runs'], list) or []
-                if not runs and isinstance(item, list):
-                    runs = item
-
-                runs = runs[:min(len(runs), max_runs or len(runs))]
-                text = ''.join(traverse_obj(runs, (..., 'text'), expected_type=str))
-                if text:
-                    return text
-
-    def _get_count(self, data, *path_list):
-        count_text = self._get_text(data, *path_list) or ''
-        count = parse_count(count_text)
-        if count is None:
-            count = str_to_int(
-                self._search_regex(r'^([\d,]+)', re.sub(r'\s', '', count_text), 'count', default=None))
-        return count
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_thumbnails(data, *path_list, final_key='thumbnails'):
-        """
-        Extract thumbnails from thumbnails dict
-        @param path_list: path list to level that contains 'thumbnails' key
-        """
-        thumbnails = []
-        for path in path_list or [()]:
-            for thumbnail in traverse_obj(data, (*variadic(path), final_key, ...)):
-                thumbnail_url = url_or_none(thumbnail.get('url'))
-                if not thumbnail_url:
-                    continue
-                # Sometimes youtube gives a wrong thumbnail URL. See:
-                # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/233
-                # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28023
-                if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url:
-                    thumbnail_url = thumbnail_url.split('?')[0]
-                thumbnails.append({
-                    'url': thumbnail_url,
-                    'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
-                    'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
-                })
-        return thumbnails
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def extract_relative_time(relative_time_text):
-        """
-        Extracts a relative time from string and converts to dt object
-        e.g. 'streamed 6 days ago', '5 seconds ago (edited)', 'updated today', '8 yr ago'
-        """
-
-        # XXX: this could be moved to a general function in utils/_utils.py
-        # The relative time text strings are roughly the same as what
-        # Javascript's Intl.RelativeTimeFormat function generates.
-        # See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/RelativeTimeFormat
-        mobj = re.search(
-            r'(?P<start>today|yesterday|now)|(?P<time>\d+)\s*(?P<unit>sec(?:ond)?|s|min(?:ute)?|h(?:our|r)?|d(?:ay)?|w(?:eek|k)?|mo(?:nth)?|y(?:ear|r)?)s?\s*ago',
-            relative_time_text)
-        if mobj:
-            start = mobj.group('start')
-            if start:
-                return datetime_from_str(start)
-            try:
-                return datetime_from_str('now-{}{}'.format(mobj.group('time'), mobj.group('unit')))
-            except ValueError:
-                return None
-
-    def _parse_time_text(self, text):
-        if not text:
-            return
-        dt_ = self.extract_relative_time(text)
-        timestamp = None
-        if isinstance(dt_, dt.datetime):
-            timestamp = calendar.timegm(dt_.timetuple())
-
-        if timestamp is None:
-            timestamp = (
-                unified_timestamp(text) or unified_timestamp(
-                    self._search_regex(
-                        (r'([a-z]+\s*\d{1,2},?\s*20\d{2})', r'(?:.+|^)(?:live|premieres|ed|ing)(?:\s*(?:on|for))?\s*(.+\d)'),
-                        text.lower(), 'time text', default=None)))
-
-        if text and timestamp is None and self._preferred_lang in (None, 'en'):
-            self.report_warning(
-                f'Cannot parse localized time text "{text}"', only_once=True)
-        return timestamp
-
-    def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers=None,
-                          ytcfg=None, check_get_keys=None, ep='browse', fatal=True, api_hostname=None,
-                          default_client='web'):
-        raise_for_incomplete = bool(self._configuration_arg('raise_incomplete_data', ie_key=YoutubeIE))
-        # Incomplete Data should be a warning by default when retries are exhausted, while other errors should be fatal.
-        icd_retries = iter(self.RetryManager(fatal=raise_for_incomplete))
-        icd_rm = next(icd_retries)
-        main_retries = iter(self.RetryManager())
-        main_rm = next(main_retries)
-        # Manual retry loop for multiple RetryManagers
-        # The proper RetryManager MUST be advanced after an error
-        # and its result MUST be checked if the manager is non fatal
-        while True:
-            try:
-                response = self._call_api(
-                    ep=ep, fatal=True, headers=headers,
-                    video_id=item_id, query=query, note=note,
-                    context=self._extract_context(ytcfg, default_client),
-                    api_hostname=api_hostname, default_client=default_client)
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                if not isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
-                    return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
-                elif not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
-                    main_rm.error = e
-                    next(main_retries)
-                    continue
-
-                first_bytes = e.cause.response.read(512)
-                if not is_html(first_bytes):
-                    yt_error = try_get(
-                        self._parse_json(
-                            self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, None, item_id, prefix=first_bytes) or '{}', item_id, fatal=False),
-                        lambda x: x['error']['message'], str)
-                    if yt_error:
-                        self._report_alerts([('ERROR', yt_error)], fatal=False)
-                # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
-                # Sometimes a 404 is also received. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
-                # We also want to catch all other network exceptions since errors in later pages can be troublesome
-                # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/507#issuecomment-880188210
-                if e.cause.status not in (403, 429):
-                    main_rm.error = e
-                    next(main_retries)
-                    continue
-                return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
-
-            try:
-                self._extract_and_report_alerts(response, only_once=True)
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                # YouTube's servers may return errors we want to retry on in a 200 OK response
-                # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/839
-                if 'unknown error' in e.msg.lower():
-                    main_rm.error = e
-                    next(main_retries)
-                    continue
-                return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
-            # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
-            # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
-            if not traverse_obj(response, *variadic(check_get_keys)):
-                icd_rm.error = ExtractorError('Incomplete data received', expected=True)
-                should_retry = next(icd_retries, None)
-                if not should_retry:
-                    return None
-                continue
-
-            return response
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def is_music_url(url):
-        return re.match(r'(https?://)?music\.youtube\.com/', url) is not None
-
-    def _extract_video(self, renderer):
-        video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
-
-        reel_header_renderer = traverse_obj(renderer, (
-            'navigationEndpoint', 'reelWatchEndpoint', 'overlay', 'reelPlayerOverlayRenderer',
-            'reelPlayerHeaderSupportedRenderers', 'reelPlayerHeaderRenderer'))
-
-        title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title', 'headline') or self._get_text(reel_header_renderer, 'reelTitleText')
-        description = self._get_text(renderer, 'descriptionSnippet')
-
-        duration = int_or_none(renderer.get('lengthSeconds'))
-        if duration is None:
-            duration = parse_duration(self._get_text(
-                renderer, 'lengthText', ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'text')))
-        if duration is None:
-            # XXX: should write a parser to be more general to support more cases (e.g. shorts in shorts tab)
-            duration = parse_duration(self._search_regex(
-                r'(?i)(ago)(?!.*\1)\s+(?P<duration>[a-z0-9 ,]+?)(?:\s+[\d,]+\s+views)?(?:\s+-\s+play\s+short)?$',
-                traverse_obj(renderer, ('title', 'accessibility', 'accessibilityData', 'label'), default='', expected_type=str),
-                video_id, default=None, group='duration'))
-
-        channel_id = traverse_obj(
-            renderer, ('shortBylineText', 'runs', ..., 'navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId'),
-            expected_type=str, get_all=False)
-        if not channel_id:
-            channel_id = traverse_obj(reel_header_renderer, ('channelNavigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId'))
-
-        channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(channel_id)
-
-        overlay_style = traverse_obj(
-            renderer, ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'style'),
-            get_all=False, expected_type=str)
-        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(renderer, 'badges'))
-        owner_badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(renderer, 'ownerBadges'))
-        navigation_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', traverse_obj(
-            renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
-            expected_type=str)) or ''
-        url = f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}'
-        if overlay_style == 'SHORTS' or '/shorts/' in navigation_url:
-            url = f'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/{video_id}'
-
-        time_text = (self._get_text(renderer, 'publishedTimeText', 'videoInfo')
-                     or self._get_text(reel_header_renderer, 'timestampText') or '')
-        scheduled_timestamp = str_to_int(traverse_obj(renderer, ('upcomingEventData', 'startTime'), get_all=False))
-
-        live_status = (
-            'is_upcoming' if scheduled_timestamp is not None
-            else 'was_live' if 'streamed' in time_text.lower()
-            else 'is_live' if overlay_style == 'LIVE' or self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.LIVE_NOW)
-            else None)
-
-        # videoInfo is a string like '50K views • 10 years ago'.
-        view_count_text = self._get_text(renderer, 'viewCountText', 'shortViewCountText', 'videoInfo') or ''
-        view_count = (0 if 'no views' in view_count_text.lower()
-                      else self._get_count({'simpleText': view_count_text}))
-        view_count_field = 'concurrent_view_count' if live_status in ('is_live', 'is_upcoming') else 'view_count'
-
-        channel = (self._get_text(renderer, 'ownerText', 'shortBylineText')
-                   or self._get_text(reel_header_renderer, 'channelTitleText'))
-
-        channel_handle = traverse_obj(renderer, (
-            'shortBylineText', 'runs', ..., 'navigationEndpoint',
-            (('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'))),
-            expected_type=self.handle_from_url, get_all=False)
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url',
-            'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
-            'id': video_id,
-            'url': url,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': description,
-            'duration': duration,
-            'channel_id': channel_id,
-            'channel': channel,
-            'channel_url': f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}' if channel_id else None,
-            'uploader': channel,
-            'uploader_id': channel_handle,
-            'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
-            'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail'),
-            'timestamp': (self._parse_time_text(time_text)
-                          if self._configuration_arg('approximate_date', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE)
-                          else None),
-            'release_timestamp': scheduled_timestamp,
-            'availability':
-                'public' if self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC)
-                else self._availability(
-                    is_private=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE) or None,
-                    needs_premium=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM) or None,
-                    needs_subscription=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION) or None,
-                    is_unlisted=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED) or None),
-            view_count_field: view_count,
-            'live_status': live_status,
-            'channel_is_verified': True if self._has_badge(owner_badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED) else None,
-        }
-
-
-class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)^
-                     (
-                         (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
-                         (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com|
-                            (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com|
-                            (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com|
-                            (?:www\.)?hooktube\.com|
-                            (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com|
-                            tube\.majestyc\.net|
-                            {invidious}|
-                            youtube\.googleapis\.com)/                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
-                         (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
-                         (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
-                             (?:(?:v|embed|e|shorts|live)/(?!videoseries|live_stream))  # v/ or embed/ or e/ or shorts/
-                             |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
-                                 (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
-                                 (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
-                                 (?:.*?[&;])??                                # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx or ?s=tuff&amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY)
-                                 v=
-                             )
-                         ))
-                         |(?:
-                            youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
-                            vid\.plus|                                        # or vid.plus/xxxx
-                            zwearz\.com/watch|                                # or zwearz.com/watch/xxxx
-                            {invidious}
-                         )/
-                         |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
-                         )
-                     )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
-                     (?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{{11}})                              # here is it! the YouTube video ID
-                     (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
-                     (?:\#|$)'''.format(
-        invidious='|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
-    )
-    _EMBED_REGEX = [
-        r'''(?x)
-            (?:
-                <(?:[0-9A-Za-z-]+?)?iframe[^>]+?src=|
-                data-video-url=|
-                <embed[^>]+?src=|
-                embedSWF\(?:\s*|
-                <object[^>]+data=|
-                new\s+SWFObject\(
-            )
-            (["\'])
-                (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
-                (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
-            \1''',
-        # https://wordpress.org/plugins/lazy-load-for-videos/
-        r'''(?xs)
-            <a\s[^>]*\bhref="(?P<url>https://www\.youtube\.com/watch\?v=[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})"
-            \s[^>]*\bclass="[^"]*\blazy-load-youtube''',
-    ]
-    _RETURN_TYPE = 'video'  # XXX: How to handle multifeed?
-
-    _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
-        r'/s/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player',
-        r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player(?:_ias\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?|-plasma-ias-(?:phone|tablet)-[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]{2}\.vflset)/base\.js$',
-        r'\b(?P<id>vfl[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\b.*?\.js$',
-    )
-    _formats = {  # NB: Used in YoutubeWebArchiveIE and GoogleDriveIE
-        '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
-        '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
-        '13': {'ext': '3gp', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
-        '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
-        '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 96, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        # itag 36 videos are either 320x180 (BaW_jenozKc) or 320x240 (__2ABJjxzNo), abr varies as well
-        '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
-        '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-
-
-        # 3D videos
-        '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
-        '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
-        '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
-        '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
-        '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
-        '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
-        '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
-
-        # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
-        '91': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
-        '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
-        '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
-        '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
-        '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
-        '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
-        '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
-        '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
-
-        # DASH mp4 video
-        '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
-        '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '212': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-        '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
-        '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
-        '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
-
-        # Dash mp4 audio
-        '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
-        '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
-        '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
-        '256': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
-        '258': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
-        '325': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'dtse', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
-        '328': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'ec-3', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
-
-        # Dash webm
-        '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
-        '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        # itag 272 videos are either 3840x2160 (e.g. RtoitU2A-3E) or 7680x4320 (sLprVF6d7Ug)
-        '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
-        '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
-        '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
-        '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
-        '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
-
-        # Dash webm audio
-        '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128},
-        '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256},
-
-        # Dash webm audio with opus inside
-        '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50},
-        '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70},
-        '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160},
-
-        # RTMP (unnamed)
-        '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
-
-        # av01 video only formats sometimes served with "unknown" codecs
-        '394': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.00M.08'},
-        '395': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.00M.08'},
-        '396': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.01M.08'},
-        '397': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.04M.08'},
-        '398': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
-        '399': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.08M.08'},
-        '400': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
-        '401': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
-    }
-    _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
-    _POTOKEN_EXPERIMENTS = ('51217476', '51217102')
-    _BROKEN_CLIENTS = {
-        short_client_name(client): client
-        for client in ('android', 'android_creator', 'android_music')
-    }
-    _DEFAULT_CLIENTS = ('ios', 'web_creator')
-
-    _GEO_BYPASS = False
-
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube'
-    _TESTS = [
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&t=1s&end=9',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
-                'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
-                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
-                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
-                'upload_date': '20121002',
-                'description': 'md5:8fb536f4877b8a7455c2ec23794dbc22',
-                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
-                'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
-                'duration': 10,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'like_count': int,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BaW_jenozKc/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'start_time': 1,
-                'end_time': 9,
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PhilippHagemeister',
-                'uploader_id': '@PhilippHagemeister',
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1349198244,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
-            'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'upload_date': '20120608',
-                'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
-                'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
-                'age_limit': 18,
-            },
-            'skip': 'Private video',
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
-            'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
-                'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
-                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
-                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
-                'upload_date': '20121002',
-                'description': 'md5:8fb536f4877b8a7455c2ec23794dbc22',
-                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
-                'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
-                'duration': 10,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'like_count': int,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BaW_jenozKc/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PhilippHagemeister',
-                'uploader_id': '@PhilippHagemeister',
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1349198244,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
-            'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
-                'ext': 'm4a',
-                'upload_date': '20121002',
-                'description': '',
-                'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
-                'format': '141',
-            },
-            'skip': 'format 141 not served anymore',
-        },
-        # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
-                'ext': 'm4a',
-                'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
-                'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
-                'duration': 244,
-                'upload_date': '20131011',
-                'abr': 129.495,
-                'like_count': int,
-                'channel_id': 'UChuZAo1RKL85gev3Eal9_zg',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChuZAo1RKL85gev3Eal9_zg',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'track': 'The Spark',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/IB3lcPjvWLA/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'channel': 'Afrojack',
-                'tags': 'count:19',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'categories': ['Music'],
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'alt_title': 'The Spark',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Afrojack',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Afrojack',
-                'uploader_id': '@Afrojack',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
-                'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
-            },
-        },
-        # Age-gate videos. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/575#issuecomment-888837000
-        {
-            'note': 'Embed allowed age-gate video',
-            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
-                'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
-                'duration': 142,
-                'upload_date': '20140605',
-                'age_limit': 18,
-                'categories': ['Gaming'],
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/HtVdAasjOgU/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'availability': 'needs_auth',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzybXLxv08IApdjdN0mJhEg',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'channel': 'The Witcher',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'tags': 'count:17',
-                'channel_id': 'UCzybXLxv08IApdjdN0mJhEg',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'The Witcher',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@thewitcher',
-                'uploader_id': '@thewitcher',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1401991663,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'note': 'Age-gate video with embed allowed in public site',
-            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HsUATh_Nc2U',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'HsUATh_Nc2U',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Godzilla 2 (Official Video)',
-                'description': 'md5:bf77e03fcae5529475e500129b05668a',
-                'upload_date': '20200408',
-                'age_limit': 18,
-                'availability': 'needs_auth',
-                'channel_id': 'UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
-                'channel': 'FlyingKitty',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'tags': ['Flyingkitty', 'godzilla 2'],
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HsUATh_Nc2U/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'duration': 177,
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'FlyingKitty',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@FlyingKitty900',
-                'uploader_id': '@FlyingKitty900',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'note': 'Age-gate video embedable only with clientScreen=EMBED',
-            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=Tq92D6wQ1mg',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'Tq92D6wQ1mg',
-                'title': '[MMD] Adios - EVERGLOW [+Motion DL]',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'upload_date': '20191228',
-                'description': 'md5:17eccca93a786d51bc67646756894066',
-                'age_limit': 18,
-                'like_count': int,
-                'availability': 'needs_auth',
-                'channel_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/Tq92D6wQ1mg/sddefault.webp',
-                'channel': 'Projekt Melody',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'tags': ['mmd', 'dance', 'mikumikudance', 'kpop', 'vtuber'],
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-                'duration': 106,
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ProjektMelody',
-                'uploader_id': '@ProjektMelody',
-                'timestamp': 1577508724,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'note': 'Non-Agegated non-embeddable video',
-            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=MeJVWBSsPAY',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'MeJVWBSsPAY',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'OOMPH! - Such Mich Find Mich (Lyrics)',
-                'description': 'Fan Video. Music & Lyrics by OOMPH!.',
-                'upload_date': '20130730',
-                'track': 'Such mich find mich',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'tags': ['oomph', 'such mich find mich', 'lyrics', 'german industrial', 'musica industrial'],
-                'like_count': int,
-                'playable_in_embed': False,
-                'creator': 'OOMPH!',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/MeJVWBSsPAY/sddefault.jpg',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'alt_title': 'Such mich find mich',
-                'duration': 210,
-                'channel': 'Herr Lurik',
-                'channel_id': 'UCdR3RSDPqub28LjZx0v9-aA',
-                'categories': ['Music'],
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdR3RSDPqub28LjZx0v9-aA',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'artist': 'OOMPH!',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Herr Lurik',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@HerrLurik',
-                'uploader_id': '@HerrLurik',
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'note': 'Non-bypassable age-gated video',
-            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=Cr381pDsSsA',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        # video_info is None (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
-        # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
-        {
-            'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'duration': 266,
-                'upload_date': '20100430',
-                'creator': 'deadmau5',
-                'description': 'md5:6cbcd3a92ce1bc676fc4d6ab4ace2336',
-                'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
-                'alt_title': 'Some Chords',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'tags': 'count:14',
-                'channel_id': 'UCYEK6xds6eo-3tr4xRdflmQ',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel': 'deadmau5',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/__2ABJjxzNo/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'track': 'Some Chords',
-                'artist': 'deadmau5',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYEK6xds6eo-3tr4xRdflmQ',
-                'categories': ['Music'],
-                'album': 'Some Chords',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'deadmau5',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@deadmau5',
-                'uploader_id': '@deadmau5',
-            },
-            'expected_warnings': [
-                'DASH manifest missing',
-            ],
-        },
-        # Olympics (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
-        {
-            'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'duration': 6085,
-                'upload_date': '20150827',
-                'description': 'md5:04bbbf3ccceb6795947572ca36f45904',
-                'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'release_timestamp': 1343767800,
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'categories': ['Sports'],
-                'release_date': '20120731',
-                'channel': 'Olympics',
-                'tags': ['Hockey', '2012-07-31', '31 July 2012', 'Riverbank Arena', 'Session', 'Olympics', 'Olympic Games', 'London 2012', '2012 Summer Olympics', 'Summer Games'],
-                'channel_id': 'UCTl3QQTvqHFjurroKxexy2Q',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/lqQg6PlCWgI/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'live_status': 'was_live',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTl3QQTvqHFjurroKxexy2Q',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Olympics',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Olympics',
-                'uploader_id': '@Olympics',
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'timestamp': 1440707674,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
-            },
-        },
-        # Non-square pixels
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
-                'duration': 85,
-                'upload_date': '20110310',
-                'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
-                'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel': '孫ᄋᄅ',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'tags': 'count:11',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCS-xxCmRaA6BFdmgDPA_BIw',
-                'channel_id': 'UCS-xxCmRaA6BFdmgDPA_BIw',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_b-2C3KPAM0/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
-                'like_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'availability': 'unlisted',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AllenMeow',
-                'uploader_id': '@AllenMeow',
-                'timestamp': 1299776999,
-            },
-        },
-        # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
-        {
-            'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
-                'ext': 'webm',
-                'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
-                'description': '',
-                'upload_date': '20150404',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
-            },
-            'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
-        },
-        # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
-                'ext': 'webm',
-                'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
-                'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
-                'duration': 220,
-                'upload_date': '20150625',
-                'formats': 'mincount:31',
-            },
-            'skip': 'not actual anymore',
-        },
-        # DASH manifest with segment_list
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
-            'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
-                'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
-                'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
-                'format': '135',  # bestvideo
-            },
-            'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
-        },
-        {
-            # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL can be of any Camera
-            # TODO: fix multifeed titles
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaPI8MvL8pg',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'zaPI8MvL8pg',
-                'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04',
-                'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
-            },
-            'playlist': [{
-                'info_dict': {
-                    'id': 'j5yGuxZ8lLU',
-                    'ext': 'mp4',
-                    'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04 (Chris)',
-                    'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
-                    'duration': 10120,
-                    'channel_follower_count': int,
-                    'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
-                    'availability': 'public',
-                    'playable_in_embed': True,
-                    'upload_date': '20131105',
-                    'categories': ['Gaming'],
-                    'live_status': 'was_live',
-                    'tags': 'count:24',
-                    'release_timestamp': 1383701910,
-                    'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/j5yGuxZ8lLU/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                    'comment_count': int,
-                    'age_limit': 0,
-                    'like_count': int,
-                    'channel_id': 'UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
-                    'channel': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
-                    'view_count': int,
-                    'release_date': '20131106',
-                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
-                    'uploader_id': '@WLTP',
-                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WLTP',
-                },
-            }, {
-                'info_dict': {
-                    'id': 'zaPI8MvL8pg',
-                    'ext': 'mp4',
-                    'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04 (Tyson)',
-                    'availability': 'public',
-                    'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
-                    'channel': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
-                    'channel_follower_count': int,
-                    'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
-                    'duration': 10108,
-                    'age_limit': 0,
-                    'like_count': int,
-                    'tags': 'count:24',
-                    'channel_id': 'UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
-                    'release_timestamp': 1383701915,
-                    'comment_count': int,
-                    'upload_date': '20131105',
-                    'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zaPI8MvL8pg/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                    'release_date': '20131106',
-                    'playable_in_embed': True,
-                    'live_status': 'was_live',
-                    'categories': ['Gaming'],
-                    'view_count': int,
-                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
-                    'uploader_id': '@WLTP',
-                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WLTP',
-                },
-            }, {
-                'info_dict': {
-                    'id': 'R7r3vfO7Hao',
-                    'ext': 'mp4',
-                    'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04 (Spencer)',
-                    'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/R7r3vfO7Hao/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                    'channel_id': 'UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
-                    'like_count': int,
-                    'availability': 'public',
-                    'playable_in_embed': True,
-                    'upload_date': '20131105',
-                    'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
-                    'channel_follower_count': int,
-                    'tags': 'count:24',
-                    'release_date': '20131106',
-                    'comment_count': int,
-                    'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
-                    'channel': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
-                    'categories': ['Gaming'],
-                    'release_timestamp': 1383701914,
-                    'live_status': 'was_live',
-                    'age_limit': 0,
-                    'duration': 10128,
-                    'view_count': int,
-                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
-                    'uploader_id': '@WLTP',
-                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WLTP',
-                },
-            }],
-            'params': {'skip_download': True},
-            'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
-        },
-        {
-            # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfLd0zydlo',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'gVfLd0zydlo',
-                'title': 'DevConf.cz 2016 Day 2 Workshops 1 14:00 - 15:30',
-            },
-            'playlist_count': 2,
-            'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://zwearz.com/watch/9lWxNJF-ufM/electra-woman-dyna-girl-official-trailer-grace-helbig.html',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
-            # Also tests cut-off URL expansion in video description (see
-            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1892,
-            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8164)
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
-                'alt_title': 'Dark Walk',
-                'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
-                'duration': 133,
-                'upload_date': '20151119',
-                'creator': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
-                'track': 'Dark Walk',
-                'artist': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
-                'album': 'Position Music - Production Music Vol. 143 - Dark Walk',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/lsguqyKfVQg/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'categories': ['Film & Animation'],
-                'view_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTSRgz5jylBvFt_S7wnsqLQ',
-                'channel_id': 'UCTSRgz5jylBvFt_S7wnsqLQ',
-                'tags': 'count:13',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'channel': 'IronSoulElf',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'like_count': int,
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
-                'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
-                'upload_date': '20151107',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-            'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
-        },
-        {
-            # Video with incomplete 'yt:stretch=16:'
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRhJzUSJbGI',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # Video licensed under Creative Commons
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'M4gD1WSo5mA',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'md5:e41008789470fc2533a3252216f1c1d1',
-                'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
-                'duration': 721,
-                'upload_date': '20150128',
-                'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
-                'channel_id': 'UCuLGmD72gJDBwmLw06X58SA',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuLGmD72gJDBwmLw06X58SA',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'tags': ['Copyright (Legal Subject)', 'Law (Industry)', 'William W. Fisher (Author)'],
-                'channel': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'categories': ['Education'],
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/M4gD1WSo5mA/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'chapters': list,
-                'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
-                'uploader_id': '@BKCHarvard',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BKCHarvard',
-                'timestamp': 1422422076,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Democratic Socialism and Foreign Policy | Bernie Sanders',
-                'description': 'md5:13a2503d7b5904ef4b223aa101628f39',
-                'duration': 4060,
-                'upload_date': '20151120',
-                'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'tags': 'count:12',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'channel_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'categories': ['News & Politics'],
-                'channel': 'Bernie Sanders',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/eQcmzGIKrzg/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'chapters': list,
-                'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BernieSanders',
-                'uploader_id': '@BernieSanders',
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1447987198,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # YouTube Red paid video (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10059)
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1Ko8UG-Tdo',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # Rental video preview
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'uGpuVWrhIzE',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
-                'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
-                'upload_date': '20150811',
-                'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-            'skip': 'This video is not available.',
-        },
-        {
-            # YouTube Red video with episode data
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqKdEhx-dD4',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'iqKdEhx-dD4',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Isolation - Mind Field (Ep 1)',
-                'description': 'md5:f540112edec5d09fc8cc752d3d4ba3cd',
-                'duration': 2085,
-                'upload_date': '20170118',
-                'series': 'Mind Field',
-                'season_number': 1,
-                'episode_number': 1,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/iqKdEhx-dD4/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'tags': 'count:12',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'channel': 'Vsauce',
-                'episode': 'Episode 1',
-                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-                'season': 'Season 1',
-                'channel_id': 'UC6nSFpj9HTCZ5t-N3Rm3-HA',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6nSFpj9HTCZ5t-N3Rm3-HA',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Vsauce',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Vsauce',
-                'uploader_id': '@Vsauce',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'timestamp': 1484761047,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-            'expected_warnings': [
-                'Skipping DASH manifest',
-            ],
-        },
-        {
-            # The following content has been identified by the YouTube community
-            # as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SJNVb0GnPI',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '6SJNVb0GnPI',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Race Differences in Intelligence',
-                'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
-                'duration': 965,
-                'upload_date': '20140124',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-            'skip': 'This video has been removed for violating YouTube\'s policy on hate speech.',
-        },
-        {
-            # itag 212
-            'url': '1t24XAntNCY',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # geo restricted to JP
-            'url': 'sJL6WA-aGkQ',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://invidio.us/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://redirect.invidious.io/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # from https://nitter.pussthecat.org/YouTube/status/1360363141947944964#m
-            'url': 'https://redirect.invidious.io/Yh0AhrY9GjA',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # DRM protected
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7_qI6_mIXc',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # Video with unsupported adaptive stream type formats
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Vy8R84T1U',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'Z4Vy8R84T1U',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'saman SMAN 53 Jakarta(Sancety) opening COFFEE4th at SMAN 53 Jakarta',
-                'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
-                'duration': 433,
-                'upload_date': '20130923',
-                'formats': 'maxcount:10',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': False,
-            },
-            'skip': 'not actual anymore',
-        },
-        {
-            # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
-            # TODO: fix metadata extraction
-            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'MgNrAu2pzNs',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Voyeur Girl',
-                'description': 'md5:7ae382a65843d6df2685993e90a8628f',
-                'upload_date': '20190312',
-                'artists': ['Stephen'],
-                'creators': ['Stephen'],
-                'track': 'Voyeur Girl',
-                'album': 'it\'s too much love to know my dear',
-                'release_date': '20190313',
-                'alt_title': 'Voyeur Girl',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'like_count': int,
-                'categories': ['Music'],
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
-                'channel': 'Stephen',  # TODO: should be "Stephen - Topic"
-                'uploader': 'Stephen',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'duration': 169,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/MgNrAu2pzNs/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'channel_id': 'UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
-                'tags': 'count:11',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=3b8nCWDgZ6Q',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # invalid -> valid video id redirection
-            'url': 'DJztXj2GPfl',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'DJztXj2GPfk',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Panjabi MC - Mundian To Bach Ke (The Dictator Soundtrack)',
-                'description': 'md5:bf577a41da97918e94fa9798d9228825',
-                'upload_date': '20090125',
-                'artist': 'Panjabi MC',
-                'track': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian to Bach Ke) - Motivo Hi-Lectro Remix',
-                'album': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach Ke)',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-            'skip': 'Video unavailable',
-        },
-        {
-            # empty description results in an empty string
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x41yOUIvK2k',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'x41yOUIvK2k',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'IMG 3456',
-                'description': '',
-                'upload_date': '20170613',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/x41yOUIvK2k/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'channel_id': 'UCo03ZQPBW5U4UC3regpt1nw',
-                'tags': [],
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCo03ZQPBW5U4UC3regpt1nw',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'categories': ['Pets & Animals'],
-                'duration': 7,
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel': 'l\'Or Vert asbl',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'l\'Or Vert asbl',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ElevageOrVert',
-                'uploader_id': '@ElevageOrVert',
-                'timestamp': 1497343210,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            # with '};' inside yt initial data (see [1])
-            # see [2] for an example with '};' inside ytInitialPlayerResponse
-            # 1. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/27093
-            # 2. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/27216
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHqg6qOn4no',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'CHqg6qOn4no',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Part 77   Sort a list of simple types in c#',
-                'description': 'md5:b8746fa52e10cdbf47997903f13b20dc',
-                'upload_date': '20130831',
-                'channel_id': 'UCCTVrRB5KpIiK6V2GGVsR1Q',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCTVrRB5KpIiK6V2GGVsR1Q',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'categories': ['Education'],
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/CHqg6qOn4no/sddefault.jpg',
-                'tags': 'count:12',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'duration': 522,
-                'channel': 'kudvenkat',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'chapters': list,
-                'uploader': 'kudvenkat',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Csharp-video-tutorialsBlogspot',
-                'uploader_id': '@Csharp-video-tutorialsBlogspot',
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1377976349,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            # another example of '};' in ytInitialData
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfgbahppCY',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=63RmMXCd_bQ',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/28094
-            'url': 'OtqTfy26tG0',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'OtqTfy26tG0',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Burn Out',
-                'description': 'md5:8d07b84dcbcbfb34bc12a56d968b6131',
-                'upload_date': '20141120',
-                'artist': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
-                'track': 'Burn Out',
-                'album': 'Every Day',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'alt_title': 'Burn Out',
-                'duration': 614,
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
-                'creator': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
-                'channel': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
-                'tags': ['The Cinematic Orchestra', 'Every Day', 'Burn Out'],
-                'channel_id': 'UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OtqTfy26tG0/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'categories': ['Music'],
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
-                'comment_count': int,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            # controversial video, only works with bpctr when authenticated with cookies
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGC3D_FkCmg',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        },
-        {
-            # controversial video, requires bpctr/contentCheckOk
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZJvDhaSDnc',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'SZJvDhaSDnc',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'San Diego teen commits suicide after bullying over embarrassing video',
-                'channel_id': 'UC-SJ6nODDmufqBzPBwCvYvQ',
-                'upload_date': '20140716',
-                'description': 'md5:acde3a73d3f133fc97e837a9f76b53b7',
-                'duration': 170,
-                'categories': ['News & Politics'],
-                'view_count': int,
-                'channel': 'CBS Mornings',
-                'tags': ['suicide', 'bullying', 'video', 'cbs', 'news'],
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SZJvDhaSDnc/hqdefault.jpg',
-                'age_limit': 18,
-                'availability': 'needs_auth',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-SJ6nODDmufqBzPBwCvYvQ',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'CBS Mornings',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@CBSMornings',
-                'uploader_id': '@CBSMornings',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'timestamp': 1405513526,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            # restricted location, https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28685
-            'url': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': '4K Ueno Okachimachi  Street  Scenes  上野御徒町歩き',
-                'description': 'md5:ea770e474b7cd6722b4c95b833c03630',
-                'upload_date': '20201120',
-                'duration': 1456,
-                'categories': ['Travel & Events'],
-                'channel_id': 'UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'channel': 'Walk around Japan',
-                'tags': ['Ueno Tokyo', 'Okachimachi Tokyo', 'Ameyoko Street', 'Tokyo attraction', 'Travel in Tokyo'],
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/cBvYw8_A0vQ/hqdefault.jpg',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Walk around Japan',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@walkaroundjapan7124',
-                'uploader_id': '@walkaroundjapan7124',
-                'timestamp': 1605884416,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        }, {
-            # Has multiple audio streams
-            'url': 'WaOKSUlf4TM',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        }, {
-            # Requires Premium: has format 141 when requested using YTM url
-            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=XclachpHxis',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        }, {
-            # multiple subtitles with same lang_code
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsQiKKfKxug',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        }, {
-            # Force use android client fallback
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOelRv7fMxY',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'YOelRv7fMxY',
-                'title': 'DIGGING A SECRET TUNNEL Part 1',
-                'ext': '3gp',
-                'upload_date': '20210624',
-                'channel_id': 'UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
-                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
-                'description': 'md5:5d5991195d599b56cd0c4148907eec50',
-                'duration': 596,
-                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-                'view_count': int,
-                'channel': 'colinfurze',
-                'tags': ['Colin', 'furze', 'Terry', 'tunnel', 'underground', 'bunker'],
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YOelRv7fMxY/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'chapters': list,
-                'uploader': 'colinfurze',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@colinfurze',
-                'uploader_id': '@colinfurze',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'format': '17',  # 3gp format available on android
-                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['android']}},
-            },
-            'skip': 'android client broken',
-        },
-        {
-            # Skip download of additional client configs (remix client config in this case)
-            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
-            'only_matching': True,
-            'params': {
-                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_skip': ['configs']}},
-            },
-        }, {
-            # shorts
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/BGQWPY4IigY',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        }, {
-            'note': 'Storyboards',
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KLPxDtMqe8',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '5KLPxDtMqe8',
-                'ext': 'mhtml',
-                'format_id': 'sb0',
-                'title': 'Your Brain is Plastic',
-                'description': 'md5:89cd86034bdb5466cd87c6ba206cd2bc',
-                'upload_date': '20140324',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'channel_id': 'UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5KLPxDtMqe8/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'tags': 'count:12',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'channel': 'SciShow',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'duration': 248,
-                'categories': ['Education'],
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'chapters': list,
-                'uploader': 'SciShow',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@SciShow',
-                'uploader_id': '@SciShow',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1395685455,
-            }, 'params': {'format': 'mhtml', 'skip_download': True},
-        }, {
-            # Ensure video upload_date is in UTC timezone (video was uploaded 1641170939)
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NUZ8W2llS4',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '2NUZ8W2llS4',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'The NP that test your phone performance 🙂',
-                'description': 'md5:144494b24d4f9dfacb97c1bbef5de84d',
-                'channel_id': 'UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
-                'duration': 21,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'categories': ['Gaming'],
-                'tags': 'count:23',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'upload_date': '20220103',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'channel': 'Leon Nguyen',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/2NUZ8W2llS4/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Leon Nguyen',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@LeonNguyen',
-                'uploader_id': '@LeonNguyen',
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1641170939,
-            },
-        }, {
-            # date text is premiered video, ensure upload date in UTC (published 1641172509)
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzZzzBU6lrM',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'mzZzzBU6lrM',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'I Met GeorgeNotFound In Real Life...',
-                'description': 'md5:978296ec9783a031738b684d4ebf302d',
-                'channel_id': 'UC_8NknAFiyhOUaZqHR3lq3Q',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_8NknAFiyhOUaZqHR3lq3Q',
-                'duration': 955,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-                'tags': 'count:26',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'release_timestamp': 1641172509,
-                'release_date': '20220103',
-                'upload_date': '20220103',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'channel': 'Quackity',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mzZzzBU6lrM/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Quackity',
-                'uploader_id': '@Quackity',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Quackity',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1641172509,
-            },
-        },
-        {   # continuous livestream.
-            # Upload date was 2022-07-12T05:12:29-07:00, while stream start is 2022-07-12T15:59:30+00:00
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfKfPfyJRdk',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'jfKfPfyJRdk',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'channel_id': 'UCSJ4gkVC6NrvII8umztf0Ow',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Lofi Girl',
-                'categories': ['Music'],
-                'concurrent_view_count': int,
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'timestamp': 1657627949,
-                'release_date': '20220712',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSJ4gkVC6NrvII8umztf0Ow',
-                'description': 'md5:13a6f76df898f5674f9127139f3df6f7',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jfKfPfyJRdk/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'release_timestamp': 1657641570,
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@LofiGirl',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'title': r're:^lofi hip hop radio 📚 - beats to relax/study to',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'is_live',
-                'tags': 'count:32',
-                'channel': 'Lofi Girl',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'upload_date': '20220712',
-                'uploader_id': '@LofiGirl',
-            },
-            'params': {'skip_download': True},
-        }, {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjjjtzRLHvA',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'tjjjtzRLHvA',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'ハッシュタグ無し };if window.ytcsi',
-                'upload_date': '20220323',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'availability': 'unlisted',
-                'channel': 'Lesmiscore',
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'categories': ['Music'],
-                'view_count': int,
-                'description': '',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdqltm_7iv1Vs6kp6Syke5A',
-                'channel_id': 'UCdqltm_7iv1Vs6kp6Syke5A',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'duration': 6,
-                'tags': [],
-                'uploader_id': '@lesmiscore',
-                'uploader': 'Lesmiscore',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lesmiscore',
-                'timestamp': 1648005313,
-            },
-        }, {
-            # Prefer primary title+description language metadata by default
-            # Do not prefer translated description if primary is empty
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el3E4MbxRqQ',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'el3E4MbxRqQ',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'dlp test video 2 - primary sv no desc',
-                'description': '',
-                'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-                'tags': [],
-                'view_count': int,
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'availability': 'unlisted',
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'duration': 5,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'upload_date': '20220908',
-                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
-                'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
-                'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
-                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-                'timestamp': 1662677394,
-            },
-            'params': {'skip_download': True},
-        }, {
-            # Extractor argument: prefer translated title+description
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gHKT4uU8Zng',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'gHKT4uU8Zng',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-                'tags': [],
-                'duration': 5,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-                'upload_date': '20220729',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
-                'title': 'dlp test video title translated (fr)',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'description': 'dlp test video description translated (fr)',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
-                'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
-                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-                'timestamp': 1659073275,
-                'like_count': int,
-            },
-            'params': {'skip_download': True, 'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['fr']}}},
-            'expected_warnings': [r'Preferring "fr" translated fields'],
-        }, {
-            'note': '6 channel audio',
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgdo7-RRjgo',
-            'only_matching': True,
-        }, {
-            'note': 'Multiple HLS formats with same itag',
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kX3nB4PpJko',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'kX3nB4PpJko',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-                'description': 'md5:e8031ff6e426cdb6a77670c9b81f6fa6',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'duration': 937,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/kX3nB4PpJko/maxresdefault.webp',
-                'title': 'Last To Take Hand Off Jet, Keeps It!',
-                'channel': 'MrBeast',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'upload_date': '20221112',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX6OQ3DkcsbYNE6H8uQQuVA',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'channel_id': 'UCX6OQ3DkcsbYNE6H8uQQuVA',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'tags': [],
-                'uploader': 'MrBeast',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@MrBeast',
-                'uploader_id': '@MrBeast',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-            },
-            'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['ios']}}, 'format': '233-1'},
-        }, {
-            'note': 'Audio formats with Dynamic Range Compression',
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tq92D6wQ1mg',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'Tq92D6wQ1mg',
-                'ext': 'webm',
-                'title': '[MMD] Adios - EVERGLOW [+Motion DL]',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
-                'channel_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'description': 'md5:17eccca93a786d51bc67646756894066',
-                'upload_date': '20191228',
-                'tags': ['mmd', 'dance', 'mikumikudance', 'kpop', 'vtuber'],
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'like_count': int,
-                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Tq92D6wQ1mg/sddefault.jpg',
-                'age_limit': 18,
-                'channel': 'Projekt Melody',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'availability': 'needs_auth',
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'duration': 106,
-                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
-                'uploader_id': '@ProjektMelody',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ProjektMelody',
-                'timestamp': 1577508724,
-            },
-            'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['tv_embedded']}}, 'format': '251-drc'},
-        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/live/qVv6vCqciTM',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'qVv6vCqciTM',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'chapters': 'count:13',
-                'upload_date': '20221223',
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qVv6vCqciTM/maxresdefault.jpg',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'release_date': '20221223',
-                'tags': ['Vtuber', '月ノ美兎', '名取さな', 'にじさんじ', 'クリスマス', '3D配信'],
-                'title': '【 #インターネット女クリスマス 】3Dで歌ってはしゃぐインターネットの女たち【月ノ美兎/名取さな】',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'duration': 4438,
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'channel_id': 'UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
-                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-                'live_status': 'was_live',
-                'release_timestamp': 1671793345,
-                'channel': 'さなちゃんねる',
-                'description': 'md5:6aebf95cc4a1d731aebc01ad6cc9806d',
-                'uploader': 'さなちゃんねる',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sana_natori',
-                'uploader_id': '@sana_natori',
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1671798112,
-            },
-        },
-        {
-            # Fallbacks when webpage and web client is unavailable
-            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSSmNUl9Snw',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'wSSmNUl9Snw',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                # 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
-                'view_count': int,
-                'chapters': 'count:2',
-                'channel': 'Scott Manley',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                # 'availability': 'public',
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'upload_date': '20170831',
-                'duration': 682,
-                'tags': 'count:8',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@scottmanley',
-                'description': 'md5:f4bed7b200404b72a394c2f97b782c02',
-                'uploader': 'Scott Manley',
-                'uploader_id': '@scottmanley',
-                'title': 'The Computer Hack That Saved Apollo 14',
-                'channel_id': 'UCxzC4EngIsMrPmbm6Nxvb-A',
-                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.webp',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxzC4EngIsMrPmbm6Nxvb-A',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['ios'], 'player_skip': ['webpage']}},
-            },
-        },
-    ]
-
-    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [
-        # YouTube <object> embed
-        {
-            'url': 'http://www.improbable.com/2017/04/03/untrained-modern-youths-and-ancient-masters-in-selfie-portraits/',
-            'md5': '873c81d308b979f0e23ee7e620b312a3',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': 'msN87y-iEx0',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Feynman: Mirrors FUN TO IMAGINE 6',
-                'upload_date': '20080526',
-                'description': 'md5:873c81d308b979f0e23ee7e620b312a3',
-                'age_limit': 0,
-                'tags': ['feynman', 'mirror', 'science', 'physics', 'imagination', 'fun', 'cool', 'puzzle'],
-                'channel_id': 'UCCeo--lls1vna5YJABWAcVA',
-                'playable_in_embed': True,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/msN87y-iEx0/hqdefault.jpg',
-                'like_count': int,
-                'comment_count': int,
-                'channel': 'Christopher Sykes',
-                'live_status': 'not_live',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCeo--lls1vna5YJABWAcVA',
-                'availability': 'public',
-                'duration': 195,
-                'view_count': int,
-                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'Christopher Sykes',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ChristopherSykesDocumentaries',
-                'uploader_id': '@ChristopherSykesDocumentaries',
-                'heatmap': 'count:100',
-                'timestamp': 1211825920,
-            },
-            'params': {
-                'skip_download': True,
-            },
-        },
-    ]
-
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        from ..utils import parse_qs
-
-        qs = parse_qs(url)
-        if qs.get('list', [None])[0]:
-            return False
-        return super().suitable(url)
-
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self._code_cache = {}
-        self._player_cache = {}
-
-    def _prepare_live_from_start_formats(self, formats, video_id, live_start_time, url, webpage_url, smuggled_data, is_live):
-        lock = threading.Lock()
-        start_time = time.time()
-        formats = [f for f in formats if f.get('is_from_start')]
-
-        def refetch_manifest(format_id, delay):
-            nonlocal formats, start_time, is_live
-            if time.time() <= start_time + delay:
-                return
-
-            _, _, prs, player_url = self._download_player_responses(url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url)
-            video_details = traverse_obj(prs, (..., 'videoDetails'), expected_type=dict)
-            microformats = traverse_obj(
-                prs, (..., 'microformat', 'playerMicroformatRenderer'),
-                expected_type=dict)
-            _, live_status, _, formats, _ = self._list_formats(video_id, microformats, video_details, prs, player_url)
-            is_live = live_status == 'is_live'
-            start_time = time.time()
-
-        def mpd_feed(format_id, delay):
-            """
-            @returns (manifest_url, manifest_stream_number, is_live) or None
-            """
-            for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=False):
-                with lock:
-                    refetch_manifest(format_id, delay)
-
-                f = next((f for f in formats if f['format_id'] == format_id), None)
-                if not f:
-                    if not is_live:
-                        retry.error = f'{video_id}: Video is no longer live'
-                    else:
-                        retry.error = f'Cannot find refreshed manifest for format {format_id}{bug_reports_message()}'
-                    continue
-                return f['manifest_url'], f['manifest_stream_number'], is_live
-            return None
-
-        for f in formats:
-            f['is_live'] = is_live
-            gen = functools.partial(self._live_dash_fragments, video_id, f['format_id'],
-                                    live_start_time, mpd_feed, not is_live and f.copy())
-            if is_live:
-                f['fragments'] = gen
-                f['protocol'] = 'http_dash_segments_generator'
-            else:
-                f['fragments'] = LazyList(gen({}))
-                del f['is_from_start']
-
-    def _live_dash_fragments(self, video_id, format_id, live_start_time, mpd_feed, manifestless_orig_fmt, ctx):
-        FETCH_SPAN, MAX_DURATION = 5, 432000
-
-        mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = None, None, True
-
-        begin_index = 0
-        download_start_time = ctx.get('start') or time.time()
-
-        lack_early_segments = download_start_time - (live_start_time or download_start_time) > MAX_DURATION
-        if lack_early_segments:
-            self.report_warning(bug_reports_message(
-                'Starting download from the last 120 hours of the live stream since '
-                'YouTube does not have data before that. If you think this is wrong,'), only_once=True)
-            lack_early_segments = True
-
-        known_idx, no_fragment_score, last_segment_url = begin_index, 0, None
-        fragments, fragment_base_url = None, None
-
-        def _extract_sequence_from_mpd(refresh_sequence, immediate):
-            nonlocal mpd_url, stream_number, is_live, no_fragment_score, fragments, fragment_base_url
-            # Obtain from MPD's maximum seq value
-            old_mpd_url = mpd_url
-            last_error = ctx.pop('last_error', None)
-            expire_fast = immediate or last_error and isinstance(last_error, HTTPError) and last_error.status == 403
-            mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = (mpd_feed(format_id, 5 if expire_fast else 18000)
-                                               or (mpd_url, stream_number, False))
-            if not refresh_sequence:
-                if expire_fast and not is_live:
-                    return False, last_seq
-                elif old_mpd_url == mpd_url:
-                    return True, last_seq
-            if manifestless_orig_fmt:
-                fmt_info = manifestless_orig_fmt
-            else:
-                try:
-                    fmts, _ = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
-                        mpd_url, None, note=False, errnote=False, fatal=False)
-                except ExtractorError:
-                    fmts = None
-                if not fmts:
-                    no_fragment_score += 2
-                    return False, last_seq
-                fmt_info = next(x for x in fmts if x['manifest_stream_number'] == stream_number)
-            fragments = fmt_info['fragments']
-            fragment_base_url = fmt_info['fragment_base_url']
-            assert fragment_base_url
-
-            _last_seq = int(re.search(r'(?:/|^)sq/(\d+)', fragments[-1]['path']).group(1))
-            return True, _last_seq
-
-        self.write_debug(f'[{video_id}] Generating fragments for format {format_id}')
-        while is_live:
-            fetch_time = time.time()
-            if no_fragment_score > 30:
-                return
-            if last_segment_url:
-                # Obtain from "X-Head-Seqnum" header value from each segment
-                try:
-                    urlh = self._request_webpage(
-                        last_segment_url, None, note=False, errnote=False, fatal=False)
-                except ExtractorError:
-                    urlh = None
-                last_seq = try_get(urlh, lambda x: int_or_none(x.headers['X-Head-Seqnum']))
-                if last_seq is None:
-                    no_fragment_score += 2
-                    last_segment_url = None
-                    continue
-            else:
-                should_continue, last_seq = _extract_sequence_from_mpd(True, no_fragment_score > 15)
-                no_fragment_score += 2
-                if not should_continue:
-                    continue
-
-            if known_idx > last_seq:
-                last_segment_url = None
-                continue
-
-            last_seq += 1
-
-            if begin_index < 0 and known_idx < 0:
-                # skip from the start when it's negative value
-                known_idx = last_seq + begin_index
-            if lack_early_segments:
-                known_idx = max(known_idx, last_seq - int(MAX_DURATION // fragments[-1]['duration']))
-            try:
-                for idx in range(known_idx, last_seq):
-                    # do not update sequence here or you'll get skipped some part of it
-                    should_continue, _ = _extract_sequence_from_mpd(False, False)
-                    if not should_continue:
-                        known_idx = idx - 1
-                        raise ExtractorError('breaking out of outer loop')
-                    last_segment_url = urljoin(fragment_base_url, f'sq/{idx}')
-                    yield {
-                        'url': last_segment_url,
-                        'fragment_count': last_seq,
-                    }
-                if known_idx == last_seq:
-                    no_fragment_score += 5
-                else:
-                    no_fragment_score = 0
-                known_idx = last_seq
-            except ExtractorError:
-                continue
-
-            if manifestless_orig_fmt:
-                # Stop at the first iteration if running for post-live manifestless;
-                # fragment count no longer increase since it starts
-                break
-
-            time.sleep(max(0, FETCH_SPAN + fetch_time - time.time()))
-
-    def _extract_player_url(self, *ytcfgs, webpage=None):
-        player_url = traverse_obj(
-            ytcfgs, (..., 'PLAYER_JS_URL'), (..., 'WEB_PLAYER_CONTEXT_CONFIGS', ..., 'jsUrl'),
-            get_all=False, expected_type=str)
-        if not player_url:
-            return
-        return urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
-
-    def _download_player_url(self, video_id, fatal=False):
-        res = self._download_webpage(
-            'https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api',
-            note='Downloading iframe API JS', video_id=video_id, fatal=fatal)
-        if res:
-            player_version = self._search_regex(
-                r'player\\?/([0-9a-fA-F]{8})\\?/', res, 'player version', fatal=fatal)
-            if player_version:
-                return f'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/{player_version}/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js'
-
-    def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
-        """ Return a string representation of a signature """
-        return '.'.join(str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
-        for player_re in cls._PLAYER_INFO_RE:
-            id_m = re.search(player_re, player_url)
-            if id_m:
-                break
-        else:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Cannot identify player {player_url!r}')
-        return id_m.group('id')
-
-    def _load_player(self, video_id, player_url, fatal=True):
-        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
-        if player_id not in self._code_cache:
-            code = self._download_webpage(
-                player_url, video_id, fatal=fatal,
-                note='Downloading player ' + player_id,
-                errnote=f'Download of {player_url} failed')
-            if code:
-                self._code_cache[player_id] = code
-        return self._code_cache.get(player_id)
-
-    def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
-        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
-
-        # Read from filesystem cache
-        func_id = f'js_{player_id}_{self._signature_cache_id(example_sig)}'
-        assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
-
-        self.write_debug(f'Extracting signature function {func_id}')
-        cache_spec, code = self.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id), None
-
-        if not cache_spec:
-            code = self._load_player(video_id, player_url)
-        if code:
-            res = self._parse_sig_js(code)
-            test_string = ''.join(map(chr, range(len(example_sig))))
-            cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in res(test_string)]
-            self.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
-
-        return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
-
-    def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
-        if not self.get_param('youtube_print_sig_code'):
-            return
-
-        def gen_sig_code(idxs):
-            def _genslice(start, end, step):
-                starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
-                ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
-                steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
-                return f's[{starts}{ends}{steps}]'
-
-            step = None
-            # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
-            start = '(Never used)'
-            for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
-                if step is not None:
-                    if i - prev == step:
-                        continue
-                    yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
-                    step = None
-                    continue
-                if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
-                    step = i - prev
-                    start = prev
-                    continue
-                else:
-                    yield 's[%d]' % prev
-            if step is None:
-                yield 's[%d]' % i
-            else:
-                yield _genslice(start, i, step)
-
-        test_string = ''.join(map(chr, range(len(example_sig))))
-        cache_res = func(test_string)
-        cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
-        expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
-        signature_id_tuple = '({})'.format(', '.join(str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
-        code = (f'if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == {signature_id_tuple}:\n'
-                f'    return {expr_code}\n')
-        self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
-
-    def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode):
-        funcname = self._search_regex(
-            (r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\bm=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(h\.s\)\)',
-             r'\bc&&\(c=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(c\)\)',
-             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)(?:;[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2}\(a,\d+\))?',
-             r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)',
-             # Obsolete patterns
-             r'("|\')signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
-             r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
-            jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
-
-        jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
-        initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname)
-        return lambda s: initial_function([s])
-
-    def _cached(self, func, *cache_id):
-        def inner(*args, **kwargs):
-            if cache_id not in self._player_cache:
-                try:
-                    self._player_cache[cache_id] = func(*args, **kwargs)
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    self._player_cache[cache_id] = e
-                except Exception as e:
-                    self._player_cache[cache_id] = ExtractorError(traceback.format_exc(), cause=e)
-
-            ret = self._player_cache[cache_id]
-            if isinstance(ret, Exception):
-                raise ret
-            return ret
-        return inner
-
-    def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url):
-        """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
-        extract_sig = self._cached(
-            self._extract_signature_function, 'sig', player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
-        func = extract_sig(video_id, player_url, s)
-        self._print_sig_code(func, s)
-        return func(s)
-
-    def _decrypt_nsig(self, s, video_id, player_url):
-        """Turn the encrypted n field into a working signature"""
-        if player_url is None:
-            raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt nsig without player_url')
-        player_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
-
-        try:
-            jsi, player_id, func_code = self._extract_n_function_code(video_id, player_url)
-        except ExtractorError as e:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract nsig function code', cause=e)
-        if self.get_param('youtube_print_sig_code'):
-            self.to_screen(f'Extracted nsig function from {player_id}:\n{func_code[1]}\n')
-
-        try:
-            extract_nsig = self._cached(self._extract_n_function_from_code, 'nsig func', player_url)
-            ret = extract_nsig(jsi, func_code)(s)
-        except JSInterpreter.Exception as e:
-            try:
-                jsi = PhantomJSwrapper(self, timeout=5000)
-            except ExtractorError:
-                raise e
-            self.report_warning(
-                f'Native nsig extraction failed: Trying with PhantomJS\n'
-                f'         n = {s} ; player = {player_url}', video_id)
-            self.write_debug(e, only_once=True)
-
-            args, func_body = func_code
-            ret = jsi.execute(
-                f'console.log(function({", ".join(args)}) {{ {func_body} }}({s!r}));',
-                video_id=video_id, note='Executing signature code').strip()
-
-        self.write_debug(f'Decrypted nsig {s} => {ret}')
-        return ret
-
-    def _extract_n_function_name(self, jscode, player_url=None):
-        # Examples (with placeholders nfunc, narray, idx):
-        # *  .get("n"))&&(b=nfunc(b)
-        # *  .get("n"))&&(b=narray[idx](b)
-        # *  b=String.fromCharCode(110),c=a.get(b))&&c=narray[idx](c)
-        # *  a.D&&(b="nn"[+a.D],c=a.get(b))&&(c=narray[idx](c),a.set(b,c),narray.length||nfunc("")
-        # *  a.D&&(PL(a),b=a.j.n||null)&&(b=narray[0](b),a.set("n",b),narray.length||nfunc("")
-        # *  a.D&&(b="nn"[+a.D],vL(a),c=a.j[b]||null)&&(c=narray[idx](c),a.set(b,c),narray.length||nfunc("")
-        funcname, idx = self._search_regex(
-            r'''(?x)
-            (?:
-                \.get\("n"\)\)&&\(b=|
-                (?:
-                    b=String\.fromCharCode\(110\)|
-                    (?P<str_idx>[a-zA-Z0-9_$.]+)&&\(b="nn"\[\+(?P=str_idx)\]
-                )
-                (?:
-                    ,[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\(a\))?,c=a\.
-                    (?:
-                        get\(b\)|
-                        [a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\[b\]\|\|null
-                    )\)&&\(c=|
-                \b(?P<var>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)=
-            )(?P<nfunc>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)(?:\[(?P<idx>\d+)\])?\([a-zA-Z]\)
-            (?(var),[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\.set\("n"\,(?P=var)\),(?P=nfunc)\.length)''',
-            jscode, 'n function name', group=('nfunc', 'idx'), default=(None, None))
-        if not funcname:
-            self.report_warning(join_nonempty(
-                'Falling back to generic n function search',
-                player_url and f'         player = {player_url}', delim='\n'))
-            return self._search_regex(
-                r'''(?xs)
-                ;\s*(?P<name>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*=\s*function\([a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\)
-                \s*\{(?:(?!};).)+?["']enhanced_except_''',
-                jscode, 'Initial JS player n function name', group='name')
-        elif not idx:
-            return funcname
-
-        return json.loads(js_to_json(self._search_regex(
-            rf'var {re.escape(funcname)}\s*=\s*(\[.+?\])\s*[,;]', jscode,
-            f'Initial JS player n function list ({funcname}.{idx})')))[int(idx)]
-
-    def _extract_n_function_code(self, video_id, player_url):
-        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
-        func_code = self.cache.load('youtube-nsig', player_id, min_ver='2024.07.09')
-        jscode = func_code or self._load_player(video_id, player_url)
-        jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
-
-        if func_code:
-            return jsi, player_id, func_code
-
-        func_name = self._extract_n_function_name(jscode, player_url=player_url)
-
-        func_code = jsi.extract_function_code(func_name)
-
-        self.cache.store('youtube-nsig', player_id, func_code)
-        return jsi, player_id, func_code
-
-    def _extract_n_function_from_code(self, jsi, func_code):
-        func = jsi.extract_function_from_code(*func_code)
-
-        def extract_nsig(s):
-            try:
-                ret = func([s])
-            except JSInterpreter.Exception:
-                raise
-            except Exception as e:
-                raise JSInterpreter.Exception(traceback.format_exc(), cause=e)
-
-            if ret.startswith('enhanced_except_'):
-                raise JSInterpreter.Exception('Signature function returned an exception')
-            return ret
-
-        return extract_nsig
-
-    def _extract_signature_timestamp(self, video_id, player_url, ytcfg=None, fatal=False):
-        """
-        Extract signatureTimestamp (sts)
-        Required to tell API what sig/player version is in use.
-        """
-        sts = None
-        if isinstance(ytcfg, dict):
-            sts = int_or_none(ytcfg.get('STS'))
-
-        if not sts:
-            # Attempt to extract from player
-            if player_url is None:
-                error_msg = 'Cannot extract signature timestamp without player_url.'
-                if fatal:
-                    raise ExtractorError(error_msg)
-                self.report_warning(error_msg)
-                return
-            code = self._load_player(video_id, player_url, fatal=fatal)
-            if code:
-                sts = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
-                    r'(?:signatureTimestamp|sts)\s*:\s*(?P<sts>[0-9]{5})', code,
-                    'JS player signature timestamp', group='sts', fatal=fatal))
-        return sts
-
-    def _mark_watched(self, video_id, player_responses):
-        for is_full, key in enumerate(('videostatsPlaybackUrl', 'videostatsWatchtimeUrl')):
-            label = 'fully ' if is_full else ''
-            url = get_first(player_responses, ('playbackTracking', key, 'baseUrl'),
-                            expected_type=url_or_none)
-            if not url:
-                self.report_warning(f'Unable to mark {label}watched')
-                return
-            parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
-            qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed_url.query)
-
-            # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
-            # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
-            CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
-            cpn = ''.join(CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(16))
-
-            # # more consistent results setting it to right before the end
-            video_length = [str(float((qs.get('len') or ['1.5'])[0]) - 1)]
-
-            qs.update({
-                'ver': ['2'],
-                'cpn': [cpn],
-                'cmt': video_length,
-                'el': 'detailpage',  # otherwise defaults to "shorts"
-            })
-
-            if is_full:
-                # these seem to mark watchtime "history" in the real world
-                # they're required, so send in a single value
-                qs.update({
-                    'st': 0,
-                    'et': video_length,
-                })
-
-            url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
-                parsed_url._replace(query=urllib.parse.urlencode(qs, True)))
-
-            self._download_webpage(
-                url, video_id, f'Marking {label}watched',
-                'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _extract_from_webpage(cls, url, webpage):
-        # Invidious Instances
-        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/195
-        # https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/1730
-        mobj = re.search(
-            r'<link rel="alternate" href="(?P<url>https://www\.youtube\.com/watch\?v=[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})"',
-            webpage)
-        if mobj:
-            yield cls.url_result(mobj.group('url'), cls)
-            raise cls.StopExtraction
-
-        yield from super()._extract_from_webpage(url, webpage)
-
-        # lazyYT YouTube embed
-        for id_ in re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage):
-            yield cls.url_result(unescapeHTML(id_), cls, id_)
-
-        # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
-        for m in re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
-                class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
-                data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage):
-            yield cls.url_result(m[-1], cls, m[-1])
-
-    @classmethod
-    def extract_id(cls, url):
-        video_id = cls.get_temp_id(url)
-        if not video_id:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Invalid URL: {url}')
-        return video_id
-
-    def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, data, duration):
-        chapter_list = traverse_obj(
-            data, (
-                'playerOverlays', 'playerOverlayRenderer', 'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer',
-                'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer', 'playerBar', 'chapteredPlayerBarRenderer', 'chapters',
-            ), expected_type=list)
-
-        return self._extract_chapters_helper(
-            chapter_list,
-            start_function=lambda chapter: float_or_none(
-                traverse_obj(chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'timeRangeStartMillis')), scale=1000),
-            title_function=lambda chapter: traverse_obj(
-                chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'title', 'simpleText'), expected_type=str),
-            duration=duration)
-
-    def _extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(self, data, duration):
-        content_list = traverse_obj(
-            data,
-            ('engagementPanels', ..., 'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'content', 'macroMarkersListRenderer', 'contents'),
-            expected_type=list)
-        chapter_time = lambda chapter: parse_duration(self._get_text(chapter, 'timeDescription'))
-        chapter_title = lambda chapter: self._get_text(chapter, 'title')
-
-        return next(filter(None, (
-            self._extract_chapters_helper(traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'macroMarkersListItemRenderer')),
-                                          chapter_time, chapter_title, duration)
-            for contents in content_list)), [])
-
-    def _extract_heatmap(self, data):
-        return traverse_obj(data, (
-            'frameworkUpdates', 'entityBatchUpdate', 'mutations',
-            lambda _, v: v['payload']['macroMarkersListEntity']['markersList']['markerType'] == 'MARKER_TYPE_HEATMAP',
-            'payload', 'macroMarkersListEntity', 'markersList', 'markers', ..., {
-                'start_time': ('startMillis', {functools.partial(float_or_none, scale=1000)}),
-                'end_time': {lambda x: (int(x['startMillis']) + int(x['durationMillis'])) / 1000},
-                'value': ('intensityScoreNormalized', {float_or_none}),
-            })) or None
-
-    def _extract_comment(self, entities, parent=None):
-        comment_entity_payload = get_first(entities, ('payload', 'commentEntityPayload', {dict}))
-        if not (comment_id := traverse_obj(comment_entity_payload, ('properties', 'commentId', {str}))):
-            return
-
-        toolbar_entity_payload = get_first(entities, ('payload', 'engagementToolbarStateEntityPayload', {dict}))
-        time_text = traverse_obj(comment_entity_payload, ('properties', 'publishedTime', {str})) or ''
-
-        return {
-            'id': comment_id,
-            'parent': parent or 'root',
-            **traverse_obj(comment_entity_payload, {
-                'text': ('properties', 'content', 'content', {str}),
-                'like_count': ('toolbar', 'likeCountA11y', {parse_count}),
-                'author_id': ('author', 'channelId', {self.ucid_or_none}),
-                'author': ('author', 'displayName', {str}),
-                'author_thumbnail': ('author', 'avatarThumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
-                'author_is_uploader': ('author', 'isCreator', {bool}),
-                'author_is_verified': ('author', 'isVerified', {bool}),
-                'author_url': ('author', 'channelCommand', 'innertubeCommand', (
-                    ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'), ('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
-                ), {lambda x: urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', x)}),
-            }, get_all=False),
-            'is_favorited': (None if toolbar_entity_payload is None else
-                             toolbar_entity_payload.get('heartState') == 'TOOLBAR_HEART_STATE_HEARTED'),
-            '_time_text': time_text,  # FIXME: non-standard, but we need a way of showing that it is an estimate.
-            'timestamp': self._parse_time_text(time_text),
-        }
-
-    def _extract_comment_old(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
-        comment_id = comment_renderer.get('commentId')
-        if not comment_id:
-            return
-
-        info = {
-            'id': comment_id,
-            'text': self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'contentText'),
-            'like_count': self._get_count(comment_renderer, 'voteCount'),
-            'author_id': traverse_obj(comment_renderer, ('authorEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId', {self.ucid_or_none})),
-            'author': self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'authorText'),
-            'author_thumbnail': traverse_obj(comment_renderer, ('authorThumbnail', 'thumbnails', -1, 'url', {url_or_none})),
-            'parent': parent or 'root',
-        }
-
-        # Timestamp is an estimate calculated from the current time and time_text
-        time_text = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'publishedTimeText') or ''
-        timestamp = self._parse_time_text(time_text)
-
-        info.update({
-            # FIXME: non-standard, but we need a way of showing that it is an estimate.
-            '_time_text': time_text,
-            'timestamp': timestamp,
-        })
-
-        info['author_url'] = urljoin(
-            'https://www.youtube.com', traverse_obj(comment_renderer, ('authorEndpoint', (
-                ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'), ('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'))),
-                expected_type=str, get_all=False))
-
-        author_is_uploader = traverse_obj(comment_renderer, 'authorIsChannelOwner')
-        if author_is_uploader is not None:
-            info['author_is_uploader'] = author_is_uploader
-
-        comment_abr = traverse_obj(
-            comment_renderer, ('actionButtons', 'commentActionButtonsRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
-        if comment_abr is not None:
-            info['is_favorited'] = 'creatorHeart' in comment_abr
-
-        badges = self._extract_badges([traverse_obj(comment_renderer, 'authorCommentBadge')])
-        if self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED):
-            info['author_is_verified'] = True
-
-        is_pinned = traverse_obj(comment_renderer, 'pinnedCommentBadge')
-        if is_pinned:
-            info['is_pinned'] = True
-
-        return info
-
-    def _comment_entries(self, root_continuation_data, ytcfg, video_id, parent=None, tracker=None):
-
-        get_single_config_arg = lambda c: self._configuration_arg(c, [''])[0]
-
-        def extract_header(contents):
-            _continuation = None
-            for content in contents:
-                comments_header_renderer = traverse_obj(content, 'commentsHeaderRenderer')
-                expected_comment_count = self._get_count(
-                    comments_header_renderer, 'countText', 'commentsCount')
-
-                if expected_comment_count is not None:
-                    tracker['est_total'] = expected_comment_count
-                    self.to_screen(f'Downloading ~{expected_comment_count} comments')
-                comment_sort_index = int(get_single_config_arg('comment_sort') != 'top')  # 1 = new, 0 = top
-
-                sort_menu_item = try_get(
-                    comments_header_renderer,
-                    lambda x: x['sortMenu']['sortFilterSubMenuRenderer']['subMenuItems'][comment_sort_index], dict) or {}
-                sort_continuation_ep = sort_menu_item.get('serviceEndpoint') or {}
-
-                _continuation = self._extract_continuation_ep_data(sort_continuation_ep) or self._extract_continuation(sort_menu_item)
-                if not _continuation:
-                    continue
-
-                sort_text = str_or_none(sort_menu_item.get('title'))
-                if not sort_text:
-                    sort_text = 'top comments' if comment_sort_index == 0 else 'newest first'
-                self.to_screen(f'Sorting comments by {sort_text.lower()}')
-                break
-            return _continuation
-
-        def extract_thread(contents, entity_payloads):
-            if not parent:
-                tracker['current_page_thread'] = 0
-            for content in contents:
-                if not parent and tracker['total_parent_comments'] >= max_parents:
-                    yield
-                comment_thread_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['commentThreadRenderer'])
-
-                # old comment format
-                if not entity_payloads:
-                    comment_renderer = get_first(
-                        (comment_thread_renderer, content), [['commentRenderer', ('comment', 'commentRenderer')]],
-                        expected_type=dict, default={})
-
-                    comment = self._extract_comment_old(comment_renderer, parent)
-
-                # new comment format
-                else:
-                    view_model = (
-                        traverse_obj(comment_thread_renderer, ('commentViewModel', 'commentViewModel', {dict}))
-                        or traverse_obj(content, ('commentViewModel', {dict})))
-                    comment_keys = traverse_obj(view_model, (('commentKey', 'toolbarStateKey'), {str}))
-                    if not comment_keys:
-                        continue
-                    entities = traverse_obj(entity_payloads, lambda _, v: v['entityKey'] in comment_keys)
-                    comment = self._extract_comment(entities, parent)
-                    if comment:
-                        comment['is_pinned'] = traverse_obj(view_model, ('pinnedText', {str})) is not None
-
-                if not comment:
-                    continue
-                comment_id = comment['id']
-
-                if comment.get('is_pinned'):
-                    tracker['pinned_comment_ids'].add(comment_id)
-                # Sometimes YouTube may break and give us infinite looping comments.
-                # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6290
-                if comment_id in tracker['seen_comment_ids']:
-                    if comment_id in tracker['pinned_comment_ids'] and not comment.get('is_pinned'):
-                        # Pinned comments may appear a second time in newest first sort
-                        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6712
-                        continue
-                    self.report_warning(
-                        'Detected YouTube comments looping. Stopping comment extraction '
-                        f'{"for this thread" if parent else ""} as we probably cannot get any more.')
-                    yield
-                else:
-                    tracker['seen_comment_ids'].add(comment['id'])
-
-                tracker['running_total'] += 1
-                tracker['total_reply_comments' if parent else 'total_parent_comments'] += 1
-                yield comment
-
-                # Attempt to get the replies
-                comment_replies_renderer = try_get(
-                    comment_thread_renderer, lambda x: x['replies']['commentRepliesRenderer'], dict)
-
-                if comment_replies_renderer:
-                    tracker['current_page_thread'] += 1
-                    comment_entries_iter = self._comment_entries(
-                        comment_replies_renderer, ytcfg, video_id,
-                        parent=comment.get('id'), tracker=tracker)
-                    yield from itertools.islice(comment_entries_iter, min(
-                        max_replies_per_thread, max(0, max_replies - tracker['total_reply_comments'])))
-
-        # Keeps track of counts across recursive calls
-        if not tracker:
-            tracker = {
-                'running_total': 0,
-                'est_total': None,
-                'current_page_thread': 0,
-                'total_parent_comments': 0,
-                'total_reply_comments': 0,
-                'seen_comment_ids': set(),
-                'pinned_comment_ids': set(),
-            }
-
-        # TODO: Deprecated
-        # YouTube comments have a max depth of 2
-        max_depth = int_or_none(get_single_config_arg('max_comment_depth'))
-        if max_depth:
-            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] max_comment_depth extractor argument is deprecated. '
-                                                'Set max replies in the max-comments extractor argument instead')
-        if max_depth == 1 and parent:
-            return
-
-        max_comments, max_parents, max_replies, max_replies_per_thread, *_ = (
-            int_or_none(p, default=sys.maxsize) for p in self._configuration_arg('max_comments') + [''] * 4)
-
-        continuation = self._extract_continuation(root_continuation_data)
-
-        response = None
-        is_forced_continuation = False
-        is_first_continuation = parent is None
-        if is_first_continuation and not continuation:
-            # Sometimes you can get comments by generating the continuation yourself,
-            # even if YouTube initially reports them being disabled - e.g. stories comments.
-            # Note: if the comment section is actually disabled, YouTube may return a response with
-            # required check_get_keys missing. So we will disable that check initially in this case.
-            continuation = self._build_api_continuation_query(self._generate_comment_continuation(video_id))
-            is_forced_continuation = True
-
-        continuation_items_path = (
-            'onResponseReceivedEndpoints', ..., ('reloadContinuationItemsCommand', 'appendContinuationItemsAction'), 'continuationItems')
-        for page_num in itertools.count(0):
-            if not continuation:
-                break
-            headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response))
-            comment_prog_str = f"({tracker['running_total']}/~{tracker['est_total']})"
-            if page_num == 0:
-                if is_first_continuation:
-                    note_prefix = 'Downloading comment section API JSON'
-                else:
-                    note_prefix = '    Downloading comment API JSON reply thread %d %s' % (
-                        tracker['current_page_thread'], comment_prog_str)
-            else:
-                note_prefix = '{}Downloading comment{} API JSON page {} {}'.format(
-                    '       ' if parent else '', ' replies' if parent else '',
-                    page_num, comment_prog_str)
-
-            # Do a deep check for incomplete data as sometimes YouTube may return no comments for a continuation
-            # Ignore check if YouTube says the comment count is 0.
-            check_get_keys = None
-            if not is_forced_continuation and not (tracker['est_total'] == 0 and tracker['running_total'] == 0):
-                check_get_keys = [[*continuation_items_path, ..., (
-                    'commentsHeaderRenderer' if is_first_continuation else ('commentThreadRenderer', 'commentViewModel', 'commentRenderer'))]]
-            try:
-                response = self._extract_response(
-                    item_id=None, query=continuation,
-                    ep='next', ytcfg=ytcfg, headers=headers, note=note_prefix,
-                    check_get_keys=check_get_keys)
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                # Ignore incomplete data error for replies if retries didn't work.
-                # This is to allow any other parent comments and comment threads to be downloaded.
-                # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4669
-                if 'incomplete data' in str(e).lower() and parent:
-                    if self.get_param('ignoreerrors') in (True, 'only_download'):
-                        self.report_warning(
-                            'Received incomplete data for a comment reply thread and retrying did not help. '
-                            'Ignoring to let other comments be downloaded. Pass --no-ignore-errors to not ignore.')
-                        return
-                    else:
-                        raise ExtractorError(
-                            'Incomplete data received for comment reply thread. '
-                            'Pass --ignore-errors to ignore and allow rest of comments to download.',
-                            expected=True)
-                raise
-            is_forced_continuation = False
-            continuation = None
-            mutations = traverse_obj(response, ('frameworkUpdates', 'entityBatchUpdate', 'mutations', ..., {dict}))
-            for continuation_items in traverse_obj(response, continuation_items_path, expected_type=list, default=[]):
-                if is_first_continuation:
-                    continuation = extract_header(continuation_items)
-                    is_first_continuation = False
-                    if continuation:
-                        break
-                    continue
-
-                for entry in extract_thread(continuation_items, mutations):
-                    if not entry:
-                        return
-                    yield entry
-                continuation = self._extract_continuation({'contents': continuation_items})
-                if continuation:
-                    break
-
-        message = self._get_text(root_continuation_data, ('contents', ..., 'messageRenderer', 'text'), max_runs=1)
-        if message and not parent and tracker['running_total'] == 0:
-            self.report_warning(f'Youtube said: {message}', video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
-            raise self.CommentsDisabled
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _generate_comment_continuation(video_id):
-        """
-        Generates initial comment section continuation token from given video id
-        """
-        token = f'\x12\r\x12\x0b{video_id}\x18\x062\'"\x11"\x0b{video_id}0\x00x\x020\x00B\x10comments-section'
-        return base64.b64encode(token.encode()).decode()
-
-    def _get_comments(self, ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage):
-        """Entry for comment extraction"""
-        def _real_comment_extract(contents):
-            renderer = next((
-                item for item in traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'itemSectionRenderer'), default={})
-                if item.get('sectionIdentifier') == 'comment-item-section'), None)
-            yield from self._comment_entries(renderer, ytcfg, video_id)
-
-        max_comments = int_or_none(self._configuration_arg('max_comments', [''])[0])
-        return itertools.islice(_real_comment_extract(contents), 0, max_comments)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _get_checkok_params():
-        return {'contentCheckOk': True, 'racyCheckOk': True}
-
-    @classmethod
-    def _generate_player_context(cls, sts=None):
-        context = {
-            'html5Preference': 'HTML5_PREF_WANTS',
-        }
-        if sts is not None:
-            context['signatureTimestamp'] = sts
-        return {
-            'playbackContext': {
-                'contentPlaybackContext': context,
-            },
-            **cls._get_checkok_params(),
-        }
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _is_agegated(player_response):
-        if traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'desktopLegacyAgeGateReason')):
-            return True
-
-        reasons = traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', ('status', 'reason')))
-        AGE_GATE_REASONS = (
-            'confirm your age', 'age-restricted', 'inappropriate',  # reason
-            'age_verification_required', 'age_check_required',  # status
-        )
-        return any(expected in reason for expected in AGE_GATE_REASONS for reason in reasons)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _is_unplayable(player_response):
-        return traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'status')) == 'UNPLAYABLE'
-
-    def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, player_url, initial_pr, smuggled_data):
-
-        session_index = self._extract_session_index(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg)
-        syncid = self._extract_account_syncid(player_ytcfg, master_ytcfg, initial_pr)
-        sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, master_ytcfg, fatal=False) if player_url else None
-        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
-            ytcfg=player_ytcfg, account_syncid=syncid, session_index=session_index, default_client=client)
-
-        yt_query = {
-            'videoId': video_id,
-        }
-
-        default_pp = traverse_obj(
-            INNERTUBE_CLIENTS, (_split_innertube_client(client)[0], 'PLAYER_PARAMS', {str}))
-        if player_params := self._configuration_arg('player_params', [default_pp], casesense=True)[0]:
-            yt_query['params'] = player_params
-
-        yt_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
-        return self._extract_response(
-            item_id=video_id, ep='player', query=yt_query,
-            ytcfg=player_ytcfg, headers=headers, fatal=True,
-            default_client=client,
-            note='Downloading {} player API JSON'.format(client.replace('_', ' ').strip()),
-        ) or None
-
-    def _get_requested_clients(self, url, smuggled_data):
-        requested_clients = []
-        broken_clients = []
-        excluded_clients = []
-        allowed_clients = sorted(
-            (client for client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS if client[:1] != '_'),
-            key=lambda client: INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['priority'], reverse=True)
-        for client in self._configuration_arg('player_client'):
-            if client == 'default':
-                requested_clients.extend(self._DEFAULT_CLIENTS)
-            elif client == 'all':
-                requested_clients.extend(allowed_clients)
-            elif client.startswith('-'):
-                excluded_clients.append(client[1:])
-            elif client not in allowed_clients:
-                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unsupported client "{client}"')
-            elif client in self._BROKEN_CLIENTS.values():
-                broken_clients.append(client)
-            else:
-                requested_clients.append(client)
-        # Force deprioritization of _BROKEN_CLIENTS for format de-duplication
-        requested_clients.extend(broken_clients)
-        if not requested_clients:
-            requested_clients.extend(self._DEFAULT_CLIENTS)
-        for excluded_client in excluded_clients:
-            if excluded_client in requested_clients:
-                requested_clients.remove(excluded_client)
-        if not requested_clients:
-            raise ExtractorError('No player clients have been requested', expected=True)
-
-        if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url') or self.is_music_url(url):
-            for requested_client in requested_clients:
-                _, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(requested_client)
-                music_client = f'{base_client}_music'
-                if variant != 'music' and music_client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS:
-                    requested_clients.append(music_client)
-
-        return orderedSet(requested_clients)
-
-    def _invalid_player_response(self, pr, video_id):
-        # YouTube may return a different video player response than expected.
-        # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipe/issues/8713
-        if (pr_id := traverse_obj(pr, ('videoDetails', 'videoId'))) != video_id:
-            return pr_id
-
-    def _extract_player_responses(self, clients, video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg, smuggled_data):
-        initial_pr = ignore_initial_response = None
-        if webpage:
-            if 'web' in clients:
-                experiments = traverse_obj(master_ytcfg, (
-                    'WEB_PLAYER_CONTEXT_CONFIGS', ..., 'serializedExperimentIds', {lambda x: x.split(',')}, ...))
-                if all(x in experiments for x in self._POTOKEN_EXPERIMENTS):
-                    self.report_warning(
-                        'Webpage contains broken formats (poToken experiment detected). Ignoring initial player response')
-                    ignore_initial_response = True
-            initial_pr = self._search_json(
-                self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE, webpage, 'initial player response', video_id, fatal=False)
-
-        prs = []
-        if initial_pr and not self._invalid_player_response(initial_pr, video_id):
-            # Android player_response does not have microFormats which are needed for
-            # extraction of some data. So we return the initial_pr with formats
-            # stripped out even if not requested by the user
-            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/501
-            prs.append({**initial_pr, 'streamingData': None})
-
-        all_clients = set(clients)
-        clients = clients[::-1]
-
-        def append_client(*client_names):
-            """ Append the first client name that exists but not already used """
-            for client_name in client_names:
-                actual_client = _split_innertube_client(client_name)[0]
-                if actual_client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS:
-                    if actual_client not in all_clients:
-                        clients.append(client_name)
-                        all_clients.add(actual_client)
-                        return
-
-        tried_iframe_fallback = False
-        player_url = None
-        skipped_clients = {}
-        while clients:
-            client, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(clients.pop())
-            player_ytcfg = {}
-            if client == 'web':
-                player_ytcfg = self._get_default_ytcfg() if ignore_initial_response else master_ytcfg
-            elif 'configs' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
-                player_ytcfg = self._download_ytcfg(client, video_id) or player_ytcfg
-
-            player_url = player_url or self._extract_player_url(master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, webpage=webpage)
-            require_js_player = self._get_default_ytcfg(client).get('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER')
-            if 'js' in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
-                require_js_player = False
-                player_url = None
-
-            if not player_url and not tried_iframe_fallback and require_js_player:
-                player_url = self._download_player_url(video_id)
-                tried_iframe_fallback = True
-
-            pr = initial_pr if client == 'web' and not ignore_initial_response else None
-            for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=False):
-                try:
-                    pr = pr or self._extract_player_response(
-                        client, video_id, player_ytcfg or master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg,
-                        player_url if require_js_player else None, initial_pr, smuggled_data)
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    self.report_warning(e)
-                    break
-                experiments = traverse_obj(pr, (
-                    'responseContext', 'serviceTrackingParams', lambda _, v: v['service'] == 'GFEEDBACK',
-                    'params', lambda _, v: v['key'] == 'e', 'value', {lambda x: x.split(',')}, ...))
-                if all(x in experiments for x in self._POTOKEN_EXPERIMENTS):
-                    pr = None
-                    retry.error = ExtractorError('API returned broken formats (poToken experiment detected)', expected=True)
-            if not pr:
-                continue
-
-            if pr_id := self._invalid_player_response(pr, video_id):
-                skipped_clients[client] = pr_id
-            elif pr:
-                # Save client name for introspection later
-                name = short_client_name(client)
-                sd = traverse_obj(pr, ('streamingData', {dict})) or {}
-                sd[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = name
-                for f in traverse_obj(sd, (('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ..., {dict})):
-                    f[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = name
-                prs.append(pr)
-
-            # tv_embedded can work around age-gate and age-verification IF the video is embeddable
-            if self._is_agegated(pr) and variant != 'tv_embedded':
-                append_client(f'tv_embedded.{base_client}')
-
-            # Unauthenticated users will only get tv_embedded client formats if age-gated
-            if self._is_agegated(pr) and not self.is_authenticated:
-                self.to_screen(
-                    f'{video_id}: This video is age-restricted; some formats may be missing '
-                    f'without authentication. {self._login_hint()}', only_once=True)
-
-            # EU countries require age-verification for accounts to access age-restricted videos
-            # If account is not age-verified, _is_agegated() will be truthy for non-embedded clients
-            # If embedding is disabled for the video, _is_unplayable() will be truthy for tv_embedded
-            embedding_is_disabled = variant == 'tv_embedded' and self._is_unplayable(pr)
-            if self.is_authenticated and (self._is_agegated(pr) or embedding_is_disabled):
-                self.to_screen(
-                    f'{video_id}: This video is age-restricted and YouTube is requiring '
-                    'account age-verification; some formats may be missing', only_once=True)
-                # web_creator and mediaconnect can work around the age-verification requirement
-                # _producer, _testsuite, & _vr variants can also work around age-verification
-                append_client('web_creator', 'mediaconnect')
-
-        if skipped_clients:
-            self.report_warning(
-                f'Skipping player responses from {"/".join(skipped_clients)} clients '
-                f'(got player responses for video "{"/".join(set(skipped_clients.values()))}" instead of "{video_id}")')
-            if not prs:
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    'All player responses are invalid. Your IP is likely being blocked by Youtube', expected=True)
-        elif not prs:
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract any player response')
-        return prs, player_url
-
-    def _needs_live_processing(self, live_status, duration):
-        if (live_status == 'is_live' and self.get_param('live_from_start')
-                or live_status == 'post_live' and (duration or 0) > 2 * 3600):
-            return live_status
-
-    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, live_status, duration):
-        CHUNK_SIZE = 10 << 20
-        PREFERRED_LANG_VALUE = 10
-        original_language = None
-        itags, stream_ids = collections.defaultdict(set), []
-        itag_qualities, res_qualities = {}, {0: None}
-        q = qualities([
-            # Normally tiny is the smallest video-only formats. But
-            # audio-only formats with unknown quality may get tagged as tiny
-            'tiny',
-            'audio_quality_ultralow', 'audio_quality_low', 'audio_quality_medium', 'audio_quality_high',  # Audio only formats
-            'small', 'medium', 'large', 'hd720', 'hd1080', 'hd1440', 'hd2160', 'hd2880', 'highres',
-        ])
-        streaming_formats = traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., ('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ...))
-        format_types = self._configuration_arg('formats')
-        all_formats = 'duplicate' in format_types
-        if self._configuration_arg('include_duplicate_formats'):
-            all_formats = True
-            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] include_duplicate_formats extractor argument is deprecated. '
-                                                'Use formats=duplicate extractor argument instead')
-
-        def build_fragments(f):
-            return LazyList({
-                'url': update_url_query(f['url'], {
-                    'range': f'{range_start}-{min(range_start + CHUNK_SIZE - 1, f["filesize"])}',
-                }),
-            } for range_start in range(0, f['filesize'], CHUNK_SIZE))
-
-        for fmt in streaming_formats:
-            if fmt.get('targetDurationSec'):
-                continue
-
-            itag = str_or_none(fmt.get('itag'))
-            audio_track = fmt.get('audioTrack') or {}
-            stream_id = (itag, audio_track.get('id'), fmt.get('isDrc'))
-            if not all_formats:
-                if stream_id in stream_ids:
-                    continue
-
-            quality = fmt.get('quality')
-            height = int_or_none(fmt.get('height'))
-            if quality == 'tiny' or not quality:
-                quality = fmt.get('audioQuality', '').lower() or quality
-            # The 3gp format (17) in android client has a quality of "small",
-            # but is actually worse than other formats
-            if itag == '17':
-                quality = 'tiny'
-            if quality:
-                if itag:
-                    itag_qualities[itag] = quality
-                if height:
-                    res_qualities[height] = quality
-
-            is_default = audio_track.get('audioIsDefault')
-            is_descriptive = 'descriptive' in (audio_track.get('displayName') or '').lower()
-            language_code = audio_track.get('id', '').split('.')[0]
-            if language_code and is_default:
-                original_language = language_code
-
-            # FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF(otf=1) requires downloading the init fragment
-            # (adding `&sq=0` to the URL) and parsing emsg box to determine the
-            # number of fragment that would subsequently requested with (`&sq=N`)
-            if fmt.get('type') == 'FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF':
-                continue
-
-            fmt_url = fmt.get('url')
-            if not fmt_url:
-                sc = urllib.parse.parse_qs(fmt.get('signatureCipher'))
-                fmt_url = url_or_none(try_get(sc, lambda x: x['url'][0]))
-                encrypted_sig = try_get(sc, lambda x: x['s'][0])
-                if not all((sc, fmt_url, player_url, encrypted_sig)):
-                    continue
-                try:
-                    fmt_url += '&{}={}'.format(
-                        traverse_obj(sc, ('sp', -1)) or 'signature',
-                        self._decrypt_signature(encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url),
-                    )
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    self.report_warning('Signature extraction failed: Some formats may be missing',
-                                        video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
-                    self.write_debug(e, only_once=True)
-                    continue
-
-            query = parse_qs(fmt_url)
-            if query.get('n'):
-                try:
-                    decrypt_nsig = self._cached(self._decrypt_nsig, 'nsig', query['n'][0])
-                    fmt_url = update_url_query(fmt_url, {
-                        'n': decrypt_nsig(query['n'][0], video_id, player_url),
-                    })
-                except ExtractorError as e:
-                    phantomjs_hint = ''
-                    if isinstance(e, JSInterpreter.Exception):
-                        phantomjs_hint = (f'         Install {self._downloader._format_err("PhantomJS", self._downloader.Styles.EMPHASIS)} '
-                                          f'to workaround the issue. {PhantomJSwrapper.INSTALL_HINT}\n')
-                    if player_url:
-                        self.report_warning(
-                            f'nsig extraction failed: Some formats may be missing\n{phantomjs_hint}'
-                            f'         n = {query["n"][0]} ; player = {player_url}', video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
-                        self.write_debug(e, only_once=True)
-                    else:
-                        self.report_warning(
-                            'Cannot decrypt nsig without player_url: Some formats may be missing',
-                            video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
-                    continue
-
-            tbr = float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)
-            format_duration = traverse_obj(fmt, ('approxDurationMs', {lambda x: float_or_none(x, 1000)}))
-            # Some formats may have much smaller duration than others (possibly damaged during encoding)
-            # E.g. 2-nOtRESiUc Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2823
-            # Make sure to avoid false positives with small duration differences.
-            # E.g. __2ABJjxzNo, ySuUZEjARPY
-            is_damaged = try_call(lambda: format_duration < duration // 2)
-            if is_damaged:
-                self.report_warning(
-                    f'{video_id}: Some formats are possibly damaged. They will be deprioritized', only_once=True)
-
-            client_name = fmt.get(STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME)
-            # _BROKEN_CLIENTS return videoplayback URLs that expire after 30 seconds
-            # Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9554
-            is_broken = client_name in self._BROKEN_CLIENTS
-            if is_broken:
-                self.report_warning(
-                    f'{video_id}: {self._BROKEN_CLIENTS[client_name]} client formats are broken '
-                    'and may yield HTTP Error 403. They will be deprioritized', only_once=True)
-
-            name = fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality.replace('audio_quality_', '') or ''
-            fps = int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')) or 0
-            dct = {
-                'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
-                'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
-                'format_id': f'{itag}{"-drc" if fmt.get("isDrc") else ""}',
-                'format_note': join_nonempty(
-                    join_nonempty(audio_track.get('displayName'), is_default and ' (default)', delim=''),
-                    name, fmt.get('isDrc') and 'DRC',
-                    try_get(fmt, lambda x: x['projectionType'].replace('RECTANGULAR', '').lower()),
-                    try_get(fmt, lambda x: x['spatialAudioType'].replace('SPATIAL_AUDIO_TYPE_', '').lower()),
-                    is_damaged and 'DAMAGED', is_broken and 'BROKEN',
-                    (self.get_param('verbose') or all_formats) and client_name,
-                    delim=', '),
-                # Format 22 is likely to be damaged. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3372
-                'source_preference': (-5 if itag == '22' else -1) + (100 if 'Premium' in name else 0),
-                'fps': fps if fps > 1 else None,  # For some formats, fps is wrongly returned as 1
-                'audio_channels': fmt.get('audioChannels'),
-                'height': height,
-                'quality': q(quality) - bool(fmt.get('isDrc')) / 2,
-                'has_drm': bool(fmt.get('drmFamilies')),
-                'tbr': tbr,
-                'filesize_approx': filesize_from_tbr(tbr, format_duration),
-                'url': fmt_url,
-                'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
-                'language': join_nonempty(language_code, 'desc' if is_descriptive else '') or None,
-                'language_preference': PREFERRED_LANG_VALUE if is_default else -10 if is_descriptive else -1,
-                # Strictly de-prioritize broken, damaged and 3gp formats
-                'preference': -20 if is_broken else -10 if is_damaged else -2 if itag == '17' else None,
-            }
-            mime_mobj = re.match(
-                r'((?:[^/]+)/(?:[^;]+))(?:;\s*codecs="([^"]+)")?', fmt.get('mimeType') or '')
-            if mime_mobj:
-                dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(mime_mobj.group(1))
-                dct.update(parse_codecs(mime_mobj.group(2)))
-            if itag:
-                itags[itag].add(('https', dct.get('language')))
-                stream_ids.append(stream_id)
-            single_stream = 'none' in (dct.get('acodec'), dct.get('vcodec'))
-            if single_stream and dct.get('ext'):
-                dct['container'] = dct['ext'] + '_dash'
-
-            if (all_formats or 'dashy' in format_types) and dct['filesize']:
-                yield {
-                    **dct,
-                    'format_id': f'{dct["format_id"]}-dashy' if all_formats else dct['format_id'],
-                    'protocol': 'http_dash_segments',
-                    'fragments': build_fragments(dct),
-                }
-            if all_formats or 'dashy' not in format_types:
-                dct['downloader_options'] = {'http_chunk_size': CHUNK_SIZE}
-                yield dct
-
-        needs_live_processing = self._needs_live_processing(live_status, duration)
-        skip_bad_formats = 'incomplete' not in format_types
-        if self._configuration_arg('include_incomplete_formats'):
-            skip_bad_formats = False
-            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] include_incomplete_formats extractor argument is deprecated. '
-                                                'Use formats=incomplete extractor argument instead')
-
-        skip_manifests = set(self._configuration_arg('skip'))
-        if (not self.get_param('youtube_include_hls_manifest', True)
-                or needs_live_processing == 'is_live'  # These will be filtered out by YoutubeDL anyway
-                or needs_live_processing and skip_bad_formats):
-            skip_manifests.add('hls')
-
-        if not self.get_param('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
-            skip_manifests.add('dash')
-        if self._configuration_arg('include_live_dash'):
-            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] include_live_dash extractor argument is deprecated. '
-                                                'Use formats=incomplete extractor argument instead')
-        elif skip_bad_formats and live_status == 'is_live' and needs_live_processing != 'is_live':
-            skip_manifests.add('dash')
-
-        def process_manifest_format(f, proto, client_name, itag):
-            key = (proto, f.get('language'))
-            if not all_formats and key in itags[itag]:
-                return False
-            itags[itag].add(key)
-
-            if itag and all_formats:
-                f['format_id'] = f'{itag}-{proto}'
-            elif any(p != proto for p, _ in itags[itag]):
-                f['format_id'] = f'{itag}-{proto}'
-            elif itag:
-                f['format_id'] = itag
-
-            if original_language and f.get('language') == original_language:
-                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), '(default)', delim=' ')
-                f['language_preference'] = PREFERRED_LANG_VALUE
-
-            if f.get('source_preference') is None:
-                f['source_preference'] = -1
-
-            if itag in ('616', '235'):
-                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), 'Premium', delim=' ')
-                f['source_preference'] += 100
-
-            f['quality'] = q(itag_qualities.get(try_get(f, lambda f: f['format_id'].split('-')[0]), -1))
-            if f['quality'] == -1 and f.get('height'):
-                f['quality'] = q(res_qualities[min(res_qualities, key=lambda x: abs(x - f['height']))])
-            if self.get_param('verbose') or all_formats:
-                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), client_name, delim=', ')
-            if f.get('fps') and f['fps'] <= 1:
-                del f['fps']
-
-            if proto == 'hls' and f.get('has_drm'):
-                f['has_drm'] = 'maybe'
-                f['source_preference'] -= 5
-            return True
-
-        subtitles = {}
-        for sd in streaming_data:
-            client_name = sd.get(STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME)
-
-            hls_manifest_url = 'hls' not in skip_manifests and sd.get('hlsManifestUrl')
-            if hls_manifest_url:
-                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
-                    hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, live=live_status == 'is_live')
-                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)
-                for f in fmts:
-                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'hls', client_name, self._search_regex(
-                            r'/itag/(\d+)', f['url'], 'itag', default=None)):
-                        yield f
-
-            dash_manifest_url = 'dash' not in skip_manifests and sd.get('dashManifestUrl')
-            if dash_manifest_url:
-                formats, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False)
-                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)  # Prioritize HLS subs over DASH
-                for f in formats:
-                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'dash', client_name, f['format_id']):
-                        f['filesize'] = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
-                            r'/clen/(\d+)', f.get('fragment_base_url') or f['url'], 'file size', default=None))
-                        if needs_live_processing:
-                            f['is_from_start'] = True
-
-                        yield f
-        yield subtitles
-
-    def _extract_storyboard(self, player_responses, duration):
-        spec = get_first(
-            player_responses, ('storyboards', 'playerStoryboardSpecRenderer', 'spec'), default='').split('|')[::-1]
-        base_url = url_or_none(urljoin('https://i.ytimg.com/', spec.pop() or None))
-        if not base_url:
-            return
-        L = len(spec) - 1
-        for i, args in enumerate(spec):
-            args = args.split('#')
-            counts = list(map(int_or_none, args[:5]))
-            if len(args) != 8 or not all(counts):
-                self.report_warning(f'Malformed storyboard {i}: {"#".join(args)}{bug_reports_message()}')
-                continue
-            width, height, frame_count, cols, rows = counts
-            N, sigh = args[6:]
-
-            url = base_url.replace('$L', str(L - i)).replace('$N', N) + f'&sigh={sigh}'
-            fragment_count = frame_count / (cols * rows)
-            fragment_duration = duration / fragment_count
-            yield {
-                'format_id': f'sb{i}',
-                'format_note': 'storyboard',
-                'ext': 'mhtml',
-                'protocol': 'mhtml',
-                'acodec': 'none',
-                'vcodec': 'none',
-                'url': url,
-                'width': width,
-                'height': height,
-                'fps': frame_count / duration,
-                'rows': rows,
-                'columns': cols,
-                'fragments': [{
-                    'url': url.replace('$M', str(j)),
-                    'duration': min(fragment_duration, duration - (j * fragment_duration)),
-                } for j in range(math.ceil(fragment_count))],
-            }
-
-    def _download_player_responses(self, url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url):
-        webpage = None
-        if 'webpage' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
-            query = {'bpctr': '9999999999', 'has_verified': '1'}
-            pp = self._configuration_arg('player_params', [None], casesense=True)[0]
-            if pp:
-                query['pp'] = pp
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(
-                webpage_url, video_id, fatal=False, query=query)
-
-        master_ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or self._get_default_ytcfg()
-
-        player_responses, player_url = self._extract_player_responses(
-            self._get_requested_clients(url, smuggled_data),
-            video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg, smuggled_data)
-
-        return webpage, master_ytcfg, player_responses, player_url
-
-    def _list_formats(self, video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses, player_url, duration=None):
-        live_broadcast_details = traverse_obj(microformats, (..., 'liveBroadcastDetails'))
-        is_live = get_first(video_details, 'isLive')
-        if is_live is None:
-            is_live = get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'isLiveNow')
-        live_content = get_first(video_details, 'isLiveContent')
-        is_upcoming = get_first(video_details, 'isUpcoming')
-        post_live = get_first(video_details, 'isPostLiveDvr')
-        live_status = ('post_live' if post_live
-                       else 'is_live' if is_live
-                       else 'is_upcoming' if is_upcoming
-                       else 'was_live' if live_content
-                       else 'not_live' if False in (is_live, live_content)
-                       else None)
-        streaming_data = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'streamingData'))
-        *formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(streaming_data, video_id, player_url, live_status, duration)
-        if all(f.get('has_drm') for f in formats):
-            # If there are no formats that definitely don't have DRM, all have DRM
-            for f in formats:
-                f['has_drm'] = True
-
-        return live_broadcast_details, live_status, streaming_data, formats, subtitles
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        base_url = self.http_scheme() + '//www.youtube.com/'
-        webpage_url = base_url + 'watch?v=' + video_id
-
-        webpage, master_ytcfg, player_responses, player_url = self._download_player_responses(url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url)
-
-        playability_statuses = traverse_obj(
-            player_responses, (..., 'playabilityStatus'), expected_type=dict)
-
-        trailer_video_id = get_first(
-            playability_statuses,
-            ('errorScreen', 'playerLegacyDesktopYpcTrailerRenderer', 'trailerVideoId'),
-            expected_type=str)
-        if trailer_video_id:
-            return self.url_result(
-                trailer_video_id, self.ie_key(), trailer_video_id)
-
-        search_meta = ((lambda x: self._html_search_meta(x, webpage, default=None))
-                       if webpage else (lambda x: None))
-
-        video_details = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'videoDetails'), expected_type=dict)
-        microformats = traverse_obj(
-            player_responses, (..., 'microformat', 'playerMicroformatRenderer'),
-            expected_type=dict)
-
-        translated_title = self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'title'))
-        video_title = (self._preferred_lang and translated_title
-                       or get_first(video_details, 'title')  # primary
-                       or translated_title
-                       or search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title', 'title']))
-        translated_description = self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'description'))
-        original_description = get_first(video_details, 'shortDescription')
-        video_description = (
-            self._preferred_lang and translated_description
-            # If original description is blank, it will be an empty string.
-            # Do not prefer translated description in this case.
-            or original_description if original_description is not None else translated_description)
-
-        multifeed_metadata_list = get_first(
-            player_responses,
-            ('multicamera', 'playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer', 'metadataList'),
-            expected_type=str)
-        if multifeed_metadata_list and not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed'):
-            if self.get_param('noplaylist'):
-                self.to_screen(f'Downloading just video {video_id} because of --no-playlist')
-            else:
-                entries = []
-                feed_ids = []
-                for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
-                    # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
-                    # fields may contain comma as well (see
-                    # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
-                    feed_data = urllib.parse.parse_qs(
-                        urllib.parse.unquote_plus(feed))
-
-                    def feed_entry(name):
-                        return try_get(
-                            feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], str)
-
-                    feed_id = feed_entry('id')
-                    if not feed_id:
-                        continue
-                    feed_title = feed_entry('title')
-                    title = video_title
-                    if feed_title:
-                        title += f' ({feed_title})'
-                    entries.append({
-                        '_type': 'url_transparent',
-                        'ie_key': 'Youtube',
-                        'url': smuggle_url(
-                            '{}watch?v={}'.format(base_url, feed_data['id'][0]),
-                            {'force_singlefeed': True}),
-                        'title': title,
-                    })
-                    feed_ids.append(feed_id)
-                self.to_screen(
-                    'Downloading multifeed video ({}) - add --no-playlist to just download video {}'.format(
-                        ', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
-                return self.playlist_result(
-                    entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
-
-        duration = (int_or_none(get_first(video_details, 'lengthSeconds'))
-                    or int_or_none(get_first(microformats, 'lengthSeconds'))
-                    or parse_duration(search_meta('duration')) or None)
-
-        live_broadcast_details, live_status, streaming_data, formats, automatic_captions = \
-            self._list_formats(video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses, player_url, duration)
-        if live_status == 'post_live':
-            self.write_debug(f'{video_id}: Video is in Post-Live Manifestless mode')
-
-        if not formats:
-            if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., 'licenseInfos')):
-                self.report_drm(video_id)
-            pemr = get_first(
-                playability_statuses,
-                ('errorScreen', 'playerErrorMessageRenderer'), expected_type=dict) or {}
-            reason = self._get_text(pemr, 'reason') or get_first(playability_statuses, 'reason')
-            subreason = clean_html(self._get_text(pemr, 'subreason') or '')
-            if subreason:
-                if subreason == 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.':
-                    countries = get_first(microformats, 'availableCountries')
-                    if not countries:
-                        regions_allowed = search_meta('regionsAllowed')
-                        countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
-                    self.raise_geo_restricted(subreason, countries, metadata_available=True)
-                reason += f'. {subreason}'
-            if reason:
-                self.raise_no_formats(reason, expected=True)
-
-        keywords = get_first(video_details, 'keywords', expected_type=list) or []
-        if not keywords and webpage:
-            keywords = [
-                unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
-                for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), webpage)]
-        for keyword in keywords:
-            if keyword.startswith('yt:stretch='):
-                mobj = re.search(r'(\d+)\s*:\s*(\d+)', keyword)
-                if mobj:
-                    # NB: float is intentional for forcing float division
-                    w, h = (float(v) for v in mobj.groups())
-                    if w > 0 and h > 0:
-                        ratio = w / h
-                        for f in formats:
-                            if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
-                                f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
-                        break
-        thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails((video_details, microformats), (..., ..., 'thumbnail'))
-        thumbnail_url = search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'])
-        if thumbnail_url:
-            thumbnails.append({
-                'url': thumbnail_url,
-            })
-        original_thumbnails = thumbnails.copy()
-
-        # The best resolution thumbnails sometimes does not appear in the webpage
-        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/340
-        # List of possible thumbnails - Ref: <https://stackoverflow.com/a/20542029>
-        thumbnail_names = [
-            # While the *1,*2,*3 thumbnails are just below their corresponding "*default" variants
-            # in resolution, these are not the custom thumbnail. So de-prioritize them
-            'maxresdefault', 'hq720', 'sddefault', 'hqdefault', '0', 'mqdefault', 'default',
-            'sd1', 'sd2', 'sd3', 'hq1', 'hq2', 'hq3', 'mq1', 'mq2', 'mq3', '1', '2', '3',
-        ]
-        n_thumbnail_names = len(thumbnail_names)
-        thumbnails.extend({
-            'url': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi{webp}/{video_id}/{name}{live}.{ext}'.format(
-                video_id=video_id, name=name, ext=ext,
-                webp='_webp' if ext == 'webp' else '', live='_live' if live_status == 'is_live' else ''),
-        } for name in thumbnail_names for ext in ('webp', 'jpg'))
-        for thumb in thumbnails:
-            i = next((i for i, t in enumerate(thumbnail_names) if f'/{video_id}/{t}' in thumb['url']), n_thumbnail_names)
-            thumb['preference'] = (0 if '.webp' in thumb['url'] else -1) - (2 * i)
-        self._remove_duplicate_formats(thumbnails)
-        self._downloader._sort_thumbnails(original_thumbnails)
-
-        category = get_first(microformats, 'category') or search_meta('genre')
-        channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(str_or_none(
-            get_first(video_details, 'channelId')
-            or get_first(microformats, 'externalChannelId')
-            or search_meta('channelId')))
-        owner_profile_url = get_first(microformats, 'ownerProfileUrl')
-
-        live_start_time = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'startTimestamp'))
-        live_end_time = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'endTimestamp'))
-        if not duration and live_end_time and live_start_time:
-            duration = live_end_time - live_start_time
-
-        needs_live_processing = self._needs_live_processing(live_status, duration)
-
-        def is_bad_format(fmt):
-            if needs_live_processing and not fmt.get('is_from_start'):
-                return True
-            elif (live_status == 'is_live' and needs_live_processing != 'is_live'
-                    and fmt.get('protocol') == 'http_dash_segments'):
-                return True
-
-        for fmt in filter(is_bad_format, formats):
-            fmt['preference'] = (fmt.get('preference') or -1) - 10
-            fmt['format_note'] = join_nonempty(fmt.get('format_note'), '(Last 2 hours)', delim=' ')
-
-        if needs_live_processing:
-            self._prepare_live_from_start_formats(
-                formats, video_id, live_start_time, url, webpage_url, smuggled_data, live_status == 'is_live')
-
-        formats.extend(self._extract_storyboard(player_responses, duration))
-
-        channel_handle = self.handle_from_url(owner_profile_url)
-
-        info = {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': video_title,
-            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            # The best thumbnail that we are sure exists. Prevents unnecessary
-            # URL checking if user don't care about getting the best possible thumbnail
-            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(original_thumbnails, (-1, 'url')),
-            'description': video_description,
-            'channel_id': channel_id,
-            'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s', default=None),
-            'duration': duration,
-            'view_count': int_or_none(
-                get_first((video_details, microformats), (..., 'viewCount'))
-                or search_meta('interactionCount')),
-            'average_rating': float_or_none(get_first(video_details, 'averageRating')),
-            'age_limit': 18 if (
-                get_first(microformats, 'isFamilySafe') is False
-                or search_meta('isFamilyFriendly') == 'false'
-                or search_meta('og:restrictions:age') == '18+') else 0,
-            'webpage_url': webpage_url,
-            'categories': [category] if category else None,
-            'tags': keywords,
-            'playable_in_embed': get_first(playability_statuses, 'playableInEmbed'),
-            'live_status': live_status,
-            'release_timestamp': live_start_time,
-            '_format_sort_fields': (  # source_preference is lower for potentially damaged formats
-                'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang', 'proto'),
-        }
-
-        subtitles = {}
-        pctr = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
-        if pctr:
-            def get_lang_code(track):
-                return (remove_start(track.get('vssId') or '', '.').replace('.', '-')
-                        or track.get('languageCode'))
-
-            # Converted into dicts to remove duplicates
-            captions = {
-                get_lang_code(sub): sub
-                for sub in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'captionTracks', ...))}
-            translation_languages = {
-                lang.get('languageCode'): self._get_text(lang.get('languageName'), max_runs=1)
-                for lang in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'translationLanguages', ...))}
-
-            def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
-                lang_subs = container.setdefault(lang_code, [])
-                for fmt in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
-                    query.update({
-                        'fmt': fmt,
-                    })
-                    lang_subs.append({
-                        'ext': fmt,
-                        'url': urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', update_url_query(base_url, query)),
-                        'name': sub_name,
-                    })
-
-            # NB: Constructing the full subtitle dictionary is slow
-            get_translated_subs = 'translated_subs' not in self._configuration_arg('skip') and (
-                self.get_param('writeautomaticsub', False) or self.get_param('listsubtitles'))
-            for lang_code, caption_track in captions.items():
-                base_url = caption_track.get('baseUrl')
-                orig_lang = parse_qs(base_url).get('lang', [None])[-1]
-                if not base_url:
-                    continue
-                lang_name = self._get_text(caption_track, 'name', max_runs=1)
-                if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
-                    if not lang_code:
-                        continue
-                    process_language(
-                        subtitles, base_url, lang_code, lang_name, {})
-                    if not caption_track.get('isTranslatable'):
-                        continue
-                for trans_code, trans_name in translation_languages.items():
-                    if not trans_code:
-                        continue
-                    orig_trans_code = trans_code
-                    if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr' and trans_code != 'und':
-                        if not get_translated_subs:
-                            continue
-                        trans_code += f'-{lang_code}'
-                        trans_name += format_field(lang_name, None, ' from %s')
-                    if lang_code == f'a-{orig_trans_code}':
-                        # Set audio language based on original subtitles
-                        for f in formats:
-                            if f.get('acodec') != 'none' and not f.get('language'):
-                                f['language'] = orig_trans_code
-                        # Add an "-orig" label to the original language so that it can be distinguished.
-                        # The subs are returned without "-orig" as well for compatibility
-                        process_language(
-                            automatic_captions, base_url, f'{trans_code}-orig', f'{trans_name} (Original)', {})
-                    # Setting tlang=lang returns damaged subtitles.
-                    process_language(automatic_captions, base_url, trans_code, trans_name,
-                                     {} if orig_lang == orig_trans_code else {'tlang': trans_code})
-
-        info['automatic_captions'] = automatic_captions
-        info['subtitles'] = subtitles
-
-        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
-        for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
-            query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(component)
-            for k, v in query.items():
-                for d_k, s_ks in [('start', ('start', 't')), ('end', ('end',))]:
-                    d_k += '_time'
-                    if d_k not in info and k in s_ks:
-                        info[d_k] = parse_duration(v[0])
-
-        # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
-        if (video_description or '').strip().endswith('\nAuto-generated by YouTube.'):
-            # XXX: Causes catastrophic backtracking if description has "·"
-            # E.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoPaAxMQoiI
-            # Simulating atomic groups:  (?P<a>[^xy]+)x  =>  (?=(?P<a>[^xy]+))(?P=a)x
-            # reduces it, but does not fully fix it. https://regex101.com/r/8Ssf2h/2
-            mobj = re.search(
-                r'''(?xs)
-                    (?=(?P<track>[^\n·]+))(?P=track)·
-                    (?=(?P<artist>[^\n]+))(?P=artist)\n+
-                    (?=(?P<album>[^\n]+))(?P=album)\n
-                    (?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?
-                    (?:.+?Released on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?
-                    (.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*
-                        (?=(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))(?P=clean_artist)\n
-                    )?.+\nAuto-generated\ by\ YouTube\.\s*$
-                ''', video_description)
-            if mobj:
-                release_year = mobj.group('release_year')
-                release_date = mobj.group('release_date')
-                if release_date:
-                    release_date = release_date.replace('-', '')
-                    if not release_year:
-                        release_year = release_date[:4]
-                info.update({
-                    'album': mobj.group('album'.strip()),
-                    'artists': ([a] if (a := mobj.group('clean_artist'))
-                                else [a.strip() for a in mobj.group('artist').split('·')]),
-                    'track': mobj.group('track').strip(),
-                    'release_date': release_date,
-                    'release_year': int_or_none(release_year),
-                })
-
-        initial_data = None
-        if webpage:
-            initial_data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(video_id, webpage, fatal=False)
-            if not traverse_obj(initial_data, 'contents'):
-                self.report_warning('Incomplete data received in embedded initial data; re-fetching using API.')
-                initial_data = None
-        if not initial_data:
-            query = {'videoId': video_id}
-            query.update(self._get_checkok_params())
-            initial_data = self._extract_response(
-                item_id=video_id, ep='next', fatal=False,
-                ytcfg=master_ytcfg, query=query, check_get_keys='contents',
-                headers=self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=master_ytcfg),
-                note='Downloading initial data API JSON')
-
-        info['comment_count'] = traverse_obj(initial_data, (
-            'contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'results', 'results', 'contents', ..., 'itemSectionRenderer',
-            'contents', ..., 'commentsEntryPointHeaderRenderer', 'commentCount',
-        ), (
-            'engagementPanels', lambda _, v: v['engagementPanelSectionListRenderer']['panelIdentifier'] == 'comment-item-section',
-            'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'header', 'engagementPanelTitleHeaderRenderer', 'contextualInfo',
-        ), expected_type=self._get_count, get_all=False)
-
-        try:  # This will error if there is no livechat
-            initial_data['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['conversationBar']['liveChatRenderer']['continuations'][0]['reloadContinuationData']['continuation']
-        except (KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
-            pass
-        else:
-            info.setdefault('subtitles', {})['live_chat'] = [{
-                # url is needed to set cookies
-                'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}&bpctr=9999999999&has_verified=1',
-                'video_id': video_id,
-                'ext': 'json',
-                'protocol': ('youtube_live_chat' if live_status in ('is_live', 'is_upcoming')
-                             else 'youtube_live_chat_replay'),
-            }]
-
-        if initial_data:
-            info['chapters'] = (
-                self._extract_chapters_from_json(initial_data, duration)
-                or self._extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(initial_data, duration)
-                or self._extract_chapters_from_description(video_description, duration)
-                or None)
-
-            info['heatmap'] = self._extract_heatmap(initial_data)
-
-        contents = traverse_obj(
-            initial_data, ('contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'results', 'results', 'contents'),
-            expected_type=list, default=[])
-
-        vpir = get_first(contents, 'videoPrimaryInfoRenderer')
-        if vpir:
-            stl = vpir.get('superTitleLink')
-            if stl:
-                stl = self._get_text(stl)
-                if try_get(
-                        vpir,
-                        lambda x: x['superTitleIcon']['iconType']) == 'LOCATION_PIN':
-                    info['location'] = stl
-                else:
-                    mobj = re.search(r'(.+?)\s*S(\d+)\s*•?\s*E(\d+)', stl)
-                    if mobj:
-                        info.update({
-                            'series': mobj.group(1),
-                            'season_number': int(mobj.group(2)),
-                            'episode_number': int(mobj.group(3)),
-                        })
-            for tlb in (try_get(
-                    vpir,
-                    lambda x: x['videoActions']['menuRenderer']['topLevelButtons'],
-                    list) or []):
-                tbrs = variadic(
-                    traverse_obj(
-                        tlb, ('toggleButtonRenderer', ...),
-                        ('segmentedLikeDislikeButtonRenderer', ..., 'toggleButtonRenderer')))
-                for tbr in tbrs:
-                    for getter, regex in [(
-                            lambda x: x['defaultText']['accessibility']['accessibilityData'],
-                            r'(?P<count>[\d,]+)\s*(?P<type>(?:dis)?like)'), ([
-                                lambda x: x['accessibility'],
-                                lambda x: x['accessibilityData']['accessibilityData'],
-                            ], r'(?P<type>(?:dis)?like) this video along with (?P<count>[\d,]+) other people')]:
-                        label = (try_get(tbr, getter, dict) or {}).get('label')
-                        if label:
-                            mobj = re.match(regex, label)
-                            if mobj:
-                                info[mobj.group('type') + '_count'] = str_to_int(mobj.group('count'))
-                                break
-
-            info['like_count'] = traverse_obj(vpir, (
-                'videoActions', 'menuRenderer', 'topLevelButtons', ...,
-                'segmentedLikeDislikeButtonViewModel', 'likeButtonViewModel', 'likeButtonViewModel',
-                'toggleButtonViewModel', 'toggleButtonViewModel', 'defaultButtonViewModel',
-                'buttonViewModel', 'accessibilityText', {parse_count}), get_all=False)
-
-            vcr = traverse_obj(vpir, ('viewCount', 'videoViewCountRenderer'))
-            if vcr:
-                vc = self._get_count(vcr, 'viewCount')
-                # Upcoming premieres with waiting count are treated as live here
-                if vcr.get('isLive'):
-                    info['concurrent_view_count'] = vc
-                elif info.get('view_count') is None:
-                    info['view_count'] = vc
-
-        vsir = get_first(contents, 'videoSecondaryInfoRenderer')
-        if vsir:
-            vor = traverse_obj(vsir, ('owner', 'videoOwnerRenderer'))
-            info.update({
-                'channel': self._get_text(vor, 'title'),
-                'channel_follower_count': self._get_count(vor, 'subscriberCountText')})
-
-            if not channel_handle:
-                channel_handle = self.handle_from_url(
-                    traverse_obj(vor, (
-                        ('navigationEndpoint', ('title', 'runs', ..., 'navigationEndpoint')),
-                        (('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl')),
-                        {str}), get_all=False))
-
-            rows = try_get(
-                vsir,
-                lambda x: x['metadataRowContainer']['metadataRowContainerRenderer']['rows'],
-                list) or []
-            multiple_songs = False
-            for row in rows:
-                if try_get(row, lambda x: x['metadataRowRenderer']['hasDividerLine']) is True:
-                    multiple_songs = True
-                    break
-            for row in rows:
-                mrr = row.get('metadataRowRenderer') or {}
-                mrr_title = mrr.get('title')
-                if not mrr_title:
-                    continue
-                mrr_title = self._get_text(mrr, 'title')
-                mrr_contents_text = self._get_text(mrr, ('contents', 0))
-                if mrr_title == 'License':
-                    info['license'] = mrr_contents_text
-                elif not multiple_songs:
-                    if mrr_title == 'Album':
-                        info['album'] = mrr_contents_text
-                    elif mrr_title == 'Artist':
-                        info['artists'] = [mrr_contents_text] if mrr_contents_text else None
-                    elif mrr_title == 'Song':
-                        info['track'] = mrr_contents_text
-            owner_badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(vsir, ('owner', 'videoOwnerRenderer', 'badges')))
-            if self._has_badge(owner_badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED):
-                info['channel_is_verified'] = True
-
-        info.update({
-            'uploader': info.get('channel'),
-            'uploader_id': channel_handle,
-            'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
-        })
-
-        # We only want timestamp IF it has time precision AND a timezone
-        # Currently the uploadDate in microformats appears to be in US/Pacific timezone.
-        timestamp = (
-            parse_iso8601(get_first(microformats, 'uploadDate'), timezone=NO_DEFAULT)
-            or parse_iso8601(search_meta('uploadDate'), timezone=NO_DEFAULT)
-        )
-        upload_date = (
-            dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, dt.timezone.utc).strftime('%Y%m%d') if timestamp else
-            (
-                unified_strdate(get_first(microformats, 'uploadDate'))
-                or unified_strdate(search_meta('uploadDate'))
-            ))
-
-        # In the case we cannot get the timestamp:
-        # The upload date for scheduled, live and past live streams / premieres in microformats
-        # may be different from the stream date. Although not in UTC, we will prefer it in this case.
-        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/2223#issuecomment-1008485139
-        if not upload_date or (not timestamp and live_status in ('not_live', None)):
-            # this should be in UTC, as configured in the cookie/client context
-            upload_date = strftime_or_none(
-                self._parse_time_text(self._get_text(vpir, 'dateText'))) or upload_date
-
-        info['upload_date'] = upload_date
-        info['timestamp'] = timestamp
-
-        if upload_date and live_status not in ('is_live', 'post_live', 'is_upcoming'):
-            # Newly uploaded videos' HLS formats are potentially problematic and need to be checked
-            upload_datetime = datetime_from_str(upload_date).replace(tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
-            if upload_datetime >= datetime_from_str('today-2days'):
-                for fmt in info['formats']:
-                    if fmt.get('protocol') == 'm3u8_native':
-                        fmt['__needs_testing'] = True
-
-        for s_k, d_k in [('artists', 'creators'), ('track', 'alt_title')]:
-            v = info.get(s_k)
-            if v:
-                info[d_k] = v
-
-        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(vpir, 'badges'))
-
-        is_private = (self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE)
-                      or get_first(video_details, 'isPrivate', expected_type=bool))
-
-        info['availability'] = (
-            'public' if self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC)
-            else self._availability(
-                is_private=is_private,
-                needs_premium=(
-                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM)
-                    or False if initial_data and is_private is not None else None),
-                needs_subscription=(
-                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION)
-                    or False if initial_data and is_private is not None else None),
-                needs_auth=info['age_limit'] >= 18,
-                is_unlisted=None if is_private is None else (
-                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED)
-                    or get_first(microformats, 'isUnlisted', expected_type=bool))))
-
-        info['__post_extractor'] = self.extract_comments(master_ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage)
-
-        self.mark_watched(video_id, player_responses)
-
-        return info
-
-
-class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
-    @staticmethod
-    def passthrough_smuggled_data(func):
-        def _smuggle(info, smuggled_data):
-            if info.get('_type') not in ('url', 'url_transparent'):
-                return info
-            if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url'):
-                parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(info['url'])
-                if parsed_url.netloc in ('www.youtube.com', 'music.youtube.com'):
-                    smuggled_data.pop('is_music_url')
-                    info['url'] = urllib.parse.urlunparse(parsed_url._replace(netloc='music.youtube.com'))
-            if smuggled_data:
-                info['url'] = smuggle_url(info['url'], smuggled_data)
-            return info
-
-        @functools.wraps(func)
-        def wrapper(self, url):
-            url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
-            if self.is_music_url(url):
-                smuggled_data['is_music_url'] = True
-            info_dict = func(self, url, smuggled_data)
-            if smuggled_data:
-                _smuggle(info_dict, smuggled_data)
-                if info_dict.get('entries'):
-                    info_dict['entries'] = (_smuggle(i, smuggled_data.copy()) for i in info_dict['entries'])
-            return info_dict
-        return wrapper
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_basic_item_renderer(item):
-        # Modified from _extract_grid_item_renderer
-        known_basic_renderers = (
-            'playlistRenderer', 'videoRenderer', 'channelRenderer', 'showRenderer', 'reelItemRenderer',
-        )
-        for key, renderer in item.items():
-            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
-                continue
-            elif key in known_basic_renderers:
-                return renderer
-            elif key.startswith('grid') and key.endswith('Renderer'):
-                return renderer
-
-    def _extract_channel_renderer(self, renderer):
-        channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(renderer['channelId'])
-        title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')
-        channel_url = format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s', default=None)
-        channel_handle = self.handle_from_url(
-            traverse_obj(renderer, (
-                'navigationEndpoint', (('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
-                                       ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl')),
-                {str}), get_all=False))
-        if not channel_handle:
-            # As of 2023-06-01, YouTube sets subscriberCountText to the handle in search
-            channel_handle = self.handle_or_none(self._get_text(renderer, 'subscriberCountText'))
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url',
-            'url': channel_url,
-            'id': channel_id,
-            'ie_key': YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(),
-            'channel': title,
-            'uploader': title,
-            'channel_id': channel_id,
-            'channel_url': channel_url,
-            'title': title,
-            'uploader_id': channel_handle,
-            'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
-            # See above. YouTube sets videoCountText to the subscriber text in search channel renderers.
-            # However, in feed/channels this is set correctly to the subscriber count
-            'channel_follower_count': traverse_obj(
-                renderer, 'subscriberCountText', 'videoCountText', expected_type=self._get_count),
-            'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail'),
-            'playlist_count': (
-                # videoCountText may be the subscriber count
-                self._get_count(renderer, 'videoCountText')
-                if self._get_count(renderer, 'subscriberCountText') is not None else None),
-            'description': self._get_text(renderer, 'descriptionSnippet'),
-            'channel_is_verified': True if self._has_badge(
-                self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(renderer, 'ownerBadges')), BadgeType.VERIFIED) else None,
-        }
-
-    def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
-        for item in grid_renderer['items']:
-            if not isinstance(item, dict):
-                continue
-            renderer = self._extract_basic_item_renderer(item)
-            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
-                continue
-            title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')
-
-            # playlist
-            playlist_id = renderer.get('playlistId')
-            if playlist_id:
-                yield self.url_result(
-                    f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
-                    ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
-                    video_title=title)
-                continue
-            # video
-            video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
-            if video_id:
-                yield self._extract_video(renderer)
-                continue
-            # channel
-            channel_id = renderer.get('channelId')
-            if channel_id:
-                yield self._extract_channel_renderer(renderer)
-                continue
-            # generic endpoint URL support
-            ep_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', try_get(
-                renderer, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
-                str))
-            if ep_url:
-                for ie in (YoutubeTabIE, YoutubePlaylistIE, YoutubeIE):
-                    if ie.suitable(ep_url):
-                        yield self.url_result(
-                            ep_url, ie=ie.ie_key(), video_id=ie._match_id(ep_url), video_title=title)
-                        break
-
-    def _music_reponsive_list_entry(self, renderer):
-        video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('playlistItemData', 'videoId'))
-        if video_id:
-            title = traverse_obj(renderer, (
-                'flexColumns', 0, 'musicResponsiveListItemFlexColumnRenderer',
-                'text', 'runs', 0, 'text'))
-            return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
-                                   ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id, title=title)
-        playlist_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'playlistId'))
-        if playlist_id:
-            video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'))
-            if video_id:
-                return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}&list={playlist_id}',
-                                       ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
-            return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
-                                   ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
-        browse_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId'))
-        if browse_id:
-            return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/browse/{browse_id}',
-                                   ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=browse_id)
-
-    def _shelf_entries_from_content(self, shelf_renderer):
-        content = shelf_renderer.get('content')
-        if not isinstance(content, dict):
-            return
-        renderer = content.get('gridRenderer') or content.get('expandedShelfContentsRenderer')
-        if renderer:
-            # TODO: add support for nested playlists so each shelf is processed
-            # as separate playlist
-            # TODO: this includes only first N items
-            yield from self._grid_entries(renderer)
-        renderer = content.get('horizontalListRenderer')
-        if renderer:
-            # TODO: handle case
-            pass
-
-    def _shelf_entries(self, shelf_renderer, skip_channels=False):
-        ep = try_get(
-            shelf_renderer, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
-            str)
-        shelf_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', ep)
-        if shelf_url:
-            # Skipping links to another channels, note that checking for
-            # endpoint.commandMetadata.webCommandMetadata.webPageTypwebPageType == WEB_PAGE_TYPE_CHANNEL
-            # will not work
-            if skip_channels and '/channels?' in shelf_url:
-                return
-            title = self._get_text(shelf_renderer, 'title')
-            yield self.url_result(shelf_url, video_title=title)
-        # Shelf may not contain shelf URL, fallback to extraction from content
-        yield from self._shelf_entries_from_content(shelf_renderer)
-
-    def _playlist_entries(self, video_list_renderer):
-        for content in video_list_renderer['contents']:
-            if not isinstance(content, dict):
-                continue
-            renderer = content.get('playlistVideoRenderer') or content.get('playlistPanelVideoRenderer')
-            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
-                continue
-            video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
-            if not video_id:
-                continue
-            yield self._extract_video(renderer)
-
-    def _rich_entries(self, rich_grid_renderer):
-        renderer = traverse_obj(
-            rich_grid_renderer,
-            ('content', ('videoRenderer', 'reelItemRenderer', 'playlistRenderer')), get_all=False) or {}
-        video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
-        if video_id:
-            yield self._extract_video(renderer)
-            return
-        playlist_id = renderer.get('playlistId')
-        if playlist_id:
-            yield self.url_result(
-                f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
-                ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
-                video_title=self._get_text(renderer, 'title'))
-            return
-
-    def _video_entry(self, video_renderer):
-        video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
-        if video_id:
-            return self._extract_video(video_renderer)
-
-    def _hashtag_tile_entry(self, hashtag_tile_renderer):
-        url = urljoin('https://youtube.com', traverse_obj(
-            hashtag_tile_renderer, ('onTapCommand', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url')))
-        if url:
-            return self.url_result(
-                url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), title=self._get_text(hashtag_tile_renderer, 'hashtag'))
-
-    def _post_thread_entries(self, post_thread_renderer):
-        post_renderer = try_get(
-            post_thread_renderer, lambda x: x['post']['backstagePostRenderer'], dict)
-        if not post_renderer:
-            return
-        # video attachment
-        video_renderer = try_get(
-            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['videoRenderer'], dict) or {}
-        video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
-        if video_id:
-            entry = self._extract_video(video_renderer)
-            if entry:
-                yield entry
-        # playlist attachment
-        playlist_id = try_get(
-            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['playlistRenderer']['playlistId'], str)
-        if playlist_id:
-            yield self.url_result(
-                f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
-                ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
-        # inline video links
-        runs = try_get(post_renderer, lambda x: x['contentText']['runs'], list) or []
-        for run in runs:
-            if not isinstance(run, dict):
-                continue
-            ep_url = try_get(
-                run, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['urlEndpoint']['url'], str)
-            if not ep_url:
-                continue
-            if not YoutubeIE.suitable(ep_url):
-                continue
-            ep_video_id = YoutubeIE._match_id(ep_url)
-            if video_id == ep_video_id:
-                continue
-            yield self.url_result(ep_url, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=ep_video_id)
-
-    def _post_thread_continuation_entries(self, post_thread_continuation):
-        contents = post_thread_continuation.get('contents')
-        if not isinstance(contents, list):
-            return
-        for content in contents:
-            renderer = content.get('backstagePostThreadRenderer')
-            if isinstance(renderer, dict):
-                yield from self._post_thread_entries(renderer)
-                continue
-            renderer = content.get('videoRenderer')
-            if isinstance(renderer, dict):
-                yield self._video_entry(renderer)
-
-    r''' # unused
-    def _rich_grid_entries(self, contents):
-        for content in contents:
-            video_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['richItemRenderer']['content']['videoRenderer'], dict)
-            if video_renderer:
-                entry = self._video_entry(video_renderer)
-                if entry:
-                    yield entry
-    '''
-
-    def _report_history_entries(self, renderer):
-        for url in traverse_obj(renderer, (
-                'rows', ..., 'reportHistoryTableRowRenderer', 'cells', ...,
-                'reportHistoryTableCellRenderer', 'cell', 'reportHistoryTableTextCellRenderer', 'text', 'runs', ...,
-                'navigationEndpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url')):
-            yield self.url_result(urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', url), YoutubeIE)
-
-    def _extract_entries(self, parent_renderer, continuation_list):
-        # continuation_list is modified in-place with continuation_list = [continuation_token]
-        continuation_list[:] = [None]
-        contents = try_get(parent_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
-        for content in contents:
-            if not isinstance(content, dict):
-                continue
-            is_renderer = traverse_obj(
-                content, 'itemSectionRenderer', 'musicShelfRenderer', 'musicShelfContinuation',
-                expected_type=dict)
-            if not is_renderer:
-                if content.get('richItemRenderer'):
-                    for entry in self._rich_entries(content['richItemRenderer']):
-                        yield entry
-                    continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(parent_renderer)
-                elif content.get('reportHistorySectionRenderer'):  # https://www.youtube.com/reporthistory
-                    table = traverse_obj(content, ('reportHistorySectionRenderer', 'table', 'tableRenderer'))
-                    yield from self._report_history_entries(table)
-                    continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(table)
-                continue
-
-            isr_contents = try_get(is_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
-            for isr_content in isr_contents:
-                if not isinstance(isr_content, dict):
-                    continue
-
-                known_renderers = {
-                    'playlistVideoListRenderer': self._playlist_entries,
-                    'gridRenderer': self._grid_entries,
-                    'reelShelfRenderer': self._grid_entries,
-                    'shelfRenderer': self._shelf_entries,
-                    'musicResponsiveListItemRenderer': lambda x: [self._music_reponsive_list_entry(x)],
-                    'backstagePostThreadRenderer': self._post_thread_entries,
-                    'videoRenderer': lambda x: [self._video_entry(x)],
-                    'playlistRenderer': lambda x: self._grid_entries({'items': [{'playlistRenderer': x}]}),
-                    'channelRenderer': lambda x: self._grid_entries({'items': [{'channelRenderer': x}]}),
-                    'hashtagTileRenderer': lambda x: [self._hashtag_tile_entry(x)],
-                    'richGridRenderer': lambda x: self._extract_entries(x, continuation_list),
-                }
-                for key, renderer in isr_content.items():
-                    if key not in known_renderers:
-                        continue
-                    for entry in known_renderers[key](renderer):
-                        if entry:
-                            yield entry
-                    continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(renderer)
-                    break
-
-            if not continuation_list[0]:
-                continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(is_renderer)
-
-        if not continuation_list[0]:
-            continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(parent_renderer)
-
-    def _entries(self, tab, item_id, ytcfg, account_syncid, visitor_data):
-        continuation_list = [None]
-        extract_entries = lambda x: self._extract_entries(x, continuation_list)
-        tab_content = try_get(tab, lambda x: x['content'], dict)
-        if not tab_content:
-            return
-        parent_renderer = (
-            try_get(tab_content, lambda x: x['sectionListRenderer'], dict)
-            or try_get(tab_content, lambda x: x['richGridRenderer'], dict) or {})
-        yield from extract_entries(parent_renderer)
-        continuation = continuation_list[0]
-        seen_continuations = set()
-        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
-            if not continuation:
-                break
-            continuation_token = continuation.get('continuation')
-            if continuation_token is not None and continuation_token in seen_continuations:
-                self.write_debug('Detected YouTube feed looping - assuming end of feed.')
-                break
-            seen_continuations.add(continuation_token)
-            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
-                ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=account_syncid, visitor_data=visitor_data)
-            response = self._extract_response(
-                item_id=f'{item_id} page {page_num}',
-                query=continuation, headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
-                check_get_keys=('continuationContents', 'onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'))
-
-            if not response:
-                break
-            # Extracting updated visitor data is required to prevent an infinite extraction loop in some cases
-            # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28702
-            visitor_data = self._extract_visitor_data(response) or visitor_data
-
-            known_renderers = {
-                'videoRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),  # for membership tab
-                'gridPlaylistRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
-                'gridVideoRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
-                'gridChannelRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
-                'playlistVideoRenderer': (self._playlist_entries, 'contents'),
-                'itemSectionRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for feeds
-                'richItemRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for hashtag
-                'backstagePostThreadRenderer': (self._post_thread_continuation_entries, 'contents'),
-                'reportHistoryTableRowRenderer': (self._report_history_entries, 'rows'),
-                'playlistVideoListContinuation': (self._playlist_entries, None),
-                'gridContinuation': (self._grid_entries, None),
-                'itemSectionContinuation': (self._post_thread_continuation_entries, None),
-                'sectionListContinuation': (extract_entries, None),  # for feeds
-            }
-
-            continuation_items = traverse_obj(response, (
-                ('onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'), ...,
-                'appendContinuationItemsAction', 'continuationItems',
-            ), 'continuationContents', get_all=False)
-            continuation_item = traverse_obj(continuation_items, 0, None, expected_type=dict, default={})
-
-            video_items_renderer = None
-            for key in continuation_item:
-                if key not in known_renderers:
-                    continue
-                func, parent_key = known_renderers[key]
-                video_items_renderer = {parent_key: continuation_items} if parent_key else continuation_items
-                continuation_list = [None]
-                yield from func(video_items_renderer)
-                continuation = continuation_list[0] or self._extract_continuation(video_items_renderer)
-
-            if not video_items_renderer:
-                break
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_selected_tab(tabs, fatal=True):
-        for tab_renderer in tabs:
-            if tab_renderer.get('selected'):
-                return tab_renderer
-        if fatal:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find selected tab')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_tab_renderers(response):
-        return traverse_obj(
-            response, ('contents', 'twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer', 'tabs', ..., ('tabRenderer', 'expandableTabRenderer')), expected_type=dict)
-
-    def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs):
-        metadata = self._extract_metadata_from_tabs(item_id, data)
-
-        selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
-        metadata['title'] += format_field(selected_tab, 'title', ' - %s')
-        metadata['title'] += format_field(selected_tab, 'expandedText', ' - %s')
-
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            self._entries(
-                selected_tab, metadata['id'], ytcfg,
-                self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
-                self._extract_visitor_data(data, ytcfg)),
-            **metadata)
-
-    def _extract_metadata_from_tabs(self, item_id, data):
-        info = {'id': item_id}
-
-        metadata_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('metadata', 'channelMetadataRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
-        if metadata_renderer:
-            channel_id = traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, ('externalId', {self.ucid_or_none}),
-                                      ('channelUrl', {self.ucid_from_url}))
-            info.update({
-                'channel': metadata_renderer.get('title'),
-                'channel_id': channel_id,
-            })
-            if info['channel_id']:
-                info['id'] = info['channel_id']
-        else:
-            metadata_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('metadata', 'playlistMetadataRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
-
-        # pageHeaderViewModel slow rollout began April 2024
-        page_header_view_model = traverse_obj(data, (
-            'header', 'pageHeaderRenderer', 'content', 'pageHeaderViewModel', {dict}))
-
-        # We can get the uncropped banner/avatar by replacing the crop params with '=s0'
-        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2237#issuecomment-1013694714
-        def _get_uncropped(url):
-            return url_or_none((url or '').split('=')[0] + '=s0')
-
-        avatar_thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(metadata_renderer, 'avatar')
-        if avatar_thumbnails:
-            uncropped_avatar = _get_uncropped(avatar_thumbnails[0]['url'])
-            if uncropped_avatar:
-                avatar_thumbnails.append({
-                    'url': uncropped_avatar,
-                    'id': 'avatar_uncropped',
-                    'preference': 1,
-                })
-
-        channel_banners = (
-            self._extract_thumbnails(data, ('header', ..., ('banner', 'mobileBanner', 'tvBanner')))
-            or self._extract_thumbnails(
-                page_header_view_model, ('banner', 'imageBannerViewModel', 'image'), final_key='sources'))
-        for banner in channel_banners:
-            banner['preference'] = -10
-
-        if channel_banners:
-            uncropped_banner = _get_uncropped(channel_banners[0]['url'])
-            if uncropped_banner:
-                channel_banners.append({
-                    'url': uncropped_banner,
-                    'id': 'banner_uncropped',
-                    'preference': -5,
-                })
-
-        # Deprecated - remove primary_sidebar_renderer when layout discontinued
-        primary_sidebar_renderer = self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer')
-        playlist_header_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('header', 'playlistHeaderRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
-
-        primary_thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(
-            primary_sidebar_renderer, ('thumbnailRenderer', ('playlistVideoThumbnailRenderer', 'playlistCustomThumbnailRenderer'), 'thumbnail'))
-        playlist_thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(
-            playlist_header_renderer, ('playlistHeaderBanner', 'heroPlaylistThumbnailRenderer', 'thumbnail'))
-
-        info.update({
-            'title': (traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, 'title')
-                      or self._get_text(data, ('header', 'hashtagHeaderRenderer', 'hashtag'))
-                      or info['id']),
-            'availability': self._extract_availability(data),
-            'channel_follower_count': (
-                self._get_count(data, ('header', ..., 'subscriberCountText'))
-                or traverse_obj(page_header_view_model, (
-                    'metadata', 'contentMetadataViewModel', 'metadataRows', ..., 'metadataParts',
-                    lambda _, v: 'subscribers' in v['text']['content'], 'text', 'content', {parse_count}, any))),
-            'description': try_get(metadata_renderer, lambda x: x.get('description', '')),
-            'tags': (traverse_obj(data, ('microformat', 'microformatDataRenderer', 'tags', ..., {str}))
-                     or traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, ('keywords', {lambda x: x and shlex.split(x)}, ...))),
-            'thumbnails': (primary_thumbnails or playlist_thumbnails) + avatar_thumbnails + channel_banners,
-        })
-
-        channel_handle = (
-            traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, (('vanityChannelUrl', ('ownerUrls', ...)), {self.handle_from_url}), get_all=False)
-            or traverse_obj(data, ('header', ..., 'channelHandleText', {self.handle_or_none}), get_all=False))
-
-        if channel_handle:
-            info.update({
-                'uploader_id': channel_handle,
-                'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
-            })
-
-        channel_badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(data, ('header', ..., 'badges'), get_all=False))
-        if self._has_badge(channel_badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED):
-            info['channel_is_verified'] = True
-        # Playlist stats is a text runs array containing [video count, view count, last updated].
-        # last updated or (view count and last updated) may be missing.
-        playlist_stats = get_first(
-            (primary_sidebar_renderer, playlist_header_renderer), (('stats', 'briefStats', 'numVideosText'), ))
-
-        last_updated_unix = self._parse_time_text(
-            self._get_text(playlist_stats, 2)  # deprecated, remove when old layout discontinued
-            or self._get_text(playlist_header_renderer, ('byline', 1, 'playlistBylineRenderer', 'text')))
-        info['modified_date'] = strftime_or_none(last_updated_unix)
-
-        info['view_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_stats, 1)
-        if info['view_count'] is None:  # 0 is allowed
-            info['view_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_header_renderer, 'viewCountText')
-        if info['view_count'] is None:
-            info['view_count'] = self._get_count(data, (
-                'contents', 'twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer', 'tabs', ..., 'tabRenderer', 'content', 'sectionListRenderer',
-                'contents', ..., 'itemSectionRenderer', 'contents', ..., 'channelAboutFullMetadataRenderer', 'viewCountText'))
-
-        info['playlist_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_stats, 0)
-        if info['playlist_count'] is None:  # 0 is allowed
-            info['playlist_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_header_renderer, ('byline', 0, 'playlistBylineRenderer', 'text'))
-
-        if not info.get('channel_id'):
-            owner = traverse_obj(playlist_header_renderer, 'ownerText')
-            if not owner:  # Deprecated
-                owner = traverse_obj(
-                    self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarSecondaryInfoRenderer'),
-                    ('videoOwner', 'videoOwnerRenderer', 'title'))
-            owner_text = self._get_text(owner)
-            browse_ep = traverse_obj(owner, ('runs', 0, 'navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint')) or {}
-            info.update({
-                'channel': self._search_regex(r'^by (.+) and \d+ others?$', owner_text, 'uploader', default=owner_text),
-                'channel_id': self.ucid_or_none(browse_ep.get('browseId')),
-                'uploader_id': self.handle_from_url(urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', browse_ep.get('canonicalBaseUrl'))),
-            })
-
-        info.update({
-            'uploader': info['channel'],
-            'channel_url': format_field(info.get('channel_id'), None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s', default=None),
-            'uploader_url': format_field(info.get('uploader_id'), None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
-        })
-
-        return info
-
-    def _extract_inline_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg):
-        first_id = last_id = response = None
-        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
-            videos = list(self._playlist_entries(playlist))
-            if not videos:
-                return
-            start = next((i for i, v in enumerate(videos) if v['id'] == last_id), -1) + 1
-            if start >= len(videos):
-                return
-            yield from videos[start:]
-            first_id = first_id or videos[0]['id']
-            last_id = videos[-1]['id']
-            watch_endpoint = try_get(
-                playlist, lambda x: x['contents'][-1]['playlistPanelVideoRenderer']['navigationEndpoint']['watchEndpoint'])
-            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
-                ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
-                visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response, data, ytcfg))
-            query = {
-                'playlistId': playlist_id,
-                'videoId': watch_endpoint.get('videoId') or last_id,
-                'index': watch_endpoint.get('index') or len(videos),
-                'params': watch_endpoint.get('params') or 'OAE%3D',
-            }
-            response = self._extract_response(
-                item_id=f'{playlist_id} page {page_num}',
-                query=query, ep='next', headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
-                check_get_keys='contents',
-            )
-            playlist = try_get(
-                response, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)
-
-    def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist, ytcfg):
-        title = playlist.get('title') or try_get(
-            data, lambda x: x['titleText']['simpleText'], str)
-        playlist_id = playlist.get('playlistId') or item_id
-
-        # Delegating everything except mix playlists to regular tab-based playlist URL
-        playlist_url = urljoin(url, try_get(
-            playlist, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
-            str))
-
-        # Some playlists are unviewable but YouTube still provides a link to the (broken) playlist page [1]
-        # [1] MLCT, RLTDwFCb4jeqaKWnciAYM-ZVHg
-        is_known_unviewable = re.fullmatch(r'MLCT|RLTD[\w-]{22}', playlist_id)
-
-        if playlist_url and playlist_url != url and not is_known_unviewable:
-            return self.url_result(
-                playlist_url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
-                video_title=title)
-
-        return self.playlist_result(
-            self._extract_inline_playlist(playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg),
-            playlist_id=playlist_id, playlist_title=title)
-
-    def _extract_availability(self, data):
-        """
-        Gets the availability of a given playlist/tab.
-        Note: Unless YouTube tells us explicitly, we do not assume it is public
-        @param data: response
-        """
-        sidebar_renderer = self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer') or {}
-        playlist_header_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('header', 'playlistHeaderRenderer')) or {}
-        player_header_privacy = playlist_header_renderer.get('privacy')
-
-        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(sidebar_renderer, 'badges'))
-
-        # Personal playlists, when authenticated, have a dropdown visibility selector instead of a badge
-        privacy_setting_icon = get_first(
-            (playlist_header_renderer, sidebar_renderer),
-            ('privacyForm', 'dropdownFormFieldRenderer', 'dropdown', 'dropdownRenderer', 'entries',
-             lambda _, v: v['privacyDropdownItemRenderer']['isSelected'], 'privacyDropdownItemRenderer', 'icon', 'iconType'),
-            expected_type=str)
-
-        microformats_is_unlisted = traverse_obj(
-            data, ('microformat', 'microformatDataRenderer', 'unlisted'), expected_type=bool)
-
-        return (
-            'public' if (
-                self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC)
-                or player_header_privacy == 'PUBLIC'
-                or privacy_setting_icon == 'PRIVACY_PUBLIC')
-            else self._availability(
-                is_private=(
-                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE)
-                    or player_header_privacy == 'PRIVATE' if player_header_privacy is not None
-                    else privacy_setting_icon == 'PRIVACY_PRIVATE' if privacy_setting_icon is not None else None),
-                is_unlisted=(
-                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED)
-                    or player_header_privacy == 'UNLISTED' if player_header_privacy is not None
-                    else privacy_setting_icon == 'PRIVACY_UNLISTED' if privacy_setting_icon is not None
-                    else microformats_is_unlisted if microformats_is_unlisted is not None else None),
-                needs_subscription=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION) or None,
-                needs_premium=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM) or None,
-                needs_auth=False))
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, info_renderer, expected_type=dict):
-        sidebar_renderer = try_get(
-            data, lambda x: x['sidebar']['playlistSidebarRenderer']['items'], list) or []
-        for item in sidebar_renderer:
-            renderer = try_get(item, lambda x: x[info_renderer], expected_type)
-            if renderer:
-                return renderer
-
-    def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, ytcfg):
-        """
-        Reload playlists with unavailable videos (e.g. private videos, region blocked, etc.)
-        """
-        is_playlist = bool(traverse_obj(
-            data, ('metadata', 'playlistMetadataRenderer'), ('header', 'playlistHeaderRenderer')))
-        if not is_playlist:
-            return
-        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
-            ytcfg=ytcfg, account_syncid=self._extract_account_syncid(ytcfg, data),
-            visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(data, ytcfg))
-        query = {
-            'params': 'wgYCCAA=',
-            'browseId': f'VL{item_id}',
-        }
-        return self._extract_response(
-            item_id=item_id, headers=headers, query=query,
-            check_get_keys='contents', fatal=False, ytcfg=ytcfg,
-            note='Redownloading playlist API JSON with unavailable videos')
-
-    @functools.cached_property
-    def skip_webpage(self):
-        return 'webpage' in self._configuration_arg('skip', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
-
-    def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id, fatal=True):
-        webpage, data = None, None
-        for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=fatal):
-            try:
-                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, item_id, note='Downloading webpage')
-                data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(item_id, webpage or '', fatal=fatal) or {}
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
-                    if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status not in (403, 429):
-                        retry.error = e
-                        continue
-                self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
-                break
-
-            try:
-                self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
-                break
-
-            # Sometimes youtube returns a webpage with incomplete ytInitialData
-            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/116
-            if not traverse_obj(data, 'contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint', 'onResponseReceivedActions'):
-                retry.error = ExtractorError('Incomplete yt initial data received')
-                data = None
-                continue
-
-        return webpage, data
-
-    def _report_playlist_authcheck(self, ytcfg, fatal=True):
-        """Use if failed to extract ytcfg (and data) from initial webpage"""
-        if not ytcfg and self.is_authenticated:
-            msg = 'Playlists that require authentication may not extract correctly without a successful webpage download'
-            if 'authcheck' not in self._configuration_arg('skip', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key()) and fatal:
-                raise ExtractorError(
-                    f'{msg}. If you are not downloading private content, or '
-                    'your cookies are only for the first account and channel,'
-                    ' pass "--extractor-args youtubetab:skip=authcheck" to skip this check',
-                    expected=True)
-            self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)
-
-    def _extract_data(self, url, item_id, ytcfg=None, fatal=True, webpage_fatal=False, default_client='web'):
-        data = None
-        if not self.skip_webpage:
-            webpage, data = self._extract_webpage(url, item_id, fatal=webpage_fatal)
-            ytcfg = ytcfg or self.extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
-            # Reject webpage data if redirected to home page without explicitly requesting
-            selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(self._extract_tab_renderers(data), fatal=False) or {}
-            if (url != 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended'
-                    and selected_tab.get('tabIdentifier') == 'FEwhat_to_watch'  # Home page
-                    and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in self.get_param('compat_opts', [])):
-                msg = 'The channel/playlist does not exist and the URL redirected to youtube.com home page'
-                if fatal:
-                    raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)
-                self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)
-        if not data:
-            self._report_playlist_authcheck(ytcfg, fatal=fatal)
-            data = self._extract_tab_endpoint(url, item_id, ytcfg, fatal=fatal, default_client=default_client)
-        return data, ytcfg
-
-    def _extract_tab_endpoint(self, url, item_id, ytcfg=None, fatal=True, default_client='web'):
-        headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, default_client=default_client)
-        resolve_response = self._extract_response(
-            item_id=item_id, query={'url': url}, check_get_keys='endpoint', headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=fatal,
-            ep='navigation/resolve_url', note='Downloading API parameters API JSON', default_client=default_client)
-        endpoints = {'browseEndpoint': 'browse', 'watchEndpoint': 'next'}
-        for ep_key, ep in endpoints.items():
-            params = try_get(resolve_response, lambda x: x['endpoint'][ep_key], dict)
-            if params:
-                return self._extract_response(
-                    item_id=item_id, query=params, ep=ep, headers=headers,
-                    ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=fatal, default_client=default_client,
-                    check_get_keys=('contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint', 'onResponseReceivedActions'))
-        err_note = 'Failed to resolve url (does the playlist exist?)'
-        if fatal:
-            raise ExtractorError(err_note, expected=True)
-        self.report_warning(err_note, item_id)
-
-    _SEARCH_PARAMS = None
-
-    def _search_results(self, query, params=NO_DEFAULT, default_client='web'):
-        data = {'query': query}
-        if params is NO_DEFAULT:
-            params = self._SEARCH_PARAMS
-        if params:
-            data['params'] = params
-
-        content_keys = (
-            ('contents', 'twoColumnSearchResultsRenderer', 'primaryContents', 'sectionListRenderer', 'contents'),
-            ('onResponseReceivedCommands', 0, 'appendContinuationItemsAction', 'continuationItems'),
-            # ytmusic search
-            ('contents', 'tabbedSearchResultsRenderer', 'tabs', 0, 'tabRenderer', 'content', 'sectionListRenderer', 'contents'),
-            ('continuationContents', ),
-        )
-        display_id = f'query "{query}"'
-        check_get_keys = tuple({keys[0] for keys in content_keys})
-        ytcfg = self._download_ytcfg(default_client, display_id) if not self.skip_webpage else {}
-        self._report_playlist_authcheck(ytcfg, fatal=False)
-
-        continuation_list = [None]
-        search = None
-        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
-            data.update(continuation_list[0] or {})
-            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
-                ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(search), default_client=default_client)
-            search = self._extract_response(
-                item_id=f'{display_id} page {page_num}', ep='search', query=data,
-                default_client=default_client, check_get_keys=check_get_keys, ytcfg=ytcfg, headers=headers)
-            slr_contents = traverse_obj(search, *content_keys)
-            yield from self._extract_entries({'contents': list(variadic(slr_contents))}, continuation_list)
-            if not continuation_list[0]:
-                break
-
-
-class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube Tabs'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x:
-        https?://
-            (?!consent\.)(?:\w+\.)?
-            (?:
-                youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
-                {invidious}
-            )/
-            (?:
-                (?P<channel_type>channel|c|user|browse)/|
-                (?P<not_channel>
-                    feed/|hashtag/|
-                    (?:playlist|watch)\?.*?\blist=
-                )|
-                (?!(?:{reserved_names})\b)  # Direct URLs
-            )
-            (?P<id>[^/?\#&]+)
-    )'''.format(
-        reserved_names=YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._RESERVED_NAMES,
-        invidious='|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
-    )
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:tab'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'note': 'playlists, multipage',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ИгорьКлейнер/playlists?view=1&flow=grid',
-        'playlist_mincount': 94,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'title': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D. - Playlists',
-            'description': 'md5:15d7dd9e333cb987907fcb0d604b233a',
-            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
-            'uploader_id': '@IgorDataScience',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@IgorDataScience',
-            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
-            'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'tags': ['критическое мышление', 'наука просто', 'математика', 'анализ данных'],
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'note': 'playlists, multipage, different order',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
-        'playlist_mincount': 94,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'title': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D. - Playlists',
-            'description': 'md5:15d7dd9e333cb987907fcb0d604b233a',
-            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
-            'uploader_id': '@IgorDataScience',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@IgorDataScience',
-            'tags': ['критическое мышление', 'наука просто', 'математика', 'анализ данных'],
-            'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'note': 'playlists, series',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=3',
-        'playlist_mincount': 5,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Playlists',
-            'description': 'md5:4d1da95432004b7ba840ebc895b6b4c9',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
-            'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
-            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
-            'tags': ['Mathematics'],
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'channel_is_verified': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'note': 'playlists, singlepage',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
-        'playlist_mincount': 4,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
-            'title': 'ThirstForScience - Playlists',
-            'description': 'md5:609399d937ea957b0f53cbffb747a14c',
-            'uploader': 'ThirstForScience',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ThirstForScience',
-            'uploader_id': '@ThirstForScience',
-            'channel_id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
-            'tags': 'count:12',
-            'channel': 'ThirstForScience',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChristophLaimer/playlists',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'basic, single video playlist',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
-            'title': 'youtube-dl public playlist',
-            'description': '',
-            'tags': [],
-            'view_count': int,
-            'modified_date': '20201130',
-            'channel': 'Sergey M.',
-            'channel_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sergeym.6173',
-            'uploader_id': '@sergeym.6173',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 1,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'empty playlist',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
-            'title': 'youtube-dl empty playlist',
-            'tags': [],
-            'channel': 'Sergey M.',
-            'description': '',
-            'modified_date': '20230921',
-            'channel_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-            'availability': 'unlisted',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sergeym.6173',
-            'uploader_id': '@sergeym.6173',
-            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 0,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Home tab',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/featured',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'title': 'lex will - Home',
-            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
-            'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
-            'channel': 'lex will',
-            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 2,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Videos tab',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/videos',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'title': 'lex will - Videos',
-            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
-            'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
-            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
-            'channel': 'lex will',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 975,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Videos tab, sorted by popular',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/videos?view=0&sort=p&flow=grid',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'title': 'lex will - Videos',
-            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
-            'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
-            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
-            'channel': 'lex will',
-            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 199,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Playlists tab',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/playlists',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'title': 'lex will - Playlists',
-            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
-            'uploader': 'lex will',
-            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
-            'channel': 'lex will',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 17,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Community tab',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/community',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'title': 'lex will - Community',
-            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
-            'channel': 'lex will',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
-            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
-            'uploader': 'lex will',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 18,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Channels tab',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/channels',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'title': 'lex will - Channels',
-            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
-            'channel': 'lex will',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
-            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
-            'uploader': 'lex will',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 12,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Search tab',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/search?query=linear%20algebra',
-        'playlist_mincount': 40,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Search - linear algebra',
-            'description': 'md5:4d1da95432004b7ba840ebc895b6b4c9',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'tags': ['Mathematics'],
-            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
-            'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
-            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
-            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
-            'channel_is_verified': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': '29C3: Not my department',
-            'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
-            'description': 'md5:a14dc1a8ef8307a9807fe136a0660268',
-            'tags': [],
-            'view_count': int,
-            'modified_date': '20150605',
-            'channel_id': 'UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
-            'channel': 'Christiaan008',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader_id': '@ChRiStIaAn008',
-            'uploader': 'Christiaan008',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ChRiStIaAn008',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 96,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Large playlist',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
-            'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
-            'tags': [],
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'channel': 'Cauchemar',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'description': '',
-            'channel_id': 'UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader_id': '@Cauchemar89',
-            'uploader': 'Cauchemar',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Cauchemar89',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 1123,
-        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
-    }, {
-        'note': 'even larger playlist, 8832 videos',
-        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/NASAgovVideo/videos',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
-            'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
-            'tags': [],
-            'view_count': int,
-            'channel_id': 'UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
-            'channel': 'Interstellar Movie',
-            'description': '',
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader_id': '@InterstellarMovie',
-            'uploader': 'Interstellar Movie',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@InterstellarMovie',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 21,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Playlist with "show unavailable videos" button',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Uploads from Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
-            'id': 'UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'channel': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
-            'tags': [],
-            'description': '',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
-            'channel_id': 'UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@phimsieunhannhatban',
-            'uploader_id': '@phimsieunhannhatban',
-            'uploader': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 200,
-        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Playlist with unavailable videos in page 7',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Uploads from BlankTV',
-            'id': 'UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
-            'channel': 'BlankTV',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
-            'channel_id': 'UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'tags': [],
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'description': '',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader_id': '@blanktv',
-            'uploader': 'BlankTV',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@blanktv',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 1000,
-        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
-    }, {
-        'note': 'https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/21844',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Data Analysis with Dr Mike Pound',
-            'id': 'PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
-            'description': 'md5:7f567c574d13d3f8c0954d9ffee4e487',
-            'tags': [],
-            'view_count': int,
-            'channel_id': 'UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
-            'channel': 'Computerphile',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'modified_date': '20190712',
-            'uploader_id': '@Computerphile',
-            'uploader': 'Computerphile',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Computerphile',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 11,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://invidio.us/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Playlist URL that does not actually serve a playlist',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
-            'ext': 'webm',
-            'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
-            'upload_date': '20150526',
-            'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
-            'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
-            'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
-            'tags': list,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'like_count': int,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'skip': 'This video is not available.',
-        'add_ie': [YoutubeIE.ie_key()],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=Agk7R8I8o5U&list=PUZ6jURNr1WQZCNHF0ao-c0g',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuAGGZNfUkU&list=RDMM',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ/live',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'hGkQjiJLjWQ',  # This will keep changing
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': str,
-            'upload_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'description': str,
-            'categories': ['News & Politics'],
-            'tags': list,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'release_timestamp': int,
-            'channel': 'Sky News',
-            'channel_id': 'UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ',
-            'age_limit': 0,
-            'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://i\.ytimg\.com/vi/[^/]+/maxresdefault(?:_live)?\.jpg',
-            'playable_in_embed': True,
-            'release_date': r're:\d+',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'live_status': 'is_live',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'concurrent_view_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@SkyNews',
-            'uploader_id': '@SkyNews',
-            'uploader': 'Sky News',
-            'channel_is_verified': True,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in '],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheYoungTurks/live',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
-            'upload_date': '20150715',
-            'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
-            'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
-            'categories': ['News & Politics'],
-            'tags': ['Cenk Uygur (TV Program Creator)', 'The Young Turks (Award-Winning Work)', 'Talk Show (TV Genre)'],
-            'like_count': int,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yBKRuGpC1tSM73A0ZjYjQ/live',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/CommanderVideoHq/live',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'A channel that is not live. Should raise error',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/numberphile/live',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/trending',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/library',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/history',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/subscriptions',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/watch_later',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Recommended - redirects to home page.',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'inline playlist with not always working continuations',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UC6u0Tct-Fo&list=PL36D642111D65BE7C',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/course',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/zsecurity',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/NASAgovVideo/videos',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/hashtag/cctv9',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'cctv9',
-            'title': 'cctv9 - All',
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 300,  # not consistent but should be over 300
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLW4dVinRY435CBE_JD3t-0SRXKfnZHS1P&feature=youtu.be&v=M9cJMXmQ_ZU',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Requires Premium: should request additional YTM-info webpage (and have format 141) for videos in playlist',
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': '/browse/ should redirect to /channel/',
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC1a8OFewdjuLq6KlF8M_8Ng',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'VLPL, should redirect to playlist?list=PL...',
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/VLPLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'PLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
-            'description': 'Providing you with copyright free / safe music for gaming, live streaming, studying and more!',
-            'title': 'NCS : All Releases 💿',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'channel_id': 'UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
-            'tags': [],
-            'channel': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NoCopyrightSounds',
-            'uploader': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
-            'uploader_id': '@NoCopyrightSounds',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 166,
-        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden', 'YouTube Music is not directly supported'],
-    }, {
-        # TODO: fix 'unviewable' issue with this playlist when reloading with unavailable videos
-        'note': 'Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-            'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
-            'tags': [],
-            'channel_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-            'channel': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'description': '',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 101,
-        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported', r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
-    }, {
-        # Destination channel with only a hidden self tab (tab id is UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg)
-        # Treat as a general feed
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
-            'title': 'UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 9,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Youtube music Album',
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/MPREb_gTAcphH99wE',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'OLAK5uy_l1m0thk3g31NmIIz_vMIbWtyv7eZixlH0',
-            'title': 'Album - Royalty Free Music Library V2 (50 Songs)',
-            'tags': [],
-            'view_count': int,
-            'description': '',
-            'availability': 'unlisted',
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 50,
-        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported'],
-    }, {
-        'note': 'unlisted single video playlist',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
-            'title': 'yt-dlp unlisted playlist test',
-            'availability': 'unlisted',
-            'tags': [],
-            'modified_date': '20220418',
-            'channel': 'colethedj',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'description': '',
-            'channel_id': 'UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@colethedj1894',
-            'uploader_id': '@colethedj1894',
-            'uploader': 'colethedj',
-        },
-        'playlist': [{
-            'info_dict': {
-                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
-                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
-                '_type': 'url',
-                'ie_key': 'Youtube',
-                'duration': 10,
-                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
-                'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
-                'uploader_id': '@PhilippHagemeister',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PhilippHagemeister',
-                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
-            },
-        }],
-        'playlist_count': 1,
-        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
-    }, {
-        'note': 'API Fallback: Recommended - redirects to home page. Requires visitorData',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'recommended',
-            'title': 'recommended',
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 50,
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}},
-        },
-    }, {
-        'note': 'API Fallback: /videos tab, sorted by oldest first',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/theCodyReeder/videos?view=0&sort=da&flow=grid',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
-            'title': 'Cody\'sLab - Videos',
-            'description': 'md5:d083b7c2f0c67ee7a6c74c3e9b4243fa',
-            'channel': 'Cody\'sLab',
-            'channel_id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
-            'tags': [],
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 650,
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}},
-        },
-        'skip': 'Query for sorting no longer works',
-    }, {
-        'note': 'API Fallback: Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-            'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'channel_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-            'description': '',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
-            'tags': [],
-            'channel': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 101,
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
-            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}},
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported', r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
-    }, {
-        'note': 'non-standard redirect to regional channel',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwVVpHQ2Cs9iGJfpdFngePQ',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'collaborative playlist (uploader name in the form "by <uploader> and x other(s)")',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLx-_-Kk4c89oOHEDQAojOXzEzemXxoqx6',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'PLx-_-Kk4c89oOHEDQAojOXzEzemXxoqx6',
-            'modified_date': '20220407',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
-            'tags': [],
-            'availability': 'unlisted',
-            'channel_id': 'UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
-            'channel': 'pukkandan',
-            'description': 'Test for collaborative playlist',
-            'title': 'yt-dlp test - collaborative playlist',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@pukkandan',
-            'uploader_id': '@pukkandan',
-            'uploader': 'pukkandan',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 2,
-    }, {
-        'note': 'translated tab name',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA/playlists',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'tags': [],
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'description': 'test description',
-            'title': 'cole-dlp-test-acc - 再生リスト',
-            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
-            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
-            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 1,
-        'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['ja']}}},
-        'expected_warnings': ['Preferring "ja"'],
-    }, {
-        # XXX: this should really check flat playlist entries, but the test suite doesn't support that
-        'note': 'preferred lang set with playlist with translated video titles',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt5yu3-wZAlQAaPZ5Z-rJoTdbT-45Q7c0',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'PLt5yu3-wZAlQAaPZ5Z-rJoTdbT-45Q7c0',
-            'tags': [],
-            'view_count': int,
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'description': 'test',
-            'title': 'dlp test playlist',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
-            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
-            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 1,
-        'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['ja']}}},
-        'expected_warnings': ['Preferring "ja"'],
-    }, {
-        # shorts audio pivot for 2GtVksBMYFM.
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/sfv_audio_pivot?bp=8gUrCikSJwoLMkd0VmtzQk1ZRk0SCzJHdFZrc0JNWUZNGgsyR3RWa3NCTVlGTQ==',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'sfv_audio_pivot',
-            'title': 'sfv_audio_pivot',
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 50,
-
-    }, {
-        # Channel with a real live tab (not to be mistaken with streams tab)
-        # Do not treat like it should redirect to live stream
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEH7P7kyJIkS_gJf93VYbmg/live',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCEH7P7kyJIkS_gJf93VYbmg',
-            'title': 'UCEH7P7kyJIkS_gJf93VYbmg - Live',
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 20,
-    }, {
-        # Tab name is not the same as tab id
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg/letsplay',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg',
-            'title': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg - Let\'s play',
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 8,
-    }, {
-        # Home tab id is literally home. Not to get mistaken with featured
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg/home',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg',
-            'title': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg - Home',
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 8,
-    }, {
-        # Should get three playlists for videos, shorts and streams tabs
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
-            'title': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'channel_id': 'UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
-            'description': 'md5:49809d8bf9da539bc48ed5d1f83c33f2',
-            'channel': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
-            'tags': 'count:35',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@OmaruPolka',
-            'uploader': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
-            'uploader_id': '@OmaruPolka',
-            'channel_is_verified': True,
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 3,
-    }, {
-        # Shorts tab with channel with handle
-        # TODO: fix channel description
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NotJustBikes/shorts',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
-            'title': 'Not Just Bikes - Shorts',
-            'tags': 'count:10',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
-            'description': 'md5:5e82545b3a041345927a92d0585df247',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'channel_id': 'UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
-            'channel': 'Not Just Bikes',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NotJustBikes',
-            'uploader': 'Not Just Bikes',
-            'uploader_id': '@NotJustBikes',
-            'channel_is_verified': True,
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 10,
-    }, {
-        # Streams tab
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig/streams',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
-            'title': '中村悠一 - Live',
-            'tags': 'count:7',
-            'channel_id': 'UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
-            'channel': '中村悠一',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'description': 'md5:e744f6c93dafa7a03c0c6deecb157300',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Yuichi-Nakamura',
-            'uploader_id': '@Yuichi-Nakamura',
-            'uploader': '中村悠一',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 60,
-    }, {
-        # Channel with no uploads and hence no videos, streams, shorts tabs or uploads playlist. This should fail.
-        # See test_youtube_lists
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2yXPzFejc422buOIzn_0CA',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # No uploads and no UCID given. Should fail with no uploads error
-        # See test_youtube_lists
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/news',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # No videos tab but has a shorts tab
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/TKFShorts',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
-            'title': 'Shorts Break - Shorts',
-            'tags': 'count:48',
-            'channel_id': 'UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
-            'channel': 'Shorts Break',
-            'description': 'md5:6de33c5e7ba686e5f3efd4e19c7ef499',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ShortsBreak_Official',
-            'uploader': 'Shorts Break',
-            'uploader_id': '@ShortsBreak_Official',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 30,
-    }, {
-        # Trending Now Tab. tab id is empty
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/trending',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'trending',
-            'title': 'trending - Now',
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 30,
-    }, {
-        # Trending Gaming Tab. tab id is empty
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/trending?bp=4gIcGhpnYW1pbmdfY29ycHVzX21vc3RfcG9wdWxhcg%3D%3D',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'trending',
-            'title': 'trending - Gaming',
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 30,
-    }, {
-        # Shorts url result in shorts tab
-        # TODO: Fix channel id extraction
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA/shorts',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'title': 'cole-dlp-test-acc - Shorts',
-            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-            'description': 'test description',
-            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'tags': [],
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
-            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
-            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-        },
-        'playlist': [{
-            'info_dict': {
-                # Channel data is not currently available for short renderers (as of 2023-03-01)
-                '_type': 'url',
-                'ie_key': 'Youtube',
-                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/sSM9J5YH_60',
-                'id': 'sSM9J5YH_60',
-                'title': 'SHORT short',
-                'view_count': int,
-                'thumbnails': list,
-            },
-        }],
-        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
-    }, {
-        # Live video status should be extracted
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg/live',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg',
-            'title': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg - Live',  # TODO: should be Minecraft - Live or Minecraft - Topic - Live
-            'tags': [],
-        },
-        'playlist': [{
-            'info_dict': {
-                '_type': 'url',
-                'ie_key': 'Youtube',
-                'url': 'startswith:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=',
-                'id': str,
-                'title': str,
-                'live_status': 'is_live',
-                'channel_id': str,
-                'channel_url': str,
-                'concurrent_view_count': int,
-                'channel': str,
-                'uploader': str,
-                'uploader_url': str,
-                'uploader_id': str,
-                'channel_is_verified': bool,  # this will keep changing
-            },
-        }],
-        'params': {'extract_flat': True, 'playlist_items': '1'},
-        'playlist_mincount': 1,
-    }, {
-        # Channel renderer metadata. Contains number of videos on the channel
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA/channels',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'title': 'cole-dlp-test-acc - Channels',
-            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-            'description': 'test description',
-            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
-            'tags': [],
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
-            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
-            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
-        },
-        'playlist': [{
-            'info_dict': {
-                '_type': 'url',
-                'ie_key': 'YoutubeTab',
-                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw',
-                'id': 'UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw',
-                'channel_id': 'UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw',
-                'title': 'PewDiePie',
-                'channel': 'PewDiePie',
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw',
-                'thumbnails': list,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-                'playlist_count': int,
-                'uploader': 'PewDiePie',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PewDiePie',
-                'uploader_id': '@PewDiePie',
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-            },
-        }],
-        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown/about',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '@3blue1brown',
-            'tags': ['Mathematics'],
-            'title': '3Blue1Brown',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'description': 'md5:4d1da95432004b7ba840ebc895b6b4c9',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
-            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
-            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
-            'channel_is_verified': True,
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 0,
-    }, {
-        # Podcasts tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast/podcasts',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
-            'channel_id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
-            'description': 'md5:3a0ed38f1ad42a68ef0428c04a15695c',
-            'title': '99 Percent Invisible - Podcasts',
-            'uploader': '99 Percent Invisible',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
-            'tags': [],
-            'channel': '99 Percent Invisible',
-            'uploader_id': '@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 0,
-    }, {
-        # Releases tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers (same as Podcasts tab)
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AHimitsu/releases',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
-            'channel': 'A Himitsu',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AHimitsu',
-            'title': 'A Himitsu - Releases',
-            'uploader_id': '@AHimitsu',
-            'uploader': 'A Himitsu',
-            'channel_id': 'UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
-            'tags': 'count:12',
-            'description': 'I make music',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'channel_is_verified': True,
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 10,
-    }, {
-        # Playlist with only shorts, shown as reel renderers
-        # FIXME: future: YouTube currently doesn't give continuation for this,
-        # may do in future.
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UUxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'uploader_id': '@BangyShorts',
-            'description': '',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BangyShorts',
-            'channel_id': 'UCxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
-            'channel': 'Bangy Shorts',
-            'uploader': 'Bangy Shorts',
-            'tags': [],
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'title': 'Uploads from Bangy Shorts',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 100,
-        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Tags containing spaces',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_YxT-KID8kRbqZo7MyscQ',
-        'playlist_count': 3,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UC7_YxT-KID8kRbqZo7MyscQ',
-            'channel': 'Markiplier',
-            'channel_id': 'UC7_YxT-KID8kRbqZo7MyscQ',
-            'title': 'Markiplier',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'description': 'md5:0c010910558658824402809750dc5d97',
-            'uploader_id': '@markiplier',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@markiplier',
-            'uploader': 'Markiplier',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_YxT-KID8kRbqZo7MyscQ',
-            'channel_is_verified': True,
-            'tags': ['markiplier', 'comedy', 'gaming', 'funny videos', 'funny moments',
-                     'sketch comedy', 'laughing', 'lets play', 'challenge videos', 'hilarious',
-                     'challenges', 'sketches', 'scary games', 'funny games', 'rage games',
-                     'mark fischbach'],
-        },
-    }]
-
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if YoutubeIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
-
-    _URL_RE = re.compile(rf'(?P<pre>{_VALID_URL})(?(not_channel)|(?P<tab>/[^?#/]+))?(?P<post>.*)$')
-
-    def _get_url_mobj(self, url):
-        mobj = self._URL_RE.match(url).groupdict()
-        mobj.update((k, '') for k, v in mobj.items() if v is None)
-        return mobj
-
-    def _extract_tab_id_and_name(self, tab, base_url='https://www.youtube.com'):
-        tab_name = (tab.get('title') or '').lower()
-        tab_url = urljoin(base_url, traverse_obj(
-            tab, ('endpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url')))
-
-        tab_id = (tab_url and self._get_url_mobj(tab_url)['tab'][1:]
-                  or traverse_obj(tab, 'tabIdentifier', expected_type=str))
-        if tab_id:
-            return {
-                'TAB_ID_SPONSORSHIPS': 'membership',
-            }.get(tab_id, tab_id), tab_name
-
-        # Fallback to tab name if we cannot get the tab id.
-        # XXX: should we strip non-ascii letters? e.g. in case of 'let's play' tab example on special gaming channel
-        # Note that in the case of translated tab name this may result in an empty string, which we don't want.
-        if tab_name:
-            self.write_debug(f'Falling back to selected tab name: {tab_name}')
-        return {
-            'home': 'featured',
-            'live': 'streams',
-        }.get(tab_name, tab_name), tab_name
-
-    def _has_tab(self, tabs, tab_id):
-        return any(self._extract_tab_id_and_name(tab)[0] == tab_id for tab in tabs)
-
-    def _empty_playlist(self, item_id, data):
-        return self.playlist_result([], item_id, **self._extract_metadata_from_tabs(item_id, data))
-
-    @YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor.passthrough_smuggled_data
-    def _real_extract(self, url, smuggled_data):
-        item_id = self._match_id(url)
-        url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
-            urllib.parse.urlparse(url)._replace(netloc='www.youtube.com'))
-        compat_opts = self.get_param('compat_opts', [])
-
-        mobj = self._get_url_mobj(url)
-        pre, tab, post, is_channel = mobj['pre'], mobj['tab'], mobj['post'], not mobj['not_channel']
-        if is_channel and smuggled_data.get('is_music_url'):
-            if item_id[:2] == 'VL':  # Youtube music VL channels have an equivalent playlist
-                return self.url_result(
-                    f'https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list={item_id[2:]}', YoutubeTabIE, item_id[2:])
-            elif item_id[:2] == 'MP':  # Resolve albums (/[channel/browse]/MP...) to their equivalent playlist
-                mdata = self._extract_tab_endpoint(
-                    f'https://music.youtube.com/channel/{item_id}', item_id, default_client='web_music')
-                murl = traverse_obj(mdata, ('microformat', 'microformatDataRenderer', 'urlCanonical'),
-                                    get_all=False, expected_type=str)
-                if not murl:
-                    raise ExtractorError('Failed to resolve album to playlist')
-                return self.url_result(murl, YoutubeTabIE)
-            elif mobj['channel_type'] == 'browse':  # Youtube music /browse/ should be changed to /channel/
-                return self.url_result(
-                    f'https://music.youtube.com/channel/{item_id}{tab}{post}', YoutubeTabIE, item_id)
-
-        original_tab_id, display_id = tab[1:], f'{item_id}{tab}'
-        if is_channel and not tab and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
-            url = f'{pre}/videos{post}'
-        if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url'):
-            self.report_warning(f'YouTube Music is not directly supported. Redirecting to {url}')
-
-        # Handle both video/playlist URLs
-        qs = parse_qs(url)
-        video_id, playlist_id = (traverse_obj(qs, (key, 0)) for key in ('v', 'list'))
-        if not video_id and mobj['not_channel'].startswith('watch'):
-            if not playlist_id:
-                # If there is neither video or playlist ids, youtube redirects to home page, which is undesirable
-                raise ExtractorError('A video URL was given without video ID', expected=True)
-            # Common mistake: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=playlist_id
-            self.report_warning(f'A video URL was given without video ID. Trying to download playlist {playlist_id}')
-            return self.url_result(
-                f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}', YoutubeTabIE, playlist_id)
-
-        if not self._yes_playlist(playlist_id, video_id):
-            return self.url_result(
-                f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}', YoutubeIE, video_id)
-
-        data, ytcfg = self._extract_data(url, display_id)
-
-        # YouTube may provide a non-standard redirect to the regional channel
-        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2694
-        # https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2976814#zippy=,conditional-redirects
-        redirect_url = traverse_obj(
-            data, ('onResponseReceivedActions', ..., 'navigateAction', 'endpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), get_all=False)
-        if redirect_url and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
-            redirect_url = ''.join((urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', redirect_url), tab, post))
-            self.to_screen(f'This playlist is likely not available in your region. Following conditional redirect to {redirect_url}')
-            return self.url_result(redirect_url, YoutubeTabIE)
-
-        tabs, extra_tabs = self._extract_tab_renderers(data), []
-        if is_channel and tabs and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
-            selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
-            selected_tab_id, selected_tab_name = self._extract_tab_id_and_name(selected_tab, url)  # NB: Name may be translated
-            self.write_debug(f'Selected tab: {selected_tab_id!r} ({selected_tab_name}), Requested tab: {original_tab_id!r}')
-
-            # /about is no longer a tab
-            if original_tab_id == 'about':
-                return self._empty_playlist(item_id, data)
-
-            if not original_tab_id and selected_tab_name:
-                self.to_screen('Downloading all uploads of the channel. '
-                               'To download only the videos in a specific tab, pass the tab\'s URL')
-                if self._has_tab(tabs, 'streams'):
-                    extra_tabs.append(''.join((pre, '/streams', post)))
-                if self._has_tab(tabs, 'shorts'):
-                    extra_tabs.append(''.join((pre, '/shorts', post)))
-                # XXX: Members-only tab should also be extracted
-
-                if not extra_tabs and selected_tab_id != 'videos':
-                    # Channel does not have streams, shorts or videos tabs
-                    if item_id[:2] != 'UC':
-                        return self._empty_playlist(item_id, data)
-
-                    # Topic channels don't have /videos. Use the equivalent playlist instead
-                    pl_id = f'UU{item_id[2:]}'
-                    pl_url = f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={pl_id}'
-                    try:
-                        data, ytcfg = self._extract_data(pl_url, pl_id, ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=True, webpage_fatal=True)
-                    except ExtractorError:
-                        return self._empty_playlist(item_id, data)
-                    else:
-                        item_id, url = pl_id, pl_url
-                        self.to_screen(
-                            f'The channel does not have a videos, shorts, or live tab. Redirecting to playlist {pl_id} instead')
-
-                elif extra_tabs and selected_tab_id != 'videos':
-                    # When there are shorts/live tabs but not videos tab
-                    url, data = f'{pre}{post}', None
-
-            elif (original_tab_id or 'videos') != selected_tab_id:
-                if original_tab_id == 'live':
-                    # Live tab should have redirected to the video
-                    # Except in the case the channel has an actual live tab
-                    # Example: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEH7P7kyJIkS_gJf93VYbmg/live
-                    raise UserNotLive(video_id=item_id)
-                elif selected_tab_name:
-                    raise ExtractorError(f'This channel does not have a {original_tab_id} tab', expected=True)
-
-                # For channels such as https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg
-                url = f'{pre}{post}'
-
-        # YouTube sometimes provides a button to reload playlist with unavailable videos.
-        if 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos' not in compat_opts:
-            data = self._reload_with_unavailable_videos(display_id, data, ytcfg) or data
-        self._extract_and_report_alerts(data, only_once=True)
-
-        tabs, entries = self._extract_tab_renderers(data), []
-        if tabs:
-            entries = [self._extract_from_tabs(item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs)]
-            entries[0].update({
-                'extractor_key': YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(),
-                'extractor': YoutubeTabIE.IE_NAME,
-                'webpage_url': url,
-            })
-        if self.get_param('playlist_items') == '0':
-            entries.extend(self.url_result(u, YoutubeTabIE) for u in extra_tabs)
-        else:  # Users expect to get all `video_id`s even with `--flat-playlist`. So don't return `url_result`
-            entries.extend(map(self._real_extract, extra_tabs))
-
-        if len(entries) == 1:
-            return entries[0]
-        elif entries:
-            metadata = self._extract_metadata_from_tabs(item_id, data)
-            uploads_url = 'the Uploads (UU) playlist URL'
-            if try_get(metadata, lambda x: x['channel_id'].startswith('UC')):
-                uploads_url = f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UU{metadata["channel_id"][2:]}'
-            self.to_screen(
-                'Downloading as multiple playlists, separated by tabs. '
-                f'To download as a single playlist instead, pass {uploads_url}')
-            return self.playlist_result(entries, item_id, **metadata)
-
-        # Inline playlist
-        playlist = traverse_obj(
-            data, ('contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'playlist', 'playlist'), expected_type=dict)
-        if playlist:
-            return self._extract_from_playlist(item_id, url, data, playlist, ytcfg)
-
-        video_id = traverse_obj(
-            data, ('currentVideoEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'), expected_type=str) or video_id
-        if video_id:
-            if tab != '/live':  # live tab is expected to redirect to video
-                self.report_warning(f'Unable to recognize playlist. Downloading just video {video_id}')
-            return self.url_result(f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}', YoutubeIE, video_id)
-
-        raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')
-
-
-class YoutubePlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube playlists'
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)(?:
-                        (?:https?://)?
-                        (?:\w+\.)?
-                        (?:
-                            (?:
-                                youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
-                                {invidious}
-                            )
-                            /.*?\?.*?\blist=
-                        )?
-                        (?P<id>{playlist_id})
-                     )'''.format(
-        playlist_id=YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE,
-        invidious='|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
-    )
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'note': 'issue #673',
-        'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
-            'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
-            'uploader': 'Wickman',
-            'uploader_id': '@WickmanVT',
-            'description': 'md5:8fa6f52abb47a9552002fa3ddfc57fc2',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WickmanVT',
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'channel_id': 'UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
-            'channel': 'Wickman',
-            'tags': [],
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
-            'availability': 'public',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 29,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
-            'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
-        },
-        'playlist_count': 2,
-        'skip': 'This playlist is private',
-    }, {
-        'note': 'embedded',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
-        'playlist_count': 4,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'JODA15',
-            'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
-            'uploader': 'milan',
-            'uploader_id': '@milan5503',
-            'description': '',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
-            'tags': [],
-            'modified_date': '20140919',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'channel': 'milan',
-            'channel_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@milan5503',
-            'availability': 'public',
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos? (is|are|will be) hidden', 'Retrying', 'Giving up'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
-        'playlist_mincount': 455,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
-            'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
-            'uploader': 'LBK',
-            'uploader_id': '@music_king',
-            'description': 'md5:da521864744d60a198e3a88af4db0d9d',
-            'channel': 'LBK',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
-            'tags': [],
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@music_king',
-            'channel_id': 'UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
-            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
-            'availability': 'public',
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
-    }, {
-        'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # music album playlist
-        'url': 'OLAK5uy_m4xAFdmMC5rX3Ji3g93pQe3hqLZw_9LhM',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    @classmethod
-    def suitable(cls, url):
-        if YoutubeTabIE.suitable(url):
-            return False
-        from ..utils import parse_qs
-        qs = parse_qs(url)
-        if qs.get('v', [None])[0]:
-            return False
-        return super().suitable(url)
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
-        is_music_url = YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor.is_music_url(url)
-        url = update_url_query(
-            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist',
-            parse_qs(url) or {'list': playlist_id})
-        if is_music_url:
-            url = smuggle_url(url, {'is_music_url': True})
-        return self.url_result(url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
-
-
-class YoutubeYtBeIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'youtu.be'
-    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://youtu\.be/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{{11}})/*?.*?\blist=(?P<playlist_id>{YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE})'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
-            'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
-            'uploader_id': '@backuspagemuseum',
-            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/@backuspagemuseum',
-            'upload_date': '20161008',
-            'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
-            'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
-            'tags': list,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'age_limit': 0,
-            'playable_in_embed': True,
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.webp',
-            'channel': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
-            'channel_id': 'UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
-            'live_status': 'not_live',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'duration': 59,
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'noplaylist': True,
-            'skip_download': True,
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        video_id = mobj.group('id')
-        playlist_id = mobj.group('playlist_id')
-        return self.url_result(
-            update_url_query('https://www.youtube.com/watch', {
-                'v': video_id,
-                'list': playlist_id,
-                'feature': 'youtu.be',
-            }), ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
-
-
-class YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube livestream embeds'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/embed/live_stream/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?channel=(?P<id>[^&#]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/live_stream?channel=UC2_KI6RB__jGdlnK6dvFEZA',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.url_result(
-            f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}/live',
-            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=channel_id)
-
-
-class YoutubeYtUserIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix'
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
-    _VALID_URL = r'ytuser:(?P<id>.+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        user_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.url_result(f'https://www.youtube.com/user/{user_id}', YoutubeTabIE, user_id)
-
-
-class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)'
-    _VALID_URL = r':ytfav(?:ou?rite)?s?'
-    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': ':ytfav',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': ':ytfavorites',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        return self.url_result(
-            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=LL',
-            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
-
-
-class YoutubeNotificationsIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:notif'
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)'
-    _VALID_URL = r':ytnotif(?:ication)?s?'
-    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': ':ytnotif',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': ':ytnotifications',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _extract_notification_menu(self, response, continuation_list):
-        notification_list = traverse_obj(
-            response,
-            ('actions', 0, 'openPopupAction', 'popup', 'multiPageMenuRenderer', 'sections', 0, 'multiPageMenuNotificationSectionRenderer', 'items'),
-            ('actions', 0, 'appendContinuationItemsAction', 'continuationItems'),
-            expected_type=list) or []
-        continuation_list[0] = None
-        for item in notification_list:
-            entry = self._extract_notification_renderer(item.get('notificationRenderer'))
-            if entry:
-                yield entry
-            continuation = item.get('continuationItemRenderer')
-            if continuation:
-                continuation_list[0] = continuation
-
-    def _extract_notification_renderer(self, notification):
-        video_id = traverse_obj(
-            notification, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'), expected_type=str)
-        url = f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}'
-        channel_id = None
-        if not video_id:
-            browse_ep = traverse_obj(
-                notification, ('navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint'), expected_type=dict)
-            channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(traverse_obj(browse_ep, 'browseId', expected_type=str))
-            post_id = self._search_regex(
-                r'/post/(.+)', traverse_obj(browse_ep, 'canonicalBaseUrl', expected_type=str),
-                'post id', default=None)
-            if not channel_id or not post_id:
-                return
-            # The direct /post url redirects to this in the browser
-            url = f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}/community?lb={post_id}'
-
-        channel = traverse_obj(
-            notification, ('contextualMenu', 'menuRenderer', 'items', 1, 'menuServiceItemRenderer', 'text', 'runs', 1, 'text'),
-            expected_type=str)
-        notification_title = self._get_text(notification, 'shortMessage')
-        if notification_title:
-            notification_title = notification_title.replace('\xad', '')  # remove soft hyphens
-        # TODO: handle recommended videos
-        title = self._search_regex(
-            rf'{re.escape(channel or "")}[^:]+: (.+)', notification_title,
-            'video title', default=None)
-        timestamp = (self._parse_time_text(self._get_text(notification, 'sentTimeText'))
-                     if self._configuration_arg('approximate_date', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE)
-                     else None)
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url',
-            'url': url,
-            'ie_key': (YoutubeIE if video_id else YoutubeTabIE).ie_key(),
-            'video_id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'channel_id': channel_id,
-            'channel': channel,
-            'uploader': channel,
-            'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(notification, 'videoThumbnail'),
-            'timestamp': timestamp,
-        }
-
-    def _notification_menu_entries(self, ytcfg):
-        continuation_list = [None]
-        response = None
-        for page in itertools.count(1):
-            ctoken = traverse_obj(
-                continuation_list, (0, 'continuationEndpoint', 'getNotificationMenuEndpoint', 'ctoken'), expected_type=str)
-            response = self._extract_response(
-                item_id=f'page {page}', query={'ctoken': ctoken} if ctoken else {}, ytcfg=ytcfg,
-                ep='notification/get_notification_menu', check_get_keys='actions',
-                headers=self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response)))
-            yield from self._extract_notification_menu(response, continuation_list)
-            if not continuation_list[0]:
-                break
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = 'notifications'
-        ytcfg = self._download_ytcfg('web', display_id) if not self.skip_webpage else {}
-        self._report_playlist_authcheck(ytcfg)
-        return self.playlist_result(self._notification_menu_entries(ytcfg), display_id, display_id)
-
-
-class YoutubeSearchIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search'
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
-    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
-    _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'EgIQAfABAQ=='  # Videos only
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'ytsearch5:youtube-dl test video',
-        'playlist_count': 5,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
-            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'note': 'Suicide/self-harm search warning',
-        'url': 'ytsearch1:i hate myself and i wanna die',
-        'playlist_count': 1,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'i hate myself and i wanna die',
-            'title': 'i hate myself and i wanna die',
-        },
-    }]
-
-
-class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
-    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search, newest videos first'
-    _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'CAISAhAB8AEB'  # Videos only, sorted by date
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'ytsearchdate5:youtube-dl test video',
-        'playlist_count': 5,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
-            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
-        },
-    }]
-
-
-class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support'
-    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + '_url'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/(?:results|search)\?([^#]+&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&#]|$)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
-        'playlist_mincount': 5,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
-            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=python&sp=EgIQAg%253D%253D',
-        'playlist_mincount': 5,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'python',
-            'title': 'python',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23cats',
-        'playlist_mincount': 1,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '#cats',
-            'title': '#cats',
-            # The test suite does not have support for nested playlists
-            # 'entries': [{
-            #     'url': r're:https://(www\.)?youtube\.com/hashtag/cats',
-            #     'title': '#cats',
-            # }],
-        },
-    }, {
-        # Channel results
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kurzgesagt&sp=EgIQAg%253D%253D',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'kurzgesagt',
-            'title': 'kurzgesagt',
-        },
-        'playlist': [{
-            'info_dict': {
-                '_type': 'url',
-                'id': 'UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
-                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
-                'ie_key': 'YoutubeTab',
-                'channel': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
-                'description': 'md5:4ae48dfa9505ffc307dad26342d06bfc',
-                'title': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
-                'channel_id': 'UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
-                # No longer available for search as it is set to the handle.
-                # 'playlist_count': int,
-                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
-                'thumbnails': list,
-                'uploader_id': '@kurzgesagt',
-                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@kurzgesagt',
-                'uploader': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
-                'channel_is_verified': True,
-                'channel_follower_count': int,
-            },
-        }],
-        'params': {'extract_flat': True, 'playlist_items': '1'},
-        'playlist_mincount': 1,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        qs = parse_qs(url)
-        query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
-        return self.playlist_result(self._search_results(query, qs.get('sp', (None,))[0]), query, query)
-
-
-class YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs'
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:music:search_url'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://music\.youtube\.com/search\?([^#]+&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&#]|$)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music',
-        'playlist_count': 16,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'royalty free music',
-            'title': 'royalty free music',
-        },
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music&sp=EgWKAQIIAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ%3D%3D',
-        'playlist_mincount': 30,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'royalty free music - songs',
-            'title': 'royalty free music - songs',
-        },
-        'params': {'extract_flat': 'in_playlist'},
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music#community+playlists',
-        'playlist_mincount': 30,
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'royalty free music - community playlists',
-            'title': 'royalty free music - community playlists',
-        },
-        'params': {'extract_flat': 'in_playlist'},
-    }]
-
-    _SECTIONS = {
-        'albums': 'EgWKAQIYAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
-        'artists': 'EgWKAQIgAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
-        'community playlists': 'EgeKAQQoAEABagoQChADEAQQCRAF',
-        'featured playlists': 'EgeKAQQoADgBagwQAxAJEAQQDhAKEAU==',
-        'songs': 'EgWKAQIIAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
-        'videos': 'EgWKAQIQAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
-    }
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        qs = parse_qs(url)
-        query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
-        params = qs.get('sp', (None,))[0]
-        if params:
-            section = next((k for k, v in self._SECTIONS.items() if v == params), params)
-        else:
-            section = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(([*url.split('#'), ''])[1]).lower()
-            params = self._SECTIONS.get(section)
-            if not params:
-                section = None
-        title = join_nonempty(query, section, delim=' - ')
-        return self.playlist_result(self._search_results(query, params, default_client='web_music'), title, title)
-
-
-class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
-    """
-    Base class for feed extractors
-    Subclasses must re-define the _FEED_NAME property.
-    """
-    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
-    _FEED_NAME = 'feeds'
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._check_login_required(self)
-
-    @classproperty
-    def IE_NAME(cls):
-        return f'youtube:{cls._FEED_NAME}'
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        return self.url_result(
-            f'https://www.youtube.com/feed/{self._FEED_NAME}', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
-
-
-class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
-    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)'
-    _VALID_URL = r':ytwatchlater'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': ':ytwatchlater',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        return self.url_result(
-            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
-
-
-class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/?(?:[?#]|$)|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
-    _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
-    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': ':ytrec',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': ':ytrecommended',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://youtube.com',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-
-class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)'
-    _VALID_URL = r':ytsub(?:scription)?s?'
-    _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': ':ytsubs',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': ':ytsubscriptions',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-
-class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)'
-    _VALID_URL = r':ythis(?:tory)?'
-    _FEED_NAME = 'history'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': ':ythistory',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-
-class YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_DESC = 'YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)'
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:shorts:pivot:audio'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/source/(?P<id>[\w-]{11})/shorts'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/source/Lyj-MZSAA9o/shorts',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _generate_audio_pivot_params(video_id):
-        """
-        Generates sfv_audio_pivot browse params for this video id
-        """
-        pb_params = b'\xf2\x05+\n)\x12\'\n\x0b%b\x12\x0b%b\x1a\x0b%b' % ((video_id.encode(),) * 3)
-        return urllib.parse.quote(base64.b64encode(pb_params).decode())
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        return self.url_result(
-            f'https://www.youtube.com/feed/sfv_audio_pivot?bp={self._generate_audio_pivot_params(video_id)}',
-            ie=YoutubeTabIE)
-
-
-class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
-    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
-    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
-        (?:https?://)?
-        (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
-        (?:watch\?(?:
-            feature=[a-z_]+|
-            annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
-            x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
-            hl=[^&]*|
-            t=[0-9]+
-        )?
-        |
-            attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
-        )
-        $
-    '''
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        raise ExtractorError(
-            'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
-            'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
-            'like  youtube-dl '
-            '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
-            ' or simply  youtube-dl BaW_jenozKc  .',
-            expected=True)
-
-
-class YoutubeClipIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:clip'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/clip/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        # FIXME: Other metadata should be extracted from the clip, not from the base video
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/clip/UgytZKpehg-hEMBSn3F4AaABCQ',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UgytZKpehg-hEMBSn3F4AaABCQ',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'section_start': 29.0,
-            'section_end': 39.7,
-            'duration': 10.7,
-            'age_limit': 0,
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'categories': ['Gaming'],
-            'channel': 'Scott The Woz',
-            'channel_id': 'UC4rqhyiTs7XyuODcECvuiiQ',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4rqhyiTs7XyuODcECvuiiQ',
-            'description': 'md5:7a4517a17ea9b4bd98996399d8bb36e7',
-            'like_count': int,
-            'playable_in_embed': True,
-            'tags': 'count:17',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/ScPX26pdQik/maxresdefault.webp',
-            'title': 'Mobile Games on Console - Scott The Woz',
-            'upload_date': '20210920',
-            'uploader': 'Scott The Woz',
-            'uploader_id': '@ScottTheWoz',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ScottTheWoz',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'live_status': 'not_live',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'chapters': 'count:20',
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'heatmap': 'count:100',
-        },
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        clip_id = self._match_id(url)
-        _, data = self._extract_webpage(url, clip_id)
-
-        video_id = traverse_obj(data, ('currentVideoEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'))
-        if not video_id:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find video ID')
-
-        clip_data = traverse_obj(data, (
-            'engagementPanels', ..., 'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'content', 'clipSectionRenderer',
-            'contents', ..., 'clipAttributionRenderer', 'onScrubExit', 'commandExecutorCommand', 'commands', ...,
-            'openPopupAction', 'popup', 'notificationActionRenderer', 'actionButton', 'buttonRenderer', 'command',
-            'commandExecutorCommand', 'commands', ..., 'loopCommand'), get_all=False)
-
-        return {
-            '_type': 'url_transparent',
-            'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
-            'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
-            'id': clip_id,
-            'section_start': int(clip_data['startTimeMs']) / 1000,
-            'section_end': int(clip_data['endTimeMs']) / 1000,
-        }
-
-
-class YoutubeConsentRedirectIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:consent'
-    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://consent\.youtube\.com/m\?'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://consent.youtube.com/m?continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Flive%2FqVv6vCqciTM%3Fcbrd%3D1&gl=NL&m=0&pc=yt&hl=en&src=1',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'qVv6vCqciTM',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'age_limit': 0,
-            'uploader_id': '@sana_natori',
-            'comment_count': int,
-            'chapters': 'count:13',
-            'upload_date': '20221223',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qVv6vCqciTM/maxresdefault.jpg',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sana_natori',
-            'like_count': int,
-            'release_date': '20221223',
-            'tags': ['Vtuber', '月ノ美兎', '名取さな', 'にじさんじ', 'クリスマス', '3D配信'],
-            'title': '【 #インターネット女クリスマス 】3Dで歌ってはしゃぐインターネットの女たち【月ノ美兎/名取さな】',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'playable_in_embed': True,
-            'duration': 4438,
-            'availability': 'public',
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'channel_id': 'UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
-            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
-            'live_status': 'was_live',
-            'release_timestamp': 1671793345,
-            'channel': 'さなちゃんねる',
-            'description': 'md5:6aebf95cc4a1d731aebc01ad6cc9806d',
-            'uploader': 'さなちゃんねる',
-            'channel_is_verified': True,
-            'heatmap': 'count:100',
-        },
-        'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'Youtube'},
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        redirect_url = url_or_none(parse_qs(url).get('continue', [None])[-1])
-        if not redirect_url:
-            raise ExtractorError('Invalid cookie consent redirect URL', expected=True)
-        return self.url_result(redirect_url)
-
-
-class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
-    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        raise ExtractorError(
-            f'Incomplete YouTube ID {video_id}. URL {url} looks truncated.',
-            expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..892d860b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# flake8: noqa: F401
+from ._base import YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor
+from ._clip import YoutubeClipIE
+from ._mistakes import YoutubeTruncatedIDIE, YoutubeTruncatedURLIE
+from ._notifications import YoutubeNotificationsIE
+from ._redirect import (
+    YoutubeConsentRedirectIE,
+    YoutubeFavouritesIE,
+    YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor,
+    YoutubeHistoryIE,
+    YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE,
+    YoutubeRecommendedIE,
+    YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE,
+    YoutubeSubscriptionsIE,
+    YoutubeWatchLaterIE,
+    YoutubeYtBeIE,
+    YoutubeYtUserIE,
+)
+from ._search import YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE, YoutubeSearchDateIE, YoutubeSearchIE, YoutubeSearchURLIE
+from ._tab import YoutubePlaylistIE, YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, YoutubeTabIE
+from ._video import YoutubeIE
+
+# Hack to allow plugin overrides work
+for _cls in [
+    YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor,
+    YoutubeClipIE,
+    YoutubeTruncatedIDIE,
+    YoutubeTruncatedURLIE,
+    YoutubeNotificationsIE,
+    YoutubeConsentRedirectIE,
+    YoutubeFavouritesIE,
+    YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor,
+    YoutubeHistoryIE,
+    YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE,
+    YoutubeRecommendedIE,
+    YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE,
+    YoutubeSubscriptionsIE,
+    YoutubeWatchLaterIE,
+    YoutubeYtBeIE,
+    YoutubeYtUserIE,
+    YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE,
+    YoutubeSearchDateIE,
+    YoutubeSearchIE,
+    YoutubeSearchURLIE,
+    YoutubePlaylistIE,
+    YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor,
+    YoutubeTabIE,
+    YoutubeIE,
+]:
+    _cls.__module__ = 'yt_dlp.extractor.youtube'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8ca7d898e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
@@ -0,0 +1,1077 @@
+import calendar
+import copy
+import datetime as dt
+import enum
+import functools
+import hashlib
+import json
+import re
+import time
+import urllib.parse
+
+from ..common import InfoExtractor
+from ...networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
+from ...utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    bug_reports_message,
+    datetime_from_str,
+    filter_dict,
+    get_first,
+    int_or_none,
+    is_html,
+    join_nonempty,
+    parse_count,
+    qualities,
+    str_to_int,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    try_get,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+    variadic,
+)
+
+
+class _PoTokenContext(enum.Enum):
+    PLAYER = 'player'
+    GVS = 'gvs'
+
+
+# any clients starting with _ cannot be explicitly requested by the user
+INNERTUBE_CLIENTS = {
+    'web': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20250312.04.00',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1,
+        'PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS': [_PoTokenContext.GVS],
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
+    },
+    # Safari UA returns pre-merged video+audio 144p/240p/360p/720p/1080p HLS formats
+    'web_safari': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20250312.04.00',
+                'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/15.5 Safari/605.1.15,gzip(gfe)',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 1,
+        'PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS': [_PoTokenContext.GVS],
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
+    },
+    'web_embedded': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20250310.01.00',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 56,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
+    },
+    'web_music': {
+        'INNERTUBE_HOST': 'music.youtube.com',
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB_REMIX',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20250310.01.00',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 67,
+        'PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS': [_PoTokenContext.GVS],
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
+    },
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
+    'web_creator': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'WEB_CREATOR',
+                'clientVersion': '1.20250312.03.01',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 62,
+        'PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS': [_PoTokenContext.GVS],
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
+    },
+    'android': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'ANDROID',
+                'clientVersion': '20.10.38',
+                'androidSdkVersion': 30,
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.youtube/20.10.38 (Linux; U; Android 11) gzip',
+                'osName': 'Android',
+                'osVersion': '11',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 3,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+        'PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS': [_PoTokenContext.GVS],
+    },
+    # YouTube Kids videos aren't returned on this client for some reason
+    'android_vr': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'ANDROID_VR',
+                'clientVersion': '1.62.27',
+                'deviceMake': 'Oculus',
+                'deviceModel': 'Quest 3',
+                'androidSdkVersion': 32,
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.android.apps.youtube.vr.oculus/1.62.27 (Linux; U; Android 12L; eureka-user Build/SQ3A.220605.009.A1) gzip',
+                'osName': 'Android',
+                'osVersion': '12L',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 28,
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+    },
+    # iOS clients have HLS live streams. Setting device model to get 60fps formats.
+    # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipeExtractor/issues/680#issuecomment-1002724558
+    'ios': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'IOS',
+                'clientVersion': '20.10.4',
+                'deviceMake': 'Apple',
+                'deviceModel': 'iPhone16,2',
+                'userAgent': 'com.google.ios.youtube/20.10.4 (iPhone16,2; U; CPU iOS 18_3_2 like Mac OS X;)',
+                'osName': 'iPhone',
+                'osVersion': '18.3.2.22D82',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 5,
+        'PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS': [_PoTokenContext.GVS],
+        'REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER': False,
+    },
+    # mweb has 'ultralow' formats
+    # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/557
+    'mweb': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'MWEB',
+                'clientVersion': '2.20250311.03.00',
+                # mweb previously did not require PO Token with this UA
+                'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (iPad; CPU OS 16_7_10 like Mac OS X) AppleWebKit/605.1.15 (KHTML, like Gecko) Version/16.6 Mobile/15E148 Safari/604.1,gzip(gfe)',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 2,
+        'PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS': [_PoTokenContext.GVS],
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
+    },
+    'tv': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'TVHTML5',
+                'clientVersion': '7.20250312.16.00',
+                'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (ChromiumStylePlatform) Cobalt/Version',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 7,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
+    },
+    # This client now requires sign-in for every video
+    # It was previously an age-gate workaround for videos that were `playable_in_embed`
+    # It may still be useful if signed into an EU account that is not age-verified
+    'tv_embedded': {
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT': {
+            'client': {
+                'clientName': 'TVHTML5_SIMPLY_EMBEDDED_PLAYER',
+                'clientVersion': '2.0',
+            },
+        },
+        'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME': 85,
+        'REQUIRE_AUTH': True,
+        'SUPPORTS_COOKIES': True,
+    },
+}
+
+
+def _split_innertube_client(client_name):
+    variant, *base = client_name.rsplit('.', 1)
+    if base:
+        return variant, base[0], variant
+    base, *variant = client_name.split('_', 1)
+    return client_name, base, variant[0] if variant else None
+
+
+def short_client_name(client_name):
+    main, *parts = _split_innertube_client(client_name)[0].split('_')
+    return join_nonempty(main[:4], ''.join(x[0] for x in parts)).upper()
+
+
+def build_innertube_clients():
+    THIRD_PARTY = {
+        'embedUrl': 'https://www.youtube.com/',  # Can be any valid URL
+    }
+    BASE_CLIENTS = ('ios', 'web', 'tv', 'mweb', 'android')
+    priority = qualities(BASE_CLIENTS[::-1])
+
+    for client, ytcfg in tuple(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS.items()):
+        ytcfg.setdefault('INNERTUBE_HOST', 'www.youtube.com')
+        ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER', True)
+        ytcfg.setdefault('PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS', [])
+        ytcfg.setdefault('REQUIRE_AUTH', False)
+        ytcfg.setdefault('SUPPORTS_COOKIES', False)
+        ytcfg.setdefault('PLAYER_PARAMS', None)
+        ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client'].setdefault('hl', 'en')
+
+        _, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(client)
+        ytcfg['priority'] = 10 * priority(base_client)
+
+        if variant == 'embedded':
+            ytcfg['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['thirdParty'] = THIRD_PARTY
+            ytcfg['priority'] -= 2
+        elif variant:
+            ytcfg['priority'] -= 3
+
+
+build_innertube_clients()
+
+
+class BadgeType(enum.Enum):
+    AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED = enum.auto()
+    AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE = enum.auto()
+    AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC = enum.auto()
+    AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM = enum.auto()
+    AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION = enum.auto()
+    LIVE_NOW = enum.auto()
+    VERIFIED = enum.auto()
+
+
+CONFIGURATION_ARG_KEY = 'youtube'
+
+
+class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
+    """Provide base functions for Youtube extractors"""
+
+    _RESERVED_NAMES = (
+        r'channel|c|user|playlist|watch|w|v|embed|e|live|watch_popup|clip|'
+        r'shorts|movies|results|search|shared|hashtag|trending|explore|feed|feeds|'
+        r'browse|oembed|get_video_info|iframe_api|s/player|source|'
+        r'storefront|oops|index|account|t/terms|about|upload|signin|logout')
+
+    _PLAYLIST_ID_RE = r'(?:(?:PL|LL|EC|UU|FL|RD|UL|TL|PU|OLAK5uy_)[0-9A-Za-z-_]{10,}|RDMM|WL|LL|LM)'
+
+    # _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
+
+    # If True it will raise an error if no login info is provided
+    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
+
+    _INVIDIOUS_SITES = (
+        # invidious-redirect websites
+        r'(?:www\.)?redirect\.invidious\.io',
+        r'(?:(?:www|dev)\.)?invidio\.us',
+        # Invidious instances taken from https://github.com/iv-org/documentation/blob/master/docs/instances.md
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.pussthecat\.org',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zee\.li',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ethibox\.fr',
+        r'(?:www\.)?iv\.ggtyler\.dev',
+        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.vern\.i2p',
+        r'(?:www\.)?am74vkcrjp2d5v36lcdqgsj2m6x36tbrkhsruoegwfcizzabnfgf5zyd\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.riverside\.rocks',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.silur\.me',
+        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.bp\.projectsegfau\.lt',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.g4c3eya4clenolymqbpgwz3q3tawoxw56yhzk4vugqrl6dtu3ejvhjid\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.slipfox\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.esmail5pdn24shtvieloeedh7ehz3nrwcdivnfhfcedl7gf4kwddhkqd\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.vernccvbvyi5qhfzyqengccj7lkove6bjot2xhh5kajhwvidqafczrad\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tiekoetter\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?iv\.odysfvr23q5wgt7i456o5t3trw2cw5dgn56vbjfbq2m7xsc5vqbqpcyd\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.nerdvpn\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.weblibre\.org',
+        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.odyssey346\.dev',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.dhusch\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?iv\.melmac\.space',
+        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.thekitty\.zone',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.privacydev\.net',
+        r'(?:www\.)?ng27owmagn5amdm7l5s3rsqxwscl5ynppnis5dqcasogkyxcfqn7psid\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.drivet\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.priv\.au',
+        r'(?:www\.)?euxxcnhsynwmfidvhjf6uzptsmh4dipkmgdmcmxxuo7tunp3ad2jrwyd\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.vern\.cc',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.esmailelbob\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.sethforprivacy\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.oelrichsgarcia\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.artemislena\.eu',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.flokinet\.to',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.baczek\.me',
+        r'(?:www\.)?y\.com\.sb',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.epicsite\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.lidarshield\.cloud',
+        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.funami\.tech',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.3o7z6yfxhbw7n3za4rss6l434kmv55cgw2vuziwuigpwegswvwzqipyd\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?osbivz6guyeahrwp2lnwyjk2xos342h4ocsxyqrlaopqjuhwn2djiiyd\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?u2cvlit75owumwpy4dj2hsmvkq7nvrclkpht7xgyye2pyoxhpmclkrad\.onion',
+        # youtube-dl invidious instances list
+        r'(?:(?:www|no)\.)?invidiou\.sh',
+        r'(?:(?:www|fi)\.)?invidious\.snopyta\.org',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.kabi\.tk',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.mastodon\.host',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.zapashcanon\.fr',
+        r'(?:www\.)?(?:invidious(?:-us)?|piped)\.kavin\.rocks',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tinfoil-hat\.net',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.himiko\.cloud',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.reallyancient\.tech',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.tube',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidiou\.site',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.site',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.nixnet\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.048596\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.drycat\.fr',
+        r'(?:www\.)?inv\.skyn3t\.in',
+        r'(?:www\.)?tube\.poal\.co',
+        r'(?:www\.)?tube\.connect\.cafe',
+        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.wxzm\.sx',
+        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.mint\.lgbt',
+        r'(?:www\.)?vid\.puffyan\.us',
+        r'(?:www\.)?yewtu\.be',
+        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.elukerio\.org',
+        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.lelux\.fi',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.ggc-project\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.maisputain\.ovh',
+        r'(?:www\.)?ytprivate\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.13ad\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.toot\.koeln',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.fdn\.fr',
+        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.nettohikari\.com',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.namazso\.eu',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.silkky\.cloud',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.exonip\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.riverside\.rocks',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.blamefran\.net',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.moomoo\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?ytb\.trom\.tf',
+        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.cyberhost\.uk',
+        r'(?:www\.)?kgg2m7yk5aybusll\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?qklhadlycap4cnod\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?axqzx4s6s54s32yentfqojs3x5i7faxza6xo3ehd4bzzsg2ii4fv2iid\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?c7hqkpkpemu6e7emz5b4vyz7idjgdvgaaa3dyimmeojqbgpea3xqjoid\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?fz253lmuao3strwbfbmx46yu7acac2jz27iwtorgmbqlkurlclmancad\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?invidious\.l4qlywnpwqsluw65ts7md3khrivpirse744un3x7mlskqauz5pyuzgqd\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?owxfohz4kjyv25fvlqilyxast7inivgiktls3th44jhk3ej3i7ya\.b32\.i2p',
+        r'(?:www\.)?4l2dgddgsrkf2ous66i6seeyi6etzfgrue332grh2n7madpwopotugyd\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?w6ijuptxiku4xpnnaetxvnkc5vqcdu7mgns2u77qefoixi63vbvnpnqd\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?kbjggqkzv65ivcqj6bumvp337z6264huv5kpkwuv6gu5yjiskvan7fad\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?grwp24hodrefzvjjuccrkw3mjq4tzhaaq32amf33dzpmuxe7ilepcmad\.onion',
+        r'(?:www\.)?hpniueoejy4opn7bc4ftgazyqjoeqwlvh2uiku2xqku6zpoa4bf5ruid\.onion',
+        # piped instances from https://github.com/TeamPiped/Piped/wiki/Instances
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.kavin\.rocks',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.tokhmi\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.syncpundit\.io',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.mha\.fi',
+        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.whatever\.social',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.garudalinux\.org',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.rivo\.lol',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped-libre\.kavin\.rocks',
+        r'(?:www\.)?yt\.jae\.fi',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.mint\.lgbt',
+        r'(?:www\.)?il\.ax',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.esmailelbob\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.projectsegfau\.lt',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.privacydev\.net',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.palveluntarjoaja\.eu',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.smnz\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.adminforge\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.whatevertinfoil\.de',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.qdi\.fi',
+        r'(?:(?:www|cf)\.)?piped\.video',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.aeong\.one',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.moomoo\.me',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.chauvet\.pro',
+        r'(?:www\.)?watch\.leptons\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?pd\.vern\.cc',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.hostux\.net',
+        r'(?:www\.)?piped\.lunar\.icu',
+        # Hyperpipe instances from https://hyperpipe.codeberg.page/
+        r'(?:www\.)?hyperpipe\.surge\.sh',
+        r'(?:www\.)?hyperpipe\.esmailelbob\.xyz',
+        r'(?:www\.)?listen\.whatever\.social',
+        r'(?:www\.)?music\.adminforge\.de',
+    )
+
+    # extracted from account/account_menu ep
+    # XXX: These are the supported YouTube UI and API languages,
+    # which is slightly different from languages supported for translation in YouTube studio
+    _SUPPORTED_LANG_CODES = [
+        'af', 'az', 'id', 'ms', 'bs', 'ca', 'cs', 'da', 'de', 'et', 'en-IN', 'en-GB', 'en', 'es',
+        'es-419', 'es-US', 'eu', 'fil', 'fr', 'fr-CA', 'gl', 'hr', 'zu', 'is', 'it', 'sw', 'lv',
+        'lt', 'hu', 'nl', 'no', 'uz', 'pl', 'pt-PT', 'pt', 'ro', 'sq', 'sk', 'sl', 'sr-Latn', 'fi',
+        'sv', 'vi', 'tr', 'be', 'bg', 'ky', 'kk', 'mk', 'mn', 'ru', 'sr', 'uk', 'el', 'hy', 'iw',
+        'ur', 'ar', 'fa', 'ne', 'mr', 'hi', 'as', 'bn', 'pa', 'gu', 'or', 'ta', 'te', 'kn', 'ml',
+        'si', 'th', 'lo', 'my', 'ka', 'am', 'km', 'zh-CN', 'zh-TW', 'zh-HK', 'ja', 'ko',
+    ]
+
+    _IGNORED_WARNINGS = {
+        'Unavailable videos will be hidden during playback',
+        'Unavailable videos are hidden',
+    }
+
+    _YT_HANDLE_RE = r'@[\w.-]{3,30}'  # https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/11585688?hl=en
+    _YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE = r'UC[\w-]{22}'
+
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'
+
+    def ucid_or_none(self, ucid):
+        return self._search_regex(rf'^({self._YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE})$', ucid, 'UC-id', default=None)
+
+    def handle_or_none(self, handle):
+        return self._search_regex(rf'^({self._YT_HANDLE_RE})$', urllib.parse.unquote(handle or ''),
+                                  '@-handle', default=None)
+
+    def handle_from_url(self, url):
+        return self._search_regex(rf'^(?:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com)?/({self._YT_HANDLE_RE})',
+                                  urllib.parse.unquote(url or ''), 'channel handle', default=None)
+
+    def ucid_from_url(self, url):
+        return self._search_regex(rf'^(?:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com)?/({self._YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE})',
+                                  url, 'channel id', default=None)
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _preferred_lang(self):
+        """
+        Returns a language code supported by YouTube for the user preferred language.
+        Returns None if no preferred language set.
+        """
+        preferred_lang = self._configuration_arg('lang', ie_key='Youtube', casesense=True, default=[''])[0]
+        if not preferred_lang:
+            return
+        if preferred_lang not in self._SUPPORTED_LANG_CODES:
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                f'Unsupported language code: {preferred_lang}. Supported language codes (case-sensitive): {join_nonempty(*self._SUPPORTED_LANG_CODES, delim=", ")}.',
+                expected=True)
+        elif preferred_lang != 'en':
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Preferring "{preferred_lang}" translated fields. Note that some metadata extraction may fail or be incorrect.')
+        return preferred_lang
+
+    def _initialize_consent(self):
+        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
+        if cookies.get('__Secure-3PSID'):
+            return
+        socs = cookies.get('SOCS')
+        if socs and not socs.value.startswith('CAA'):  # not consented
+            return
+        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', 'SOCS', 'CAI', secure=True)  # accept all (required for mixes)
+
+    def _initialize_pref(self):
+        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
+        pref_cookie = cookies.get('PREF')
+        pref = {}
+        if pref_cookie:
+            try:
+                pref = dict(urllib.parse.parse_qsl(pref_cookie.value))
+            except ValueError:
+                self.report_warning('Failed to parse user PREF cookie' + bug_reports_message())
+        pref.update({'hl': self._preferred_lang or 'en', 'tz': 'UTC'})
+        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', name='PREF', value=urllib.parse.urlencode(pref))
+
+    def _initialize_cookie_auth(self):
+        yt_sapisid, yt_1psapisid, yt_3psapisid = self._get_sid_cookies()
+        if yt_sapisid or yt_1psapisid or yt_3psapisid:
+            self.write_debug('Found YouTube account cookies')
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        self._initialize_pref()
+        self._initialize_consent()
+        self._initialize_cookie_auth()
+        self._check_login_required()
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if username.startswith('oauth'):
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                f'Login with OAuth is no longer supported. {self._youtube_login_hint}', expected=True)
+
+        self.report_warning(
+            f'Login with password is not supported for YouTube. {self._youtube_login_hint}')
+
+    @property
+    def _youtube_login_hint(self):
+        return (f'{self._login_hint(method="cookies")}. Also see  '
+                'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#exporting-youtube-cookies  '
+                'for tips on effectively exporting YouTube cookies')
+
+    def _check_login_required(self):
+        if self._LOGIN_REQUIRED and not self.is_authenticated:
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                f'Login details are needed to download this content. {self._youtube_login_hint}', method=None)
+
+    _YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE = r'(?:window\s*\[\s*["\']ytInitialData["\']\s*\]|ytInitialData)\s*='
+    _YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE = r'ytInitialPlayerResponse\s*='
+
+    def _get_default_ytcfg(self, client='web'):
+        return copy.deepcopy(INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client])
+
+    def _get_innertube_host(self, client='web'):
+        return INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['INNERTUBE_HOST']
+
+    def _ytcfg_get_safe(self, ytcfg, getter, expected_type=None, default_client='web'):
+        # try_get but with fallback to default ytcfg client values when present
+        _func = lambda y: try_get(y, getter, expected_type)
+        return _func(ytcfg) or _func(self._get_default_ytcfg(default_client))
+
+    def _extract_client_name(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
+        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
+            ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_NAME'],
+                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientName']), str, default_client)
+
+    def _extract_client_version(self, ytcfg, default_client='web'):
+        return self._ytcfg_get_safe(
+            ytcfg, (lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CLIENT_VERSION'],
+                    lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['clientVersion']), str, default_client)
+
+    def _select_api_hostname(self, req_api_hostname, default_client=None):
+        return (self._configuration_arg('innertube_host', [''], ie_key=CONFIGURATION_ARG_KEY)[0]
+                or req_api_hostname or self._get_innertube_host(default_client or 'web'))
+
+    def _extract_context(self, ytcfg=None, default_client='web'):
+        context = get_first(
+            (ytcfg, self._get_default_ytcfg(default_client)), 'INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', expected_type=dict)
+        # Enforce language and tz for extraction
+        client_context = traverse_obj(context, 'client', expected_type=dict, default={})
+        client_context.update({'hl': self._preferred_lang or 'en', 'timeZone': 'UTC', 'utcOffsetMinutes': 0})
+        return context
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_sid_authorization(scheme, sid, origin, additional_parts):
+        timestamp = str(round(time.time()))
+
+        hash_parts = []
+        if additional_parts:
+            hash_parts.append(':'.join(additional_parts.values()))
+        hash_parts.extend([timestamp, sid, origin])
+        sidhash = hashlib.sha1(' '.join(hash_parts).encode()).hexdigest()
+
+        parts = [timestamp, sidhash]
+        if additional_parts:
+            parts.append(''.join(additional_parts))
+
+        return f'{scheme} {"_".join(parts)}'
+
+    def _get_sid_cookies(self):
+        """
+        Get SAPISID, 1PSAPISID, 3PSAPISID cookie values
+        @returns sapisid, 1psapisid, 3psapisid
+        """
+        yt_cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com')
+        yt_sapisid = try_call(lambda: yt_cookies['SAPISID'].value)
+        yt_3papisid = try_call(lambda: yt_cookies['__Secure-3PAPISID'].value)
+        yt_1papisid = try_call(lambda: yt_cookies['__Secure-1PAPISID'].value)
+
+        # Sometimes SAPISID cookie isn't present but __Secure-3PAPISID is.
+        # YouTube also falls back to __Secure-3PAPISID if SAPISID is missing.
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/393
+
+        return yt_sapisid or yt_3papisid, yt_1papisid, yt_3papisid
+
+    def _get_sid_authorization_header(self, origin='https://www.youtube.com', user_session_id=None):
+        """
+        Generate API Session ID Authorization for Innertube requests. Assumes all requests are secure (https).
+        @param origin: Origin URL
+        @param user_session_id: Optional User Session ID
+        @return: Authorization header value
+        """
+
+        authorizations = []
+        additional_parts = {}
+        if user_session_id:
+            additional_parts['u'] = user_session_id
+
+        yt_sapisid, yt_1psapisid, yt_3psapisid = self._get_sid_cookies()
+
+        for scheme, sid in (('SAPISIDHASH', yt_sapisid),
+                            ('SAPISID1PHASH', yt_1psapisid),
+                            ('SAPISID3PHASH', yt_3psapisid)):
+            if sid:
+                authorizations.append(self._make_sid_authorization(scheme, sid, origin, additional_parts))
+
+        if not authorizations:
+            return None
+
+        return ' '.join(authorizations)
+
+    def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True, headers=None,
+                  note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page',
+                  context=None, api_key=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):
+
+        data = {'context': context} if context else {'context': self._extract_context(default_client=default_client)}
+        data.update(query)
+        real_headers = self.generate_api_headers(default_client=default_client)
+        real_headers.update({'content-type': 'application/json'})
+        if headers:
+            real_headers.update(headers)
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://{self._select_api_hostname(api_hostname, default_client)}/youtubei/v1/{ep}',
+            video_id=video_id, fatal=fatal, note=note, errnote=errnote,
+            data=json.dumps(data).encode('utf8'), headers=real_headers,
+            query=filter_dict({
+                'key': self._configuration_arg(
+                    'innertube_key', [api_key], ie_key=CONFIGURATION_ARG_KEY, casesense=True)[0],
+                'prettyPrint': 'false',
+            }, cndn=lambda _, v: v))
+
+    def extract_yt_initial_data(self, item_id, webpage, fatal=True):
+        return self._search_json(self._YT_INITIAL_DATA_RE, webpage, 'yt initial data', item_id, fatal=fatal)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_session_index(*data):
+        """
+        Index of current account in account list.
+        See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/519
+        """
+        for ytcfg in data:
+            session_index = int_or_none(try_get(ytcfg, lambda x: x['SESSION_INDEX']))
+            if session_index is not None:
+                return session_index
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _parse_data_sync_id(data_sync_id):
+        """
+        Parse data_sync_id into delegated_session_id and user_session_id.
+
+        data_sync_id is of the form "delegated_session_id||user_session_id" for secondary channel
+        and just "user_session_id||" for primary channel.
+
+        @param data_sync_id: data_sync_id string
+        @return: Tuple of (delegated_session_id, user_session_id)
+        """
+        if not data_sync_id:
+            return None, None
+        first, _, second = data_sync_id.partition('||')
+        if second:
+            return first, second
+        return None, first
+
+    def _extract_delegated_session_id(self, *args):
+        """
+        Extract current delegated session ID required to download private playlists of secondary channels
+        @params response and/or ytcfg
+        @return: delegated session ID
+        """
+        # ytcfg includes channel_syncid if on secondary channel
+        if delegated_sid := traverse_obj(args, (..., 'DELEGATED_SESSION_ID', {str}, any)):
+            return delegated_sid
+
+        data_sync_id = self._extract_data_sync_id(*args)
+        return self._parse_data_sync_id(data_sync_id)[0]
+
+    def _extract_user_session_id(self, *args):
+        """
+        Extract current user session ID
+        @params response and/or ytcfg
+        @return: user session ID
+        """
+        if user_sid := traverse_obj(args, (..., 'USER_SESSION_ID', {str}, any)):
+            return user_sid
+
+        data_sync_id = self._extract_data_sync_id(*args)
+        return self._parse_data_sync_id(data_sync_id)[1]
+
+    def _extract_data_sync_id(self, *args):
+        """
+        Extract current account dataSyncId.
+        In the format DELEGATED_SESSION_ID||USER_SESSION_ID or USER_SESSION_ID||
+        @params response and/or ytcfg
+        """
+        if data_sync_id := self._configuration_arg('data_sync_id', [None], ie_key=CONFIGURATION_ARG_KEY, casesense=True)[0]:
+            return data_sync_id
+
+        return traverse_obj(
+            args, (..., ('DATASYNC_ID', ('responseContext', 'mainAppWebResponseContext', 'datasyncId')), {str}, any))
+
+    def _extract_visitor_data(self, *args):
+        """
+        Extracts visitorData from an API response or ytcfg
+        Appears to be used to track session state
+        """
+        if visitor_data := self._configuration_arg('visitor_data', [None], ie_key=CONFIGURATION_ARG_KEY, casesense=True)[0]:
+            return visitor_data
+        return get_first(
+            args, [('VISITOR_DATA', ('INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', 'client', 'visitorData'), ('responseContext', 'visitorData'))],
+            expected_type=str)
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def is_authenticated(self):
+        return bool(self._get_sid_authorization_header())
+
+    def extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
+        if not webpage:
+            return {}
+        return self._parse_json(
+            self._search_regex(
+                r'ytcfg\.set\s*\(\s*({.+?})\s*\)\s*;', webpage, 'ytcfg',
+                default='{}'), video_id, fatal=False) or {}
+
+    def _generate_cookie_auth_headers(self, *, ytcfg=None, delegated_session_id=None, user_session_id=None, session_index=None, origin=None, **kwargs):
+        headers = {}
+        delegated_session_id = delegated_session_id or self._extract_delegated_session_id(ytcfg)
+        if delegated_session_id:
+            headers['X-Goog-PageId'] = delegated_session_id
+        if session_index is None:
+            session_index = self._extract_session_index(ytcfg)
+        if delegated_session_id or session_index is not None:
+            headers['X-Goog-AuthUser'] = session_index if session_index is not None else 0
+
+        auth = self._get_sid_authorization_header(origin, user_session_id=user_session_id or self._extract_user_session_id(ytcfg))
+        if auth is not None:
+            headers['Authorization'] = auth
+            headers['X-Origin'] = origin
+
+        if traverse_obj(ytcfg, 'LOGGED_IN', expected_type=bool):
+            headers['X-Youtube-Bootstrap-Logged-In'] = 'true'
+
+        return headers
+
+    def generate_api_headers(
+            self, *, ytcfg=None, delegated_session_id=None, user_session_id=None, session_index=None,
+            visitor_data=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web', **kwargs):
+
+        origin = 'https://' + (self._select_api_hostname(api_hostname, default_client))
+        headers = {
+            'X-YouTube-Client-Name': str(
+                self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT_CLIENT_NAME'], default_client=default_client)),
+            'X-YouTube-Client-Version': self._extract_client_version(ytcfg, default_client),
+            'Origin': origin,
+            'X-Goog-Visitor-Id': visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(ytcfg),
+            'User-Agent': self._ytcfg_get_safe(ytcfg, lambda x: x['INNERTUBE_CONTEXT']['client']['userAgent'], default_client=default_client),
+            **self._generate_cookie_auth_headers(
+                ytcfg=ytcfg,
+                delegated_session_id=delegated_session_id,
+                user_session_id=user_session_id,
+                session_index=session_index,
+                origin=origin),
+        }
+        return filter_dict(headers)
+
+    def _download_webpage_with_retries(self, *args, retry_fatal=False, retry_on_status=None, **kwargs):
+        for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=retry_fatal):
+            try:
+                return self._download_webpage(*args, **kwargs)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
+                    if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status not in (retry_on_status or (403, 429)):
+                        retry.error = e
+                        continue
+                self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=retry_fatal)
+                break
+
+    def _download_ytcfg(self, client, video_id):
+        url = {
+            'web': 'https://www.youtube.com',
+            'web_music': 'https://music.youtube.com',
+            'web_embedded': f'https://www.youtube.com/embed/{video_id}?html5=1',
+            'tv': 'https://www.youtube.com/tv',
+        }.get(client)
+        if not url:
+            return {}
+        webpage = self._download_webpage_with_retries(
+            url, video_id, note=f'Downloading {client.replace("_", " ").strip()} client config',
+            headers=traverse_obj(self._get_default_ytcfg(client), {
+                'User-Agent': ('INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', 'client', 'userAgent', {str}),
+            }))
+        return self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or {}
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp=None):
+        query = {
+            'continuation': continuation,
+        }
+        # TODO: Inconsistency with clickTrackingParams.
+        # Currently we have a fixed ctp contained within context (from ytcfg)
+        # and a ctp in root query for continuation.
+        if ctp:
+            query['clickTracking'] = {'clickTrackingParams': ctp}
+        return query
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_next_continuation_data(cls, renderer):
+        next_continuation = try_get(
+            renderer, (lambda x: x['continuations'][0]['nextContinuationData'],
+                       lambda x: x['continuation']['reloadContinuationData']), dict)
+        if not next_continuation:
+            return
+        continuation = next_continuation.get('continuation')
+        if not continuation:
+            return
+        ctp = next_continuation.get('clickTrackingParams')
+        return cls._build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_continuation_ep_data(cls, continuation_ep: dict):
+        continuation_commands = traverse_obj(
+            continuation_ep, ('commandExecutorCommand', 'commands', ..., {dict}))
+        continuation_commands.append(continuation_ep)
+        for command in continuation_commands:
+            continuation = traverse_obj(command, ('continuationCommand', 'token', {str}))
+            if not continuation:
+                continue
+            ctp = command.get('clickTrackingParams')
+            return cls._build_api_continuation_query(continuation, ctp)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_continuation(cls, renderer):
+        next_continuation = cls._extract_next_continuation_data(renderer)
+        if next_continuation:
+            return next_continuation
+
+        return traverse_obj(renderer, (
+            ('contents', 'items', 'rows'), ..., 'continuationItemRenderer',
+            ('continuationEndpoint', ('button', 'buttonRenderer', 'command')),
+        ), get_all=False, expected_type=cls._extract_continuation_ep_data)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_alerts(cls, data):
+        for alert_dict in try_get(data, lambda x: x['alerts'], list) or []:
+            if not isinstance(alert_dict, dict):
+                continue
+            for alert in alert_dict.values():
+                alert_type = alert.get('type')
+                if not alert_type:
+                    continue
+                message = cls._get_text(alert, 'text')
+                if message:
+                    yield alert_type, message
+
+    def _report_alerts(self, alerts, expected=True, fatal=True, only_once=False):
+        errors, warnings = [], []
+        for alert_type, alert_message in alerts:
+            if alert_type.lower() == 'error' and fatal:
+                errors.append([alert_type, alert_message])
+            elif alert_message not in self._IGNORED_WARNINGS:
+                warnings.append([alert_type, alert_message])
+
+        for alert_type, alert_message in (warnings + errors[:-1]):
+            self.report_warning(f'YouTube said: {alert_type} - {alert_message}', only_once=only_once)
+        if errors:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'YouTube said: {errors[-1][1]}', expected=expected)
+
+    def _extract_and_report_alerts(self, data, *args, **kwargs):
+        return self._report_alerts(self._extract_alerts(data), *args, **kwargs)
+
+    def _extract_badges(self, badge_list: list):
+        """
+        Extract known BadgeType's from a list of badge renderers.
+        @returns [{'type': BadgeType}]
+        """
+        icon_type_map = {
+            'PRIVACY_UNLISTED': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED,
+            'PRIVACY_PRIVATE': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE,
+            'PRIVACY_PUBLIC': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC,
+            'CHECK_CIRCLE_THICK': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+            'OFFICIAL_ARTIST_BADGE': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+            'CHECK': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+        }
+
+        badge_style_map = {
+            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_MEMBERS_ONLY': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION,
+            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_PREMIUM': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM,
+            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_LIVE_NOW': BadgeType.LIVE_NOW,
+            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_VERIFIED': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+            'BADGE_STYLE_TYPE_VERIFIED_ARTIST': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+        }
+
+        label_map = {
+            'unlisted': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED,
+            'private': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE,
+            'members only': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION,
+            'live': BadgeType.LIVE_NOW,
+            'premium': BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM,
+            'verified': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+            'official artist channel': BadgeType.VERIFIED,
+        }
+
+        badges = []
+        for badge in traverse_obj(badge_list, (..., lambda key, _: re.search(r'[bB]adgeRenderer$', key))):
+            badge_type = (
+                icon_type_map.get(traverse_obj(badge, ('icon', 'iconType'), expected_type=str))
+                or badge_style_map.get(traverse_obj(badge, 'style'))
+            )
+            if badge_type:
+                badges.append({'type': badge_type})
+                continue
+
+            # fallback, won't work in some languages
+            label = traverse_obj(
+                badge, 'label', ('accessibilityData', 'label'), 'tooltip', 'iconTooltip', get_all=False, expected_type=str, default='')
+            for match, label_badge_type in label_map.items():
+                if match in label.lower():
+                    badges.append({'type': label_badge_type})
+                    break
+
+        return badges
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _has_badge(badges, badge_type):
+        return bool(traverse_obj(badges, lambda _, v: v['type'] == badge_type))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_text(data, *path_list, max_runs=None):
+        for path in path_list or [None]:
+            if path is None:
+                obj = [data]
+            else:
+                obj = traverse_obj(data, path, default=[])
+                if not any(key is ... or isinstance(key, (list, tuple)) for key in variadic(path)):
+                    obj = [obj]
+            for item in obj:
+                text = try_get(item, lambda x: x['simpleText'], str)
+                if text:
+                    return text
+                runs = try_get(item, lambda x: x['runs'], list) or []
+                if not runs and isinstance(item, list):
+                    runs = item
+
+                runs = runs[:min(len(runs), max_runs or len(runs))]
+                text = ''.join(traverse_obj(runs, (..., 'text'), expected_type=str))
+                if text:
+                    return text
+
+    def _get_count(self, data, *path_list):
+        count_text = self._get_text(data, *path_list) or ''
+        count = parse_count(count_text)
+        if count is None:
+            count = str_to_int(
+                self._search_regex(r'^([\d,]+)', re.sub(r'\s', '', count_text), 'count', default=None))
+        return count
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_thumbnails(data, *path_list, final_key='thumbnails'):
+        """
+        Extract thumbnails from thumbnails dict
+        @param path_list: path list to level that contains 'thumbnails' key
+        """
+        thumbnails = []
+        for path in path_list or [()]:
+            for thumbnail in traverse_obj(data, (*variadic(path), final_key, ...)):
+                thumbnail_url = url_or_none(thumbnail.get('url'))
+                if not thumbnail_url:
+                    continue
+                # Sometimes youtube gives a wrong thumbnail URL. See:
+                # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/233
+                # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28023
+                if 'maxresdefault' in thumbnail_url:
+                    thumbnail_url = thumbnail_url.split('?')[0]
+                thumbnails.append({
+                    'url': thumbnail_url,
+                    'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
+                    'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
+                })
+        return thumbnails
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def extract_relative_time(relative_time_text):
+        """
+        Extracts a relative time from string and converts to dt object
+        e.g. 'streamed 6 days ago', '5 seconds ago (edited)', 'updated today', '8 yr ago'
+        """
+
+        # XXX: this could be moved to a general function in utils/_utils.py
+        # The relative time text strings are roughly the same as what
+        # Javascript's Intl.RelativeTimeFormat function generates.
+        # See: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/RelativeTimeFormat
+        mobj = re.search(
+            r'(?P<start>today|yesterday|now)|(?P<time>\d+)\s*(?P<unit>sec(?:ond)?|s|min(?:ute)?|h(?:our|r)?|d(?:ay)?|w(?:eek|k)?|mo(?:nth)?|y(?:ear|r)?)s?\s*ago',
+            relative_time_text)
+        if mobj:
+            start = mobj.group('start')
+            if start:
+                return datetime_from_str(start)
+            try:
+                return datetime_from_str('now-{}{}'.format(mobj.group('time'), mobj.group('unit')))
+            except ValueError:
+                return None
+
+    def _parse_time_text(self, text):
+        if not text:
+            return
+        dt_ = self.extract_relative_time(text)
+        timestamp = None
+        if isinstance(dt_, dt.datetime):
+            timestamp = calendar.timegm(dt_.timetuple())
+
+        if timestamp is None:
+            timestamp = (
+                unified_timestamp(text) or unified_timestamp(
+                    self._search_regex(
+                        (r'([a-z]+\s*\d{1,2},?\s*20\d{2})', r'(?:.+|^)(?:live|premieres|ed|ing)(?:\s*(?:on|for))?\s*(.+\d)'),
+                        text.lower(), 'time text', default=None)))
+
+        if text and timestamp is None and self._preferred_lang in (None, 'en'):
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Cannot parse localized time text "{text}"', only_once=True)
+        return timestamp
+
+    def _extract_response(self, item_id, query, note='Downloading API JSON', headers=None,
+                          ytcfg=None, check_get_keys=None, ep='browse', fatal=True, api_hostname=None,
+                          default_client='web'):
+        raise_for_incomplete = bool(self._configuration_arg('raise_incomplete_data', ie_key=CONFIGURATION_ARG_KEY))
+        # Incomplete Data should be a warning by default when retries are exhausted, while other errors should be fatal.
+        icd_retries = iter(self.RetryManager(fatal=raise_for_incomplete))
+        icd_rm = next(icd_retries)
+        main_retries = iter(self.RetryManager())
+        main_rm = next(main_retries)
+        # Manual retry loop for multiple RetryManagers
+        # The proper RetryManager MUST be advanced after an error
+        # and its result MUST be checked if the manager is non fatal
+        while True:
+            try:
+                response = self._call_api(
+                    ep=ep, fatal=True, headers=headers,
+                    video_id=item_id, query=query, note=note,
+                    context=self._extract_context(ytcfg, default_client),
+                    api_hostname=api_hostname, default_client=default_client)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if not isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
+                    return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
+                elif not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError):
+                    main_rm.error = e
+                    next(main_retries)
+                    continue
+
+                first_bytes = e.cause.response.read(512)
+                if not is_html(first_bytes):
+                    yt_error = try_get(
+                        self._parse_json(
+                            self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, None, item_id, prefix=first_bytes) or '{}', item_id, fatal=False),
+                        lambda x: x['error']['message'], str)
+                    if yt_error:
+                        self._report_alerts([('ERROR', yt_error)], fatal=False)
+                # Downloading page may result in intermittent 5xx HTTP error
+                # Sometimes a 404 is also received. See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28289
+                # We also want to catch all other network exceptions since errors in later pages can be troublesome
+                # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/507#issuecomment-880188210
+                if e.cause.status not in (403, 429):
+                    main_rm.error = e
+                    next(main_retries)
+                    continue
+                return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
+
+            try:
+                self._extract_and_report_alerts(response, only_once=True)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                # YouTube's servers may return errors we want to retry on in a 200 OK response
+                # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/839
+                if 'unknown error' in e.msg.lower():
+                    main_rm.error = e
+                    next(main_retries)
+                    continue
+                return self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
+            # Youtube sometimes sends incomplete data
+            # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28194
+            if not traverse_obj(response, *variadic(check_get_keys)):
+                icd_rm.error = ExtractorError('Incomplete data received', expected=True)
+                should_retry = next(icd_retries, None)
+                if not should_retry:
+                    return None
+                continue
+
+            return response
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def is_music_url(url):
+        return re.match(r'(https?://)?music\.youtube\.com/', url) is not None
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_clip.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_clip.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..7d063700e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_clip.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+from ._tab import YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor
+from ._video import YoutubeIE
+from ...utils import ExtractorError, traverse_obj
+
+
+class YoutubeClipIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:clip'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/clip/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # FIXME: Other metadata should be extracted from the clip, not from the base video
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/clip/UgytZKpehg-hEMBSn3F4AaABCQ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UgytZKpehg-hEMBSn3F4AaABCQ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'section_start': 29.0,
+            'section_end': 39.7,
+            'duration': 10.7,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'categories': ['Gaming'],
+            'channel': 'Scott The Woz',
+            'channel_id': 'UC4rqhyiTs7XyuODcECvuiiQ',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4rqhyiTs7XyuODcECvuiiQ',
+            'description': 'md5:7a4517a17ea9b4bd98996399d8bb36e7',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'tags': 'count:17',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/ScPX26pdQik/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'title': 'Mobile Games on Console - Scott The Woz',
+            'upload_date': '20210920',
+            'uploader': 'Scott The Woz',
+            'uploader_id': '@ScottTheWoz',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ScottTheWoz',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'chapters': 'count:20',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        clip_id = self._match_id(url)
+        _, data = self._extract_webpage(url, clip_id)
+
+        video_id = traverse_obj(data, ('currentVideoEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'))
+        if not video_id:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find video ID')
+
+        clip_data = traverse_obj(data, (
+            'engagementPanels', ..., 'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'content', 'clipSectionRenderer',
+            'contents', ..., 'clipAttributionRenderer', 'onScrubExit', 'commandExecutorCommand', 'commands', ...,
+            'openPopupAction', 'popup', 'notificationActionRenderer', 'actionButton', 'buttonRenderer', 'command',
+            'commandExecutorCommand', 'commands', ..., 'loopCommand'), get_all=False)
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
+            'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
+            'id': clip_id,
+            'section_start': int(clip_data['startTimeMs']) / 1000,
+            'section_end': int(clip_data['endTimeMs']) / 1000,
+            '_format_sort_fields': (  # https protocol is prioritized for ffmpeg compatibility
+                'proto:https', 'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang'),
+        }
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_mistakes.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_mistakes.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5eb5161c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_mistakes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+
+from ._base import YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor
+from ...utils import ExtractorError
+
+
+class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        (?:https?://)?
+        (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
+        (?:watch\?(?:
+            feature=[a-z_]+|
+            annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
+            x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
+            hl=[^&]*|
+            t=[0-9]+
+        )?
+        |
+            attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
+        )
+        $
+    '''
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
+            'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
+            'like  yt-dlp '
+            '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
+            ' or simply  yt-dlp BaW_jenozKc  .',
+            expected=True)
+
+
+class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            f'Incomplete YouTube ID {video_id}. URL {url} looks truncated.',
+            expected=True)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_notifications.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_notifications.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ae55528da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_notifications.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import itertools
+import re
+
+from ._tab import YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, YoutubeTabIE
+from ._video import YoutubeIE
+from ...utils import traverse_obj
+
+
+class YoutubeNotificationsIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:notif'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ytnotif(?:ication)?s?'
+    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytnotif',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': ':ytnotifications',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_notification_menu(self, response, continuation_list):
+        notification_list = traverse_obj(
+            response,
+            ('actions', 0, 'openPopupAction', 'popup', 'multiPageMenuRenderer', 'sections', 0, 'multiPageMenuNotificationSectionRenderer', 'items'),
+            ('actions', 0, 'appendContinuationItemsAction', 'continuationItems'),
+            expected_type=list) or []
+        continuation_list[0] = None
+        for item in notification_list:
+            entry = self._extract_notification_renderer(item.get('notificationRenderer'))
+            if entry:
+                yield entry
+            continuation = item.get('continuationItemRenderer')
+            if continuation:
+                continuation_list[0] = continuation
+
+    def _extract_notification_renderer(self, notification):
+        video_id = traverse_obj(
+            notification, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'), expected_type=str)
+        url = f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}'
+        channel_id = None
+        if not video_id:
+            browse_ep = traverse_obj(
+                notification, ('navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint'), expected_type=dict)
+            channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(traverse_obj(browse_ep, 'browseId', expected_type=str))
+            post_id = self._search_regex(
+                r'/post/(.+)', traverse_obj(browse_ep, 'canonicalBaseUrl', expected_type=str),
+                'post id', default=None)
+            if not channel_id or not post_id:
+                return
+            # The direct /post url redirects to this in the browser
+            url = f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}/community?lb={post_id}'
+
+        channel = traverse_obj(
+            notification, ('contextualMenu', 'menuRenderer', 'items', 1, 'menuServiceItemRenderer', 'text', 'runs', 1, 'text'),
+            expected_type=str)
+        notification_title = self._get_text(notification, 'shortMessage')
+        if notification_title:
+            notification_title = notification_title.replace('\xad', '')  # remove soft hyphens
+        # TODO: handle recommended videos
+        title = self._search_regex(
+            rf'{re.escape(channel or "")}[^:]+: (.+)', notification_title,
+            'video title', default=None)
+        timestamp = (self._parse_time_text(self._get_text(notification, 'sentTimeText'))
+                     if self._configuration_arg('approximate_date', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE)
+                     else None)
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url',
+            'url': url,
+            'ie_key': (YoutubeIE if video_id else YoutubeTabIE).ie_key(),
+            'video_id': video_id,
+            'title': title,
+            'channel_id': channel_id,
+            'channel': channel,
+            'uploader': channel,
+            'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(notification, 'videoThumbnail'),
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+        }
+
+    def _notification_menu_entries(self, ytcfg):
+        continuation_list = [None]
+        response = None
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            ctoken = traverse_obj(
+                continuation_list, (0, 'continuationEndpoint', 'getNotificationMenuEndpoint', 'ctoken'), expected_type=str)
+            response = self._extract_response(
+                item_id=f'page {page}', query={'ctoken': ctoken} if ctoken else {}, ytcfg=ytcfg,
+                ep='notification/get_notification_menu', check_get_keys='actions',
+                headers=self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response)))
+            yield from self._extract_notification_menu(response, continuation_list)
+            if not continuation_list[0]:
+                break
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = 'notifications'
+        ytcfg = self._download_ytcfg('web', display_id) if not self.skip_webpage else {}
+        self._report_playlist_authcheck(ytcfg)
+        return self.playlist_result(self._notification_menu_entries(ytcfg), display_id, display_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_redirect.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_redirect.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..1908df124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_redirect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+import base64
+import urllib.parse
+
+from ._base import YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor
+from ._tab import YoutubeTabIE
+from ...utils import ExtractorError, classproperty, parse_qs, update_url_query, url_or_none
+
+
+class YoutubeYtBeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'youtu.be'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://youtu\.be/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{{11}})/*?.*?\blist=(?P<playlist_id>{YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
+            'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
+            'uploader_id': '@backuspagemuseum',
+            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/@backuspagemuseum',
+            'upload_date': '20161008',
+            'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
+            'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
+            'tags': list,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.webp',
+            'channel': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
+            'channel_id': 'UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'duration': 59,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'noplaylist': True,
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
+        video_id = mobj.group('id')
+        playlist_id = mobj.group('playlist_id')
+        return self.url_result(
+            update_url_query('https://www.youtube.com/watch', {
+                'v': video_id,
+                'list': playlist_id,
+                'feature': 'youtu.be',
+            }), ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
+
+
+class YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube livestream embeds'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/embed/live_stream/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?channel=(?P<id>[^&#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/live_stream?channel=UC2_KI6RB__jGdlnK6dvFEZA',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}/live',
+            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=channel_id)
+
+
+class YoutubeYtUserIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
+    _VALID_URL = r'ytuser:(?P<id>.+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        user_id = self._match_id(url)
+        return self.url_result(f'https://www.youtube.com/user/{user_id}', YoutubeTabIE, user_id)
+
+
+class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ytfav(?:ou?rite)?s?'
+    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytfav',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': ':ytfavorites',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self.url_result(
+            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=LL',
+            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
+
+
+class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    """
+    Base class for feed extractors
+    Subclasses must re-define the _FEED_NAME property.
+    """
+    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
+    _FEED_NAME = 'feeds'
+
+    @classproperty
+    def IE_NAME(cls):
+        return f'youtube:{cls._FEED_NAME}'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/feed/{self._FEED_NAME}', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
+
+
+class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
+    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ytwatchlater'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytwatchlater',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self.url_result(
+            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
+
+
+class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/?(?:[?#]|$)|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
+    _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
+    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytrec',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': ':ytrecommended',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://youtube.com',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ytsub(?:scription)?s?'
+    _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytsubs',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': ':ytsubscriptions',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ythis(?:tory)?'
+    _FEED_NAME = 'history'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ythistory',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:shorts:pivot:audio'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/source/(?P<id>[\w-]{11})/shorts'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/source/Lyj-MZSAA9o/shorts',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _generate_audio_pivot_params(video_id):
+        """
+        Generates sfv_audio_pivot browse params for this video id
+        """
+        pb_params = b'\xf2\x05+\n)\x12\'\n\x0b%b\x12\x0b%b\x1a\x0b%b' % ((video_id.encode(),) * 3)
+        return urllib.parse.quote(base64.b64encode(pb_params).decode())
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/feed/sfv_audio_pivot?bp={self._generate_audio_pivot_params(video_id)}',
+            ie=YoutubeTabIE)
+
+
+class YoutubeConsentRedirectIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:consent'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://consent\.youtube\.com/m\?'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://consent.youtube.com/m?continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Flive%2FqVv6vCqciTM%3Fcbrd%3D1&gl=NL&m=0&pc=yt&hl=en&src=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'qVv6vCqciTM',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': '@sana_natori',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'chapters': 'count:13',
+            'upload_date': '20221223',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qVv6vCqciTM/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sana_natori',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'release_date': '20221223',
+            'tags': ['Vtuber', '月ノ美兎', '名取さな', 'にじさんじ', 'クリスマス', '3D配信'],
+            'title': '【 #インターネット女クリスマス 】3Dで歌ってはしゃぐインターネットの女たち【月ノ美兎/名取さな】',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'duration': 4438,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_id': 'UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'release_timestamp': 1671793345,
+            'channel': 'さなちゃんねる',
+            'description': 'md5:6aebf95cc4a1d731aebc01ad6cc9806d',
+            'uploader': 'さなちゃんねる',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'Youtube'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        redirect_url = url_or_none(parse_qs(url).get('continue', [None])[-1])
+        if not redirect_url:
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid cookie consent redirect URL', expected=True)
+        return self.url_result(redirect_url)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_search.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_search.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..be10a20da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_search.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
+from ._tab import YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor
+from ..common import SearchInfoExtractor
+from ...utils import join_nonempty, parse_qs
+
+
+class YoutubeSearchIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
+    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
+    _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'EgIQAfABAQ=='  # Videos only
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'ytsearch5:youtube-dl test video',
+        'playlist_count': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
+            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Suicide/self-harm search warning',
+        'url': 'ytsearch1:i hate myself and i wanna die',
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'i hate myself and i wanna die',
+            'title': 'i hate myself and i wanna die',
+        },
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
+    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search, newest videos first'
+    _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'CAISAhAB8AEB'  # Videos only, sorted by date
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'ytsearchdate5:youtube-dl test video',
+        'playlist_count': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
+            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
+        },
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support'
+    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + '_url'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/(?:results|search)\?([^#]+&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
+            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=python&sp=EgIQAg%253D%253D',
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'python',
+            'title': 'python',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23cats',
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '#cats',
+            'title': '#cats',
+            # The test suite does not have support for nested playlists
+            # 'entries': [{
+            #     'url': r're:https://(www\.)?youtube\.com/hashtag/cats',
+            #     'title': '#cats',
+            # }],
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Channel results
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kurzgesagt&sp=EgIQAg%253D%253D',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'kurzgesagt',
+            'title': 'kurzgesagt',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'id': 'UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
+                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
+                'ie_key': 'YoutubeTab',
+                'channel': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
+                'description': 'md5:4ae48dfa9505ffc307dad26342d06bfc',
+                'title': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
+                'channel_id': 'UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
+                # No longer available for search as it is set to the handle.
+                # 'playlist_count': int,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
+                'thumbnails': list,
+                'uploader_id': '@kurzgesagt',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@kurzgesagt',
+                'uploader': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+            },
+        }],
+        'params': {'extract_flat': True, 'playlist_items': '1'},
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
+        return self.playlist_result(self._search_results(query, qs.get('sp', (None,))[0]), query, query)
+
+
+class YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:music:search_url'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://music\.youtube\.com/search\?([^#]+&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music',
+        'playlist_count': 16,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'royalty free music',
+            'title': 'royalty free music',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music&sp=EgWKAQIIAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ%3D%3D',
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'royalty free music - songs',
+            'title': 'royalty free music - songs',
+        },
+        'params': {'extract_flat': 'in_playlist'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music#community+playlists',
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'royalty free music - community playlists',
+            'title': 'royalty free music - community playlists',
+        },
+        'params': {'extract_flat': 'in_playlist'},
+    }]
+
+    _SECTIONS = {
+        'albums': 'EgWKAQIYAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
+        'artists': 'EgWKAQIgAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
+        'community playlists': 'EgeKAQQoAEABagoQChADEAQQCRAF',
+        'featured playlists': 'EgeKAQQoADgBagwQAxAJEAQQDhAKEAU==',
+        'songs': 'EgWKAQIIAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
+        'videos': 'EgWKAQIQAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
+    }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
+        params = qs.get('sp', (None,))[0]
+        if params:
+            section = next((k for k, v in self._SECTIONS.items() if v == params), params)
+        else:
+            section = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(([*url.split('#'), ''])[1]).lower()
+            params = self._SECTIONS.get(section)
+            if not params:
+                section = None
+        title = join_nonempty(query, section, delim=' - ')
+        return self.playlist_result(self._search_results(query, params, default_client='web_music'), title, title)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_tab.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_tab.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..122300e60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_tab.py
@@ -0,0 +1,2348 @@
+import functools
+import itertools
+import re
+import shlex
+import urllib.parse
+
+from ._base import BadgeType, YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor
+from ._video import YoutubeIE
+from ...networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
+from ...utils import (
+    NO_DEFAULT,
+    ExtractorError,
+    UserNotLive,
+    bug_reports_message,
+    format_field,
+    get_first,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_count,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_qs,
+    smuggle_url,
+    str_to_int,
+    strftime_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_get,
+    unsmuggle_url,
+    update_url_query,
+    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
+    variadic,
+)
+
+
+class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    @staticmethod
+    def passthrough_smuggled_data(func):
+        def _smuggle(info, smuggled_data):
+            if info.get('_type') not in ('url', 'url_transparent'):
+                return info
+            if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url'):
+                parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(info['url'])
+                if parsed_url.netloc in ('www.youtube.com', 'music.youtube.com'):
+                    smuggled_data.pop('is_music_url')
+                    info['url'] = urllib.parse.urlunparse(parsed_url._replace(netloc='music.youtube.com'))
+            if smuggled_data:
+                info['url'] = smuggle_url(info['url'], smuggled_data)
+            return info
+
+        @functools.wraps(func)
+        def wrapper(self, url):
+            url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
+            if self.is_music_url(url):
+                smuggled_data['is_music_url'] = True
+            info_dict = func(self, url, smuggled_data)
+            if smuggled_data:
+                _smuggle(info_dict, smuggled_data)
+                if info_dict.get('entries'):
+                    info_dict['entries'] = (_smuggle(i, smuggled_data.copy()) for i in info_dict['entries'])
+            return info_dict
+        return wrapper
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_basic_item_renderer(item):
+        # Modified from _extract_grid_item_renderer
+        known_basic_renderers = (
+            'playlistRenderer', 'videoRenderer', 'channelRenderer', 'showRenderer', 'reelItemRenderer',
+        )
+        for key, renderer in item.items():
+            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
+                continue
+            elif key in known_basic_renderers:
+                return renderer
+            elif key.startswith('grid') and key.endswith('Renderer'):
+                return renderer
+
+    def _extract_video(self, renderer):
+        video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
+
+        reel_header_renderer = traverse_obj(renderer, (
+            'navigationEndpoint', 'reelWatchEndpoint', 'overlay', 'reelPlayerOverlayRenderer',
+            'reelPlayerHeaderSupportedRenderers', 'reelPlayerHeaderRenderer'))
+
+        title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title', 'headline') or self._get_text(reel_header_renderer, 'reelTitleText')
+        description = self._get_text(renderer, 'descriptionSnippet')
+
+        duration = int_or_none(renderer.get('lengthSeconds'))
+        if duration is None:
+            duration = parse_duration(self._get_text(
+                renderer, 'lengthText', ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'text')))
+        if duration is None:
+            # XXX: should write a parser to be more general to support more cases (e.g. shorts in shorts tab)
+            duration = parse_duration(self._search_regex(
+                r'(?i)(ago)(?!.*\1)\s+(?P<duration>[a-z0-9 ,]+?)(?:\s+[\d,]+\s+views)?(?:\s+-\s+play\s+short)?$',
+                traverse_obj(renderer, ('title', 'accessibility', 'accessibilityData', 'label'), default='', expected_type=str),
+                video_id, default=None, group='duration'))
+
+        channel_id = traverse_obj(
+            renderer, ('shortBylineText', 'runs', ..., 'navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId'),
+            expected_type=str, get_all=False)
+        if not channel_id:
+            channel_id = traverse_obj(reel_header_renderer, ('channelNavigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId'))
+
+        channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(channel_id)
+
+        overlay_style = traverse_obj(
+            renderer, ('thumbnailOverlays', ..., 'thumbnailOverlayTimeStatusRenderer', 'style'),
+            get_all=False, expected_type=str)
+        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(renderer, 'badges'))
+        owner_badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(renderer, 'ownerBadges'))
+        navigation_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', traverse_obj(
+            renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
+            expected_type=str)) or ''
+        url = f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}'
+        if overlay_style == 'SHORTS' or '/shorts/' in navigation_url:
+            url = f'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/{video_id}'
+
+        time_text = (self._get_text(renderer, 'publishedTimeText', 'videoInfo')
+                     or self._get_text(reel_header_renderer, 'timestampText') or '')
+        scheduled_timestamp = str_to_int(traverse_obj(renderer, ('upcomingEventData', 'startTime'), get_all=False))
+
+        live_status = (
+            'is_upcoming' if scheduled_timestamp is not None
+            else 'was_live' if 'streamed' in time_text.lower()
+            else 'is_live' if overlay_style == 'LIVE' or self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.LIVE_NOW)
+            else None)
+
+        # videoInfo is a string like '50K views • 10 years ago'.
+        view_count_text = self._get_text(renderer, 'viewCountText', 'shortViewCountText', 'videoInfo') or ''
+        view_count = (0 if 'no views' in view_count_text.lower()
+                      else self._get_count({'simpleText': view_count_text}))
+        view_count_field = 'concurrent_view_count' if live_status in ('is_live', 'is_upcoming') else 'view_count'
+
+        channel = (self._get_text(renderer, 'ownerText', 'shortBylineText')
+                   or self._get_text(reel_header_renderer, 'channelTitleText'))
+
+        channel_handle = traverse_obj(renderer, (
+            'shortBylineText', 'runs', ..., 'navigationEndpoint',
+            (('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'))),
+            expected_type=self.handle_from_url, get_all=False)
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url',
+            'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'url': url,
+            'title': title,
+            'description': description,
+            'duration': duration,
+            'channel_id': channel_id,
+            'channel': channel,
+            'channel_url': f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}' if channel_id else None,
+            'uploader': channel,
+            'uploader_id': channel_handle,
+            'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
+            'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail'),
+            'timestamp': (self._parse_time_text(time_text)
+                          if self._configuration_arg('approximate_date', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE)
+                          else None),
+            'release_timestamp': scheduled_timestamp,
+            'availability':
+                'public' if self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC)
+                else self._availability(
+                    is_private=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE) or None,
+                    needs_premium=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM) or None,
+                    needs_subscription=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION) or None,
+                    is_unlisted=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED) or None),
+            view_count_field: view_count,
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            'channel_is_verified': True if self._has_badge(owner_badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED) else None,
+        }
+
+    def _extract_channel_renderer(self, renderer):
+        channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(renderer['channelId'])
+        title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')
+        channel_url = format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s', default=None)
+        channel_handle = self.handle_from_url(
+            traverse_obj(renderer, (
+                'navigationEndpoint', (('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
+                                       ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl')),
+                {str}), get_all=False))
+        if not channel_handle:
+            # As of 2023-06-01, YouTube sets subscriberCountText to the handle in search
+            channel_handle = self.handle_or_none(self._get_text(renderer, 'subscriberCountText'))
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url',
+            'url': channel_url,
+            'id': channel_id,
+            'ie_key': YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(),
+            'channel': title,
+            'uploader': title,
+            'channel_id': channel_id,
+            'channel_url': channel_url,
+            'title': title,
+            'uploader_id': channel_handle,
+            'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
+            # See above. YouTube sets videoCountText to the subscriber text in search channel renderers.
+            # However, in feed/channels this is set correctly to the subscriber count
+            'channel_follower_count': traverse_obj(
+                renderer, 'subscriberCountText', 'videoCountText', expected_type=self._get_count),
+            'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail'),
+            'playlist_count': (
+                # videoCountText may be the subscriber count
+                self._get_count(renderer, 'videoCountText')
+                if self._get_count(renderer, 'subscriberCountText') is not None else None),
+            'description': self._get_text(renderer, 'descriptionSnippet'),
+            'channel_is_verified': True if self._has_badge(
+                self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(renderer, 'ownerBadges')), BadgeType.VERIFIED) else None,
+        }
+
+    def _grid_entries(self, grid_renderer):
+        for item in grid_renderer['items']:
+            if not isinstance(item, dict):
+                continue
+            if lockup_view_model := traverse_obj(item, ('lockupViewModel', {dict})):
+                if entry := self._extract_lockup_view_model(lockup_view_model):
+                    yield entry
+                continue
+            renderer = self._extract_basic_item_renderer(item)
+            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
+                continue
+            title = self._get_text(renderer, 'title')
+
+            # playlist
+            playlist_id = renderer.get('playlistId')
+            if playlist_id:
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
+                    ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
+                    video_title=title)
+                continue
+            # video
+            video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
+            if video_id:
+                yield self._extract_video(renderer)
+                continue
+            # channel
+            channel_id = renderer.get('channelId')
+            if channel_id:
+                yield self._extract_channel_renderer(renderer)
+                continue
+            # generic endpoint URL support
+            ep_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com/', try_get(
+                renderer, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
+                str))
+            if ep_url:
+
+                for ie in (YoutubeTabIE, YoutubePlaylistIE, YoutubeIE):
+                    if ie.suitable(ep_url):
+                        yield self.url_result(
+                            ep_url, ie=ie.ie_key(), video_id=ie._match_id(ep_url), video_title=title)
+                        break
+
+    def _music_reponsive_list_entry(self, renderer):
+        video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('playlistItemData', 'videoId'))
+        if video_id:
+            title = traverse_obj(renderer, (
+                'flexColumns', 0, 'musicResponsiveListItemFlexColumnRenderer',
+                'text', 'runs', 0, 'text'))
+            return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
+                                   ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=video_id, title=title)
+        playlist_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'playlistId'))
+        if playlist_id:
+            video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'))
+            if video_id:
+                return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}&list={playlist_id}',
+                                       ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
+            return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
+                                   ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
+        browse_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId'))
+        if browse_id:
+            return self.url_result(f'https://music.youtube.com/browse/{browse_id}',
+                                   ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=browse_id)
+
+    def _shelf_entries_from_content(self, shelf_renderer):
+        content = shelf_renderer.get('content')
+        if not isinstance(content, dict):
+            return
+        renderer = content.get('gridRenderer') or content.get('expandedShelfContentsRenderer')
+        if renderer:
+            # TODO: add support for nested playlists so each shelf is processed
+            # as separate playlist
+            # TODO: this includes only first N items
+            yield from self._grid_entries(renderer)
+        renderer = content.get('horizontalListRenderer')
+        if renderer:
+            # TODO: handle case
+            pass
+
+    def _shelf_entries(self, shelf_renderer, skip_channels=False):
+        ep = try_get(
+            shelf_renderer, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
+            str)
+        shelf_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', ep)
+        if shelf_url:
+            # Skipping links to another channels, note that checking for
+            # endpoint.commandMetadata.webCommandMetadata.webPageTypwebPageType == WEB_PAGE_TYPE_CHANNEL
+            # will not work
+            if skip_channels and '/channels?' in shelf_url:
+                return
+            title = self._get_text(shelf_renderer, 'title')
+            yield self.url_result(shelf_url, video_title=title)
+        # Shelf may not contain shelf URL, fallback to extraction from content
+        yield from self._shelf_entries_from_content(shelf_renderer)
+
+    def _playlist_entries(self, video_list_renderer):
+        for content in video_list_renderer['contents']:
+            if not isinstance(content, dict):
+                continue
+            renderer = content.get('playlistVideoRenderer') or content.get('playlistPanelVideoRenderer')
+            if not isinstance(renderer, dict):
+                continue
+            video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
+            if not video_id:
+                continue
+            yield self._extract_video(renderer)
+
+    def _extract_lockup_view_model(self, view_model):
+        content_id = view_model.get('contentId')
+        if not content_id:
+            return
+        content_type = view_model.get('contentType')
+        if content_type not in ('LOCKUP_CONTENT_TYPE_PLAYLIST', 'LOCKUP_CONTENT_TYPE_PODCAST'):
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Unsupported lockup view model content type "{content_type}"{bug_reports_message()}', only_once=True)
+            return
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={content_id}', ie=YoutubeTabIE, video_id=content_id,
+            title=traverse_obj(view_model, (
+                'metadata', 'lockupMetadataViewModel', 'title', 'content', {str})),
+            thumbnails=self._extract_thumbnails(view_model, (
+                'contentImage', 'collectionThumbnailViewModel', 'primaryThumbnail', 'thumbnailViewModel', 'image'), final_key='sources'))
+
+    def _rich_entries(self, rich_grid_renderer):
+        if lockup_view_model := traverse_obj(rich_grid_renderer, ('content', 'lockupViewModel', {dict})):
+            if entry := self._extract_lockup_view_model(lockup_view_model):
+                yield entry
+            return
+        renderer = traverse_obj(
+            rich_grid_renderer,
+            ('content', ('videoRenderer', 'reelItemRenderer', 'playlistRenderer', 'shortsLockupViewModel'), any)) or {}
+        video_id = renderer.get('videoId')
+        if video_id:
+            yield self._extract_video(renderer)
+            return
+        playlist_id = renderer.get('playlistId')
+        if playlist_id:
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
+                ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
+                video_title=self._get_text(renderer, 'title'))
+            return
+        # shortsLockupViewModel extraction
+        entity_id = renderer.get('entityId')
+        if entity_id:
+            video_id = traverse_obj(renderer, ('onTap', 'innertubeCommand', 'reelWatchEndpoint', 'videoId', {str}))
+            if not video_id:
+                return
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/{video_id}',
+                ie=YoutubeIE, video_id=video_id,
+                **traverse_obj(renderer, {
+                    'title': ((
+                        ('overlayMetadata', 'primaryText', 'content', {str}),
+                        ('accessibilityText', {lambda x: re.fullmatch(r'(.+), (?:[\d,.]+(?:[KM]| million)?|No) views? - play Short', x)}, 1)), any),
+                    'view_count': ('overlayMetadata', 'secondaryText', 'content', {parse_count}),
+                }),
+                thumbnails=self._extract_thumbnails(renderer, 'thumbnail', final_key='sources'))
+            return
+
+    def _video_entry(self, video_renderer):
+        video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
+        if video_id:
+            return self._extract_video(video_renderer)
+
+    def _hashtag_tile_entry(self, hashtag_tile_renderer):
+        url = urljoin('https://youtube.com', traverse_obj(
+            hashtag_tile_renderer, ('onTapCommand', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url')))
+        if url:
+            return self.url_result(
+                url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), title=self._get_text(hashtag_tile_renderer, 'hashtag'))
+
+    def _post_thread_entries(self, post_thread_renderer):
+        post_renderer = try_get(
+            post_thread_renderer, lambda x: x['post']['backstagePostRenderer'], dict)
+        if not post_renderer:
+            return
+        # video attachment
+        video_renderer = try_get(
+            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['videoRenderer'], dict) or {}
+        video_id = video_renderer.get('videoId')
+        if video_id:
+            entry = self._extract_video(video_renderer)
+            if entry:
+                yield entry
+        # playlist attachment
+        playlist_id = try_get(
+            post_renderer, lambda x: x['backstageAttachment']['playlistRenderer']['playlistId'], str)
+        if playlist_id:
+            yield self.url_result(
+                f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}',
+                ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
+        # inline video links
+        runs = try_get(post_renderer, lambda x: x['contentText']['runs'], list) or []
+        for run in runs:
+            if not isinstance(run, dict):
+                continue
+            ep_url = try_get(
+                run, lambda x: x['navigationEndpoint']['urlEndpoint']['url'], str)
+            if not ep_url:
+                continue
+            if not YoutubeIE.suitable(ep_url):
+                continue
+            ep_video_id = YoutubeIE._match_id(ep_url)
+            if video_id == ep_video_id:
+                continue
+            yield self.url_result(ep_url, ie=YoutubeIE.ie_key(), video_id=ep_video_id)
+
+    def _post_thread_continuation_entries(self, post_thread_continuation):
+        contents = post_thread_continuation.get('contents')
+        if not isinstance(contents, list):
+            return
+        for content in contents:
+            renderer = content.get('backstagePostThreadRenderer')
+            if isinstance(renderer, dict):
+                yield from self._post_thread_entries(renderer)
+                continue
+            renderer = content.get('videoRenderer')
+            if isinstance(renderer, dict):
+                yield self._video_entry(renderer)
+
+    r''' # unused
+    def _rich_grid_entries(self, contents):
+        for content in contents:
+            video_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['richItemRenderer']['content']['videoRenderer'], dict)
+            if video_renderer:
+                entry = self._video_entry(video_renderer)
+                if entry:
+                    yield entry
+    '''
+
+    def _report_history_entries(self, renderer):
+        for url in traverse_obj(renderer, (
+                'rows', ..., 'reportHistoryTableRowRenderer', 'cells', ...,
+                'reportHistoryTableCellRenderer', 'cell', 'reportHistoryTableTextCellRenderer', 'text', 'runs', ...,
+                'navigationEndpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url')):
+            yield self.url_result(urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', url), YoutubeIE)
+
+    def _extract_entries(self, parent_renderer, continuation_list):
+        # continuation_list is modified in-place with continuation_list = [continuation_token]
+        continuation_list[:] = [None]
+        contents = try_get(parent_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
+        for content in contents:
+            if not isinstance(content, dict):
+                continue
+            is_renderer = traverse_obj(
+                content, 'itemSectionRenderer', 'musicShelfRenderer', 'musicShelfContinuation',
+                expected_type=dict)
+            if not is_renderer:
+                if content.get('richItemRenderer'):
+                    for entry in self._rich_entries(content['richItemRenderer']):
+                        yield entry
+                    continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(parent_renderer)
+                elif content.get('reportHistorySectionRenderer'):  # https://www.youtube.com/reporthistory
+                    table = traverse_obj(content, ('reportHistorySectionRenderer', 'table', 'tableRenderer'))
+                    yield from self._report_history_entries(table)
+                    continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(table)
+                continue
+
+            isr_contents = try_get(is_renderer, lambda x: x['contents'], list) or []
+            for isr_content in isr_contents:
+                if not isinstance(isr_content, dict):
+                    continue
+
+                known_renderers = {
+                    'playlistVideoListRenderer': self._playlist_entries,
+                    'gridRenderer': self._grid_entries,
+                    'reelShelfRenderer': self._grid_entries,
+                    'shelfRenderer': self._shelf_entries,
+                    'musicResponsiveListItemRenderer': lambda x: [self._music_reponsive_list_entry(x)],
+                    'backstagePostThreadRenderer': self._post_thread_entries,
+                    'videoRenderer': lambda x: [self._video_entry(x)],
+                    'playlistRenderer': lambda x: self._grid_entries({'items': [{'playlistRenderer': x}]}),
+                    'channelRenderer': lambda x: self._grid_entries({'items': [{'channelRenderer': x}]}),
+                    'hashtagTileRenderer': lambda x: [self._hashtag_tile_entry(x)],
+                    'richGridRenderer': lambda x: self._extract_entries(x, continuation_list),
+                    'lockupViewModel': lambda x: [self._extract_lockup_view_model(x)],
+                }
+                for key, renderer in isr_content.items():
+                    if key not in known_renderers:
+                        continue
+                    for entry in known_renderers[key](renderer):
+                        if entry:
+                            yield entry
+                    continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(renderer)
+                    break
+
+            if not continuation_list[0]:
+                continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(is_renderer)
+
+        if not continuation_list[0]:
+            continuation_list[0] = self._extract_continuation(parent_renderer)
+
+    def _entries(self, tab, item_id, ytcfg, delegated_session_id, visitor_data):
+        continuation_list = [None]
+        extract_entries = lambda x: self._extract_entries(x, continuation_list)
+        tab_content = try_get(tab, lambda x: x['content'], dict)
+        if not tab_content:
+            return
+        parent_renderer = (
+            try_get(tab_content, lambda x: x['sectionListRenderer'], dict)
+            or try_get(tab_content, lambda x: x['richGridRenderer'], dict) or {})
+        yield from extract_entries(parent_renderer)
+        continuation = continuation_list[0]
+        seen_continuations = set()
+        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
+            if not continuation:
+                break
+            continuation_token = continuation.get('continuation')
+            if continuation_token is not None and continuation_token in seen_continuations:
+                self.write_debug('Detected YouTube feed looping - assuming end of feed.')
+                break
+            seen_continuations.add(continuation_token)
+            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
+                ytcfg=ytcfg, delegated_session_id=delegated_session_id, visitor_data=visitor_data)
+            response = self._extract_response(
+                item_id=f'{item_id} page {page_num}',
+                query=continuation, headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
+                check_get_keys=('continuationContents', 'onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'))
+
+            if not response:
+                break
+            # Extracting updated visitor data is required to prevent an infinite extraction loop in some cases
+            # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28702
+            visitor_data = self._extract_visitor_data(response) or visitor_data
+
+            known_renderers = {
+                'videoRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),  # for membership tab
+                'gridPlaylistRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
+                'gridVideoRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
+                'gridChannelRenderer': (self._grid_entries, 'items'),
+                'playlistVideoRenderer': (self._playlist_entries, 'contents'),
+                'itemSectionRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for feeds
+                'richItemRenderer': (extract_entries, 'contents'),  # for hashtag
+                'backstagePostThreadRenderer': (self._post_thread_continuation_entries, 'contents'),
+                'reportHistoryTableRowRenderer': (self._report_history_entries, 'rows'),
+                'playlistVideoListContinuation': (self._playlist_entries, None),
+                'gridContinuation': (self._grid_entries, None),
+                'itemSectionContinuation': (self._post_thread_continuation_entries, None),
+                'sectionListContinuation': (extract_entries, None),  # for feeds
+            }
+
+            continuation_items = traverse_obj(response, (
+                ('onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'), ...,
+                'appendContinuationItemsAction', 'continuationItems',
+            ), 'continuationContents', get_all=False)
+            continuation_item = traverse_obj(continuation_items, 0, None, expected_type=dict, default={})
+
+            video_items_renderer = None
+            for key in continuation_item:
+                if key not in known_renderers:
+                    continue
+                func, parent_key = known_renderers[key]
+                video_items_renderer = {parent_key: continuation_items} if parent_key else continuation_items
+                continuation_list = [None]
+                yield from func(video_items_renderer)
+                continuation = continuation_list[0] or self._extract_continuation(video_items_renderer)
+
+            if not video_items_renderer:
+                break
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_selected_tab(tabs, fatal=True):
+        for tab_renderer in tabs:
+            if tab_renderer.get('selected'):
+                return tab_renderer
+        if fatal:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find selected tab')
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_tab_renderers(response):
+        return traverse_obj(
+            response, ('contents', 'twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer', 'tabs', ..., ('tabRenderer', 'expandableTabRenderer')), expected_type=dict)
+
+    def _extract_from_tabs(self, item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs):
+        metadata = self._extract_metadata_from_tabs(item_id, data)
+
+        selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
+        metadata['title'] += format_field(selected_tab, 'title', ' - %s')
+        metadata['title'] += format_field(selected_tab, 'expandedText', ' - %s')
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(
+                selected_tab, metadata['id'], ytcfg,
+                self._extract_delegated_session_id(ytcfg, data),
+                self._extract_visitor_data(data, ytcfg)),
+            **metadata)
+
+    def _extract_metadata_from_tabs(self, item_id, data):
+        info = {'id': item_id}
+
+        metadata_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('metadata', 'channelMetadataRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
+        if metadata_renderer:
+            channel_id = traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, ('externalId', {self.ucid_or_none}),
+                                      ('channelUrl', {self.ucid_from_url}))
+            info.update({
+                'channel': metadata_renderer.get('title'),
+                'channel_id': channel_id,
+            })
+            if info['channel_id']:
+                info['id'] = info['channel_id']
+        else:
+            metadata_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('metadata', 'playlistMetadataRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
+
+        # pageHeaderViewModel slow rollout began April 2024
+        page_header_view_model = traverse_obj(data, (
+            'header', 'pageHeaderRenderer', 'content', 'pageHeaderViewModel', {dict}))
+
+        # We can get the uncropped banner/avatar by replacing the crop params with '=s0'
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2237#issuecomment-1013694714
+        def _get_uncropped(url):
+            return url_or_none((url or '').split('=')[0] + '=s0')
+
+        avatar_thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(metadata_renderer, 'avatar')
+        if avatar_thumbnails:
+            uncropped_avatar = _get_uncropped(avatar_thumbnails[0]['url'])
+            if uncropped_avatar:
+                avatar_thumbnails.append({
+                    'url': uncropped_avatar,
+                    'id': 'avatar_uncropped',
+                    'preference': 1,
+                })
+
+        channel_banners = (
+            self._extract_thumbnails(data, ('header', ..., ('banner', 'mobileBanner', 'tvBanner')))
+            or self._extract_thumbnails(
+                page_header_view_model, ('banner', 'imageBannerViewModel', 'image'), final_key='sources'))
+        for banner in channel_banners:
+            banner['preference'] = -10
+
+        if channel_banners:
+            uncropped_banner = _get_uncropped(channel_banners[0]['url'])
+            if uncropped_banner:
+                channel_banners.append({
+                    'url': uncropped_banner,
+                    'id': 'banner_uncropped',
+                    'preference': -5,
+                })
+
+        # Deprecated - remove primary_sidebar_renderer when layout discontinued
+        primary_sidebar_renderer = self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer')
+        playlist_header_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('header', 'playlistHeaderRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
+
+        primary_thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(
+            primary_sidebar_renderer, ('thumbnailRenderer', ('playlistVideoThumbnailRenderer', 'playlistCustomThumbnailRenderer'), 'thumbnail'))
+        playlist_thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(
+            playlist_header_renderer, ('playlistHeaderBanner', 'heroPlaylistThumbnailRenderer', 'thumbnail'))
+
+        info.update({
+            'title': (traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, 'title')
+                      or self._get_text(data, ('header', 'hashtagHeaderRenderer', 'hashtag'))
+                      or info['id']),
+            'availability': self._extract_availability(data),
+            'channel_follower_count': (
+                self._get_count(data, ('header', ..., 'subscriberCountText'))
+                or traverse_obj(page_header_view_model, (
+                    'metadata', 'contentMetadataViewModel', 'metadataRows', ..., 'metadataParts',
+                    lambda _, v: 'subscribers' in v['text']['content'], 'text', 'content', {parse_count}, any))),
+            'description': try_get(metadata_renderer, lambda x: x.get('description', '')),
+            'tags': (traverse_obj(data, ('microformat', 'microformatDataRenderer', 'tags', ..., {str}))
+                     or traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, ('keywords', {lambda x: x and shlex.split(x)}, ...))),
+            'thumbnails': (primary_thumbnails or playlist_thumbnails) + avatar_thumbnails + channel_banners,
+        })
+
+        channel_handle = (
+            traverse_obj(metadata_renderer, (('vanityChannelUrl', ('ownerUrls', ...)), {self.handle_from_url}), get_all=False)
+            or traverse_obj(data, ('header', ..., 'channelHandleText', {self.handle_or_none}), get_all=False))
+
+        if channel_handle:
+            info.update({
+                'uploader_id': channel_handle,
+                'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
+            })
+
+        channel_badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(data, ('header', ..., 'badges'), get_all=False))
+        if self._has_badge(channel_badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED):
+            info['channel_is_verified'] = True
+        # Playlist stats is a text runs array containing [video count, view count, last updated].
+        # last updated or (view count and last updated) may be missing.
+        playlist_stats = get_first(
+            (primary_sidebar_renderer, playlist_header_renderer), (('stats', 'briefStats', 'numVideosText'), ))
+
+        last_updated_unix = self._parse_time_text(
+            self._get_text(playlist_stats, 2)  # deprecated, remove when old layout discontinued
+            or self._get_text(playlist_header_renderer, ('byline', 1, 'playlistBylineRenderer', 'text')))
+        info['modified_date'] = strftime_or_none(last_updated_unix)
+
+        info['view_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_stats, 1)
+        if info['view_count'] is None:  # 0 is allowed
+            info['view_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_header_renderer, 'viewCountText')
+        if info['view_count'] is None:
+            info['view_count'] = self._get_count(data, (
+                'contents', 'twoColumnBrowseResultsRenderer', 'tabs', ..., 'tabRenderer', 'content', 'sectionListRenderer',
+                'contents', ..., 'itemSectionRenderer', 'contents', ..., 'channelAboutFullMetadataRenderer', 'viewCountText'))
+
+        info['playlist_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_stats, 0)
+        if info['playlist_count'] is None:  # 0 is allowed
+            info['playlist_count'] = self._get_count(playlist_header_renderer, ('byline', 0, 'playlistBylineRenderer', 'text'))
+
+        if not info.get('channel_id'):
+            owner = traverse_obj(playlist_header_renderer, 'ownerText')
+            if not owner:  # Deprecated
+                owner = traverse_obj(
+                    self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarSecondaryInfoRenderer'),
+                    ('videoOwner', 'videoOwnerRenderer', 'title'))
+            owner_text = self._get_text(owner)
+            browse_ep = traverse_obj(owner, ('runs', 0, 'navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint')) or {}
+            info.update({
+                'channel': self._search_regex(r'^by (.+) and \d+ others?$', owner_text, 'uploader', default=owner_text),
+                'channel_id': self.ucid_or_none(browse_ep.get('browseId')),
+                'uploader_id': self.handle_from_url(urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', browse_ep.get('canonicalBaseUrl'))),
+            })
+
+        info.update({
+            'uploader': info['channel'],
+            'channel_url': format_field(info.get('channel_id'), None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s', default=None),
+            'uploader_url': format_field(info.get('uploader_id'), None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
+        })
+
+        return info
+
+    def _extract_inline_playlist(self, playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg):
+        first_id = last_id = response = None
+        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
+            videos = list(self._playlist_entries(playlist))
+            if not videos:
+                return
+            start = next((i for i, v in enumerate(videos) if v['id'] == last_id), -1) + 1
+            if start >= len(videos):
+                return
+            yield from videos[start:]
+            first_id = first_id or videos[0]['id']
+            last_id = videos[-1]['id']
+            watch_endpoint = try_get(
+                playlist, lambda x: x['contents'][-1]['playlistPanelVideoRenderer']['navigationEndpoint']['watchEndpoint'])
+            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
+                ytcfg=ytcfg, delegated_session_id=self._extract_delegated_session_id(ytcfg, data),
+                visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response, data, ytcfg))
+            query = {
+                'playlistId': playlist_id,
+                'videoId': watch_endpoint.get('videoId') or last_id,
+                'index': watch_endpoint.get('index') or len(videos),
+                'params': watch_endpoint.get('params') or 'OAE%3D',
+            }
+            response = self._extract_response(
+                item_id=f'{playlist_id} page {page_num}',
+                query=query, ep='next', headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
+                check_get_keys='contents',
+            )
+            playlist = try_get(
+                response, lambda x: x['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['playlist']['playlist'], dict)
+
+    def _extract_from_playlist(self, item_id, url, data, playlist, ytcfg):
+        title = playlist.get('title') or try_get(
+            data, lambda x: x['titleText']['simpleText'], str)
+        playlist_id = playlist.get('playlistId') or item_id
+
+        # Delegating everything except mix playlists to regular tab-based playlist URL
+        playlist_url = urljoin(url, try_get(
+            playlist, lambda x: x['endpoint']['commandMetadata']['webCommandMetadata']['url'],
+            str))
+
+        # Some playlists are unviewable but YouTube still provides a link to the (broken) playlist page [1]
+        # [1] MLCT, RLTDwFCb4jeqaKWnciAYM-ZVHg
+        is_known_unviewable = re.fullmatch(r'MLCT|RLTD[\w-]{22}', playlist_id)
+
+        if playlist_url and playlist_url != url and not is_known_unviewable:
+            return self.url_result(
+                playlist_url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id,
+                video_title=title)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._extract_inline_playlist(playlist, playlist_id, data, ytcfg),
+            playlist_id=playlist_id, playlist_title=title)
+
+    def _extract_availability(self, data):
+        """
+        Gets the availability of a given playlist/tab.
+        Note: Unless YouTube tells us explicitly, we do not assume it is public
+        @param data: response
+        """
+        sidebar_renderer = self._extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, 'playlistSidebarPrimaryInfoRenderer') or {}
+        playlist_header_renderer = traverse_obj(data, ('header', 'playlistHeaderRenderer')) or {}
+        player_header_privacy = playlist_header_renderer.get('privacy')
+
+        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(sidebar_renderer, 'badges'))
+
+        # Personal playlists, when authenticated, have a dropdown visibility selector instead of a badge
+        privacy_setting_icon = get_first(
+            (playlist_header_renderer, sidebar_renderer),
+            ('privacyForm', 'dropdownFormFieldRenderer', 'dropdown', 'dropdownRenderer', 'entries',
+             lambda _, v: v['privacyDropdownItemRenderer']['isSelected'], 'privacyDropdownItemRenderer', 'icon', 'iconType'),
+            expected_type=str)
+
+        microformats_is_unlisted = traverse_obj(
+            data, ('microformat', 'microformatDataRenderer', 'unlisted'), expected_type=bool)
+
+        return (
+            'public' if (
+                self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC)
+                or player_header_privacy == 'PUBLIC'
+                or privacy_setting_icon == 'PRIVACY_PUBLIC')
+            else self._availability(
+                is_private=(
+                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE)
+                    or player_header_privacy == 'PRIVATE' if player_header_privacy is not None
+                    else privacy_setting_icon == 'PRIVACY_PRIVATE' if privacy_setting_icon is not None else None),
+                is_unlisted=(
+                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED)
+                    or player_header_privacy == 'UNLISTED' if player_header_privacy is not None
+                    else privacy_setting_icon == 'PRIVACY_UNLISTED' if privacy_setting_icon is not None
+                    else microformats_is_unlisted if microformats_is_unlisted is not None else None),
+                needs_subscription=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION) or None,
+                needs_premium=self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM) or None,
+                needs_auth=False))
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _extract_sidebar_info_renderer(data, info_renderer, expected_type=dict):
+        sidebar_renderer = try_get(
+            data, lambda x: x['sidebar']['playlistSidebarRenderer']['items'], list) or []
+        for item in sidebar_renderer:
+            renderer = try_get(item, lambda x: x[info_renderer], expected_type)
+            if renderer:
+                return renderer
+
+    def _reload_with_unavailable_videos(self, item_id, data, ytcfg):
+        """
+        Reload playlists with unavailable videos (e.g. private videos, region blocked, etc.)
+        """
+        is_playlist = bool(traverse_obj(
+            data, ('metadata', 'playlistMetadataRenderer'), ('header', 'playlistHeaderRenderer')))
+        if not is_playlist:
+            return
+        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
+            ytcfg=ytcfg, delegated_session_id=self._extract_delegated_session_id(ytcfg, data),
+            visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(data, ytcfg))
+        query = {
+            'params': 'wgYCCAA=',
+            'browseId': f'VL{item_id}',
+        }
+        return self._extract_response(
+            item_id=item_id, headers=headers, query=query,
+            check_get_keys='contents', fatal=False, ytcfg=ytcfg,
+            note='Redownloading playlist API JSON with unavailable videos')
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def skip_webpage(self):
+        return 'webpage' in self._configuration_arg('skip', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
+
+    def _extract_webpage(self, url, item_id, fatal=True):
+        webpage, data = None, None
+        for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=fatal):
+            try:
+                webpage = self._download_webpage(url, item_id, note='Downloading webpage')
+                data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(item_id, webpage or '', fatal=fatal) or {}
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                if isinstance(e.cause, network_exceptions):
+                    if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status not in (403, 429):
+                        retry.error = e
+                        continue
+                self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
+                break
+
+            try:
+                self._extract_and_report_alerts(data)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                self._error_or_warning(e, fatal=fatal)
+                break
+
+            # Sometimes youtube returns a webpage with incomplete ytInitialData
+            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/116
+            if not traverse_obj(data, 'contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint', 'onResponseReceivedActions'):
+                retry.error = ExtractorError('Incomplete yt initial data received')
+                data = None
+                continue
+
+        return webpage, data
+
+    def _report_playlist_authcheck(self, ytcfg, fatal=True):
+        """Use if failed to extract ytcfg (and data) from initial webpage"""
+        if not ytcfg and self.is_authenticated:
+            msg = 'Playlists that require authentication may not extract correctly without a successful webpage download'
+            if 'authcheck' not in self._configuration_arg('skip', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key()) and fatal:
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    f'{msg}. If you are not downloading private content, or '
+                    'your cookies are only for the first account and channel,'
+                    ' pass "--extractor-args youtubetab:skip=authcheck" to skip this check',
+                    expected=True)
+            self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)
+
+    def _extract_data(self, url, item_id, ytcfg=None, fatal=True, webpage_fatal=False, default_client='web'):
+        data = None
+        if not self.skip_webpage:
+            webpage, data = self._extract_webpage(url, item_id, fatal=webpage_fatal)
+            ytcfg = ytcfg or self.extract_ytcfg(item_id, webpage)
+            # Reject webpage data if redirected to home page without explicitly requesting
+            selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(self._extract_tab_renderers(data), fatal=False) or {}
+            if (url != 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended'
+                    and selected_tab.get('tabIdentifier') == 'FEwhat_to_watch'  # Home page
+                    and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in self.get_param('compat_opts', [])):
+                msg = 'The channel/playlist does not exist and the URL redirected to youtube.com home page'
+                if fatal:
+                    raise ExtractorError(msg, expected=True)
+                self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)
+        if not data:
+            self._report_playlist_authcheck(ytcfg, fatal=fatal)
+            data = self._extract_tab_endpoint(url, item_id, ytcfg, fatal=fatal, default_client=default_client)
+        return data, ytcfg
+
+    def _extract_tab_endpoint(self, url, item_id, ytcfg=None, fatal=True, default_client='web'):
+        headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, default_client=default_client)
+        resolve_response = self._extract_response(
+            item_id=item_id, query={'url': url}, check_get_keys='endpoint', headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=fatal,
+            ep='navigation/resolve_url', note='Downloading API parameters API JSON', default_client=default_client)
+        endpoints = {'browseEndpoint': 'browse', 'watchEndpoint': 'next'}
+        for ep_key, ep in endpoints.items():
+            params = try_get(resolve_response, lambda x: x['endpoint'][ep_key], dict)
+            if params:
+                return self._extract_response(
+                    item_id=item_id, query=params, ep=ep, headers=headers,
+                    ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=fatal, default_client=default_client,
+                    check_get_keys=('contents', 'currentVideoEndpoint', 'onResponseReceivedActions'))
+        err_note = 'Failed to resolve url (does the playlist exist?)'
+        if fatal:
+            raise ExtractorError(err_note, expected=True)
+        self.report_warning(err_note, item_id)
+
+    _SEARCH_PARAMS = None
+
+    def _search_results(self, query, params=NO_DEFAULT, default_client='web'):
+        data = {'query': query}
+        if params is NO_DEFAULT:
+            params = self._SEARCH_PARAMS
+        if params:
+            data['params'] = params
+
+        content_keys = (
+            ('contents', 'twoColumnSearchResultsRenderer', 'primaryContents', 'sectionListRenderer', 'contents'),
+            ('onResponseReceivedCommands', 0, 'appendContinuationItemsAction', 'continuationItems'),
+            # ytmusic search
+            ('contents', 'tabbedSearchResultsRenderer', 'tabs', 0, 'tabRenderer', 'content', 'sectionListRenderer', 'contents'),
+            ('continuationContents', ),
+        )
+        display_id = f'query "{query}"'
+        check_get_keys = tuple({keys[0] for keys in content_keys})
+        ytcfg = self._download_ytcfg(default_client, display_id) if not self.skip_webpage else {}
+        self._report_playlist_authcheck(ytcfg, fatal=False)
+
+        continuation_list = [None]
+        search = None
+        for page_num in itertools.count(1):
+            data.update(continuation_list[0] or {})
+            headers = self.generate_api_headers(
+                ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(search), default_client=default_client)
+            search = self._extract_response(
+                item_id=f'{display_id} page {page_num}', ep='search', query=data,
+                default_client=default_client, check_get_keys=check_get_keys, ytcfg=ytcfg, headers=headers)
+            slr_contents = traverse_obj(search, *content_keys)
+            yield from self._extract_entries({'contents': list(variadic(slr_contents))}, continuation_list)
+            if not continuation_list[0]:
+                break
+
+
+class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube Tabs'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x:
+        https?://
+            (?!consent\.)(?:\w+\.)?
+            (?:
+                youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
+                {invidious}
+            )/
+            (?:
+                (?P<channel_type>channel|c|user|browse)/|
+                (?P<not_channel>
+                    feed/|hashtag/|
+                    (?:playlist|watch)\?.*?\blist=
+                )|
+                (?!(?:{reserved_names})\b)  # Direct URLs
+            )
+            (?P<id>[^/?\#&]+)
+    )'''.format(
+        reserved_names=YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._RESERVED_NAMES,
+        invidious='|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
+    )
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:tab'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'note': 'playlists, multipage',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ИгорьКлейнер/playlists?view=1&flow=grid',
+        'playlist_mincount': 94,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
+            'title': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D. - Playlists',
+            'description': 'md5:15d7dd9e333cb987907fcb0d604b233a',
+            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
+            'uploader_id': '@IgorDataScience',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@IgorDataScience',
+            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
+            'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
+            'tags': ['критическое мышление', 'наука просто', 'математика', 'анализ данных'],
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'playlists, multipage, different order',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/igorkle1/playlists?view=1&sort=dd',
+        'playlist_mincount': 94,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
+            'title': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D. - Playlists',
+            'description': 'md5:15d7dd9e333cb987907fcb0d604b233a',
+            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
+            'uploader_id': '@IgorDataScience',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@IgorDataScience',
+            'tags': ['критическое мышление', 'наука просто', 'математика', 'анализ данных'],
+            'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
+            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'playlists, series',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=3',
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Playlists',
+            'description': 'md5:602e3789e6a0cb7d9d352186b720e395',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
+            'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
+            'tags': ['Mathematics'],
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'playlists, singlepage',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/ThirstForScience/playlists',
+        'playlist_mincount': 4,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
+            'title': 'ThirstForScience - Playlists',
+            'description': 'md5:609399d937ea957b0f53cbffb747a14c',
+            'uploader': 'ThirstForScience',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ThirstForScience',
+            'uploader_id': '@ThirstForScience',
+            'channel_id': 'UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAEtajcuhQ6an9WEzY9LEMQ',
+            'tags': 'count:12',
+            'channel': 'ThirstForScience',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChristophLaimer/playlists',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'basic, single video playlist',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
+            'title': 'youtube-dl public playlist',
+            'description': '',
+            'tags': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'modified_date': '20201130',
+            'channel': 'Sergey M.',
+            'channel_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sergeym.6173',
+            'uploader_id': '@sergeym.6173',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'empty playlist',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFodcLWhDpGCYnngnHtQ-Xf',
+            'title': 'youtube-dl empty playlist',
+            'tags': [],
+            'channel': 'Sergey M.',
+            'description': '',
+            'modified_date': '20230921',
+            'channel_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
+            'availability': 'unlisted',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sergeym.6173',
+            'uploader_id': '@sergeym.6173',
+            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 0,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Home tab',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/featured',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'title': 'lex will - Home',
+            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
+            'uploader': 'lex will',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
+            'channel': 'lex will',
+            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Videos tab',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/videos',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'title': 'lex will - Videos',
+            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
+            'uploader': 'lex will',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
+            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
+            'channel': 'lex will',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 975,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Videos tab, sorted by popular',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/videos?view=0&sort=p&flow=grid',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'title': 'lex will - Videos',
+            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
+            'uploader': 'lex will',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
+            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
+            'channel': 'lex will',
+            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 199,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Playlists tab',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/playlists',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'title': 'lex will - Playlists',
+            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
+            'uploader': 'lex will',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
+            'channel': 'lex will',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 17,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Community tab',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/community',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'title': 'lex will - Community',
+            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
+            'channel': 'lex will',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
+            'uploader': 'lex will',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 18,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Channels tab',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/channels',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'title': 'lex will - Channels',
+            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
+            'channel': 'lex will',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
+            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
+            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
+            'uploader': 'lex will',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 12,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Search tab',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/search?query=linear%20algebra',
+        'playlist_mincount': 40,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Search - linear algebra',
+            'description': 'md5:4d1da95432004b7ba840ebc895b6b4c9',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'tags': ['Mathematics'],
+            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
+            'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://invidio.us/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': '29C3: Not my department',
+            'id': 'PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
+            'description': 'md5:a14dc1a8ef8307a9807fe136a0660268',
+            'tags': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'modified_date': '20150605',
+            'channel_id': 'UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEPzS1rYsrkqzSLNp76nrcg',
+            'channel': 'Christiaan008',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_id': '@ChRiStIaAn008',
+            'uploader': 'Christiaan008',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ChRiStIaAn008',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 96,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Large playlist',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Uploads from Cauchemar',
+            'id': 'UUBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
+            'tags': [],
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'channel': 'Cauchemar',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'description': '',
+            'channel_id': 'UCBABnxM4Ar9ten8Mdjj1j0Q',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_id': '@Cauchemar89',
+            'uploader': 'Cauchemar',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Cauchemar89',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1123,
+        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
+    }, {
+        'note': 'even larger playlist, 8832 videos',
+        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/NASAgovVideo/videos',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Buggy playlist: the webpage has a "Load more" button but it doesn\'t have more videos',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Uploads from Interstellar Movie',
+            'id': 'UUXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
+            'tags': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel_id': 'UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXw-G3eDE9trcvY2sBMM_aA',
+            'channel': 'Interstellar Movie',
+            'description': '',
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_id': '@InterstellarMovie',
+            'uploader': 'Interstellar Movie',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@InterstellarMovie',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 21,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Playlist with "show unavailable videos" button',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Uploads from Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
+            'id': 'UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
+            'tags': [],
+            'description': '',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+            'channel_id': 'UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@phimsieunhannhatban',
+            'uploader_id': '@phimsieunhannhatban',
+            'uploader': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 200,
+        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Playlist with unavailable videos in page 7',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Uploads from BlankTV',
+            'id': 'UU8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
+            'channel': 'BlankTV',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
+            'channel_id': 'UC8l9frL61Yl5KFOl87nIm2w',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'tags': [],
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'description': '',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_id': '@blanktv',
+            'uploader': 'BlankTV',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@blanktv',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1000,
+        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
+    }, {
+        'note': 'https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/21844',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'Data Analysis with Dr Mike Pound',
+            'id': 'PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
+            'description': 'md5:7f567c574d13d3f8c0954d9ffee4e487',
+            'tags': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel_id': 'UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9-y-6csu5WGm29I7JiwpnA',
+            'channel': 'Computerphile',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'modified_date': '20190712',
+            'uploader_id': '@Computerphile',
+            'uploader': 'Computerphile',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Computerphile',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 11,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://invidio.us/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Playlist URL that does not actually serve a playlist',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FqZTN594JQw&list=PLMYEtVRpaqY00V9W81Cwmzp6N6vZqfUKD4',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'FqZTN594JQw',
+            'ext': 'webm',
+            'title': "Smiley's People 01 detective, Adventure Series, Action",
+            'upload_date': '20150526',
+            'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
+            'description': 'md5:507cdcb5a49ac0da37a920ece610be80',
+            'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
+            'tags': list,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+        'skip': 'This video is not available.',
+        'add_ie': [YoutubeIE.ie_key()],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=Agk7R8I8o5U&list=PUZ6jURNr1WQZCNHF0ao-c0g',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuAGGZNfUkU&list=RDMM',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ/live',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'hGkQjiJLjWQ',  # This will keep changing
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': str,
+            'upload_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'description': str,
+            'categories': ['News & Politics'],
+            'tags': list,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'release_timestamp': int,
+            'channel': 'Sky News',
+            'channel_id': 'UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://i\.ytimg\.com/vi/[^/]+/maxresdefault(?:_live)?\.jpg',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'release_date': r're:\d+',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@SkyNews',
+            'uploader_id': '@SkyNews',
+            'uploader': 'Sky News',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Ignoring subtitle tracks found in '],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/TheYoungTurks/live',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'a48o2S1cPoo',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The Young Turks - Live Main Show',
+            'upload_date': '20150715',
+            'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
+            'description': 'md5:438179573adcdff3c97ebb1ee632b891',
+            'categories': ['News & Politics'],
+            'tags': ['Cenk Uygur (TV Program Creator)', 'The Young Turks (Award-Winning Work)', 'Talk Show (TV Genre)'],
+            'like_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yBKRuGpC1tSM73A0ZjYjQ/live',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/CommanderVideoHq/live',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'A channel that is not live. Should raise error',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/numberphile/live',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/trending',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/library',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/history',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/subscriptions',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/watch_later',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Recommended - redirects to home page.',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'inline playlist with not always working continuations',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UC6u0Tct-Fo&list=PL36D642111D65BE7C',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/course',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/zsecurity',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/NASAgovVideo/videos',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/TheYoungTurks/live',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/hashtag/cctv9',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'cctv9',
+            'title': 'cctv9 - All',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 300,  # not consistent but should be over 300
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=PLW4dVinRY435CBE_JD3t-0SRXKfnZHS1P&feature=youtu.be&v=M9cJMXmQ_ZU',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Requires Premium: should request additional YTM-info webpage (and have format 141) for videos in playlist',
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': '/browse/ should redirect to /channel/',
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC1a8OFewdjuLq6KlF8M_8Ng',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'VLPL, should redirect to playlist?list=PL...',
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/VLPLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'PLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
+            'description': 'Providing you with copyright free / safe music for gaming, live streaming, studying and more!',
+            'title': 'NCS : All Releases 💿',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel_id': 'UC_aEa8K-EOJ3D6gOs7HcyNg',
+            'tags': [],
+            'channel': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NoCopyrightSounds',
+            'uploader': 'NoCopyrightSounds',
+            'uploader_id': '@NoCopyrightSounds',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 166,
+        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden', 'YouTube Music is not directly supported'],
+    }, {
+        # TODO: fix 'unviewable' issue with this playlist when reloading with unavailable videos
+        'note': 'Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+            'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
+            'tags': [],
+            'channel_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+            'channel': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'description': '',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 101,
+        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported', r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
+    }, {
+        # Destination channel with only a hidden self tab (tab id is UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg)
+        # Treat as a general feed
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
+            'title': 'UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 9,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Youtube music Album',
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/MPREb_gTAcphH99wE',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'OLAK5uy_l1m0thk3g31NmIIz_vMIbWtyv7eZixlH0',
+            'title': 'Album - Royalty Free Music Library V2 (50 Songs)',
+            'tags': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'description': '',
+            'availability': 'unlisted',
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 50,
+        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported'],
+    }, {
+        'note': 'unlisted single video playlist',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
+            'title': 'yt-dlp unlisted playlist test',
+            'availability': 'unlisted',
+            'tags': [],
+            'modified_date': '20220418',
+            'channel': 'colethedj',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'description': '',
+            'channel_id': 'UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@colethedj1894',
+            'uploader_id': '@colethedj1894',
+            'uploader': 'colethedj',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
+                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'ie_key': 'Youtube',
+                'duration': 10,
+                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
+                'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+                'uploader_id': '@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+            },
+        }],
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
+    }, {
+        'note': 'API Fallback: Recommended - redirects to home page. Requires visitorData',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'recommended',
+            'title': 'recommended',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 50,
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}},
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'API Fallback: /videos tab, sorted by oldest first',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/user/theCodyReeder/videos?view=0&sort=da&flow=grid',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
+            'title': 'Cody\'sLab - Videos',
+            'description': 'md5:d083b7c2f0c67ee7a6c74c3e9b4243fa',
+            'channel': 'Cody\'sLab',
+            'channel_id': 'UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
+            'tags': [],
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCu6mSoMNzHQiBIOCkHUa2Aw',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 650,
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}},
+        },
+        'skip': 'Query for sorting no longer works',
+    }, {
+        'note': 'API Fallback: Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UU9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+            'title': 'Uploads from Royalty Free Music - Topic',
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'channel_id': 'UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+            'description': '',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
+            'tags': [],
+            'channel': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader': 'Royalty Free Music - Topic',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 101,
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': True,
+            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}},
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported', r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
+    }, {
+        'note': 'non-standard redirect to regional channel',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwVVpHQ2Cs9iGJfpdFngePQ',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'collaborative playlist (uploader name in the form "by <uploader> and x other(s)")',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLx-_-Kk4c89oOHEDQAojOXzEzemXxoqx6',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'PLx-_-Kk4c89oOHEDQAojOXzEzemXxoqx6',
+            'modified_date': '20220407',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
+            'tags': [],
+            'availability': 'unlisted',
+            'channel_id': 'UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
+            'channel': 'pukkandan',
+            'description': 'Test for collaborative playlist',
+            'title': 'yt-dlp test - collaborative playlist',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@pukkandan',
+            'uploader_id': '@pukkandan',
+            'uploader': 'pukkandan',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 2,
+    }, {
+        'note': 'translated tab name',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA/playlists',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'tags': [],
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'description': 'test description',
+            'title': 'cole-dlp-test-acc - 再生リスト',
+            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+        'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['ja']}}},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Preferring "ja"'],
+    }, {
+        # XXX: this should really check flat playlist entries, but the test suite doesn't support that
+        'note': 'preferred lang set with playlist with translated video titles',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt5yu3-wZAlQAaPZ5Z-rJoTdbT-45Q7c0',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'PLt5yu3-wZAlQAaPZ5Z-rJoTdbT-45Q7c0',
+            'tags': [],
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'description': 'test',
+            'title': 'dlp test playlist',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+        'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['ja']}}},
+        'expected_warnings': ['Preferring "ja"'],
+    }, {
+        # shorts audio pivot for 2GtVksBMYFM.
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/sfv_audio_pivot?bp=8gUrCikSJwoLMkd0VmtzQk1ZRk0SCzJHdFZrc0JNWUZNGgsyR3RWa3NCTVlGTQ==',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'sfv_audio_pivot',
+            'title': 'sfv_audio_pivot',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 50,
+
+    }, {
+        # Channel with a real live tab (not to be mistaken with streams tab)
+        # Do not treat like it should redirect to live stream
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEH7P7kyJIkS_gJf93VYbmg/live',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCEH7P7kyJIkS_gJf93VYbmg',
+            'title': 'UCEH7P7kyJIkS_gJf93VYbmg - Live',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 20,
+    }, {
+        # Tab name is not the same as tab id
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg/letsplay',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg',
+            'title': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg - Let\'s play',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 8,
+    }, {
+        # Home tab id is literally home. Not to get mistaken with featured
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg/home',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg',
+            'title': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg - Home',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 8,
+    }, {
+        # Should get three playlists for videos, shorts and streams tabs
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
+            'title': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_id': 'UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
+            'description': 'md5:49809d8bf9da539bc48ed5d1f83c33f2',
+            'channel': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
+            'tags': 'count:35',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@OmaruPolka',
+            'uploader': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
+            'uploader_id': '@OmaruPolka',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 3,
+    }, {
+        # Shorts tab with channel with handle
+        # TODO: fix channel description
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NotJustBikes/shorts',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
+            'title': 'Not Just Bikes - Shorts',
+            'tags': 'count:10',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
+            'description': 'md5:5e82545b3a041345927a92d0585df247',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_id': 'UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
+            'channel': 'Not Just Bikes',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NotJustBikes',
+            'uploader': 'Not Just Bikes',
+            'uploader_id': '@NotJustBikes',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 10,
+    }, {
+        # Streams tab
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig/streams',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
+            'title': '中村悠一 - Live',
+            'tags': 'count:7',
+            'channel_id': 'UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
+            'channel': '中村悠一',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:e744f6c93dafa7a03c0c6deecb157300',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Yuichi-Nakamura',
+            'uploader_id': '@Yuichi-Nakamura',
+            'uploader': '中村悠一',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 60,
+    }, {
+        # Channel with no uploads and hence no videos, streams, shorts tabs or uploads playlist. This should fail.
+        # See test_youtube_lists
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2yXPzFejc422buOIzn_0CA',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # No uploads and no UCID given. Should fail with no uploads error
+        # See test_youtube_lists
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/news',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # No videos tab but has a shorts tab
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/TKFShorts',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
+            'title': 'Shorts Break - Shorts',
+            'tags': 'count:48',
+            'channel_id': 'UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
+            'channel': 'Shorts Break',
+            'description': 'md5:6de33c5e7ba686e5f3efd4e19c7ef499',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ShortsBreak_Official',
+            'uploader': 'Shorts Break',
+            'uploader_id': '@ShortsBreak_Official',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
+    }, {
+        # Trending Now Tab. tab id is empty
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/trending',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'trending',
+            'title': 'trending - Now',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
+    }, {
+        # Trending Gaming Tab. tab id is empty
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/trending?bp=4gIcGhpnYW1pbmdfY29ycHVzX21vc3RfcG9wdWxhcg%3D%3D',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'trending',
+            'title': 'trending - Gaming',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
+    }, {
+        # Shorts url result in shorts tab
+        # TODO: Fix channel id extraction
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA/shorts',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'title': 'cole-dlp-test-acc - Shorts',
+            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+            'description': 'test description',
+            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                # Channel data is not currently available for short renderers (as of 2023-03-01)
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'ie_key': 'Youtube',
+                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/sSM9J5YH_60',
+                'id': 'sSM9J5YH_60',
+                'title': 'SHORT short',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'thumbnails': list,
+            },
+        }],
+        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
+    }, {
+        # Live video status should be extracted
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg/live',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg',
+            'title': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg - Live',  # TODO: should be Minecraft - Live or Minecraft - Topic - Live
+            'tags': [],
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'ie_key': 'Youtube',
+                'url': 'startswith:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=',
+                'id': str,
+                'title': str,
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
+                'channel_id': str,
+                'channel_url': str,
+                'concurrent_view_count': int,
+                'channel': str,
+                'uploader': str,
+                'uploader_url': str,
+                'uploader_id': str,
+                'channel_is_verified': bool,  # this will keep changing
+            },
+        }],
+        'params': {'extract_flat': True, 'playlist_items': '1'},
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+    }, {
+        # Channel renderer metadata. Contains number of videos on the channel
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA/channels',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'title': 'cole-dlp-test-acc - Channels',
+            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+            'description': 'test description',
+            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'ie_key': 'YoutubeTab',
+                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw',
+                'id': 'UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw',
+                'channel_id': 'UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw',
+                'title': 'PewDiePie',
+                'channel': 'PewDiePie',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-lHJZR3Gqxm24_Vd_AJ5Yw',
+                'thumbnails': list,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'playlist_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'PewDiePie',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PewDiePie',
+                'uploader_id': '@PewDiePie',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+            },
+        }],
+        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown/about',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '@3blue1brown',
+            'tags': ['Mathematics'],
+            'title': '3Blue1Brown',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
+            'description': 'md5:4d1da95432004b7ba840ebc895b6b4c9',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
+            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 0,
+    }, {
+        # Podcasts tab, with rich entry lockupViewModel
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast/podcasts',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
+            'channel_id': 'UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
+            'description': 'md5:3a0ed38f1ad42a68ef0428c04a15695c',
+            'title': '99% Invisible - Podcasts',
+            'uploader': '99% Invisible',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCVMF2HD4ZgC0QHpU9Yq5Xrw',
+            'tags': [],
+            'channel': '99% Invisible',
+            'uploader_id': '@99percentinvisiblepodcast',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 5,
+    }, {
+        # Releases tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers (same as Podcasts tab)
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AHimitsu/releases',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
+            'channel': 'A Himitsu',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AHimitsu',
+            'title': 'A Himitsu - Releases',
+            'uploader_id': '@AHimitsu',
+            'uploader': 'A Himitsu',
+            'channel_id': 'UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
+            'tags': 'count:12',
+            'description': 'I make music',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 10,
+    }, {
+        # Playlist with only shorts, shown as reel renderers
+        # FIXME: future: YouTube currently doesn't give continuation for this,
+        # may do in future.
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UUxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'uploader_id': '@BangyShorts',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BangyShorts',
+            'channel_id': 'UCxqPAgubo4coVn9Lx1FuKcg',
+            'channel': 'Bangy Shorts',
+            'uploader': 'Bangy Shorts',
+            'tags': [],
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'title': 'Uploads from Bangy Shorts',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 100,
+        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Tags containing spaces',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_YxT-KID8kRbqZo7MyscQ',
+        'playlist_count': 3,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UC7_YxT-KID8kRbqZo7MyscQ',
+            'channel': 'Markiplier',
+            'channel_id': 'UC7_YxT-KID8kRbqZo7MyscQ',
+            'title': 'Markiplier',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:0c010910558658824402809750dc5d97',
+            'uploader_id': '@markiplier',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@markiplier',
+            'uploader': 'Markiplier',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_YxT-KID8kRbqZo7MyscQ',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'tags': ['markiplier', 'comedy', 'gaming', 'funny videos', 'funny moments',
+                     'sketch comedy', 'laughing', 'lets play', 'challenge videos', 'hilarious',
+                     'challenges', 'sketches', 'scary games', 'funny games', 'rage games',
+                     'mark fischbach'],
+        },
+    }]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        return False if YoutubeIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
+
+    _URL_RE = re.compile(rf'(?P<pre>{_VALID_URL})(?(not_channel)|(?P<tab>/[^?#/]+))?(?P<post>.*)$')
+
+    def _get_url_mobj(self, url):
+        mobj = self._URL_RE.match(url).groupdict()
+        mobj.update((k, '') for k, v in mobj.items() if v is None)
+        return mobj
+
+    def _extract_tab_id_and_name(self, tab, base_url='https://www.youtube.com'):
+        tab_name = (tab.get('title') or '').lower()
+        tab_url = urljoin(base_url, traverse_obj(
+            tab, ('endpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url')))
+
+        tab_id = ((tab_url and self._get_url_mobj(tab_url)['tab'][1:])
+                  or traverse_obj(tab, 'tabIdentifier', expected_type=str))
+        if tab_id:
+            return {
+                'TAB_ID_SPONSORSHIPS': 'membership',
+            }.get(tab_id, tab_id), tab_name
+
+        # Fallback to tab name if we cannot get the tab id.
+        # XXX: should we strip non-ascii letters? e.g. in case of 'let's play' tab example on special gaming channel
+        # Note that in the case of translated tab name this may result in an empty string, which we don't want.
+        if tab_name:
+            self.write_debug(f'Falling back to selected tab name: {tab_name}')
+        return {
+            'home': 'featured',
+            'live': 'streams',
+        }.get(tab_name, tab_name), tab_name
+
+    def _has_tab(self, tabs, tab_id):
+        return any(self._extract_tab_id_and_name(tab)[0] == tab_id for tab in tabs)
+
+    def _empty_playlist(self, item_id, data):
+        return self.playlist_result([], item_id, **self._extract_metadata_from_tabs(item_id, data))
+
+    @YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor.passthrough_smuggled_data
+    def _real_extract(self, url, smuggled_data):
+        item_id = self._match_id(url)
+        url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
+            urllib.parse.urlparse(url)._replace(netloc='www.youtube.com'))
+        compat_opts = self.get_param('compat_opts', [])
+
+        mobj = self._get_url_mobj(url)
+        pre, tab, post, is_channel = mobj['pre'], mobj['tab'], mobj['post'], not mobj['not_channel']
+        if is_channel and smuggled_data.get('is_music_url'):
+            if item_id[:2] == 'VL':  # Youtube music VL channels have an equivalent playlist
+                return self.url_result(
+                    f'https://music.youtube.com/playlist?list={item_id[2:]}', YoutubeTabIE, item_id[2:])
+            elif item_id[:2] == 'MP':  # Resolve albums (/[channel/browse]/MP...) to their equivalent playlist
+                mdata = self._extract_tab_endpoint(
+                    f'https://music.youtube.com/channel/{item_id}', item_id, default_client='web_music')
+                murl = traverse_obj(mdata, ('microformat', 'microformatDataRenderer', 'urlCanonical'),
+                                    get_all=False, expected_type=str)
+                if not murl:
+                    raise ExtractorError('Failed to resolve album to playlist')
+                return self.url_result(murl, YoutubeTabIE)
+            elif mobj['channel_type'] == 'browse':  # Youtube music /browse/ should be changed to /channel/
+                return self.url_result(
+                    f'https://music.youtube.com/channel/{item_id}{tab}{post}', YoutubeTabIE, item_id)
+
+        original_tab_id, display_id = tab[1:], f'{item_id}{tab}'
+        if is_channel and not tab and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
+            url = f'{pre}/videos{post}'
+        if smuggled_data.get('is_music_url'):
+            self.report_warning(f'YouTube Music is not directly supported. Redirecting to {url}')
+
+        # Handle both video/playlist URLs
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        video_id, playlist_id = (traverse_obj(qs, (key, 0)) for key in ('v', 'list'))
+        if not video_id and mobj['not_channel'].startswith('watch'):
+            if not playlist_id:
+                # If there is neither video or playlist ids, youtube redirects to home page, which is undesirable
+                raise ExtractorError('A video URL was given without video ID', expected=True)
+            # Common mistake: https://www.youtube.com/watch?list=playlist_id
+            self.report_warning(f'A video URL was given without video ID. Trying to download playlist {playlist_id}')
+            return self.url_result(
+                f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={playlist_id}', YoutubeTabIE, playlist_id)
+
+        if not self._yes_playlist(playlist_id, video_id):
+            return self.url_result(
+                f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}', YoutubeIE, video_id)
+
+        data, ytcfg = self._extract_data(url, display_id)
+
+        # YouTube may provide a non-standard redirect to the regional channel
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2694
+        # https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2976814#zippy=,conditional-redirects
+        redirect_url = traverse_obj(
+            data, ('onResponseReceivedActions', ..., 'navigateAction', 'endpoint', 'commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), get_all=False)
+        if redirect_url and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
+            redirect_url = ''.join((urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', redirect_url), tab, post))
+            self.to_screen(f'This playlist is likely not available in your region. Following conditional redirect to {redirect_url}')
+            return self.url_result(redirect_url, YoutubeTabIE)
+
+        tabs, extra_tabs = self._extract_tab_renderers(data), []
+        if is_channel and tabs and 'no-youtube-channel-redirect' not in compat_opts:
+            selected_tab = self._extract_selected_tab(tabs)
+            selected_tab_id, selected_tab_name = self._extract_tab_id_and_name(selected_tab, url)  # NB: Name may be translated
+            self.write_debug(f'Selected tab: {selected_tab_id!r} ({selected_tab_name}), Requested tab: {original_tab_id!r}')
+
+            # /about is no longer a tab
+            if original_tab_id == 'about':
+                return self._empty_playlist(item_id, data)
+
+            if not original_tab_id and selected_tab_name:
+                self.to_screen('Downloading all uploads of the channel. '
+                               'To download only the videos in a specific tab, pass the tab\'s URL')
+                if self._has_tab(tabs, 'streams'):
+                    extra_tabs.append(''.join((pre, '/streams', post)))
+                if self._has_tab(tabs, 'shorts'):
+                    extra_tabs.append(''.join((pre, '/shorts', post)))
+                # XXX: Members-only tab should also be extracted
+
+                if not extra_tabs and selected_tab_id != 'videos':
+                    # Channel does not have streams, shorts or videos tabs
+                    if item_id[:2] != 'UC':
+                        return self._empty_playlist(item_id, data)
+
+                    # Topic channels don't have /videos. Use the equivalent playlist instead
+                    pl_id = f'UU{item_id[2:]}'
+                    pl_url = f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list={pl_id}'
+                    try:
+                        data, ytcfg = self._extract_data(pl_url, pl_id, ytcfg=ytcfg, fatal=True, webpage_fatal=True)
+                    except ExtractorError:
+                        return self._empty_playlist(item_id, data)
+                    else:
+                        item_id, url = pl_id, pl_url
+                        self.to_screen(
+                            f'The channel does not have a videos, shorts, or live tab. Redirecting to playlist {pl_id} instead')
+
+                elif extra_tabs and selected_tab_id != 'videos':
+                    # When there are shorts/live tabs but not videos tab
+                    url, data = f'{pre}{post}', None
+
+            elif (original_tab_id or 'videos') != selected_tab_id:
+                if original_tab_id == 'live':
+                    # Live tab should have redirected to the video
+                    # Except in the case the channel has an actual live tab
+                    # Example: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEH7P7kyJIkS_gJf93VYbmg/live
+                    raise UserNotLive(video_id=item_id)
+                elif selected_tab_name:
+                    raise ExtractorError(f'This channel does not have a {original_tab_id} tab', expected=True)
+
+                # For channels such as https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg
+                url = f'{pre}{post}'
+
+        # YouTube sometimes provides a button to reload playlist with unavailable videos.
+        if 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos' not in compat_opts:
+            data = self._reload_with_unavailable_videos(display_id, data, ytcfg) or data
+        self._extract_and_report_alerts(data, only_once=True)
+
+        tabs, entries = self._extract_tab_renderers(data), []
+        if tabs:
+            entries = [self._extract_from_tabs(item_id, ytcfg, data, tabs)]
+            entries[0].update({
+                'extractor_key': YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(),
+                'extractor': YoutubeTabIE.IE_NAME,
+                'webpage_url': url,
+            })
+        if self.get_param('playlist_items') == '0':
+            entries.extend(self.url_result(u, YoutubeTabIE) for u in extra_tabs)
+        else:  # Users expect to get all `video_id`s even with `--flat-playlist`. So don't return `url_result`
+            entries.extend(map(self._real_extract, extra_tabs))
+
+        if len(entries) == 1:
+            return entries[0]
+        elif entries:
+            metadata = self._extract_metadata_from_tabs(item_id, data)
+            uploads_url = 'the Uploads (UU) playlist URL'
+            if try_get(metadata, lambda x: x['channel_id'].startswith('UC')):
+                uploads_url = f'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UU{metadata["channel_id"][2:]}'
+            self.to_screen(
+                'Downloading as multiple playlists, separated by tabs. '
+                f'To download as a single playlist instead, pass {uploads_url}')
+            return self.playlist_result(entries, item_id, **metadata)
+
+        # Inline playlist
+        playlist = traverse_obj(
+            data, ('contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'playlist', 'playlist'), expected_type=dict)
+        if playlist:
+            return self._extract_from_playlist(item_id, url, data, playlist, ytcfg)
+
+        video_id = traverse_obj(
+            data, ('currentVideoEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'), expected_type=str) or video_id
+        if video_id:
+            if tab != '/live':  # live tab is expected to redirect to video
+                self.report_warning(f'Unable to recognize playlist. Downloading just video {video_id}')
+            return self.url_result(f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}', YoutubeIE, video_id)
+
+        raise ExtractorError('Unable to recognize tab page')
+
+
+# xxx: This is tightly coupled to YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor. Should be decoupled at some point
+class YoutubePlaylistIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube playlists'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)(?:
+                        (?:https?://)?
+                        (?:\w+\.)?
+                        (?:
+                            (?:
+                                youtube(?:kids)?\.com|
+                                {invidious}
+                            )
+                            /.*?\?.*?\blist=
+                        )?
+                        (?P<id>{playlist_id})
+                     )'''.format(
+        playlist_id=YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE,
+        invidious='|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
+    )
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:playlist'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'note': 'issue #673',
+        'url': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': '[OLD]Team Fortress 2 (Class-based LP)',
+            'id': 'PLBB231211A4F62143',
+            'uploader': 'Wickman',
+            'uploader_id': '@WickmanVT',
+            'description': 'md5:8fa6f52abb47a9552002fa3ddfc57fc2',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WickmanVT',
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'channel_id': 'UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
+            'channel': 'Wickman',
+            'tags': [],
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKSpbfbl5kRQpTdL7kMc-1Q',
+            'availability': 'public',
+        },
+        'playlist_mincount': 29,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'YDL_safe_search',
+            'id': 'PLtPgu7CB4gbY9oDN3drwC3cMbJggS7dKl',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+        'skip': 'This playlist is private',
+    }, {
+        'note': 'embedded',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/videoseries?list=PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
+        'playlist_count': 4,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': 'JODA15',
+            'id': 'PL6IaIsEjSbf96XFRuNccS_RuEXwNdsoEu',
+            'uploader': 'milan',
+            'uploader_id': '@milan5503',
+            'description': '',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
+            'tags': [],
+            'modified_date': '20140919',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel': 'milan',
+            'channel_id': 'UCEI1-PVPcYXjB73Hfelbmaw',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@milan5503',
+            'availability': 'public',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos? (is|are|will be) hidden', 'Retrying', 'Giving up'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.youtube.com/embed/_xDOZElKyNU?list=PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
+        'playlist_mincount': 455,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'title': '2018 Chinese New Singles (11/6 updated)',
+            'id': 'PLsyOSbh5bs16vubvKePAQ1x3PhKavfBIl',
+            'uploader': 'LBK',
+            'uploader_id': '@music_king',
+            'description': 'md5:da521864744d60a198e3a88af4db0d9d',
+            'channel': 'LBK',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
+            'tags': [],
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@music_king',
+            'channel_id': 'UC21nz3_MesPLqtDqwdvnoxA',
+            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
+            'availability': 'public',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'TLGGrESM50VT6acwMjAyMjAxNw',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        # music album playlist
+        'url': 'OLAK5uy_m4xAFdmMC5rX3Ji3g93pQe3hqLZw_9LhM',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        if YoutubeTabIE.suitable(url):
+            return False
+        from yt_dlp.utils import parse_qs
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        if qs.get('v', [None])[0]:
+            return False
+        return super().suitable(url)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        is_music_url = YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor.is_music_url(url)
+        url = update_url_query(
+            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist',
+            parse_qs(url) or {'list': playlist_id})
+        if is_music_url:
+            url = smuggle_url(url, {'is_music_url': True})
+        return self.url_result(url, ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..074a2a0d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4087 @@
+import base64
+import binascii
+import collections
+import datetime as dt
+import functools
+import itertools
+import json
+import math
+import os.path
+import random
+import re
+import sys
+import threading
+import time
+import traceback
+import urllib.parse
+
+from ._base import (
+    INNERTUBE_CLIENTS,
+    BadgeType,
+    YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor,
+    _PoTokenContext,
+    _split_innertube_client,
+    short_client_name,
+)
+from ..openload import PhantomJSwrapper
+from ...jsinterp import JSInterpreter
+from ...networking.exceptions import HTTPError
+from ...utils import (
+    NO_DEFAULT,
+    ExtractorError,
+    LazyList,
+    bug_reports_message,
+    clean_html,
+    datetime_from_str,
+    filesize_from_tbr,
+    filter_dict,
+    float_or_none,
+    format_field,
+    get_first,
+    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
+    js_to_json,
+    mimetype2ext,
+    orderedSet,
+    parse_codecs,
+    parse_count,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_qs,
+    qualities,
+    remove_end,
+    remove_start,
+    smuggle_url,
+    str_or_none,
+    str_to_int,
+    strftime_or_none,
+    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
+    try_get,
+    unescapeHTML,
+    unified_strdate,
+    unsmuggle_url,
+    update_url_query,
+    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
+    variadic,
+)
+
+STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME = '__yt_dlp_client'
+STREAMING_DATA_INITIAL_PO_TOKEN = '__yt_dlp_po_token'
+PO_TOKEN_GUIDE_URL = 'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/PO-Token-Guide'
+
+
+class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube'
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)^
+                     (
+                         (?:https?://|//)                                    # http(s):// or protocol-independent URL
+                         (?:(?:(?:(?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie|kids)?\.com|
+                            (?:www\.)?deturl\.com/www\.youtube\.com|
+                            (?:www\.)?pwnyoutube\.com|
+                            (?:www\.)?hooktube\.com|
+                            (?:www\.)?yourepeat\.com|
+                            tube\.majestyc\.net|
+                            {invidious}|
+                            youtube\.googleapis\.com)/                        # the various hostnames, with wildcard subdomains
+                         (?:.*?\#/)?                                          # handle anchor (#/) redirect urls
+                         (?:                                                  # the various things that can precede the ID:
+                             (?:(?:v|embed|e|shorts|live)/(?!videoseries|live_stream))  # v/ or embed/ or e/ or shorts/
+                             |(?:                                             # or the v= param in all its forms
+                                 (?:(?:watch|movie)(?:_popup)?(?:\.php)?/?)?  # preceding watch(_popup|.php) or nothing (like /?v=xxxx)
+                                 (?:\?|\#!?)                                  # the params delimiter ? or # or #!
+                                 (?:.*?[&;])??                                # any other preceding param (like /?s=tuff&v=xxxx or ?s=tuff&amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY)
+                                 v=
+                             )
+                         ))
+                         |(?:
+                            youtu\.be|                                        # just youtu.be/xxxx
+                            vid\.plus|                                        # or vid.plus/xxxx
+                            zwearz\.com/watch|                                # or zwearz.com/watch/xxxx
+                            {invidious}
+                         )/
+                         |(?:www\.)?cleanvideosearch\.com/media/action/yt/watch\?videoId=
+                         )
+                     )?                                                       # all until now is optional -> you can pass the naked ID
+                     (?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{{11}})                              # here is it! the YouTube video ID
+                     (?(1).+)?                                                # if we found the ID, everything can follow
+                     (?:\#|$)'''.format(
+        invidious='|'.join(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._INVIDIOUS_SITES),
+    )
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [
+        r'''(?x)
+            (?:
+                <(?:[0-9A-Za-z-]+?)?iframe[^>]+?src=|
+                data-video-url=|
+                <embed[^>]+?src=|
+                embedSWF\(?:\s*|
+                <object[^>]+data=|
+                new\s+SWFObject\(
+            )
+            (["\'])
+                (?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?youtube(?:-nocookie)?\.com/
+                (?:embed|v|p)/[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11}.*?)
+            \1''',
+        # https://wordpress.org/plugins/lazy-load-for-videos/
+        r'''(?xs)
+            <a\s[^>]*\bhref="(?P<url>https://www\.youtube\.com/watch\?v=[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})"
+            \s[^>]*\bclass="[^"]*\blazy-load-youtube''',
+    ]
+    _RETURN_TYPE = 'video'  # XXX: How to handle multifeed?
+
+    _PLAYER_INFO_RE = (
+        r'/s/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/(?:tv-)?player',
+        r'/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]{8,})/player(?:_ias\.vflset(?:/[a-zA-Z]{2,3}_[a-zA-Z]{2,3})?|-plasma-ias-(?:phone|tablet)-[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]{2}\.vflset)/base\.js$',
+        r'\b(?P<id>vfl[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)\b.*?\.js$',
+    )
+    _formats = {  # NB: Used in YoutubeWebArchiveIE and GoogleDriveIE
+        '5': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 400, 'height': 240, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
+        '6': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 450, 'height': 270, 'acodec': 'mp3', 'abr': 64, 'vcodec': 'h263'},
+        '13': {'ext': '3gp', 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
+        '17': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 176, 'height': 144, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
+        '18': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 96, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '22': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '34': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '35': {'ext': 'flv', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        # itag 36 videos are either 320x180 (BaW_jenozKc) or 320x240 (__2ABJjxzNo), abr varies as well
+        '36': {'ext': '3gp', 'width': 320, 'acodec': 'aac', 'vcodec': 'mp4v'},
+        '37': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '38': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 4096, 'height': 3072, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '43': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 640, 'height': 360, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '44': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '45': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1280, 'height': 720, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '46': {'ext': 'webm', 'width': 1920, 'height': 1080, 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '59': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '78': {'ext': 'mp4', 'width': 854, 'height': 480, 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+
+
+        # 3D videos
+        '82': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
+        '83': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
+        '84': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
+        '85': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -20},
+        '100': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
+        '101': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
+        '102': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': '3D', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'abr': 192, 'vcodec': 'vp8', 'preference': -20},
+
+        # Apple HTTP Live Streaming
+        '91': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
+        '92': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
+        '93': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
+        '94': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
+        '95': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
+        '96': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
+        '132': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
+        '151': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 72, 'format_note': 'HLS', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 24, 'vcodec': 'h264', 'preference': -10},
+
+        # DASH mp4 video
+        '133': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '134': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '135': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '136': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '137': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '138': {'ext': 'mp4', 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},  # Height can vary (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4559)
+        '160': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '212': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '264': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+        '298': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
+        '299': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264', 'fps': 60},
+        '266': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'h264'},
+
+        # Dash mp4 audio
+        '139': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 48, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
+        '140': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 128, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
+        '141': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'abr': 256, 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
+        '256': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
+        '258': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'aac', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
+        '325': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'dtse', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
+        '328': {'ext': 'm4a', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'ec-3', 'container': 'm4a_dash'},
+
+        # Dash webm
+        '167': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'width': 640, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '168': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '169': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'width': 1280, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '170': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '218': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '219': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'width': 854, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp8'},
+        '278': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'container': 'webm', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '242': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '243': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '244': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '245': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '246': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '247': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '248': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '271': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        # itag 272 videos are either 3840x2160 (e.g. RtoitU2A-3E) or 7680x4320 (sLprVF6d7Ug)
+        '272': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '302': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
+        '303': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
+        '308': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
+        '313': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9'},
+        '315': {'ext': 'webm', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'vp9', 'fps': 60},
+
+        # Dash webm audio
+        '171': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 128},
+        '172': {'ext': 'webm', 'acodec': 'vorbis', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'abr': 256},
+
+        # Dash webm audio with opus inside
+        '249': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 50},
+        '250': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 70},
+        '251': {'ext': 'webm', 'format_note': 'DASH audio', 'acodec': 'opus', 'abr': 160},
+
+        # RTMP (unnamed)
+        '_rtmp': {'protocol': 'rtmp'},
+
+        # av01 video only formats sometimes served with "unknown" codecs
+        '394': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 144, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.00M.08'},
+        '395': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 240, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.00M.08'},
+        '396': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 360, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.01M.08'},
+        '397': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 480, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.04M.08'},
+        '398': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 720, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.05M.08'},
+        '399': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1080, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.08M.08'},
+        '400': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 1440, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
+        '401': {'ext': 'mp4', 'height': 2160, 'format_note': 'DASH video', 'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.08'},
+    }
+    _SUBTITLE_FORMATS = ('json3', 'srv1', 'srv2', 'srv3', 'ttml', 'vtt')
+    _DEFAULT_CLIENTS = ('tv', 'ios', 'web')
+    _DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS = ('tv', 'web')
+
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
+
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube'
+    _TESTS = [
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&t=1s&end=9',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
+                'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
+                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
+                'upload_date': '20121002',
+                'description': 'md5:8fb536f4877b8a7455c2ec23794dbc22',
+                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
+                'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
+                'duration': 10,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BaW_jenozKc/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'start_time': 1,
+                'end_time': 9,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'uploader_id': '@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1349198244,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': '//www.YouTube.com/watch?v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
+            'note': 'Embed-only video (#1746)',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'yZIXLfi8CZQ',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20120608',
+                'title': 'Principal Sexually Assaults A Teacher - Episode 117 - 8th June 2012',
+                'description': 'md5:09b78bd971f1e3e289601dfba15ca4f7',
+                'age_limit': 18,
+            },
+            'skip': 'Private video',
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc&v=yZIXLfi8CZQ',
+            'note': 'Use the first video ID in the URL',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'BaW_jenozKc',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'youtube-dl test video "\'/\\ä↭𝕐',
+                'channel': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+                'channel_id': 'UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
+                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCLqxVugv74EIW3VWh2NOa3Q',
+                'upload_date': '20121002',
+                'description': 'md5:8fb536f4877b8a7455c2ec23794dbc22',
+                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
+                'tags': ['youtube-dl'],
+                'duration': 10,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/BaW_jenozKc/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Philipp Hagemeister',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'uploader_id': '@PhilippHagemeister',
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1349198244,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9LDPn-MO4I',
+            'note': '256k DASH audio (format 141) via DASH manifest',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'a9LDPn-MO4I',
+                'ext': 'm4a',
+                'upload_date': '20121002',
+                'description': '',
+                'title': 'UHDTV TEST 8K VIDEO.mp4',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
+                'format': '141',
+            },
+            'skip': 'format 141 not served anymore',
+        },
+        # DASH manifest with encrypted signature
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IB3lcPjvWLA',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'IB3lcPjvWLA',
+                'ext': 'm4a',
+                'title': 'Afrojack, Spree Wilson - The Spark (Official Music Video) ft. Spree Wilson',
+                'description': 'md5:8f5e2b82460520b619ccac1f509d43bf',
+                'duration': 244,
+                'upload_date': '20131011',
+                'abr': 129.495,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'UChuZAo1RKL85gev3Eal9_zg',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChuZAo1RKL85gev3Eal9_zg',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'track': 'The Spark',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/IB3lcPjvWLA/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'channel': 'Afrojack',
+                'tags': 'count:19',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'categories': ['Music'],
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'alt_title': 'The Spark',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Afrojack',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Afrojack',
+                'uploader_id': '@Afrojack',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
+                'format': '141/bestaudio[ext=m4a]',
+            },
+        },
+        # Age-gate videos. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/575#issuecomment-888837000
+        {
+            'note': 'Embed allowed age-gate video; works with web_embedded',
+            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HtVdAasjOgU',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'HtVdAasjOgU',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt - The Sword Of Destiny Trailer',
+                'description': r're:(?s).{100,}About the Game\n.*?The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt.{100,}',
+                'duration': 142,
+                'upload_date': '20140605',
+                'age_limit': 18,
+                'categories': ['Gaming'],
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/HtVdAasjOgU/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'availability': 'needs_auth',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzybXLxv08IApdjdN0mJhEg',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel': 'The Witcher',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'tags': 'count:17',
+                'channel_id': 'UCzybXLxv08IApdjdN0mJhEg',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'The Witcher',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@thewitcher',
+                'uploader_id': '@thewitcher',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1401991663,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'Age-gate video with embed allowed in public site',
+            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=HsUATh_Nc2U',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'HsUATh_Nc2U',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Godzilla 2 (Official Video)',
+                'description': 'md5:bf77e03fcae5529475e500129b05668a',
+                'upload_date': '20200408',
+                'age_limit': 18,
+                'availability': 'needs_auth',
+                'channel_id': 'UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
+                'channel': 'FlyingKitty',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYQT13AtrJC0gsM1far_zJg',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'tags': ['Flyingkitty', 'godzilla 2'],
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HsUATh_Nc2U/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'duration': 177,
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'FlyingKitty',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@FlyingKitty900',
+                'uploader_id': '@FlyingKitty900',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+            },
+            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'Age-gate video embedable only with clientScreen=EMBED',
+            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=Tq92D6wQ1mg',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'Tq92D6wQ1mg',
+                'title': '[MMD] Adios - EVERGLOW [+Motion DL]',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20191228',
+                'description': 'md5:17eccca93a786d51bc67646756894066',
+                'age_limit': 18,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'availability': 'needs_auth',
+                'channel_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/Tq92D6wQ1mg/sddefault.webp',
+                'channel': 'Projekt Melody',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'tags': ['mmd', 'dance', 'mikumikudance', 'kpop', 'vtuber'],
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+                'duration': 106,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ProjektMelody',
+                'uploader_id': '@ProjektMelody',
+                'timestamp': 1577508724,
+            },
+            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'Non-Agegated non-embeddable video',
+            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=MeJVWBSsPAY',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'MeJVWBSsPAY',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'OOMPH! - Such Mich Find Mich (Lyrics)',
+                'description': 'Fan Video. Music & Lyrics by OOMPH!.',
+                'upload_date': '20130730',
+                'track': 'Such mich find mich',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'tags': ['oomph', 'such mich find mich', 'lyrics', 'german industrial', 'musica industrial'],
+                'like_count': int,
+                'playable_in_embed': False,
+                'creator': 'OOMPH!',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/MeJVWBSsPAY/sddefault.jpg',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'alt_title': 'Such mich find mich',
+                'duration': 210,
+                'channel': 'Herr Lurik',
+                'channel_id': 'UCdR3RSDPqub28LjZx0v9-aA',
+                'categories': ['Music'],
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdR3RSDPqub28LjZx0v9-aA',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'artist': 'OOMPH!',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Herr Lurik',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@HerrLurik',
+                'uploader_id': '@HerrLurik',
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'Non-bypassable age-gated video',
+            'url': 'https://youtube.com/watch?v=Cr381pDsSsA',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        # video_info is None (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4421)
+        # YouTube Red ad is not captured for creator
+        {
+            'url': '__2ABJjxzNo',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '__2ABJjxzNo',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'duration': 266,
+                'upload_date': '20100430',
+                'creator': 'deadmau5',
+                'description': 'md5:6cbcd3a92ce1bc676fc4d6ab4ace2336',
+                'title': 'Deadmau5 - Some Chords (HD)',
+                'alt_title': 'Some Chords',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'tags': 'count:14',
+                'channel_id': 'UCYEK6xds6eo-3tr4xRdflmQ',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'channel': 'deadmau5',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/__2ABJjxzNo/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'track': 'Some Chords',
+                'artist': 'deadmau5',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYEK6xds6eo-3tr4xRdflmQ',
+                'categories': ['Music'],
+                'album': 'Some Chords',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'deadmau5',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@deadmau5',
+                'uploader_id': '@deadmau5',
+            },
+            'expected_warnings': [
+                'DASH manifest missing',
+            ],
+        },
+        # Olympics (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/4431)
+        {
+            'url': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'lqQg6PlCWgI',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'duration': 6085,
+                'upload_date': '20150827',
+                'description': 'md5:04bbbf3ccceb6795947572ca36f45904',
+                'title': 'Hockey - Women -  GER-AUS - London 2012 Olympic Games',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'release_timestamp': 1343767800,
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'categories': ['Sports'],
+                'release_date': '20120731',
+                'channel': 'Olympics',
+                'tags': ['Hockey', '2012-07-31', '31 July 2012', 'Riverbank Arena', 'Session', 'Olympics', 'Olympic Games', 'London 2012', '2012 Summer Olympics', 'Summer Games'],
+                'channel_id': 'UCTl3QQTvqHFjurroKxexy2Q',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/lqQg6PlCWgI/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'live_status': 'was_live',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTl3QQTvqHFjurroKxexy2Q',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Olympics',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Olympics',
+                'uploader_id': '@Olympics',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'timestamp': 1440707674,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
+            },
+        },
+        # Non-square pixels
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_b-2C3KPAM0',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '_b-2C3KPAM0',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'stretched_ratio': 16 / 9.,
+                'duration': 85,
+                'upload_date': '20110310',
+                'description': 'made by Wacom from Korea | 字幕&加油添醋 by TY\'s Allen | 感謝heylisa00cavey1001同學熱情提供梗及翻譯',
+                'title': '[A-made] 變態妍字幕版 太妍 我就是這樣的人',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel': '孫ᄋᄅ',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'tags': 'count:11',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCS-xxCmRaA6BFdmgDPA_BIw',
+                'channel_id': 'UCS-xxCmRaA6BFdmgDPA_BIw',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/_b-2C3KPAM0/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
+                'like_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'availability': 'unlisted',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': '孫ᄋᄅ',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AllenMeow',
+                'uploader_id': '@AllenMeow',
+                'timestamp': 1299776999,
+            },
+        },
+        # url_encoded_fmt_stream_map is empty string
+        {
+            'url': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'qEJwOuvDf7I',
+                'ext': 'webm',
+                'title': 'Обсуждение судебной практики по выборам 14 сентября 2014 года в Санкт-Петербурге',
+                'description': '',
+                'upload_date': '20150404',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': 'requires avconv',
+            },
+            'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
+        },
+        # Extraction from multiple DASH manifests (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/6097)
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIl7x6_3R5Y',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'FIl7x6_3R5Y',
+                'ext': 'webm',
+                'title': 'md5:7b81415841e02ecd4313668cde88737a',
+                'description': 'md5:116377fd2963b81ec4ce64b542173306',
+                'duration': 220,
+                'upload_date': '20150625',
+                'formats': 'mincount:31',
+            },
+            'skip': 'not actual anymore',
+        },
+        # DASH manifest with segment_list
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/CsmdDsKjzN8',
+            'md5': '8ce563a1d667b599d21064e982ab9e31',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'CsmdDsKjzN8',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'upload_date': '20150501',  # According to '<meta itemprop="datePublished"', but in other places it's 20150510
+                'description': 'Retransmisión en directo de la XVIII media maratón de Zaragoza.',
+                'title': 'Retransmisión XVIII Media maratón Zaragoza 2015',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': True,
+                'format': '135',  # bestvideo
+            },
+            'skip': 'This live event has ended.',
+        },
+        {
+            # Multifeed videos (multiple cameras), URL can be of any Camera
+            # TODO: fix multifeed titles
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zaPI8MvL8pg',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'zaPI8MvL8pg',
+                'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04',
+                'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
+            },
+            'playlist': [{
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': 'j5yGuxZ8lLU',
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04 (Chris)',
+                    'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
+                    'duration': 10120,
+                    'channel_follower_count': int,
+                    'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
+                    'availability': 'public',
+                    'playable_in_embed': True,
+                    'upload_date': '20131105',
+                    'categories': ['Gaming'],
+                    'live_status': 'was_live',
+                    'tags': 'count:24',
+                    'release_timestamp': 1383701910,
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/j5yGuxZ8lLU/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                    'comment_count': int,
+                    'age_limit': 0,
+                    'like_count': int,
+                    'channel_id': 'UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
+                    'channel': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
+                    'view_count': int,
+                    'release_date': '20131106',
+                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
+                    'uploader_id': '@WLTP',
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WLTP',
+                },
+            }, {
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': 'zaPI8MvL8pg',
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04 (Tyson)',
+                    'availability': 'public',
+                    'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
+                    'channel': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
+                    'channel_follower_count': int,
+                    'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
+                    'duration': 10108,
+                    'age_limit': 0,
+                    'like_count': int,
+                    'tags': 'count:24',
+                    'channel_id': 'UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
+                    'release_timestamp': 1383701915,
+                    'comment_count': int,
+                    'upload_date': '20131105',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zaPI8MvL8pg/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                    'release_date': '20131106',
+                    'playable_in_embed': True,
+                    'live_status': 'was_live',
+                    'categories': ['Gaming'],
+                    'view_count': int,
+                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
+                    'uploader_id': '@WLTP',
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WLTP',
+                },
+            }, {
+                'info_dict': {
+                    'id': 'R7r3vfO7Hao',
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'title': 'Terraria 1.2 Live Stream | Let\'s Play - Part 04 (Spencer)',
+                    'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/R7r3vfO7Hao/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                    'channel_id': 'UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
+                    'like_count': int,
+                    'availability': 'public',
+                    'playable_in_embed': True,
+                    'upload_date': '20131105',
+                    'description': 'md5:563ccbc698b39298481ca3c571169519',
+                    'channel_follower_count': int,
+                    'tags': 'count:24',
+                    'release_date': '20131106',
+                    'comment_count': int,
+                    'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCN2XePorRokPB9TEgRZpddg',
+                    'channel': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
+                    'categories': ['Gaming'],
+                    'release_timestamp': 1383701914,
+                    'live_status': 'was_live',
+                    'age_limit': 0,
+                    'duration': 10128,
+                    'view_count': int,
+                    'uploader': 'WiiLikeToPlay',
+                    'uploader_id': '@WLTP',
+                    'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@WLTP',
+                },
+            }],
+            'params': {'skip_download': True},
+            'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
+        },
+        {
+            # Multifeed video with comma in title (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfLd0zydlo',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'gVfLd0zydlo',
+                'title': 'DevConf.cz 2016 Day 2 Workshops 1 14:00 - 15:30',
+            },
+            'playlist_count': 2,
+            'skip': 'Not multifeed anymore',
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://vid.plus/FlRa-iH7PGw',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://zwearz.com/watch/9lWxNJF-ufM/electra-woman-dyna-girl-official-trailer-grace-helbig.html',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # Title with JS-like syntax "};" (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
+            # Also tests cut-off URL expansion in video description (see
+            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/1892,
+            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8164)
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lsguqyKfVQg',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'lsguqyKfVQg',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '{dark walk}; Loki/AC/Dishonored; collab w/Elflover21',
+                'alt_title': 'Dark Walk',
+                'description': 'md5:8085699c11dc3f597ce0410b0dcbb34a',
+                'duration': 133,
+                'upload_date': '20151119',
+                'creator': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
+                'track': 'Dark Walk',
+                'artist': 'Todd Haberman;\nDaniel Law Heath and Aaron Kaplan',
+                'album': 'Position Music - Production Music Vol. 143 - Dark Walk',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/lsguqyKfVQg/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'categories': ['Film & Animation'],
+                'view_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTSRgz5jylBvFt_S7wnsqLQ',
+                'channel_id': 'UCTSRgz5jylBvFt_S7wnsqLQ',
+                'tags': 'count:13',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'channel': 'IronSoulElf',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            # Tags with '};' (see https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/7468)
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ms7iBXnlUO8',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # Video with yt:stretch=17:0
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q39EVAstoRM',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'Q39EVAstoRM',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Clash Of Clans#14 Dicas De Ataque Para CV 4',
+                'description': 'md5:ee18a25c350637c8faff806845bddee9',
+                'upload_date': '20151107',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+            'skip': 'This video does not exist.',
+        },
+        {
+            # Video with incomplete 'yt:stretch=16:'
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRhJzUSJbGI',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # Video licensed under Creative Commons
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M4gD1WSo5mA',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'M4gD1WSo5mA',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'md5:e41008789470fc2533a3252216f1c1d1',
+                'description': 'md5:a677553cf0840649b731a3024aeff4cc',
+                'duration': 721,
+                'upload_date': '20150128',
+                'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
+                'channel_id': 'UCuLGmD72gJDBwmLw06X58SA',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuLGmD72gJDBwmLw06X58SA',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'tags': ['Copyright (Legal Subject)', 'Law (Industry)', 'William W. Fisher (Author)'],
+                'channel': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'categories': ['Education'],
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/M4gD1WSo5mA/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'The Berkman Klein Center for Internet & Society',
+                'uploader_id': '@BKCHarvard',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BKCHarvard',
+                'timestamp': 1422422076,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQcmzGIKrzg',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'eQcmzGIKrzg',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Democratic Socialism and Foreign Policy | Bernie Sanders',
+                'description': 'md5:13a2503d7b5904ef4b223aa101628f39',
+                'duration': 4060,
+                'upload_date': '20151120',
+                'license': 'Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'tags': 'count:12',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'categories': ['News & Politics'],
+                'channel': 'Bernie Sanders',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/eQcmzGIKrzg/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH1dpzjCEiGAt8CXkryhkZg',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'Bernie Sanders',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@BernieSanders',
+                'uploader_id': '@BernieSanders',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1447987198,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&amp;amp;v=V36LpHqtcDY',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # YouTube Red paid video (https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/10059)
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i1Ko8UG-Tdo',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # Rental video preview
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yYr8q0y5Jfg',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'uGpuVWrhIzE',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Piku - Trailer',
+                'description': 'md5:c36bd60c3fd6f1954086c083c72092eb',
+                'upload_date': '20150811',
+                'license': 'Standard YouTube License',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+            'skip': 'This video is not available.',
+        },
+        {
+            # YouTube Red video with episode data
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqKdEhx-dD4',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'iqKdEhx-dD4',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Isolation - Mind Field (Ep 1)',
+                'description': 'md5:f540112edec5d09fc8cc752d3d4ba3cd',
+                'duration': 2085,
+                'upload_date': '20170118',
+                'series': 'Mind Field',
+                'season_number': 1,
+                'episode_number': 1,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/iqKdEhx-dD4/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'tags': 'count:12',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'channel': 'Vsauce',
+                'episode': 'Episode 1',
+                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+                'season': 'Season 1',
+                'channel_id': 'UC6nSFpj9HTCZ5t-N3Rm3-HA',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6nSFpj9HTCZ5t-N3Rm3-HA',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Vsauce',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Vsauce',
+                'uploader_id': '@Vsauce',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'timestamp': 1484761047,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+            'expected_warnings': [
+                'Skipping DASH manifest',
+            ],
+        },
+        {
+            # The following content has been identified by the YouTube community
+            # as inappropriate or offensive to some audiences.
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6SJNVb0GnPI',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '6SJNVb0GnPI',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Race Differences in Intelligence',
+                'description': 'md5:5d161533167390427a1f8ee89a1fc6f1',
+                'duration': 965,
+                'upload_date': '20140124',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+            'skip': 'This video has been removed for violating YouTube\'s policy on hate speech.',
+        },
+        {
+            # itag 212
+            'url': '1t24XAntNCY',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # geo restricted to JP
+            'url': 'sJL6WA-aGkQ',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://invidio.us/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://redirect.invidious.io/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # from https://nitter.pussthecat.org/YouTube/status/1360363141947944964#m
+            'url': 'https://redirect.invidious.io/Yh0AhrY9GjA',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # DRM protected
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7_qI6_mIXc',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # Video with unsupported adaptive stream type formats
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z4Vy8R84T1U',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'Z4Vy8R84T1U',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'saman SMAN 53 Jakarta(Sancety) opening COFFEE4th at SMAN 53 Jakarta',
+                'description': 'md5:d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e',
+                'duration': 433,
+                'upload_date': '20130923',
+                'formats': 'maxcount:10',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+                'youtube_include_dash_manifest': False,
+            },
+            'skip': 'not actual anymore',
+        },
+        {
+            # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
+            # TODO: fix metadata extraction
+            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'MgNrAu2pzNs',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Voyeur Girl',
+                'description': 'md5:7ae382a65843d6df2685993e90a8628f',
+                'upload_date': '20190312',
+                'artists': ['Stephen'],
+                'creators': ['Stephen'],
+                'track': 'Voyeur Girl',
+                'album': 'it\'s too much love to know my dear',
+                'release_date': '20190313',
+                'alt_title': 'Voyeur Girl',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'categories': ['Music'],
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
+                'channel': 'Stephen',  # TODO: should be "Stephen - Topic"
+                'uploader': 'Stephen',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'duration': 169,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/MgNrAu2pzNs/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'channel_id': 'UC-pWHpBjdGG69N9mM2auIAA',
+                'tags': 'count:11',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtubekids.com/watch?v=3b8nCWDgZ6Q',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # invalid -> valid video id redirection
+            'url': 'DJztXj2GPfl',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'DJztXj2GPfk',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Panjabi MC - Mundian To Bach Ke (The Dictator Soundtrack)',
+                'description': 'md5:bf577a41da97918e94fa9798d9228825',
+                'upload_date': '20090125',
+                'artist': 'Panjabi MC',
+                'track': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian to Bach Ke) - Motivo Hi-Lectro Remix',
+                'album': 'Beware of the Boys (Mundian To Bach Ke)',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+            'skip': 'Video unavailable',
+        },
+        {
+            # empty description results in an empty string
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x41yOUIvK2k',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'x41yOUIvK2k',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'IMG 3456',
+                'description': '',
+                'upload_date': '20170613',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/x41yOUIvK2k/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'UCo03ZQPBW5U4UC3regpt1nw',
+                'tags': [],
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCo03ZQPBW5U4UC3regpt1nw',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'categories': ['Pets & Animals'],
+                'duration': 7,
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'channel': 'l\'Or Vert asbl',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'l\'Or Vert asbl',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ElevageOrVert',
+                'uploader_id': '@ElevageOrVert',
+                'timestamp': 1497343210,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            # with '};' inside yt initial data (see [1])
+            # see [2] for an example with '};' inside ytInitialPlayerResponse
+            # 1. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/27093
+            # 2. https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/27216
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CHqg6qOn4no',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'CHqg6qOn4no',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Part 77   Sort a list of simple types in c#',
+                'description': 'md5:b8746fa52e10cdbf47997903f13b20dc',
+                'upload_date': '20130831',
+                'channel_id': 'UCCTVrRB5KpIiK6V2GGVsR1Q',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCTVrRB5KpIiK6V2GGVsR1Q',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'categories': ['Education'],
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/CHqg6qOn4no/sddefault.jpg',
+                'tags': 'count:12',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'duration': 522,
+                'channel': 'kudvenkat',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'kudvenkat',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Csharp-video-tutorialsBlogspot',
+                'uploader_id': '@Csharp-video-tutorialsBlogspot',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1377976349,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            # another example of '};' in ytInitialData
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVfgbahppCY',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=63RmMXCd_bQ',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/pull/28094
+            'url': 'OtqTfy26tG0',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'OtqTfy26tG0',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Burn Out',
+                'description': 'md5:8d07b84dcbcbfb34bc12a56d968b6131',
+                'upload_date': '20141120',
+                'artist': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
+                'track': 'Burn Out',
+                'album': 'Every Day',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'alt_title': 'Burn Out',
+                'duration': 614,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
+                'creator': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
+                'channel': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
+                'tags': ['The Cinematic Orchestra', 'Every Day', 'Burn Out'],
+                'channel_id': 'UCIzsJBIyo8hhpFm1NK0uLgw',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OtqTfy26tG0/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'categories': ['Music'],
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'The Cinematic Orchestra',
+                'comment_count': int,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            # controversial video, only works with bpctr when authenticated with cookies
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nGC3D_FkCmg',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        },
+        {
+            # controversial video, requires bpctr/contentCheckOk
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SZJvDhaSDnc',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'SZJvDhaSDnc',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'San Diego teen commits suicide after bullying over embarrassing video',
+                'channel_id': 'UC-SJ6nODDmufqBzPBwCvYvQ',
+                'upload_date': '20140716',
+                'description': 'md5:acde3a73d3f133fc97e837a9f76b53b7',
+                'duration': 170,
+                'categories': ['News & Politics'],
+                'view_count': int,
+                'channel': 'CBS Mornings',
+                'tags': ['suicide', 'bullying', 'video', 'cbs', 'news'],
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/SZJvDhaSDnc/hqdefault.jpg',
+                'age_limit': 18,
+                'availability': 'needs_auth',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-SJ6nODDmufqBzPBwCvYvQ',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'CBS Mornings',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@CBSMornings',
+                'uploader_id': '@CBSMornings',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'timestamp': 1405513526,
+            },
+            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
+        },
+        {
+            # restricted location, https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28685
+            'url': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'cBvYw8_A0vQ',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '4K Ueno Okachimachi  Street  Scenes  上野御徒町歩き',
+                'description': 'md5:ea770e474b7cd6722b4c95b833c03630',
+                'upload_date': '20201120',
+                'duration': 1456,
+                'categories': ['Travel & Events'],
+                'channel_id': 'UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'channel': 'Walk around Japan',
+                'tags': ['Ueno Tokyo', 'Okachimachi Tokyo', 'Ameyoko Street', 'Tokyo attraction', 'Travel in Tokyo'],
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/cBvYw8_A0vQ/hqdefault.jpg',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3o_t8PzBmXf5S9b7GLx1Mw',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Walk around Japan',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@walkaroundjapan7124',
+                'uploader_id': '@walkaroundjapan7124',
+                'timestamp': 1605884416,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        }, {
+            # Has multiple audio streams
+            'url': 'WaOKSUlf4TM',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        }, {
+            # Requires Premium: has format 141 when requested using YTM url
+            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=XclachpHxis',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        }, {
+            # multiple subtitles with same lang_code
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsQiKKfKxug',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        }, {
+            # Force use android client fallback
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOelRv7fMxY',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'YOelRv7fMxY',
+                'title': 'DIGGING A SECRET TUNNEL Part 1',
+                'ext': '3gp',
+                'upload_date': '20210624',
+                'channel_id': 'UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
+                'channel_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/channel/UCp68_FLety0O-n9QU6phsgw',
+                'description': 'md5:5d5991195d599b56cd0c4148907eec50',
+                'duration': 596,
+                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+                'view_count': int,
+                'channel': 'colinfurze',
+                'tags': ['Colin', 'furze', 'Terry', 'tunnel', 'underground', 'bunker'],
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YOelRv7fMxY/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'colinfurze',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@colinfurze',
+                'uploader_id': '@colinfurze',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'format': '17',  # 3gp format available on android
+                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['android']}},
+            },
+            'skip': 'android client broken',
+        },
+        {
+            # Skip download of additional client configs (remix client config in this case)
+            'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/watch?v=MgNrAu2pzNs',
+            'only_matching': True,
+            'params': {
+                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_skip': ['configs']}},
+            },
+        }, {
+            # shorts
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/BGQWPY4IigY',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        }, {
+            'note': 'Storyboards',
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5KLPxDtMqe8',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '5KLPxDtMqe8',
+                'ext': 'mhtml',
+                'format_id': 'sb0',
+                'title': 'Your Brain is Plastic',
+                'description': 'md5:89cd86034bdb5466cd87c6ba206cd2bc',
+                'upload_date': '20140324',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCZYTClx2T1of7BRZ86-8fow',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5KLPxDtMqe8/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'tags': 'count:12',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'channel': 'SciShow',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'duration': 248,
+                'categories': ['Education'],
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'chapters': list,
+                'uploader': 'SciShow',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@SciShow',
+                'uploader_id': '@SciShow',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1395685455,
+            }, 'params': {'format': 'mhtml', 'skip_download': True},
+        }, {
+            # Ensure video upload_date is in UTC timezone (video was uploaded 1641170939)
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2NUZ8W2llS4',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '2NUZ8W2llS4',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'The NP that test your phone performance 🙂',
+                'description': 'md5:144494b24d4f9dfacb97c1bbef5de84d',
+                'channel_id': 'UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRqNBSOHgilHfAczlUmlWHA',
+                'duration': 21,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'categories': ['Gaming'],
+                'tags': 'count:23',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'upload_date': '20220103',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'channel': 'Leon Nguyen',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/2NUZ8W2llS4/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Leon Nguyen',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@LeonNguyen',
+                'uploader_id': '@LeonNguyen',
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1641170939,
+            },
+        }, {
+            # date text is premiered video, ensure upload date in UTC (published 1641172509)
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mzZzzBU6lrM',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'mzZzzBU6lrM',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'I Met GeorgeNotFound In Real Life...',
+                'description': 'md5:978296ec9783a031738b684d4ebf302d',
+                'channel_id': 'UC_8NknAFiyhOUaZqHR3lq3Q',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_8NknAFiyhOUaZqHR3lq3Q',
+                'duration': 955,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+                'tags': 'count:26',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'release_timestamp': 1641172509,
+                'release_date': '20220103',
+                'upload_date': '20220103',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'channel': 'Quackity',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/mzZzzBU6lrM/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Quackity',
+                'uploader_id': '@Quackity',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Quackity',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1641172509,
+            },
+        },
+        {   # continuous livestream.
+            # Upload date was 2022-07-12T05:12:29-07:00, while stream start is 2022-07-12T15:59:30+00:00
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfKfPfyJRdk',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'jfKfPfyJRdk',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'channel_id': 'UCSJ4gkVC6NrvII8umztf0Ow',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Lofi Girl',
+                'categories': ['Music'],
+                'concurrent_view_count': int,
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'timestamp': 1657627949,
+                'release_date': '20220712',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCSJ4gkVC6NrvII8umztf0Ow',
+                'description': 'md5:452d5c82f72bb7e62a4e0297c3f01c23',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jfKfPfyJRdk/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'release_timestamp': 1657641570,
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@LofiGirl',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'title': r're:^lofi hip hop radio 📚 beats to relax/study to',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'is_live',
+                'media_type': 'livestream',
+                'tags': 'count:32',
+                'channel': 'Lofi Girl',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'upload_date': '20220712',
+                'uploader_id': '@LofiGirl',
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': True},
+        }, {
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tjjjtzRLHvA',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'tjjjtzRLHvA',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'ハッシュタグ無し };if window.ytcsi',
+                'upload_date': '20220323',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'availability': 'unlisted',
+                'channel': 'Lesmiscore',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'categories': ['Music'],
+                'view_count': int,
+                'description': '',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCdqltm_7iv1Vs6kp6Syke5A',
+                'channel_id': 'UCdqltm_7iv1Vs6kp6Syke5A',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'duration': 6,
+                'tags': [],
+                'uploader_id': '@lesmiscore',
+                'uploader': 'Lesmiscore',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lesmiscore',
+                'timestamp': 1648005313,
+            },
+        }, {
+            # Prefer primary title+description language metadata by default
+            # Do not prefer translated description if primary is empty
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=el3E4MbxRqQ',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'el3E4MbxRqQ',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'dlp test video 2 - primary sv no desc',
+                'description': '',
+                'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+                'tags': [],
+                'view_count': int,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'availability': 'unlisted',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'duration': 5,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'upload_date': '20220908',
+                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
+                'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+                'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+                'timestamp': 1662677394,
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': True},
+        }, {
+            # Extractor argument: prefer translated title+description
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gHKT4uU8Zng',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'gHKT4uU8Zng',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+                'tags': [],
+                'duration': 5,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+                'upload_date': '20220729',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+                'title': 'dlp test video title translated (fr)',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'description': 'dlp test video description translated (fr)',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+                'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+                'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+                'timestamp': 1659073275,
+                'like_count': int,
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': True, 'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'lang': ['fr']}}},
+            'expected_warnings': [r'Preferring "fr" translated fields'],
+        }, {
+            'note': '6 channel audio',
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zgdo7-RRjgo',
+            'only_matching': True,
+        }, {
+            'note': 'Multiple HLS formats with same itag',
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kX3nB4PpJko',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'kX3nB4PpJko',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+                'description': 'md5:e8031ff6e426cdb6a77670c9b81f6fa6',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'duration': 937,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/kX3nB4PpJko/maxresdefault.webp',
+                'title': 'Last To Take Hand Off Jet, Keeps It!',
+                'channel': 'MrBeast',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'upload_date': '20221112',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCX6OQ3DkcsbYNE6H8uQQuVA',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'channel_id': 'UCX6OQ3DkcsbYNE6H8uQQuVA',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'tags': [],
+                'uploader': 'MrBeast',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@MrBeast',
+                'uploader_id': '@MrBeast',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            },
+            'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['ios']}}, 'format': '233-1'},
+        }, {
+            'note': 'Audio formats with Dynamic Range Compression',
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tq92D6wQ1mg',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'Tq92D6wQ1mg',
+                'ext': 'webm',
+                'title': '[MMD] Adios - EVERGLOW [+Motion DL]',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
+                'channel_id': 'UC1yoRdFoFJaCY-AGfD9W0wQ',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'description': 'md5:17eccca93a786d51bc67646756894066',
+                'upload_date': '20191228',
+                'tags': ['mmd', 'dance', 'mikumikudance', 'kpop', 'vtuber'],
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Tq92D6wQ1mg/sddefault.jpg',
+                'age_limit': 18,
+                'channel': 'Projekt Melody',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'availability': 'needs_auth',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'duration': 106,
+                'uploader': 'Projekt Melody',
+                'uploader_id': '@ProjektMelody',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ProjektMelody',
+                'timestamp': 1577508724,
+            },
+            'params': {'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['tv_embedded']}}, 'format': '251-drc'},
+            'skip': 'Age-restricted; requires authentication',
+        },
+        {
+            'note': 'Support /live/ URL + media type for post-live content',
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/live/qVv6vCqciTM',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'qVv6vCqciTM',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'chapters': 'count:13',
+                'upload_date': '20221223',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qVv6vCqciTM/maxresdefault.jpg',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'release_date': '20221223',
+                'tags': ['Vtuber', '月ノ美兎', '名取さな', 'にじさんじ', 'クリスマス', '3D配信'],
+                'title': '【 #インターネット女クリスマス 】3Dで歌ってはしゃぐインターネットの女たち【月ノ美兎/名取さな】',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'duration': 4438,
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'channel_id': 'UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
+                'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+                'live_status': 'was_live',
+                'media_type': 'livestream',
+                'release_timestamp': 1671793345,
+                'channel': 'さなちゃんねる',
+                'description': 'md5:6aebf95cc4a1d731aebc01ad6cc9806d',
+                'uploader': 'さなちゃんねる',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sana_natori',
+                'uploader_id': '@sana_natori',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1671798112,
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            # Fallbacks when webpage and web client is unavailable
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wSSmNUl9Snw',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'wSSmNUl9Snw',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                # 'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
+                'view_count': int,
+                'chapters': 'count:2',
+                'channel': 'Scott Manley',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                # 'availability': 'public',
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'upload_date': '20170831',
+                'duration': 682,
+                'tags': 'count:8',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@scottmanley',
+                'description': 'md5:f4bed7b200404b72a394c2f97b782c02',
+                'uploader': 'Scott Manley',
+                'uploader_id': '@scottmanley',
+                'title': 'The Computer Hack That Saved Apollo 14',
+                'channel_id': 'UCxzC4EngIsMrPmbm6Nxvb-A',
+                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.webp',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCxzC4EngIsMrPmbm6Nxvb-A',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'extractor_args': {'youtube': {'player_client': ['ios'], 'player_skip': ['webpage']}},
+            },
+        },
+        {
+            # uploader_id has non-ASCII characters that are percent-encoded in YT's JSON
+            'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/shorts/18NGQq7p3LY',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '18NGQq7p3LY',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': '아이브 이서 장원영 리즈 삐끼삐끼 챌린지',
+                'description': '',
+                'uploader': 'ㅇㅇ',
+                'uploader_id': '@으아-v1k',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@으아-v1k',
+                'channel': 'ㅇㅇ',
+                'channel_id': 'UCC25oTm2J7ZVoi5TngOHg9g',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCC25oTm2J7ZVoi5TngOHg9g',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpg',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'duration': 3,
+                'timestamp': 1724306170,
+                'upload_date': '20240822',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'view_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'categories': ['People & Blogs'],
+                'tags': [],
+            },
+        },
+    ]
+
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [
+        # YouTube <object> embed
+        {
+            'url': 'http://www.improbable.com/2017/04/03/untrained-modern-youths-and-ancient-masters-in-selfie-portraits/',
+            'md5': '873c81d308b979f0e23ee7e620b312a3',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': 'msN87y-iEx0',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Feynman: Mirrors FUN TO IMAGINE 6',
+                'upload_date': '20080526',
+                'description': 'md5:873c81d308b979f0e23ee7e620b312a3',
+                'age_limit': 0,
+                'tags': ['feynman', 'mirror', 'science', 'physics', 'imagination', 'fun', 'cool', 'puzzle'],
+                'channel_id': 'UCCeo--lls1vna5YJABWAcVA',
+                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/msN87y-iEx0/hqdefault.jpg',
+                'like_count': int,
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'channel': 'Christopher Sykes',
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCeo--lls1vna5YJABWAcVA',
+                'availability': 'public',
+                'duration': 195,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'categories': ['Science & Technology'],
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+                'uploader': 'Christopher Sykes',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ChristopherSykesDocumentaries',
+                'uploader_id': '@ChristopherSykesDocumentaries',
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1211825920,
+            },
+            'params': {
+                'skip_download': True,
+            },
+        },
+    ]
+
+    _PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP = {
+        'main': 'player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'tce': 'player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'tv': 'tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        'tv_es6': 'tv-player-es6.vflset/tv-player-es6.js',
+        'phone': 'player-plasma-ias-phone-en_US.vflset/base.js',
+        'tablet': 'player-plasma-ias-tablet-en_US.vflset/base.js',
+    }
+    _INVERSE_PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP = {v: k for k, v in _PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP.items()}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def suitable(cls, url):
+        from yt_dlp.utils import parse_qs
+
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        if qs.get('list', [None])[0]:
+            return False
+        return super().suitable(url)
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self._code_cache = {}
+        self._player_cache = {}
+
+    def _prepare_live_from_start_formats(self, formats, video_id, live_start_time, url, webpage_url, smuggled_data, is_live):
+        lock = threading.Lock()
+        start_time = time.time()
+        formats = [f for f in formats if f.get('is_from_start')]
+
+        def refetch_manifest(format_id, delay):
+            nonlocal formats, start_time, is_live
+            if time.time() <= start_time + delay:
+                return
+
+            _, _, prs, player_url = self._download_player_responses(url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url)
+            video_details = traverse_obj(prs, (..., 'videoDetails'), expected_type=dict)
+            microformats = traverse_obj(
+                prs, (..., 'microformat', 'playerMicroformatRenderer'),
+                expected_type=dict)
+            _, live_status, _, formats, _ = self._list_formats(video_id, microformats, video_details, prs, player_url)
+            is_live = live_status == 'is_live'
+            start_time = time.time()
+
+        def mpd_feed(format_id, delay):
+            """
+            @returns (manifest_url, manifest_stream_number, is_live) or None
+            """
+            for retry in self.RetryManager(fatal=False):
+                with lock:
+                    refetch_manifest(format_id, delay)
+
+                f = next((f for f in formats if f['format_id'] == format_id), None)
+                if not f:
+                    if not is_live:
+                        retry.error = f'{video_id}: Video is no longer live'
+                    else:
+                        retry.error = f'Cannot find refreshed manifest for format {format_id}{bug_reports_message()}'
+                    continue
+                return f['manifest_url'], f['manifest_stream_number'], is_live
+            return None
+
+        for f in formats:
+            f['is_live'] = is_live
+            gen = functools.partial(self._live_dash_fragments, video_id, f['format_id'],
+                                    live_start_time, mpd_feed, not is_live and f.copy())
+            if is_live:
+                f['fragments'] = gen
+                f['protocol'] = 'http_dash_segments_generator'
+            else:
+                f['fragments'] = LazyList(gen({}))
+                del f['is_from_start']
+
+    def _live_dash_fragments(self, video_id, format_id, live_start_time, mpd_feed, manifestless_orig_fmt, ctx):
+        FETCH_SPAN, MAX_DURATION = 5, 432000
+
+        mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = None, None, True
+
+        begin_index = 0
+        download_start_time = ctx.get('start') or time.time()
+
+        lack_early_segments = download_start_time - (live_start_time or download_start_time) > MAX_DURATION
+        if lack_early_segments:
+            self.report_warning(bug_reports_message(
+                'Starting download from the last 120 hours of the live stream since '
+                'YouTube does not have data before that. If you think this is wrong,'), only_once=True)
+            lack_early_segments = True
+
+        known_idx, no_fragment_score, last_segment_url = begin_index, 0, None
+        fragments, fragment_base_url = None, None
+
+        def _extract_sequence_from_mpd(refresh_sequence, immediate):
+            nonlocal mpd_url, stream_number, is_live, no_fragment_score, fragments, fragment_base_url
+            # Obtain from MPD's maximum seq value
+            old_mpd_url = mpd_url
+            last_error = ctx.pop('last_error', None)
+            expire_fast = immediate or (last_error and isinstance(last_error, HTTPError) and last_error.status == 403)
+            mpd_url, stream_number, is_live = (mpd_feed(format_id, 5 if expire_fast else 18000)
+                                               or (mpd_url, stream_number, False))
+            if not refresh_sequence:
+                if expire_fast and not is_live:
+                    return False, last_seq
+                elif old_mpd_url == mpd_url:
+                    return True, last_seq
+            if manifestless_orig_fmt:
+                fmt_info = manifestless_orig_fmt
+            else:
+                try:
+                    fmts, _ = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        mpd_url, None, note=False, errnote=False, fatal=False)
+                except ExtractorError:
+                    fmts = None
+                if not fmts:
+                    no_fragment_score += 2
+                    return False, last_seq
+                fmt_info = next(x for x in fmts if x['manifest_stream_number'] == stream_number)
+            fragments = fmt_info['fragments']
+            fragment_base_url = fmt_info['fragment_base_url']
+            assert fragment_base_url
+
+            _last_seq = int(re.search(r'(?:/|^)sq/(\d+)', fragments[-1]['path']).group(1))
+            return True, _last_seq
+
+        self.write_debug(f'[{video_id}] Generating fragments for format {format_id}')
+        while is_live:
+            fetch_time = time.time()
+            if no_fragment_score > 30:
+                return
+            if last_segment_url:
+                # Obtain from "X-Head-Seqnum" header value from each segment
+                try:
+                    urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                        last_segment_url, None, note=False, errnote=False, fatal=False)
+                except ExtractorError:
+                    urlh = None
+                last_seq = try_get(urlh, lambda x: int_or_none(x.headers['X-Head-Seqnum']))
+                if last_seq is None:
+                    no_fragment_score += 2
+                    last_segment_url = None
+                    continue
+            else:
+                should_continue, last_seq = _extract_sequence_from_mpd(True, no_fragment_score > 15)
+                no_fragment_score += 2
+                if not should_continue:
+                    continue
+
+            if known_idx > last_seq:
+                last_segment_url = None
+                continue
+
+            last_seq += 1
+
+            if begin_index < 0 and known_idx < 0:
+                # skip from the start when it's negative value
+                known_idx = last_seq + begin_index
+            if lack_early_segments:
+                known_idx = max(known_idx, last_seq - int(MAX_DURATION // fragments[-1]['duration']))
+            try:
+                for idx in range(known_idx, last_seq):
+                    # do not update sequence here or you'll get skipped some part of it
+                    should_continue, _ = _extract_sequence_from_mpd(False, False)
+                    if not should_continue:
+                        known_idx = idx - 1
+                        raise ExtractorError('breaking out of outer loop')
+                    last_segment_url = urljoin(fragment_base_url, f'sq/{idx}')
+                    yield {
+                        'url': last_segment_url,
+                        'fragment_count': last_seq,
+                    }
+                if known_idx == last_seq:
+                    no_fragment_score += 5
+                else:
+                    no_fragment_score = 0
+                known_idx = last_seq
+            except ExtractorError:
+                continue
+
+            if manifestless_orig_fmt:
+                # Stop at the first iteration if running for post-live manifestless;
+                # fragment count no longer increase since it starts
+                break
+
+            time.sleep(max(0, FETCH_SPAN + fetch_time - time.time()))
+
+    def _extract_player_url(self, *ytcfgs, webpage=None):
+        player_url = traverse_obj(
+            ytcfgs, (..., 'PLAYER_JS_URL'), (..., 'WEB_PLAYER_CONTEXT_CONFIGS', ..., 'jsUrl'),
+            get_all=False, expected_type=str)
+        if not player_url:
+            return
+
+        requested_js_variant = self._configuration_arg('player_js_variant', [''])[0] or 'actual'
+        if requested_js_variant in self._PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP:
+            player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
+            original_url = player_url
+            player_url = f'/s/player/{player_id}/{self._PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP[requested_js_variant]}'
+            if original_url != player_url:
+                self.write_debug(
+                    f'Forcing "{requested_js_variant}" player JS variant for player {player_id}\n'
+                    f'        original url = {original_url}', only_once=True)
+        elif requested_js_variant != 'actual':
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Invalid player JS variant name "{requested_js_variant}" requested. '
+                f'Valid choices are: {", ".join(self._PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP)}', only_once=True)
+
+        return urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
+
+    def _download_player_url(self, video_id, fatal=False):
+        iframe_webpage = self._download_webpage_with_retries(
+            'https://www.youtube.com/iframe_api',
+            note='Downloading iframe API JS',
+            video_id=video_id, retry_fatal=fatal)
+
+        if iframe_webpage:
+            player_version = self._search_regex(
+                r'player\\?/([0-9a-fA-F]{8})\\?/', iframe_webpage, 'player version', fatal=fatal)
+            if player_version:
+                return f'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/{player_version}/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js'
+
+    def _player_js_cache_key(self, player_url):
+        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
+        player_path = remove_start(urllib.parse.urlparse(player_url).path, f'/s/player/{player_id}/')
+        variant = self._INVERSE_PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP.get(player_path)
+        if not variant:
+            self.write_debug(
+                f'Unable to determine player JS variant\n'
+                f'        player = {player_url}', only_once=True)
+            variant = re.sub(r'[^a-zA-Z0-9]', '_', remove_end(player_path, '.js'))
+        return join_nonempty(player_id, variant)
+
+    def _signature_cache_id(self, example_sig):
+        """ Return a string representation of a signature """
+        return '.'.join(str(len(part)) for part in example_sig.split('.'))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_player_info(cls, player_url):
+        for player_re in cls._PLAYER_INFO_RE:
+            id_m = re.search(player_re, player_url)
+            if id_m:
+                break
+        else:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Cannot identify player {player_url!r}')
+        return id_m.group('id')
+
+    def _load_player(self, video_id, player_url, fatal=True):
+        player_js_key = self._player_js_cache_key(player_url)
+        if player_js_key not in self._code_cache:
+            code = self._download_webpage(
+                player_url, video_id, fatal=fatal,
+                note=f'Downloading player {player_js_key}',
+                errnote=f'Download of {player_js_key} failed')
+            if code:
+                self._code_cache[player_js_key] = code
+        return self._code_cache.get(player_js_key)
+
+    def _extract_signature_function(self, video_id, player_url, example_sig):
+        # Read from filesystem cache
+        func_id = join_nonempty(
+            self._player_js_cache_key(player_url), self._signature_cache_id(example_sig))
+        assert os.path.basename(func_id) == func_id
+
+        self.write_debug(f'Extracting signature function {func_id}')
+        cache_spec, code = self.cache.load('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, min_ver='2025.03.31'), None
+
+        if not cache_spec:
+            code = self._load_player(video_id, player_url)
+        if code:
+            res = self._parse_sig_js(code, player_url)
+            test_string = ''.join(map(chr, range(len(example_sig))))
+            cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in res(test_string)]
+            self.cache.store('youtube-sigfuncs', func_id, cache_spec)
+
+        return lambda s: ''.join(s[i] for i in cache_spec)
+
+    def _print_sig_code(self, func, example_sig):
+        if not self.get_param('youtube_print_sig_code'):
+            return
+
+        def gen_sig_code(idxs):
+            def _genslice(start, end, step):
+                starts = '' if start == 0 else str(start)
+                ends = (':%d' % (end + step)) if end + step >= 0 else ':'
+                steps = '' if step == 1 else (':%d' % step)
+                return f's[{starts}{ends}{steps}]'
+
+            step = None
+            # Quelch pyflakes warnings - start will be set when step is set
+            start = '(Never used)'
+            for i, prev in zip(idxs[1:], idxs[:-1]):
+                if step is not None:
+                    if i - prev == step:
+                        continue
+                    yield _genslice(start, prev, step)
+                    step = None
+                    continue
+                if i - prev in [-1, 1]:
+                    step = i - prev
+                    start = prev
+                    continue
+                else:
+                    yield 's[%d]' % prev
+            if step is None:
+                yield 's[%d]' % i
+            else:
+                yield _genslice(start, i, step)
+
+        test_string = ''.join(map(chr, range(len(example_sig))))
+        cache_res = func(test_string)
+        cache_spec = [ord(c) for c in cache_res]
+        expr_code = ' + '.join(gen_sig_code(cache_spec))
+        signature_id_tuple = '({})'.format(', '.join(str(len(p)) for p in example_sig.split('.')))
+        code = (f'if tuple(len(p) for p in s.split(\'.\')) == {signature_id_tuple}:\n'
+                f'    return {expr_code}\n')
+        self.to_screen('Extracted signature function:\n' + code)
+
+    def _parse_sig_js(self, jscode, player_url):
+        # Examples where `sig` is funcname:
+        # sig=function(a){a=a.split(""); ... ;return a.join("")};
+        # ;c&&(c=sig(decodeURIComponent(c)),a.set(b,encodeURIComponent(c)));return a};
+        # {var l=f,m=h.sp,n=sig(decodeURIComponent(h.s));l.set(m,encodeURIComponent(n))}
+        # sig=function(J){J=J.split(""); ... ;return J.join("")};
+        # ;N&&(N=sig(decodeURIComponent(N)),J.set(R,encodeURIComponent(N)));return J};
+        # {var H=u,k=f.sp,v=sig(decodeURIComponent(f.s));H.set(k,encodeURIComponent(v))}
+        funcname = self._search_regex(
+            (r'\b(?P<var>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)&&\((?P=var)=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\((?P=var)\)\)',
+             r'(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*=\s*function\(\s*(?P<arg>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*\)\s*{\s*(?P=arg)\s*=\s*(?P=arg)\.split\(\s*""\s*\)\s*;\s*[^}]+;\s*return\s+(?P=arg)\.join\(\s*""\s*\)',
+             r'(?:\b|[^a-zA-Z0-9_$])(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]{2,})\s*=\s*function\(\s*a\s*\)\s*{\s*a\s*=\s*a\.split\(\s*""\s*\)(?:;[a-zA-Z0-9_$]{2}\.[a-zA-Z0-9_$]{2}\(a,\d+\))?',
+             # Old patterns
+             r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
+             r'\b[a-zA-Z0-9]+\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*encodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
+             r'\bm=(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]{2,})\(decodeURIComponent\(h\.s\)\)',
+             # Obsolete patterns
+             r'("|\')signature\1\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
+             r'\.sig\|\|(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
+             r'yt\.akamaized\.net/\)\s*\|\|\s*.*?\s*[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?:encodeURIComponent\s*\()?\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
+             r'\b[cs]\s*&&\s*[adf]\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\(',
+             r'\bc\s*&&\s*[a-zA-Z0-9]+\.set\([^,]+\s*,\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\(\s*(?P<sig>[a-zA-Z0-9$]+)\('),
+            jscode, 'Initial JS player signature function name', group='sig')
+
+        varname, global_list = self._interpret_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
+        jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
+        initial_function = jsi.extract_function(funcname, filter_dict({varname: global_list}))
+        return lambda s: initial_function([s])
+
+    def _cached(self, func, *cache_id):
+        def inner(*args, **kwargs):
+            if cache_id not in self._player_cache:
+                try:
+                    self._player_cache[cache_id] = func(*args, **kwargs)
+                except ExtractorError as e:
+                    self._player_cache[cache_id] = e
+                except Exception as e:
+                    self._player_cache[cache_id] = ExtractorError(traceback.format_exc(), cause=e)
+
+            ret = self._player_cache[cache_id]
+            if isinstance(ret, Exception):
+                raise ret
+            return ret
+        return inner
+
+    def _load_nsig_code_from_cache(self, player_url):
+        cache_id = ('youtube-nsig', self._player_js_cache_key(player_url))
+
+        if func_code := self._player_cache.get(cache_id):
+            return func_code
+
+        func_code = self.cache.load(*cache_id, min_ver='2025.03.31')
+        if func_code:
+            self._player_cache[cache_id] = func_code
+
+        return func_code
+
+    def _store_nsig_code_to_cache(self, player_url, func_code):
+        cache_id = ('youtube-nsig', self._player_js_cache_key(player_url))
+        if cache_id not in self._player_cache:
+            self.cache.store(*cache_id, func_code)
+            self._player_cache[cache_id] = func_code
+
+    def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url):
+        """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
+        extract_sig = self._cached(
+            self._extract_signature_function, 'sig', player_url, self._signature_cache_id(s))
+        func = extract_sig(video_id, player_url, s)
+        self._print_sig_code(func, s)
+        return func(s)
+
+    def _decrypt_nsig(self, s, video_id, player_url):
+        """Turn the encrypted n field into a working signature"""
+        if player_url is None:
+            raise ExtractorError('Cannot decrypt nsig without player_url')
+        player_url = urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', player_url)
+
+        try:
+            jsi, player_id, func_code = self._extract_n_function_code(video_id, player_url)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract nsig function code', cause=e)
+        if self.get_param('youtube_print_sig_code'):
+            self.to_screen(f'Extracted nsig function from {player_id}:\n{func_code[1]}\n')
+
+        try:
+            extract_nsig = self._cached(self._extract_n_function_from_code, 'nsig func', player_url)
+            ret = extract_nsig(jsi, func_code)(s)
+        except JSInterpreter.Exception as e:
+            try:
+                jsi = PhantomJSwrapper(self, timeout=5000)
+            except ExtractorError:
+                raise e
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Native nsig extraction failed: Trying with PhantomJS\n'
+                f'         n = {s} ; player = {player_url}', video_id)
+            self.write_debug(e, only_once=True)
+
+            args, func_body = func_code
+            ret = jsi.execute(
+                f'console.log(function({", ".join(args)}) {{ {func_body} }}({s!r}));',
+                video_id=video_id, note='Executing signature code').strip()
+
+        self.write_debug(f'Decrypted nsig {s} => {ret}')
+        # Only cache nsig func JS code to disk if successful, and only once
+        self._store_nsig_code_to_cache(player_url, func_code)
+        return ret
+
+    def _extract_n_function_name(self, jscode, player_url=None):
+        varname, global_list = self._interpret_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
+        if debug_str := traverse_obj(global_list, (lambda _, v: v.endswith('_w8_'), any)):
+            funcname = self._search_regex(
+                r'''(?xs)
+                    [;\n](?:
+                        (?P<f>function\s+)|
+                        (?:var\s+)?
+                    )(?P<funcname>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*(?(f)|=\s*function\s*)
+                    \((?P<argname>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\)\s*\{
+                    (?:(?!\}[;\n]).)+
+                    \}\s*catch\(\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\s*\)\s*
+                    \{\s*return\s+%s\[%d\]\s*\+\s*(?P=argname)\s*\}\s*return\s+[^}]+\}[;\n]
+                ''' % (re.escape(varname), global_list.index(debug_str)),
+                jscode, 'nsig function name', group='funcname', default=None)
+            if funcname:
+                return funcname
+            self.write_debug(join_nonempty(
+                'Initial search was unable to find nsig function name',
+                player_url and f'        player = {player_url}', delim='\n'), only_once=True)
+
+        # Examples (with placeholders nfunc, narray, idx):
+        # *  .get("n"))&&(b=nfunc(b)
+        # *  .get("n"))&&(b=narray[idx](b)
+        # *  b=String.fromCharCode(110),c=a.get(b))&&c=narray[idx](c)
+        # *  a.D&&(b="nn"[+a.D],c=a.get(b))&&(c=narray[idx](c),a.set(b,c),narray.length||nfunc("")
+        # *  a.D&&(PL(a),b=a.j.n||null)&&(b=narray[0](b),a.set("n",b),narray.length||nfunc("")
+        # *  a.D&&(b="nn"[+a.D],vL(a),c=a.j[b]||null)&&(c=narray[idx](c),a.set(b,c),narray.length||nfunc("")
+        # *  J.J="";J.url="";J.Z&&(R="nn"[+J.Z],mW(J),N=J.K[R]||null)&&(N=narray[idx](N),J.set(R,N))}};
+        funcname, idx = self._search_regex(
+            r'''(?x)
+            (?:
+                \.get\("n"\)\)&&\(b=|
+                (?:
+                    b=String\.fromCharCode\(110\)|
+                    (?P<str_idx>[a-zA-Z0-9_$.]+)&&\(b="nn"\[\+(?P=str_idx)\]
+                )
+                (?:
+                    ,[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\(a\))?,c=a\.
+                    (?:
+                        get\(b\)|
+                        [a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\[b\]\|\|null
+                    )\)&&\(c=|
+                \b(?P<var>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)=
+            )(?P<nfunc>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)(?:\[(?P<idx>\d+)\])?\([a-zA-Z]\)
+            (?(var),[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\.set\((?:"n+"|[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\,(?P=var)\))''',
+            jscode, 'n function name', group=('nfunc', 'idx'), default=(None, None))
+        if not funcname:
+            self.report_warning(join_nonempty(
+                'Falling back to generic n function search',
+                player_url and f'         player = {player_url}', delim='\n'), only_once=True)
+            return self._search_regex(
+                r'''(?xs)
+                ;\s*(?P<name>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*=\s*function\([a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\)
+                \s*\{(?:(?!};).)+?return\s*(?P<q>["'])[\w-]+_w8_(?P=q)\s*\+\s*[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+''',
+                jscode, 'Initial JS player n function name', group='name')
+        elif not idx:
+            return funcname
+
+        return json.loads(js_to_json(self._search_regex(
+            rf'var {re.escape(funcname)}\s*=\s*(\[.+?\])\s*[,;]', jscode,
+            f'Initial JS player n function list ({funcname}.{idx})')))[int(idx)]
+
+    def _extract_player_js_global_var(self, jscode, player_url):
+        """Returns tuple of strings: variable assignment code, variable name, variable value code"""
+        extract_global_var = self._cached(self._search_regex, 'js global array', player_url)
+        varcode, varname, varvalue = extract_global_var(
+            r'''(?x)
+                (?P<q1>["\'])use\s+strict(?P=q1);\s*
+                (?P<code>
+                    var\s+(?P<name>[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+)\s*=\s*
+                    (?P<value>
+                        (?P<q2>["\'])(?:(?!(?P=q2)).|\\.)+(?P=q2)
+                        \.split\((?P<q3>["\'])(?:(?!(?P=q3)).)+(?P=q3)\)
+                        |\[\s*(?:(?P<q4>["\'])(?:(?!(?P=q4)).|\\.)*(?P=q4)\s*,?\s*)+\]
+                    )
+                )[;,]
+            ''', jscode, 'global variable', group=('code', 'name', 'value'), default=(None, None, None))
+        if not varcode:
+            self.write_debug(join_nonempty(
+                'No global array variable found in player JS',
+                player_url and f'        player = {player_url}', delim='\n'), only_once=True)
+        return varcode, varname, varvalue
+
+    def _interpret_player_js_global_var(self, jscode, player_url):
+        """Returns tuple of: variable name string, variable value list"""
+        _, varname, array_code = self._extract_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
+        jsi = JSInterpreter(array_code)
+        interpret_global_var = self._cached(jsi.interpret_expression, 'js global list', player_url)
+        return varname, interpret_global_var(array_code, {}, allow_recursion=10)
+
+    def _fixup_n_function_code(self, argnames, nsig_code, jscode, player_url):
+        varcode, varname, _ = self._extract_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
+        if varcode and varname:
+            nsig_code = varcode + '; ' + nsig_code
+            _, global_list = self._interpret_player_js_global_var(jscode, player_url)
+        else:
+            varname = 'dlp_wins'
+            global_list = []
+
+        undefined_idx = global_list.index('undefined') if 'undefined' in global_list else r'\d+'
+        fixed_code = re.sub(
+            rf'''(?x)
+                ;\s*if\s*\(\s*typeof\s+[a-zA-Z0-9_$]+\s*===?\s*(?:
+                    (["\'])undefined\1|
+                    {re.escape(varname)}\[{undefined_idx}\]
+                )\s*\)\s*return\s+{re.escape(argnames[0])};
+            ''', ';', nsig_code)
+        if fixed_code == nsig_code:
+            self.write_debug(join_nonempty(
+                'No typeof statement found in nsig function code',
+                player_url and f'        player = {player_url}', delim='\n'), only_once=True)
+        return argnames, fixed_code
+
+    def _extract_n_function_code(self, video_id, player_url):
+        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
+        func_code = self._load_nsig_code_from_cache(player_url)
+        jscode = func_code or self._load_player(video_id, player_url)
+        jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
+
+        if func_code:
+            return jsi, player_id, func_code
+
+        func_name = self._extract_n_function_name(jscode, player_url=player_url)
+
+        # XXX: Workaround for the global array variable and lack of `typeof` implementation
+        func_code = self._fixup_n_function_code(*jsi.extract_function_code(func_name), jscode, player_url)
+
+        return jsi, player_id, func_code
+
+    def _extract_n_function_from_code(self, jsi, func_code):
+        func = jsi.extract_function_from_code(*func_code)
+
+        def extract_nsig(s):
+            try:
+                ret = func([s])
+            except JSInterpreter.Exception:
+                raise
+            except Exception as e:
+                raise JSInterpreter.Exception(traceback.format_exc(), cause=e)
+
+            if ret.startswith('enhanced_except_') or ret.endswith(s):
+                raise JSInterpreter.Exception('Signature function returned an exception')
+            return ret
+
+        return extract_nsig
+
+    def _extract_signature_timestamp(self, video_id, player_url, ytcfg=None, fatal=False):
+        """
+        Extract signatureTimestamp (sts)
+        Required to tell API what sig/player version is in use.
+        """
+        sts = None
+        if isinstance(ytcfg, dict):
+            sts = int_or_none(ytcfg.get('STS'))
+
+        if not sts:
+            # Attempt to extract from player
+            if player_url is None:
+                error_msg = 'Cannot extract signature timestamp without player_url.'
+                if fatal:
+                    raise ExtractorError(error_msg)
+                self.report_warning(error_msg)
+                return
+            code = self._load_player(video_id, player_url, fatal=fatal)
+            if code:
+                sts = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
+                    r'(?:signatureTimestamp|sts)\s*:\s*(?P<sts>[0-9]{5})', code,
+                    'JS player signature timestamp', group='sts', fatal=fatal))
+        return sts
+
+    def _mark_watched(self, video_id, player_responses):
+        for is_full, key in enumerate(('videostatsPlaybackUrl', 'videostatsWatchtimeUrl')):
+            label = 'fully ' if is_full else ''
+            url = get_first(player_responses, ('playbackTracking', key, 'baseUrl'),
+                            expected_type=url_or_none)
+            if not url:
+                self.report_warning(f'Unable to mark {label}watched')
+                return
+            parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+            qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs(parsed_url.query)
+
+            # cpn generation algorithm is reverse engineered from base.js.
+            # In fact it works even with dummy cpn.
+            CPN_ALPHABET = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789-_'
+            cpn = ''.join(CPN_ALPHABET[random.randint(0, 256) & 63] for _ in range(16))
+
+            # # more consistent results setting it to right before the end
+            video_length = [str(float((qs.get('len') or ['1.5'])[0]) - 1)]
+
+            qs.update({
+                'ver': ['2'],
+                'cpn': [cpn],
+                'cmt': video_length,
+                'el': 'detailpage',  # otherwise defaults to "shorts"
+            })
+
+            if is_full:
+                # these seem to mark watchtime "history" in the real world
+                # they're required, so send in a single value
+                qs.update({
+                    'st': 0,
+                    'et': video_length,
+                })
+
+            url = urllib.parse.urlunparse(
+                parsed_url._replace(query=urllib.parse.urlencode(qs, True)))
+
+            self._download_webpage(
+                url, video_id, f'Marking {label}watched',
+                'Unable to mark watched', fatal=False)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_from_webpage(cls, url, webpage):
+        # Invidious Instances
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/195
+        # https://github.com/iv-org/invidious/pull/1730
+        mobj = re.search(
+            r'<link rel="alternate" href="(?P<url>https://www\.youtube\.com/watch\?v=[0-9A-Za-z_-]{11})"',
+            webpage)
+        if mobj:
+            yield cls.url_result(mobj.group('url'), cls)
+            raise cls.StopExtraction
+
+        yield from super()._extract_from_webpage(url, webpage)
+
+        # lazyYT YouTube embed
+        for id_ in re.findall(r'class="lazyYT" data-youtube-id="([^"]+)"', webpage):
+            yield cls.url_result(unescapeHTML(id_), cls, id_)
+
+        # Wordpress "YouTube Video Importer" plugin
+        for m in re.findall(r'''(?x)<div[^>]+
+                class=(?P<q1>[\'"])[^\'"]*\byvii_single_video_player\b[^\'"]*(?P=q1)[^>]+
+                data-video_id=(?P<q2>[\'"])([^\'"]+)(?P=q2)''', webpage):
+            yield cls.url_result(m[-1], cls, m[-1])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def extract_id(cls, url):
+        video_id = cls.get_temp_id(url)
+        if not video_id:
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Invalid URL: {url}')
+        return video_id
+
+    def _extract_chapters_from_json(self, data, duration):
+        chapter_list = traverse_obj(
+            data, (
+                'playerOverlays', 'playerOverlayRenderer', 'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer',
+                'decoratedPlayerBarRenderer', 'playerBar', 'chapteredPlayerBarRenderer', 'chapters',
+            ), expected_type=list)
+
+        return self._extract_chapters_helper(
+            chapter_list,
+            start_function=lambda chapter: float_or_none(
+                traverse_obj(chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'timeRangeStartMillis')), scale=1000),
+            title_function=lambda chapter: traverse_obj(
+                chapter, ('chapterRenderer', 'title', 'simpleText'), expected_type=str),
+            duration=duration)
+
+    def _extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(self, data, duration):
+        content_list = traverse_obj(
+            data,
+            ('engagementPanels', ..., 'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'content', 'macroMarkersListRenderer', 'contents'),
+            expected_type=list)
+        chapter_time = lambda chapter: parse_duration(self._get_text(chapter, 'timeDescription'))
+        chapter_title = lambda chapter: self._get_text(chapter, 'title')
+
+        return next(filter(None, (
+            self._extract_chapters_helper(traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'macroMarkersListItemRenderer')),
+                                          chapter_time, chapter_title, duration)
+            for contents in content_list)), [])
+
+    def _extract_heatmap(self, data):
+        return traverse_obj(data, (
+            'frameworkUpdates', 'entityBatchUpdate', 'mutations',
+            lambda _, v: v['payload']['macroMarkersListEntity']['markersList']['markerType'] == 'MARKER_TYPE_HEATMAP',
+            'payload', 'macroMarkersListEntity', 'markersList', 'markers', ..., {
+                'start_time': ('startMillis', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'end_time': {lambda x: (int(x['startMillis']) + int(x['durationMillis'])) / 1000},
+                'value': ('intensityScoreNormalized', {float_or_none}),
+            })) or None
+
+    def _extract_comment(self, entities, parent=None):
+        comment_entity_payload = get_first(entities, ('payload', 'commentEntityPayload', {dict}))
+        if not (comment_id := traverse_obj(comment_entity_payload, ('properties', 'commentId', {str}))):
+            return
+
+        toolbar_entity_payload = get_first(entities, ('payload', 'engagementToolbarStateEntityPayload', {dict}))
+        time_text = traverse_obj(comment_entity_payload, ('properties', 'publishedTime', {str})) or ''
+
+        return {
+            'id': comment_id,
+            'parent': parent or 'root',
+            **traverse_obj(comment_entity_payload, {
+                'text': ('properties', 'content', 'content', {str}),
+                'like_count': ('toolbar', 'likeCountA11y', {parse_count}),
+                'author_id': ('author', 'channelId', {self.ucid_or_none}),
+                'author': ('author', 'displayName', {str}),
+                'author_thumbnail': ('author', 'avatarThumbnailUrl', {url_or_none}),
+                'author_is_uploader': ('author', 'isCreator', {bool}),
+                'author_is_verified': ('author', 'isVerified', {bool}),
+                'author_url': ('author', 'channelCommand', 'innertubeCommand', (
+                    ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'), ('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'),
+                ), {urljoin('https://www.youtube.com')}),
+            }, get_all=False),
+            'is_favorited': (None if toolbar_entity_payload is None else
+                             toolbar_entity_payload.get('heartState') == 'TOOLBAR_HEART_STATE_HEARTED'),
+            '_time_text': time_text,  # FIXME: non-standard, but we need a way of showing that it is an estimate.
+            'timestamp': self._parse_time_text(time_text),
+        }
+
+    def _extract_comment_old(self, comment_renderer, parent=None):
+        comment_id = comment_renderer.get('commentId')
+        if not comment_id:
+            return
+
+        info = {
+            'id': comment_id,
+            'text': self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'contentText'),
+            'like_count': self._get_count(comment_renderer, 'voteCount'),
+            'author_id': traverse_obj(comment_renderer, ('authorEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint', 'browseId', {self.ucid_or_none})),
+            'author': self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'authorText'),
+            'author_thumbnail': traverse_obj(comment_renderer, ('authorThumbnail', 'thumbnails', -1, 'url', {url_or_none})),
+            'parent': parent or 'root',
+        }
+
+        # Timestamp is an estimate calculated from the current time and time_text
+        time_text = self._get_text(comment_renderer, 'publishedTimeText') or ''
+        timestamp = self._parse_time_text(time_text)
+
+        info.update({
+            # FIXME: non-standard, but we need a way of showing that it is an estimate.
+            '_time_text': time_text,
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+        })
+
+        info['author_url'] = urljoin(
+            'https://www.youtube.com', traverse_obj(comment_renderer, ('authorEndpoint', (
+                ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl'), ('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'))),
+                expected_type=str, get_all=False))
+
+        author_is_uploader = traverse_obj(comment_renderer, 'authorIsChannelOwner')
+        if author_is_uploader is not None:
+            info['author_is_uploader'] = author_is_uploader
+
+        comment_abr = traverse_obj(
+            comment_renderer, ('actionButtons', 'commentActionButtonsRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
+        if comment_abr is not None:
+            info['is_favorited'] = 'creatorHeart' in comment_abr
+
+        badges = self._extract_badges([traverse_obj(comment_renderer, 'authorCommentBadge')])
+        if self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED):
+            info['author_is_verified'] = True
+
+        is_pinned = traverse_obj(comment_renderer, 'pinnedCommentBadge')
+        if is_pinned:
+            info['is_pinned'] = True
+
+        return info
+
+    def _comment_entries(self, root_continuation_data, ytcfg, video_id, parent=None, tracker=None):
+
+        get_single_config_arg = lambda c: self._configuration_arg(c, [''])[0]
+
+        def extract_header(contents):
+            _continuation = None
+            for content in contents:
+                comments_header_renderer = traverse_obj(content, 'commentsHeaderRenderer')
+                expected_comment_count = self._get_count(
+                    comments_header_renderer, 'countText', 'commentsCount')
+
+                if expected_comment_count is not None:
+                    tracker['est_total'] = expected_comment_count
+                    self.to_screen(f'Downloading ~{expected_comment_count} comments')
+                comment_sort_index = int(get_single_config_arg('comment_sort') != 'top')  # 1 = new, 0 = top
+
+                sort_menu_item = try_get(
+                    comments_header_renderer,
+                    lambda x: x['sortMenu']['sortFilterSubMenuRenderer']['subMenuItems'][comment_sort_index], dict) or {}
+                sort_continuation_ep = sort_menu_item.get('serviceEndpoint') or {}
+
+                _continuation = self._extract_continuation_ep_data(sort_continuation_ep) or self._extract_continuation(sort_menu_item)
+                if not _continuation:
+                    continue
+
+                sort_text = str_or_none(sort_menu_item.get('title'))
+                if not sort_text:
+                    sort_text = 'top comments' if comment_sort_index == 0 else 'newest first'
+                self.to_screen(f'Sorting comments by {sort_text.lower()}')
+                break
+            return _continuation
+
+        def extract_thread(contents, entity_payloads):
+            if not parent:
+                tracker['current_page_thread'] = 0
+            for content in contents:
+                if not parent and tracker['total_parent_comments'] >= max_parents:
+                    yield
+                comment_thread_renderer = try_get(content, lambda x: x['commentThreadRenderer'])
+
+                # old comment format
+                if not entity_payloads:
+                    comment_renderer = get_first(
+                        (comment_thread_renderer, content), [['commentRenderer', ('comment', 'commentRenderer')]],
+                        expected_type=dict, default={})
+
+                    comment = self._extract_comment_old(comment_renderer, parent)
+
+                # new comment format
+                else:
+                    view_model = (
+                        traverse_obj(comment_thread_renderer, ('commentViewModel', 'commentViewModel', {dict}))
+                        or traverse_obj(content, ('commentViewModel', {dict})))
+                    comment_keys = traverse_obj(view_model, (('commentKey', 'toolbarStateKey'), {str}))
+                    if not comment_keys:
+                        continue
+                    entities = traverse_obj(entity_payloads, lambda _, v: v['entityKey'] in comment_keys)
+                    comment = self._extract_comment(entities, parent)
+                    if comment:
+                        comment['is_pinned'] = traverse_obj(view_model, ('pinnedText', {str})) is not None
+
+                if not comment:
+                    continue
+                comment_id = comment['id']
+
+                if comment.get('is_pinned'):
+                    tracker['pinned_comment_ids'].add(comment_id)
+                # Sometimes YouTube may break and give us infinite looping comments.
+                # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6290
+                if comment_id in tracker['seen_comment_ids']:
+                    if comment_id in tracker['pinned_comment_ids'] and not comment.get('is_pinned'):
+                        # Pinned comments may appear a second time in newest first sort
+                        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/6712
+                        continue
+                    self.report_warning(
+                        'Detected YouTube comments looping. Stopping comment extraction '
+                        f'{"for this thread" if parent else ""} as we probably cannot get any more.')
+                    yield
+                else:
+                    tracker['seen_comment_ids'].add(comment['id'])
+
+                tracker['running_total'] += 1
+                tracker['total_reply_comments' if parent else 'total_parent_comments'] += 1
+                yield comment
+
+                # Attempt to get the replies
+                comment_replies_renderer = try_get(
+                    comment_thread_renderer, lambda x: x['replies']['commentRepliesRenderer'], dict)
+
+                if comment_replies_renderer:
+                    tracker['current_page_thread'] += 1
+                    comment_entries_iter = self._comment_entries(
+                        comment_replies_renderer, ytcfg, video_id,
+                        parent=comment.get('id'), tracker=tracker)
+                    yield from itertools.islice(comment_entries_iter, min(
+                        max_replies_per_thread, max(0, max_replies - tracker['total_reply_comments'])))
+
+        # Keeps track of counts across recursive calls
+        if not tracker:
+            tracker = {
+                'running_total': 0,
+                'est_total': None,
+                'current_page_thread': 0,
+                'total_parent_comments': 0,
+                'total_reply_comments': 0,
+                'seen_comment_ids': set(),
+                'pinned_comment_ids': set(),
+            }
+
+        # TODO: Deprecated
+        # YouTube comments have a max depth of 2
+        max_depth = int_or_none(get_single_config_arg('max_comment_depth'))
+        if max_depth:
+            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] max_comment_depth extractor argument is deprecated. '
+                                                'Set max replies in the max-comments extractor argument instead')
+        if max_depth == 1 and parent:
+            return
+
+        max_comments, max_parents, max_replies, max_replies_per_thread, *_ = (
+            int_or_none(p, default=sys.maxsize) for p in self._configuration_arg('max_comments') + [''] * 4)
+
+        continuation = self._extract_continuation(root_continuation_data)
+
+        response = None
+        is_forced_continuation = False
+        is_first_continuation = parent is None
+        if is_first_continuation and not continuation:
+            # Sometimes you can get comments by generating the continuation yourself,
+            # even if YouTube initially reports them being disabled - e.g. stories comments.
+            # Note: if the comment section is actually disabled, YouTube may return a response with
+            # required check_get_keys missing. So we will disable that check initially in this case.
+            continuation = self._build_api_continuation_query(self._generate_comment_continuation(video_id))
+            is_forced_continuation = True
+
+        continuation_items_path = (
+            'onResponseReceivedEndpoints', ..., ('reloadContinuationItemsCommand', 'appendContinuationItemsAction'), 'continuationItems')
+        for page_num in itertools.count(0):
+            if not continuation:
+                break
+            headers = self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response))
+            comment_prog_str = f"({tracker['running_total']}/~{tracker['est_total']})"
+            if page_num == 0:
+                if is_first_continuation:
+                    note_prefix = 'Downloading comment section API JSON'
+                else:
+                    note_prefix = '    Downloading comment API JSON reply thread %d %s' % (
+                        tracker['current_page_thread'], comment_prog_str)
+            else:
+                note_prefix = '{}Downloading comment{} API JSON page {} {}'.format(
+                    '       ' if parent else '', ' replies' if parent else '',
+                    page_num, comment_prog_str)
+
+            # Do a deep check for incomplete data as sometimes YouTube may return no comments for a continuation
+            # Ignore check if YouTube says the comment count is 0.
+            check_get_keys = None
+            if not is_forced_continuation and not (tracker['est_total'] == 0 and tracker['running_total'] == 0):
+                check_get_keys = [[*continuation_items_path, ..., (
+                    'commentsHeaderRenderer' if is_first_continuation else ('commentThreadRenderer', 'commentViewModel', 'commentRenderer'))]]
+            try:
+                response = self._extract_response(
+                    item_id=None, query=continuation,
+                    ep='next', ytcfg=ytcfg, headers=headers, note=note_prefix,
+                    check_get_keys=check_get_keys)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                # Ignore incomplete data error for replies if retries didn't work.
+                # This is to allow any other parent comments and comment threads to be downloaded.
+                # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4669
+                if 'incomplete data' in str(e).lower() and parent:
+                    if self.get_param('ignoreerrors') in (True, 'only_download'):
+                        self.report_warning(
+                            'Received incomplete data for a comment reply thread and retrying did not help. '
+                            'Ignoring to let other comments be downloaded. Pass --no-ignore-errors to not ignore.')
+                        return
+                    else:
+                        raise ExtractorError(
+                            'Incomplete data received for comment reply thread. '
+                            'Pass --ignore-errors to ignore and allow rest of comments to download.',
+                            expected=True)
+                raise
+            is_forced_continuation = False
+            continuation = None
+            mutations = traverse_obj(response, ('frameworkUpdates', 'entityBatchUpdate', 'mutations', ..., {dict}))
+            for continuation_items in traverse_obj(response, continuation_items_path, expected_type=list, default=[]):
+                if is_first_continuation:
+                    continuation = extract_header(continuation_items)
+                    is_first_continuation = False
+                    if continuation:
+                        break
+                    continue
+
+                for entry in extract_thread(continuation_items, mutations):
+                    if not entry:
+                        return
+                    yield entry
+                continuation = self._extract_continuation({'contents': continuation_items})
+                if continuation:
+                    break
+
+        message = self._get_text(root_continuation_data, ('contents', ..., 'messageRenderer', 'text'), max_runs=1)
+        if message and not parent and tracker['running_total'] == 0:
+            self.report_warning(f'Youtube said: {message}', video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
+            raise self.CommentsDisabled
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _generate_comment_continuation(video_id):
+        """
+        Generates initial comment section continuation token from given video id
+        """
+        token = f'\x12\r\x12\x0b{video_id}\x18\x062\'"\x11"\x0b{video_id}0\x00x\x020\x00B\x10comments-section'
+        return base64.b64encode(token.encode()).decode()
+
+    def _get_comments(self, ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage):
+        """Entry for comment extraction"""
+        def _real_comment_extract(contents):
+            renderer = next((
+                item for item in traverse_obj(contents, (..., 'itemSectionRenderer'), default={})
+                if item.get('sectionIdentifier') == 'comment-item-section'), None)
+            yield from self._comment_entries(renderer, ytcfg, video_id)
+
+        max_comments = int_or_none(self._configuration_arg('max_comments', [''])[0])
+        return itertools.islice(_real_comment_extract(contents), 0, max_comments)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_checkok_params():
+        return {'contentCheckOk': True, 'racyCheckOk': True}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _generate_player_context(cls, sts=None):
+        context = {
+            'html5Preference': 'HTML5_PREF_WANTS',
+        }
+        if sts is not None:
+            context['signatureTimestamp'] = sts
+        return {
+            'playbackContext': {
+                'contentPlaybackContext': context,
+            },
+            **cls._get_checkok_params(),
+        }
+
+    def _get_config_po_token(self, client: str, context: _PoTokenContext):
+        po_token_strs = self._configuration_arg('po_token', [], ie_key=YoutubeIE, casesense=True)
+        for token_str in po_token_strs:
+            po_token_meta, sep, po_token = token_str.partition('+')
+            if not sep:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'Invalid po_token configuration format. '
+                    f'Expected "CLIENT.CONTEXT+PO_TOKEN", got "{token_str}"', only_once=True)
+                continue
+
+            po_token_client, sep, po_token_context = po_token_meta.partition('.')
+            if po_token_client.lower() != client:
+                continue
+
+            if not sep:
+                # TODO(future): deprecate the old format?
+                self.write_debug(
+                    f'po_token configuration for {client} client is missing a context; assuming GVS. '
+                    'You can provide a context with the format "CLIENT.CONTEXT+PO_TOKEN"',
+                    only_once=True)
+                po_token_context = _PoTokenContext.GVS.value
+
+            if po_token_context.lower() != context.value:
+                continue
+
+            # Clean and validate the PO Token. This will strip invalid characters off
+            # (e.g. additional url params the user may accidentally include)
+            try:
+                return base64.urlsafe_b64encode(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(urllib.parse.unquote(po_token))).decode()
+            except (binascii.Error, ValueError):
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'Invalid po_token configuration for {client} client: '
+                    f'{po_token_context} PO Token should be a base64url-encoded string.',
+                    only_once=True)
+                continue
+
+    def fetch_po_token(self, client='web', context=_PoTokenContext.GVS, ytcfg=None, visitor_data=None,
+                       data_sync_id=None, session_index=None, player_url=None, video_id=None, **kwargs):
+        """
+        Fetch a PO Token for a given client and context. This function will validate required parameters for a given context and client.
+
+        EXPERIMENTAL: This method is unstable and may change or be removed without notice.
+
+        @param client: The client to fetch the PO Token for.
+        @param context: The context in which the PO Token is used.
+        @param ytcfg: The ytcfg for the client.
+        @param visitor_data: visitor data.
+        @param data_sync_id: data sync ID.
+        @param session_index: session index.
+        @param player_url: player URL.
+        @param video_id: video ID.
+        @param kwargs: Additional arguments to pass down. May be more added in the future.
+        @return: The fetched PO Token. None if it could not be fetched.
+        """
+
+        # GVS WebPO Token is bound to visitor_data / Visitor ID when logged out.
+        # Must have visitor_data for it to function.
+        if player_url and context == _PoTokenContext.GVS and not visitor_data and not self.is_authenticated:
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Unable to fetch GVS PO Token for {client} client: Missing required Visitor Data. '
+                f'You may need to pass Visitor Data with --extractor-args "youtube:visitor_data=XXX"')
+            return
+
+        if context == _PoTokenContext.PLAYER and not video_id:
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Unable to fetch Player PO Token for {client} client: Missing required Video ID')
+            return
+
+        config_po_token = self._get_config_po_token(client, context)
+        if config_po_token:
+            # GVS WebPO token is bound to data_sync_id / account Session ID when logged in.
+            if player_url and context == _PoTokenContext.GVS and not data_sync_id and self.is_authenticated:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'Got a GVS PO Token for {client} client, but missing Data Sync ID for account. Formats may not work.'
+                    f'You may need to pass a Data Sync ID with --extractor-args "youtube:data_sync_id=XXX"')
+
+            return config_po_token
+
+        # Require GVS WebPO Token if logged in for external fetching
+        if player_url and context == _PoTokenContext.GVS and not data_sync_id and self.is_authenticated:
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Unable to fetch GVS PO Token for {client} client: Missing required Data Sync ID for account. '
+                f'You may need to pass a Data Sync ID with --extractor-args "youtube:data_sync_id=XXX"')
+            return
+
+        return self._fetch_po_token(
+            client=client,
+            context=context.value,
+            ytcfg=ytcfg,
+            visitor_data=visitor_data,
+            data_sync_id=data_sync_id,
+            session_index=session_index,
+            player_url=player_url,
+            video_id=video_id,
+            **kwargs,
+        )
+
+    def _fetch_po_token(self, client, **kwargs):
+        """(Unstable) External PO Token fetch stub"""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_agegated(player_response):
+        if traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'desktopLegacyAgeGateReason')):
+            return True
+
+        reasons = traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', ('status', 'reason')))
+        AGE_GATE_REASONS = (
+            'confirm your age', 'age-restricted', 'inappropriate',  # reason
+            'age_verification_required', 'age_check_required',  # status
+        )
+        return any(expected in reason for expected in AGE_GATE_REASONS for reason in reasons)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_unplayable(player_response):
+        return traverse_obj(player_response, ('playabilityStatus', 'status')) == 'UNPLAYABLE'
+
+    def _extract_player_response(self, client, video_id, master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, player_url, initial_pr, visitor_data, data_sync_id, po_token):
+        headers = self.generate_api_headers(
+            ytcfg=player_ytcfg,
+            default_client=client,
+            visitor_data=visitor_data,
+            session_index=self._extract_session_index(master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg),
+            delegated_session_id=(
+                self._parse_data_sync_id(data_sync_id)[0]
+                or self._extract_delegated_session_id(master_ytcfg, initial_pr, player_ytcfg)
+            ),
+            user_session_id=(
+                self._parse_data_sync_id(data_sync_id)[1]
+                or self._extract_user_session_id(master_ytcfg, initial_pr, player_ytcfg)
+            ),
+        )
+
+        yt_query = {
+            'videoId': video_id,
+        }
+
+        default_pp = traverse_obj(
+            INNERTUBE_CLIENTS, (_split_innertube_client(client)[0], 'PLAYER_PARAMS', {str}))
+        if player_params := self._configuration_arg('player_params', [default_pp], casesense=True)[0]:
+            yt_query['params'] = player_params
+
+        if po_token:
+            yt_query['serviceIntegrityDimensions'] = {'poToken': po_token}
+
+        sts = self._extract_signature_timestamp(video_id, player_url, master_ytcfg, fatal=False) if player_url else None
+        yt_query.update(self._generate_player_context(sts))
+        return self._extract_response(
+            item_id=video_id, ep='player', query=yt_query,
+            ytcfg=player_ytcfg, headers=headers, fatal=True,
+            default_client=client,
+            note='Downloading {} player API JSON'.format(client.replace('_', ' ').strip()),
+        ) or None
+
+    def _get_requested_clients(self, url, smuggled_data):
+        requested_clients = []
+        excluded_clients = []
+        default_clients = self._DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS if self.is_authenticated else self._DEFAULT_CLIENTS
+        allowed_clients = sorted(
+            (client for client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS if client[:1] != '_'),
+            key=lambda client: INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['priority'], reverse=True)
+        for client in self._configuration_arg('player_client'):
+            if client == 'default':
+                requested_clients.extend(default_clients)
+            elif client == 'all':
+                requested_clients.extend(allowed_clients)
+            elif client.startswith('-'):
+                excluded_clients.append(client[1:])
+            elif client not in allowed_clients:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping unsupported client "{client}"')
+            else:
+                requested_clients.append(client)
+        if not requested_clients:
+            requested_clients.extend(default_clients)
+        for excluded_client in excluded_clients:
+            if excluded_client in requested_clients:
+                requested_clients.remove(excluded_client)
+        if not requested_clients:
+            raise ExtractorError('No player clients have been requested', expected=True)
+
+        if self.is_authenticated:
+            if (smuggled_data.get('is_music_url') or self.is_music_url(url)) and 'web_music' not in requested_clients:
+                requested_clients.append('web_music')
+
+            unsupported_clients = [
+                client for client in requested_clients if not INNERTUBE_CLIENTS[client]['SUPPORTS_COOKIES']
+            ]
+            for client in unsupported_clients:
+                self.report_warning(f'Skipping client "{client}" since it does not support cookies', only_once=True)
+                requested_clients.remove(client)
+
+        return orderedSet(requested_clients)
+
+    def _invalid_player_response(self, pr, video_id):
+        # YouTube may return a different video player response than expected.
+        # See: https://github.com/TeamNewPipe/NewPipe/issues/8713
+        if (pr_id := traverse_obj(pr, ('videoDetails', 'videoId'))) != video_id:
+            return pr_id
+
+    def _extract_player_responses(self, clients, video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg, smuggled_data):
+        initial_pr = None
+        if webpage:
+            initial_pr = self._search_json(
+                self._YT_INITIAL_PLAYER_RESPONSE_RE, webpage, 'initial player response', video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        prs = []
+        deprioritized_prs = []
+
+        if initial_pr and not self._invalid_player_response(initial_pr, video_id):
+            # Android player_response does not have microFormats which are needed for
+            # extraction of some data. So we return the initial_pr with formats
+            # stripped out even if not requested by the user
+            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/501
+            prs.append({**initial_pr, 'streamingData': None})
+
+        all_clients = set(clients)
+        clients = clients[::-1]
+
+        def append_client(*client_names):
+            """ Append the first client name that exists but not already used """
+            for client_name in client_names:
+                actual_client = _split_innertube_client(client_name)[0]
+                if actual_client in INNERTUBE_CLIENTS:
+                    if actual_client not in all_clients:
+                        clients.append(client_name)
+                        all_clients.add(actual_client)
+                        return
+
+        tried_iframe_fallback = False
+        player_url = visitor_data = data_sync_id = None
+        skipped_clients = {}
+        while clients:
+            deprioritize_pr = False
+            client, base_client, variant = _split_innertube_client(clients.pop())
+            player_ytcfg = master_ytcfg if client == 'web' else {}
+            if 'configs' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip') and client != 'web':
+                player_ytcfg = self._download_ytcfg(client, video_id) or player_ytcfg
+
+            player_url = player_url or self._extract_player_url(master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg, webpage=webpage)
+            require_js_player = self._get_default_ytcfg(client).get('REQUIRE_JS_PLAYER')
+            if 'js' in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
+                require_js_player = False
+                player_url = None
+
+            if not player_url and not tried_iframe_fallback and require_js_player:
+                player_url = self._download_player_url(video_id)
+                tried_iframe_fallback = True
+
+            visitor_data = visitor_data or self._extract_visitor_data(master_ytcfg, initial_pr, player_ytcfg)
+            data_sync_id = data_sync_id or self._extract_data_sync_id(master_ytcfg, initial_pr, player_ytcfg)
+
+            fetch_po_token_args = {
+                'client': client,
+                'visitor_data': visitor_data,
+                'video_id': video_id,
+                'data_sync_id': data_sync_id if self.is_authenticated else None,
+                'player_url': player_url if require_js_player else None,
+                'session_index': self._extract_session_index(master_ytcfg, player_ytcfg),
+                'ytcfg': player_ytcfg,
+            }
+
+            player_po_token = self.fetch_po_token(
+                context=_PoTokenContext.PLAYER, **fetch_po_token_args)
+
+            gvs_po_token = self.fetch_po_token(
+                context=_PoTokenContext.GVS, **fetch_po_token_args)
+
+            required_pot_contexts = self._get_default_ytcfg(client)['PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS']
+
+            if (
+                not player_po_token
+                and _PoTokenContext.PLAYER in required_pot_contexts
+            ):
+                # TODO: may need to skip player response request. Unsure yet..
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'No Player PO Token provided for {client} client, '
+                    f'which may be required for working {client} formats. This client will be deprioritized'
+                    f'You can manually pass a Player PO Token for this client with --extractor-args "youtube:po_token={client}.player+XXX". '
+                    f'For more information, refer to {PO_TOKEN_GUIDE_URL} .', only_once=True)
+                deprioritize_pr = True
+
+            if (
+                not gvs_po_token
+                and _PoTokenContext.GVS in required_pot_contexts
+                and 'missing_pot' in self._configuration_arg('formats')
+            ):
+                # note: warning with help message is provided later during format processing
+                self.report_warning(
+                    f'No GVS PO Token provided for {client} client, '
+                    f'which may be required for working {client} formats. This client will be deprioritized',
+                    only_once=True)
+                deprioritize_pr = True
+
+            pr = initial_pr if client == 'web' else None
+            try:
+                pr = pr or self._extract_player_response(
+                    client, video_id,
+                    master_ytcfg=player_ytcfg or master_ytcfg,
+                    player_ytcfg=player_ytcfg,
+                    player_url=player_url,
+                    initial_pr=initial_pr,
+                    visitor_data=visitor_data,
+                    data_sync_id=data_sync_id,
+                    po_token=player_po_token)
+            except ExtractorError as e:
+                self.report_warning(e)
+                continue
+
+            if pr_id := self._invalid_player_response(pr, video_id):
+                skipped_clients[client] = pr_id
+            elif pr:
+                # Save client name for introspection later
+                sd = traverse_obj(pr, ('streamingData', {dict})) or {}
+                sd[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = client
+                sd[STREAMING_DATA_INITIAL_PO_TOKEN] = gvs_po_token
+                for f in traverse_obj(sd, (('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ..., {dict})):
+                    f[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME] = client
+                    f[STREAMING_DATA_INITIAL_PO_TOKEN] = gvs_po_token
+                if deprioritize_pr:
+                    deprioritized_prs.append(pr)
+                else:
+                    prs.append(pr)
+
+            # EU countries require age-verification for accounts to access age-restricted videos
+            # If account is not age-verified, _is_agegated() will be truthy for non-embedded clients
+            if self.is_authenticated and self._is_agegated(pr):
+                self.to_screen(
+                    f'{video_id}: This video is age-restricted and YouTube is requiring '
+                    'account age-verification; some formats may be missing', only_once=True)
+                # tv_embedded can work around the age-verification requirement for embeddable videos
+                # web_creator may work around age-verification for all videos but requires PO token
+                append_client('tv_embedded', 'web_creator')
+
+        prs.extend(deprioritized_prs)
+
+        if skipped_clients:
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Skipping player responses from {"/".join(skipped_clients)} clients '
+                f'(got player responses for video "{"/".join(set(skipped_clients.values()))}" instead of "{video_id}")')
+            if not prs:
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    'All player responses are invalid. Your IP is likely being blocked by Youtube', expected=True)
+        elif not prs:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to extract any player response')
+        return prs, player_url
+
+    def _needs_live_processing(self, live_status, duration):
+        if ((live_status == 'is_live' and self.get_param('live_from_start'))
+                or (live_status == 'post_live' and (duration or 0) > 2 * 3600)):
+            return live_status
+
+    def _report_pot_format_skipped(self, video_id, client_name, proto):
+        msg = (
+            f'{video_id}: {client_name} client {proto} formats require a GVS PO Token which was not provided. '
+            'They will be skipped as they may yield HTTP Error 403. '
+            f'You can manually pass a GVS PO Token for this client with --extractor-args "youtube:po_token={client_name}.gvs+XXX". '
+            f'For more information, refer to  {PO_TOKEN_GUIDE_URL} . '
+            'To enable these broken formats anyway, pass --extractor-args "youtube:formats=missing_pot"')
+
+        # Only raise a warning for non-default clients, to not confuse users.
+        # iOS HLS formats still work without PO Token, so we don't need to warn about them.
+        if client_name in (*self._DEFAULT_CLIENTS, *self._DEFAULT_AUTHED_CLIENTS):
+            self.write_debug(msg, only_once=True)
+        else:
+            self.report_warning(msg, only_once=True)
+
+    def _extract_formats_and_subtitles(self, streaming_data, video_id, player_url, live_status, duration):
+        CHUNK_SIZE = 10 << 20
+        PREFERRED_LANG_VALUE = 10
+        original_language = None
+        itags, stream_ids = collections.defaultdict(set), []
+        itag_qualities, res_qualities = {}, {0: None}
+        q = qualities([
+            # Normally tiny is the smallest video-only formats. But
+            # audio-only formats with unknown quality may get tagged as tiny
+            'tiny',
+            'audio_quality_ultralow', 'audio_quality_low', 'audio_quality_medium', 'audio_quality_high',  # Audio only formats
+            'small', 'medium', 'large', 'hd720', 'hd1080', 'hd1440', 'hd2160', 'hd2880', 'highres',
+        ])
+        streaming_formats = traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., ('formats', 'adaptiveFormats'), ...))
+        format_types = self._configuration_arg('formats')
+        all_formats = 'duplicate' in format_types
+        if self._configuration_arg('include_duplicate_formats'):
+            all_formats = True
+            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] include_duplicate_formats extractor argument is deprecated. '
+                                                'Use formats=duplicate extractor argument instead')
+
+        def build_fragments(f):
+            return LazyList({
+                'url': update_url_query(f['url'], {
+                    'range': f'{range_start}-{min(range_start + CHUNK_SIZE - 1, f["filesize"])}',
+                }),
+            } for range_start in range(0, f['filesize'], CHUNK_SIZE))
+
+        for fmt in streaming_formats:
+            client_name = fmt[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME]
+            if fmt.get('targetDurationSec'):
+                continue
+
+            itag = str_or_none(fmt.get('itag'))
+            audio_track = fmt.get('audioTrack') or {}
+            stream_id = (itag, audio_track.get('id'), fmt.get('isDrc'))
+            if not all_formats:
+                if stream_id in stream_ids:
+                    continue
+
+            quality = fmt.get('quality')
+            height = int_or_none(fmt.get('height'))
+            if quality == 'tiny' or not quality:
+                quality = fmt.get('audioQuality', '').lower() or quality
+            # The 3gp format (17) in android client has a quality of "small",
+            # but is actually worse than other formats
+            if itag == '17':
+                quality = 'tiny'
+            if quality:
+                if itag:
+                    itag_qualities[itag] = quality
+                if height:
+                    res_qualities[height] = quality
+
+            display_name = audio_track.get('displayName') or ''
+            is_original = 'original' in display_name.lower()
+            is_descriptive = 'descriptive' in display_name.lower()
+            is_default = audio_track.get('audioIsDefault')
+            language_code = audio_track.get('id', '').split('.')[0]
+            if language_code and (is_original or (is_default and not original_language)):
+                original_language = language_code
+
+            has_drm = bool(fmt.get('drmFamilies'))
+
+            # FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF(otf=1) requires downloading the init fragment
+            # (adding `&sq=0` to the URL) and parsing emsg box to determine the
+            # number of fragment that would subsequently requested with (`&sq=N`)
+            if fmt.get('type') == 'FORMAT_STREAM_TYPE_OTF' and not has_drm:
+                continue
+
+            if has_drm:
+                msg = f'Some {client_name} client https formats have been skipped as they are DRM protected. '
+                if client_name == 'tv':
+                    msg += (
+                        f'{"Your account" if self.is_authenticated else "The current session"} may have '
+                        f'an experiment that applies DRM to all videos on the tv client. '
+                        f'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12563  for more details.'
+                    )
+                self.report_warning(msg, video_id, only_once=True)
+
+            fmt_url = fmt.get('url')
+            if not fmt_url:
+                sc = urllib.parse.parse_qs(fmt.get('signatureCipher'))
+                fmt_url = url_or_none(try_get(sc, lambda x: x['url'][0]))
+                encrypted_sig = try_get(sc, lambda x: x['s'][0])
+                if not all((sc, fmt_url, player_url, encrypted_sig)):
+                    self.report_warning(
+                        f'Some {client_name} client https formats have been skipped as they are missing a url. '
+                        f'{"Your account" if self.is_authenticated else "The current session"} may have '
+                        f'the SSAP (server-side ads) experiment which interferes with yt-dlp. '
+                        f'Please see  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12482  for more details.',
+                        video_id, only_once=True)
+                    continue
+                try:
+                    fmt_url += '&{}={}'.format(
+                        traverse_obj(sc, ('sp', -1)) or 'signature',
+                        self._decrypt_signature(encrypted_sig, video_id, player_url),
+                    )
+                except ExtractorError as e:
+                    self.report_warning('Signature extraction failed: Some formats may be missing',
+                                        video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
+                    self.write_debug(e, only_once=True)
+                    continue
+
+            query = parse_qs(fmt_url)
+            if query.get('n'):
+                try:
+                    decrypt_nsig = self._cached(self._decrypt_nsig, 'nsig', query['n'][0])
+                    fmt_url = update_url_query(fmt_url, {
+                        'n': decrypt_nsig(query['n'][0], video_id, player_url),
+                    })
+                except ExtractorError as e:
+                    if player_url:
+                        self.report_warning(
+                            f'nsig extraction failed: Some formats may be missing\n'
+                            f'         n = {query["n"][0]} ; player = {player_url}\n'
+                            f'         {bug_reports_message(before="")}',
+                            video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
+                        self.write_debug(e, only_once=True)
+                    else:
+                        self.report_warning(
+                            'Cannot decrypt nsig without player_url: Some formats may be missing',
+                            video_id=video_id, only_once=True)
+                    continue
+
+            tbr = float_or_none(fmt.get('averageBitrate') or fmt.get('bitrate'), 1000)
+            format_duration = traverse_obj(fmt, ('approxDurationMs', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}))
+            # Some formats may have much smaller duration than others (possibly damaged during encoding)
+            # E.g. 2-nOtRESiUc Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/2823
+            # Make sure to avoid false positives with small duration differences.
+            # E.g. __2ABJjxzNo, ySuUZEjARPY
+            is_damaged = try_call(lambda: format_duration < duration // 2)
+            if is_damaged:
+                self.report_warning(
+                    'Some formats are possibly damaged. They will be deprioritized', video_id, only_once=True)
+
+            po_token = fmt.get(STREAMING_DATA_INITIAL_PO_TOKEN)
+
+            if po_token:
+                fmt_url = update_url_query(fmt_url, {'pot': po_token})
+
+            # Clients that require PO Token return videoplayback URLs that may return 403
+            require_po_token = (
+                not po_token
+                and _PoTokenContext.GVS in self._get_default_ytcfg(client_name)['PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS']
+                and itag not in ['18'])  # these formats do not require PO Token
+
+            if require_po_token and 'missing_pot' not in self._configuration_arg('formats'):
+                self._report_pot_format_skipped(video_id, client_name, 'https')
+                continue
+
+            name = fmt.get('qualityLabel') or quality.replace('audio_quality_', '') or ''
+            fps = int_or_none(fmt.get('fps')) or 0
+            dct = {
+                'asr': int_or_none(fmt.get('audioSampleRate')),
+                'filesize': int_or_none(fmt.get('contentLength')),
+                'format_id': f'{itag}{"-drc" if fmt.get("isDrc") else ""}',
+                'format_note': join_nonempty(
+                    join_nonempty(display_name, is_default and ' (default)', delim=''),
+                    name, fmt.get('isDrc') and 'DRC',
+                    try_get(fmt, lambda x: x['projectionType'].replace('RECTANGULAR', '').lower()),
+                    try_get(fmt, lambda x: x['spatialAudioType'].replace('SPATIAL_AUDIO_TYPE_', '').lower()),
+                    is_damaged and 'DAMAGED', require_po_token and 'MISSING POT',
+                    (self.get_param('verbose') or all_formats) and short_client_name(client_name),
+                    delim=', '),
+                # Format 22 is likely to be damaged. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/3372
+                'source_preference': (-5 if itag == '22' else -1) + (100 if 'Premium' in name else 0),
+                'fps': fps if fps > 1 else None,  # For some formats, fps is wrongly returned as 1
+                'audio_channels': fmt.get('audioChannels'),
+                'height': height,
+                'quality': q(quality) - bool(fmt.get('isDrc')) / 2,
+                'has_drm': has_drm,
+                'tbr': tbr,
+                'filesize_approx': filesize_from_tbr(tbr, format_duration),
+                'url': fmt_url,
+                'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
+                'language': join_nonempty(language_code, 'desc' if is_descriptive else '') or None,
+                'language_preference': PREFERRED_LANG_VALUE if is_original else 5 if is_default else -10 if is_descriptive else -1,
+                # Strictly de-prioritize broken, damaged and 3gp formats
+                'preference': -20 if require_po_token else -10 if is_damaged else -2 if itag == '17' else None,
+            }
+            mime_mobj = re.match(
+                r'((?:[^/]+)/(?:[^;]+))(?:;\s*codecs="([^"]+)")?', fmt.get('mimeType') or '')
+            if mime_mobj:
+                dct['ext'] = mimetype2ext(mime_mobj.group(1))
+                dct.update(parse_codecs(mime_mobj.group(2)))
+            if itag:
+                itags[itag].add(('https', dct.get('language')))
+                stream_ids.append(stream_id)
+            single_stream = 'none' in (dct.get('acodec'), dct.get('vcodec'))
+            if single_stream and dct.get('ext'):
+                dct['container'] = dct['ext'] + '_dash'
+
+            if (all_formats or 'dashy' in format_types) and dct['filesize']:
+                yield {
+                    **dct,
+                    'format_id': f'{dct["format_id"]}-dashy' if all_formats else dct['format_id'],
+                    'protocol': 'http_dash_segments',
+                    'fragments': build_fragments(dct),
+                }
+            if all_formats or 'dashy' not in format_types:
+                dct['downloader_options'] = {'http_chunk_size': CHUNK_SIZE}
+                yield dct
+
+        needs_live_processing = self._needs_live_processing(live_status, duration)
+        skip_bad_formats = 'incomplete' not in format_types
+        if self._configuration_arg('include_incomplete_formats'):
+            skip_bad_formats = False
+            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] include_incomplete_formats extractor argument is deprecated. '
+                                                'Use formats=incomplete extractor argument instead')
+
+        skip_manifests = set(self._configuration_arg('skip'))
+        if (not self.get_param('youtube_include_hls_manifest', True)
+                or needs_live_processing == 'is_live'  # These will be filtered out by YoutubeDL anyway
+                or (needs_live_processing and skip_bad_formats)):
+            skip_manifests.add('hls')
+
+        if not self.get_param('youtube_include_dash_manifest', True):
+            skip_manifests.add('dash')
+        if self._configuration_arg('include_live_dash'):
+            self._downloader.deprecated_feature('[youtube] include_live_dash extractor argument is deprecated. '
+                                                'Use formats=incomplete extractor argument instead')
+        elif skip_bad_formats and live_status == 'is_live' and needs_live_processing != 'is_live':
+            skip_manifests.add('dash')
+
+        def process_manifest_format(f, proto, client_name, itag, po_token):
+            key = (proto, f.get('language'))
+            if not all_formats and key in itags[itag]:
+                return False
+
+            if f.get('source_preference') is None:
+                f['source_preference'] = -1
+
+            # Clients that require PO Token return videoplayback URLs that may return 403
+            # hls does not currently require PO Token
+            if (
+                not po_token
+                and _PoTokenContext.GVS in self._get_default_ytcfg(client_name)['PO_TOKEN_REQUIRED_CONTEXTS']
+                and proto != 'hls'
+            ):
+                if 'missing_pot' not in self._configuration_arg('formats'):
+                    self._report_pot_format_skipped(video_id, client_name, proto)
+                    return False
+                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), 'MISSING POT', delim=' ')
+                f['source_preference'] -= 20
+
+            itags[itag].add(key)
+
+            if itag and all_formats:
+                f['format_id'] = f'{itag}-{proto}'
+            elif any(p != proto for p, _ in itags[itag]):
+                f['format_id'] = f'{itag}-{proto}'
+            elif itag:
+                f['format_id'] = itag
+
+            if original_language and f.get('language') == original_language:
+                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), '(default)', delim=' ')
+                f['language_preference'] = PREFERRED_LANG_VALUE
+
+            if itag in ('616', '235'):
+                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(f.get('format_note'), 'Premium', delim=' ')
+                f['source_preference'] += 100
+
+            f['quality'] = q(itag_qualities.get(try_get(f, lambda f: f['format_id'].split('-')[0]), -1))
+            if f['quality'] == -1 and f.get('height'):
+                f['quality'] = q(res_qualities[min(res_qualities, key=lambda x: abs(x - f['height']))])
+            if self.get_param('verbose') or all_formats:
+                f['format_note'] = join_nonempty(
+                    f.get('format_note'), short_client_name(client_name), delim=', ')
+            if f.get('fps') and f['fps'] <= 1:
+                del f['fps']
+
+            if proto == 'hls' and f.get('has_drm'):
+                f['has_drm'] = 'maybe'
+                f['source_preference'] -= 5
+            return True
+
+        subtitles = {}
+        for sd in streaming_data:
+            client_name = sd[STREAMING_DATA_CLIENT_NAME]
+            po_token = sd.get(STREAMING_DATA_INITIAL_PO_TOKEN)
+            hls_manifest_url = 'hls' not in skip_manifests and sd.get('hlsManifestUrl')
+            if hls_manifest_url:
+                if po_token:
+                    hls_manifest_url = hls_manifest_url.rstrip('/') + f'/pot/{po_token}'
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    hls_manifest_url, video_id, 'mp4', fatal=False, live=live_status == 'is_live')
+                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)
+                for f in fmts:
+                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'hls', client_name, self._search_regex(
+                            r'/itag/(\d+)', f['url'], 'itag', default=None), po_token):
+                        yield f
+
+            dash_manifest_url = 'dash' not in skip_manifests and sd.get('dashManifestUrl')
+            if dash_manifest_url:
+                if po_token:
+                    dash_manifest_url = dash_manifest_url.rstrip('/') + f'/pot/{po_token}'
+                formats, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(dash_manifest_url, video_id, fatal=False)
+                subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subs, subtitles)  # Prioritize HLS subs over DASH
+                for f in formats:
+                    if process_manifest_format(f, 'dash', client_name, f['format_id'], po_token):
+                        f['filesize'] = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
+                            r'/clen/(\d+)', f.get('fragment_base_url') or f['url'], 'file size', default=None))
+                        if needs_live_processing:
+                            f['is_from_start'] = True
+
+                        yield f
+        yield subtitles
+
+    def _extract_storyboard(self, player_responses, duration):
+        spec = get_first(
+            player_responses, ('storyboards', 'playerStoryboardSpecRenderer', 'spec'), default='').split('|')[::-1]
+        base_url = url_or_none(urljoin('https://i.ytimg.com/', spec.pop() or None))
+        if not base_url:
+            return
+        L = len(spec) - 1
+        for i, args in enumerate(spec):
+            args = args.split('#')
+            counts = list(map(int_or_none, args[:5]))
+            if len(args) != 8 or not all(counts):
+                self.report_warning(f'Malformed storyboard {i}: {"#".join(args)}{bug_reports_message()}')
+                continue
+            width, height, frame_count, cols, rows = counts
+            N, sigh = args[6:]
+
+            url = base_url.replace('$L', str(L - i)).replace('$N', N) + f'&sigh={sigh}'
+            fragment_count = frame_count / (cols * rows)
+            fragment_duration = duration / fragment_count
+            yield {
+                'format_id': f'sb{i}',
+                'format_note': 'storyboard',
+                'ext': 'mhtml',
+                'protocol': 'mhtml',
+                'acodec': 'none',
+                'vcodec': 'none',
+                'url': url,
+                'width': width,
+                'height': height,
+                'fps': frame_count / duration,
+                'rows': rows,
+                'columns': cols,
+                'fragments': [{
+                    'url': url.replace('$M', str(j)),
+                    'duration': min(fragment_duration, duration - (j * fragment_duration)),
+                } for j in range(math.ceil(fragment_count))],
+            }
+
+    def _download_player_responses(self, url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url):
+        webpage = None
+        if 'webpage' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
+            query = {'bpctr': '9999999999', 'has_verified': '1'}
+            pp = self._configuration_arg('player_params', [None], casesense=True)[0]
+            if pp:
+                query['pp'] = pp
+            webpage = self._download_webpage_with_retries(webpage_url, video_id, query=query)
+
+        master_ytcfg = self.extract_ytcfg(video_id, webpage) or self._get_default_ytcfg()
+
+        player_responses, player_url = self._extract_player_responses(
+            self._get_requested_clients(url, smuggled_data),
+            video_id, webpage, master_ytcfg, smuggled_data)
+
+        return webpage, master_ytcfg, player_responses, player_url
+
+    def _list_formats(self, video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses, player_url, duration=None):
+        live_broadcast_details = traverse_obj(microformats, (..., 'liveBroadcastDetails'))
+        is_live = get_first(video_details, 'isLive')
+        if is_live is None:
+            is_live = get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'isLiveNow')
+        live_content = get_first(video_details, 'isLiveContent')
+        is_upcoming = get_first(video_details, 'isUpcoming')
+        post_live = get_first(video_details, 'isPostLiveDvr')
+        live_status = ('post_live' if post_live
+                       else 'is_live' if is_live
+                       else 'is_upcoming' if is_upcoming
+                       else 'was_live' if live_content
+                       else 'not_live' if False in (is_live, live_content)
+                       else None)
+        streaming_data = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'streamingData'))
+        *formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(streaming_data, video_id, player_url, live_status, duration)
+        if all(f.get('has_drm') for f in formats):
+            # If there are no formats that definitely don't have DRM, all have DRM
+            for f in formats:
+                f['has_drm'] = True
+
+        return live_broadcast_details, live_status, streaming_data, formats, subtitles
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        base_url = self.http_scheme() + '//www.youtube.com/'
+        webpage_url = base_url + 'watch?v=' + video_id
+
+        webpage, master_ytcfg, player_responses, player_url = self._download_player_responses(url, smuggled_data, video_id, webpage_url)
+
+        playability_statuses = traverse_obj(
+            player_responses, (..., 'playabilityStatus'), expected_type=dict)
+
+        trailer_video_id = get_first(
+            playability_statuses,
+            ('errorScreen', 'playerLegacyDesktopYpcTrailerRenderer', 'trailerVideoId'),
+            expected_type=str)
+        if trailer_video_id:
+            return self.url_result(
+                trailer_video_id, self.ie_key(), trailer_video_id)
+
+        search_meta = ((lambda x: self._html_search_meta(x, webpage, default=None))
+                       if webpage else (lambda x: None))
+
+        video_details = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'videoDetails'), expected_type=dict)
+        microformats = traverse_obj(
+            player_responses, (..., 'microformat', 'playerMicroformatRenderer'),
+            expected_type=dict)
+
+        translated_title = self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'title'))
+        video_title = ((self._preferred_lang and translated_title)
+                       or get_first(video_details, 'title')  # primary
+                       or translated_title
+                       or search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title', 'title']))
+        translated_description = self._get_text(microformats, (..., 'description'))
+        original_description = get_first(video_details, 'shortDescription')
+        video_description = (
+            (self._preferred_lang and translated_description)
+            # If original description is blank, it will be an empty string.
+            # Do not prefer translated description in this case.
+            or original_description if original_description is not None else translated_description)
+
+        multifeed_metadata_list = get_first(
+            player_responses,
+            ('multicamera', 'playerLegacyMulticameraRenderer', 'metadataList'),
+            expected_type=str)
+        if multifeed_metadata_list and not smuggled_data.get('force_singlefeed'):
+            if self.get_param('noplaylist'):
+                self.to_screen(f'Downloading just video {video_id} because of --no-playlist')
+            else:
+                entries = []
+                feed_ids = []
+                for feed in multifeed_metadata_list.split(','):
+                    # Unquote should take place before split on comma (,) since textual
+                    # fields may contain comma as well (see
+                    # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/8536)
+                    feed_data = urllib.parse.parse_qs(
+                        urllib.parse.unquote_plus(feed))
+
+                    def feed_entry(name):
+                        return try_get(
+                            feed_data, lambda x: x[name][0], str)
+
+                    feed_id = feed_entry('id')
+                    if not feed_id:
+                        continue
+                    feed_title = feed_entry('title')
+                    title = video_title
+                    if feed_title:
+                        title += f' ({feed_title})'
+                    entries.append({
+                        '_type': 'url_transparent',
+                        'ie_key': 'Youtube',
+                        'url': smuggle_url(
+                            '{}watch?v={}'.format(base_url, feed_data['id'][0]),
+                            {'force_singlefeed': True}),
+                        'title': title,
+                    })
+                    feed_ids.append(feed_id)
+                self.to_screen(
+                    'Downloading multifeed video ({}) - add --no-playlist to just download video {}'.format(
+                        ', '.join(feed_ids), video_id))
+                return self.playlist_result(
+                    entries, video_id, video_title, video_description)
+
+        duration = (int_or_none(get_first(video_details, 'lengthSeconds'))
+                    or int_or_none(get_first(microformats, 'lengthSeconds'))
+                    or parse_duration(search_meta('duration')) or None)
+
+        live_broadcast_details, live_status, streaming_data, formats, automatic_captions = \
+            self._list_formats(video_id, microformats, video_details, player_responses, player_url, duration)
+        if live_status == 'post_live':
+            self.write_debug(f'{video_id}: Video is in Post-Live Manifestless mode')
+
+        if not formats:
+            if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats') and traverse_obj(streaming_data, (..., 'licenseInfos')):
+                self.report_drm(video_id)
+            pemr = get_first(
+                playability_statuses,
+                ('errorScreen', 'playerErrorMessageRenderer'), expected_type=dict) or {}
+            reason = self._get_text(pemr, 'reason') or get_first(playability_statuses, 'reason')
+            subreason = clean_html(self._get_text(pemr, 'subreason') or '')
+            if subreason:
+                if subreason == 'The uploader has not made this video available in your country.':
+                    countries = get_first(microformats, 'availableCountries')
+                    if not countries:
+                        regions_allowed = search_meta('regionsAllowed')
+                        countries = regions_allowed.split(',') if regions_allowed else None
+                    self.raise_geo_restricted(subreason, countries, metadata_available=True)
+                reason += f'. {subreason}'
+            if reason:
+                if 'sign in' in reason.lower():
+                    reason = remove_end(reason, 'This helps protect our community. Learn more')
+                    reason = f'{remove_end(reason.strip(), ".")}. {self._youtube_login_hint}'
+                self.raise_no_formats(reason, expected=True)
+
+        keywords = get_first(video_details, 'keywords', expected_type=list) or []
+        if not keywords and webpage:
+            keywords = [
+                unescapeHTML(m.group('content'))
+                for m in re.finditer(self._meta_regex('og:video:tag'), webpage)]
+        for keyword in keywords:
+            if keyword.startswith('yt:stretch='):
+                mobj = re.search(r'(\d+)\s*:\s*(\d+)', keyword)
+                if mobj:
+                    # NB: float is intentional for forcing float division
+                    w, h = (float(v) for v in mobj.groups())
+                    if w > 0 and h > 0:
+                        ratio = w / h
+                        for f in formats:
+                            if f.get('vcodec') != 'none':
+                                f['stretched_ratio'] = ratio
+                        break
+        thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails((video_details, microformats), (..., ..., 'thumbnail'))
+        thumbnail_url = search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'])
+        if thumbnail_url:
+            thumbnails.append({
+                'url': thumbnail_url,
+            })
+        original_thumbnails = thumbnails.copy()
+
+        # The best resolution thumbnails sometimes does not appear in the webpage
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/340
+        # List of possible thumbnails - Ref: <https://stackoverflow.com/a/20542029>
+        thumbnail_names = [
+            # While the *1,*2,*3 thumbnails are just below their corresponding "*default" variants
+            # in resolution, these are not the custom thumbnail. So de-prioritize them
+            'maxresdefault', 'hq720', 'sddefault', 'hqdefault', '0', 'mqdefault', 'default',
+            'sd1', 'sd2', 'sd3', 'hq1', 'hq2', 'hq3', 'mq1', 'mq2', 'mq3', '1', '2', '3',
+        ]
+        n_thumbnail_names = len(thumbnail_names)
+        thumbnails.extend({
+            'url': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi{webp}/{video_id}/{name}{live}.{ext}'.format(
+                video_id=video_id, name=name, ext=ext,
+                webp='_webp' if ext == 'webp' else '', live='_live' if live_status == 'is_live' else ''),
+        } for name in thumbnail_names for ext in ('webp', 'jpg'))
+        for thumb in thumbnails:
+            i = next((i for i, t in enumerate(thumbnail_names) if f'/{video_id}/{t}' in thumb['url']), n_thumbnail_names)
+            thumb['preference'] = (0 if '.webp' in thumb['url'] else -1) - (2 * i)
+        self._remove_duplicate_formats(thumbnails)
+        self._downloader._sort_thumbnails(original_thumbnails)
+
+        category = get_first(microformats, 'category') or search_meta('genre')
+        channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(str_or_none(
+            get_first(video_details, 'channelId')
+            or get_first(microformats, 'externalChannelId')
+            or search_meta('channelId')))
+        owner_profile_url = get_first(microformats, 'ownerProfileUrl')
+
+        live_start_time = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'startTimestamp'))
+        live_end_time = parse_iso8601(get_first(live_broadcast_details, 'endTimestamp'))
+        if not duration and live_end_time and live_start_time:
+            duration = live_end_time - live_start_time
+
+        needs_live_processing = self._needs_live_processing(live_status, duration)
+
+        def is_bad_format(fmt):
+            if needs_live_processing and not fmt.get('is_from_start'):
+                return True
+            elif (live_status == 'is_live' and needs_live_processing != 'is_live'
+                    and fmt.get('protocol') == 'http_dash_segments'):
+                return True
+
+        for fmt in filter(is_bad_format, formats):
+            fmt['preference'] = (fmt.get('preference') or -1) - 10
+            fmt['format_note'] = join_nonempty(fmt.get('format_note'), '(Last 2 hours)', delim=' ')
+
+        if needs_live_processing:
+            self._prepare_live_from_start_formats(
+                formats, video_id, live_start_time, url, webpage_url, smuggled_data, live_status == 'is_live')
+
+        formats.extend(self._extract_storyboard(player_responses, duration))
+
+        channel_handle = self.handle_from_url(owner_profile_url)
+
+        info = {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'title': video_title,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+            # The best thumbnail that we are sure exists. Prevents unnecessary
+            # URL checking if user don't care about getting the best possible thumbnail
+            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(original_thumbnails, (-1, 'url')),
+            'description': video_description,
+            'channel_id': channel_id,
+            'channel_url': format_field(channel_id, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/%s', default=None),
+            'duration': duration,
+            'view_count': int_or_none(
+                get_first((video_details, microformats), (..., 'viewCount'))
+                or search_meta('interactionCount')),
+            'average_rating': float_or_none(get_first(video_details, 'averageRating')),
+            'age_limit': 18 if (
+                get_first(microformats, 'isFamilySafe') is False
+                or search_meta('isFamilyFriendly') == 'false'
+                or search_meta('og:restrictions:age') == '18+') else 0,
+            'webpage_url': webpage_url,
+            'categories': [category] if category else None,
+            'tags': keywords,
+            'playable_in_embed': get_first(playability_statuses, 'playableInEmbed'),
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            'media_type': 'livestream' if get_first(video_details, 'isLiveContent') else None,
+            'release_timestamp': live_start_time,
+            '_format_sort_fields': (  # source_preference is lower for potentially damaged formats
+                'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang', 'proto'),
+        }
+
+        subtitles = {}
+        pctr = traverse_obj(player_responses, (..., 'captions', 'playerCaptionsTracklistRenderer'), expected_type=dict)
+        if pctr:
+            def get_lang_code(track):
+                return (remove_start(track.get('vssId') or '', '.').replace('.', '-')
+                        or track.get('languageCode'))
+
+            # Converted into dicts to remove duplicates
+            captions = {
+                get_lang_code(sub): sub
+                for sub in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'captionTracks', ...))}
+            translation_languages = {
+                lang.get('languageCode'): self._get_text(lang.get('languageName'), max_runs=1)
+                for lang in traverse_obj(pctr, (..., 'translationLanguages', ...))}
+
+            def process_language(container, base_url, lang_code, sub_name, query):
+                lang_subs = container.setdefault(lang_code, [])
+                for fmt in self._SUBTITLE_FORMATS:
+                    query.update({
+                        'fmt': fmt,
+                    })
+                    lang_subs.append({
+                        'ext': fmt,
+                        'url': urljoin('https://www.youtube.com', update_url_query(base_url, query)),
+                        'name': sub_name,
+                    })
+
+            # NB: Constructing the full subtitle dictionary is slow
+            get_translated_subs = 'translated_subs' not in self._configuration_arg('skip') and (
+                self.get_param('writeautomaticsub', False) or self.get_param('listsubtitles'))
+            for lang_code, caption_track in captions.items():
+                base_url = caption_track.get('baseUrl')
+                orig_lang = parse_qs(base_url).get('lang', [None])[-1]
+                if not base_url:
+                    continue
+                lang_name = self._get_text(caption_track, 'name', max_runs=1)
+                if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr':
+                    if not lang_code:
+                        continue
+                    process_language(
+                        subtitles, base_url, lang_code, lang_name, {})
+                    if not caption_track.get('isTranslatable'):
+                        continue
+                for trans_code, trans_name in translation_languages.items():
+                    if not trans_code:
+                        continue
+                    orig_trans_code = trans_code
+                    if caption_track.get('kind') != 'asr' and trans_code != 'und':
+                        if not get_translated_subs:
+                            continue
+                        trans_code += f'-{lang_code}'
+                        trans_name += format_field(lang_name, None, ' from %s')
+                    if lang_code == f'a-{orig_trans_code}':
+                        # Set audio language based on original subtitles
+                        for f in formats:
+                            if f.get('acodec') != 'none' and not f.get('language'):
+                                f['language'] = orig_trans_code
+                        # Add an "-orig" label to the original language so that it can be distinguished.
+                        # The subs are returned without "-orig" as well for compatibility
+                        process_language(
+                            automatic_captions, base_url, f'{trans_code}-orig', f'{trans_name} (Original)', {})
+                    # Setting tlang=lang returns damaged subtitles.
+                    process_language(automatic_captions, base_url, trans_code, trans_name,
+                                     {} if orig_lang == orig_trans_code else {'tlang': trans_code})
+
+        info['automatic_captions'] = automatic_captions
+        info['subtitles'] = subtitles
+
+        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
+        for component in [parsed_url.fragment, parsed_url.query]:
+            query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(component)
+            for k, v in query.items():
+                for d_k, s_ks in [('start', ('start', 't')), ('end', ('end',))]:
+                    d_k += '_time'
+                    if d_k not in info and k in s_ks:
+                        info[d_k] = parse_duration(v[0])
+
+        # Youtube Music Auto-generated description
+        if (video_description or '').strip().endswith('\nAuto-generated by YouTube.'):
+            # XXX: Causes catastrophic backtracking if description has "·"
+            # E.g. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoPaAxMQoiI
+            # Simulating atomic groups:  (?P<a>[^xy]+)x  =>  (?=(?P<a>[^xy]+))(?P=a)x
+            # reduces it, but does not fully fix it. https://regex101.com/r/8Ssf2h/2
+            mobj = re.search(
+                r'''(?xs)
+                    (?=(?P<track>[^\n·]+))(?P=track)·
+                    (?=(?P<artist>[^\n]+))(?P=artist)\n+
+                    (?=(?P<album>[^\n]+))(?P=album)\n
+                    (?:.+?℗\s*(?P<release_year>\d{4})(?!\d))?
+                    (?:.+?Released\ on\s*:\s*(?P<release_date>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}))?
+                    (.+?\nArtist\s*:\s*
+                        (?=(?P<clean_artist>[^\n]+))(?P=clean_artist)\n
+                    )?.+\nAuto-generated\ by\ YouTube\.\s*$
+                ''', video_description)
+            if mobj:
+                release_year = mobj.group('release_year')
+                release_date = mobj.group('release_date')
+                if release_date:
+                    release_date = release_date.replace('-', '')
+                    if not release_year:
+                        release_year = release_date[:4]
+                info.update({
+                    'album': mobj.group('album'.strip()),
+                    'artists': ([a] if (a := mobj.group('clean_artist'))
+                                else [a.strip() for a in mobj.group('artist').split('·')]),
+                    'track': mobj.group('track').strip(),
+                    'release_date': release_date,
+                    'release_year': int_or_none(release_year),
+                })
+
+        initial_data = None
+        if webpage:
+            initial_data = self.extract_yt_initial_data(video_id, webpage, fatal=False)
+            if not traverse_obj(initial_data, 'contents'):
+                self.report_warning('Incomplete data received in embedded initial data; re-fetching using API.')
+                initial_data = None
+        if not initial_data:
+            query = {'videoId': video_id}
+            query.update(self._get_checkok_params())
+            initial_data = self._extract_response(
+                item_id=video_id, ep='next', fatal=False,
+                ytcfg=master_ytcfg, query=query, check_get_keys='contents',
+                headers=self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=master_ytcfg),
+                note='Downloading initial data API JSON')
+
+        COMMENTS_SECTION_IDS = ('comment-item-section', 'engagement-panel-comments-section')
+        info['comment_count'] = traverse_obj(initial_data, (
+            'contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'results', 'results', 'contents', ..., 'itemSectionRenderer',
+            'contents', ..., 'commentsEntryPointHeaderRenderer', 'commentCount',
+        ), (
+            'engagementPanels', lambda _, v: v['engagementPanelSectionListRenderer']['panelIdentifier'] in COMMENTS_SECTION_IDS,
+            'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'header', 'engagementPanelTitleHeaderRenderer', 'contextualInfo',
+        ), expected_type=self._get_count, get_all=False)
+
+        try:  # This will error if there is no livechat
+            initial_data['contents']['twoColumnWatchNextResults']['conversationBar']['liveChatRenderer']['continuations'][0]['reloadContinuationData']['continuation']
+        except (KeyError, IndexError, TypeError):
+            pass
+        else:
+            info.setdefault('subtitles', {})['live_chat'] = [{
+                # url is needed to set cookies
+                'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}&bpctr=9999999999&has_verified=1',
+                'video_id': video_id,
+                'ext': 'json',
+                'protocol': ('youtube_live_chat' if live_status in ('is_live', 'is_upcoming')
+                             else 'youtube_live_chat_replay'),
+            }]
+
+        if initial_data:
+            info['chapters'] = (
+                self._extract_chapters_from_json(initial_data, duration)
+                or self._extract_chapters_from_engagement_panel(initial_data, duration)
+                or self._extract_chapters_from_description(video_description, duration)
+                or None)
+
+            info['heatmap'] = self._extract_heatmap(initial_data)
+
+        contents = traverse_obj(
+            initial_data, ('contents', 'twoColumnWatchNextResults', 'results', 'results', 'contents'),
+            expected_type=list, default=[])
+
+        vpir = get_first(contents, 'videoPrimaryInfoRenderer')
+        if vpir:
+            stl = vpir.get('superTitleLink')
+            if stl:
+                stl = self._get_text(stl)
+                if try_get(
+                        vpir,
+                        lambda x: x['superTitleIcon']['iconType']) == 'LOCATION_PIN':
+                    info['location'] = stl
+                else:
+                    mobj = re.search(r'(.+?)\s*S(\d+)\s*•?\s*E(\d+)', stl)
+                    if mobj:
+                        info.update({
+                            'series': mobj.group(1),
+                            'season_number': int(mobj.group(2)),
+                            'episode_number': int(mobj.group(3)),
+                        })
+            for tlb in (try_get(
+                    vpir,
+                    lambda x: x['videoActions']['menuRenderer']['topLevelButtons'],
+                    list) or []):
+                tbrs = variadic(
+                    traverse_obj(
+                        tlb, ('toggleButtonRenderer', ...),
+                        ('segmentedLikeDislikeButtonRenderer', ..., 'toggleButtonRenderer')))
+                for tbr in tbrs:
+                    for getter, regex in [(
+                            lambda x: x['defaultText']['accessibility']['accessibilityData'],
+                            r'(?P<count>[\d,]+)\s*(?P<type>(?:dis)?like)'), ([
+                                lambda x: x['accessibility'],
+                                lambda x: x['accessibilityData']['accessibilityData'],
+                            ], r'(?P<type>(?:dis)?like) this video along with (?P<count>[\d,]+) other people')]:
+                        label = (try_get(tbr, getter, dict) or {}).get('label')
+                        if label:
+                            mobj = re.match(regex, label)
+                            if mobj:
+                                info[mobj.group('type') + '_count'] = str_to_int(mobj.group('count'))
+                                break
+
+            info['like_count'] = traverse_obj(vpir, (
+                'videoActions', 'menuRenderer', 'topLevelButtons', ...,
+                'segmentedLikeDislikeButtonViewModel', 'likeButtonViewModel', 'likeButtonViewModel',
+                'toggleButtonViewModel', 'toggleButtonViewModel', 'defaultButtonViewModel',
+                'buttonViewModel', 'accessibilityText', {parse_count}), get_all=False)
+
+            vcr = traverse_obj(vpir, ('viewCount', 'videoViewCountRenderer'))
+            if vcr:
+                vc = self._get_count(vcr, 'viewCount')
+                # Upcoming premieres with waiting count are treated as live here
+                if vcr.get('isLive'):
+                    info['concurrent_view_count'] = vc
+                elif info.get('view_count') is None:
+                    info['view_count'] = vc
+
+        vsir = get_first(contents, 'videoSecondaryInfoRenderer')
+        if vsir:
+            vor = traverse_obj(vsir, ('owner', 'videoOwnerRenderer'))
+            info.update({
+                'channel': self._get_text(vor, 'title'),
+                'channel_follower_count': self._get_count(vor, 'subscriberCountText')})
+
+            if not channel_handle:
+                channel_handle = self.handle_from_url(
+                    traverse_obj(vor, (
+                        ('navigationEndpoint', ('title', 'runs', ..., 'navigationEndpoint')),
+                        (('commandMetadata', 'webCommandMetadata', 'url'), ('browseEndpoint', 'canonicalBaseUrl')),
+                        {str}), get_all=False))
+
+            rows = try_get(
+                vsir,
+                lambda x: x['metadataRowContainer']['metadataRowContainerRenderer']['rows'],
+                list) or []
+            multiple_songs = False
+            for row in rows:
+                if try_get(row, lambda x: x['metadataRowRenderer']['hasDividerLine']) is True:
+                    multiple_songs = True
+                    break
+            for row in rows:
+                mrr = row.get('metadataRowRenderer') or {}
+                mrr_title = mrr.get('title')
+                if not mrr_title:
+                    continue
+                mrr_title = self._get_text(mrr, 'title')
+                mrr_contents_text = self._get_text(mrr, ('contents', 0))
+                if mrr_title == 'License':
+                    info['license'] = mrr_contents_text
+                elif not multiple_songs:
+                    if mrr_title == 'Album':
+                        info['album'] = mrr_contents_text
+                    elif mrr_title == 'Artist':
+                        info['artists'] = [mrr_contents_text] if mrr_contents_text else None
+                    elif mrr_title == 'Song':
+                        info['track'] = mrr_contents_text
+            owner_badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(vsir, ('owner', 'videoOwnerRenderer', 'badges')))
+            if self._has_badge(owner_badges, BadgeType.VERIFIED):
+                info['channel_is_verified'] = True
+
+        info.update({
+            'uploader': info.get('channel'),
+            'uploader_id': channel_handle,
+            'uploader_url': format_field(channel_handle, None, 'https://www.youtube.com/%s', default=None),
+        })
+
+        # We only want timestamp IF it has time precision AND a timezone
+        # Currently the uploadDate in microformats appears to be in US/Pacific timezone.
+        timestamp = (
+            parse_iso8601(get_first(microformats, 'uploadDate'), timezone=NO_DEFAULT)
+            or parse_iso8601(search_meta('uploadDate'), timezone=NO_DEFAULT)
+        )
+        upload_date = (
+            dt.datetime.fromtimestamp(timestamp, dt.timezone.utc).strftime('%Y%m%d') if timestamp else
+            (
+                unified_strdate(get_first(microformats, 'uploadDate'))
+                or unified_strdate(search_meta('uploadDate'))
+            ))
+
+        # In the case we cannot get the timestamp:
+        # The upload date for scheduled, live and past live streams / premieres in microformats
+        # may be different from the stream date. Although not in UTC, we will prefer it in this case.
+        # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/2223#issuecomment-1008485139
+        if not upload_date or (not timestamp and live_status in ('not_live', None)):
+            # this should be in UTC, as configured in the cookie/client context
+            upload_date = strftime_or_none(
+                self._parse_time_text(self._get_text(vpir, 'dateText'))) or upload_date
+
+        info['upload_date'] = upload_date
+        info['timestamp'] = timestamp
+
+        if upload_date and live_status not in ('is_live', 'post_live', 'is_upcoming'):
+            # Newly uploaded videos' HLS formats are potentially problematic and need to be checked
+            upload_datetime = datetime_from_str(upload_date).replace(tzinfo=dt.timezone.utc)
+            if upload_datetime >= datetime_from_str('today-2days'):
+                for fmt in info['formats']:
+                    if fmt.get('protocol') == 'm3u8_native':
+                        fmt['__needs_testing'] = True
+
+        for s_k, d_k in [('artists', 'creators'), ('track', 'alt_title')]:
+            v = info.get(s_k)
+            if v:
+                info[d_k] = v
+
+        badges = self._extract_badges(traverse_obj(vpir, 'badges'))
+
+        is_private = (self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PRIVATE)
+                      or get_first(video_details, 'isPrivate', expected_type=bool))
+
+        info['availability'] = (
+            'public' if self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PUBLIC)
+            else self._availability(
+                is_private=is_private,
+                needs_premium=(
+                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_PREMIUM)
+                    or False if initial_data and is_private is not None else None),
+                needs_subscription=(
+                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_SUBSCRIPTION)
+                    or False if initial_data and is_private is not None else None),
+                needs_auth=info['age_limit'] >= 18,
+                is_unlisted=None if is_private is None else (
+                    self._has_badge(badges, BadgeType.AVAILABILITY_UNLISTED)
+                    or get_first(microformats, 'isUnlisted', expected_type=bool))))
+
+        info['__post_extractor'] = self.extract_comments(master_ytcfg, video_id, contents, webpage)
+
+        self.mark_watched(video_id, player_responses)
+
+        return info
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
index 4563b7ba0..13ce5de12 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zaiko.py
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
                 'uploader': ('profile', 'name', {str}),
                 'uploader_id': ('profile', 'id', {str_or_none}),
                 'release_timestamp': ('stream', 'start', 'timestamp', {int_or_none}),
-                'categories': ('event', 'genres', ..., {lambda x: x or None}),
+                'categories': ('event', 'genres', ..., filter),
             }),
             'alt_title': traverse_obj(initial_event_info, ('title', {str})),
             'thumbnails': [{'url': url, 'id': url_basename(url)} for url in thumbnail_urls if url_or_none(url)],
diff --git a/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py b/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py
index a862e25d0..4bef1017c 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@
     NO_DEFAULT,
     ExtractorError,
     determine_ext,
-    extract_attributes,
     float_or_none,
     int_or_none,
     join_nonempty,
@@ -25,6 +24,11 @@ class ZDFBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
     _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['DE']
     _QUALITIES = ('auto', 'low', 'med', 'high', 'veryhigh', 'hd', 'fhd', 'uhd')
 
+    def _download_v2_doc(self, document_id):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://zdf-prod-futura.zdf.de/mediathekV2/document/{document_id}',
+            document_id)
+
     def _call_api(self, url, video_id, item, api_token=None, referrer=None):
         headers = {}
         if api_token:
@@ -133,6 +137,116 @@ def _extract_player(self, webpage, video_id, fatal=True):
                 group='json'),
             video_id)
 
+    def _extract_entry(self, url, player, content, video_id):
+        title = content.get('title') or content['teaserHeadline']
+
+        t = content['mainVideoContent']['http://zdf.de/rels/target']
+        ptmd_path = traverse_obj(t, (
+            (('streams', 'default'), None),
+            ('http://zdf.de/rels/streams/ptmd', 'http://zdf.de/rels/streams/ptmd-template'),
+        ), get_all=False)
+        if not ptmd_path:
+            raise ExtractorError('Could not extract ptmd_path')
+
+        info = self._extract_ptmd(
+            urljoin(url, ptmd_path.replace('{playerId}', 'android_native_5')), video_id, player['apiToken'], url)
+
+        thumbnails = []
+        layouts = try_get(
+            content, lambda x: x['teaserImageRef']['layouts'], dict)
+        if layouts:
+            for layout_key, layout_url in layouts.items():
+                layout_url = url_or_none(layout_url)
+                if not layout_url:
+                    continue
+                thumbnail = {
+                    'url': layout_url,
+                    'format_id': layout_key,
+                }
+                mobj = re.search(r'(?P<width>\d+)x(?P<height>\d+)', layout_key)
+                if mobj:
+                    thumbnail.update({
+                        'width': int(mobj.group('width')),
+                        'height': int(mobj.group('height')),
+                    })
+                thumbnails.append(thumbnail)
+
+        chapter_marks = t.get('streamAnchorTag') or []
+        chapter_marks.append({'anchorOffset': int_or_none(t.get('duration'))})
+        chapters = [{
+            'start_time': chap.get('anchorOffset'),
+            'end_time': next_chap.get('anchorOffset'),
+            'title': chap.get('anchorLabel'),
+        } for chap, next_chap in zip(chapter_marks, chapter_marks[1:])]
+
+        return merge_dicts(info, {
+            'title': title,
+            'description': content.get('leadParagraph') or content.get('teasertext'),
+            'duration': int_or_none(t.get('duration')),
+            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(content.get('editorialDate')),
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+            'chapters': chapters or None,
+            'episode': title,
+            **traverse_obj(content, ('programmeItem', 0, 'http://zdf.de/rels/target', {
+                'series_id': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/series', 'seriesUuid', {str}),
+                'series': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/series', 'seriesTitle', {str}),
+                'season': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/season', 'seasonTitle', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/season', 'seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_id': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/season', 'seasonUuid', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_id': ('contentId', {str}),
+            })),
+        })
+
+    def _extract_regular(self, url, player, video_id, query=None):
+        player_url = player['content']
+
+        content = self._call_api(
+            update_url_query(player_url, query),
+            video_id, 'content', player['apiToken'], url)
+
+        return self._extract_entry(player_url, player, content, video_id)
+
+    def _extract_mobile(self, video_id):
+        video = self._download_v2_doc(video_id)
+
+        formats = []
+        formitaeten = try_get(video, lambda x: x['document']['formitaeten'], list)
+        document = formitaeten and video['document']
+        if formitaeten:
+            title = document['titel']
+            content_id = document['basename']
+
+            format_urls = set()
+            for f in formitaeten or []:
+                self._extract_format(content_id, formats, format_urls, f)
+
+        thumbnails = []
+        teaser_bild = document.get('teaserBild')
+        if isinstance(teaser_bild, dict):
+            for thumbnail_key, thumbnail in teaser_bild.items():
+                thumbnail_url = try_get(
+                    thumbnail, lambda x: x['url'], str)
+                if thumbnail_url:
+                    thumbnails.append({
+                        'url': thumbnail_url,
+                        'id': thumbnail_key,
+                        'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
+                        'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
+                    })
+
+        return {
+            'id': content_id,
+            'title': title,
+            'description': document.get('beschreibung'),
+            'duration': int_or_none(document.get('length')),
+            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(document.get('date')) or unified_timestamp(
+                try_get(video, lambda x: x['meta']['editorialDate'], str)),
+            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
+            'subtitles': self._extract_subtitles(document),
+            'formats': formats,
+        }
+
 
 class ZDFIE(ZDFBaseIE):
     _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.zdf\.de/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)\.html'
@@ -183,12 +297,20 @@ class ZDFIE(ZDFBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': '151025_magie_farben2_tex',
             'ext': 'mp4',
+            'duration': 2615.0,
             'title': 'Die Magie der Farben (2/2)',
             'description': 'md5:a89da10c928c6235401066b60a6d5c1a',
-            'duration': 2615,
             'timestamp': 1465021200,
-            'upload_date': '20160604',
             'thumbnail': 'https://www.zdf.de/assets/mauve-im-labor-100~768x432?cb=1464909117806',
+            'upload_date': '20160604',
+            'episode': 'Die Magie der Farben (2/2)',
+            'episode_id': 'POS_954f4170-36a5-4a41-a6cf-78f1f3b1f127',
+            'season': 'Staffel 1',
+            'series': 'Die Magie der Farben',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'series_id': 'a39900dd-cdbd-4a6a-a413-44e8c6ae18bc',
+            'season_id': '5a92e619-8a0f-4410-a3d5-19c76fbebb37',
+            'episode_number': 2,
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.zdf.de/funk/druck-11790/funk-alles-ist-verzaubert-102.html',
@@ -196,12 +318,13 @@ class ZDFIE(ZDFBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'ext': 'mp4',
             'id': 'video_funk_1770473',
-            'duration': 1278,
-            'description': 'Die Neue an der Schule verdreht Ismail den Kopf.',
+            'duration': 1278.0,
             'title': 'Alles ist verzaubert',
+            'description': 'Die Neue an der Schule verdreht Ismail den Kopf.',
             'timestamp': 1635520560,
-            'upload_date': '20211029',
             'thumbnail': 'https://www.zdf.de/assets/teaser-funk-alles-ist-verzaubert-102~1920x1080?cb=1663848412907',
+            'upload_date': '20211029',
+            'episode': 'Alles ist verzaubert',
         },
     }, {
         # Same as https://www.phoenix.de/sendungen/dokumentationen/gesten-der-maechtigen-i-a-89468.html?ref=suche
@@ -244,123 +367,55 @@ class ZDFIE(ZDFBaseIE):
             'title': 'Das Geld anderer Leute',
             'description': 'md5:cb6f660850dc5eb7d1ab776ea094959d',
             'duration': 2581.0,
-            'timestamp': 1675160100,
-            'upload_date': '20230131',
+            'timestamp': 1728983700,
+            'upload_date': '20241015',
             'thumbnail': 'https://epg-image.zdf.de/fotobase-webdelivery/images/e2d7e55a-09f0-424e-ac73-6cac4dd65f35?layout=2400x1350',
+            'series': 'SOKO Stuttgart',
+            'series_id': 'f862ce9a-6dd1-4388-a698-22b36ac4c9e9',
+            'season': 'Staffel 11',
+            'season_number': 11,
+            'season_id': 'ae1b4990-6d87-4970-a571-caccf1ba2879',
+            'episode': 'Das Geld anderer Leute',
+            'episode_number': 10,
+            'episode_id': 'POS_7f367934-f2f0-45cb-9081-736781ff2d23',
         },
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.zdf.de/dokumentation/terra-x/unser-gruener-planet-wuesten-doku-100.html',
         'info_dict': {
-            'id': '220605_dk_gruener_planet_wuesten_tex',
+            'id': '220525_green_planet_makingof_1_tropen_tex',
             'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Unser grüner Planet - Wüsten',
-            'description': 'md5:4fc647b6f9c3796eea66f4a0baea2862',
-            'duration': 2613.0,
-            'timestamp': 1654450200,
-            'upload_date': '20220605',
-            'format_note': 'uhd, main',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.zdf.de/assets/saguaro-kakteen-102~3840x2160?cb=1655910690796',
+            'title': 'Making-of Unser grüner Planet - Tropen',
+            'description': 'md5:d7c6949dc7c75c73c4ad51c785fb0b79',
+            'duration': 435.0,
+            'timestamp': 1653811200,
+            'upload_date': '20220529',
+            'format_note': 'hd, main',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.zdf.de/assets/unser-gruener-planet-making-of-1-tropen-100~3840x2160?cb=1653493335577',
+            'episode': 'Making-of Unser grüner Planet - Tropen',
+        },
+        'skip': 'No longer available: "Leider kein Video verfügbar"',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.zdf.de/serien/northern-lights/begegnung-auf-der-bruecke-100.html',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '240319_2310_sendung_not',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Begegnung auf der Brücke',
+            'description': 'md5:e53a555da87447f7f1207f10353f8e45',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://epg-image.zdf.de/fotobase-webdelivery/images/c5ff1d1f-f5c8-4468-86ac-1b2f1dbecc76?layout=2400x1350',
+            'upload_date': '20250203',
+            'duration': 3083.0,
+            'timestamp': 1738546500,
+            'series_id': '1d7a1879-01ee-4468-8237-c6b4ecd633c7',
+            'series': 'Northern Lights',
+            'season': 'Staffel 1',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'season_id': '22ac26a2-4ea2-4055-ac0b-98b755cdf718',
+            'episode': 'Begegnung auf der Brücke',
+            'episode_number': 1,
+            'episode_id': 'POS_71049438-024b-471f-b472-4fe2e490d1fb',
         },
     }]
 
-    def _extract_entry(self, url, player, content, video_id):
-        title = content.get('title') or content['teaserHeadline']
-
-        t = content['mainVideoContent']['http://zdf.de/rels/target']
-        ptmd_path = traverse_obj(t, (
-            (('streams', 'default'), None),
-            ('http://zdf.de/rels/streams/ptmd', 'http://zdf.de/rels/streams/ptmd-template'),
-        ), get_all=False)
-        if not ptmd_path:
-            raise ExtractorError('Could not extract ptmd_path')
-
-        info = self._extract_ptmd(
-            urljoin(url, ptmd_path.replace('{playerId}', 'android_native_5')), video_id, player['apiToken'], url)
-
-        thumbnails = []
-        layouts = try_get(
-            content, lambda x: x['teaserImageRef']['layouts'], dict)
-        if layouts:
-            for layout_key, layout_url in layouts.items():
-                layout_url = url_or_none(layout_url)
-                if not layout_url:
-                    continue
-                thumbnail = {
-                    'url': layout_url,
-                    'format_id': layout_key,
-                }
-                mobj = re.search(r'(?P<width>\d+)x(?P<height>\d+)', layout_key)
-                if mobj:
-                    thumbnail.update({
-                        'width': int(mobj.group('width')),
-                        'height': int(mobj.group('height')),
-                    })
-                thumbnails.append(thumbnail)
-
-        chapter_marks = t.get('streamAnchorTag') or []
-        chapter_marks.append({'anchorOffset': int_or_none(t.get('duration'))})
-        chapters = [{
-            'start_time': chap.get('anchorOffset'),
-            'end_time': next_chap.get('anchorOffset'),
-            'title': chap.get('anchorLabel'),
-        } for chap, next_chap in zip(chapter_marks, chapter_marks[1:])]
-
-        return merge_dicts(info, {
-            'title': title,
-            'description': content.get('leadParagraph') or content.get('teasertext'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(t.get('duration')),
-            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(content.get('editorialDate')),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'chapters': chapters or None,
-        })
-
-    def _extract_regular(self, url, player, video_id):
-        content = self._call_api(
-            player['content'], video_id, 'content', player['apiToken'], url)
-        return self._extract_entry(player['content'], player, content, video_id)
-
-    def _extract_mobile(self, video_id):
-        video = self._download_json(
-            f'https://zdf-cdn.live.cellular.de/mediathekV2/document/{video_id}',
-            video_id)
-
-        formats = []
-        formitaeten = try_get(video, lambda x: x['document']['formitaeten'], list)
-        document = formitaeten and video['document']
-        if formitaeten:
-            title = document['titel']
-            content_id = document['basename']
-
-            format_urls = set()
-            for f in formitaeten or []:
-                self._extract_format(content_id, formats, format_urls, f)
-
-        thumbnails = []
-        teaser_bild = document.get('teaserBild')
-        if isinstance(teaser_bild, dict):
-            for thumbnail_key, thumbnail in teaser_bild.items():
-                thumbnail_url = try_get(
-                    thumbnail, lambda x: x['url'], str)
-                if thumbnail_url:
-                    thumbnails.append({
-                        'url': thumbnail_url,
-                        'id': thumbnail_key,
-                        'width': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('width')),
-                        'height': int_or_none(thumbnail.get('height')),
-                    })
-
-        return {
-            'id': content_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': document.get('beschreibung'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(document.get('length')),
-            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(document.get('date')) or unified_timestamp(
-                try_get(video, lambda x: x['meta']['editorialDate'], str)),
-            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'subtitles': self._extract_subtitles(document),
-            'formats': formats,
-        }
-
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         video_id = self._match_id(url)
 
@@ -368,13 +423,13 @@ def _real_extract(self, url):
         if webpage:
             player = self._extract_player(webpage, url, fatal=False)
             if player:
-                return self._extract_regular(url, player, video_id)
+                return self._extract_regular(url, player, video_id, query={'profile': 'player-3'})
 
         return self._extract_mobile(video_id)
 
 
 class ZDFChannelIE(ZDFBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.zdf\.de/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://www\.zdf\.de/(?:[^/?#]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
     _TESTS = [{
         'url': 'https://www.zdf.de/sport/das-aktuelle-sportstudio',
         'info_dict': {
@@ -387,18 +442,19 @@ class ZDFChannelIE(ZDFBaseIE):
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'planet-e',
             'title': 'planet e.',
+            'description': 'md5:87e3b9c66a63cf1407ee443d2c4eb88e',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 50,
     }, {
         'url': 'https://www.zdf.de/gesellschaft/aktenzeichen-xy-ungeloest',
         'info_dict': {
             'id': 'aktenzeichen-xy-ungeloest',
-            'title': 'Aktenzeichen XY... ungelöst',
-            'entries': "lambda x: not any('xy580-fall1-kindermoerder-gesucht-100' in e['url'] for e in x)",
+            'title': 'Aktenzeichen XY... Ungelöst',
+            'description': 'md5:623ede5819c400c6d04943fa8100e6e7',
         },
         'playlist_mincount': 2,
     }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.zdf.de/filme/taunuskrimi/',
+        'url': 'https://www.zdf.de/serien/taunuskrimi/',
         'only_matching': True,
     }]
 
@@ -406,36 +462,42 @@ class ZDFChannelIE(ZDFBaseIE):
     def suitable(cls, url):
         return False if ZDFIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)
 
-    def _og_search_title(self, webpage, fatal=False):
-        title = super()._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=fatal)
-        return re.split(r'\s+[-|]\s+ZDF(?:mediathek)?$', title or '')[0] or None
+    def _extract_entry(self, entry):
+        return self.url_result(
+            entry['sharingUrl'], ZDFIE, **traverse_obj(entry, {
+                'id': ('basename', {str}),
+                'title': ('titel', {str}),
+                'description': ('beschreibung', {str}),
+                'duration': ('length', {float_or_none}),
+                'season_number': ('seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+            }))
+
+    def _entries(self, data, document_id):
+        for entry in traverse_obj(data, (
+            'cluster', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'teaser',
+            # If 'brandId' differs, it is a 'You might also like' video. Filter these out
+            'teaser', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'video' and v['brandId'] == document_id and v['sharingUrl'],
+        )):
+            yield self._extract_entry(entry)
 
     def _real_extract(self, url):
         channel_id = self._match_id(url)
-
         webpage = self._download_webpage(url, channel_id)
+        document_id = self._search_regex(
+            r'docId\s*:\s*(["\'])(?P<doc_id>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1', webpage, 'document id', group='doc_id')
+        data = self._download_v2_doc(document_id)
 
-        matches = re.finditer(
-            rf'''<div\b[^>]*?\sdata-plusbar-id\s*=\s*(["'])(?P<p_id>[\w-]+)\1[^>]*?\sdata-plusbar-url=\1(?P<url>{ZDFIE._VALID_URL})\1''',
-            webpage)
+        main_video = traverse_obj(data, (
+            'cluster', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'teaserContent',
+            'teaser', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'video' and v['basename'] and v['sharingUrl'], any)) or {}
 
-        if self._downloader.params.get('noplaylist', False):
-            entry = next(
-                (self.url_result(m.group('url'), ie=ZDFIE.ie_key()) for m in matches),
-                None)
-            self.to_screen('Downloading just the main video because of --no-playlist')
-            if entry:
-                return entry
-        else:
-            self.to_screen(f'Downloading playlist {channel_id} - add --no-playlist to download just the main video')
+        if not self._yes_playlist(channel_id, main_video.get('basename')):
+            return self._extract_entry(main_video)
 
-        def check_video(m):
-            v_ref = self._search_regex(
-                r'''(<a\b[^>]*?\shref\s*=[^>]+?\sdata-target-id\s*=\s*(["']){}\2[^>]*>)'''.format(m.group('p_id')),
-                webpage, 'check id', default='')
-            v_ref = extract_attributes(v_ref)
-            return v_ref.get('data-target-video-type') != 'novideo'
-
-        return self.playlist_from_matches(
-            (m.group('url') for m in matches if check_video(m)),
-            channel_id, self._og_search_title(webpage, fatal=False))
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(data, document_id), channel_id,
+            re.split(r'\s+[-|]\s+ZDF(?:mediathek)?$', self._og_search_title(webpage) or '')[0] or None,
+            join_nonempty(
+                'headline', 'text', delim='\n\n',
+                from_dict=traverse_obj(data, ('shortText', {dict}), default={})) or None)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/globals.py b/yt_dlp/globals.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0cf276cc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/yt_dlp/globals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+# Please Note: Due to necessary changes and the complex nature involved in the plugin/globals system,
+# no backwards compatibility is guaranteed for the plugin system API.
+# However, we will still try our best.
+
+
+class Indirect:
+    def __init__(self, initial, /):
+        self.value = initial
+
+    def __repr__(self, /):
+        return f'{type(self).__name__}({self.value!r})'
+
+
+postprocessors = Indirect({})
+extractors = Indirect({})
+
+# Plugins
+all_plugins_loaded = Indirect(False)
+plugin_specs = Indirect({})
+plugin_dirs = Indirect(['default'])
+
+plugin_ies = Indirect({})
+plugin_pps = Indirect({})
+plugin_ies_overrides = Indirect(defaultdict(list))
+
+# Misc
+IN_CLI = Indirect(False)
+LAZY_EXTRACTORS = Indirect(None)  # `False`=force, `None`=disabled, `True`=enabled
diff --git a/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py b/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
index ba059babb..b59fb2c61 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ def zeroise(x):
         with contextlib.suppress(TypeError):
             if math.isnan(x):  # NB: NaN cannot be checked by membership
                 return 0
-        return x
+        return int(float(x))
 
     def wrapped(a, b):
         return op(zeroise(a), zeroise(b)) & 0xffffffff
@@ -95,6 +95,61 @@ def _js_ternary(cndn, if_true=True, if_false=False):
     return if_true
 
 
+# Ref: https://es5.github.io/#x9.8.1
+def js_number_to_string(val: float, radix: int = 10):
+    if radix in (JS_Undefined, None):
+        radix = 10
+    assert radix in range(2, 37), 'radix must be an integer at least 2 and no greater than 36'
+
+    if math.isnan(val):
+        return 'NaN'
+    if val == 0:
+        return '0'
+    if math.isinf(val):
+        return '-Infinity' if val < 0 else 'Infinity'
+    if radix == 10:
+        # TODO: implement special cases
+        ...
+
+    ALPHABET = b'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz.-'
+
+    result = collections.deque()
+    sign = val < 0
+    val = abs(val)
+    fraction, integer = math.modf(val)
+    delta = max(math.nextafter(.0, math.inf), math.ulp(val) / 2)
+
+    if fraction >= delta:
+        result.append(-2)  # `.`
+    while fraction >= delta:
+        delta *= radix
+        fraction, digit = math.modf(fraction * radix)
+        result.append(int(digit))
+        # if we need to round, propagate potential carry through fractional part
+        needs_rounding = fraction > 0.5 or (fraction == 0.5 and int(digit) & 1)
+        if needs_rounding and fraction + delta > 1:
+            for index in reversed(range(1, len(result))):
+                if result[index] + 1 < radix:
+                    result[index] += 1
+                    break
+                result.pop()
+
+            else:
+                integer += 1
+            break
+
+    integer, digit = divmod(int(integer), radix)
+    result.appendleft(digit)
+    while integer > 0:
+        integer, digit = divmod(integer, radix)
+        result.appendleft(digit)
+
+    if sign:
+        result.appendleft(-1)  # `-`
+
+    return bytes(ALPHABET[digit] for digit in result).decode('ascii')
+
+
 # Ref: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Operator_Precedence
 _OPERATORS = {  # None => Defined in JSInterpreter._operator
     '?': None,
@@ -133,6 +188,7 @@ def _js_ternary(cndn, if_true=True, if_false=False):
 _NAME_RE = r'[a-zA-Z_$][\w$]*'
 _MATCHING_PARENS = dict(zip(*zip('()', '{}', '[]')))
 _QUOTES = '\'"/'
+_NESTED_BRACKETS = r'[^[\]]+(?:\[[^[\]]+(?:\[[^\]]+\])?\])?'
 
 
 class JS_Undefined:
@@ -246,7 +302,7 @@ def _separate(expr, delim=',', max_split=None):
         OP_CHARS = '+-*/%&|^=<>!,;{}:['
         if not expr:
             return
-        counters = {k: 0 for k in _MATCHING_PARENS.values()}
+        counters = dict.fromkeys(_MATCHING_PARENS.values(), 0)
         start, splits, pos, delim_len = 0, 0, 0, len(delim) - 1
         in_quote, escaping, after_op, in_regex_char_group = None, False, True, False
         for idx, char in enumerate(expr):
@@ -551,15 +607,18 @@ def dict_item(key, val):
 
         m = re.match(fr'''(?x)
             (?P<assign>
-                (?P<out>{_NAME_RE})(?:\[(?P<index>[^\]]+?)\])?\s*
+                (?P<out>{_NAME_RE})(?:\[(?P<index>{_NESTED_BRACKETS})\])?\s*
                 (?P<op>{"|".join(map(re.escape, set(_OPERATORS) - _COMP_OPERATORS))})?
                 =(?!=)(?P<expr>.*)$
             )|(?P<return>
                 (?!if|return|true|false|null|undefined|NaN)(?P<name>{_NAME_RE})$
+            )|(?P<attribute>
+                (?P<var>{_NAME_RE})(?:
+                    (?P<nullish>\?)?\.(?P<member>[^(]+)|
+                    \[(?P<member2>{_NESTED_BRACKETS})\]
+                )\s*
             )|(?P<indexing>
                 (?P<in>{_NAME_RE})\[(?P<idx>.+)\]$
-            )|(?P<attribute>
-                (?P<var>{_NAME_RE})(?:(?P<nullish>\?)?\.(?P<member>[^(]+)|\[(?P<member2>[^\]]+)\])\s*
             )|(?P<function>
                 (?P<fname>{_NAME_RE})\((?P<args>.*)\)$
             )''', expr)
@@ -652,7 +711,7 @@ def eval_method():
                 if obj is NO_DEFAULT:
                     if variable not in self._objects:
                         try:
-                            self._objects[variable] = self.extract_object(variable)
+                            self._objects[variable] = self.extract_object(variable, local_vars)
                         except self.Exception:
                             if not nullish:
                                 raise
@@ -792,7 +851,7 @@ def interpret_expression(self, expr, local_vars, allow_recursion):
             raise self.Exception('Cannot return from an expression', expr)
         return ret
 
-    def extract_object(self, objname):
+    def extract_object(self, objname, *global_stack):
         _FUNC_NAME_RE = r'''(?:[a-zA-Z$0-9]+|"[a-zA-Z$0-9]+"|'[a-zA-Z$0-9]+')'''
         obj = {}
         obj_m = re.search(
@@ -814,7 +873,8 @@ def extract_object(self, objname):
         for f in fields_m:
             argnames = f.group('args').split(',')
             name = remove_quotes(f.group('key'))
-            obj[name] = function_with_repr(self.build_function(argnames, f.group('code')), f'F<{name}>')
+            obj[name] = function_with_repr(
+                self.build_function(argnames, f.group('code'), *global_stack), f'F<{name}>')
 
         return obj
 
@@ -835,9 +895,9 @@ def extract_function_code(self, funcname):
         code, _ = self._separate_at_paren(func_m.group('code'))
         return [x.strip() for x in func_m.group('args').split(',')], code
 
-    def extract_function(self, funcname):
+    def extract_function(self, funcname, *global_stack):
         return function_with_repr(
-            self.extract_function_from_code(*self.extract_function_code(funcname)),
+            self.extract_function_from_code(*self.extract_function_code(funcname), *global_stack),
             f'F<{funcname}>')
 
     def extract_function_from_code(self, argnames, code, *global_stack):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py
index e8a67b734..c800f2c09 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_curlcffi.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import io
+import itertools
 import math
 import re
 import urllib.parse
@@ -31,9 +32,9 @@
 
 curl_cffi_version = tuple(map(int, re.split(r'[^\d]+', curl_cffi.__version__)[:3]))
 
-if curl_cffi_version != (0, 5, 10) and not ((0, 7, 0) <= curl_cffi_version < (0, 8, 0)):
+if curl_cffi_version != (0, 5, 10) and not (0, 10) <= curl_cffi_version:
     curl_cffi._yt_dlp__version = f'{curl_cffi.__version__} (unsupported)'
-    raise ImportError('Only curl_cffi versions 0.5.10, 0.7.X are supported')
+    raise ImportError('Only curl_cffi versions 0.5.10 and 0.10.x are supported')
 
 import curl_cffi.requests
 from curl_cffi.const import CurlECode, CurlOpt
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ def read(self, amt=None):
             return self.fp.read(amt)
         except curl_cffi.requests.errors.RequestsError as e:
             if e.code == CurlECode.PARTIAL_FILE:
-                content_length = int_or_none(e.response.headers.get('Content-Length'))
+                content_length = e.response and int_or_none(e.response.headers.get('Content-Length'))
                 raise IncompleteRead(
                     partial=self.fp.bytes_read,
                     expected=content_length - self.fp.bytes_read if content_length is not None else None,
@@ -105,6 +106,51 @@ def read(self, amt=None):
             raise TransportError(cause=e) from e
 
 
+# See: https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi?tab=readme-ov-file#supported-impersonate-browsers
+#      https://github.com/lexiforest/curl-impersonate?tab=readme-ov-file#supported-browsers
+BROWSER_TARGETS: dict[tuple[int, ...], dict[str, ImpersonateTarget]] = {
+    (0, 5): {
+        'chrome99': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '99', 'windows', '10'),
+        'chrome99_android': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '99', 'android', '12'),
+        'chrome100': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '100', 'windows', '10'),
+        'chrome101': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '101', 'windows', '10'),
+        'chrome104': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '104', 'windows', '10'),
+        'chrome107': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '107', 'windows', '10'),
+        'chrome110': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '110', 'windows', '10'),
+        'edge99': ImpersonateTarget('edge', '99', 'windows', '10'),
+        'edge101': ImpersonateTarget('edge', '101', 'windows', '10'),
+        'safari15_3': ImpersonateTarget('safari', '15.3', 'macos', '11'),
+        'safari15_5': ImpersonateTarget('safari', '15.5', 'macos', '12'),
+    },
+    (0, 7): {
+        'chrome116': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '116', 'windows', '10'),
+        'chrome119': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '119', 'macos', '14'),
+        'chrome120': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '120', 'macos', '14'),
+        'chrome123': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '123', 'macos', '14'),
+        'chrome124': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '124', 'macos', '14'),
+        'safari17_0': ImpersonateTarget('safari', '17.0', 'macos', '14'),
+        'safari17_2_ios': ImpersonateTarget('safari', '17.2', 'ios', '17.2'),
+    },
+    (0, 9): {
+        'safari15_3': ImpersonateTarget('safari', '15.3', 'macos', '14'),
+        'safari15_5': ImpersonateTarget('safari', '15.5', 'macos', '14'),
+        'chrome119': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '119', 'macos', '14'),
+        'chrome120': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '120', 'macos', '14'),
+        'chrome123': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '123', 'macos', '14'),
+        'chrome124': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '124', 'macos', '14'),
+        'chrome131': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '131', 'macos', '14'),
+        'chrome131_android': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '131', 'android', '14'),
+        'chrome133a': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '133', 'macos', '15'),
+        'firefox133': ImpersonateTarget('firefox', '133', 'macos', '14'),
+        'safari18_0': ImpersonateTarget('safari', '18.0', 'macos', '15'),
+        'safari18_0_ios': ImpersonateTarget('safari', '18.0', 'ios', '18.0'),
+    },
+    (0, 10): {
+        'firefox135': ImpersonateTarget('firefox', '135', 'macos', '14'),
+    },
+}
+
+
 @register_rh
 class CurlCFFIRH(ImpersonateRequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
     RH_NAME = 'curl_cffi'
@@ -112,30 +158,21 @@ class CurlCFFIRH(ImpersonateRequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
     _SUPPORTED_FEATURES = (Features.NO_PROXY, Features.ALL_PROXY)
     _SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES = ('http', 'https', 'socks4', 'socks4a', 'socks5', 'socks5h')
     _SUPPORTED_IMPERSONATE_TARGET_MAP = {
-        **({
-            ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '124', 'macos', '14'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome124,
-            ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '123', 'macos', '14'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome123,
-            ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '120', 'macos', '14'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome120,
-            ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '119', 'macos', '14'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome119,
-            ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '116', 'windows', '10'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome116,
-        } if curl_cffi_version >= (0, 7, 0) else {}),
-        ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '110', 'windows', '10'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome110,
-        ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '107', 'windows', '10'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome107,
-        ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '104', 'windows', '10'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome104,
-        ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '101', 'windows', '10'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome101,
-        ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '100', 'windows', '10'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome100,
-        ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '99', 'windows', '10'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome99,
-        ImpersonateTarget('edge', '101', 'windows', '10'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.edge101,
-        ImpersonateTarget('edge', '99', 'windows', '10'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.edge99,
-        **({
-            ImpersonateTarget('safari', '17.0', 'macos', '14'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.safari17_0,
-        } if curl_cffi_version >= (0, 7, 0) else {}),
-        ImpersonateTarget('safari', '15.5', 'macos', '12'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.safari15_5,
-        ImpersonateTarget('safari', '15.3', 'macos', '11'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.safari15_3,
-        ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '99', 'android', '12'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.chrome99_android,
-        **({
-            ImpersonateTarget('safari', '17.2', 'ios', '17.2'): curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType.safari17_2_ios,
-        } if curl_cffi_version >= (0, 7, 0) else {}),
+        target: name if curl_cffi_version >= (0, 9) else curl_cffi.requests.BrowserType[name]
+        for name, target in dict(sorted(itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            targets.items()
+            for version, targets in BROWSER_TARGETS.items()
+            if curl_cffi_version >= version
+        ), key=lambda x: (
+            # deprioritize mobile targets since they give very different behavior
+            x[1].os not in ('ios', 'android'),
+            # prioritize edge < firefox < safari < chrome
+            ('edge', 'firefox', 'safari', 'chrome').index(x[1].client),
+            # prioritize newest version
+            float(x[1].version) if x[1].version else 0,
+            # group by os name
+            x[1].os,
+        ), reverse=True)).items()
     }
 
     def _create_instance(self, cookiejar=None):
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py
index 7de95ab3b..5b6b264a6 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py
@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@
 urllib3_version = tuple(int_or_none(x, default=0) for x in urllib3.__version__.split('.'))
 
 if urllib3_version < (1, 26, 17):
+    urllib3._yt_dlp__version = f'{urllib3.__version__} (unsupported)'
     raise ImportError('Only urllib3 >= 1.26.17 is supported')
 
 if requests.__build__ < 0x023202:
+    requests._yt_dlp__version = f'{requests.__version__} (unsupported)'
     raise ImportError('Only requests >= 2.32.2 is supported')
 
 import requests.adapters
@@ -296,6 +298,7 @@ def _check_extensions(self, extensions):
         extensions.pop('cookiejar', None)
         extensions.pop('timeout', None)
         extensions.pop('legacy_ssl', None)
+        extensions.pop('keep_header_casing', None)
 
     def _create_instance(self, cookiejar, legacy_ssl_support=None):
         session = RequestsSession()
@@ -312,11 +315,12 @@ def _create_instance(self, cookiejar, legacy_ssl_support=None):
         session.trust_env = False  # no need, we already load proxies from env
         return session
 
-    def _send(self, request):
-
-        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+    def _prepare_headers(self, _, headers):
         add_accept_encoding_header(headers, SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS)
 
+    def _send(self, request):
+
+        headers = self._get_headers(request)
         max_redirects_exceeded = False
 
         session = self._get_instance(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_urllib.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_urllib.py
index 510bb2a69..a188b35f5 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_urllib.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_urllib.py
@@ -379,13 +379,15 @@ def _create_instance(self, proxies, cookiejar, legacy_ssl_support=None):
         opener.addheaders = []
         return opener
 
-    def _send(self, request):
-        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+    def _prepare_headers(self, _, headers):
         add_accept_encoding_header(headers, SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS)
+
+    def _send(self, request):
+        headers = self._get_headers(request)
         urllib_req = urllib.request.Request(
             url=request.url,
             data=request.data,
-            headers=dict(headers),
+            headers=headers,
             method=request.method,
         )
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py b/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
index 21b765b91..d29f8e45a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
@@ -33,8 +33,9 @@
 import websockets.version
 
 websockets_version = tuple(map(int_or_none, websockets.version.version.split('.')))
-if websockets_version < (12, 0):
-    raise ImportError('Only websockets>=12.0 is supported')
+if websockets_version < (13, 0):
+    websockets._yt_dlp__version = f'{websockets.version.version} (unsupported)'
+    raise ImportError('Only websockets>=13.0 is supported')
 
 import websockets.sync.client
 from websockets.uri import parse_uri
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ def _check_extensions(self, extensions):
         extensions.pop('timeout', None)
         extensions.pop('cookiejar', None)
         extensions.pop('legacy_ssl', None)
+        extensions.pop('keep_header_casing', None)
 
     def close(self):
         # Remove the logging handler that contains a reference to our logger
@@ -123,15 +125,16 @@ def close(self):
         for name, handler in self.__logging_handlers.items():
             logging.getLogger(name).removeHandler(handler)
 
-    def _send(self, request):
-        timeout = self._calculate_timeout(request)
-        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+    def _prepare_headers(self, request, headers):
         if 'cookie' not in headers:
             cookiejar = self._get_cookiejar(request)
             cookie_header = cookiejar.get_cookie_header(request.url)
             if cookie_header:
                 headers['cookie'] = cookie_header
 
+    def _send(self, request):
+        timeout = self._calculate_timeout(request)
+        headers = self._get_headers(request)
         wsuri = parse_uri(request.url)
         create_conn_kwargs = {
             'source_address': (self.source_address, 0) if self.source_address else None,
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/common.py b/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
index e8951c7e7..ddceaa9a9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ class RequestHandler(abc.ABC):
     - `cookiejar`: Cookiejar to use for this request.
     - `timeout`: socket timeout to use for this request.
     - `legacy_ssl`: Enable legacy SSL options for this request. See legacy_ssl_support.
+    - `keep_header_casing`: Keep the casing of headers when sending the request.
     To enable these, add extensions.pop('<extension>', None) to _check_extensions
 
     Apart from the url protocol, proxies dict may contain the following keys:
@@ -259,6 +260,23 @@ def _make_sslcontext(self, legacy_ssl_support=None):
     def _merge_headers(self, request_headers):
         return HTTPHeaderDict(self.headers, request_headers)
 
+    def _prepare_headers(self, request: Request, headers: HTTPHeaderDict) -> None:  # noqa: B027
+        """Additional operations to prepare headers before building. To be extended by subclasses.
+        @param request: Request object
+        @param headers: Merged headers to prepare
+        """
+
+    def _get_headers(self, request: Request) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get headers for external use.
+        Subclasses may define a _prepare_headers method to modify headers after merge but before building.
+        """
+        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+        self._prepare_headers(request, headers)
+        if request.extensions.get('keep_header_casing'):
+            return headers.sensitive()
+        return dict(headers)
+
     def _calculate_timeout(self, request):
         return float(request.extensions.get('timeout') or self.timeout)
 
@@ -317,6 +335,7 @@ def _check_extensions(self, extensions):
         assert isinstance(extensions.get('cookiejar'), (YoutubeDLCookieJar, NoneType))
         assert isinstance(extensions.get('timeout'), (float, int, NoneType))
         assert isinstance(extensions.get('legacy_ssl'), (bool, NoneType))
+        assert isinstance(extensions.get('keep_header_casing'), (bool, NoneType))
 
     def _validate(self, request):
         self._check_url_scheme(request)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/networking/impersonate.py b/yt_dlp/networking/impersonate.py
index 0626b3b49..b90d10b76 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/impersonate.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/impersonate.py
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any
 
-from .common import RequestHandler, register_preference
+from .common import RequestHandler, register_preference, Request
 from .exceptions import UnsupportedRequest
 from ..compat.types import NoneType
 from ..utils import classproperty, join_nonempty
-from ..utils.networking import std_headers
+from ..utils.networking import std_headers, HTTPHeaderDict
 
 
 @dataclass(order=True, frozen=True)
@@ -123,7 +123,17 @@ def _get_request_target(self, request):
         """Get the requested target for the request"""
         return self._resolve_target(request.extensions.get('impersonate') or self.impersonate)
 
-    def _get_impersonate_headers(self, request):
+    def _prepare_impersonate_headers(self, request: Request, headers: HTTPHeaderDict) -> None:  # noqa: B027
+        """Additional operations to prepare headers before building. To be extended by subclasses.
+        @param request: Request object
+        @param headers: Merged headers to prepare
+        """
+
+    def _get_impersonate_headers(self, request: Request) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get headers for external impersonation use.
+        Subclasses may define a _prepare_impersonate_headers method to modify headers after merge but before building.
+        """
         headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
         if self._get_request_target(request) is not None:
             # remove all headers present in std_headers
@@ -131,7 +141,11 @@ def _get_impersonate_headers(self, request):
             for k, v in std_headers.items():
                 if headers.get(k) == v:
                     headers.pop(k)
-        return headers
+
+        self._prepare_impersonate_headers(request, headers)
+        if request.extensions.get('keep_header_casing'):
+            return headers.sensitive()
+        return dict(headers)
 
 
 @register_preference(ImpersonateRequestHandler)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/options.py b/yt_dlp/options.py
index ffe2463fe..1742cbdfa 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/options.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/options.py
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
             '(Alias: --no-config)'))
     general.add_option(
         '--no-config-locations',
-        action='store_const', dest='config_locations', const=[],
+        action='store_const', dest='config_locations', const=None,
         help=(
             'Do not load any custom configuration files (default). When given inside a '
             'configuration file, ignore all previous --config-locations defined in the current file'))
@@ -408,10 +408,29 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         help=(
             'Location of the main configuration file; either the path to the config or its containing directory '
             '("-" for stdin). Can be used multiple times and inside other configuration files'))
+    general.add_option(
+        '--plugin-dirs',
+        metavar='PATH',
+        dest='plugin_dirs',
+        action='callback',
+        callback=_list_from_options_callback,
+        type='str',
+        callback_kwargs={'delim': None},
+        default=['default'],
+        help=(
+            'Path to an additional directory to search for plugins. '
+            'This option can be used multiple times to add multiple directories. '
+            'Use "default" to search the default plugin directories (default)'))
+    general.add_option(
+        '--no-plugin-dirs',
+        dest='plugin_dirs', action='store_const', const=[],
+        help='Clear plugin directories to search, including defaults and those provided by previous --plugin-dirs')
     general.add_option(
         '--flat-playlist',
         action='store_const', dest='extract_flat', const='in_playlist', default=False,
-        help='Do not extract the videos of a playlist, only list them')
+        help=(
+            'Do not extract a playlist\'s URL result entries; '
+            'some entry metadata may be missing and downloading may be bypassed'))
     general.add_option(
         '--no-flat-playlist',
         action='store_false', dest='extract_flat',
@@ -475,13 +494,14 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
                 'no-attach-info-json', 'embed-thumbnail-atomicparsley', 'no-external-downloader-progress',
                 'embed-metadata', 'seperate-video-versions', 'no-clean-infojson', 'no-keep-subs', 'no-certifi',
                 'no-youtube-channel-redirect', 'no-youtube-unavailable-videos', 'no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date',
-                'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx', 'allow-unsafe-ext',
+                'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx', 'allow-unsafe-ext', 'prefer-vp9-sort',
             }, 'aliases': {
-                'youtube-dl': ['all', '-multistreams', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext'],
-                'youtube-dlc': ['all', '-no-youtube-channel-redirect', '-no-live-chat', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext'],
+                'youtube-dl': ['all', '-multistreams', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext', '-prefer-vp9-sort'],
+                'youtube-dlc': ['all', '-no-youtube-channel-redirect', '-no-live-chat', '-playlist-match-filter', '-manifest-filesize-approx', '-allow-unsafe-ext', '-prefer-vp9-sort'],
                 '2021': ['2022', 'no-certifi', 'filename-sanitization'],
                 '2022': ['2023', 'no-external-downloader-progress', 'playlist-match-filter', 'prefer-legacy-http-handler', 'manifest-filesize-approx'],
-                '2023': [],
+                '2023': ['2024', 'prefer-vp9-sort'],
+                '2024': [],
             },
         }, help=(
             'Options that can help keep compatibility with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc '
@@ -623,13 +643,13 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         metavar='DATE', dest='datebefore', default=None,
         help=(
             'Download only videos uploaded on or before this date. '
-            'The date formats accepted is the same as --date'))
+            'The date formats accepted are the same as --date'))
     selection.add_option(
         '--dateafter',
         metavar='DATE', dest='dateafter', default=None,
         help=(
             'Download only videos uploaded on or after this date. '
-            'The date formats accepted is the same as --date'))
+            'The date formats accepted are the same as --date'))
     selection.add_option(
         '--min-views',
         metavar='COUNT', dest='min_views', default=None, type=int,
@@ -647,16 +667,16 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
             'You can also simply specify a field to match if the field is present, '
             'use "!field" to check if the field is not present, and "&" to check multiple conditions. '
             'Use a "\\" to escape "&" or quotes if needed. If used multiple times, '
-            'the filter matches if at least one of the conditions is met. E.g. --match-filter '
-            '!is_live --match-filter "like_count>?100 & description~=\'(?i)\\bcats \\& dogs\\b\'" '
+            'the filter matches if at least one of the conditions is met. E.g. --match-filters '
+            '!is_live --match-filters "like_count>?100 & description~=\'(?i)\\bcats \\& dogs\\b\'" '
             'matches only videos that are not live OR those that have a like count more than 100 '
             '(or the like field is not available) and also has a description '
             'that contains the phrase "cats & dogs" (caseless). '
-            'Use "--match-filter -" to interactively ask whether to download each video'))
+            'Use "--match-filters -" to interactively ask whether to download each video'))
     selection.add_option(
         '--no-match-filters',
         dest='match_filter', action='store_const', const=None,
-        help='Do not use any --match-filter (default)')
+        help='Do not use any --match-filters (default)')
     selection.add_option(
         '--break-match-filters',
         metavar='FILTER', dest='breaking_match_filter', action='append',
@@ -692,7 +712,8 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
     selection.add_option(
         '--break-on-existing',
         action='store_true', dest='break_on_existing', default=False,
-        help='Stop the download process when encountering a file that is in the archive')
+        help='Stop the download process when encountering a file that is in the archive '
+             'supplied with the --download-archive option')
     selection.add_option(
         '--no-break-on-existing',
         action='store_false', dest='break_on_existing',
@@ -704,7 +725,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
     selection.add_option(
         '--break-per-input',
         action='store_true', dest='break_per_url', default=False,
-        help='Alters --max-downloads, --break-on-existing, --break-match-filter, and autonumber to reset per input URL')
+        help='Alters --max-downloads, --break-on-existing, --break-match-filters, and autonumber to reset per input URL')
     selection.add_option(
         '--no-break-per-input',
         action='store_false', dest='break_per_url',
@@ -825,7 +846,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         '--prefer-free-formats',
         action='store_true', dest='prefer_free_formats', default=False,
         help=(
-            'Prefer video formats with free containers over non-free ones of same quality. '
+            'Prefer video formats with free containers over non-free ones of the same quality. '
             'Use with "-S ext" to strictly prefer free containers irrespective of quality'))
     video_format.add_option(
         '--no-prefer-free-formats',
@@ -899,13 +920,14 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
     subtitles.add_option(
         '--sub-format',
         action='store', dest='subtitlesformat', metavar='FORMAT', default='best',
-        help='Subtitle format; accepts formats preference, e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"')
+        help='Subtitle format; accepts formats preference separated by "/", e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"')
     subtitles.add_option(
         '--sub-langs', '--srt-langs',
         action='callback', dest='subtitleslangs', metavar='LANGS', type='str',
         default=[], callback=_list_from_options_callback,
         help=(
-            'Languages of the subtitles to download (can be regex) or "all" separated by commas, e.g. --sub-langs "en.*,ja". '
+            'Languages of the subtitles to download (can be regex) or "all" separated by commas, e.g. --sub-langs "en.*,ja" '
+            '(where "en.*" is a regex pattern that matches "en" followed by 0 or more of any character). '
             'You can prefix the language code with a "-" to exclude it from the requested languages, e.g. --sub-langs all,-live_chat. '
             'Use --list-subs for a list of available language tags'))
 
@@ -1174,7 +1196,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         '--print-to-file',
         metavar='[WHEN:]TEMPLATE FILE', dest='print_to_file', nargs=2, **when_prefix('video'),
         help=(
-            'Append given template to the file. The values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are same as that of --print. '
+            'Append given template to the file. The values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are the same as that of --print. '
             'FILE uses the same syntax as the output template. This option can be used multiple times'))
     verbosity.add_option(
         '-g', '--get-url',
@@ -1218,7 +1240,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         '-J', '--dump-single-json',
         action='store_true', dest='dump_single_json', default=False,
         help=(
-            'Quiet, but print JSON information for each url or infojson passed. Simulate unless --no-simulate is used. '
+            'Quiet, but print JSON information for each URL or infojson passed. Simulate unless --no-simulate is used. '
             'If the URL refers to a playlist, the whole playlist information is dumped in a single line'))
     verbosity.add_option(
         '--print-json',
@@ -1358,12 +1380,12 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         help='Allow Unicode characters, "&" and spaces in filenames (default)')
     filesystem.add_option(
         '--windows-filenames',
-        action='store_true', dest='windowsfilenames', default=False,
+        action='store_true', dest='windowsfilenames', default=None,
         help='Force filenames to be Windows-compatible')
     filesystem.add_option(
         '--no-windows-filenames',
         action='store_false', dest='windowsfilenames',
-        help='Make filenames Windows-compatible only if using Windows (default)')
+        help='Sanitize filenames only minimally')
     filesystem.add_option(
         '--trim-filenames', '--trim-file-names', metavar='LENGTH',
         dest='trim_file_name', default=0, type=int,
@@ -1562,7 +1584,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         help=(
             'Remux the video into another container if necessary '
             f'(currently supported: {", ".join(FFmpegVideoRemuxerPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS)}). '
-            'If target container does not support the video/audio codec, remuxing will fail. You can specify multiple rules; '
+            'If the target container does not support the video/audio codec, remuxing will fail. You can specify multiple rules; '
             'e.g. "aac>m4a/mov>mp4/mkv" will remux aac to m4a, mov to mp4 and anything else to mkv'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--recode-video',
@@ -1668,7 +1690,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
     postproc.add_option(
         '--xattrs', '--xattr',
         action='store_true', dest='xattrs', default=False,
-        help='Write metadata to the video file\'s xattrs (using dublin core and xdg standards)')
+        help='Write metadata to the video file\'s xattrs (using Dublin Core and XDG standards)')
     postproc.add_option(
         '--concat-playlist',
         metavar='POLICY', dest='concat_playlist', default='multi_video',
@@ -1676,7 +1698,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         help=(
             'Concatenate videos in a playlist. One of "never", "always", or '
             '"multi_video" (default; only when the videos form a single show). '
-            'All the video files must have same codecs and number of streams to be concatable. '
+            'All the video files must have the same codecs and number of streams to be concatenable. '
             'The "pl_video:" prefix can be used with "--paths" and "--output" to '
             'set the output filename for the concatenated files. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for details'))
     postproc.add_option(
@@ -1686,8 +1708,8 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         help=(
             'Automatically correct known faults of the file. '
             'One of never (do nothing), warn (only emit a warning), '
-            'detect_or_warn (the default; fix file if we can, warn otherwise), '
-            'force (try fixing even if file already exists)'))
+            'detect_or_warn (the default; fix the file if we can, warn otherwise), '
+            'force (try fixing even if the file already exists)'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--prefer-avconv', '--no-prefer-ffmpeg',
         action='store_false', dest='prefer_ffmpeg',
@@ -1706,7 +1728,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         help=(
             'Execute a command, optionally prefixed with when to execute it, separated by a ":". '
             'Supported values of "WHEN" are the same as that of --use-postprocessor (default: after_move). '
-            'Same syntax as the output template can be used to pass any field as arguments to the command. '
+            'The same syntax as the output template can be used to pass any field as arguments to the command. '
             'If no fields are passed, %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended to the end of the command. '
             'This option can be used multiple times'))
     postproc.add_option(
@@ -1725,15 +1747,17 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         '--convert-subs', '--convert-sub', '--convert-subtitles',
         metavar='FORMAT', dest='convertsubtitles', default=None,
         help=(
-            'Convert the subtitles to another format (currently supported: {}) '
-            '(Alias: --convert-subtitles)'.format(', '.join(sorted(FFmpegSubtitlesConvertorPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS)))))
+            'Convert the subtitles to another format '
+            f'(currently supported: {", ".join(sorted(FFmpegSubtitlesConvertorPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS))}). '
+            'Use "--convert-subs none" to disable conversion (default) (Alias: --convert-subtitles)'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--convert-thumbnails',
         metavar='FORMAT', dest='convertthumbnails', default=None,
         help=(
             'Convert the thumbnails to another format '
             f'(currently supported: {", ".join(sorted(FFmpegThumbnailsConvertorPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS))}). '
-            'You can specify multiple rules using similar syntax as --remux-video'))
+            'You can specify multiple rules using similar syntax as "--remux-video". '
+            'Use "--convert-thumbnails none" to disable conversion (default)'))
     postproc.add_option(
         '--split-chapters', '--split-tracks',
         dest='split_chapters', action='store_true', default=False,
@@ -1775,14 +1799,14 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
             'delim': None,
             'process': lambda val: dict(_postprocessor_opts_parser(*val.split(':', 1))),
         }, help=(
-            'The (case sensitive) name of plugin postprocessors to be enabled, '
+            'The (case-sensitive) name of plugin postprocessors to be enabled, '
             'and (optionally) arguments to be passed to it, separated by a colon ":". '
             'ARGS are a semicolon ";" delimited list of NAME=VALUE. '
             'The "when" argument determines when the postprocessor is invoked. '
             'It can be one of "pre_process" (after video extraction), "after_filter" (after video passes filter), '
             '"video" (after --format; before --print/--output), "before_dl" (before each video download), '
             '"post_process" (after each video download; default), '
-            '"after_move" (after moving video file to its final locations), '
+            '"after_move" (after moving the video file to its final location), '
             '"after_video" (after downloading and processing all formats of a video), '
             'or "playlist" (at end of playlist). '
             'This option can be used multiple times to add different postprocessors'))
@@ -1799,7 +1823,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
         }, help=(
             'SponsorBlock categories to create chapters for, separated by commas. '
             f'Available categories are {", ".join(SponsorBlockPP.CATEGORIES.keys())}, all and default (=all). '
-            'You can prefix the category with a "-" to exclude it. See [1] for description of the categories. '
+            'You can prefix the category with a "-" to exclude it. See [1] for descriptions of the categories. '
             'E.g. --sponsorblock-mark all,-preview [1] https://wiki.sponsor.ajay.app/w/Segment_Categories'))
     sponsorblock.add_option(
         '--sponsorblock-remove', metavar='CATS',
@@ -1885,7 +1909,7 @@ def _alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, opts, nargs):
     extractor.add_option(
         '--no-hls-split-discontinuity',
         dest='hls_split_discontinuity', action='store_false',
-        help='Do not split HLS playlists to different formats at discontinuities such as ad breaks (default)')
+        help='Do not split HLS playlists into different formats at discontinuities such as ad breaks (default)')
     _extractor_arg_parser = lambda key, vals='': (key.strip().lower().replace('-', '_'), [
         val.replace(r'\,', ',').strip() for val in re.split(r'(?<!\\),', vals)])
     extractor.add_option(
diff --git a/yt_dlp/plugins.py b/yt_dlp/plugins.py
index 3cc879fd7..941709b21 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/plugins.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/plugins.py
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 import contextlib
+import dataclasses
+import functools
 import importlib
 import importlib.abc
 import importlib.machinery
 import importlib.util
 import inspect
 import itertools
+import os
 import pkgutil
 import sys
 import traceback
@@ -12,17 +15,48 @@
 from pathlib import Path
 from zipfile import ZipFile
 
-from .compat import functools  # isort: split
+from .globals import (
+    Indirect,
+    plugin_dirs,
+    all_plugins_loaded,
+    plugin_specs,
+)
+
 from .utils import (
     get_executable_path,
     get_system_config_dirs,
     get_user_config_dirs,
+    merge_dicts,
     orderedSet,
     write_string,
 )
 
 PACKAGE_NAME = 'yt_dlp_plugins'
 COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME = 'ytdlp_plugins'
+_BASE_PACKAGE_PATH = Path(__file__).parent
+
+
+# Please Note: Due to necessary changes and the complex nature involved,
+# no backwards compatibility is guaranteed for the plugin system API.
+# However, we will still try our best.
+
+__all__ = [
+    'COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME',
+    'PACKAGE_NAME',
+    'PluginSpec',
+    'directories',
+    'load_all_plugins',
+    'load_plugins',
+    'register_plugin_spec',
+]
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class PluginSpec:
+    module_name: str
+    suffix: str
+    destination: Indirect
+    plugin_destination: Indirect
 
 
 class PluginLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):
@@ -42,7 +76,42 @@ def dirs_in_zip(archive):
         pass
     except Exception as e:
         write_string(f'WARNING: Could not read zip file {archive}: {e}\n')
-    return set()
+    return ()
+
+
+def default_plugin_paths():
+    def _get_package_paths(*root_paths, containing_folder):
+        for config_dir in orderedSet(map(Path, root_paths), lazy=True):
+            # We need to filter the base path added when running __main__.py directly
+            if config_dir == _BASE_PACKAGE_PATH:
+                continue
+            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+                yield from (config_dir / containing_folder).iterdir()
+
+    # Load from yt-dlp config folders
+    yield from _get_package_paths(
+        *get_user_config_dirs('yt-dlp'),
+        *get_system_config_dirs('yt-dlp'),
+        containing_folder='plugins',
+    )
+
+    # Load from yt-dlp-plugins folders
+    yield from _get_package_paths(
+        get_executable_path(),
+        *get_user_config_dirs(''),
+        *get_system_config_dirs(''),
+        containing_folder='yt-dlp-plugins',
+    )
+
+    # Load from PYTHONPATH directories
+    yield from (path for path in map(Path, sys.path) if path != _BASE_PACKAGE_PATH)
+
+
+def candidate_plugin_paths(candidate):
+    candidate_path = Path(candidate)
+    if not candidate_path.is_dir():
+        raise ValueError(f'Invalid plugin directory: {candidate_path}')
+    yield from candidate_path.iterdir()
 
 
 class PluginFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
@@ -54,34 +123,16 @@ class PluginFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
 
     def __init__(self, *packages):
         self._zip_content_cache = {}
-        self.packages = set(itertools.chain.from_iterable(
-            itertools.accumulate(name.split('.'), lambda a, b: '.'.join((a, b)))
-            for name in packages))
+        self.packages = set(
+            itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+                itertools.accumulate(name.split('.'), lambda a, b: '.'.join((a, b)))
+                for name in packages))
 
     def search_locations(self, fullname):
-        candidate_locations = []
-
-        def _get_package_paths(*root_paths, containing_folder='plugins'):
-            for config_dir in orderedSet(map(Path, root_paths), lazy=True):
-                with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
-                    yield from (config_dir / containing_folder).iterdir()
-
-        # Load from yt-dlp config folders
-        candidate_locations.extend(_get_package_paths(
-            *get_user_config_dirs('yt-dlp'),
-            *get_system_config_dirs('yt-dlp'),
-            containing_folder='plugins'))
-
-        # Load from yt-dlp-plugins folders
-        candidate_locations.extend(_get_package_paths(
-            get_executable_path(),
-            *get_user_config_dirs(''),
-            *get_system_config_dirs(''),
-            containing_folder='yt-dlp-plugins'))
-
-        candidate_locations.extend(map(Path, sys.path))  # PYTHONPATH
-        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):  # Added when running __main__.py directly
-            candidate_locations.remove(Path(__file__).parent)
+        candidate_locations = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            default_plugin_paths() if candidate == 'default' else candidate_plugin_paths(candidate)
+            for candidate in plugin_dirs.value
+        )
 
         parts = Path(*fullname.split('.'))
         for path in orderedSet(candidate_locations, lazy=True):
@@ -101,7 +152,8 @@ def find_spec(self, fullname, path=None, target=None):
 
         search_locations = list(map(str, self.search_locations(fullname)))
         if not search_locations:
-            return None
+            # Prevent using built-in meta finders for searching plugins.
+            raise ModuleNotFoundError(fullname)
 
         spec = importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec(fullname, PluginLoader(), is_package=True)
         spec.submodule_search_locations = search_locations
@@ -115,8 +167,10 @@ def invalidate_caches(self):
 
 
 def directories():
-    spec = importlib.util.find_spec(PACKAGE_NAME)
-    return spec.submodule_search_locations if spec else []
+    with contextlib.suppress(ModuleNotFoundError):
+        if spec := importlib.util.find_spec(PACKAGE_NAME):
+            return list(spec.submodule_search_locations)
+    return []
 
 
 def iter_modules(subpackage):
@@ -126,17 +180,23 @@ def iter_modules(subpackage):
         yield from pkgutil.iter_modules(path=pkg.__path__, prefix=f'{fullname}.')
 
 
-def load_module(module, module_name, suffix):
+def get_regular_classes(module, module_name, suffix):
+    # Find standard public plugin classes (not overrides)
     return inspect.getmembers(module, lambda obj: (
         inspect.isclass(obj)
         and obj.__name__.endswith(suffix)
         and obj.__module__.startswith(module_name)
         and not obj.__name__.startswith('_')
-        and obj.__name__ in getattr(module, '__all__', [obj.__name__])))
+        and obj.__name__ in getattr(module, '__all__', [obj.__name__])
+        and getattr(obj, 'PLUGIN_NAME', None) is None
+    ))
 
 
-def load_plugins(name, suffix):
-    classes = {}
+def load_plugins(plugin_spec: PluginSpec):
+    name, suffix = plugin_spec.module_name, plugin_spec.suffix
+    regular_classes = {}
+    if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS') or not plugin_dirs.value:
+        return regular_classes
 
     for finder, module_name, _ in iter_modules(name):
         if any(x.startswith('_') for x in module_name.split('.')):
@@ -153,24 +213,42 @@ def load_plugins(name, suffix):
                 sys.modules[module_name] = module
                 spec.loader.exec_module(module)
         except Exception:
-            write_string(f'Error while importing module {module_name!r}\n{traceback.format_exc(limit=-1)}')
+            write_string(
+                f'Error while importing module {module_name!r}\n{traceback.format_exc(limit=-1)}',
+            )
             continue
-        classes.update(load_module(module, module_name, suffix))
+        regular_classes.update(get_regular_classes(module, module_name, suffix))
 
     # Compat: old plugin system using __init__.py
     # Note: plugins imported this way do not show up in directories()
     # nor are considered part of the yt_dlp_plugins namespace package
-    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
-        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
-            name, Path(get_executable_path(), COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME, name, '__init__.py'))
-        plugins = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-        sys.modules[spec.name] = plugins
-        spec.loader.exec_module(plugins)
-        classes.update(load_module(plugins, spec.name, suffix))
+    if 'default' in plugin_dirs.value:
+        with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
+                name,
+                Path(get_executable_path(), COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME, name, '__init__.py'),
+            )
+            plugins = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+            sys.modules[spec.name] = plugins
+            spec.loader.exec_module(plugins)
+            regular_classes.update(get_regular_classes(plugins, spec.name, suffix))
 
-    return classes
+    # Add the classes into the global plugin lookup for that type
+    plugin_spec.plugin_destination.value = regular_classes
+    # We want to prepend to the main lookup for that type
+    plugin_spec.destination.value = merge_dicts(regular_classes, plugin_spec.destination.value)
+
+    return regular_classes
 
 
-sys.meta_path.insert(0, PluginFinder(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor', f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor'))
+def load_all_plugins():
+    for plugin_spec in plugin_specs.value.values():
+        load_plugins(plugin_spec)
+    all_plugins_loaded.value = True
 
-__all__ = ['directories', 'load_plugins', 'PACKAGE_NAME', 'COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME']
+
+def register_plugin_spec(plugin_spec: PluginSpec):
+    # If the plugin spec for a module is already registered, it will not be added again
+    if plugin_spec.module_name not in plugin_specs.value:
+        plugin_specs.value[plugin_spec.module_name] = plugin_spec
+        sys.meta_path.insert(0, PluginFinder(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.{plugin_spec.module_name}'))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py
index 164540b5d..20e8b14b2 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/__init__.py
@@ -33,15 +33,38 @@
 from .sponskrub import SponSkrubPP
 from .sponsorblock import SponsorBlockPP
 from .xattrpp import XAttrMetadataPP
-from ..plugins import load_plugins
+from ..globals import plugin_pps, postprocessors
+from ..plugins import PACKAGE_NAME, register_plugin_spec, PluginSpec
+from ..utils import deprecation_warning
 
-_PLUGIN_CLASSES = load_plugins('postprocessor', 'PP')
+
+def __getattr__(name):
+    lookup = plugin_pps.value
+    if name in lookup:
+        deprecation_warning(
+            f'Importing a plugin Post-Processor from {__name__} is deprecated. '
+            f'Please import {PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.{name} instead.')
+        return lookup[name]
+
+    raise AttributeError(f'module {__name__!r} has no attribute {name!r}')
 
 
 def get_postprocessor(key):
-    return globals()[key + 'PP']
+    return postprocessors.value[key + 'PP']
 
 
-globals().update(_PLUGIN_CLASSES)
-__all__ = [name for name in globals() if name.endswith('PP')]
-__all__.extend(('PostProcessor', 'FFmpegPostProcessor'))
+register_plugin_spec(PluginSpec(
+    module_name='postprocessor',
+    suffix='PP',
+    destination=postprocessors,
+    plugin_destination=plugin_pps,
+))
+
+_default_pps = {
+    name: value
+    for name, value in globals().items()
+    if name.endswith('PP') or name in ('FFmpegPostProcessor', 'PostProcessor')
+}
+postprocessors.value.update(_default_pps)
+
+__all__ = list(_default_pps.values())
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
index eeeece82c..f0a71c1ff 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@
     RetryManager,
     _configuration_args,
     deprecation_warning,
-    encodeFilename,
 )
+from ..utils._utils import _ProgressState
 
 
 class PostProcessorMetaClass(type):
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ def run(self, information):
 
     def try_utime(self, path, atime, mtime, errnote='Cannot update utime of file'):
         try:
-            os.utime(encodeFilename(path), (atime, mtime))
+            os.utime(path, (atime, mtime))
         except Exception:
             self.report_warning(errnote)
 
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@ def report_progress(self, s):
 
         self._downloader.to_console_title(self._downloader.evaluate_outtmpl(
             progress_template.get('postprocess-title') or 'yt-dlp %(progress._default_template)s',
-            progress_dict))
+            progress_dict), _ProgressState.from_dict(s), s.get('_percent'))
 
     def _retry_download(self, err, count, retries):
         # While this is not an extractor, it behaves similar to one and
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
index 16c8bcdda..d8ba220ca 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/embedthumbnail.py
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
     PostProcessingError,
     check_executable,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     prepend_extension,
     shell_quote,
 )
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ def run(self, info):
             self.to_screen('There are no thumbnails on disk')
             return [], info
         thumbnail_filename = info['thumbnails'][idx]['filepath']
-        if not os.path.exists(encodeFilename(thumbnail_filename)):
+        if not os.path.exists(thumbnail_filename):
             self.report_warning('Skipping embedding the thumbnail because the file is missing.')
             return [], info
 
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ def run(self, info):
             thumbnail_filename = convertor.convert_thumbnail(thumbnail_filename, 'png')
             thumbnail_ext = 'png'
 
-        mtime = os.stat(encodeFilename(filename)).st_mtime
+        mtime = os.stat(filename).st_mtime
 
         success = True
         if info['ext'] == 'mp3':
@@ -154,12 +153,12 @@ def run(self, info):
                 else:
                     if not prefer_atomicparsley:
                         self.to_screen('mutagen was not found. Falling back to AtomicParsley')
-                    cmd = [encodeFilename(atomicparsley, True),
-                           encodeFilename(filename, True),
+                    cmd = [atomicparsley,
+                           filename,
                            encodeArgument('--artwork'),
-                           encodeFilename(thumbnail_filename, True),
+                           thumbnail_filename,
                            encodeArgument('-o'),
-                           encodeFilename(temp_filename, True)]
+                           temp_filename]
                     cmd += [encodeArgument(o) for o in self._configuration_args('AtomicParsley')]
 
                     self._report_run('atomicparsley', filename)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
index 164c46d14..59a49aa57 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
@@ -21,7 +21,6 @@
     determine_ext,
     dfxp2srt,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     filter_dict,
     float_or_none,
     is_outdated_version,
@@ -203,7 +202,7 @@ def _probe_version(self):
 
     @property
     def available(self):
-        return self.basename is not None
+        return bool(self._ffmpeg_location.get()) or self.basename is not None
 
     @property
     def executable(self):
@@ -243,13 +242,13 @@ def get_audio_codec(self, path):
         try:
             if self.probe_available:
                 cmd = [
-                    encodeFilename(self.probe_executable, True),
+                    self.probe_executable,
                     encodeArgument('-show_streams')]
             else:
                 cmd = [
-                    encodeFilename(self.executable, True),
+                    self.executable,
                     encodeArgument('-i')]
-            cmd.append(encodeFilename(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(path), True))
+            cmd.append(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(path))
             self.write_debug(f'{self.basename} command line: {shell_quote(cmd)}')
             stdout, stderr, returncode = Popen.run(
                 cmd, text=True, stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
@@ -282,7 +281,7 @@ def get_metadata_object(self, path, opts=[]):
         self.check_version()
 
         cmd = [
-            encodeFilename(self.probe_executable, True),
+            self.probe_executable,
             encodeArgument('-hide_banner'),
             encodeArgument('-show_format'),
             encodeArgument('-show_streams'),
@@ -335,9 +334,9 @@ def real_run_ffmpeg(self, input_path_opts, output_path_opts, *, expected_retcode
         self.check_version()
 
         oldest_mtime = min(
-            os.stat(encodeFilename(path)).st_mtime for path, _ in input_path_opts if path)
+            os.stat(path).st_mtime for path, _ in input_path_opts if path)
 
-        cmd = [encodeFilename(self.executable, True), encodeArgument('-y')]
+        cmd = [self.executable, encodeArgument('-y')]
         # avconv does not have repeat option
         if self.basename == 'ffmpeg':
             cmd += [encodeArgument('-loglevel'), encodeArgument('repeat+info')]
@@ -353,7 +352,7 @@ def make_args(file, args, name, number):
                 args.append('-i')
             return (
                 [encodeArgument(arg) for arg in args]
-                + [encodeFilename(self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(file), True)])
+                + [self._ffmpeg_filename_argument(file)])
 
         for arg_type, path_opts in (('i', input_path_opts), ('o', output_path_opts)):
             cmd += itertools.chain.from_iterable(
@@ -522,8 +521,8 @@ def run(self, information):
                 return [], information
             orig_path = prepend_extension(path, 'orig')
             temp_path = prepend_extension(path, 'temp')
-        if (self._nopostoverwrites and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(new_path))
-                and os.path.exists(encodeFilename(orig_path))):
+        if (self._nopostoverwrites and os.path.exists(new_path)
+                and os.path.exists(orig_path)):
             self.to_screen(f'Post-process file {new_path} exists, skipping')
             return [], information
 
@@ -627,7 +626,7 @@ def run(self, info):
             sub_ext = sub_info['ext']
             if sub_ext == 'json':
                 self.report_warning('JSON subtitles cannot be embedded')
-            elif ext != 'webm' or ext == 'webm' and sub_ext == 'vtt':
+            elif ext != 'webm' or (ext == 'webm' and sub_ext == 'vtt'):
                 sub_langs.append(lang)
                 sub_names.append(sub_info.get('name'))
                 sub_filenames.append(sub_info['filepath'])
@@ -744,7 +743,7 @@ def add(meta_list, info_list=None):
             if value not in ('', None):
                 value = ', '.join(map(str, variadic(value)))
                 value = value.replace('\0', '')  # nul character cannot be passed in command line
-                metadata['common'].update({meta_f: value for meta_f in variadic(meta_list)})
+                metadata['common'].update(dict.fromkeys(variadic(meta_list), value))
 
         # Info on media metadata/metadata supported by ffmpeg:
         # https://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php/FFmpeg_Metadata
@@ -838,7 +837,7 @@ def run(self, info):
                 args.extend(['-map', f'{i}:v:0'])
         self.to_screen(f'Merging formats into "{filename}"')
         self.run_ffmpeg_multiple_files(info['__files_to_merge'], temp_filename, args)
-        os.rename(encodeFilename(temp_filename), encodeFilename(filename))
+        os.rename(temp_filename, filename)
         return info['__files_to_merge'], info
 
     def can_merge(self):
@@ -1039,7 +1038,7 @@ def _prepare_filename(self, number, chapter, info):
 
     def _ffmpeg_args_for_chapter(self, number, chapter, info):
         destination = self._prepare_filename(number, chapter, info)
-        if not self._downloader._ensure_dir_exists(encodeFilename(destination)):
+        if not self._downloader._ensure_dir_exists(destination):
             return
 
         chapter['filepath'] = destination
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py
index 35e87051b..964ca1f92 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/movefilesafterdownload.py
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@
 from ..compat import shutil
 from ..utils import (
     PostProcessingError,
-    decodeFilename,
-    encodeFilename,
     make_dir,
 )
 
@@ -21,25 +19,25 @@ def pp_key(cls):
         return 'MoveFiles'
 
     def run(self, info):
-        dl_path, dl_name = os.path.split(encodeFilename(info['filepath']))
+        dl_path, dl_name = os.path.split(info['filepath'])
         finaldir = info.get('__finaldir', dl_path)
         finalpath = os.path.join(finaldir, dl_name)
         if self._downloaded:
-            info['__files_to_move'][info['filepath']] = decodeFilename(finalpath)
+            info['__files_to_move'][info['filepath']] = finalpath
 
-        make_newfilename = lambda old: decodeFilename(os.path.join(finaldir, os.path.basename(encodeFilename(old))))
+        make_newfilename = lambda old: os.path.join(finaldir, os.path.basename(old))
         for oldfile, newfile in info['__files_to_move'].items():
             if not newfile:
                 newfile = make_newfilename(oldfile)
-            if os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(oldfile)) == os.path.abspath(encodeFilename(newfile)):
+            if os.path.abspath(oldfile) == os.path.abspath(newfile):
                 continue
-            if not os.path.exists(encodeFilename(oldfile)):
+            if not os.path.exists(oldfile):
                 self.report_warning(f'File "{oldfile}" cannot be found')
                 continue
-            if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(newfile)):
+            if os.path.exists(newfile):
                 if self.get_param('overwrites', True):
                     self.report_warning(f'Replacing existing file "{newfile}"')
-                    os.remove(encodeFilename(newfile))
+                    os.remove(newfile)
                 else:
                     self.report_warning(
                         f'Cannot move file "{oldfile}" out of temporary directory since "{newfile}" already exists. ')
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py
index 525b6392a..ac6db1bc7 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponskrub.py
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
     check_executable,
     cli_option,
     encodeArgument,
-    encodeFilename,
     prepend_extension,
     shell_quote,
     str_or_none,
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ def run(self, information):
             return [], information
 
         filename = information['filepath']
-        if not os.path.exists(encodeFilename(filename)):  # no download
+        if not os.path.exists(filename):  # no download
             return [], information
 
         if information['extractor_key'].lower() != 'youtube':
@@ -71,8 +70,8 @@ def run(self, information):
                 self.report_warning('If sponskrub is run multiple times, unintended parts of the video could be cut out.')
 
         temp_filename = prepend_extension(filename, self._temp_ext)
-        if os.path.exists(encodeFilename(temp_filename)):
-            os.remove(encodeFilename(temp_filename))
+        if os.path.exists(temp_filename):
+            os.remove(temp_filename)
 
         cmd = [self.path]
         if not self.cutout:
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponsorblock.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponsorblock.py
index 6cf9ab62e..b3fc8b54a 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponsorblock.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/sponsorblock.py
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ class SponsorBlockPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
     def __init__(self, downloader, categories=None, api='https://sponsor.ajay.app'):
         FFmpegPostProcessor.__init__(self, downloader)
         self._categories = tuple(categories or self.CATEGORIES.keys())
-        self._API_URL = api if re.match('^https?://', api) else 'https://' + api
+        self._API_URL = api if re.match('https?://', api) else 'https://' + api
 
     def run(self, info):
         extractor = info['extractor_key']
diff --git a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py
index f822eff41..e486b797b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/xattrpp.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import os
 
 from .common import PostProcessor
-from ..compat import compat_os_name
 from ..utils import (
     PostProcessingError,
     XAttrMetadataError,
@@ -26,38 +25,40 @@ class XAttrMetadataPP(PostProcessor):
 
     XATTR_MAPPING = {
         'user.xdg.referrer.url': 'webpage_url',
-        # 'user.xdg.comment': 'description',
         'user.dublincore.title': 'title',
         'user.dublincore.date': 'upload_date',
-        'user.dublincore.description': 'description',
         'user.dublincore.contributor': 'uploader',
         'user.dublincore.format': 'format',
+        # We do this last because it may get us close to the xattr limits
+        # (e.g., 4kB on ext4), and we don't want to have the other ones fail
+        'user.dublincore.description': 'description',
+        # 'user.xdg.comment': 'description',
     }
 
     def run(self, info):
         mtime = os.stat(info['filepath']).st_mtime
         self.to_screen('Writing metadata to file\'s xattrs')
-        try:
-            for xattrname, infoname in self.XATTR_MAPPING.items():
+        for xattrname, infoname in self.XATTR_MAPPING.items():
+            try:
                 value = info.get(infoname)
                 if value:
                     if infoname == 'upload_date':
                         value = hyphenate_date(value)
                     write_xattr(info['filepath'], xattrname, value.encode())
 
-        except XAttrUnavailableError as e:
-            raise PostProcessingError(str(e))
-        except XAttrMetadataError as e:
-            if e.reason == 'NO_SPACE':
-                self.report_warning(
-                    'There\'s no disk space left, disk quota exceeded or filesystem xattr limit exceeded. '
-                    'Some extended attributes are not written')
-            elif e.reason == 'VALUE_TOO_LONG':
-                self.report_warning('Unable to write extended attributes due to too long values.')
-            else:
-                tip = ('You need to use NTFS' if compat_os_name == 'nt'
-                       else 'You may have to enable them in your "/etc/fstab"')
-                raise PostProcessingError(f'This filesystem doesn\'t support extended attributes. {tip}')
+            except XAttrUnavailableError as e:
+                raise PostProcessingError(str(e))
+            except XAttrMetadataError as e:
+                if e.reason == 'NO_SPACE':
+                    self.report_warning(
+                        'There\'s no disk space left, disk quota exceeded or filesystem xattr limit exceeded. '
+                        f'Extended attribute "{xattrname}" was not written.')
+                elif e.reason == 'VALUE_TOO_LONG':
+                    self.report_warning(f'Unable to write extended attribute "{xattrname}" due to too long values.')
+                else:
+                    tip = ('You need to use NTFS' if os.name == 'nt'
+                           else 'You may have to enable them in your "/etc/fstab"')
+                    raise PostProcessingError(f'This filesystem doesn\'t support extended attributes. {tip}')
 
         self.try_utime(info['filepath'], mtime, mtime)
         return [], info
diff --git a/yt_dlp/update.py b/yt_dlp/update.py
index 72ae29084..8e887ec03 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/update.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/update.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import atexit
 import contextlib
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import json
 import os
@@ -12,8 +13,6 @@
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from zipimport import zipimporter
 
-from .compat import functools  # isort: split
-from .compat import compat_realpath
 from .networking import Request
 from .networking.exceptions import HTTPError, network_exceptions
 from .utils import (
@@ -66,9 +65,14 @@ def _get_variant_and_executable_path():
             machine = '_legacy' if version_tuple(platform.mac_ver()[0]) < (10, 15) else ''
         else:
             machine = f'_{platform.machine().lower()}'
+            is_64bits = sys.maxsize > 2**32
             # Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uname#Examples
             if machine[1:] in ('x86', 'x86_64', 'amd64', 'i386', 'i686'):
-                machine = '_x86' if platform.architecture()[0][:2] == '32' else ''
+                machine = '_x86' if not is_64bits else ''
+            # platform.machine() on 32-bit raspbian OS may return 'aarch64', so check "64-bitness"
+            # See: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11813
+            elif machine[1:] == 'aarch64' and not is_64bits:
+                machine = '_armv7l'
             # sys.executable returns a /tmp/ path for staticx builds (linux_static)
             # Ref: https://staticx.readthedocs.io/en/latest/usage.html#run-time-information
             if static_exe_path := os.getenv('STATICX_PROG_PATH'):
@@ -103,7 +107,6 @@ def current_git_head():
 
 _FILE_SUFFIXES = {
     'zip': '',
-    'py2exe': '_min.exe',
     'win_exe': '.exe',
     'win_x86_exe': '_x86.exe',
     'darwin_exe': '_macos',
@@ -114,9 +117,10 @@ def current_git_head():
 }
 
 _NON_UPDATEABLE_REASONS = {
-    **{variant: None for variant in _FILE_SUFFIXES},  # Updatable
+    **dict.fromkeys(_FILE_SUFFIXES),  # Updatable
     **{variant: f'Auto-update is not supported for unpackaged {name} executable; Re-download the latest release'
        for variant, name in {'win32_dir': 'Windows', 'darwin_dir': 'MacOS', 'linux_dir': 'Linux'}.items()},
+    'py2exe': 'py2exe is no longer supported by yt-dlp; This executable cannot be updated',
     'source': 'You cannot update when running from source code; Use git to pull the latest changes',
     'unknown': 'You installed yt-dlp from a manual build or with a package manager; Use that to update',
     'other': 'You are using an unofficial build of yt-dlp; Build the executable again',
@@ -135,20 +139,18 @@ def _get_binary_name():
 
 
 def _get_system_deprecation():
-    MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 8), (3, 8)
+    MIN_SUPPORTED, MIN_RECOMMENDED = (3, 9), (3, 9)
 
     if sys.version_info > MIN_RECOMMENDED:
         return None
 
     major, minor = sys.version_info[:2]
-    if sys.version_info < MIN_SUPPORTED:
-        msg = f'Python version {major}.{minor} is no longer supported'
-    else:
-        msg = (f'Support for Python version {major}.{minor} has been deprecated. '
-               '\nYou may stop receiving updates on this version at any time')
+    PYTHON_MSG = f'Please update to Python {".".join(map(str, MIN_RECOMMENDED))} or above'
 
-    major, minor = MIN_RECOMMENDED
-    return f'{msg}! Please update to Python {major}.{minor} or above'
+    if sys.version_info < MIN_SUPPORTED:
+        return f'Python version {major}.{minor} is no longer supported! {PYTHON_MSG}'
+
+    return f'Support for Python version {major}.{minor} has been deprecated. {PYTHON_MSG}'
 
 
 def _sha256_file(path):
@@ -203,8 +205,6 @@ class UpdateInfo:
     binary_name: str | None = _get_binary_name()  # noqa: RUF009: Always returns the same value
     checksum: str | None = None
 
-    _has_update = True
-
 
 class Updater:
     # XXX: use class variables to simplify testing
@@ -340,7 +340,8 @@ def _process_update_spec(self, lockfile: str, resolved_tag: str):
                     continue
 
                 self._report_error(
-                    f'yt-dlp cannot be updated to {resolved_tag} since you are on an older Python version', True)
+                    f'yt-dlp cannot be updated to {resolved_tag} since you are on an older Python version '
+                    'or your operating system is not compatible with the requested build', True)
                 return None
 
         return resolved_tag
@@ -503,7 +504,7 @@ def update(self, update_info=NO_DEFAULT):
                 return os.rename(old_filename, self.filename)
 
         variant = detect_variant()
-        if variant.startswith('win') or variant == 'py2exe':
+        if variant.startswith('win'):
             atexit.register(Popen, f'ping 127.0.0.1 -n 5 -w 1000 & del /F "{old_filename}"',
                             shell=True, stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)
         elif old_filename:
@@ -524,16 +525,21 @@ def update(self, update_info=NO_DEFAULT):
     @functools.cached_property
     def filename(self):
         """Filename of the executable"""
-        return compat_realpath(_get_variant_and_executable_path()[1])
+        return os.path.realpath(_get_variant_and_executable_path()[1])
 
     @functools.cached_property
     def cmd(self):
         """The command-line to run the executable, if known"""
+        argv = None
         # There is no sys.orig_argv in py < 3.10. Also, it can be [] when frozen
         if getattr(sys, 'orig_argv', None):
-            return sys.orig_argv
+            argv = sys.orig_argv
         elif getattr(sys, 'frozen', False):
-            return sys.argv
+            argv = sys.argv
+        # linux_static exe's argv[0] will be /tmp/staticx-NNNN/yt-dlp_linux if we don't fixup here
+        if argv and os.getenv('STATICX_PROG_PATH'):
+            argv = [self.filename, *argv[1:]]
+        return argv
 
     def restart(self):
         """Restart the executable"""
@@ -563,62 +569,14 @@ def _report_network_error(self, action, delim=';', tag=None):
             f'Unable to {action}{delim} visit  '
             f'https://github.com/{self.requested_repo}/releases/{path}', True)
 
-    # XXX: Everything below this line in this class is deprecated / for compat only
-    @property
-    def _target_tag(self):
-        """Deprecated; requested tag with 'tags/' prepended when necessary for API calls"""
-        return f'tags/{self.requested_tag}' if self.requested_tag != 'latest' else self.requested_tag
-
-    def _check_update(self):
-        """Deprecated; report whether there is an update available"""
-        return bool(self.query_update(_output=True))
-
-    def __getattr__(self, attribute: str):
-        """Compat getter function for deprecated attributes"""
-        deprecated_props_map = {
-            'check_update': '_check_update',
-            'target_tag': '_target_tag',
-            'target_channel': 'requested_channel',
-        }
-        update_info_props_map = {
-            'has_update': '_has_update',
-            'new_version': 'version',
-            'latest_version': 'requested_version',
-            'release_name': 'binary_name',
-            'release_hash': 'checksum',
-        }
-
-        if attribute not in deprecated_props_map and attribute not in update_info_props_map:
-            raise AttributeError(f'{type(self).__name__!r} object has no attribute {attribute!r}')
-
-        msg = f'{type(self).__name__}.{attribute} is deprecated and will be removed in a future version'
-        if attribute in deprecated_props_map:
-            source_name = deprecated_props_map[attribute]
-            if not source_name.startswith('_'):
-                msg += f'. Please use {source_name!r} instead'
-            source = self
-            mapping = deprecated_props_map
-
-        else:  # attribute in update_info_props_map
-            msg += '. Please call query_update() instead'
-            source = self.query_update()
-            if source is None:
-                source = UpdateInfo('', None, None, None)
-                source._has_update = False
-            mapping = update_info_props_map
-
-        deprecation_warning(msg)
-        for target_name, source_name in mapping.items():
-            value = getattr(source, source_name)
-            setattr(self, target_name, value)
-
-        return getattr(self, attribute)
-
 
 def run_update(ydl):
     """Update the program file with the latest version from the repository
     @returns    Whether there was a successful update (No update = False)
     """
+    deprecation_warning(
+        '"yt_dlp.update.run_update(ydl)" is deprecated and may be removed in a future version. '
+        'Use "yt_dlp.update.Updater(ydl).update()" instead')
     return Updater(ydl).update()
 
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
index a8ae8ecb5..e4762699b 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_deprecated.py
@@ -9,31 +9,23 @@
 del passthrough_module
 
 
-from ._utils import preferredencoding
+import re
+import struct
 
 
-def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
-    assert isinstance(s, str)
-    return s
+def bytes_to_intlist(bs):
+    if not bs:
+        return []
+    if isinstance(bs[0], int):  # Python 3
+        return list(bs)
+    else:
+        return [ord(c) for c in bs]
 
 
-def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
-    return b
+def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
+    if not xs:
+        return b''
+    return struct.pack('%dB' % len(xs), *xs)
 
 
-def decodeArgument(b):
-    return b
-
-
-def decodeOption(optval):
-    if optval is None:
-        return optval
-    if isinstance(optval, bytes):
-        optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
-
-    assert isinstance(optval, str)
-    return optval
-
-
-def error_to_compat_str(err):
-    return str(err)
+compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
index 356e58022..d65b135d9 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_legacy.py
@@ -313,3 +313,30 @@ def make_HTTPS_handler(params, **kwargs):
 
 def process_communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs):
     return Popen.communicate_or_kill(p, *args, **kwargs)
+
+
+def encodeFilename(s, for_subprocess=False):
+    assert isinstance(s, str)
+    return s
+
+
+def decodeFilename(b, for_subprocess=False):
+    return b
+
+
+def decodeArgument(b):
+    return b
+
+
+def decodeOption(optval):
+    if optval is None:
+        return optval
+    if isinstance(optval, bytes):
+        optval = optval.decode(preferredencoding())
+
+    assert isinstance(optval, str)
+    return optval
+
+
+def error_to_compat_str(err):
+    return str(err)
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
index 0d3e707c5..24525560e 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@
 import datetime as dt
 import email.header
 import email.utils
+import enum
 import errno
+import functools
 import hashlib
 import hmac
 import html.entities
@@ -44,20 +46,16 @@
 
 from . import traversal
 
-from ..compat import functools  # isort: split
 from ..compat import (
     compat_etree_fromstring,
     compat_expanduser,
     compat_HTMLParseError,
-    compat_os_name,
 )
 from ..dependencies import xattr
+from ..globals import IN_CLI
 
 __name__ = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]  # noqa: A001: Pretend to be the parent module
 
-# This is not clearly defined otherwise
-compiled_regex_type = type(re.compile(''))
-
 
 class NO_DEFAULT:
     pass
@@ -212,6 +210,23 @@ def write_json_file(obj, fn):
         raise
 
 
+def partial_application(func):
+    sig = inspect.signature(func)
+    required_args = [
+        param.name for param in sig.parameters.values()
+        if param.kind in (inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_ONLY, inspect.Parameter.POSITIONAL_OR_KEYWORD)
+        if param.default is inspect.Parameter.empty
+    ]
+
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def wrapped(*args, **kwargs):
+        if set(required_args[len(args):]).difference(kwargs):
+            return functools.partial(func, *args, **kwargs)
+        return func(*args, **kwargs)
+
+    return wrapped
+
+
 def find_xpath_attr(node, xpath, key, val=None):
     """ Find the xpath xpath[@key=val] """
     assert re.match(r'^[a-zA-Z_-]+$', key)
@@ -664,31 +679,54 @@ def replace_insane(char):
     return result
 
 
+def _sanitize_path_parts(parts):
+    sanitized_parts = []
+    for part in parts:
+        if not part or part == '.':
+            continue
+        elif part == '..':
+            if sanitized_parts and sanitized_parts[-1] != '..':
+                sanitized_parts.pop()
+            else:
+                sanitized_parts.append('..')
+            continue
+        # Replace invalid segments with `#`
+        # - trailing dots and spaces (`asdf...` => `asdf..#`)
+        # - invalid chars (`<>` => `##`)
+        sanitized_part = re.sub(r'[/<>:"\|\\?\*]|[\s.]$', '#', part)
+        sanitized_parts.append(sanitized_part)
+
+    return sanitized_parts
+
+
 def sanitize_path(s, force=False):
     """Sanitizes and normalizes path on Windows"""
-    # XXX: this handles drive relative paths (c:sth) incorrectly
-    if sys.platform == 'win32':
-        force = False
-        drive_or_unc, _ = os.path.splitdrive(s)
-    elif force:
-        drive_or_unc = ''
-    else:
-        return s
+    if sys.platform != 'win32':
+        if not force:
+            return s
+        root = '/' if s.startswith('/') else ''
+        path = '/'.join(_sanitize_path_parts(s.split('/')))
+        return root + path if root or path else '.'
 
-    norm_path = os.path.normpath(remove_start(s, drive_or_unc)).split(os.path.sep)
-    if drive_or_unc:
-        norm_path.pop(0)
-    sanitized_path = [
-        path_part if path_part in ['.', '..'] else re.sub(r'(?:[/<>:"\|\\?\*]|[\s.]$)', '#', path_part)
-        for path_part in norm_path]
-    if drive_or_unc:
-        sanitized_path.insert(0, drive_or_unc + os.path.sep)
-    elif force and s and s[0] == os.path.sep:
-        sanitized_path.insert(0, os.path.sep)
-    # TODO: Fix behavioral differences <3.12
-    # The workaround using `normpath` only superficially passes tests
-    # Ref: https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/100351
-    return os.path.normpath(os.path.join(*sanitized_path))
+    normed = s.replace('/', '\\')
+
+    if normed.startswith('\\\\'):
+        # UNC path (`\\SERVER\SHARE`) or device path (`\\.`, `\\?`)
+        parts = normed.split('\\')
+        root = '\\'.join(parts[:4]) + '\\'
+        parts = parts[4:]
+    elif normed[1:2] == ':':
+        # absolute path or drive relative path
+        offset = 3 if normed[2:3] == '\\' else 2
+        root = normed[:offset]
+        parts = normed[offset:].split('\\')
+    else:
+        # relative/drive root relative path
+        root = '\\' if normed[:1] == '\\' else ''
+        parts = normed.split('\\')
+
+    path = '\\'.join(_sanitize_path_parts(parts))
+    return root + path if root or path else '.'
 
 
 def sanitize_url(url, *, scheme='http'):
@@ -804,14 +842,18 @@ class Popen(subprocess.Popen):
         _startupinfo = None
 
     @staticmethod
-    def _fix_pyinstaller_ld_path(env):
-        """Restore LD_LIBRARY_PATH when using PyInstaller
-            Ref: https://github.com/pyinstaller/pyinstaller/blob/develop/doc/runtime-information.rst#ld_library_path--libpath-considerations
-                 https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4573
-        """
+    def _fix_pyinstaller_issues(env):
         if not hasattr(sys, '_MEIPASS'):
             return
 
+        # Force spawning independent subprocesses for exes bundled with PyInstaller>=6.10
+        # Ref: https://pyinstaller.org/en/v6.10.0/CHANGES.html#incompatible-changes
+        #      https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11259
+        env['PYINSTALLER_RESET_ENVIRONMENT'] = '1'
+
+        # Restore LD_LIBRARY_PATH when using PyInstaller
+        # Ref: https://pyinstaller.org/en/v6.10.0/runtime-information.html#ld-library-path-libpath-considerations
+        #      https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4573
         def _fix(key):
             orig = env.get(f'{key}_ORIG')
             if orig is None:
@@ -825,7 +867,7 @@ def _fix(key):
     def __init__(self, args, *remaining, env=None, text=False, shell=False, **kwargs):
         if env is None:
             env = os.environ.copy()
-        self._fix_pyinstaller_ld_path(env)
+        self._fix_pyinstaller_issues(env)
 
         self.__text_mode = kwargs.get('encoding') or kwargs.get('errors') or text or kwargs.get('universal_newlines')
         if text is True:
@@ -833,7 +875,7 @@ def __init__(self, args, *remaining, env=None, text=False, shell=False, **kwargs
             kwargs.setdefault('encoding', 'utf-8')
             kwargs.setdefault('errors', 'replace')
 
-        if shell and compat_os_name == 'nt' and kwargs.get('executable') is None:
+        if shell and os.name == 'nt' and kwargs.get('executable') is None:
             if not isinstance(args, str):
                 args = shell_quote(args, shell=True)
             shell = False
@@ -1168,6 +1210,7 @@ def extract_timezone(date_str, default=None):
     return timezone, date_str
 
 
+@partial_application
 def parse_iso8601(date_str, delimiter='T', timezone=None):
     """ Return a UNIX timestamp from the given date """
 
@@ -1245,6 +1288,7 @@ def unified_timestamp(date_str, day_first=True):
         return calendar.timegm(timetuple) + pm_delta * 3600 - timezone.total_seconds()
 
 
+@partial_application
 def determine_ext(url, default_ext='unknown_video'):
     if url is None or '.' not in url:
         return default_ext
@@ -1414,7 +1458,7 @@ def system_identifier():
 @functools.cache
 def get_windows_version():
     """ Get Windows version. returns () if it's not running on Windows """
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    if os.name == 'nt':
         return version_tuple(platform.win32_ver()[1])
     else:
         return ()
@@ -1427,7 +1471,7 @@ def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):
     if not out:
         return
 
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt' and supports_terminal_sequences(out):
+    if os.name == 'nt' and supports_terminal_sequences(out):
         s = re.sub(r'([\r\n]+)', r' \1', s)
 
     enc, buffer = None, out
@@ -1444,8 +1488,7 @@ def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):
 
 # TODO: Use global logger
 def deprecation_warning(msg, *, printer=None, stacklevel=0, **kwargs):
-    from .. import _IN_CLI
-    if _IN_CLI:
+    if IN_CLI.value:
         if msg in deprecation_warning._cache:
             return
         deprecation_warning._cache.add(msg)
@@ -1460,21 +1503,6 @@ def deprecation_warning(msg, *, printer=None, stacklevel=0, **kwargs):
 deprecation_warning._cache = set()
 
 
-def bytes_to_intlist(bs):
-    if not bs:
-        return []
-    if isinstance(bs[0], int):  # Python 3
-        return list(bs)
-    else:
-        return [ord(c) for c in bs]
-
-
-def intlist_to_bytes(xs):
-    if not xs:
-        return b''
-    return struct.pack('%dB' % len(xs), *xs)
-
-
 class LockingUnsupportedError(OSError):
     msg = 'File locking is not supported'
 
@@ -1658,7 +1686,7 @@ def get_filesystem_encoding():
 def shell_quote(args, *, shell=False):
     args = list(variadic(args))
 
-    if compat_os_name != 'nt':
+    if os.name != 'nt':
         return shlex.join(args)
 
     trans = _CMD_QUOTE_TRANS if shell else _WINDOWS_QUOTE_TRANS
@@ -1920,7 +1948,7 @@ def remove_start(s, start):
 
 
 def remove_end(s, end):
-    return s[:-len(end)] if s is not None and s.endswith(end) else s
+    return s[:-len(end)] if s is not None and end and s.endswith(end) else s
 
 
 def remove_quotes(s):
@@ -1949,12 +1977,13 @@ def base_url(url):
     return re.match(r'https?://[^?#]+/', url).group()
 
 
+@partial_application
 def urljoin(base, path):
     if isinstance(path, bytes):
         path = path.decode()
     if not isinstance(path, str) or not path:
         return None
-    if re.match(r'^(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-.]*:)?//', path):
+    if re.match(r'(?:[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9+-.]*:)?//', path):
         return path
     if isinstance(base, bytes):
         base = base.decode()
@@ -1964,11 +1993,15 @@ def urljoin(base, path):
     return urllib.parse.urljoin(base, path)
 
 
-def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1):
+@partial_application
+def int_or_none(v, scale=1, default=None, get_attr=None, invscale=1, base=None):
     if get_attr and v is not None:
         v = getattr(v, get_attr, None)
+    if invscale == 1 and scale < 1:
+        invscale = int(1 / scale)
+        scale = 1
     try:
-        return int(v) * invscale // scale
+        return (int(v) if base is None else int(v, base=base)) * invscale // scale
     except (ValueError, TypeError, OverflowError):
         return default
 
@@ -1986,9 +2019,13 @@ def str_to_int(int_str):
         return int_or_none(int_str)
 
 
+@partial_application
 def float_or_none(v, scale=1, invscale=1, default=None):
     if v is None:
         return default
+    if invscale == 1 and scale < 1:
+        invscale = int(1 / scale)
+        scale = 1
     try:
         return float(v) * invscale / scale
     except (ValueError, TypeError):
@@ -2007,7 +2044,7 @@ def url_or_none(url):
     if not url or not isinstance(url, str):
         return None
     url = url.strip()
-    return url if re.match(r'^(?:(?:https?|rt(?:m(?:pt?[es]?|fp)|sp[su]?)|mms|ftps?):)?//', url) else None
+    return url if re.match(r'(?:(?:https?|rt(?:m(?:pt?[es]?|fp)|sp[su]?)|mms|ftps?):)?//', url) else None
 
 
 def strftime_or_none(timestamp, date_format='%Y%m%d', default=None):
@@ -2536,6 +2573,7 @@ def urlencode_postdata(*args, **kargs):
     return urllib.parse.urlencode(*args, **kargs).encode('ascii')
 
 
+@partial_application
 def update_url(url, *, query_update=None, **kwargs):
     """Replace URL components specified by kwargs
        @param url           str or parse url tuple
@@ -2556,6 +2594,7 @@ def update_url(url, *, query_update=None, **kwargs):
     return urllib.parse.urlunparse(url._replace(**kwargs))
 
 
+@partial_application
 def update_url_query(url, query):
     return update_url(url, query_update=query)
 
@@ -2648,8 +2687,8 @@ def merge_dicts(*dicts):
     merged = {}
     for a_dict in dicts:
         for k, v in a_dict.items():
-            if (v is not None and k not in merged
-                    or isinstance(v, str) and merged[k] == ''):
+            if ((v is not None and k not in merged)
+                    or (isinstance(v, str) and merged[k] == '')):
                 merged[k] = v
     return merged
 
@@ -2728,7 +2767,8 @@ def process_escape(match):
     def template_substitute(match):
         evaluated = js_to_json(match.group(1), vars, strict=strict)
         if evaluated[0] == '"':
-            return json.loads(evaluated)
+            with contextlib.suppress(json.JSONDecodeError):
+                return json.loads(evaluated)
         return evaluated
 
     def fix_kv(m):
@@ -2877,6 +2917,7 @@ def error_to_str(err):
     return f'{type(err).__name__}: {err}'
 
 
+@partial_application
 def mimetype2ext(mt, default=NO_DEFAULT):
     if not isinstance(mt, str):
         if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
@@ -2919,6 +2960,7 @@ def mimetype2ext(mt, default=NO_DEFAULT):
         'audio/webm': 'webm',
         'audio/x-matroska': 'mka',
         'audio/x-mpegurl': 'm3u',
+        'aacp': 'aac',
         'midi': 'mid',
         'ogg': 'ogg',
         'wav': 'wav',
@@ -3112,7 +3154,7 @@ def is_html(first_bytes):
         while first_bytes.startswith(bom):
             encoding, first_bytes = enc, first_bytes[len(bom):]
 
-    return re.match(r'^\s*<', first_bytes.decode(encoding, 'replace'))
+    return re.match(r'\s*<', first_bytes.decode(encoding, 'replace'))
 
 
 def determine_protocol(info_dict):
@@ -3206,7 +3248,7 @@ def _match_one(filter_part, dct, incomplete):
             op = lambda attr, value: not unnegated_op(attr, value)
         else:
             op = unnegated_op
-        comparison_value = m['quotedstrval'] or m['strval'] or m['intval']
+        comparison_value = m['quotedstrval'] or m['strval']
         if m['quote']:
             comparison_value = comparison_value.replace(r'\{}'.format(m['quote']), m['quote'])
         actual_value = dct.get(m['key'])
@@ -4460,7 +4502,7 @@ def urshift(val, n):
 def write_xattr(path, key, value):
     # Windows: Write xattrs to NTFS Alternate Data Streams:
     # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTFS#Alternate_data_streams_.28ADS.29
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    if os.name == 'nt':
         assert ':' not in key
         assert os.path.exists(path)
 
@@ -4616,6 +4658,7 @@ def to_high_limit_path(path):
     return path
 
 
+@partial_application
 def format_field(obj, field=None, template='%s', ignore=NO_DEFAULT, default='', func=IDENTITY):
     val = traversal.traverse_obj(obj, *variadic(field))
     if not val if ignore is NO_DEFAULT else val in variadic(ignore):
@@ -4721,12 +4764,12 @@ def jwt_decode_hs256(jwt):
     return json.loads(base64.urlsafe_b64decode(f'{payload_b64}==='))
 
 
-WINDOWS_VT_MODE = False if compat_os_name == 'nt' else None
+WINDOWS_VT_MODE = False if os.name == 'nt' else None
 
 
 @functools.cache
 def supports_terminal_sequences(stream):
-    if compat_os_name == 'nt':
+    if os.name == 'nt':
         if not WINDOWS_VT_MODE:
             return False
     elif not os.getenv('TERM'):
@@ -4820,7 +4863,7 @@ def parse_http_range(range):
 
 def read_stdin(what):
     if what:
-        eof = 'Ctrl+Z' if compat_os_name == 'nt' else 'Ctrl+D'
+        eof = 'Ctrl+Z' if os.name == 'nt' else 'Ctrl+D'
         write_string(f'Reading {what} from STDIN - EOF ({eof}) to end:\n')
     return sys.stdin
 
@@ -5080,6 +5123,7 @@ class _UnsafeExtensionError(Exception):
         'rm',
         'swf',
         'ts',
+        'vid',
         'vob',
         'vp9',
 
@@ -5112,7 +5156,9 @@ class _UnsafeExtensionError(Exception):
         'heic',
         'ico',
         'image',
+        'jfif',
         'jng',
+        'jpe',
         'jpeg',
         'jxl',
         'svg',
@@ -5225,11 +5271,13 @@ def report_retry(e, count, retries, *, sleep_func, info, warn, error=None, suffi
             time.sleep(delay)
 
 
+@partial_application
 def make_archive_id(ie, video_id):
     ie_key = ie if isinstance(ie, str) else ie.ie_key()
     return f'{ie_key.lower()} {video_id}'
 
 
+@partial_application
 def truncate_string(s, left, right=0):
     assert left > 3 and right >= 0
     if s is None or len(s) <= left + right:
@@ -5272,15 +5320,18 @@ class FormatSorter:
     regex = r' *((?P<reverse>\+)?(?P<field>[a-zA-Z0-9_]+)((?P<separator>[~:])(?P<limit>.*?))?)? *$'
 
     default = ('hidden', 'aud_or_vid', 'hasvid', 'ie_pref', 'lang', 'quality',
-               'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec',
+               'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec',
                'size', 'br', 'asr', 'proto', 'ext', 'hasaud', 'source', 'id')  # These must not be aliases
+    _prefer_vp9_sort = ('hidden', 'aud_or_vid', 'hasvid', 'ie_pref', 'lang', 'quality',
+                        'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'vcodec:vp9.2', 'channels', 'acodec',
+                        'size', 'br', 'asr', 'proto', 'ext', 'hasaud', 'source', 'id')
     ytdl_default = ('hasaud', 'lang', 'quality', 'tbr', 'filesize', 'vbr',
                     'height', 'width', 'proto', 'vext', 'abr', 'aext',
                     'fps', 'fs_approx', 'source', 'id')
 
     settings = {
         'vcodec': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True,
-                   'order': ['av0?1', 'vp0?9.2', 'vp0?9', '[hx]265|he?vc?', '[hx]264|avc', 'vp0?8', 'mp4v|h263', 'theora', '', None, 'none']},
+                   'order': ['av0?1', r'vp0?9\.0?2', 'vp0?9', '[hx]265|he?vc?', '[hx]264|avc', 'vp0?8', 'mp4v|h263', 'theora', '', None, 'none']},
         'acodec': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True,
                    'order': ['[af]lac', 'wav|aiff', 'opus', 'vorbis|ogg', 'aac', 'mp?4a?', 'mp3', 'ac-?4', 'e-?a?c-?3', 'ac-?3', 'dts', '', None, 'none']},
         'hdr': {'type': 'ordered', 'regex': True, 'field': 'dynamic_range',
@@ -5526,14 +5577,15 @@ def _calculate_field_preference(self, format_, field):
             value = get_value(field)
         return self._calculate_field_preference_from_value(format_, field, type_, value)
 
-    def calculate_preference(self, format):
+    @staticmethod
+    def _fill_sorting_fields(format):
         # Determine missing protocol
         if not format.get('protocol'):
             format['protocol'] = determine_protocol(format)
 
         # Determine missing ext
         if not format.get('ext') and 'url' in format:
-            format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url'])
+            format['ext'] = determine_ext(format['url']).lower()
         if format.get('vcodec') == 'none':
             format['audio_ext'] = format['ext'] if format.get('acodec') != 'none' else 'none'
             format['video_ext'] = 'none'
@@ -5561,6 +5613,8 @@ def calculate_preference(self, format):
         if not format.get('tbr'):
             format['tbr'] = try_call(lambda: format['vbr'] + format['abr']) or None
 
+    def calculate_preference(self, format):
+        self._fill_sorting_fields(format)
         return tuple(self._calculate_field_preference(format, field) for field in self._order)
 
 
@@ -5575,6 +5629,24 @@ def filesize_from_tbr(tbr, duration):
     return int(duration * tbr * (1000 / 8))
 
 
+def _request_dump_filename(url, video_id, data=None, trim_length=None):
+    if data is not None:
+        data = hashlib.md5(data).hexdigest()
+    basen = join_nonempty(video_id, data, url, delim='_')
+    trim_length = trim_length or 240
+    if len(basen) > trim_length:
+        h = '___' + hashlib.md5(basen.encode()).hexdigest()
+        basen = basen[:trim_length - len(h)] + h
+    filename = sanitize_filename(f'{basen}.dump', restricted=True)
+    # Working around MAX_PATH limitation on Windows (see
+    # http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx)
+    if os.name == 'nt':
+        absfilepath = os.path.abspath(filename)
+        if len(absfilepath) > 259:
+            filename = fR'\\?\{absfilepath}'
+    return filename
+
+
 # XXX: Temporary
 class _YDLLogger:
     def __init__(self, ydl=None):
@@ -5603,3 +5675,32 @@ def stdout(self, message):
     def stderr(self, message):
         if self._ydl:
             self._ydl.to_stderr(message)
+
+
+class _ProgressState(enum.Enum):
+    """
+    Represents a state for a progress bar.
+
+    See: https://conemu.github.io/en/AnsiEscapeCodes.html#ConEmu_specific_OSC
+    """
+
+    HIDDEN = 0
+    INDETERMINATE = 3
+    VISIBLE = 1
+    WARNING = 4
+    ERROR = 2
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, s, /):
+        if s['status'] == 'finished':
+            return cls.INDETERMINATE
+
+        # Not currently used
+        if s['status'] == 'error':
+            return cls.ERROR
+
+        return cls.INDETERMINATE if s.get('_percent') is None else cls.VISIBLE
+
+    def get_ansi_escape(self, /, percent=None):
+        percent = 0 if percent is None else int(percent)
+        return f'\033]9;4;{self.value};{percent}\007'
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/networking.py b/yt_dlp/utils/networking.py
index 933b164be..542abace8 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/networking.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/networking.py
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import collections
+import collections.abc
 import random
+import typing
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request
 
-from ._utils import remove_start
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    T = typing.TypeVar('T')
+
+from ._utils import NO_DEFAULT, remove_start
 
 
 def random_user_agent():
@@ -51,32 +58,141 @@ def random_user_agent():
     return _USER_AGENT_TPL % random.choice(_CHROME_VERSIONS)
 
 
-class HTTPHeaderDict(collections.UserDict, dict):
+class HTTPHeaderDict(dict):
     """
     Store and access keys case-insensitively.
     The constructor can take multiple dicts, in which keys in the latter are prioritised.
+
+    Retains a case sensitive mapping of the headers, which can be accessed via `.sensitive()`.
     """
+    def __new__(cls, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> typing.Self:
+        obj = dict.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+        obj.__sensitive_map = {}
+        return obj
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs):
         super().__init__()
-        for dct in args:
-            if dct is not None:
-                self.update(dct)
-        self.update(kwargs)
+        self.__sensitive_map = {}
 
-    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-        if isinstance(value, bytes):
-            value = value.decode('latin-1')
-        super().__setitem__(key.title(), str(value).strip())
+        for dct in filter(None, args):
+            self.update(dct)
+        if kwargs:
+            self.update(kwargs)
 
-    def __getitem__(self, key):
+    def sensitive(self, /) -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {
+            self.__sensitive_map[key]: value
+            for key, value in self.items()
+        }
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: str, /) -> bool:
+        return super().__contains__(key.title() if isinstance(key, str) else key)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str, /) -> None:
+        key = key.title()
+        del self.__sensitive_map[key]
+        super().__delitem__(key)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key, /) -> str:
         return super().__getitem__(key.title())
 
-    def __delitem__(self, key):
-        super().__delitem__(key.title())
+    def __ior__(self, other, /):
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = other.sensitive()
+        if isinstance(other, dict):
+            self.update(other)
+            return
+        return NotImplemented
 
-    def __contains__(self, key):
-        return super().__contains__(key.title() if isinstance(key, str) else key)
+    def __or__(self, other, /) -> typing.Self:
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = other.sensitive()
+        if isinstance(other, dict):
+            return type(self)(self.sensitive(), other)
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __ror__(self, other, /) -> typing.Self:
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = other.sensitive()
+        if isinstance(other, dict):
+            return type(self)(other, self.sensitive())
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value, /) -> None:
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            value = value.decode('latin-1')
+        key_title = key.title()
+        self.__sensitive_map[key_title] = key
+        super().__setitem__(key_title, str(value).strip())
+
+    def clear(self, /) -> None:
+        self.__sensitive_map.clear()
+        super().clear()
+
+    def copy(self, /) -> typing.Self:
+        return type(self)(self.sensitive())
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, /) -> str | None: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, /, default: T) -> str | T: ...
+
+    def get(self, key, /, default=NO_DEFAULT):
+        key = key.title()
+        if default is NO_DEFAULT:
+            return super().get(key)
+        return super().get(key, default)
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def pop(self, key: str, /) -> str: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def pop(self, key: str, /, default: T) -> str | T: ...
+
+    def pop(self, key, /, default=NO_DEFAULT):
+        key = key.title()
+        if default is NO_DEFAULT:
+            self.__sensitive_map.pop(key)
+            return super().pop(key)
+        self.__sensitive_map.pop(key, default)
+        return super().pop(key, default)
+
+    def popitem(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        self.__sensitive_map.popitem()
+        return super().popitem()
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, /) -> str: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, /, default) -> str: ...
+
+    def setdefault(self, key, /, default=None) -> str:
+        key = key.title()
+        if key in self.__sensitive_map:
+            return super().__getitem__(key)
+
+        self[key] = default or ''
+        return self[key]
+
+    def update(self, other, /, **kwargs) -> None:
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = other.sensitive()
+        if isinstance(other, collections.abc.Mapping):
+            for key, value in other.items():
+                self[key] = value
+
+        elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+            for key in other.keys():  # noqa: SIM118
+                self[key] = other[key]
+
+        else:
+            for key, value in other:
+                self[key] = value
+
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            self[key] = value
 
 
 std_headers = HTTPHeaderDict({
diff --git a/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
index 96eb2eddf..76b51f53d 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/traversal.py
@@ -1,18 +1,36 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import collections
 import collections.abc
 import contextlib
+import functools
 import http.cookies
 import inspect
 import itertools
 import re
+import typing
 import xml.etree.ElementTree
 
 from ._utils import (
     IDENTITY,
     NO_DEFAULT,
+    ExtractorError,
     LazyList,
     deprecation_warning,
+    get_elements_html_by_class,
+    get_elements_html_by_attribute,
+    get_elements_by_attribute,
+    get_element_by_class,
+    get_element_html_by_attribute,
+    get_element_by_attribute,
+    get_element_html_by_id,
+    get_element_by_id,
+    get_element_html_by_class,
+    get_elements_by_class,
+    get_element_text_and_html_by_tag,
     is_iterable_like,
     try_call,
+    url_or_none,
     variadic,
 )
 
@@ -38,7 +56,7 @@ def traverse_obj(
     The keys in the path can be one of:
         - `None`:           Return the current object.
         - `set`:            Requires the only item in the set to be a type or function,
-                            like `{type}`/`{type, type, ...}/`{func}`. If a `type`, return only
+                            like `{type}`/`{type, type, ...}`/`{func}`. If a `type`, return only
                             values of this type. If a function, returns `func(obj)`.
         - `str`/`int`:      Return `obj[key]`. For `re.Match`, return `obj.group(key)`.
         - `slice`:          Branch out and return all values in `obj[key]`.
@@ -54,10 +72,11 @@ def traverse_obj(
                             Read as: `{key: traverse_obj(obj, path) for key, path in dct.items()}`.
         - `any`-builtin:    Take the first matching object and return it, resetting branching.
         - `all`-builtin:    Take all matching objects and return them as a list, resetting branching.
+        - `filter`-builtin: Return the value if it is truthy, `None` otherwise.
 
         `tuple`, `list`, and `dict` all support nested paths and branches.
 
-    @params paths           Paths which to traverse by.
+    @params paths           Paths by which to traverse.
     @param default          Value to return if the paths do not match.
                             If the last key in the path is a `dict`, it will apply to each value inside
                             the dict instead, depth first. Try to avoid if using nested `dict` keys.
@@ -247,6 +266,10 @@ def apply_path(start_obj, path, test_type):
                     objs = (list(filtered_objs),)
                 continue
 
+            if key is filter:
+                objs = filter(None, objs)
+                continue
+
             if __debug__ and callable(key):
                 # Verify function signature
                 inspect.signature(key).bind(None, None)
@@ -277,13 +300,172 @@ def _traverse_obj(obj, path, allow_empty, test_type):
         return results[0] if results else {} if allow_empty and is_dict else None
 
     for index, path in enumerate(paths, 1):
-        result = _traverse_obj(obj, path, index == len(paths), True)
-        if result is not None:
-            return result
+        is_last = index == len(paths)
+        try:
+            result = _traverse_obj(obj, path, is_last, True)
+            if result is not None:
+                return result
+        except _RequiredError as e:
+            if is_last:
+                # Reraise to get cleaner stack trace
+                raise ExtractorError(e.orig_msg, expected=e.expected) from None
 
     return None if default is NO_DEFAULT else default
 
 
+def value(value, /):
+    return lambda _: value
+
+
+def require(name, /, *, expected=False):
+    def func(value):
+        if value is None:
+            raise _RequiredError(f'Unable to extract {name}', expected=expected)
+
+        return value
+
+    return func
+
+
+class _RequiredError(ExtractorError):
+    pass
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def subs_list_to_dict(*, lang: str | None = 'und', ext: str | None = None) -> collections.abc.Callable[[list[dict]], dict[str, list[dict]]]: ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None, /, *, lang: str | None = 'und', ext: str | None = None) -> dict[str, list[dict]]: ...
+
+
+def subs_list_to_dict(subs: list[dict] | None = None, /, *, lang='und', ext=None):
+    """
+    Convert subtitles from a traversal into a subtitle dict.
+    The path should have an `all` immediately before this function.
+
+    Arguments:
+    `ext`      The default value for `ext` in the subtitle dict
+
+    In the dict you can set the following additional items:
+    `id`       The subtitle id to sort the dict into
+    `quality`  The sort order for each subtitle
+    """
+    if subs is None:
+        return functools.partial(subs_list_to_dict, lang=lang, ext=ext)
+
+    result = collections.defaultdict(list)
+
+    for sub in subs:
+        if not url_or_none(sub.get('url')) and not sub.get('data'):
+            continue
+        sub_id = sub.pop('id', None)
+        if not isinstance(sub_id, str):
+            if not lang:
+                continue
+            sub_id = lang
+        sub_ext = sub.get('ext')
+        if not isinstance(sub_ext, str):
+            if not ext:
+                sub.pop('ext', None)
+            else:
+                sub['ext'] = ext
+        result[sub_id].append(sub)
+    result = dict(result)
+
+    for subs in result.values():
+        subs.sort(key=lambda x: x.pop('quality', 0) or 0)
+
+    return result
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_element(*, attr: str, value: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False, regex=False): ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_element(*, cls: str, html=False): ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_element(*, id: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False, regex=False): ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_element(*, tag: str, html=False, regex=False): ...
+
+
+def find_element(*, tag=None, id=None, cls=None, attr=None, value=None, html=False, regex=False):
+    # deliberately using `id=` and `cls=` for ease of readability
+    assert tag or id or cls or (attr and value), 'One of tag, id, cls or (attr AND value) is required'
+    ANY_TAG = r'[\w:.-]+'
+
+    if attr and value:
+        assert not cls, 'Cannot match both attr and cls'
+        assert not id, 'Cannot match both attr and id'
+        func = get_element_html_by_attribute if html else get_element_by_attribute
+        return functools.partial(func, attr, value, tag=tag or ANY_TAG, escape_value=not regex)
+
+    elif cls:
+        assert not id, 'Cannot match both cls and id'
+        assert tag is None, 'Cannot match both cls and tag'
+        assert not regex, 'Cannot use regex with cls'
+        func = get_element_html_by_class if html else get_element_by_class
+        return functools.partial(func, cls)
+
+    elif id:
+        func = get_element_html_by_id if html else get_element_by_id
+        return functools.partial(func, id, tag=tag or ANY_TAG, escape_value=not regex)
+
+    index = int(bool(html))
+    return lambda html: get_element_text_and_html_by_tag(tag, html)[index]
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_elements(*, cls: str, html=False): ...
+
+
+@typing.overload
+def find_elements(*, attr: str, value: str, tag: str | None = None, html=False, regex=False): ...
+
+
+def find_elements(*, tag=None, cls=None, attr=None, value=None, html=False, regex=False):
+    # deliberately using `cls=` for ease of readability
+    assert cls or (attr and value), 'One of cls or (attr AND value) is required'
+
+    if attr and value:
+        assert not cls, 'Cannot match both attr and cls'
+        func = get_elements_html_by_attribute if html else get_elements_by_attribute
+        return functools.partial(func, attr, value, tag=tag or r'[\w:.-]+', escape_value=not regex)
+
+    assert not tag, 'Cannot match both cls and tag'
+    assert not regex, 'Cannot use regex with cls'
+    func = get_elements_html_by_class if html else get_elements_by_class
+    return functools.partial(func, cls)
+
+
+def trim_str(*, start=None, end=None):
+    def trim(s):
+        if s is None:
+            return None
+        start_idx = 0
+        if start and s.startswith(start):
+            start_idx = len(start)
+        if end and s.endswith(end):
+            return s[start_idx:-len(end)]
+        return s[start_idx:]
+
+    return trim
+
+
+def unpack(func, **kwargs):
+    @functools.wraps(func)
+    def inner(items):
+        return func(*items, **kwargs)
+
+    return inner
+
+
 def get_first(obj, *paths, **kwargs):
     return traverse_obj(obj, *((..., *variadic(keys)) for keys in paths), **kwargs, get_all=False)
 
diff --git a/yt_dlp/version.py b/yt_dlp/version.py
index 6633a11b9..1479cd960 100644
--- a/yt_dlp/version.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/version.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Autogenerated by devscripts/update-version.py
 
-__version__ = '2024.08.06'
+__version__ = '2025.03.31'
 
-RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = '4d9231208332d4c32364b8cd814bff8b20232cae'
+RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = '5e457af57fae9645b1b8fa0ed689229c8fb9656b'
 
 VARIANT = None
 
@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@
 
 ORIGIN = 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp'
 
-_pkg_version = '2024.08.06'
+_pkg_version = '2025.03.31'