Release 2024.10.22

Created by: bashonly :ci skip all
[cleanup] Misc (#11216 )
2026-01-13 10:21:30 +00:00 · 2024-10-22 05:03:55 +00:00 · 2024-10-22 04:50:35 +00:00 · 2024-10-22 04:20:20 +00:00 · 2024-10-22 03:54:41 +00:00 · 2024-10-22 03:46:53 +00:00
986 changed files with 16641 additions and 11101 deletions
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/1_broken_site.yml
@@ -77,3 +77,11 @@ body:
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/2_site_support_request.yml
@@ -89,3 +89,11 @@ body:
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/3_site_feature_request.yml
@@ -85,3 +85,11 @@ body:
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/4_bug_report.yml
@@ -70,3 +70,11 @@ body:
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/5_feature_request.yml
@@ -64,3 +64,11 @@ body:
        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
        <more lines>
      render: shell
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
+++ b/.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/6_question.yml
@@ -70,3 +70,11 @@ body:
        [youtube] Extracting URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
        <more lines>
      render: shell
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -237,34 +237,63 @@ jobs:
  macos:
    needs: process
    if: inputs.macos
-    runs-on: macos-11
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
+    runs-on: macos-13

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      # NB: Building universal2 does not work with python from actions/setup-python
+
+      - name: Restore cached requirements
+        id: restore-cache
+        uses: actions/cache/restore@v4
+        env:
+          SEGMENT_DOWNLOAD_TIMEOUT_MINS: 1
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/yt-dlp-build-venv
+          key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}
+
      - name: Install Requirements
        run: |
          brew install coreutils
-          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --user -o --include build
+          python3 -m venv ~/yt-dlp-build-venv
+          source ~/yt-dlp-build-venv/bin/activate
+          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print --include pyinstaller > requirements.txt
          # We need to ignore wheels otherwise we break universal2 builds
-          python3 -m pip install -U --user --no-binary :all: -r requirements.txt
+          python3 -m pip install -U --no-binary :all: -r requirements.txt
          # We need to fuse our own universal2 wheels for curl_cffi
-          python3 -m pip install -U --user delocate
+          python3 -m pip install -U 'delocate==0.11.0'
          mkdir curl_cffi_whls curl_cffi_universal2
          python3 devscripts/install_deps.py --print -o --include curl-cffi > requirements.txt
          for platform in "macosx_11_0_arm64" "macosx_11_0_x86_64"; do
            python3 -m pip download \
              --only-binary=:all: \
              --platform "${platform}" \
-              --pre -d curl_cffi_whls \
+              -d curl_cffi_whls \
              -r requirements.txt
          done
+          ( # Overwrite x86_64-only libs with fat/universal2 libs or else Pyinstaller will do the opposite
+            # See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/10069
+            cd curl_cffi_whls
+            mkdir -p curl_cffi/.dylibs
+            python_libdir=$(python3 -c 'import sys; from pathlib import Path; print(Path(sys.path[1]).parent)')
+            for dylib in lib{ssl,crypto}.3.dylib; do
+              cp "${python_libdir}/${dylib}" "curl_cffi/.dylibs/${dylib}"
+              for wheel in curl_cffi*macos*x86_64.whl; do
+                zip "${wheel}" "curl_cffi/.dylibs/${dylib}"
+              done
+            done
+          )
          python3 -m delocate.cmd.delocate_fuse curl_cffi_whls/curl_cffi*.whl -w curl_cffi_universal2
          python3 -m delocate.cmd.delocate_fuse curl_cffi_whls/cffi*.whl -w curl_cffi_universal2
-          cd curl_cffi_universal2
-          for wheel in *cffi*.whl; do mv -n -- "${wheel}" "${wheel/x86_64/universal2}"; done
-          python3 -m pip install -U --user *cffi*.whl
+          for wheel in curl_cffi_universal2/*cffi*.whl; do
+            mv -n -- "${wheel}" "${wheel/x86_64/universal2}"
+          done
+          python3 -m pip install --force-reinstall -U curl_cffi_universal2/*cffi*.whl

      - name: Prepare
        run: |
@@ -272,6 +301,7 @@ jobs:
          python3 devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
      - name: Build
        run: |
+          source ~/yt-dlp-build-venv/bin/activate
          python3 -m bundle.pyinstaller --target-architecture universal2 --onedir
          (cd ./dist/yt-dlp_macos && zip -r ../yt-dlp_macos.zip .)
          python3 -m bundle.pyinstaller --target-architecture universal2
@@ -295,10 +325,28 @@ jobs:
            dist/yt-dlp_macos.zip
          compression-level: 0

+      - name: Cleanup cache
+        if: steps.restore-cache.outputs.cache-hit == 'true'
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          cache_key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}
+          repository: ${{ github.repository }}
+          branch: ${{ github.ref }}
+        run: |
+          gh extension install actions/gh-actions-cache
+          gh actions-cache delete "${cache_key}" -R "${repository}" -B "${branch}" --confirm
+
+      - name: Cache requirements
+        uses: actions/cache/save@v4
+        with:
+          path: |
+            ~/yt-dlp-build-venv
+          key: cache-reqs-${{ github.job }}
+
  macos_legacy:
    needs: process
    if: inputs.macos_legacy
-    runs-on: macos-12
+    runs-on: macos-13

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -311,7 +359,7 @@ jobs:
          # Hack to get the latest patch version. Uncomment if needed
          #brew install python@3.10
          #export PYTHON_VERSION=$( $(brew --prefix)/opt/python@3.10/bin/python3 --version | cut -d ' ' -f 2 )
-          curl https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/python-${PYTHON_VERSION}-macos11.pkg -o "python.pkg"
+          curl "https://www.python.org/ftp/python/${PYTHON_VERSION}/python-${PYTHON_VERSION}-macos11.pkg" -o "python.pkg"
          sudo installer -pkg python.pkg -target /
          python3 --version
      - name: Install Requirements
@@ -361,7 +409,7 @@ jobs:
        run: | # Custom pyinstaller built with https://github.com/yt-dlp/pyinstaller-builds
          python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
          python devscripts/install_deps.py --include curl-cffi
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-5.8.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/x86_64/pyinstaller-6.10.0-py3-none-any.whl"

      - name: Prepare
        run: |
@@ -371,22 +419,16 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          python -m bundle.pyinstaller
          python -m bundle.pyinstaller --onedir
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp.exe ./dist/yt-dlp_real.exe
          Compress-Archive -Path ./dist/yt-dlp/* -DestinationPath ./dist/yt-dlp_win.zip

-      - name: Install Requirements (py2exe)
+      - name: Add migration executable for py2exe
        run: |
-          python devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe
-      - name: Build (py2exe)
-        run: |
-          python -m bundle.py2exe
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp.exe ./dist/yt-dlp_min.exe
-          Move-Item ./dist/yt-dlp_real.exe ./dist/yt-dlp.exe
+          Copy-Item ./dist/yt-dlp.exe ./dist/yt-dlp_min.exe

      - name: Verify --update-to
        if: vars.UPDATE_TO_VERIFICATION
        run: |
-          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp","yt-dlp_min")) {
+          foreach ($name in @("yt-dlp")) {
            Copy-Item "./dist/${name}.exe" "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe"
            $version = & "./dist/${name}.exe" --version
            & "./dist/${name}_downgraded.exe" -v --update-to yt-dlp/yt-dlp@2023.03.04
@@ -421,7 +463,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          python devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include build
          python devscripts/install_deps.py
-          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-5.8.0-py3-none-any.whl"
+          python -m pip install -U "https://yt-dlp.github.io/Pyinstaller-Builds/i686/pyinstaller-6.10.0-py3-none-any.whl"

      - name: Prepare
        run: |
@@ -475,8 +517,12 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          cd ./artifact/
          # make sure SHA sums are also printed to stdout
-          sha256sum * | tee ../SHA2-256SUMS
-          sha512sum * | tee ../SHA2-512SUMS
+          sha256sum -- * | tee ../SHA2-256SUMS
+          sha512sum -- * | tee ../SHA2-512SUMS
+          # also print as permanent annotations to the summary page
+          while read -r shasum; do
+            echo "::notice title=${shasum##* }::sha256: ${shasum% *}"
+          done < ../SHA2-256SUMS

      - name: Make Update spec
        run: |
--- a/.github/workflows/core.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/core.yml
@@ -36,16 +36,20 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: false
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        # CPython 3.8 is in quick-test
-        python-version: ['3.9', '3.10', '3.11', '3.12', pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
+        # CPython 3.9 is in quick-test
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', pypy-3.10]
        include:
        # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.9'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python-version: '3.10'
        - os: windows-latest
          python-version: '3.12'
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: pypy-3.9
+          python-version: '3.13'
+        - os: windows-latest
+          python-version: pypy-3.10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -55,7 +59,8 @@ jobs:
    - name: Install test requirements
      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include test --include curl-cffi
    - name: Run tests
+      timeout-minutes: 15
      continue-on-error: False
      run: |
        python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true  # Print debug head
-        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py core
+        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py --pytest-args '--reruns 2 --reruns-delay 3.0' core
--- a/.github/workflows/download.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/download.yml
@@ -28,13 +28,13 @@ jobs:
      fail-fast: true
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', pypy-3.8, pypy-3.10]
+        python-version: ['3.10', '3.11', '3.12', '3.13', pypy-3.10]
        include:
        # atleast one of each CPython/PyPy tests must be in windows
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: '3.8'
+          python-version: '3.9'
        - os: windows-latest
-          python-version: pypy-3.9
+          python-version: pypy-3.10
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
--- a/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/issue-lockdown.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Issue Lockdown
+on:
+  issues:
+    types: [opened]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  lockdown:
+    name: Issue Lockdown
+    if: vars.ISSUE_LOCKDOWN
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: "Lock new issue"
+        env:
+          GH_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+          ISSUE_NUMBER: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+          REPOSITORY: ${{ github.repository }}
+        run: |
+          gh issue lock "${ISSUE_NUMBER}" -R "${REPOSITORY}"
--- a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
@@ -10,16 +10,17 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-    - name: Set up Python 3.8
+    - name: Set up Python 3.9
      uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
-        python-version: '3.8'
+        python-version: '3.9'
    - name: Install test requirements
-      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py --include test
+      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include test
    - name: Run tests
+      timeout-minutes: 15
      run: |
        python3 -m yt_dlp -v || true
-        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py core
+        python3 ./devscripts/run_tests.py --pytest-args '--reruns 2 --reruns-delay 3.0' core
  check:
    name: Code check
    if: "!contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'ci skip all')"
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
    - uses: actions/checkout@v4
    - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
      with:
-        python-version: '3.8'
+        python-version: '3.9'
    - name: Install dev dependencies
      run: python3 ./devscripts/install_deps.py -o --include static-analysis
    - name: Make lazy extractors
--- a/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-master.yml
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ jobs:
      source: master
    permissions:
      contents: write
-      packages: write
+      packages: write  # For package cache
+      actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
    secrets: inherit
--- a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ jobs:
      source: nightly
    permissions:
      contents: write
-      packages: write
+      packages: write  # For package cache
+      actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
      id-token: write  # mandatory for trusted publishing
    secrets: inherit
--- a/.github/workflows/release.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ jobs:
          git config --global user.email "41898282+github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
          git add -u
          git commit -m "Release ${{ env.version }}" \
-            -m "Created by: ${{ github.event.sender.login }}" -m ":ci skip all :ci run dl"
+            -m "Created by: ${{ github.event.sender.login }}" -m ":ci skip all"
          git push origin --force ${{ github.event.ref }}:release

      - name: Get target commitish
@@ -228,7 +228,8 @@ jobs:
      origin: ${{ needs.prepare.outputs.target_repo }}
    permissions:
      contents: read
-      packages: write # For package cache
+      packages: write  # For package cache
+      actions: write  # For cleaning up cache
    secrets:
      GPG_SIGNING_KEY: ${{ secrets.GPG_SIGNING_KEY }}

@@ -324,7 +325,7 @@ jobs:
              "(https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-master-builds/releases/latest \"Master builds\")"' || '' }} > ./RELEASE_NOTES
          printf '\n\n' >> ./RELEASE_NOTES
          cat >> ./RELEASE_NOTES << EOF
-          #### A description of the various files are in the [README](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#release-files)
+          #### A description of the various files is in the [README](https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}#release-files)
          ---
          $(python ./devscripts/make_changelog.py -vv --collapsible)
          EOF
--- a/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/sanitize-comment.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+name: Sanitize comment
+
+on:
+  issue_comment:
+    types: [created, edited]
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+
+jobs:
+  sanitize-comment:
+    name: Sanitize comment
+    if: vars.SANITIZE_COMMENT && !github.event.issue.pull_request
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - name: Sanitize comment
+        uses: yt-dlp/sanitize-comment@v1
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -51,7 +51,6 @@ cookies
 *.srt
 *.ssa
 *.swf
-*.swp
 *.tt
 *.ttml
 *.url
@@ -119,6 +118,7 @@ yt-dlp.zip
 .vscode
 *.sublime-*
 *.code-workspace
+*.swp

 # Lazy extractors
 */extractor/lazy_extractors.py
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ While these steps won't necessarily ensure that no misuse of the account takes p

 ### Is the website primarily used for piracy?

-We follow [youtube-dl's policy](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl#can-you-add-support-for-this-anime-video-site-or-site-which-shows-current-movies-for-free) to not support services that is primarily used for infringing copyright. Additionally, it has been decided to not to support porn sites that specialize in fakes. We also cannot support any service that serves only [DRM protected content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management). 
+We follow [youtube-dl's policy](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl#can-you-add-support-for-this-anime-video-site-or-site-which-shows-current-movies-for-free) to not support services that is primarily used for infringing copyright. Additionally, it has been decided to not to support porn sites that specialize in fakes. We also cannot support any service that serves only [DRM protected content](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_rights_management).



@@ -215,8 +215,8 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo

    ```python
    from .common import InfoExtractor
-    
-    
+
+
    class YourExtractorIE(InfoExtractor):
        _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?yourextractor\.com/watch/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
        _TESTS = [{
@@ -233,7 +233,7 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
                # * MD5 checksum; start the string with 'md5:', e.g.
                #     'description': 'md5:098f6bcd4621d373cade4e832627b4f6',
                # * A regular expression; start the string with 're:', e.g.
-                #     'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
+                #     'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg$',
                # * A count of elements in a list; start the string with 'count:', e.g.
                #     'tags': 'count:10',
                # * Any Python type, e.g.
@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
        def _real_extract(self, url):
            video_id = self._match_id(url)
            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-    
+
            # TODO more code goes here, for example ...
            title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1>(.+?)</h1>', webpage, 'title')

@@ -266,9 +266,9 @@ After you have ensured this site is distributing its content legally, you can fo
    $ hatch fmt --check
    ```

-    You can use `hatch fmt` to automatically fix problems.
+    You can use `hatch fmt` to automatically fix problems. Rules that the linter/formatter enforces should not be disabled with `# noqa` unless a maintainer requests it. The only exception allowed is for old/printf-style string formatting in GraphQL query templates (use `# noqa: UP031`).

-1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython and PyPy for Python 3.8 and above. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
+1. Make sure your code works under all [Python](https://www.python.org/) versions supported by yt-dlp, namely CPython >=3.8 and PyPy >=3.10. Backward compatibility is not required for even older versions of Python.
 1. When the tests pass, [add](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-add) the new files, [commit](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-commit) them and [push](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push) the result, like this:

    ```shell
@@ -302,10 +302,9 @@ Extractors are very fragile by nature since they depend on the layout of the sou
 For extraction to work yt-dlp relies on metadata your extractor extracts and provides to yt-dlp expressed by an [information dictionary](yt_dlp/extractor/common.py#L119-L440) or simply *info dict*. Only the following meta fields in the *info dict* are considered mandatory for a successful extraction process by yt-dlp:

 - `id` (media identifier)
- - `title` (media title)
 - `url` (media download URL) or `formats`

-The aforementioned metafields are the critical data that the extraction does not make any sense without and if any of them fail to be extracted then the extractor is considered completely broken. While all extractors must return a `title`, they must also allow it's extraction to be non-fatal.
+The aforementioned metadata fields are the critical data without which extraction does not make any sense. If any of them fail to be extracted, then the extractor is considered broken. All other metadata extraction should be completely non-fatal.

 For pornographic sites, appropriate `age_limit` must also be returned.

@@ -320,7 +319,7 @@ Say you have some source dictionary `meta` that you've fetched as JSON with HTTP
 ```python
 meta = self._download_json(url, video_id)
 ```
-    
+
 Assume at this point `meta`'s layout is:

 ```python
@@ -750,7 +749,7 @@ Use `url_or_none` for safe URL processing.

 Use `traverse_obj` and `try_call` (superseeds `dict_get` and `try_get`) for safe metadata extraction from parsed JSON.

-Use `unified_strdate` for uniform `upload_date` or any `YYYYMMDD` meta field extraction, `unified_timestamp` for uniform `timestamp` extraction, `parse_filesize` for `filesize` extraction, `parse_count` for count meta fields extraction, `parse_resolution`, `parse_duration` for `duration` extraction, `parse_age_limit` for `age_limit` extraction. 
+Use `unified_strdate` for uniform `upload_date` or any `YYYYMMDD` meta field extraction, `unified_timestamp` for uniform `timestamp` extraction, `parse_filesize` for `filesize` extraction, `parse_count` for count meta fields extraction, `parse_resolution`, `parse_duration` for `duration` extraction, `parse_age_limit` for `age_limit` extraction.

 Explore [`yt_dlp/utils/`](yt_dlp/utils/) for more useful convenience functions.

--- a/57
+++ b/57
@@ -631,3 +631,60 @@ voidful
 vtexier
 WyohKnott
 trueauracoral
+ASertacAkkaya
+axpauls
+chilinux
+hafeoz
+JSubelj
+jucor
+megumintyan
+mgedmin
+Niluge-KiWi
+peisenwang
+TheZ3ro
+tippfehlr
+varunchopra
+DrakoCpp
+PatrykMis
+DinhHuy2010
+exterrestris
+harbhim
+LeSuisse
+DunnesH
+iancmy
+mokrueger
+luvyana
+szantnerb
+hugepower
+scribblemaniac
+Codenade
+Demon000
+Deukhoofd
+grqz
+hibes
+Khaoklong51
+kieraneglin
+lengzuo
+naglis
+ndyanx
+otovalek
+quad
+rakslice
+sahilsinghss73
+tony-hn
+xingchensong
+BallzCrasher
+coreywright
+eric321
+poyhen
+tetra-fox
+444995
+63427083
+allendema
+DarkZeros
+DTrombett
+imranh2
+KarboniteKream
+mikkovedru
+pktiuk
+rubyevadestaxes
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,396 @@
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->

+### 2024.10.22
+
+#### Important changes
+- **Following this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**
+If you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)
+- **py2exe is no longer supported**
+This release's `yt-dlp_min.exe` will be the last, and it's actually a PyInstaller-bundled executable so that yt-dlp users updating their py2exe build with `-U` will be automatically migrated. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10087)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add extractor helpers](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d710a6ca7c622705c0c8c8a3615916f531137d5d) ([#10653](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10653)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Add option `--plugin-dirs`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0f593dca9fa995d88eb763170a932da61c8f24dc) ([#11277](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11277)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [imranh2](https://github.com/imranh2)
+- **cookies**: [Fix compatibility for Python <=3.9 in traceback](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c5f0f58efd8c3930de8202c15a5c53b1b635bd51) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **utils**
+    - `Popen`: [Reset PyInstaller environment](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fbc66e3ab35743cc847a21223c67d88bb463cd9c) ([#11258](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11258)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - `sanitize_path`: [Reimplement function](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/85b87c991af25dcb35630fa94580fd418e78ee33) ([#11198](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11198)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **adobepass**: [Use newer user-agent for provider redirect request](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dcfeea4dd5e5686821350baa6c7767a011944867) ([#11250](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11250)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **afreecatv**: [Adapt extractors to new sooplive.co.kr domain](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46fe60ff19395698a87113b2944453779e04ab9d) ([#11266](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11266)) by [63427083](https://github.com/63427083), [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cda**: [Support folders](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c4d95f67ddc522297bb1fea875255cf94b34d595) ([#10786](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10786)) by [pktiuk](https://github.com/pktiuk)
+- **cwtv**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d43dcb2c5c38f443f84dfc126cd32720e1a1ad6) ([#11230](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11230)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **drtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f4338714241b11d9d43768ae71a25f5e952f677d) ([#11141](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11141)) by [444995](https://github.com/444995)
+- **funk**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8de431ec97a4b62b73df8f686b6e21e462775336) ([#11269](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11269)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/40054cb4a7ebbea30d335d444e6f58b298a3baa0) ([#11196](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11196)) by [DavidSkrundz](https://github.com/DavidSkrundz)
+- **generic**: [Impersonate browser by default](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/edfd095b1917701c5046bd51f9542897c17d41a7) ([#11206](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11206)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **imgur**
+    - [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/87408ccfd772ddf31a8323d8151c24f9577cbc9f) ([#11298](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11298)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5af774d7a36c00bea618c7047c9326532cd3f616) ([#11075](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11075)) by [Deer-Spangle](https://github.com/Deer-Spangle)
+- **patreon**: campaign: [Stricter URL matching](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/babb70960595e2146f06f81affc29c7e713e34e2) ([#11235](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11235)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **reddit**: [Detect and raise when login is required](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cba7868502f04175fecf9ab3e363296aee7ebec2) ([#11202](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11202)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **substack**: [Resolve podcast file extensions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3148c1822f66533998278f0a1cf842b9bea1526a) ([#11275](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11275)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **telecinco**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b7ec08816fb196cd41d392f8331b4eb8366c4f8) ([#11142](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11142)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [DarkZeros](https://github.com/DarkZeros)
+- **tubitv**: [Strip extra whitespace from titles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e68b4c19af122876561a41f2dd8093fae7b417c7) ([#10795](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10795)) by [allendema](https://github.com/allendema)
+- **tver**: [Support series URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ceaea731b6e314dbbdfb2e358d7677785ed0b4fc) ([#9507](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9507)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612), [vvto33](https://github.com/vvto33)
+- **twitter**: spaces: [Allow extraction when not logged in](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/679c68240a26481ea7c07cc0c014745631ea8481) ([#11289](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11289)) by [rubyevadestaxes](https://github.com/rubyevadestaxes)
+- **weverse**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5310fa87f6cb7f66bf42e2520878952fbf6b1652) ([#11215](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11215)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix `comment_count` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7af1ddaaf2a6a0a750373a9ab53c7770af4f9fe4) ([#11274](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11274)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Remove broken `android_producer` client](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fed53d70bdb7d3e37ef63dd7fcf0ef74356167fd) ([#11297](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11297)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Remove broken age-restriction workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ec2f4bf0823a13043f98f5bd0bf6677837bf09dc) ([#11297](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11297)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Support logging in with OAuth](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8635c1d4779da195e71aa281f73aaad702c935e) ([#11001](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11001)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Migrate `py2exe` builds to `win_exe`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609) ([#11256](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11256)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use `macos-13` image for macOS builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/64d84d75ca8c19ec06558cc7c511f5f4f7a822bc) ([#11236](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11236)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - `make_lazy_extractors`: [Force running without plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a830394a21a81a3e9918f9e175abc9fbb21f089) ([#11205](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11205)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [67adeb7](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/67adeb7bab00662ba55d473e405b301abb42fe61) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [DTrombett](https://github.com/DTrombett), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [KarboniteKream](https://github.com/KarboniteKream), [mikkovedru](https://github.com/mikkovedru), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**: [Allow running tests explicitly](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/16eb28026a2ddf5608d0a628ef15949b8d3805a9) ([#11203](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11203)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+### 2024.10.07
+
+#### Core changes
+- **cookies**: [Fix cookie load error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e59c82a74cda5139eb3928c75b0bd45484dbe7f0) ([#11140](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11140)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **applepodcasts**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6328e2e67a4e126e08af382e6a387073082d5c5f) ([#10903](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10903)) by [coreywright](https://github.com/coreywright)
+- **cwtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b7bec66d8100978b82bb24110ed44e2a7749931) ([#11135](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11135)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **instagram**
+    - [Do not hardcode user-agent](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/079a7bc334281d3c13d347770ae5f9f2b7da471a) ([#11155](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11155)) by [poyhen](https://github.com/poyhen)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cf85cba5d9496bd2689e1070005b4d1b4cd3dc6d) ([#11156](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11156)) by [tetra-fox](https://github.com/tetra-fox)
+- **noodlemagazine**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ccb23e1bac9768d1c70535beb744e668ed4a2720) ([#11144](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11144)) by [BallzCrasher](https://github.com/BallzCrasher)
+- **patreon**: [Extract all m3u8 formats for locked posts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f91645aceaf13926cf35be2c1dfef61b3aab97fb) ([#11138](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11138)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**: [Change default player clients to `ios,mweb`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de2062753a188060d76f587e45becce61fe399f9) ([#11190](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11190)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- **xattrmetadata**: [Try to write each attribute](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a193346eeb27ac2959ff30c370adb899ec94732) ([#11115](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11115)) by [eric321](https://github.com/eric321)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **ci**: [Rerun failed tests](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b31b81d85f00601710d4fac590c3e4efb4133283) ([#11143](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11143)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [1a176d8](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a176d874e6772cd898ce507379ea388e96ee3f7) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.09.27
+
+#### Important changes
+- **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.9**
+Since Python 3.8 will reach end-of-life in October 2024, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Allow `none` arg to negate `--convert-subs` and `--convert-thumbnails`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c08e0b20b5edd8957b8318716bc14e896d1b96f4) ([#11066](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11066)) by [kieraneglin](https://github.com/kieraneglin)
+- [Fix format sorting bug with vp9.2 vcodec](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f4ea14680c7865d8ffac10a9174205d1d84ada7) ([#10884](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10884)) by [rakslice](https://github.com/rakslice)
+- [Raise minimum recommended Python version to 3.9](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cca534cd9e6850c70244f225a4a1895ef4bcdbec) ([#11098](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11098)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cookies**: [Improve error message for Windows `--cookies-from-browser chrome` issue](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b397a64691421ace5df09457c2a764821a2dc6f2) ([#11090](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11090)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**: `mimetype2ext`: [Recognize `aacp` as `aac`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc85596d5b59f0c14e9381b3675f619c1e12e597) ([#10860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10860)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- [Fix JW Player format parsing](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/409f8e9e3b4bde81ef76fc563256f876d2ff8099) ([#10956](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10956)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- [Handle decode errors when reading responses](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/325001317d97f4545d66fac44c4ba772c6f45f22) ([#10868](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10868)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **abc.net.au**: iview, showseries: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7f909046f4dc0fba472b4963145aef6e0d42491b) ([#11101](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11101)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **adn**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc88a54bb1ef285154775f8a6a413335ce4c71ce) ([#10749](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10749)) by [infanf](https://github.com/infanf)
+- **asobistage**: [Support redirected URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a7d3235c84dac57a127cbe0ff38f7f7c2fdd8fa0) ([#10768](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10768)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **bandcamp**: user: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5d0176547f16a3642cd71627126e9dfc24981e20) ([#10328](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10328)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [quad](https://github.com/quad)
+- **beacon**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b4760c778d0c92c6e3f2bc8346cd72c8f08595ae) ([#9901](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9901)) by [Deukhoofd](https://github.com/Deukhoofd)
+- **bilibili**
+    - [Fix chapters and subtitles extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a2000bc85730c950351d78bb818493dc39dca3cb) ([#11099](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11099)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix festival URL support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b43bd864851f2862e26caa85461c5d825d49d463) ([#10740](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10740)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **biliintl**: [Fix referer header](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a06bb586795ebab87a2356923acfc674d6f0e152) ([#11003](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11003)) by [Khaoklong51](https://github.com/Khaoklong51)
+- **dropbox**: [Fix password-protected video support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/63da31b3b29af90062d8a72a905ffe4b5e499042) ([#10735](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10735)) by [ndyanx](https://github.com/ndyanx)
+- **ertgr**: [Fix video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/416686ed0cf792ec44ab059f3b229dd776077e14) ([#11091](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11091)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **eurosport**: [Support local URL variants](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0bb28504c8c2b75ee3e5796aed50de2a7f90a1b) ([#10785](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10785)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **facebook**
+    - ads: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d62fef7e07d454c0d2ba2d69fb96d691dba1ded0) ([#10704](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10704)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+    - reel: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0e1b941c6b2caa688b0d3332e723d16dbafa4311) by [lengzuo](https://github.com/lengzuo)
+- **germanupa**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/124f058b546d652a359c67025bb479789bfbef0b) ([#10538](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10538)) by [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **hgtvde**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a555389c9bb32e589e00b4664974423fb7b04dcd) ([#10992](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10992)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [rdamas](https://github.com/rdamas)
+- **huya**: video: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/25c1cdaa2650563494d3bf00a38f72d0d9486bff) ([#10686](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10686)) by [hugepower](https://github.com/hugepower)
+- **iprima**: [Fix zoom URL support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4a27b8f092f7f7c10b7a334d3535c97c2af02f0a) ([#10959](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10959)) by [otovalek](https://github.com/otovalek)
+- **khanacademy**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0fba08485b6445b72b5b63ae23ca2a73fa5d967f) ([#10913](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10913)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **kick**
+    - clips: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0aa4426e9a35f7f8e184f1f2082b3b313c1448f7) ([#11107](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11107)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - vod: [Support new URL format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/173d54c151b987409e3eb09552d8d89ed8fc50f7) ([#10988](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10988)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz)
+- **kika**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e6f48ca80821939c1fd11ec2a0cdbf2fba9b258a) ([#5788](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5788)) by [1100101](https://github.com/1100101)
+- **lnkgo**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fa83d0b36bc43d30fe9241c1e923f4614864b758) ([#10904](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10904)) by [naglis](https://github.com/naglis)
+- **loom**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7509d692b37a7ec6230ea75bfe1e44a8de5eefce) ([#10760](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10760)) by [kclauhk](https://github.com/kclauhk)
+- **mediaklikk**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e2b3634e299be9c16a247ece3b1858d83889c324) ([#11083](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11083)) by [szantnerb](https://github.com/szantnerb)
+- **mojevideo**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/28b0ecba2af5b4919f198474b3d00a76ef322c31) ([#11019](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11019)) by [04-pasha-04](https://github.com/04-pasha-04), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **niconico**: [Fix m3u8 formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eabb4680fdb09ba1f48d174a700a2e3b43f82add) ([#11103](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11103)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **nzz**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4a9bc8c3630378bc29f0266126b503f6190c0430) ([#10461](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10461)) by [1-Byte](https://github.com/1-Byte)
+- **patreoncampaign**: [Support API URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/232e6db30c474d1b387e405342f34173ceeaf832) ([#10734](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10734)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [hibes](https://github.com/hibes)
+- **pinterest**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8c078fe28b0ffc15ef9646346c00c592fe71a78) ([#10867](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10867)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [sahilsinghss73](https://github.com/sahilsinghss73)
+- **radiko**: [Extract unique `id` values](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c8d096c5ce111411fbdbe2abb8fed54f317a6182) ([#10726](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10726)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **rtp**: [Support more subpages](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d02df303d8e49390599db9f34482697e4d1cf5b2) ([#10787](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10787)) by [Demon000](https://github.com/Demon000)
+- **rumblechannel**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad0b857f459a6d390fbf124183916218c52f223a) ([#11049](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11049)) by [tony-hn](https://github.com/tony-hn)
+- **rutube**: [Support livestreams](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41be32e78c3845000dbac188ffb90ea3ea7c4dfa) ([#10844](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10844)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **samplefocus**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46f4c80bc363ee8116c33d37f65202e6c3470954) ([#10947](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10947)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **screenrec**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/36f9e602ad55679764bc75a4f67f7562b1d6adcf) ([#10917](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10917)) by [naglis](https://github.com/naglis)
+- **sen**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/41a241ca6ffb95b3d9aaf4f42106ca8cba9af1a6) ([#10952](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10952)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **servus**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/300c91274f7ea5b1b0528fc5ee11cf1a61d4079e) ([#10944](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10944)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **snapchatspotlight**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b37417e4f934fd8909788b493d017777155b0ae5) ([#11030](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11030)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **svtpage**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5a8a05aebb49693e78e1123015837ed5e961ff76) ([#11010](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11010)) by [diman8](https://github.com/diman8)
+- **tenplay**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d8d473002b654ab0e7b97ead869f58b4361eeae1) ([#10928](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10928)) by [aarubui](https://github.com/aarubui)
+- **tiktok**: [Fix web formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3ad0b7f422d547204df687b6d0b2d9110fff3990) ([#11074](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11074)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **twitter**: spaces: [Support video spaces](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bef1d4d6fc9493fda7f75e2289c07c507d10092f) ([#10789](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10789)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vidflex**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e978c312d6550a6ae4c9df18001afb1b420cb72f) ([#10002](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10002)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+- **vimeo**
+    - [Always try to extract original format](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4115c24d157c5b5f63089d75c4e0f51d1f8b4489) ([#10721](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10721)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [e8e6a98](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e8e6a982a1b659eed434d225d7922f632bac6568) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev))
+    - [Fix HLS audio format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a1b4ac2b8ed8e6eaa56044d439f1e0d00c2ba218) ([#11082](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11082)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **watchespn**: [Improve auth support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7adff8caf152dcf96d03aff69ed8545c0a63567c) ([#10910](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10910)) by [ischmidt20](https://github.com/ischmidt20)
+- **wistia**: [Support password-protected videos](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9f5c9a90898c5a1e672922d9cd799716c73cee34) ([#11100](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11100)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ximalaya**: [Add VIP support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3dfd720d098b4d49d69cfc77e6376f22bcd90934) ([#10832](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10832)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [xingchensong](https://github.com/xingchensong)
+- **xinpianchang**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3aa0156e05662923d130ddbc1c82596e38c01a00) ([#10950](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10950)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **yleareena**: [Support podcasts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/48d629d461e05b1b19f5e53dc959bb9ebe95da42) ([#11104](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11104)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add `po_token`, `visitor_data`, `data_sync_id` extractor args](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a3bd00037e9908e87da4fa9f2ad772aa34dc60e) ([#10648](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10648)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev) (With fixes in [fa2be9a](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fa2be9a7c63babede07480151363e54eee5702bd) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly))
+    - [Support excluding `player_client`s in extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/49f3741a820ed142f6866317c2e7d247b130960e) ([#10710](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10710)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - clip: [Prioritize `https` formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d84b780cf33a1d84756825ac23f990a905703df) ([#11102](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11102)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Fix shorts tab extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9431777b4c37129a6093080c77ca59960afbb9d7) ([#10938](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10938)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Fix handler not being added to RequestError](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d1c4d88b2d912e8da5e76db455562ca63b1af690) ([#10955](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10955)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- [Pin `curl-cffi` version to < 0.7.2](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5bb1aa04dafce13ba9de707ea53169fab58b5207) ([#11092](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11092)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **Request Handler**: websockets: [Upgrade websockets to 13.0](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6f9e6537434562d513d0c9b68ced8a61ade94a64) ([#10815](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10815)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump PyInstaller version pin to `>=6.10.0`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fb8b7f226d251e521a89b23c415e249e5b788e5c) ([#10709](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10709)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Pin `delocate` version for `macos`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7e41628ff523b3fe373b0981a5db441358980dab) ([#10901](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10901)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **ci**
+    - [Add comment sanitization workflow](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b6200bdcf3a9415ae36859188f9a57e3e461c696) ([#10915](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10915)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Add issue tracker anti-spam protection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad9a8115aa29a1a95c961b16fcf129a228d98f50) ([#10861](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10861)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [c6387ab](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c6387abc1af9842bb0541288a5610abba9b1ab51) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Codenade](https://github.com/Codenade), [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [grqz](https://github.com/grqz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.08.06
+
+#### Core changes
+- **jsinterp**: [Improve `slice` implementation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bb8bf1db993f59752d20b73b861bd55e40cf0e31) ([#10664](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10664)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **discoveryplusitaly**: [Support sport and olympics URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e7d73bc4531ee3f91a46b15e218dcc1fbeb6226c) ([#10655](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10655)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: live: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fc5eecfa31c9571b6031cc3968aaa0394be55d7a) ([#10565](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10565)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [scribblemaniac](https://github.com/scribblemaniac)
+- **niconico**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4d9231208332d4c32364b8cd814bff8b20232cae) ([#10677](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10677)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **olympics**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/919540a9644e55deb78cdd6751757ec8fdaf76f4) ([#10625](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10625)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youku**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0088c6de23d832b117061a33e984dc452d992e9c) ([#10626](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10626)) by [hugepower](https://github.com/hugepower)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Change default player clients to `ios,web_creator`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/406f4c2e47502fffc1b0c210b4ee6487c89a44cb) ([#10674](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10674)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix `n` function name extraction for player `b12cc44b`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c86891eb9434b4d7eec426d38c0c625b5e13cb2f) ([#10668](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10668)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.08.01
+
+#### Core changes
+- **utils**: `unified_timestamp`: [Recognize Sunday](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6daf2c27c0464fba98337be30de0b66d520d0db1) ([#10589](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10589)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **abematv**: [Fix availability extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ef36d517f9b05785d61abca7691d9ab7d63cc75c) ([#10569](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10569)) by [middlingphys](https://github.com/middlingphys)
+- **cbc.ca**: player: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/94a1c5e642e468cebeb51f74c6c220434cb47d96) ([#10302](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10302)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [trainman261](https://github.com/trainman261)
+- **discoveryplus**: [Support olympics URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b7728618417e1aa382722a4d29b916b594d4459) ([#10566](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10566)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **kick**: clips: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bb3936ae2b3ce96d0b53f9e17cad1082058f032b) ([#10572](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10572)) by [luvyana](https://github.com/luvyana)
+- **learningonscreen**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fe15d3178e242803ae7a934b90137f13598eba2e) ([#10590](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10590)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **mediaklikk**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7e3e4779ad13e4511c9ba3869879e53f0267bd7a) ([#10605](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10605)) by [szantnerb](https://github.com/szantnerb)
+- **mlbtv**: [Fix makeup game extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b69e1b53ea21e631cd5dd68ff531e2f1671ec17) ([#10607](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10607)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **olympics**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2f1ddfe12a2c174bc777264c5c8ffe7ca0922d94) ([#10604](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10604)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tva**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/28d485714fef88937c82635438afba5db81f9089) ([#10567](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10567)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tver**: [Support olympic URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5260696b1cba77161828941fdb38f09f14ac6c60) ([#10600](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10600)) by [vvto33](https://github.com/vvto33)
+- **vimeo**: review: [Fix password-protected video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2b6df93a243bdfb9d6bb5c1e18020625cd02d465) ([#10598](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10598)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Change default player clients to `ios,tv`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/efb42763dec23ccf6a2e3bac3afbfefce8efd012) ([#10457](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10457)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Fix `n` function name extraction for player `20dfca59`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/011b4a04db2a636c3ef0a0ad4e2d3ae482c9fd76) ([#10611](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10611)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix age-verification workaround](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d19fcb934269465fd707e68a87f735ec6983e93d) ([#10610](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10610)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0e539617a41913c7da1edd74fb6543c10ad727b3) ([#10573](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10573)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [ffd7781](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ffd7781d6588926f820b44a34b9e6e3068fb9f97) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.25
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **abematv**: [Adapt key retrieval to request handler framework](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a3bab4752a2b3d56e5a59b4e0411bb8f695c010b) ([#10491](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10491)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **facebook**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1a34a802f44a1dab8f642c79c3cc810e21541d3b) ([#10531](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10531)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **mlbtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0993391e6052ec8f7aacc286609564f226943b9) ([#10515](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10515)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tiktok**: [Fix and deprioritize JSON subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2f97779f335ac069ecccd9c7bf81abf4a83cfe7a) ([#10516](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10516)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Fix chapters extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a0a1bc3d8d8e3bb9a48a06e835815a0460e90e77) ([#10544](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10544)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**: [Fix `n` function name extraction for player `3400486c`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/713b4cd18f00556771af8cfdd9cea6cc1a09e948) ([#10542](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10542)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**: [Pin `setuptools` version](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e046db8a116b1c320d4785daadd48ea0b22a3987) ([#10493](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10493)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.16
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix `noprogress` if `test=True` with `--quiet` and `--verbose`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/66ce3d76d87af3f81cc9dfec4be4704016cb1cdb) ([#10454](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10454)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Support `auto-tty` and `no_color-tty` for `--color`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d9cbced493cae2008508d94a2db5dd98be7c01fc) ([#10453](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10453)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **update**: [Fix network error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ed1b9ed93dd90d2cc960c0d8eaa9d919db224203) ([#10486](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10486)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **utils**: `parse_codecs`: [Fix parsing of mixed case codec strings](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc0070f6496e501d77352bad475fb02d6a86846a) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **adn**: [Adjust for .com domain change](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/959b7a379b8e5da059d110a63339c964b6265736) ([#10399](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10399)) by [infanf](https://github.com/infanf)
+- **afreecatv**: [Fix login and use `legacy_ssl`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4cd41469243624d90b7a2009b95cbe0609343efe) ([#10440](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10440)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **box**: [Support enterprise URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/705f5b84dec75cc7af97f42fd1530e8062735970) ([#10419](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10419)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **digitalconcerthall**: [Extract HEVC and FLAC formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e62fa6b0e0186f8c5666c2c5ab64cf191abdafc1) ([#10470](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10470)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **dplay**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/39e6c4cb44b9292e89ac0afec3cd0afc2ae8775f) ([#10471](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10471)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **epidemicsound**: [Support sound effects URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8531d2b03bac9cc746f2ee8098aaf8f115505f5b) ([#10436](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10436)) by [iancmy](https://github.com/iancmy)
+- **generic**: [Fix direct video link extensions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b9afb99e7c34d0eb15ddc6689cd7d20eebfda68e) ([#10468](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10468)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **picarto**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bacd18b7df08b4995644fd12cee1f8c8e8636bc7) ([#10414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10414)) by [Frankgoji](https://github.com/Frankgoji)
+- **soundcloud**: permalink, user: [Extract tracks only](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/22870b81bad97dfa6307a7add44753b2dffc76a9) ([#10463](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10463)) by [DunnesH](https://github.com/DunnesH)
+- **tiktok**: live: [Fix room ID extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d2189d3d36987ebeac426fd70a60a5fe86325a2b) ([#10408](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10408)) by [mokrueger](https://github.com/mokrueger)
+- **tv5monde**: [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9b95a6765a5f6325af99c4aca961587f0c426e8c) ([#10417](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10417)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly) (With fixes in [cc1a309](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc1a3098c00995c6aebc2a16bd1050a66bad64db))
+- **youtube**
+    - [Avoid poToken experiment player responses](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8b8b442cb005a8d85315f301615f83fb736b967a) ([#10456](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10456)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev) (With fixes in [16da8ef](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/16da8ef9937ff76632dfef02e5062c5ba99c8ea2))
+    - [Invalidate nsig cache from < 2024.07.09](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/04e17ba20a139f1b3e30ec4bafa3fba26888f0b3) ([#10401](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10401)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Reduce android client priority](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b85eef0a615a01304f88a3847309c667e09a20df) ([#10467](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10467)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Add `legacy_ssl` request extension](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/150ecc45d9cacc919550c13b04fd998ac5103a6b) ([#10448](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10448)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- **Request Handler**: curl_cffi: [Support `curl_cffi` 0.7.X](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/42bfca00a6b460fc053514cdd7ac6f5b5daddf0c) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Include `curl_cffi` in `yt-dlp_linux`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4521f30d1479315cd5c3bf4abdad19391952df98) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Pin `curl-cffi` to 0.5.10 for Windows](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ac30941ae682f71eab010877c9a977736a61d3cf) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [89a161e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/89a161e8c62569a662deda1c948664152efcb6b4) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.09
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Do not alter default format selection when simulated](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0b570f2a90ce2363ba06089217514d644e7be2e0) ([#9862](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9862)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **youtube**: [Remove broken `n` function extraction fallback](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7ead7332af69422cee931aec3faa277288e9e212) ([#10396](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10396)) by [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.07.08
+
+#### Core changes
+- **jsinterp**: [Implement `Function.prototype` resolving for `call` and `apply`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6c056ea7aeb03660281653a9668547f2548f194f) ([#10392](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10392)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **soundcloud**: [Fix rate-limit handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4b50b292cc98534fb8c7cdf0ae5cb85862f7ebfc) ([#10389](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10389)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**: [Fix JS `n` function name extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/297b0a379282a15c80d82d51f3757c961db2dae1) ([#10390](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10390)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+### 2024.07.07
+
+#### Important changes
+- Security: [[ie/douyutv] Do not use dangerous javascript source/URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-3v33-3wmw-3785)
+    - A dependency on potentially malicious third-party JavaScript code has been removed from the Douyu extractors
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Address gaps in allowed extensions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2469119490d7e0397ebbf5c5ae327316f955eef2) ([#10362](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10362)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Fix `--ignore-no-formats-error`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cc767e9490056efaaa11c186b0d032e4b4969180) ([#10345](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10345)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **abematv**: [Extract availability](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2a1a1b8e67e864289ac7ba5d05ec63dbb19a639f) ([#10348](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10348)) by [middlingphys](https://github.com/middlingphys)
+- **chzzk**: [Extract with API v3](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4862a29854d4044120e3f97b52199711ad04bee1) ([#10363](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10363)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+- **douyutv**: [Do not use dangerous javascript source/URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6075a029dba70a89675ae1250e7cdfd91f0eba41) ([#10347](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10347)) by [LeSuisse](https://github.com/LeSuisse)
+- **jiosaavn**: playlist: [Support featured playlists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f0f867f008a1728f5f6ac1224b9e014b5d27f817) ([#10382](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10382)) by [harbhim](https://github.com/harbhim)
+- **vidyard**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/00766ece0c5c7a80781a4ff677198c5fb69d9dc0) ([#10155](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10155)) by [exterrestris](https://github.com/exterrestris)
+- **vimeo**: [Fix password-protected video extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c1c9bb4adb42d0d93a2fb5d93a7de0a87b6ba884) ([#10341](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10341)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vtv**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/987a1f94c24275f2b0cd82e719956687415dd732) ([#10173](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10173)) by [DinhHuy2010](https://github.com/DinhHuy2010)
+- **yle_areena**
+    - [Fix metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4cdc976bd861b5835601ae402bef543eacd88f3d) ([#10380](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10380)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Fix subtitle extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0d174e8bed32081eb38ef7f5d1a1282ae154f517) ([#10379](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10379)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [b337d29](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b337d2989ce0614651d363383f6f743d977248ef) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.02
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix `--compat-opt allow-unsafe-ext`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/773bbb181506856ffda95496ab60c1c9603f1f71) ([#10336](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10336)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [rdamas](https://github.com/rdamas)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **banbye**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7509791385ba88cb7ec0ab17e826681f4af4b66e) ([#10332](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10332)) by [PatrykMis](https://github.com/PatrykMis), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **murrtube**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6403530e2dfe259a87afe444708c4f3024cc45b8) ([#9249](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9249)) by [DrakoCpp](https://github.com/DrakoCpp)
+- **zaiko**: [Support JWT video URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7799e518956387bb3c1064c9beae26eab8d5044a) ([#10130](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10130)) by [pzhlkj6612](https://github.com/pzhlkj6612)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- **embedthumbnail**: [Fix embedding with mutagen](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d502f4c6d95b74896f40070d07229997f0850f31) ([#10337](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10337)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [93d33cb](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/93d33cb29af9e2e84369ac43589d50ce8e0160ef) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+### 2024.07.01
+
+#### Important changes
+- Security: [[CVE-2024-38519](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38519)] [Properly sanitize file-extension to prevent file system modification and RCE](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j)
+    - Unsafe extensions are now blocked from being downloaded
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add `playlist_channel` and `playlist_channel_id` fields](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/55e3e6fd21e741ec5ae3d8624de5e5ea345810eb) ([#10266](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10266)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- [Disallow unsafe extensions (CVE-2024-38519)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5ce582448ececb8d9c30c8c31f58330090ced03a) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cookies**: [Fix `--cookies-from-browser` DE detection on Linux](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a8520244b8642880e4d35925e9e49eff94d548de) ([#10237](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10237)) by [peisenwang](https://github.com/peisenwang)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **afreecatv**
+    - [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e8352ad6599de7b5371dc39a1a1edc7890aaedb4) ([#10174](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10174)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+    - catchstory: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/054a3ba7d1293f9fbe21800d62d1e5ddcbded238) ([#10235](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10235)) by [hui1601](https://github.com/hui1601)
+- **bilibili**: [Support legacy formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d6ab17d0752ee9cf19e3e63c7dec7b600d3f228) ([#9117](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9117)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt), [GD-Slime](https://github.com/GD-Slime)
+- **bitchute**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5b1a2aa978d0074cee278e7659f32f52ecc4ab53) ([#10301](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10301)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **brightcove**: [Upgrade requests to HTTPS](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/90c3721a322756bb7f4ca10ceb73744500bee37e) ([#10202](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10202)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cloudflarestream**: [Fix `_VALID_URL` and embed extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7aa322c02cec54eb77154a89da7e400194f0bd03) ([#10215](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10215)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cloudycdn**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b758877afa225747fba81c8a580e27583a231734) ([#10271](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10271)) by [Caesim404](https://github.com/Caesim404)
+- **digitalconcerthall**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2a4f2e82dbeeb0c9130883c83dac689d5260c871) ([#10152](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10152)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [tippfehlr](https://github.com/tippfehlr)
+- **facebook**: reel: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8ca1d57ed08d00efa117820a5a82f763b20e2d1d) ([#10232](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10232)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **francetv**
+    - [Detect and raise errors for DRM](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3690c2f59827c79a1bbe388a7c1ae75db7477db2) ([#10165](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10165)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/081708d6074dfbb907e25af61ba530bba0d4b31d) ([#10177](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10177)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **generic**: [Add `key_query` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5dbac313ae4e3e8521dfe2e1a6a048a98ff4b4fe) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **graspop**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d369b4096d79233e0ac2c93762746a64d7a69c8) ([#10268](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10268)) by [Niluge-KiWi](https://github.com/Niluge-KiWi)
+- **jiocinema**: series: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/61714f46956f61612032bba857aed7ad1387eccd) ([#10139](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10139)) by [varunchopra](https://github.com/varunchopra)
+- **khanacademy**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4093eb1fcc29a0e2aea9adfcba479787d9ae0c0c) ([#9136](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9136)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **laracasts**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8da8a98f897599095d4ef1644b8c5fd39921118) ([#10055](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10055)) by [ASertacAkkaya](https://github.com/ASertacAkkaya), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **matchtv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f3411af12e209bc5624e1ac31271b8aabe2d3c90) ([#10190](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10190)) by [megumintyan](https://github.com/megumintyan)
+- **mediasite**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0953209a857c51648aee89d205c086b0e1dd3864) ([#10273](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10273)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **microsoftembed**: [Add extractors for dev materials](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9200bc70c94546b2191bb6fbfc9cea98a919cc56) ([#9177](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9177)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **mlbtv**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/61edf57f8f13f6dfd81154174e647eb5fdd26089) ([#10296](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10296)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **neteasemusic**: [Extract more formats from new API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7a03f88c40b80d3cf54f68edd9d4bdd6aa527570) ([#10258](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10258)) by [hafeoz](https://github.com/hafeoz)
+- **nhkradiru**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8e2a5e0e1030076f833917906e19bb6c7b318f6) ([#10106](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10106)) by [garret1317](https://github.com/garret1317)
+- **nuum**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/aefede25561a06cba398d4f593eee2fbe942693b) ([#10316](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10316)) by [DmitryScaletta](https://github.com/DmitryScaletta)
+- **orf**
+    - on
+        - [Add `prefer_segments_playlist` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e6a22834df1776ec4e486526f6df2bf53cb7e06f) ([#10314](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10314)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+        - [Support segmented episodes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8b46ad4d8b8ee8c5472af0cde863baa89ca3f425) ([#10053](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10053)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **patreoncampaign**: [Fix `campaign_id` extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2e5a47da400b645aadbda6afd1156bd89c744f48) ([#10070](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10070)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **podbayfm**: [Fix extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d4b52ce3fcb8d9578ed12365648eaba8718c603e) ([#10195](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10195)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **pokergo**: [Make metadata extraction non-fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/36e8dd832579b5375a0f6626af4268b86b4eb21a) ([#10319](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10319)) by [axpauls](https://github.com/axpauls)
+- **qqmusic**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4f5d7be3c5590bb257d8ff521572aee9839ab754) ([#9768](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9768)) by [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt)
+- **rtvslo.si**: show: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/92a1c4abaeeba9a69d611c57b73555cb1a1f00ad) ([#8418](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8418)) by [JSubelj](https://github.com/JSubelj), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **soundcloud**: [Fix `download` format extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e53e56b73543799638fa6abb0c78f8b091aa84e1) ([#10125](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10125)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **sproutvideo**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d6c2c2bc84f1434255be5c73baeb17d893d2c0d4) ([#10098](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10098)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [TheZ3ro](https://github.com/TheZ3ro)
+- **tiktok**
+    - [Detect and raise when login is required](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ea88129784fcbb6987161df9ba05909325d8e2e9) ([#10124](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10124)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix API extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/96472d72f29550c25c5dcedcde02c38c192b0011) ([#10216](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10216)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tubitv**
+    - [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bef9a9e5361fd7a72e21d0f1a8c8afb70d89e8c5) ([#9975](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9975)) by [chilinux](https://github.com/chilinux)
+    - series: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7d861811c15585a4f7ec9d5ae68d2ac28de28a0) ([#10116](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10116)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vimeo**: [Support browser impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d4b99a233314bf31f9c842035ea9884673d5313a) ([#10327](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10327)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Extract all formats from multi-language m3u8s](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9bd85019931927a99b0fe0dc58ac51acca9fbe72) ([#9875](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9875)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [clienthax](https://github.com/clienthax)
+    - [Skip formats if nsig decoding fails](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/800ec085ccf98420584d8bb38c20a2c079669b09) ([#10223](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10223)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Suppress "Unavailable videos are hidden" warning](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/24f3097ea9a470a984d0454dc013cafa2325f5f8) ([#10159](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10159)) by [mgedmin](https://github.com/mgedmin)
+    - tab: [Fix channel metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a0d9967f6822fc279e86bce33464194985148727) ([#10071](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10071)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [shoxie007](https://github.com/shoxie007)
+
+#### Downloader changes
+- **hls**: [Apply `extra_param_to_key_url` from info dict](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ca8885edd93bdf8912af6c22ee335b6222cb9ba9) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Postprocessor changes
+- **embedthumbnail**: [Fix postprocessor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2a4ea1794718e4dc0148bc172cb877f1080903b) ([#10248](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10248)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- **Request Handler**: requests: [Bump minimum `requests` version to 2.32.2](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/db50f19d76c6870a5a13d0cab9287d684fd7449a) ([#10079](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10079)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **build**
+    - [Bump Pyinstaller to `>=6.7.0` for all builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5fdd13006a1c5d78642c8d3c4c7df0448273c2ae) ([#10069](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10069)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Cache dependencies for `macos` job](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/46c1b7cfec1d0e6155083ca7e6948674c64ecb97) ([#10088](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10088)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Use `macos-12` image for `yt-dlp_macos`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/03334d639d5282cd4107edb32c623ba400262fc4) ([#10063](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10063)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cleanup**
+    - [Add more ruff rules](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/add96eb9f84cfffe85682bf2fb85135746994ee8) ([#10149](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10149)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Bump ruff to 0.5.x](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7814c50948a2b9a4c746441ecbc509ae563d5d1f) ([#10282](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10282)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - Miscellaneous: [6aaf96a](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6aaf96a3d6e7d0d426e97e11a2fcf52fda00e733) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [c-basalt](https://github.com/c-basalt), [jucor](https://github.com/jucor), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**: download: [Raise on network errors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/54a63e80af82791d2f0985bd0176bb182963fd5f) ([#10283](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10283)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
 ### 2024.05.27

 #### Extractor changes
--- a/Collaborators.md
+++ b/Collaborators.md
@@ -61,3 +61,10 @@ You can also find lists of all [contributors of yt-dlp](CONTRIBUTORS) and [autho
 * Reworked internals like `traverse_obj`, various core refactors and bugs fixes
 * Implemented proper progress reporting for parallel downloads
 * Improved/fixed/added Bundestag, crunchyroll, pr0gramm, Twitter, WrestleUniverse etc
+
+
+## [sepro](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
+* UX improvements: Warn when ffmpeg is missing, warn when double-clicking exe
+* Code cleanup: Remove dead extractors, mark extractors as broken, enable/apply ruff rules
+* Improved/fixed/added ArdMediathek, DRTV, Floatplane, MagentaMusik, Naver, Nebula, OnDemandKorea, Vbox7 etc
--- a/2
+++ b/2
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ clean-test:
 	rm -rf test/testdata/sigs/player-*.js tmp/ *.annotations.xml *.aria2 *.description *.dump *.frag \
 	*.frag.aria2 *.frag.urls *.info.json *.live_chat.json *.meta *.part* *.tmp *.temp *.unknown_video *.ytdl \
 	*.3gp *.ape *.ass *.avi *.desktop *.f4v *.flac *.flv *.gif *.jpeg *.jpg *.lrc *.m4a *.m4v *.mhtml *.mkv *.mov *.mp3 *.mp4 \
-	*.mpg *.mpga *.oga *.ogg *.opus *.png *.sbv *.srt *.ssa *.swf *.swp *.tt *.ttml *.url *.vtt *.wav *.webloc *.webm *.webp
+	*.mpg *.mpga *.oga *.ogg *.opus *.png *.sbv *.srt *.ssa *.swf *.tt *.ttml *.url *.vtt *.wav *.webloc *.webm *.webp
 clean-dist:
 	rm -rf yt-dlp.1.temp.md yt-dlp.1 README.txt MANIFEST build/ dist/ .coverage cover/ yt-dlp.tar.gz completions/ \
 	yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py *.spec CONTRIBUTING.md.tmp yt-dlp yt-dlp.exe yt_dlp.egg-info/ AUTHORS
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 [![YT-DLP](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/master/.github/banner.svg)](#readme)

 [![Release version](https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/yt-dlp/yt-dlp?color=brightgreen&label=Download&style=for-the-badge)](#installation "Installation")
-[![PyPi](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPi-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp "PyPi")
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPI-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp "PyPI")
 [![Donate](https://img.shields.io/badge/_-Donate-red.svg?logo=githubsponsors&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](Collaborators.md#collaborators "Donate")
 [![Matrix](https://img.shields.io/matrix/yt-dlp:matrix.org?color=brightgreen&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=element&style=for-the-badge)](https://matrix.to/#/#yt-dlp:matrix.org "Matrix")
 [![Discord](https://img.shields.io/discord/807245652072857610?color=blue&labelColor=555555&label=&logo=discord&style=for-the-badge)](https://discord.gg/H5MNcFW63r "Discord")
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ yt-dlp is a feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader with support for [t
 [![Windows](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Windows_x64-blue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=windows)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.exe)
 [![Unix](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Linux/BSD-red.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=linux)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp)
 [![MacOS](https://img.shields.io/badge/-MacOS-lightblue.svg?style=for-the-badge&logo=apple)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_macos)
-[![PyPi](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPi-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp)
+[![PyPI](https://img.shields.io/badge/-PyPI-blue.svg?logo=pypi&labelColor=555555&style=for-the-badge)](https://pypi.org/project/yt-dlp)
 [![Source Tarball](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Source_tar-green.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp.tar.gz)
 [![Other variants](https://img.shields.io/badge/-Other-grey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](#release-files)
 [![All versions](https://img.shields.io/badge/-All_Versions-lightgrey.svg?style=for-the-badge)](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases)
@@ -106,7 +106,6 @@ File|Description
 File|Description
 :---|:---
 [yt-dlp_x86.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_x86.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x86 (32-bit) binary
-[yt-dlp_min.exe](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_min.exe)|Windows (Win7 SP1+) standalone x64 binary built with `py2exe`<br/> ([Not recommended](#standalone-py2exe-builds-windows))
 [yt-dlp_linux](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux)|Linux standalone x64 binary
 [yt-dlp_linux_armv7l](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_armv7l)|Linux standalone armv7l (32-bit) binary
 [yt-dlp_linux_aarch64](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/releases/latest/download/yt-dlp_linux_aarch64)|Linux standalone aarch64 (64-bit) binary
@@ -141,7 +140,7 @@ You can use `yt-dlp -U` to update if you are using the [release binaries](#relea

 If you [installed with pip](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation#with-pip), simply re-run the same command that was used to install the program

-For other third-party package managers, see [the wiki](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation#third-party-package-managers) or refer their documentation
+For other third-party package managers, see [the wiki](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Installation#third-party-package-managers) or refer to their documentation

 <a id="update-channels"></a>

@@ -173,21 +172,21 @@ python3 -m pip install -U --pre "yt-dlp[default]"
 ```

 ## DEPENDENCIES
-Python versions 3.8+ (CPython and PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.
+Python versions 3.8+ (CPython) and 3.10+ (PyPy) are supported. Other versions and implementations may or may not work correctly.

 <!-- Python 3.5+ uses VC++14 and it is already embedded in the binary created
 <!x-- https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/details.aspx?id=26999 --x>
-On windows, [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe) is also necessary to run yt-dlp. You probably already have this, but if the executable throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` you need to install it manually.
+On Windows, [Microsoft Visual C++ 2010 SP1 Redistributable Package (x86)](https://download.microsoft.com/download/1/6/5/165255E7-1014-4D0A-B094-B6A430A6BFFC/vcredist_x86.exe) is also necessary to run yt-dlp. You probably already have this, but if the executable throws an error due to missing `MSVCR100.dll` you need to install it manually.
 -->

 While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly recommended

 ### Strongly recommended

-* [**ffmpeg** and **ffprobe**](https://www.ffmpeg.org) - Required for [merging separate video and audio files](#format-selection) as well as for various [post-processing](#post-processing-options) tasks. License [depends on the build](https://www.ffmpeg.org/legal.html)
+* [**ffmpeg** and **ffprobe**](https://www.ffmpeg.org) - Required for [merging separate video and audio files](#format-selection), as well as for various [post-processing](#post-processing-options) tasks. License [depends on the build](https://www.ffmpeg.org/legal.html)

    There are bugs in ffmpeg that cause various issues when used alongside yt-dlp. Since ffmpeg is such an important dependency, we provide [custom builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds#ffmpeg-static-auto-builds) with patches for some of these issues at [yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds](https://github.com/yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds). See [the readme](https://github.com/yt-dlp/FFmpeg-Builds#patches-applied) for details on the specific issues solved by these builds
-    
+
    **Important**: What you need is ffmpeg *binary*, **NOT** [the Python package of the same name](https://pypi.org/project/ffmpeg)

 ### Networking
@@ -198,11 +197,11 @@ While all the other dependencies are optional, `ffmpeg` and `ffprobe` are highly

 #### Impersonation

-The following provide support for impersonating browser requests. This may be required for some sites that employ TLS fingerprinting. 
+The following provide support for impersonating browser requests. This may be required for some sites that employ TLS fingerprinting.

-* [**curl_cffi**](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi) (recommended) - Python binding for [curl-impersonate](https://github.com/lwthiker/curl-impersonate). Provides impersonation targets for Chrome, Edge and Safari. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/yifeikong/curl_cffi/blob/main/LICENSE)
+* [**curl_cffi**](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi) (recommended) - Python binding for [curl-impersonate](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl-impersonate). Provides impersonation targets for Chrome, Edge and Safari. Licensed under [MIT](https://github.com/lexiforest/curl_cffi/blob/main/LICENSE)
  * Can be installed with the `curl-cffi` group, e.g. `pip install "yt-dlp[default,curl-cffi]"`
-  * Currently only included in `yt-dlp.exe` and `yt-dlp_macos` builds
+  * Currently included in `yt-dlp.exe`, `yt-dlp_linux` and `yt-dlp_macos` builds


 ### Metadata
@@ -260,25 +259,13 @@ After installing these, simply run `make`.

 You can also run `make yt-dlp` instead to compile only the binary without updating any of the additional files. (The build tools marked with **\*** are not needed for this)

-### Standalone Py2Exe Builds (Windows)
-
-While we provide the option to build with [py2exe](https://www.py2exe.org), it is recommended to build [using PyInstaller](#standalone-pyinstaller-builds) instead since the py2exe builds **cannot contain `pycryptodomex`/`certifi` and need VC++14** on the target computer to run.
-
-If you wish to build it anyway, install Python (if it is not already installed) and you can run the following commands:
-
-```
-py devscripts/install_deps.py --include py2exe
-py devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
-py -m bundle.py2exe
-```
-
 ### Related scripts

 * **`devscripts/install_deps.py`** - Install dependencies for yt-dlp.
-* **`devscripts/update-version.py`** - Update the version number based on current date.
+* **`devscripts/update-version.py`** - Update the version number based on the current date.
 * **`devscripts/set-variant.py`** - Set the build variant of the executable.
 * **`devscripts/make_changelog.py`** - Create a markdown changelog using short commit messages and update `CONTRIBUTORS` file.
-* **`devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py`** - Create lazy extractors. Running this before building the binaries (any variant) will improve their startup performance. Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS=1` if you wish to forcefully disable lazy extractor loading.
+* **`devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py`** - Create lazy extractors. Running this before building the binaries (any variant) will improve their startup performance. Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS` to something nonempty to forcefully disable lazy extractor loading.

 Note: See their `--help` for more info.

@@ -348,6 +335,13 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    containing directory ("-" for stdin). Can be
                                    used multiple times and inside other
                                    configuration files
+    --plugin-dirs PATH              Path to an additional directory to search
+                                    for plugins. This option can be used
+                                    multiple times to add multiple directories.
+                                    Note that this currently only works for
+                                    extractor plugins; postprocessor plugins can
+                                    only be loaded from the default plugin
+                                    directories
    --flat-playlist                 Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
                                    only list them
    --no-flat-playlist              Fully extract the videos of a playlist
@@ -368,7 +362,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    stderr) to apply the setting to. Can be one
                                    of "always", "auto" (default), "never", or
                                    "no_color" (use non color terminal
-                                    sequences). Can be used multiple times
+                                    sequences). Use "auto-tty" or "no_color-tty"
+                                    to decide based on terminal support only.
+                                    Can be used multiple times
    --compat-options OPTS           Options that can help keep compatibility
                                    with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc
                                    configurations by reverting some of the
@@ -442,10 +438,10 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    E.g. "--date today-2weeks" downloads only
                                    videos uploaded on the same day two weeks ago
    --datebefore DATE               Download only videos uploaded on or before
-                                    this date. The date formats accepted is the
+                                    this date. The date formats accepted are the
                                    same as --date
    --dateafter DATE                Download only videos uploaded on or after
-                                    this date. The date formats accepted is the
+                                    this date. The date formats accepted are the
                                    same as --date
    --match-filters FILTER          Generic video filter. Any "OUTPUT TEMPLATE"
                                    field can be compared with a number or a
@@ -456,18 +452,18 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    is not present, and "&" to check multiple
                                    conditions. Use a "\" to escape "&" or
                                    quotes if needed. If used multiple times,
-                                    the filter matches if atleast one of the
-                                    conditions are met. E.g. --match-filter
-                                    !is_live --match-filter "like_count>?100 &
+                                    the filter matches if at least one of the
+                                    conditions is met. E.g. --match-filters
+                                    !is_live --match-filters "like_count>?100 &
                                    description~='(?i)\bcats \& dogs\b'" matches
                                    only videos that are not live OR those that
                                    have a like count more than 100 (or the like
                                    field is not available) and also has a
                                    description that contains the phrase "cats &
-                                    dogs" (caseless). Use "--match-filter -" to
+                                    dogs" (caseless). Use "--match-filters -" to
                                    interactively ask whether to download each
                                    video
-    --no-match-filters              Do not use any --match-filter (default)
+    --no-match-filters              Do not use any --match-filters (default)
    --break-match-filters FILTER    Same as "--match-filters" but stops the
                                    download process when a video is rejected
    --no-break-match-filters        Do not use any --break-match-filters (default)
@@ -488,7 +484,7 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    encountering a file that is in the archive
                                    (default)
    --break-per-input               Alters --max-downloads, --break-on-existing,
-                                    --break-match-filter, and autonumber to
+                                    --break-match-filters, and autonumber to
                                    reset per input URL
    --no-break-per-input            --break-on-existing and similar options
                                    terminates the entire download queue
@@ -674,7 +670,7 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    PROFILE to load cookies from, and the
                                    CONTAINER name (if Firefox) ("none" for no
                                    container) can be given with their
-                                    respective seperators. By default, all
+                                    respective separators. By default, all
                                    containers of the most recently accessed
                                    profile are used. Currently supported
                                    keyrings are: basictext, gnomekeyring,
@@ -730,16 +726,16 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    used. This option can be used multiple times
    --print-to-file [WHEN:]TEMPLATE FILE
                                    Append given template to the file. The
-                                    values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are same as that
-                                    of --print. FILE uses the same syntax as the
-                                    output template. This option can be used
-                                    multiple times
+                                    values of WHEN and TEMPLATE are the same as
+                                    that of --print. FILE uses the same syntax
+                                    as the output template. This option can be
+                                    used multiple times
    -j, --dump-json                 Quiet, but print JSON information for each
                                    video. Simulate unless --no-simulate is
                                    used. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for a
                                    description of available keys
    -J, --dump-single-json          Quiet, but print JSON information for each
-                                    url or infojson passed. Simulate unless
+                                    URL or infojson passed. Simulate unless
                                    --no-simulate is used. If the URL refers to
                                    a playlist, the whole playlist information
                                    is dumped in a single line
@@ -814,9 +810,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
    --no-audio-multistreams         Only one audio stream is downloaded for each
                                    output file (default)
    --prefer-free-formats           Prefer video formats with free containers
-                                    over non-free ones of same quality. Use with
-                                    "-S ext" to strictly prefer free containers
-                                    irrespective of quality
+                                    over non-free ones of the same quality. Use
+                                    with "-S ext" to strictly prefer free
+                                    containers irrespective of quality
    --no-prefer-free-formats        Don't give any special preference to free
                                    containers (default)
    --check-formats                 Make sure formats are selected only from
@@ -841,15 +837,17 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    (default) (Alias: --no-write-automatic-subs)
    --list-subs                     List available subtitles of each video.
                                    Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
-    --sub-format FORMAT             Subtitle format; accepts formats preference,
-                                    e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"
+    --sub-format FORMAT             Subtitle format; accepts formats preference
+                                    separated by "/", e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"
    --sub-langs LANGS               Languages of the subtitles to download (can
                                    be regex) or "all" separated by commas, e.g.
-                                    --sub-langs "en.*,ja". You can prefix the
-                                    language code with a "-" to exclude it from
-                                    the requested languages, e.g. --sub-langs
-                                    all,-live_chat. Use --list-subs for a list
-                                    of available language tags
+                                    --sub-langs "en.*,ja" (where "en.*" is a
+                                    regex pattern that matches "en" followed by
+                                    0 or more of any character). You can prefix
+                                    the language code with a "-" to exclude it
+                                    from the requested languages, e.g. --sub-
+                                    langs all,-live_chat. Use --list-subs for a
+                                    list of available language tags

 ## Authentication Options:
    -u, --username USERNAME         Login with this account ID
@@ -897,9 +895,9 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    necessary (currently supported: avi, flv,
                                    gif, mkv, mov, mp4, webm, aac, aiff, alac,
                                    flac, m4a, mka, mp3, ogg, opus, vorbis,
-                                    wav). If target container does not support
-                                    the video/audio codec, remuxing will fail.
-                                    You can specify multiple rules; e.g.
+                                    wav). If the target container does not
+                                    support the video/audio codec, remuxing will
+                                    fail. You can specify multiple rules; e.g.
                                    "aac>m4a/mov>mp4/mkv" will remux aac to m4a,
                                    mov to mp4 and anything else to mkv
    --recode-video FORMAT           Re-encode the video into another format if
@@ -967,29 +965,29 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    are the same as that of --use-postprocessor
                                    (default: pre_process)
    --xattrs                        Write metadata to the video file's xattrs
-                                    (using dublin core and xdg standards)
+                                    (using Dublin Core and XDG standards)
    --concat-playlist POLICY        Concatenate videos in a playlist. One of
                                    "never", "always", or "multi_video"
                                    (default; only when the videos form a single
-                                    show). All the video files must have same
-                                    codecs and number of streams to be
-                                    concatable. The "pl_video:" prefix can be
+                                    show). All the video files must have the
+                                    same codecs and number of streams to be
+                                    concatenable. The "pl_video:" prefix can be
                                    used with "--paths" and "--output" to set
                                    the output filename for the concatenated
                                    files. See "OUTPUT TEMPLATE" for details
    --fixup POLICY                  Automatically correct known faults of the
                                    file. One of never (do nothing), warn (only
                                    emit a warning), detect_or_warn (the
-                                    default; fix file if we can, warn
-                                    otherwise), force (try fixing even if file
-                                    already exists)
+                                    default; fix the file if we can, warn
+                                    otherwise), force (try fixing even if the
+                                    file already exists)
    --ffmpeg-location PATH          Location of the ffmpeg binary; either the
                                    path to the binary or its containing directory
    --exec [WHEN:]CMD               Execute a command, optionally prefixed with
                                    when to execute it, separated by a ":".
                                    Supported values of "WHEN" are the same as
                                    that of --use-postprocessor (default:
-                                    after_move). Same syntax as the output
+                                    after_move). The same syntax as the output
                                    template can be used to pass any field as
                                    arguments to the command. If no fields are
                                    passed, %(filepath,_filename|)q is appended
@@ -997,12 +995,16 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    be used multiple times
    --no-exec                       Remove any previously defined --exec
    --convert-subs FORMAT           Convert the subtitles to another format
-                                    (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt)
-                                    (Alias: --convert-subtitles)
+                                    (currently supported: ass, lrc, srt, vtt).
+                                    Use "--convert-subs none" to disable
+                                    conversion (default) (Alias: --convert-
+                                    subtitles)
    --convert-thumbnails FORMAT     Convert the thumbnails to another format
                                    (currently supported: jpg, png, webp). You
                                    can specify multiple rules using similar
-                                    syntax as --remux-video
+                                    syntax as "--remux-video". Use "--convert-
+                                    thumbnails none" to disable conversion
+                                    (default)
    --split-chapters                Split video into multiple files based on
                                    internal chapters. The "chapter:" prefix can
                                    be used with "--paths" and "--output" to set
@@ -1023,7 +1025,7 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
    --no-force-keyframes-at-cuts    Do not force keyframes around the chapters
                                    when cutting/splitting (default)
    --use-postprocessor NAME[:ARGS]
-                                    The (case sensitive) name of plugin
+                                    The (case-sensitive) name of plugin
                                    postprocessors to be enabled, and
                                    (optionally) arguments to be passed to it,
                                    separated by a colon ":". ARGS are a
@@ -1036,8 +1038,8 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    --print/--output), "before_dl" (before each
                                    video download), "post_process" (after each
                                    video download; default), "after_move"
-                                    (after moving video file to it's final
-                                    locations), "after_video" (after downloading
+                                    (after moving the video file to its final
+                                    location), "after_video" (after downloading
                                    and processing all formats of a video), or
                                    "playlist" (at end of playlist). This option
                                    can be used multiple times to add different
@@ -1055,7 +1057,7 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
                                    music_offtopic, poi_highlight, chapter, all
                                    and default (=all). You can prefix the
                                    category with a "-" to exclude it. See [1]
-                                    for description of the categories. E.g.
+                                    for descriptions of the categories. E.g.
                                    --sponsorblock-mark all,-preview
                                    [1] https://wiki.sponsor.ajay.app/w/Segment_Categories
    --sponsorblock-remove CATS      SponsorBlock categories to be removed from
@@ -1087,7 +1089,7 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
                                    (Alias: --no-allow-dynamic-mpd)
    --hls-split-discontinuity       Split HLS playlists to different formats at
                                    discontinuities such as ad breaks
-    --no-hls-split-discontinuity    Do not split HLS playlists to different
+    --no-hls-split-discontinuity    Do not split HLS playlists into different
                                    formats at discontinuities such as ad breaks
                                    (default)
    --extractor-args IE_KEY:ARGS    Pass ARGS arguments to the IE_KEY extractor.
@@ -1097,7 +1099,7 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,

 # CONFIGURATION

-You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option to a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:
+You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option in a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:

 1. **Main Configuration**:
    * The file given to `--config-location`
@@ -1125,7 +1127,7 @@ You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option to a confi
    * `/etc/yt-dlp/config`
    * `/etc/yt-dlp/config.txt`

-E.g. with the following configuration file yt-dlp will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under `YouTube` directory in your home directory:
+E.g. with the following configuration file, yt-dlp will always extract the audio, not copy the mtime, use a proxy and save all videos under `YouTube` directory in your home directory:
 ```
 # Lines starting with # are comments

@@ -1142,7 +1144,7 @@ E.g. with the following configuration file yt-dlp will always extract the audio,
 -o ~/YouTube/%(title)s.%(ext)s
 ```

-**Note**: Options in configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`. They must also be quoted when necessary as-if it were a UNIX shell.
+**Note**: Options in a configuration file are just the same options aka switches used in regular command line calls; thus there **must be no whitespace** after `-` or `--`, e.g. `-o` or `--proxy` but not `- o` or `-- proxy`. They must also be quoted when necessary, as if it were a UNIX shell.

 You can use `--ignore-config` if you want to disable all configuration files for a particular yt-dlp run. If `--ignore-config` is found inside any configuration file, no further configuration will be loaded. For example, having the option in the portable configuration file prevents loading of home, user, and system configurations. Additionally, (for backward compatibility) if `--ignore-config` is found inside the system configuration file, the user configuration is not loaded.

@@ -1154,12 +1156,12 @@ If you want your file to be decoded differently, add `# coding: ENCODING` to the

 ### Authentication with netrc

-You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every yt-dlp execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](https://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on a per-extractor basis. For that you will need to create a `.netrc` file in `--netrc-location` and restrict permissions to read/write by only you:
+You may also want to configure automatic credentials storage for extractors that support authentication (by providing login and password with `--username` and `--password`) in order not to pass credentials as command line arguments on every yt-dlp execution and prevent tracking plain text passwords in the shell command history. You can achieve this using a [`.netrc` file](https://stackoverflow.com/tags/.netrc/info) on a per-extractor basis. For that, you will need to create a `.netrc` file in `--netrc-location` and restrict permissions to read/write by only you:
 ```
 touch ${HOME}/.netrc
 chmod a-rwx,u+rw ${HOME}/.netrc
 ```
-After that you can add credentials for an extractor in the following format, where *extractor* is the name of the extractor in lowercase:
+After that, you can add credentials for an extractor in the following format, where *extractor* is the name of the extractor in lowercase:
 ```
 machine <extractor> login <username> password <password>
 ```
@@ -1176,13 +1178,13 @@ As an alternative to using the `.netrc` file, which has the disadvantage of keep

 E.g. To use an encrypted `.netrc` file stored as `.authinfo.gpg`
 ```
-yt-dlp --netrc-cmd 'gpg --decrypt ~/.authinfo.gpg' https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc
+yt-dlp --netrc-cmd 'gpg --decrypt ~/.authinfo.gpg' 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BaW_jenozKc'
 ```


 ### Notes about environment variables
 * Environment variables are normally specified as `${VARIABLE}`/`$VARIABLE` on UNIX and `%VARIABLE%` on Windows; but is always shown as `${VARIABLE}` in this documentation
-* yt-dlp also allow using UNIX-style variables on Windows for path-like options; e.g. `--output`, `--config-location`
+* yt-dlp also allows using UNIX-style variables on Windows for path-like options; e.g. `--output`, `--config-location`
 * If unset, `${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}` defaults to `~/.config` and `${XDG_CACHE_HOME}` to `~/.cache`
 * On Windows, `~` points to `${HOME}` if present; or, `${USERPROFILE}` or `${HOMEDRIVE}${HOMEPATH}` otherwise
 * On Windows, `${USERPROFILE}` generally points to `C:\Users\<user name>` and `${APPDATA}` to `${USERPROFILE}\AppData\Roaming`
@@ -1201,7 +1203,7 @@ It may however also contain special sequences that will be replaced when downloa

 The field names themselves (the part inside the parenthesis) can also have some special formatting:

-1. **Object traversal**: The dictionaries and lists available in metadata can be traversed by using a dot `.` separator; e.g. `%(tags.0)s`, `%(subtitles.en.-1.ext)s`. You can do Python slicing with colon `:`; E.g. `%(id.3:7:-1)s`, `%(formats.:.format_id)s`. Curly braces `{}` can be used to build dictionaries with only specific keys; e.g. `%(formats.:.{format_id,height})#j`. An empty field name `%()s` refers to the entire infodict; e.g. `%(.{id,title})s`. Note that all the fields that become available using this method are not listed below. Use `-j` to see such fields
+1. **Object traversal**: The dictionaries and lists available in metadata can be traversed by using a dot `.` separator; e.g. `%(tags.0)s`, `%(subtitles.en.-1.ext)s`. You can do Python slicing with colon `:`; E.g. `%(id.3:7)s`, `%(id.6:2:-1)s`, `%(formats.:.format_id)s`. Curly braces `{}` can be used to build dictionaries with only specific keys; e.g. `%(formats.:.{format_id,height})#j`. An empty field name `%()s` refers to the entire infodict; e.g. `%(.{id,title})s`. Note that all the fields that become available using this method are not listed below. Use `-j` to see such fields

 1. **Arithmetic**: Simple arithmetic can be done on numeric fields using `+`, `-` and `*`. E.g. `%(playlist_index+10)03d`, `%(n_entries+1-playlist_index)d`

@@ -1222,7 +1224,7 @@ To summarize, the general syntax for a field is:
 %(name[.keys][addition][>strf][,alternate][&replacement][|default])[flags][width][.precision][length]type
 ```

-Additionally, you can set different output templates for the various metadata files separately from the general output template by specifying the type of file followed by the template separated by a colon `:`. The different file types supported are `subtitle`, `thumbnail`, `description`, `annotation` (deprecated), `infojson`, `link`, `pl_thumbnail`, `pl_description`, `pl_infojson`, `chapter`, `pl_video`. E.g. `-o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "thumbnail:%(title)s\%(title)s.%(ext)s"`  will put the thumbnails in a folder with the same name as the video. If any of the templates is empty, that type of file will not be written. E.g. `--write-thumbnail -o "thumbnail:"` will write thumbnails only for playlists and not for video.
+Additionally, you can set different output templates for the various metadata files separately from the general output template by specifying the type of file followed by the template separated by a colon `:`. The different file types supported are `subtitle`, `thumbnail`, `description`, `annotation` (deprecated), `infojson`, `link`, `pl_thumbnail`, `pl_description`, `pl_infojson`, `chapter`, `pl_video`. E.g. `-o "%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "thumbnail:%(title)s\%(title)s.%(ext)s"` will put the thumbnails in a folder with the same name as the video. If any of the templates is empty, that type of file will not be written. E.g. `--write-thumbnail -o "thumbnail:"` will write thumbnails only for playlists and not for video.

 <a id="outtmpl-postprocess-note"></a>

@@ -1263,7 +1265,7 @@ The available fields are:
 - `like_count` (numeric): Number of positive ratings of the video
 - `dislike_count` (numeric): Number of negative ratings of the video
 - `repost_count` (numeric): Number of reposts of the video
- - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating give by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
+ - `average_rating` (numeric): Average rating given by users, the scale used depends on the webpage
 - `comment_count` (numeric): Number of comments on the video (For some extractors, comments are only downloaded at the end, and so this field cannot be used)
 - `age_limit` (numeric): Age restriction for the video (years)
 - `live_status` (string): One of "not_live", "is_live", "is_upcoming", "was_live", "post_live" (was live, but VOD is not yet processed)
@@ -1282,16 +1284,18 @@ The available fields are:
 - `n_entries` (numeric): Total number of extracted items in the playlist
 - `playlist_id` (string): Identifier of the playlist that contains the video
 - `playlist_title` (string): Name of the playlist that contains the video
- - `playlist` (string): `playlist_id` or `playlist_title`
+ - `playlist` (string): `playlist_title` if available or else `playlist_id`
 - `playlist_count` (numeric): Total number of items in the playlist. May not be known if entire playlist is not extracted
 - `playlist_index` (numeric): Index of the video in the playlist padded with leading zeros according the final index
 - `playlist_autonumber` (numeric): Position of the video in the playlist download queue padded with leading zeros according to the total length of the playlist
 - `playlist_uploader` (string): Full name of the playlist uploader
 - `playlist_uploader_id` (string): Nickname or id of the playlist uploader
- - `webpage_url` (string): A URL to the video webpage which if given to yt-dlp should allow to get the same result again
+ - `playlist_channel` (string): Display name of the channel that uploaded the playlist
+ - `playlist_channel_id` (string): Identifier of the channel that uploaded the playlist
+ - `webpage_url` (string): A URL to the video webpage which, if given to yt-dlp, should yield the same result again
 - `webpage_url_basename` (string): The basename of the webpage URL
 - `webpage_url_domain` (string): The domain of the webpage URL
- - `original_url` (string): The URL given by the user (or same as `webpage_url` for playlist entries)
+ - `original_url` (string): The URL given by the user (or the same as `webpage_url` for playlist entries)
 - `categories` (list): List of categories the video belongs to
 - `tags` (list): List of tags assigned to the video
 - `cast` (list): List of cast members
@@ -1304,10 +1308,10 @@ Available for the video that belongs to some logical chapter or section:
 - `chapter_number` (numeric): Number of the chapter the video belongs to
 - `chapter_id` (string): Id of the chapter the video belongs to

-Available for the video that is an episode of some series or programme:
+Available for the video that is an episode of some series or program:

- - `series` (string): Title of the series or programme the video episode belongs to
- - `series_id` (string): Id of the series or programme the video episode belongs to
+ - `series` (string): Title of the series or program the video episode belongs to
+ - `series_id` (string): Id of the series or program the video episode belongs to
 - `season` (string): Title of the season the video episode belongs to
 - `season_number` (numeric): Number of the season the video episode belongs to
 - `season_id` (string): Id of the season the video episode belongs to
@@ -1347,9 +1351,9 @@ Available only when used in `--print`:
 - `thumbnails_table` (table): The thumbnail format table as printed by `--list-thumbnails`
 - `subtitles_table` (table): The subtitle format table as printed by `--list-subs`
 - `automatic_captions_table` (table): The automatic subtitle format table as printed by `--list-subs`
- 
+
 Available only after the video is downloaded (`post_process`/`after_move`):
- 
+
 - `filepath`: Actual path of downloaded video file

 Available only in `--sponsorblock-chapter-title`:
@@ -1364,11 +1368,11 @@ Available only in `--sponsorblock-chapter-title`:

 Each aforementioned sequence when referenced in an output template will be replaced by the actual value corresponding to the sequence name. E.g. for `-o %(title)s-%(id)s.%(ext)s` and an mp4 video with title `yt-dlp test video` and id `BaW_jenozKc`, this will result in a `yt-dlp test video-BaW_jenozKc.mp4` file created in the current directory.

-**Note**: Some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with placeholder value provided with `--output-na-placeholder` (`NA` by default).
+**Note**: Some of the sequences are not guaranteed to be present, since they depend on the metadata obtained by a particular extractor. Such sequences will be replaced with placeholder value provided with `--output-na-placeholder` (`NA` by default).

 **Tip**: Look at the `-j` output to identify which fields are available for the particular URL

-For numeric sequences you can use [numeric related formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting); e.g. `%(view_count)05d` will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in `00042`.
+For numeric sequences, you can use [numeric related formatting](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#printf-style-string-formatting); e.g. `%(view_count)05d` will result in a string with view count padded with zeros up to 5 characters, like in `00042`.

 Output templates can also contain arbitrary hierarchical path, e.g. `-o "%(playlist)s/%(playlist_index)s - %(title)s.%(ext)s"` which will result in downloading each video in a directory corresponding to this path template. Any missing directory will be automatically created for you.

@@ -1410,7 +1414,7 @@ $ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(series)s/%(season_number)s - %(season)s/%(episod

 # Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext", subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\subs\uploader\title.ext"
 # and put all temporary files in "C:\MyVideos\tmp"
-$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -P "temp:tmp" -P "subtitle:subs" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenoz --write-subs
+$ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -P "temp:tmp" -P "subtitle:subs" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --write-subs

 # Download video as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\title.ext" and subtitles as "C:\MyVideos\uploader\subs\title.ext"
 $ yt-dlp -P "C:/MyVideos" -o "%(uploader)s/%(title)s.%(ext)s" -o "subtitle:%(uploader)s/subs/%(title)s.%(ext)s" BaW_jenozKc --write-subs
@@ -1442,7 +1446,7 @@ You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:

 - `all`: Select **all formats** separately
 - `mergeall`: Select and **merge all formats** (Must be used with `--audio-multistreams`, `--video-multistreams` or both)
- - `b*`, `best*`: Select the best quality format that **contains either** a video or an audio or both (ie; `vcodec!=none or acodec!=none`)
+ - `b*`, `best*`: Select the best quality format that **contains either** a video or an audio or both (i.e.; `vcodec!=none or acodec!=none`)
 - `b`, `best`: Select the best quality format that **contains both** video and audio. Equivalent to `best*[vcodec!=none][acodec!=none]`
 - `bv`, `bestvideo`: Select the best quality **video-only** format. Equivalent to `best*[acodec=none]`
 - `bv*`, `bestvideo*`: Select the best quality format that **contains video**. It may also contain audio. Equivalent to `best*[vcodec!=none]`
@@ -1455,7 +1459,7 @@ You can also use special names to select particular edge case formats:
 - `wa`, `worstaudio`: Select the worst quality audio-only format. Equivalent to `worst*[vcodec=none]`
 - `wa*`, `worstaudio*`: Select the worst quality format that contains audio. It may also contain video. Equivalent to `worst*[acodec!=none]`

-For example, to download the worst quality video-only format you can use `-f worstvideo`. It is however recommended not to use `worst` and related options. When your format selector is `worst`, the format which is worst in all respects is selected. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-S +size` or more rigorously, `-S +size,+br,+res,+fps` instead of `-f worst`. See [Sorting Formats](#sorting-formats) for more details.
+For example, to download the worst quality video-only format you can use `-f worstvideo`. It is, however, recommended not to use `worst` and related options. When your format selector is `worst`, the format which is worst in all respects is selected. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-S +size` or more rigorously, `-S +size,+br,+res,+fps` instead of `-f worst`. See [Sorting Formats](#sorting-formats) for more details.

 You can select the n'th best format of a type by using `best<type>.<n>`. For example, `best.2` will select the 2nd best combined format. Similarly, `bv*.3` will select the 3rd best format that contains a video stream.

@@ -1505,7 +1509,7 @@ Also filtering work for comparisons `=` (equals), `^=` (starts with), `$=` (ends

 Any string comparison may be prefixed with negation `!` in order to produce an opposite comparison, e.g. `!*=` (does not contain). The comparand of a string comparison needs to be quoted with either double or single quotes if it contains spaces or special characters other than `._-`.

-**Note**: None of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the website. Any other field made available by the extractor can also be used for filtering.
+**Note**: None of the aforementioned meta fields are guaranteed to be present since this solely depends on the metadata obtained by the particular extractor, i.e. the metadata offered by the website. Any other field made available by the extractor can also be used for filtering.

 Formats for which the value is not known are excluded unless you put a question mark (`?`) after the operator. You can combine format filters, so `-f "bv[height<=?720][tbr>500]"` selects up to 720p videos (or videos where the height is not known) with a bitrate of at least 500 kbps. You can also use the filters with `all` to download all formats that satisfy the filter, e.g. `-f "all[vcodec=none]"` selects all audio-only formats.

@@ -1544,14 +1548,14 @@ The available fields are:
 - `abr`: Average audio bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec")
 - `br`: Average bitrate in [kbps](## "1000 bits/sec"), `tbr`/`vbr`/`abr`
 - `asr`: Audio sample rate in Hz
- 
+
 **Deprecation warning**: Many of these fields have (currently undocumented) aliases, that may be removed in a future version. It is recommended to use only the documented field names.

 All fields, unless specified otherwise, are sorted in descending order. To reverse this, prefix the field with a `+`. E.g. `+res` prefers format with the smallest resolution. Additionally, you can suffix a preferred value for the fields, separated by a `:`. E.g. `res:720` prefers larger videos, but no larger than 720p and the smallest video if there are no videos less than 720p. For `codec` and `ext`, you can provide two preferred values, the first for video and the second for audio. E.g. `+codec:avc:m4a` (equivalent to `+vcodec:avc,+acodec:m4a`) sets the video codec preference to `h264` > `h265` > `vp9` > `vp9.2` > `av01` > `vp8` > `h263` > `theora` and audio codec preference to `mp4a` > `aac` > `vorbis` > `opus` > `mp3` > `ac3` > `dts`. You can also make the sorting prefer the nearest values to the provided by using `~` as the delimiter. E.g. `filesize~1G` prefers the format with filesize closest to 1 GiB.

-The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behaviour can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec:vp9.2,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.
+The fields `hasvid` and `ie_pref` are always given highest priority in sorting, irrespective of the user-defined order. This behavior can be changed by using `--format-sort-force`. Apart from these, the default order used is: `lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,vcodec:vp9.2,channels,acodec,size,br,asr,proto,ext,hasaud,source,id`. The extractors may override this default order, but they cannot override the user-provided order.

-Note that the default has `vcodec:vp9.2`; i.e. `av1` is not preferred. Similarly, the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. dolby vision is not preferred. These choices are made since DV and AV1 formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future as more devices become capable of smoothly playing back these formats.
+Note that the default has `vcodec:vp9.2`; i.e. `av1` is not preferred. Similarly, the default for hdr is `hdr:12`; i.e. Dolby Vision is not preferred. These choices are made since DV and AV1 formats are not yet fully compatible with most devices. This may be changed in the future as more devices become capable of smoothly playing back these formats.

 If your format selector is `worst`, the last item is selected after sorting. This means it will select the format that is worst in all respects. Most of the time, what you actually want is the video with the smallest filesize instead. So it is generally better to use `-f best -S +size,+br,+res,+fps`.

@@ -1628,11 +1632,11 @@ $ yt-dlp -S "res:480"
 # or the worst video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b[filesize<50M] / w"

-# Download largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
+# Download the largest video (that also has audio) but no bigger than 50 MB,
 # or the smallest video (that also has audio) if there is no video under 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize:50M"

-# Download best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
+# Download the best video (that also has audio) that is closest in size to 50 MB
 $ yt-dlp -f "b" -S "filesize~50M"


@@ -1688,7 +1692,7 @@ The metadata obtained by the extractors can be modified by using `--parse-metada

 The general syntax of `--parse-metadata FROM:TO` is to give the name of a field or an [output template](#output-template) to extract data from, and the format to interpret it as, separated by a colon `:`. Either a [Python regular expression](https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html#regular-expression-syntax) with named capture groups, a single field name, or a similar syntax to the [output template](#output-template) (only `%(field)s` formatting is supported) can be used for `TO`. The option can be used multiple times to parse and modify various fields.

-Note that these options preserve their relative order, allowing replacements to be made in parsed fields and viceversa. Also, any field thus created can be used in the [output template](#output-template) and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using `--embed-metadata`.
+Note that these options preserve their relative order, allowing replacements to be made in parsed fields and vice versa. Also, any field thus created can be used in the [output template](#output-template) and will also affect the media file's metadata added when using `--embed-metadata`.

 This option also has a few special uses:

@@ -1754,7 +1758,7 @@ $ yt-dlp --replace-in-metadata "title,uploader" "[ _]" "-"

 # EXTRACTOR ARGUMENTS

-Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=android_embedded,web;formats=incomplete" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`
+Some extractors accept additional arguments which can be passed using `--extractor-args KEY:ARGS`. `ARGS` is a `;` (semicolon) separated string of `ARG=VAL1,VAL2`. E.g. `--extractor-args "youtube:player-client=mediaconnect,web;formats=incomplete" --extractor-args "funimation:version=uncut"`

 Note: In CLI, `ARG` can use `-` instead of `_`; e.g. `youtube:player-client"` becomes `youtube:player_client"`

@@ -1763,7 +1767,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### youtube
 * `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/c26f9b991a0681fd3ea548d535919cec1fbbd430/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L381-L390) for list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
-* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `ios` and `android`, with variants `_music`, `_embedded`, `_embedscreen`, `_creator` (e.g. `web_embedded`); and `mweb`, `mweb_embedscreen` and `tv_embedded` (agegate bypass) with no variants. By default, `ios,web` is used, but `tv_embedded` and `creator` variants are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly, the music variants are added for `music.youtube.com` urls. The `android` clients will always be given lowest priority since their formats are broken. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients.
+* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `ios` and `android`, with variants `_music` and `_creator` (e.g. `ios_creator`); and `mediaconnect`, `mweb`, `android_producer`, `android_testsuite`, `android_vr`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `tv` and `tv_embedded` with no variants. By default, `ios,mweb` is used, and `tv_embedded`, `web_creator` and `mediaconnect` are added as required for age-gated videos. Similarly, the music variants are added for `music.youtube.com` URLs. Most `android` clients will be given lowest priority since their formats are broken. You can use `all` to use all the clients, and `default` for the default clients. You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=all,-web`
 * `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) for more details
 * `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
@@ -1771,18 +1775,23 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
    * E.g. `all,all,1000,10` will get a maximum of 1000 replies total, with up to 10 replies per thread. `1000,all,100` will get a maximum of 1000 comments, with a maximum of 100 replies total
 * `formats`: Change the types of formats to return. `dashy` (convert HTTP to DASH), `duplicate` (identical content but different URLs or protocol; includes `dashy`), `incomplete` (cannot be downloaded completely - live dash and post-live m3u8)
 * `innertube_host`: Innertube API host to use for all API requests; e.g. `studio.youtube.com`, `youtubei.googleapis.com`. Note that cookies exported from one subdomain will not work on others
-* `innertube_key`: Innertube API key to use for all API requests
+* `innertube_key`: Innertube API key to use for all API requests. By default, no API key is used
 * `raise_incomplete_data`: `Incomplete Data Received` raises an error instead of reporting a warning
+* `data_sync_id`: Overrides the account Data Sync ID used in Innertube API requests. This may be needed if you are using an account with `youtube:player_skip=webpage,configs` or `youtubetab:skip=webpage`
+* `visitor_data`: Overrides the Visitor Data used in Innertube API requests. This should be used with `player_skip=webpage,configs` and without cookies. Note: this may have adverse effects if used improperly. If a session from a browser is wanted, you should pass cookies instead (which contain the Visitor ID)
+* `po_token`:  Proof of Origin (PO) Token(s) to use for requesting video playback. Comma seperated list of PO Tokens in the format `CLIENT+PO_TOKEN`, e.g. `youtube:po_token=web+XXX,android+YYY`

 #### youtubetab (YouTube playlists, channels, feeds, etc.)
 * `skip`: One or more of `webpage` (skip initial webpage download), `authcheck` (allow the download of playlists requiring authentication when no initial webpage is downloaded. This may cause unwanted behavior, see [#1122](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/1122) for more details)
 * `approximate_date`: Extract approximate `upload_date` and `timestamp` in flat-playlist. This may cause date-based filters to be slightly off

 #### generic
-* `fragment_query`: Passthrough any query in mpd/m3u8 manifest URLs to their fragments if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `fragment_query=VALUE`. Does not apply to ffmpeg
+* `fragment_query`: Passthrough any query in mpd/m3u8 manifest URLs to their fragments if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `fragment_query=VALUE`. Note that if the stream has an HLS AES-128 key, then the query parameters will be passed to the key URI as well, unless the `key_query` extractor-arg is passed, or unless an external key URI is provided via the `hls_key` extractor-arg. Does not apply to ffmpeg
 * `variant_query`: Passthrough the master m3u8 URL query to its variant playlist URLs if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `variant_query=VALUE`
+* `key_query`: Passthrough the master m3u8 URL query to its HLS AES-128 decryption key URI if no value is provided, or else apply the query string given as `key_query=VALUE`. Note that this will have no effect if the key URI is provided via the `hls_key` extractor-arg. Does not apply to ffmpeg
 * `hls_key`: An HLS AES-128 key URI *or* key (as hex), and optionally the IV (as hex), in the form of `(URI|KEY)[,IV]`; e.g. `generic:hls_key=ABCDEF1234567980,0xFEDCBA0987654321`. Passing any of these values will force usage of the native HLS downloader and override the corresponding values found in the m3u8 playlist
 * `is_live`: Bypass live HLS detection and manually set `live_status` - a value of `false` will set `not_live`, any other value (or no value) will set `is_live`
+* `impersonate`: Target(s) to try and impersonate with the initial webpage request; e.g. `safari,chrome-110`. By default any available target will be used. Use `false` to disable impersonation

 #### funimation
 * `language`: Audio languages to extract, e.g. `funimation:language=english,japanese`
@@ -1848,7 +1857,16 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `cdn`: One or more CDN IDs to use with the API call for stream URLs, e.g. `gcp_cdn`, `gs_cdn_pc_app`, `gs_cdn_mobile_web`, `gs_cdn_pc_web`

 #### soundcloud
-* `formats`: Formats to request from the API. Requested values should be in the format of `{protocol}_{extension}` (omitting the bitrate), e.g. `hls_opus,http_aac`. The `*` character functions as a wildcard, e.g. `*_mp3`, and can passed by itself to request all formats. Known protocols include `http`, `hls` and `hls-aes`; known extensions include `aac`, `opus` and `mp3`. Original `download` formats are always extracted. Default is `http_aac,hls_aac,http_opus,hls_opus,http_mp3,hls_mp3`
+* `formats`: Formats to request from the API. Requested values should be in the format of `{protocol}_{extension}` (omitting the bitrate), e.g. `hls_opus,http_aac`. The `*` character functions as a wildcard, e.g. `*_mp3`, and can be passed by itself to request all formats. Known protocols include `http`, `hls` and `hls-aes`; known extensions include `aac`, `opus` and `mp3`. Original `download` formats are always extracted. Default is `http_aac,hls_aac,http_opus,hls_opus,http_mp3,hls_mp3`
+
+#### orfon (orf:on)
+* `prefer_segments_playlist`: Prefer a playlist of program segments instead of a single complete video when available. If individual segments are desired, use `--concat-playlist never --extractor-args "orfon:prefer_segments_playlist"`
+
+#### bilibili
+* `prefer_multi_flv`: Prefer extracting flv formats over mp4 for older videos that still provide legacy formats
+
+#### digitalconcerthall
+* `prefer_combined_hls`: Prefer extracting combined/pre-merged video and audio HLS formats. This will exclude 4K/HEVC video and lossless/FLAC audio formats, which are only available as split video/audio HLS formats

 **Note**: These options may be changed/removed in the future without concern for backward compatibility

@@ -1859,16 +1877,16 @@ The following extractors use this feature:

 Note that **all** plugins are imported even if not invoked, and that **there are no checks** performed on plugin code. **Use plugins at your own risk and only if you trust the code!**

-Plugins can be of `<type>`s `extractor` or `postprocessor`. 
- Extractor plugins do not need to be enabled from the CLI and are automatically invoked when the input URL is suitable for it. 
- Extractor plugins take priority over builtin extractors.
+Plugins can be of `<type>`s `extractor` or `postprocessor`.
+- Extractor plugins do not need to be enabled from the CLI and are automatically invoked when the input URL is suitable for it.
+- Extractor plugins take priority over built-in extractors.
 - Postprocessor plugins can be invoked using `--use-postprocessor NAME`.


 Plugins are loaded from the namespace packages `yt_dlp_plugins.extractor` and `yt_dlp_plugins.postprocessor`.

 In other words, the file structure on the disk looks something like:
-    
+
        yt_dlp_plugins/
            extractor/
                myplugin.py
@@ -1876,6 +1894,7 @@ In other words, the file structure on the disk looks something like:
                myplugin.py

 yt-dlp looks for these `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folders in many locations (see below) and loads in plugins from **all** of them.
+Set the environment variable `YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS` to something nonempty to disable loading plugins entirely.

 See the [wiki for some known plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Plugins)

@@ -1903,7 +1922,7 @@ Plugins can be installed using various methods and locations.
    * Plugin packages can be installed and managed using `pip`. See [yt-dlp-sample-plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-sample-plugins) for an example.
      * Note: plugin files between plugin packages installed with pip must have unique filenames.
    * Any path in `PYTHONPATH` is searched in for the `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folder.
-      * Note: This does not apply for Pyinstaller/py2exe builds.
+      * Note: This does not apply for Pyinstaller builds.


 `.zip`, `.egg` and `.whl` archives containing a `yt_dlp_plugins` namespace folder in their root are also supported as plugin packages.
@@ -1916,7 +1935,7 @@ Run yt-dlp with `--verbose` to check if the plugin has been loaded.

 See the [yt-dlp-sample-plugins](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp-sample-plugins) repo for a template plugin package and the [Plugin Development](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Plugin-Development) section of the wiki for a plugin development guide.

-All public classes with a name ending in `IE`/`PP` are imported from each file for extractors and postprocessors repectively. This respects underscore prefix (e.g. `_MyBasePluginIE` is private) and `__all__`. Modules can similarly be excluded by prefixing the module name with an underscore (e.g. `_myplugin.py`).
+All public classes with a name ending in `IE`/`PP` are imported from each file for extractors and postprocessors respectively. This respects underscore prefix (e.g. `_MyBasePluginIE` is private) and `__all__`. Modules can similarly be excluded by prefixing the module name with an underscore (e.g. `_myplugin.py`).

 To replace an existing extractor with a subclass of one, set the `plugin_name` class keyword argument (e.g. `class MyPluginIE(ABuiltInIE, plugin_name='myplugin')` will replace `ABuiltInIE` with `MyPluginIE`). Since the extractor replaces the parent, you should exclude the subclass extractor from being imported separately by making it private using one of the methods described above.

@@ -1928,7 +1947,7 @@ See the [Developer Instructions](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/CO

 yt-dlp makes the best effort to be a good command-line program, and thus should be callable from any programming language.

-Your program should avoid parsing the normal stdout since they may change in future versions. Instead they should use options such as `-J`, `--print`, `--progress-template`, `--exec` etc to create console output that you can reliably reproduce and parse.
+Your program should avoid parsing the normal stdout since they may change in future versions. Instead, they should use options such as `-J`, `--print`, `--progress-template`, `--exec` etc to create console output that you can reliably reproduce and parse.

 From a Python program, you can embed yt-dlp in a more powerful fashion, like this:

@@ -2163,9 +2182,9 @@ with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:

 * **Output template improvements**: Output templates can now have date-time formatting, numeric offsets, object traversal etc. See [output template](#output-template) for details. Even more advanced operations can also be done with the help of `--parse-metadata` and `--replace-in-metadata`

-* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--alias`, `--print`, `--concat-playlist`, `--wait-for-video`, `--retry-sleep`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-match-filter` etc
+* **Other new options**: Many new options have been added such as `--alias`, `--print`, `--concat-playlist`, `--wait-for-video`, `--retry-sleep`, `--sleep-requests`, `--convert-thumbnails`, `--force-download-archive`, `--force-overwrites`, `--break-match-filters` etc

-* **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--format`/`--match-filter`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio, multiple `--config-locations`, `--exec` at different stages, etc
+* **Improvements**: Regex and other operators in `--format`/`--match-filters`, multiple `--postprocessor-args` and `--downloader-args`, faster archive checking, more [format selection options](#format-selection), merge multi-video/audio, multiple `--config-locations`, `--exec` at different stages, etc

 * **Plugins**: Extractors and PostProcessors can be loaded from an external file. See [plugins](#plugins) for details

@@ -2181,7 +2200,7 @@ Features marked with a **\*** have been back-ported to youtube-dl

 Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtube-dlc:

-* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.8+](## "Windows 7"), and *may* remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
+* yt-dlp supports only [Python 3.8+](## "Windows 7"), and will remove support for more versions as they [become EOL](https://devguide.python.org/versions/#python-release-cycle); while [youtube-dl still supports Python 2.6+ and 3.2+](https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/30568#issue-1118238743)
 * The options `--auto-number` (`-A`), `--title` (`-t`) and `--literal` (`-l`), no longer work. See [removed options](#Removed) for details
 * `avconv` is not supported as an alternative to `ffmpeg`
 * yt-dlp stores config files in slightly different locations to youtube-dl. See [CONFIGURATION](#configuration) for a list of correct locations
@@ -2206,20 +2225,29 @@ Some of yt-dlp's default options are different from that of youtube-dl and youtu
 * `certifi` will be used for SSL root certificates, if installed. If you want to use system certificates (e.g. self-signed), use `--compat-options no-certifi`
 * yt-dlp's sanitization of invalid characters in filenames is different/smarter than in youtube-dl. You can use `--compat-options filename-sanitization` to revert to youtube-dl's behavior
 * ~~yt-dlp tries to parse the external downloader outputs into the standard progress output if possible (Currently implemented: [aria2c](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/5931)). You can use `--compat-options no-external-downloader-progress` to get the downloader output as-is~~
-* yt-dlp versions between 2021.09.01 and 2023.01.02 applies `--match-filter` to nested playlists. This was an unintentional side-effect of [8f18ac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f18aca8717bb0dd49054555af8d386e5eda3a88) and is fixed in [d7b460](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7b460d0e5fc710950582baed2e3fc616ed98a80). Use `--compat-options playlist-match-filter` to revert this
+* yt-dlp versions between 2021.09.01 and 2023.01.02 applies `--match-filters` to nested playlists. This was an unintentional side-effect of [8f18ac](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8f18aca8717bb0dd49054555af8d386e5eda3a88) and is fixed in [d7b460](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d7b460d0e5fc710950582baed2e3fc616ed98a80). Use `--compat-options playlist-match-filter` to revert this
 * yt-dlp versions between 2021.11.10 and 2023.06.21 estimated `filesize_approx` values for fragmented/manifest formats. This was added for convenience in [f2fe69](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f2fe69c7b0d208bdb1f6292b4ae92bc1e1a7444a), but was reverted in [0dff8e](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0dff8e4d1e6e9fb938f4256ea9af7d81f42fd54f) due to the potentially extreme inaccuracy of the estimated values. Use `--compat-options manifest-filesize-approx` to keep extracting the estimated values
 * yt-dlp uses modern http client backends such as `requests`. Use `--compat-options prefer-legacy-http-handler` to prefer the legacy http handler (`urllib`) to be used for standard http requests.
 * The sub-modules `swfinterp`, `casefold` are removed.
+* Passing `--simulate` (or calling `extract_info` with `download=False`) no longer alters the default format selection. See [#9843](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/9843) for details.

 For ease of use, a few more compat options are available:

-* `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options (Do NOT use)
-* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx`
-* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx`
+* `--compat-options all`: Use all compat options (**Do NOT use this!**)
+* `--compat-options youtube-dl`: Same as `--compat-options all,-multistreams,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext`
+* `--compat-options youtube-dlc`: Same as `--compat-options all,-no-live-chat,-no-youtube-channel-redirect,-playlist-match-filter,-manifest-filesize-approx,-allow-unsafe-ext`
 * `--compat-options 2021`: Same as `--compat-options 2022,no-certifi,filename-sanitization,no-youtube-prefer-utc-upload-date`
 * `--compat-options 2022`: Same as `--compat-options 2023,playlist-match-filter,no-external-downloader-progress,prefer-legacy-http-handler,manifest-filesize-approx`
 * `--compat-options 2023`: Currently does nothing. Use this to enable all future compat options

+The following compat options restore vulnerable behavior from before security patches:
+
+* `--compat-options allow-unsafe-ext`: Allow files with any extension (including unsafe ones) to be downloaded ([GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j](<https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j>))
+
+    > :warning: Only use if a valid file download is rejected because its extension is detected as uncommon
+    >
+    > **This option can enable remote code execution! Consider [opening an issue](<https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/new/choose>) instead!**
+
 ### Deprecated options

 These are all the deprecated options and the current alternative to achieve the same effect
@@ -2243,13 +2271,13 @@ While these options are redundant, they are still expected to be used due to the
    --get-thumbnail                  --print thumbnail
    -e, --get-title                  --print title
    -g, --get-url                    --print urls
-    --match-title REGEX              --match-filter "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
-    --reject-title REGEX             --match-filter "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
-    --min-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count >=? COUNT"
-    --max-views COUNT                --match-filter "view_count <=? COUNT"
-    --break-on-reject                Use --break-match-filter
-    --user-agent UA                  --add-header "User-Agent:UA"
-    --referer URL                    --add-header "Referer:URL"
+    --match-title REGEX              --match-filters "title ~= (?i)REGEX"
+    --reject-title REGEX             --match-filters "title !~= (?i)REGEX"
+    --min-views COUNT                --match-filters "view_count >=? COUNT"
+    --max-views COUNT                --match-filters "view_count <=? COUNT"
+    --break-on-reject                Use --break-match-filters
+    --user-agent UA                  --add-headers "User-Agent:UA"
+    --referer URL                    --add-headers "Referer:URL"
    --playlist-start NUMBER          -I NUMBER:
    --playlist-end NUMBER            -I :NUMBER
    --playlist-reverse               -I ::-1
--- a/bundle/docker/static/entrypoint.sh
+++ b/bundle/docker/static/entrypoint.sh
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -e

 source ~/.local/share/pipx/venvs/pyinstaller/bin/activate
-python -m devscripts.install_deps --include secretstorage
+python -m devscripts.install_deps --include secretstorage --include curl-cffi
 python -m devscripts.make_lazy_extractors
 python devscripts/update-version.py -c "${channel}" -r "${origin}" "${version}"
 python -m bundle.pyinstaller
--- a/bundle/py2exe.py
+++ b/bundle/py2exe.py
@@ -1,59 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-
-# Allow execution from anywhere
-import os
-import sys
-
-sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
-
-import warnings
-
-from py2exe import freeze
-
-from devscripts.utils import read_version
-
-VERSION = read_version()
-
-
-def main():
-    warnings.warn(
-        'py2exe builds do not support pycryptodomex and needs VC++14 to run. '
-        'It is recommended to run "pyinst.py" to build using pyinstaller instead')
-
-    freeze(
-        console=[{
-            'script': './yt_dlp/__main__.py',
-            'dest_base': 'yt-dlp',
-            'icon_resources': [(1, 'devscripts/logo.ico')],
-        }],
-        version_info={
-            'version': VERSION,
-            'description': 'A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader',
-            'comments': 'Official repository: <https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp>',
-            'product_name': 'yt-dlp',
-            'product_version': VERSION,
-        },
-        options={
-            'bundle_files': 0,
-            'compressed': 1,
-            'optimize': 2,
-            'dist_dir': './dist',
-            'excludes': [
-                # py2exe cannot import Crypto
-                'Crypto',
-                'Cryptodome',
-                # py2exe appears to confuse this with our socks library.
-                # We don't use pysocks and urllib3.contrib.socks would fail to import if tried.
-                'urllib3.contrib.socks'
-            ],
-            'dll_excludes': ['w9xpopen.exe', 'crypt32.dll'],
-            # Modules that are only imported dynamically must be added here
-            'includes': ['yt_dlp.compat._legacy', 'yt_dlp.compat._deprecated',
-                         'yt_dlp.utils._legacy', 'yt_dlp.utils._deprecated'],
-        },
-        zipfile=None,
-    )
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
--- a/bundle/pyinstaller.py
+++ b/bundle/pyinstaller.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def exe(onedir):
        'dist/',
        onedir and f'{name}/',
        name,
-        OS_NAME == 'win32' and '.exe'
+        OS_NAME == 'win32' and '.exe',
    )))


@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ def windows_set_version(exe, version):
        ),
        kids=[
            StringFileInfo([StringTable('040904B0', [
-                StringStruct('Comments', 'yt-dlp%s Command Line Interface' % suffix),
+                StringStruct('Comments', f'yt-dlp{suffix} Command Line Interface'),
                StringStruct('CompanyName', 'https://github.com/yt-dlp'),
                StringStruct('FileDescription', 'yt-dlp%s' % (MACHINE and f' ({MACHINE})')),
                StringStruct('FileVersion', version),
@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ def windows_set_version(exe, version):
                StringStruct('ProductName', f'yt-dlp{suffix}'),
                StringStruct(
                    'ProductVersion', f'{version}{suffix} on Python {platform.python_version()}'),
-            ])]), VarFileInfo([VarStruct('Translation', [0, 1200])])
-        ]
+            ])]), VarFileInfo([VarStruct('Translation', [0, 1200])]),
+        ],
    ))


--- a/devscripts/bash-completion.py
+++ b/devscripts/bash-completion.py
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

 import yt_dlp

-BASH_COMPLETION_FILE = "completions/bash/yt-dlp"
-BASH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE = "devscripts/bash-completion.in"
+BASH_COMPLETION_FILE = 'completions/bash/yt-dlp'
+BASH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE = 'devscripts/bash-completion.in'


 def build_completion(opt_parser):
@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ def build_completion(opt_parser):
            opts_flag.append(option.get_opt_string())
    with open(BASH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE) as f:
        template = f.read()
-    with open(BASH_COMPLETION_FILE, "w") as f:
+    with open(BASH_COMPLETION_FILE, 'w') as f:
        # just using the special char
-        filled_template = template.replace("{{flags}}", " ".join(opts_flag))
+        filled_template = template.replace('{{flags}}', ' '.join(opts_flag))
        f.write(filled_template)


--- a/devscripts/changelog_override.json
+++ b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
@@ -169,5 +169,42 @@
        "when": "5c019f6328ad40d66561eac3c4de0b3cd070d0f6",
        "short": "[cleanup] Misc (#9765)",
        "authors": ["bashonly", "Grub4K", "seproDev"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "e6a22834df1776ec4e486526f6df2bf53cb7e06f",
+        "short": "[ie/orf:on] Add `prefer_segments_playlist` extractor-arg (#10314)",
+        "authors": ["seproDev"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "6aaf96a3d6e7d0d426e97e11a2fcf52fda00e733",
+        "short": "[priority] Security: [[CVE-2024-38519](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-38519)] [Properly sanitize file-extension to prevent file system modification and RCE](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-79w7-vh3h-8g4j)\n    - Unsafe extensions are now blocked from being downloaded"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "6075a029dba70a89675ae1250e7cdfd91f0eba41",
+        "short": "[priority] Security: [[ie/douyutv] Do not use dangerous javascript source/URL](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/security/advisories/GHSA-3v33-3wmw-3785)\n    - A dependency on potentially malicious third-party JavaScript code has been removed from the Douyu extractors"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "fb8b7f226d251e521a89b23c415e249e5b788e5c",
+        "short": "[priority] **The minimum *recommended* Python version has been raised to 3.9**\nSince Python 3.8 will reach end-of-life in October 2024, support for it will be dropped soon. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10086)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "change",
+        "when": "b31b81d85f00601710d4fac590c3e4efb4133283",
+        "short": "[ci] Rerun failed tests (#11143)",
+        "authors": ["Grub4K"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609",
+        "short": "[priority] **py2exe is no longer supported**\nThis release's `yt-dlp_min.exe` will be the last, and it's actually a PyInstaller-bundled executable so that yt-dlp users updating their py2exe build with `-U` will be automatically migrated. [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10087)"
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "a886cf3e900f4a2ec00af705f883539269545609",
+        "short": "[priority] **Following this release, yt-dlp's Python dependencies *must* be installed using the `default` group**\nIf you're installing yt-dlp with pip/pipx or requiring yt-dlp in your own Python project, you'll need to specify `yt-dlp[default]` if you want to also install yt-dlp's optional dependencies (which were previously included by default). [Read more](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/11255)"
    }
 ]
--- a/devscripts/cli_to_api.py
+++ b/devscripts/cli_to_api.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
 import sys
--- a/devscripts/make_changelog.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_changelog.py
@@ -223,10 +223,10 @@ class Changelog:

        return message if not sep else f'{message}{sep}{rest}'

-    def _format_message_link(self, message, hash):
-        assert message or hash, 'Improperly defined commit message or override'
-        message = message if message else hash[:HASH_LENGTH]
-        return f'[{message}]({self.repo_url}/commit/{hash})' if hash else message
+    def _format_message_link(self, message, commit_hash):
+        assert message or commit_hash, 'Improperly defined commit message or override'
+        message = message if message else commit_hash[:HASH_LENGTH]
+        return f'[{message}]({self.repo_url}/commit/{commit_hash})' if commit_hash else message

    def _format_issues(self, issues):
        return ', '.join(f'[#{issue}]({self.repo_url}/issues/{issue})' for issue in issues)
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ class CommitRange:
                logger.info(f'CHANGE {self._commits[commit.hash]} -> {commit}')
                self._commits[commit.hash] = commit

-        self._commits = {key: value for key, value in reversed(self._commits.items())}
+        self._commits = dict(reversed(self._commits.items()))

    def groups(self):
        group_dict = defaultdict(list)
--- a/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_issue_template.py
@@ -46,6 +46,14 @@ VERBOSE_TMPL = '''
      render: shell
    validations:
      required: true
+  - type: markdown
+    attributes:
+      value: |
+        > [!CAUTION]
+        > ### GitHub is experiencing a high volume of malicious spam comments.
+        > ### If you receive any replies asking you download a file, do NOT follow the download links!
+        >
+        > Note that this issue may be temporarily locked as an anti-spam measure after it is opened.
 '''.strip()

 NO_SKIP = '''
--- a/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@

 # Allow direct execution
 import os
-import shutil
 import sys

 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
@@ -34,18 +33,14 @@ MODULE_TEMPLATE = read_file('devscripts/lazy_load_template.py')


 def main():
+    os.environ['YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS'] = 'true'
+    os.environ['YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'] = 'true'
+
    lazy_extractors_filename = get_filename_args(default_outfile='yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py')
-    if os.path.exists(lazy_extractors_filename):
-        os.remove(lazy_extractors_filename)

-    _ALL_CLASSES = get_all_ies()  # Must be before import
-
-    import yt_dlp.plugins
+    from yt_dlp.extractor.extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
    from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor

-    # Filter out plugins
-    _ALL_CLASSES = [cls for cls in _ALL_CLASSES if not cls.__module__.startswith(f'{yt_dlp.plugins.PACKAGE_NAME}.')]
-
    DummyInfoExtractor = type('InfoExtractor', (InfoExtractor,), {'IE_NAME': NO_ATTR})
    module_src = '\n'.join((
        MODULE_TEMPLATE,
@@ -58,20 +53,6 @@ def main():
    write_file(lazy_extractors_filename, f'{module_src}\n')


-def get_all_ies():
-    PLUGINS_DIRNAME = 'ytdlp_plugins'
-    BLOCKED_DIRNAME = f'{PLUGINS_DIRNAME}_blocked'
-    if os.path.exists(PLUGINS_DIRNAME):
-        # os.rename cannot be used, e.g. in Docker. See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/4958
-        shutil.move(PLUGINS_DIRNAME, BLOCKED_DIRNAME)
-    try:
-        from yt_dlp.extractor.extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
-    finally:
-        if os.path.exists(BLOCKED_DIRNAME):
-            shutil.move(BLOCKED_DIRNAME, PLUGINS_DIRNAME)
-    return _ALL_CLASSES
-
-
 def extra_ie_code(ie, base=None):
    for var in STATIC_CLASS_PROPERTIES:
        val = getattr(ie, var)
--- a/devscripts/make_readme.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_readme.py
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ PATCHES = (
    ),
    (   # Headings
        r'(?m)^  (\w.+\n)(    (?=\w))?',
-        r'## \1'
+        r'## \1',
    ),
    (   # Fixup `--date` formatting
        rf'(?m)(    --date DATE.+({delim}[^\[]+)*)\[.+({delim}.+)*$',
@@ -61,26 +61,26 @@ PATCHES = (
    ),
    (   # Do not split URLs
        rf'({delim[:-1]})? (?P<label>\[\S+\] )?(?P<url>https?({delim})?:({delim})?/({delim})?/(({delim})?\S+)+)\s',
-        lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group('label') or '', re.sub(r'\s+', '', mobj.group('url')), '\n'))
+        lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group('label') or '', re.sub(r'\s+', '', mobj.group('url')), '\n')),
    ),
    (   # Do not split "words"
        rf'(?m)({delim}\S+)+$',
-        lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group(0).replace(delim, '')))
+        lambda mobj: ''.join((delim, mobj.group(0).replace(delim, ''))),
    ),
    (   # Allow overshooting last line
        rf'(?m)^(?P<prev>.+)${delim}(?P<current>.+)$(?!{delim})',
        lambda mobj: (mobj.group().replace(delim, ' ')
                      if len(mobj.group()) - len(delim) + 1 <= max_width + ALLOWED_OVERSHOOT
-                      else mobj.group())
+                      else mobj.group()),
    ),
    (   # Avoid newline when a space is available b/w switch and description
        DISABLE_PATCH,  # This creates issues with prepare_manpage
        r'(?m)^(\s{4}-.{%d})(%s)' % (switch_col_width - 6, delim),
-        r'\1 '
+        r'\1 ',
    ),
    (   # Replace brackets with a Markdown link
        r'SponsorBlock API \((http.+)\)',
-        r'[SponsorBlock API](\1)'
+        r'[SponsorBlock API](\1)',
    ),
 )

--- a/devscripts/run_tests.py
+++ b/devscripts/run_tests.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ fix_test_name = functools.partial(re.compile(r'IE(_all|_\d+)?$').sub, r'\1')
 def parse_args():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Run selected yt-dlp tests')
    parser.add_argument(
-        'test', help='a extractor tests, or one of "core" or "download"', nargs='*')
+        'test', help='an extractor test, test path, or one of "core" or "download"', nargs='*')
    parser.add_argument(
        '-k', help='run a test matching EXPRESSION. Same as "pytest -k"', metavar='EXPRESSION')
    parser.add_argument(
@@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ def parse_args():
 def run_tests(*tests, pattern=None, ci=False):
    run_core = 'core' in tests or (not pattern and not tests)
    run_download = 'download' in tests
-    tests = list(map(fix_test_name, tests))

    pytest_args = args.pytest_args or os.getenv('HATCH_TEST_ARGS', '')
    arguments = ['pytest', '-Werror', '--tb=short', *shlex.split(pytest_args)]
@@ -41,7 +40,9 @@ def run_tests(*tests, pattern=None, ci=False):
        arguments.extend(['-m', 'download'])
    else:
        arguments.extend(
-            f'test/test_download.py::TestDownload::test_{test}' for test in tests)
+            test if '/' in test
+            else f'test/test_download.py::TestDownload::test_{fix_test_name(test)}'
+            for test in tests)

    print(f'Running {arguments}', flush=True)
    try:
--- a/devscripts/set-variant.py
+++ b/devscripts/set-variant.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def property_setter(name, value):
 opts = parse_options()
 transform = compose_functions(
    property_setter('VARIANT', opts.variant),
-    property_setter('UPDATE_HINT', opts.update_message)
+    property_setter('UPDATE_HINT', opts.update_message),
 )

 write_file(VERSION_FILE, transform(read_file(VERSION_FILE)))
--- a/devscripts/update-version.py
+++ b/devscripts/update-version.py
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ def get_new_version(version, revision):
    else:
        old_version = read_version().split('.')
        if version.split('.') == old_version[:3]:
-            revision = str(int((old_version + [0])[3]) + 1)
+            revision = str(int(([*old_version, 0])[3]) + 1)

    return f'{version}.{revision}' if revision else version

--- a/devscripts/zsh-completion.py
+++ b/devscripts/zsh-completion.py
@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))

 import yt_dlp

-ZSH_COMPLETION_FILE = "completions/zsh/_yt-dlp"
-ZSH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE = "devscripts/zsh-completion.in"
+ZSH_COMPLETION_FILE = 'completions/zsh/_yt-dlp'
+ZSH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE = 'devscripts/zsh-completion.in'


 def build_completion(opt_parser):
    opts = [opt for group in opt_parser.option_groups
            for opt in group.option_list]
-    opts_file = [opt for opt in opts if opt.metavar == "FILE"]
-    opts_dir = [opt for opt in opts if opt.metavar == "DIR"]
+    opts_file = [opt for opt in opts if opt.metavar == 'FILE']
+    opts_dir = [opt for opt in opts if opt.metavar == 'DIR']

    fileopts = []
    for opt in opts_file:
@@ -38,11 +38,11 @@ def build_completion(opt_parser):
    with open(ZSH_COMPLETION_TEMPLATE) as f:
        template = f.read()

-    template = template.replace("{{fileopts}}", "|".join(fileopts))
-    template = template.replace("{{diropts}}", "|".join(diropts))
-    template = template.replace("{{flags}}", " ".join(flags))
+    template = template.replace('{{fileopts}}', '|'.join(fileopts))
+    template = template.replace('{{diropts}}', '|'.join(diropts))
+    template = template.replace('{{flags}}', ' '.join(flags))

-    with open(ZSH_COMPLETION_FILE, "w") as f:
+    with open(ZSH_COMPLETION_FILE, 'w') as f:
        f.write(template)


--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ maintainers = [
    {name = "Grub4K", email = "contact@grub4k.xyz"},
    {name = "bashonly", email = "bashonly@protonmail.com"},
    {name = "coletdjnz", email = "coletdjnz@protonmail.com"},
+    {name = "sepro", email = "sepro@sepr0.com"},
 ]
 description = "A feature-rich command-line audio/video downloader"
 readme = "README.md"
@@ -33,6 +34,7 @@ classifiers = [
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
+    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.13",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: CPython",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: Implementation :: PyPy",
@@ -46,14 +48,17 @@ dependencies = [
    "certifi",
    "mutagen",
    "pycryptodomex",
-    "requests>=2.31.0,<3",
+    "requests>=2.32.2,<3",
    "urllib3>=1.26.17,<3",
-    "websockets>=12.0",
+    "websockets>=13.0",
 ]

 [project.optional-dependencies]
 default = []
-curl-cffi = ["curl-cffi==0.5.10; implementation_name=='cpython'"]
+curl-cffi = [
+    "curl-cffi==0.5.10; os_name=='nt' and implementation_name=='cpython'",
+    "curl-cffi>=0.5.10,!=0.6.*,<0.7.2; os_name!='nt' and implementation_name=='cpython'",
+]
 secretstorage = [
    "cffi",
    "secretstorage",
@@ -62,7 +67,7 @@ build = [
    "build",
    "hatchling",
    "pip",
-    "setuptools>=66.1.0,<70",
+    "setuptools>=71.0.2",  # 71.0.0 broke pyinstaller
    "wheel",
 ]
 dev = [
@@ -72,18 +77,14 @@ dev = [
 ]
 static-analysis = [
    "autopep8~=2.0",
-    "ruff~=0.4.4",
+    "ruff~=0.6.0",
 ]
 test = [
    "pytest~=8.1",
+    "pytest-rerunfailures~=14.0",
 ]
 pyinstaller = [
-    "pyinstaller>=6.3; sys_platform!='darwin'",
-    "pyinstaller==5.13.2; sys_platform=='darwin'",  # needed for curl_cffi
-]
-py2exe = [
-    "py2exe>=0.12",
-    "requests==2.31.*",
+    "pyinstaller>=6.10.0",  # Windows temp cleanup fixed in 6.10.0
 ]

 [project.urls]
@@ -160,7 +161,6 @@ lint-fix = "ruff check --fix {args:.}"
 features = ["test"]
 dependencies = [
    "pytest-randomly~=3.15",
-    "pytest-rerunfailures~=14.0",
    "pytest-xdist[psutil]~=3.5",
 ]

@@ -170,13 +170,11 @@ run-cov = "echo Code coverage not implemented && exit 1"

 [[tool.hatch.envs.hatch-test.matrix]]
 python = [
-    "3.8",
    "3.9",
    "3.10",
    "3.11",
    "3.12",
-    "pypy3.8",
-    "pypy3.9",
+    "3.13",
    "pypy3.10",
 ]

@@ -185,21 +183,85 @@ line-length = 120

 [tool.ruff.lint]
 ignore = [
-    "E402",  # module level import not at top of file
-    "E501",  # line too long
-    "E731",  # do not assign a lambda expression, use a def
-    "E741",  # ambiguous variable name
+    "E402",    # module-import-not-at-top-of-file
+    "E501",    # line-too-long
+    "E731",    # lambda-assignment
+    "E741",    # ambiguous-variable-name
+    "UP036",   # outdated-version-block
+    "B006",    # mutable-argument-default
+    "B008",    # function-call-in-default-argument
+    "B011",    # assert-false
+    "B017",    # assert-raises-exception
+    "B023",    # function-uses-loop-variable (false positives)
+    "B028",    # no-explicit-stacklevel
+    "B904",    # raise-without-from-inside-except
+    "C401",    # unnecessary-generator-set
+    "C402",    # unnecessary-generator-dict
+    "PIE790",  # unnecessary-placeholder
+    "SIM102",  # collapsible-if
+    "SIM108",  # if-else-block-instead-of-if-exp
+    "SIM112",  # uncapitalized-environment-variables
+    "SIM113",  # enumerate-for-loop
+    "SIM114",  # if-with-same-arms
+    "SIM115",  # open-file-with-context-handler
+    "SIM117",  # multiple-with-statements
+    "SIM223",  # expr-and-false
+    "SIM300",  # yoda-conditions
+    "TD001",   # invalid-todo-tag
+    "TD002",   # missing-todo-author
+    "TD003",   # missing-todo-link
+    "PLE0604", # invalid-all-object (false positives)
+    "PLE0643", # potential-index-error (false positives)
+    "PLW0603", # global-statement
+    "PLW1510", # subprocess-run-without-check
+    "PLW2901", # redefined-loop-name
+    "RUF001",  # ambiguous-unicode-character-string
+    "RUF012",  # mutable-class-default
+    "RUF100",  # unused-noqa (flake8 has slightly different behavior)
 ]
 select = [
-    "E",  # pycodestyle errors
-    "W",  # pycodestyle warnings
-    "F",  # pyflakes
-    "I",  # import order
+    "E",      # pycodestyle Error
+    "W",      # pycodestyle Warning
+    "F",      # Pyflakes
+    "I",      # isort
+    "Q",      # flake8-quotes
+    "N803",   # invalid-argument-name
+    "N804",   # invalid-first-argument-name-for-class-method
+    "UP",     # pyupgrade
+    "B",      # flake8-bugbear
+    "A",      # flake8-builtins
+    "COM",    # flake8-commas
+    "C4",     # flake8-comprehensions
+    "FA",     # flake8-future-annotations
+    "ISC",    # flake8-implicit-str-concat
+    "ICN003", # banned-import-from
+    "PIE",    # flake8-pie
+    "T20",    # flake8-print
+    "RSE",    # flake8-raise
+    "RET504", # unnecessary-assign
+    "SIM",    # flake8-simplify
+    "TID251", # banned-api
+    "TD",     # flake8-todos
+    "PLC",    # Pylint Convention
+    "PLE",    # Pylint Error
+    "PLW",    # Pylint Warning
+    "RUF",    # Ruff-specific rules
 ]

 [tool.ruff.lint.per-file-ignores]
-"devscripts/lazy_load_template.py" = ["F401"]
-"!yt_dlp/extractor/**.py" = ["I"]
+"devscripts/lazy_load_template.py" = [
+    "F401",   # unused-import
+]
+"!yt_dlp/extractor/**.py" = [
+    "I",      # isort
+    "ICN003", # banned-import-from
+    "T20",    # flake8-print
+    "A002",   # builtin-argument-shadowing
+    "C408",   # unnecessary-collection-call
+]
+"yt_dlp/jsinterp.py" = [
+    "UP031",  # printf-string-formatting
+]

 [tool.ruff.lint.isort]
 known-first-party = [
@@ -209,6 +271,50 @@ known-first-party = [
 ]
 relative-imports-order = "closest-to-furthest"

+[tool.ruff.lint.flake8-quotes]
+docstring-quotes = "double"
+multiline-quotes = "single"
+inline-quotes = "single"
+avoid-escape = false
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.pep8-naming]
+classmethod-decorators = [
+    "yt_dlp.utils.classproperty",
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.flake8-import-conventions]
+banned-from = [
+    "base64",
+    "datetime",
+    "functools",
+    "glob",
+    "hashlib",
+    "itertools",
+    "json",
+    "math",
+    "os",
+    "pathlib",
+    "random",
+    "re",
+    "string",
+    "sys",
+    "time",
+    "urllib.parse",
+    "uuid",
+    "xml",
+]
+
+[tool.ruff.lint.flake8-tidy-imports.banned-api]
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_str".msg = "Use `str` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_b64decode".msg = "Use `base64.b64decode` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_urlparse".msg = "Use `urllib.parse` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_parse_qs".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.parse_qs` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_urllib_parse_unquote".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.unquote` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_urllib_parse_urlencode".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.urlencode` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_urllib_parse_urlparse".msg = "Use `urllib.parse.urlparse` instead."
+"yt_dlp.compat.compat_shlex_quote".msg = "Use `yt_dlp.utils.shell_quote` instead."
+"yt_dlp.utils.error_to_compat_str".msg = "Use `str` instead."
+
 [tool.autopep8]
 max_line_length = 120
 recursive = true
--- a/setup.cfg
+++ b/setup.cfg
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ remove-unused-variables = true

 [tox:tox]
 skipsdist = true
-envlist = py{38,39,310,311,312},pypy{38,39,310}
+envlist = py{39,310,311,312,313},pypy310
 skip_missing_interpreters = true

 [testenv]  # tox
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@@ -45,9 +45,6 @@
 - **aenetworks:collection**
 - **aenetworks:show**
 - **AeonCo**
- - **afreecatv**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com
- - **afreecatv:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") afreecatv.com livestreams
- - **afreecatv:user**
 - **AirTV**
 - **AitubeKZVideo**
 - **AliExpressLive**
@@ -142,6 +139,7 @@
 - **BBVTV**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **BBVTVLive**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **BBVTVRecordings**: [*bbvtv*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **BeaconTv**
 - **BeatBumpPlaylist**
 - **BeatBumpVideo**
 - **Beatport**
@@ -252,6 +250,7 @@
 - **CCMA**
 - **CCTV**: 央视网
 - **CDA**: [*cdapl*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **CDAFolder**
 - **Cellebrite**
 - **CeskaTelevize**
 - **CGTN**
@@ -353,7 +352,6 @@
 - **DigitallySpeaking**
 - **Digiteka**
 - **DiscogsReleasePlaylist**
- - **Discovery**
 - **DiscoveryLife**
 - **DiscoveryNetworksDe**
 - **DiscoveryPlus**
@@ -362,7 +360,6 @@
 - **DiscoveryPlusItaly**
 - **DiscoveryPlusItalyShow**
 - **Disney**
- - **DIYNetwork**
 - **dlf**
 - **dlf:corpus**: DLF Multi-feed Archives
 - **dlive:stream**
@@ -506,6 +503,7 @@
 - **gem.cbc.ca:playlist**
 - **Genius**
 - **GeniusLyrics**
+ - **Germanupa**: germanupa.de
 - **GetCourseRu**: [*getcourseru*](## "netrc machine")
 - **GetCourseRuPlayer**
 - **Gettr**
@@ -515,7 +513,6 @@
 - **GlattvisionTVLive**: [*glattvisiontv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **GlattvisionTVRecordings**: [*glattvisiontv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **Glide**: Glide mobile video messages (glide.me)
- - **GlobalCyclingNetworkPlus**
 - **GlobalPlayerAudio**
 - **GlobalPlayerAudioEpisode**
 - **GlobalPlayerLive**
@@ -542,6 +539,7 @@
 - **Goshgay**
 - **GoToStage**
 - **GPUTechConf**
+ - **Graspop**
 - **Gronkh**
 - **gronkh:feed**
 - **gronkh:vods**
@@ -581,6 +579,7 @@
 - **HungamaAlbumPlaylist**
 - **HungamaSong**
 - **huya:live**: huya.com
+ - **huya:video**: 虎牙视频
 - **Hypem**
 - **Hytale**
 - **Icareus**
@@ -656,10 +655,12 @@
 - **Ketnet**
 - **khanacademy**
 - **khanacademy:unit**
- - **Kick**
+ - **kick:clips**
+ - **kick:live**
+ - **kick:vod**
 - **Kicker**
 - **KickStarter**
- - **KickVOD**
+ - **Kika**: KiKA.de
 - **kinja:embed**
 - **KinoPoisk**
 - **Kommunetv**
@@ -678,6 +679,8 @@
 - **la7.it**
 - **la7.it:pod:episode**
 - **la7.it:podcast**
+ - **laracasts**
+ - **laracasts:series**
 - **LastFM**
 - **LastFMPlaylist**
 - **LastFMUser**
@@ -689,6 +692,7 @@
 - **Lcp**
 - **LcpPlay**
 - **Le**: 乐视网
+ - **LearningOnScreen**
 - **Lecture2Go**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Lecturio**: [*lecturio*](## "netrc machine")
 - **LecturioCourse**: [*lecturio*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -719,7 +723,6 @@
 - **livestream:original**
 - **Livestreamfails**
 - **Lnk**
- - **LnkGo**
 - **loc**: Library of Congress
 - **loom**
 - **loom:folder**
@@ -753,7 +756,7 @@
 - **Masters**
 - **MatchTV**
 - **MBN**: mbn.co.kr (매일방송)
- - **MDR**: MDR.DE and KiKA
+ - **MDR**: MDR.DE
 - **MedalTV**
 - **media.ccc.de**
 - **media.ccc.de:lists**
@@ -775,7 +778,12 @@
 - **MelonVOD**
 - **Metacritic**
 - **mewatch**
+ - **MicrosoftBuild**
 - **MicrosoftEmbed**
+ - **MicrosoftLearnEpisode**
+ - **MicrosoftLearnPlaylist**
+ - **MicrosoftLearnSession**
+ - **MicrosoftMedius**
 - **microsoftstream**: Microsoft Stream
 - **mildom**: Record ongoing live by specific user in Mildom
 - **mildom:clip**: Clip in Mildom
@@ -803,6 +811,7 @@
 - **MNetTVLive**: [*mnettv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **MNetTVRecordings**: [*mnettv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **MochaVideo**
+ - **Mojevideo**: mojevideo.sk
 - **Mojvideo**
 - **Monstercat**
 - **MonsterSirenHypergryphMusic**
@@ -811,8 +820,6 @@
 - **MotherlessGroup**
 - **MotherlessUploader**
 - **Motorsport**: motorsport.com (**Currently broken**)
- - **MotorTrend**
- - **MotorTrendOnDemand**
 - **MovieFap**
 - **Moviepilot**
 - **MoviewPlay**
@@ -830,7 +837,7 @@
 - **MTVUutisetArticle**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **MuenchenTV**: münchen.tv (**Currently broken**)
 - **MujRozhlas**
- - **Murrtube**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Murrtube**
 - **MurrtubeUser**: Murrtube user profile (**Currently broken**)
 - **MuseAI**
 - **MuseScore**
@@ -838,8 +845,6 @@
 - **MusicdexArtist**
 - **MusicdexPlaylist**
 - **MusicdexSong**
- - **mva**: Microsoft Virtual Academy videos
- - **mva:course**: Microsoft Virtual Academy courses
 - **Mx3**
 - **Mx3Neo**
 - **Mx3Volksmusik**
@@ -1038,8 +1043,8 @@
 - **Parler**: Posts on parler.com
 - **parliamentlive.tv**: UK parliament videos
 - **Parlview**: (**Currently broken**)
- - **Patreon**
- - **PatreonCampaign**
+ - **patreon**
+ - **patreon:campaign**
 - **pbs**: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and member stations: PBS: Public Broadcasting Service, APT - Alabama Public Television (WBIQ), GPB/Georgia Public Broadcasting (WGTV), Mississippi Public Broadcasting (WMPN), Nashville Public Television (WNPT), WFSU-TV (WFSU), WSRE (WSRE), WTCI (WTCI), WPBA/Channel 30 (WPBA), Alaska Public Media (KAKM), Arizona PBS (KAET), KNME-TV/Channel 5 (KNME), Vegas PBS (KLVX), AETN/ARKANSAS ETV NETWORK (KETS), KET (WKLE), WKNO/Channel 10 (WKNO), LPB/LOUISIANA PUBLIC BROADCASTING (WLPB), OETA (KETA), Ozarks Public Television (KOZK), WSIU Public Broadcasting (WSIU), KEET TV (KEET), KIXE/Channel 9 (KIXE), KPBS San Diego (KPBS), KQED (KQED), KVIE Public Television (KVIE), PBS SoCal/KOCE (KOCE), ValleyPBS (KVPT), CONNECTICUT PUBLIC TELEVISION (WEDH), KNPB Channel 5 (KNPB), SOPTV (KSYS), Rocky Mountain PBS (KRMA), KENW-TV3 (KENW), KUED Channel 7 (KUED), Wyoming PBS (KCWC), Colorado Public Television / KBDI 12 (KBDI), KBYU-TV (KBYU), Thirteen/WNET New York (WNET), WGBH/Channel 2 (WGBH), WGBY (WGBY), NJTV Public Media NJ (WNJT), WLIW21 (WLIW), mpt/Maryland Public Television (WMPB), WETA Television and Radio (WETA), WHYY (WHYY), PBS 39 (WLVT), WVPT - Your Source for PBS and More! (WVPT), Howard University Television (WHUT), WEDU PBS (WEDU), WGCU Public Media (WGCU), WPBT2 (WPBT), WUCF TV (WUCF), WUFT/Channel 5 (WUFT), WXEL/Channel 42 (WXEL), WLRN/Channel 17 (WLRN), WUSF Public Broadcasting (WUSF), ETV (WRLK), UNC-TV (WUNC), PBS Hawaii - Oceanic Cable Channel 10 (KHET), Idaho Public Television (KAID), KSPS (KSPS), OPB (KOPB), KWSU/Channel 10 & KTNW/Channel 31 (KWSU), WILL-TV (WILL), Network Knowledge - WSEC/Springfield (WSEC), WTTW11 (WTTW), Iowa Public Television/IPTV (KDIN), Nine Network (KETC), PBS39 Fort Wayne (WFWA), WFYI Indianapolis (WFYI), Milwaukee Public Television (WMVS), WNIN (WNIN), WNIT Public Television (WNIT), WPT (WPNE), WVUT/Channel 22 (WVUT), WEIU/Channel 51 (WEIU), WQPT-TV (WQPT), WYCC PBS Chicago (WYCC), WIPB-TV (WIPB), WTIU (WTIU), CET  (WCET), ThinkTVNetwork (WPTD), WBGU-TV (WBGU), WGVU TV (WGVU), NET1 (KUON), Pioneer Public Television (KWCM), SDPB Television (KUSD), TPT (KTCA), KSMQ (KSMQ), KPTS/Channel 8 (KPTS), KTWU/Channel 11 (KTWU), East Tennessee PBS (WSJK), WCTE-TV (WCTE), WLJT, Channel 11 (WLJT), WOSU TV (WOSU), WOUB/WOUC (WOUB), WVPB (WVPB), WKYU-PBS (WKYU), KERA 13 (KERA), MPBN (WCBB), Mountain Lake PBS (WCFE), NHPTV (WENH), Vermont PBS (WETK), witf (WITF), WQED Multimedia (WQED), WMHT Educational Telecommunications (WMHT), Q-TV (WDCQ), WTVS Detroit Public TV (WTVS), CMU Public Television (WCMU), WKAR-TV (WKAR), WNMU-TV Public TV 13 (WNMU), WDSE - WRPT (WDSE), WGTE TV (WGTE), Lakeland Public Television (KAWE), KMOS-TV - Channels 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 (KMOS), MontanaPBS (KUSM), KRWG/Channel 22 (KRWG), KACV (KACV), KCOS/Channel 13 (KCOS), WCNY/Channel 24 (WCNY), WNED (WNED), WPBS (WPBS), WSKG Public TV (WSKG), WXXI (WXXI), WPSU (WPSU), WVIA Public Media Studios (WVIA), WTVI (WTVI), Western Reserve PBS (WNEO), WVIZ/PBS ideastream (WVIZ), KCTS 9 (KCTS), Basin PBS (KPBT), KUHT / Channel 8 (KUHT), KLRN (KLRN), KLRU (KLRU), WTJX Channel 12 (WTJX), WCVE PBS (WCVE), KBTC Public Television (KBTC)
 - **PBSKids**
 - **PearVideo**
@@ -1131,13 +1136,13 @@
 - **QingTing**
 - **qqmusic**: QQ音乐
 - **qqmusic:album**: QQ音乐 - 专辑
+ - **qqmusic:mv**: QQ音乐 - MV
 - **qqmusic:playlist**: QQ音乐 - 歌单
 - **qqmusic:singer**: QQ音乐 - 歌手
 - **qqmusic:toplist**: QQ音乐 - 排行榜
 - **QuantumTV**: [*quantumtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **QuantumTVLive**: [*quantumtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **QuantumTVRecordings**: [*quantumtv*](## "netrc machine")
- - **Qub**
 - **R7**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **R7Article**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Radiko**
@@ -1237,6 +1242,7 @@
 - **rtve.es:television**
 - **RTVS**
 - **rtvslo.si**
+ - **rtvslo.si:show**
 - **RudoVideo**
 - **Rule34Video**
 - **Rumble**
@@ -1280,12 +1286,14 @@
 - **Screencast**
 - **Screencastify**
 - **ScreencastOMatic**
+ - **ScreenRec**
 - **ScrippsNetworks**
 - **scrippsnetworks:watch**
 - **Scrolller**
 - **SCTE**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
 - **SCTECourse**: [*scte*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
 - **sejm**
+ - **Sen**
 - **SenalColombiaLive**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **SenateGov**
 - **SenateISVP**
@@ -1322,11 +1330,16 @@
 - **SlidesLive**
 - **Slutload**
 - **Smotrim**
+ - **SnapchatSpotlight**
 - **Snotr**
 - **Sohu**
 - **SohuV**
 - **SonyLIV**: [*sonyliv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **SonyLIVSeries**
+ - **soop**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr
+ - **soop:catchstory**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr catch story
+ - **soop:live**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine") sooplive.co.kr livestreams
+ - **soop:user**: [*afreecatv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **soundcloud**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
 - **soundcloud:playlist**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
 - **soundcloud:related**: [*soundcloud*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1360,6 +1373,7 @@
 - **SpreakerShowPage**
 - **SpringboardPlatform**
 - **Sprout**
+ - **SproutVideo**
 - **sr:mediathek**: Saarländischer Rundfunk (**Currently broken**)
 - **SRGSSR**
 - **SRGSSRPlay**: srf.ch, rts.ch, rsi.ch, rtr.ch and swissinfo.ch play sites
@@ -1494,8 +1508,8 @@
 - **Tube8**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **TubeTuGraz**: [*tubetugraz*](## "netrc machine") tube.tugraz.at
 - **TubeTuGrazSeries**: [*tubetugraz*](## "netrc machine")
- - **TubiTv**: [*tubitv*](## "netrc machine")
- - **TubiTvShow**
+ - **tubitv**: [*tubitv*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **tubitv:series**
 - **Tumblr**: [*tumblr*](## "netrc machine")
 - **TuneInPodcast**
 - **TuneInPodcastEpisode**
@@ -1512,9 +1526,9 @@
 - **tv5unis**
 - **tv5unis:video**
 - **tv8.it**
- - **TVA**
 - **TVANouvelles**
 - **TVANouvellesArticle**
+ - **tvaplus**: TVA+
 - **TVC**
 - **TVCArticle**
 - **TVer**
@@ -1602,11 +1616,14 @@
 - **videomore:season**
 - **videomore:video**
 - **VideoPress**
+ - **Vidflex**
 - **Vidio**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VidioLive**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VidioPremier**: [*vidio*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VidLii**
 - **Vidly**
+ - **vids.io**
+ - **Vidyard**
 - **viewlift**
 - **viewlift:embed**
 - **Viidea**
@@ -1654,6 +1671,8 @@
 - **VRT**: VRT NWS, Flanders News, Flandern Info and Sporza
 - **VrtNU**: [*vrtnu*](## "netrc machine") VRT MAX
 - **VTM**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **VTV**
+ - **VTVGo**
 - **VTXTV**: [*vtxtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VTXTVLive**: [*vtxtv*](## "netrc machine")
 - **VTXTVRecordings**: [*vtxtv*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1726,7 +1745,7 @@
 - **XiaoHongShu**: 小红书
 - **ximalaya**: 喜马拉雅FM
 - **ximalaya:album**: 喜马拉雅FM 专辑
- - **xinpianchang**: xinpianchang.com (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Xinpianchang**: 新片场
 - **XMinus**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **XNXX**
 - **Xstream**
@@ -1760,24 +1779,24 @@
 - **YouPornStar**: YouPorn Pornstar, with description, sorting and pagination
 - **YouPornTag**: YouPorn tag (porntags), with sorting, filtering and pagination
 - **YouPornVideos**: YouPorn video (browse) playlists, with sorting, filtering and pagination
- - **youtube**: YouTube
- - **youtube:clip**
- - **youtube:favorites**: YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:history**: Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:music:search_url**: YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs
- - **youtube:notif**: YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:playlist**: YouTube playlists
- - **youtube:recommended**: YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword
- - **youtube:search**: YouTube search; "ytsearch:" prefix
- - **youtube:search:date**: YouTube search, newest videos first; "ytsearchdate:" prefix
- - **youtube:search_url**: YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support
- - **youtube:shorts:pivot:audio**: YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)
- - **youtube:subscriptions**: YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **youtube:tab**: YouTube Tabs
- - **youtube:user**: YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix
- - **youtube:watchlater**: Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)
- - **YoutubeLivestreamEmbed**: YouTube livestream embeds
- - **YoutubeYtBe**: youtu.be
+ - **youtube**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube
+ - **youtube:clip**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **youtube:favorites**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:history**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:music:search_url**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs
+ - **youtube:notif**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:playlist**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube playlists
+ - **youtube:recommended**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword
+ - **youtube:search**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search; "ytsearch:" prefix
+ - **youtube:search:date**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search, newest videos first; "ytsearchdate:" prefix
+ - **youtube:search_url**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support
+ - **youtube:shorts:pivot:audio**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)
+ - **youtube:subscriptions**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **youtube:tab**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube Tabs
+ - **youtube:user**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix
+ - **youtube:watchlater**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)
+ - **YoutubeLivestreamEmbed**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") YouTube livestream embeds
+ - **YoutubeYtBe**: [*youtube*](## "netrc machine") youtu.be
 - **Zaiko**
 - **ZaikoETicket**
 - **Zapiks**
--- a/test/conftest.py
+++ b/test/conftest.py
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ def handler(request):
    class HandlerWrapper(handler):
        RH_KEY = handler.RH_KEY

-        def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-            super().__init__(logger=FakeLogger, *args, **kwargs)
+        def __init__(self, **kwargs):
+            super().__init__(logger=FakeLogger, **kwargs)

    return HandlerWrapper

@@ -54,11 +54,11 @@ def skip_handlers_if(request, handler):

 def pytest_configure(config):
    config.addinivalue_line(
-        "markers", "skip_handler(handler): skip test for the given handler",
+        'markers', 'skip_handler(handler): skip test for the given handler',
    )
    config.addinivalue_line(
-        "markers", "skip_handler_if(handler): skip test for the given handler if condition is true"
+        'markers', 'skip_handler_if(handler): skip test for the given handler if condition is true',
    )
    config.addinivalue_line(
-        "markers", "skip_handlers_if(handler): skip test for handlers when the condition is true"
+        'markers', 'skip_handlers_if(handler): skip test for handlers when the condition is true',
    )
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@@ -16,8 +16,8 @@ if 'pytest' in sys.modules:
    import pytest
    is_download_test = pytest.mark.download
 else:
-    def is_download_test(testClass):
-        return testClass
+    def is_download_test(test_class):
+        return test_class


 def get_params(override=None):
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ def try_rm(filename):


 def report_warning(message, *args, **kwargs):
-    '''
+    """
    Print the message to stderr, it will be prefixed with 'WARNING:'
    If stderr is a tty file the 'WARNING:' will be colored
-    '''
+    """
    if sys.stderr.isatty() and compat_os_name != 'nt':
        _msg_header = '\033[0;33mWARNING:\033[0m'
    else:
@@ -138,15 +138,14 @@ def expect_value(self, got, expected, field):
    elif isinstance(expected, list) and isinstance(got, list):
        self.assertEqual(
            len(expected), len(got),
-            'Expect a list of length %d, but got a list of length %d for field %s' % (
-                len(expected), len(got), field))
+            f'Expect a list of length {len(expected)}, but got a list of length {len(got)} for field {field}')
        for index, (item_got, item_expected) in enumerate(zip(got, expected)):
            type_got = type(item_got)
            type_expected = type(item_expected)
            self.assertEqual(
                type_expected, type_got,
-                'Type mismatch for list item at index %d for field %s, expected %r, got %r' % (
-                    index, field, type_expected, type_got))
+                f'Type mismatch for list item at index {index} for field {field}, '
+                f'expected {type_expected!r}, got {type_got!r}')
            expect_value(self, item_got, item_expected, field)
    else:
        if isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('md5:'):
@@ -224,7 +223,7 @@ def sanitize_got_info_dict(got_dict):
        test_info_dict.pop('display_id')

    # Remove deprecated fields
-    for old in YoutubeDL._deprecated_multivalue_fields.keys():
+    for old in YoutubeDL._deprecated_multivalue_fields:
        test_info_dict.pop(old, None)

    # release_year may be generated from release_date
@@ -246,11 +245,11 @@ def expect_info_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
        if expected_dict.get('ext'):
            mandatory_fields.extend(('url', 'ext'))
        for key in mandatory_fields:
-            self.assertTrue(got_dict.get(key), 'Missing mandatory field %s' % key)
+            self.assertTrue(got_dict.get(key), f'Missing mandatory field {key}')
    # Check for mandatory fields that are automatically set by YoutubeDL
    if got_dict.get('_type', 'video') == 'video':
        for key in ['webpage_url', 'extractor', 'extractor_key']:
-            self.assertTrue(got_dict.get(key), 'Missing field: %s' % key)
+            self.assertTrue(got_dict.get(key), f'Missing field: {key}')

    test_info_dict = sanitize_got_info_dict(got_dict)

@@ -258,7 +257,7 @@ def expect_info_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
    if missing_keys:
        def _repr(v):
            if isinstance(v, str):
-                return "'%s'" % v.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace("'", "\\'").replace('\n', '\\n')
+                return "'{}'".format(v.replace('\\', '\\\\').replace("'", "\\'").replace('\n', '\\n'))
            elif isinstance(v, type):
                return v.__name__
            else:
@@ -275,8 +274,7 @@ def expect_info_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
        write_string(info_dict_str.replace('\n', '\n        '), out=sys.stderr)
        self.assertFalse(
            missing_keys,
-            'Missing keys in test definition: %s' % (
-                ', '.join(sorted(missing_keys))))
+            'Missing keys in test definition: {}'.format(', '.join(sorted(missing_keys))))


 def assertRegexpMatches(self, text, regexp, msg=None):
@@ -285,9 +283,9 @@ def assertRegexpMatches(self, text, regexp, msg=None):
    else:
        m = re.match(regexp, text)
        if not m:
-            note = 'Regexp didn\'t match: %r not found' % (regexp)
+            note = f'Regexp didn\'t match: {regexp!r} not found'
            if len(text) < 1000:
-                note += ' in %r' % text
+                note += f' in {text!r}'
            if msg is None:
                msg = note
            else:
@@ -310,7 +308,7 @@ def assertLessEqual(self, got, expected, msg=None):


 def assertEqual(self, got, expected, msg=None):
-    if not (got == expected):
+    if got != expected:
        if msg is None:
            msg = f'{got!r} not equal to {expected!r}'
        self.assertTrue(got == expected, msg)
--- a/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
+++ b/test/test_InfoExtractor.py
@@ -262,19 +262,19 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                ''',
                {
                    'chapters': [
-                        {"title": "Explosie Turnhout", "start_time": 70, "end_time": 440},
-                        {"title": "Jaarwisseling", "start_time": 440, "end_time": 1179},
-                        {"title": "Natuurbranden Colorado", "start_time": 1179, "end_time": 1263},
-                        {"title": "Klimaatverandering", "start_time": 1263, "end_time": 1367},
-                        {"title": "Zacht weer", "start_time": 1367, "end_time": 1383},
-                        {"title": "Financiële balans", "start_time": 1383, "end_time": 1484},
-                        {"title": "Club Brugge", "start_time": 1484, "end_time": 1575},
-                        {"title": "Mentale gezondheid bij topsporters", "start_time": 1575, "end_time": 1728},
-                        {"title": "Olympische Winterspelen", "start_time": 1728, "end_time": 1873},
-                        {"title": "Sober oudjaar in Nederland", "start_time": 1873, "end_time": 2079.23}
+                        {'title': 'Explosie Turnhout', 'start_time': 70, 'end_time': 440},
+                        {'title': 'Jaarwisseling', 'start_time': 440, 'end_time': 1179},
+                        {'title': 'Natuurbranden Colorado', 'start_time': 1179, 'end_time': 1263},
+                        {'title': 'Klimaatverandering', 'start_time': 1263, 'end_time': 1367},
+                        {'title': 'Zacht weer', 'start_time': 1367, 'end_time': 1383},
+                        {'title': 'Financiële balans', 'start_time': 1383, 'end_time': 1484},
+                        {'title': 'Club Brugge', 'start_time': 1484, 'end_time': 1575},
+                        {'title': 'Mentale gezondheid bij topsporters', 'start_time': 1575, 'end_time': 1728},
+                        {'title': 'Olympische Winterspelen', 'start_time': 1728, 'end_time': 1873},
+                        {'title': 'Sober oudjaar in Nederland', 'start_time': 1873, 'end_time': 2079.23},
                    ],
-                    'title': 'Het journaal - Aflevering 365 (Seizoen 2021)'
-                }, {}
+                    'title': 'Het journaal - Aflevering 365 (Seizoen 2021)',
+                }, {},
            ),
            (
                # test multiple thumbnails in a list
@@ -301,13 +301,13 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                    'thumbnails': [{'url': 'https://www.rainews.it/cropgd/640x360/dl/img/2021/12/30/1640886376927_GettyImages.jpg'}],
                },
                {},
-            )
+            ),
        ]
        for html, expected_dict, search_json_ld_kwargs in _TESTS:
            expect_dict(
                self,
                self.ie._search_json_ld(html, None, **search_json_ld_kwargs),
-                expected_dict
+                expected_dict,
            )

    def test_download_json(self):
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                    'height': 740,
                    'tbr': 1500,
                }],
-                'thumbnail': '//pics.r18.com/digital/amateur/mgmr105/mgmr105jp.jpg'
+                'thumbnail': '//pics.r18.com/digital/amateur/mgmr105/mgmr105jp.jpg',
            })

        # from https://www.csfd.cz/
@@ -419,9 +419,9 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                    'height': 1080,
                }],
                'subtitles': {
-                    'cs': [{'url': 'https://video.csfd.cz/files/subtitles/163/344/163344115_4c388b.srt'}]
+                    'cs': [{'url': 'https://video.csfd.cz/files/subtitles/163/344/163344115_4c388b.srt'}],
                },
-                'thumbnail': 'https://img.csfd.cz/files/images/film/video/preview/163/344/163344118_748d20.png?h360'
+                'thumbnail': 'https://img.csfd.cz/files/images/film/video/preview/163/344/163344118_748d20.png?h360',
            })

        # from https://tamasha.com/v/Kkdjw
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'format_id': '144p',
                    'height': 144,
-                }]
+                }],
            })

        # from https://www.directvnow.com
@@ -470,7 +470,7 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                'formats': [{
                    'ext': 'mp4',
                    'url': 'https://cdn.directv.com/content/dam/dtv/prod/website_directvnow-international/videos/DTVN_hdr_HBO_v3.mp4',
-                }]
+                }],
            })

        # from https://www.directvnow.com
@@ -488,7 +488,7 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                'formats': [{
                    'url': 'https://cdn.directv.com/content/dam/dtv/prod/website_directvnow-international/videos/DTVN_hdr_HBO_v3.mp4',
                    'ext': 'mp4',
-                }]
+                }],
            })

        # from https://www.klarna.com/uk/
@@ -547,8 +547,8 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                'id': 'XEgvuql4',
                'formats': [{
                    'url': 'rtmp://192.138.214.154/live/sjclive',
-                    'ext': 'flv'
-                }]
+                    'ext': 'flv',
+                }],
            })

        # from https://www.pornoxo.com/videos/7564/striptease-from-sexy-secretary/
@@ -588,8 +588,8 @@ class TestInfoExtractor(unittest.TestCase):
                'thumbnail': 'https://t03.vipstreamservice.com/thumbs/pxo-full/2009-12/14/a4b2157147afe5efa93ce1978e0265289c193874e02597.flv-full-13.jpg',
                'formats': [{
                    'url': 'https://cdn.pornoxo.com/key=MF+oEbaxqTKb50P-w9G3nA,end=1489689259,ip=104.199.146.27/ip=104.199.146.27/speed=6573765/buffer=3.0/2009-12/4b2157147afe5efa93ce1978e0265289c193874e02597.flv',
-                    'ext': 'flv'
-                }]
+                    'ext': 'flv',
+                }],
            })

        # from http://www.indiedb.com/games/king-machine/videos
@@ -610,12 +610,12 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                'formats': [{
                    'url': 'http://cdn.dbolical.com/cache/videos/games/1/50/49678/encode_mp4/king-machine-trailer.mp4',
                    'height': 360,
-                    'ext': 'mp4'
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
                }, {
                    'url': 'http://cdn.dbolical.com/cache/videos/games/1/50/49678/encode720p_mp4/king-machine-trailer.mp4',
                    'height': 720,
-                    'ext': 'mp4'
-                }]
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                }],
            })

    def test_parse_m3u8_formats(self):
@@ -866,7 +866,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                    'height': 1080,
                    'vcodec': 'avc1.64002a',
                }],
-                {}
+                {},
            ),
            (
                'bipbop_16x9',
@@ -990,45 +990,45 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                    'en': [{
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/eng/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }, {
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/eng_forced/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }],
                    'fr': [{
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/fra/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }, {
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/fra_forced/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }],
                    'es': [{
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/spa/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }, {
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/spa_forced/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }],
                    'ja': [{
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/jpn/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }, {
                        'url': 'https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/bipbop_16x9/subtitles/jpn_forced/prog_index.m3u8',
                        'ext': 'vtt',
-                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native'
+                        'protocol': 'm3u8_native',
                    }],
-                }
+                },
            ),
        ]

        for m3u8_file, m3u8_url, expected_formats, expected_subs in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/m3u8/%s.m3u8' % m3u8_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/m3u8/{m3u8_file}.m3u8', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                formats, subs = self.ie._parse_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                    f.read(), m3u8_url, ext='mp4')
                self.ie._sort_formats(formats)
@@ -1366,14 +1366,14 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                            'url': 'https://sdn-global-streaming-cache-3qsdn.akamaized.net/stream/3144/files/17/07/672975/3144-kZT4LWMQw6Rh7Kpd.ism/manifest.mpd',
                            'fragment_base_url': 'https://sdn-global-streaming-cache-3qsdn.akamaized.net/stream/3144/files/17/07/672975/3144-kZT4LWMQw6Rh7Kpd.ism/dash/',
                            'protocol': 'http_dash_segments',
-                        }
-                    ]
+                        },
+                    ],
                },
-            )
+            ),
        ]

        for mpd_file, mpd_url, mpd_base_url, expected_formats, expected_subtitles in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/mpd/%s.mpd' % mpd_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/mpd/{mpd_file}.mpd', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                formats, subtitles = self.ie._parse_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
                    compat_etree_fromstring(f.read().encode()),
                    mpd_base_url=mpd_base_url, mpd_url=mpd_url)
@@ -1408,7 +1408,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'sampling_rate': 48000,
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-100',
@@ -1431,7 +1431,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA0544EFFC2D002CBC40000003004000000C03C60CA80000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-326',
@@ -1454,7 +1454,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA0241FE23FFC3BC83BA44000003000400000300C03C60CA800000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-698',
@@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA0350BFB97FF06AF06AD1000003000100000300300F1832A00000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-1493',
@@ -1500,7 +1500,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA011C3DE6FFF0D890D871000003000100000300300F1832A00000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video-4482',
@@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401FDA01A816F97FFC1ABC1AB440000003004000000C03C60CA80000000168EF32C8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }],
                {
@@ -1538,10 +1538,10 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                                'duration': 8880746666,
                                'timescale': 10000000,
                                'fourcc': 'TTML',
-                                'codec_private_data': ''
-                            }
-                        }
-                    ]
+                                'codec_private_data': '',
+                            },
+                        },
+                    ],
                },
            ),
            (
@@ -1571,7 +1571,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'sampling_rate': 48000,
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'audio_deu_1-224',
@@ -1597,7 +1597,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'sampling_rate': 48000,
                        'channels': 6,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-23',
@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '000000016742C00CDB06077E5C05A808080A00000300020000030009C0C02EE0177CC6300F142AE00000000168CA8DC8',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-403',
@@ -1647,7 +1647,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D4014E98323B602D4040405000003000100000300320F1429380000000168EAECF2',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-680',
@@ -1672,7 +1672,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401EE981405FF2E02D4040405000000300100000030320F162D3800000000168EAECF2',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-1253',
@@ -1698,7 +1698,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401EE981405FF2E02D4040405000000300100000030320F162D3800000000168EAECF2',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-2121',
@@ -1723,7 +1723,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D401EECA0601BD80B50101014000003000400000300C83C58B6580000000168E93B3C80',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-3275',
@@ -1748,7 +1748,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D4020ECA02802DD80B501010140000003004000000C83C60C65800000000168E93B3C80',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-5300',
@@ -1773,7 +1773,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D4028ECA03C0113F2E02D4040405000000300100000030320F18319600000000168E93B3C80',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }, {
                    'format_id': 'video_deu-8079',
@@ -1798,7 +1798,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                        'codec_private_data': '00000001674D4028ECA03C0113F2E02D4040405000000300100000030320F18319600000000168E93B3C80',
                        'channels': 2,
                        'bits_per_sample': 16,
-                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4
+                        'nal_unit_length_field': 4,
                    },
                }],
                {},
@@ -1806,7 +1806,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
        ]

        for ism_file, ism_url, expected_formats, expected_subtitles in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/ism/%s.Manifest' % ism_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/ism/{ism_file}.Manifest', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                formats, subtitles = self.ie._parse_ism_formats_and_subtitles(
                    compat_etree_fromstring(f.read().encode()), ism_url=ism_url)
                self.ie._sort_formats(formats)
@@ -1827,12 +1827,12 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                    'tbr': 2148,
                    'width': 1280,
                    'height': 720,
-                }]
+                }],
            ),
        ]

        for f4m_file, f4m_url, expected_formats in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/f4m/%s.f4m' % f4m_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/f4m/{f4m_file}.f4m', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                formats = self.ie._parse_f4m_formats(
                    compat_etree_fromstring(f.read().encode()),
                    f4m_url, None)
@@ -1873,13 +1873,13 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
                    }, {
                        'manifest_url': 'https://example.org/src/foo_xspf.xspf',
                        'url': 'https://example.com/track3.mp3',
-                    }]
-                }]
+                    }],
+                }],
            ),
        ]

        for xspf_file, xspf_url, expected_entries in _TEST_CASES:
-            with open('./test/testdata/xspf/%s.xspf' % xspf_file, encoding='utf-8') as f:
+            with open(f'./test/testdata/xspf/{xspf_file}.xspf', encoding='utf-8') as f:
                entries = self.ie._parse_xspf(
                    compat_etree_fromstring(f.read().encode()),
                    xspf_file, xspf_url=xspf_url, xspf_base_url=xspf_url)
@@ -1902,7 +1902,7 @@ jwplayer("mediaplayer").setup({"abouttext":"Visit Indie DB","aboutlink":"http:\/
        server_thread.start()

        (content, urlh) = self.ie._download_webpage_handle(
-            'http://127.0.0.1:%d/teapot' % port, None,
+            f'http://127.0.0.1:{port}/teapot', None,
            expected_status=TEAPOT_RESPONSE_STATUS)
        self.assertEqual(content, TEAPOT_RESPONSE_BODY)

--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@@ -4,10 +4,12 @@
 import os
 import sys
 import unittest
+from unittest.mock import patch

 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


+import contextlib
 import copy
 import json

@@ -129,8 +131,8 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
                'allow_multiple_audio_streams': multi,
            })
            ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
-            downloaded = map(lambda x: x['format_id'], ydl.downloaded_info_dicts)
-            self.assertEqual(list(downloaded), list(expected))
+            downloaded = [x['format_id'] for x in ydl.downloaded_info_dicts]
+            self.assertEqual(downloaded, list(expected))

        test('20/47', '47')
        test('20/71/worst', '35')
@@ -234,6 +236,35 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vid-vcodec-dot')

+    def test_format_selection_by_vcodec_sort(self):
+        formats = [
+            {'format_id': 'av1-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'av1', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'vp9-hdr-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'vp9-sdr-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'vp09.00.50.08', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+            {'format_id': 'h265-format', 'ext': 'mp4', 'vcodec': 'h265', 'acodec': 'none', 'url': TEST_URL},
+        ]
+        info_dict = _make_result(formats)
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['vcodec:vp9.2']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-hdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['vcodec:vp9']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-sdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['+vcodec:vp9.2']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-hdr-format')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'format': 'bestvideo', 'format_sort': ['+vcodec:vp9']})
+        ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict.copy())
+        downloaded = ydl.downloaded_info_dicts[0]
+        self.assertEqual(downloaded['format_id'], 'vp9-sdr-format')
+
    def test_format_selection_string_ops(self):
        formats = [
            {'format_id': 'abc-cba', 'ext': 'mp4', 'url': TEST_URL},
@@ -515,13 +546,37 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(downloaded_ids, ['D', 'C', 'B'])

        ydl = YDL({'format': 'best[height<40]'})
-        try:
+        with contextlib.suppress(ExtractorError):
            ydl.process_ie_result(info_dict)
-        except ExtractorError:
-            pass
        self.assertEqual(ydl.downloaded_info_dicts, [])

-    def test_default_format_spec(self):
+    @patch('yt_dlp.postprocessor.ffmpeg.FFmpegMergerPP.available', False)
+    def test_default_format_spec_without_ffmpeg(self):
+        ydl = YDL({})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'simulate': True})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'simulate': True})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({'outtmpl': '-'})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+        ydl = YDL({})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')
+
+    @patch('yt_dlp.postprocessor.ffmpeg.FFmpegMergerPP.available', True)
+    @patch('yt_dlp.postprocessor.ffmpeg.FFmpegMergerPP.can_merge', lambda _: True)
+    def test_default_format_spec_with_ffmpeg(self):
+        ydl = YDL({})
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')
+
        ydl = YDL({'simulate': True})
        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')

@@ -529,13 +584,13 @@ class TestFormatSelection(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')

        ydl = YDL({'simulate': True})
-        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')

        ydl = YDL({'outtmpl': '-'})
        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')

        ydl = YDL({})
-        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}, download=False), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')
+        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({}), 'bestvideo*+bestaudio/best')
        self.assertEqual(ydl._default_format_spec({'is_live': True}), 'best/bestvideo+bestaudio')


@@ -652,8 +707,8 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
        'formats': [
            {'id': 'id 1', 'height': 1080, 'width': 1920},
            {'id': 'id 2', 'height': 720},
-            {'id': 'id 3'}
-        ]
+            {'id': 'id 3'},
+        ],
    }

    def test_prepare_outtmpl_and_filename(self):
@@ -773,7 +828,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
        test('%(formats)j', (json.dumps(FORMATS), None))
        test('%(formats)#j', (
            json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4),
-            json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4).replace(':', '：').replace('"', "＂").replace('\n', ' ')
+            json.dumps(FORMATS, indent=4).replace(':', '：').replace('"', '＂').replace('\n', ' '),
        ))
        test('%(title5).3B', 'á')
        test('%(title5)U', 'áéí 𝐀')
@@ -843,8 +898,8 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):

        # Empty filename
        test('%(foo|)s-%(bar|)s.%(ext)s', '-.mp4')
-        # test('%(foo|)s.%(ext)s', ('.mp4', '_.mp4'))  # fixme
-        # test('%(foo|)s', ('', '_'))  # fixme
+        # test('%(foo|)s.%(ext)s', ('.mp4', '_.mp4'))  # FIXME: ?
+        # test('%(foo|)s', ('', '_'))  # FIXME: ?

        # Environment variable expansion for prepare_filename
        os.environ['__yt_dlp_var'] = 'expanded'
@@ -861,7 +916,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
        test('Hello %(title1)s', 'Hello $PATH')
        test('Hello %(title2)s', 'Hello %PATH%')
        test('%(title3)s', ('foo/bar\\test', 'foo⧸bar⧹test'))
-        test('folder/%(title3)s', ('folder/foo/bar\\test', 'folder%sfoo⧸bar⧹test' % os.path.sep))
+        test('folder/%(title3)s', ('folder/foo/bar\\test', f'folder{os.path.sep}foo⧸bar⧹test'))

    def test_format_note(self):
        ydl = YoutubeDL()
@@ -883,22 +938,22 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
                    f.write('EXAMPLE')
                return [info['filepath']], info

-        def run_pp(params, PP):
+        def run_pp(params, pp):
            with open(filename, 'w') as f:
                f.write('EXAMPLE')
            ydl = YoutubeDL(params)
-            ydl.add_post_processor(PP())
+            ydl.add_post_processor(pp())
            ydl.post_process(filename, {'filepath': filename})

        run_pp({'keepvideo': True}, SimplePP)
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(filename), '%s doesn\'t exist' % filename)
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(audiofile), '%s doesn\'t exist' % audiofile)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(filename), f'{filename} doesn\'t exist')
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(audiofile), f'{audiofile} doesn\'t exist')
        os.unlink(filename)
        os.unlink(audiofile)

        run_pp({'keepvideo': False}, SimplePP)
-        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(filename), '%s exists' % filename)
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(audiofile), '%s doesn\'t exist' % audiofile)
+        self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(filename), f'{filename} exists')
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(audiofile), f'{audiofile} doesn\'t exist')
        os.unlink(audiofile)

        class ModifierPP(PostProcessor):
@@ -908,7 +963,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
                return [], info

        run_pp({'keepvideo': False}, ModifierPP)
-        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(filename), '%s doesn\'t exist' % filename)
+        self.assertTrue(os.path.exists(filename), f'{filename} doesn\'t exist')
        os.unlink(filename)

    def test_match_filter(self):
@@ -920,7 +975,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
            'duration': 30,
            'filesize': 10 * 1024,
            'playlist_id': '42',
-            'uploader': "變態妍字幕版 太妍 тест",
+            'uploader': '變態妍字幕版 太妍 тест',
            'creator': "тест ' 123 ' тест--",
            'webpage_url': 'http://example.com/watch?v=shenanigans',
        }
@@ -933,7 +988,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
            'description': 'foo',
            'filesize': 5 * 1024,
            'playlist_id': '43',
-            'uploader': "тест 123",
+            'uploader': 'тест 123',
            'webpage_url': 'http://example.com/watch?v=SHENANIGANS',
        }
        videos = [first, second]
@@ -1180,7 +1235,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
                    })
                return {
                    'id': video_id,
-                    'title': 'Video %s' % video_id,
+                    'title': f'Video {video_id}',
                    'formats': formats,
                }

@@ -1194,8 +1249,8 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
                        '_type': 'url_transparent',
                        'ie_key': VideoIE.ie_key(),
                        'id': video_id,
-                        'url': 'video:%s' % video_id,
-                        'title': 'Video Transparent %s' % video_id,
+                        'url': f'video:{video_id}',
+                        'title': f'Video Transparent {video_id}',
                    }

            def _real_extract(self, url):
--- a/test/test_aes.py
+++ b/test/test_aes.py
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
        encrypted = base64.b64encode(
            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
-            + b'\x17\x15\x93\xab\x8d\x80V\xcdV\xe0\t\xcdo\xc2\xa5\xd8ksM\r\xe27N\xae'
+            + b'\x17\x15\x93\xab\x8d\x80V\xcdV\xe0\t\xcdo\xc2\xa5\xd8ksM\r\xe27N\xae',
        ).decode()
        decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 16))
        self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
        password = intlist_to_bytes(self.key).decode()
        encrypted = base64.b64encode(
            intlist_to_bytes(self.iv[:8])
-            + b'\x0b\xe6\xa4\xd9z\x0e\xb8\xb9\xd0\xd4i_\x85\x1d\x99\x98_\xe5\x80\xe7.\xbf\xa5\x83'
+            + b'\x0b\xe6\xa4\xd9z\x0e\xb8\xb9\xd0\xd4i_\x85\x1d\x99\x98_\xe5\x80\xe7.\xbf\xa5\x83',
        ).decode()
        decrypted = (aes_decrypt_text(encrypted, password, 32))
        self.assertEqual(decrypted, self.secret_msg)
@@ -132,16 +132,16 @@ class TestAES(unittest.TestCase):
        block = [0x21, 0xA0, 0x43, 0xFF]

        self.assertEqual(pad_block(block, 'pkcs7'),
-                         block + [0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C])
+                         [*block, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C, 0x0C])

        self.assertEqual(pad_block(block, 'iso7816'),
-                         block + [0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
+                         [*block, 0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])

        self.assertEqual(pad_block(block, 'whitespace'),
-                         block + [0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20])
+                         [*block, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20])

        self.assertEqual(pad_block(block, 'zero'),
-                         block + [0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])
+                         [*block, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00])

        block = list(range(16))
        for mode in ('pkcs7', 'iso7816', 'whitespace', 'zero'):
--- a/test/test_compat.py
+++ b/test/test_compat.py
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ from yt_dlp.compat import urllib  # isort: split
 from yt_dlp.compat import (
    compat_etree_fromstring,
    compat_expanduser,
-    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,
-    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,
+    compat_urllib_parse_unquote,  # noqa: TID251
+    compat_urllib_parse_urlencode,  # noqa: TID251
 )
 from yt_dlp.compat.urllib.request import getproxies

@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ from yt_dlp.compat.urllib.request import getproxies
 class TestCompat(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_compat_passthrough(self):
        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            compat.compat_basestring
+            _ = compat.compat_basestring

        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            compat.WINDOWS_VT_MODE
+            _ = compat.WINDOWS_VT_MODE

        self.assertEqual(urllib.request.getproxies, getproxies)

        with self.assertWarns(DeprecationWarning):
-            compat.compat_pycrypto_AES  # Must not raise error
+            _ = compat.compat_pycrypto_AES  # Must not raise error

    def test_compat_expanduser(self):
        old_home = os.environ.get('HOME')
--- a/test/test_config.py
+++ b/test/test_config.py
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ def _generate_expected_groups():
            Path('/etc/yt-dlp.conf'),
            Path('/etc/yt-dlp/config'),
            Path('/etc/yt-dlp/config.txt'),
-        ]
+        ],
    }


--- a/test/test_cookies.py
+++ b/test/test_cookies.py
@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'GNOME'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'GNOME:GNOME-Classic'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'GNOME : GNOME-Classic'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
+            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'ubuntu:GNOME'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),

            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'Unity', 'DESKTOP_SESSION': 'gnome-fallback'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME),
            ({'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP': 'KDE', 'KDE_SESSION_VERSION': '5'}, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE5),
@@ -106,7 +107,7 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_chrome_cookie_decryptor_windows_v10(self):
        with MonkeyPatch(cookies, {
-            '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'Y\xef\xad\xad\xeerp\xf0Y\xe6\x9b\x12\xc2<z\x16]\n\xbb\xb8\xcb\xd7\x9bA\xc3\x14e\x99{\xd6\xf4&'
+            '_get_windows_v10_key': lambda *args, **kwargs: b'Y\xef\xad\xad\xeerp\xf0Y\xe6\x9b\x12\xc2<z\x16]\n\xbb\xb8\xcb\xd7\x9bA\xc3\x14e\x99{\xd6\xf4&',
        }):
            encrypted_value = b'v10T\xb8\xf3\xb8\x01\xa7TtcV\xfc\x88\xb8\xb8\xef\x05\xb5\xfd\x18\xc90\x009\xab\xb1\x893\x85)\x87\xe1\xa9-\xa3\xad='
            value = '32101439'
@@ -121,17 +122,17 @@ class TestCookies(unittest.TestCase):
            self.assertEqual(decryptor.decrypt(encrypted_value), value)

    def test_safari_cookie_parsing(self):
-        cookies = \
-            b'cook\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00i\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00Y' \
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x008\x00\x00\x00B\x00\x00\x00F\x00\x00\x00H' \
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x03\xa5>\xc3A\x00\x00\x80\xc3\x07:\xc3A' \
-            b'localhost\x00foo\x00/\x00test%20%3Bcookie\x00\x00\x00\x054\x07\x17 \x05\x00\x00\x00Kbplist00\xd1\x01' \
-            b'\x02_\x10\x18NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy\x10\x02\x08\x0b&\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00' \
-            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00('
+        cookies = (
+            b'cook\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00i\x00\x00\x01\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x10\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00Y'
+            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00 \x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x008\x00\x00\x00B\x00\x00\x00F\x00\x00\x00H'
+            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x80\x03\xa5>\xc3A\x00\x00\x80\xc3\x07:\xc3A'
+            b'localhost\x00foo\x00/\x00test%20%3Bcookie\x00\x00\x00\x054\x07\x17 \x05\x00\x00\x00Kbplist00\xd1\x01'
+            b'\x02_\x10\x18NSHTTPCookieAcceptPolicy\x10\x02\x08\x0b&\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00'
+            b'\x00\x00\x00\x00\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00(')

        jar = parse_safari_cookies(cookies)
        self.assertEqual(len(jar), 1)
-        cookie = list(jar)[0]
+        cookie = next(iter(jar))
        self.assertEqual(cookie.domain, 'localhost')
        self.assertEqual(cookie.port, None)
        self.assertEqual(cookie.path, '/')
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ class TestLenientSimpleCookie(unittest.TestCase):
                    attributes = {
                        key: value
                        for key, value in dict(morsel).items()
-                        if value != ""
+                        if value != ''
                    }
                    self.assertEqual(attributes, expected_attributes, message)

@@ -174,133 +175,133 @@ class TestLenientSimpleCookie(unittest.TestCase):
        self._run_tests(
            # Copied from https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/v3.10.7/Lib/test/test_http_cookies.py
            (
-                "Test basic cookie",
-                "chips=ahoy; vienna=finger",
-                {"chips": "ahoy", "vienna": "finger"},
+                'Test basic cookie',
+                'chips=ahoy; vienna=finger',
+                {'chips': 'ahoy', 'vienna': 'finger'},
            ),
            (
-                "Test quoted cookie",
+                'Test quoted cookie',
                'keebler="E=mc2; L=\\"Loves\\"; fudge=\\012;"',
-                {"keebler": 'E=mc2; L="Loves"; fudge=\012;'},
+                {'keebler': 'E=mc2; L="Loves"; fudge=\012;'},
            ),
            (
                "Allow '=' in an unquoted value",
-                "keebler=E=mc2",
-                {"keebler": "E=mc2"},
+                'keebler=E=mc2',
+                {'keebler': 'E=mc2'},
            ),
            (
                "Allow cookies with ':' in their name",
-                "key:term=value:term",
-                {"key:term": "value:term"},
+                'key:term=value:term',
+                {'key:term': 'value:term'},
            ),
            (
                "Allow '[' and ']' in cookie values",
-                "a=b; c=[; d=r; f=h",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "[", "d": "r", "f": "h"},
+                'a=b; c=[; d=r; f=h',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': '[', 'd': 'r', 'f': 'h'},
            ),
            (
-                "Test basic cookie attributes",
+                'Test basic cookie attributes',
                'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Version=1; Path=/acme',
-                {"Customer": ("WILE_E_COYOTE", {"version": "1", "path": "/acme"})},
+                {'Customer': ('WILE_E_COYOTE', {'version': '1', 'path': '/acme'})},
            ),
            (
-                "Test flag only cookie attributes",
+                'Test flag only cookie attributes',
                'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; HttpOnly; Secure',
-                {"Customer": ("WILE_E_COYOTE", {"httponly": True, "secure": True})},
+                {'Customer': ('WILE_E_COYOTE', {'httponly': True, 'secure': True})},
            ),
            (
-                "Test flag only attribute with values",
-                "eggs=scrambled; httponly=foo; secure=bar; Path=/bacon",
-                {"eggs": ("scrambled", {"httponly": "foo", "secure": "bar", "path": "/bacon"})},
+                'Test flag only attribute with values',
+                'eggs=scrambled; httponly=foo; secure=bar; Path=/bacon',
+                {'eggs': ('scrambled', {'httponly': 'foo', 'secure': 'bar', 'path': '/bacon'})},
            ),
            (
                "Test special case for 'expires' attribute, 4 digit year",
                'Customer="W"; expires=Wed, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT',
-                {"Customer": ("W", {"expires": "Wed, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT"})},
+                {'Customer': ('W', {'expires': 'Wed, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT'})},
            ),
            (
                "Test special case for 'expires' attribute, 2 digit year",
                'Customer="W"; expires=Wed, 01 Jan 98 00:00:00 GMT',
-                {"Customer": ("W", {"expires": "Wed, 01 Jan 98 00:00:00 GMT"})},
+                {'Customer': ('W', {'expires': 'Wed, 01 Jan 98 00:00:00 GMT'})},
            ),
            (
-                "Test extra spaces in keys and values",
-                "eggs  =  scrambled  ;  secure  ;  path  =  bar   ; foo=foo   ",
-                {"eggs": ("scrambled", {"secure": True, "path": "bar"}), "foo": "foo"},
+                'Test extra spaces in keys and values',
+                'eggs  =  scrambled  ;  secure  ;  path  =  bar   ; foo=foo   ',
+                {'eggs': ('scrambled', {'secure': True, 'path': 'bar'}), 'foo': 'foo'},
            ),
            (
-                "Test quoted attributes",
+                'Test quoted attributes',
                'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; Version="1"; Path="/acme"',
-                {"Customer": ("WILE_E_COYOTE", {"version": "1", "path": "/acme"})}
+                {'Customer': ('WILE_E_COYOTE', {'version': '1', 'path': '/acme'})},
            ),
            # Our own tests that CPython passes
            (
                "Allow ';' in quoted value",
                'chips="a;hoy"; vienna=finger',
-                {"chips": "a;hoy", "vienna": "finger"},
+                {'chips': 'a;hoy', 'vienna': 'finger'},
            ),
            (
-                "Keep only the last set value",
-                "a=c; a=b",
-                {"a": "b"},
+                'Keep only the last set value',
+                'a=c; a=b',
+                {'a': 'b'},
            ),
        )

    def test_lenient_parsing(self):
        self._run_tests(
            (
-                "Ignore and try to skip invalid cookies",
+                'Ignore and try to skip invalid cookies',
                'chips={"ahoy;": 1}; vienna="finger;"',
-                {"vienna": "finger;"},
+                {'vienna': 'finger;'},
            ),
            (
-                "Ignore cookies without a name",
-                "a=b; unnamed; c=d",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                'Ignore cookies without a name',
+                'a=b; unnamed; c=d',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
                "Ignore '\"' cookie without name",
                'a=b; "; c=d',
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Skip all space separated values",
-                "x a=b c=d x; e=f",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d", "e": "f"},
+                'Skip all space separated values',
+                'x a=b c=d x; e=f',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd', 'e': 'f'},
            ),
            (
-                "Skip all space separated values",
+                'Skip all space separated values',
                'x a=b; data={"complex": "json", "with": "key=value"}; x c=d x',
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Expect quote mending",
+                'Expect quote mending',
                'a=b; invalid="; c=d',
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Reset morsel after invalid to not capture attributes",
-                "a=b; invalid; Version=1; c=d",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                'Reset morsel after invalid to not capture attributes',
+                'a=b; invalid; Version=1; c=d',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Reset morsel after invalid to not capture attributes",
-                "a=b; $invalid; $Version=1; c=d",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                'Reset morsel after invalid to not capture attributes',
+                'a=b; $invalid; $Version=1; c=d',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Continue after non-flag attribute without value",
-                "a=b; path; Version=1; c=d",
-                {"a": "b", "c": "d"},
+                'Continue after non-flag attribute without value',
+                'a=b; path; Version=1; c=d',
+                {'a': 'b', 'c': 'd'},
            ),
            (
-                "Allow cookie attributes with `$` prefix",
+                'Allow cookie attributes with `$` prefix',
                'Customer="WILE_E_COYOTE"; $Version=1; $Secure; $Path=/acme',
-                {"Customer": ("WILE_E_COYOTE", {"version": "1", "secure": True, "path": "/acme"})},
+                {'Customer': ('WILE_E_COYOTE', {'version': '1', 'secure': True, 'path': '/acme'})},
            ),
            (
-                "Invalid Morsel keys should not result in an error",
-                "Key=Value; [Invalid]=Value; Another=Value",
-                {"Key": "Value", "Another": "Value"},
+                'Invalid Morsel keys should not result in an error',
+                'Key=Value; [Invalid]=Value; Another=Value',
+                {'Key': 'Value', 'Another': 'Value'},
            ),
        )
--- a/test/test_download.py
+++ b/test/test_download.py
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ from test.helper import (
    gettestcases,
    getwebpagetestcases,
    is_download_test,
-    report_warning,
    try_rm,
 )

@@ -94,7 +93,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
            'playlist', [] if is_playlist else [test_case])

        def print_skipping(reason):
-            print('Skipping %s: %s' % (test_case['name'], reason))
+            print('Skipping {}: {}'.format(test_case['name'], reason))
            self.skipTest(reason)

        if not ie.working():
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):

        for other_ie in other_ies:
            if not other_ie.working():
-                print_skipping('test depends on %sIE, marked as not WORKING' % other_ie.ie_key())
+                print_skipping(f'test depends on {other_ie.ie_key()}IE, marked as not WORKING')

        params = get_params(test_case.get('params', {}))
        params['outtmpl'] = tname + '_' + params['outtmpl']
@@ -148,10 +147,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
                return False
            if err.__class__.__name__ == expected_exception:
                return True
-            for exc in err.exc_info:
-                if exc.__class__.__name__ == expected_exception:
-                    return True
-            return False
+            return any(exc.__class__.__name__ == expected_exception for exc in err.exc_info)

        def try_rm_tcs_files(tcs=None):
            if tcs is None:
@@ -181,8 +177,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
                        raise

                    if try_num == RETRIES:
-                        report_warning('%s failed due to network errors, skipping...' % tname)
-                        return
+                        raise

                    print(f'Retrying: {try_num} failed tries\n\n##########\n\n')

@@ -244,9 +239,8 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
                        got_fsize = os.path.getsize(tc_filename)
                        assertGreaterEqual(
                            self, got_fsize, expected_minsize,
-                            'Expected %s to be at least %s, but it\'s only %s ' %
-                            (tc_filename, format_bytes(expected_minsize),
-                                format_bytes(got_fsize)))
+                            f'Expected {tc_filename} to be at least {format_bytes(expected_minsize)}, '
+                            f'but it\'s only {format_bytes(got_fsize)} ')
                    if 'md5' in tc:
                        md5_for_file = _file_md5(tc_filename)
                        self.assertEqual(tc['md5'], md5_for_file)
@@ -255,7 +249,7 @@ def generator(test_case, tname):
                info_json_fn = os.path.splitext(tc_filename)[0] + '.info.json'
                self.assertTrue(
                    os.path.exists(info_json_fn),
-                    'Missing info file %s' % info_json_fn)
+                    f'Missing info file {info_json_fn}')
                with open(info_json_fn, encoding='utf-8') as infof:
                    info_dict = json.load(infof)
                expect_info_dict(self, info_dict, tc.get('info_dict', {}))
--- a/test/test_downloader_http.py
+++ b/test/test_downloader_http.py
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
                end = int(mobj.group(2))
        valid_range = start is not None and end is not None
        if valid_range:
-            content_range = 'bytes %d-%d' % (start, end)
+            content_range = f'bytes {start}-{end}'
            if total:
-                content_range += '/%d' % total
+                content_range += f'/{total}'
            self.send_header('Content-Range', content_range)
        return (end - start + 1) if valid_range else total

@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ class TestHttpFD(unittest.TestCase):
        filename = 'testfile.mp4'
        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
        self.assertTrue(downloader.real_download(filename, {
-            'url': 'http://127.0.0.1:%d/%s' % (self.port, ep),
+            'url': f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.port}/{ep}',
        }), ep)
        self.assertEqual(os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(filename)), TEST_SIZE, ep)
        try_rm(encodeFilename(filename))
--- a/test/test_http_proxy.py
+++ b/test/test_http_proxy.py
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ if urllib3:
                self.incoming,
                self.outgoing,
                server_hostname=server_hostname,
-                server_side=server_side
+                server_side=server_side,
            )
            self._ssl_io_loop(self.sslobj.do_handshake)

@@ -333,7 +333,7 @@ class TestHTTPConnectProxy:

    @pytest.mark.skip_handler(
        'Requests',
-        'bug in urllib3 causes unclosed socket: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3374'
+        'bug in urllib3 causes unclosed socket: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3374',
    )
    def test_http_connect_bad_auth(self, handler, ctx):
        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
--- a/test/test_iqiyi_sdk_interpreter.py
+++ b/test/test_iqiyi_sdk_interpreter.py
@@ -29,11 +29,11 @@ class WarningLogger:
@is_download_test
 class TestIqiyiSDKInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_iqiyi_sdk_interpreter(self):
-        '''
+        """
        Test the functionality of IqiyiSDKInterpreter by trying to log in

        If `sign` is incorrect, /validate call throws an HTTP 556 error
-        '''
+        """
        logger = WarningLogger()
        ie = IqiyiIE(FakeYDL({'logger': logger}))
        ie._perform_login('foo', 'bar')
--- a/test/test_jsinterp.py
+++ b/test/test_jsinterp.py
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ class TestJSInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
        self._test('function f(){return 0 && 1 || 2;}', 2)
        self._test('function f(){return 0 ?? 42;}', 0)
        self._test('function f(){return "life, the universe and everything" < 42;}', False)
+        self._test('function f(){return 0  - 7 * - 6;}', 42)

    def test_array_access(self):
        self._test('function f(){var x = [1,2,3]; x[0] = 4; x[0] = 5; x[2.0] = 7; return x;}', [5, 2, 7])
@@ -375,6 +376,61 @@ class TestJSInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
        jsi = JSInterpreter('''function f(p,a,c,k,e,d){while(c--)if(k[c])p=p.replace(new RegExp('\\b'+c.toString(a)+'\\b','g'),k[c]);return p}''')
        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f', '''h 7=g("1j");7.7h({7g:[{33:"w://7f-7e-7d-7c.v.7b/7a/79/78/77/76.74?t=73&s=2s&e=72&f=2t&71=70.0.0.1&6z=6y&6x=6w"}],6v:"w://32.v.u/6u.31",16:"r%",15:"r%",6t:"6s",6r:"",6q:"l",6p:"l",6o:"6n",6m:\'6l\',6k:"6j",9:[{33:"/2u?b=6i&n=50&6h=w://32.v.u/6g.31",6f:"6e"}],1y:{6d:1,6c:\'#6b\',6a:\'#69\',68:"67",66:30,65:r,},"64":{63:"%62 2m%m%61%5z%5y%5x.u%5w%5v%5u.2y%22 2k%m%1o%22 5t%m%1o%22 5s%m%1o%22 2j%m%5r%22 16%m%5q%22 15%m%5p%22 5o%2z%5n%5m%2z",5l:"w://v.u/d/1k/5k.2y",5j:[]},\'5i\':{"5h":"5g"},5f:"5e",5d:"w://v.u",5c:{},5b:l,1x:[0.25,0.50,0.75,1,1.25,1.5,2]});h 1m,1n,5a;h 59=0,58=0;h 7=g("1j");h 2x=0,57=0,56=0;$.55({54:{\'53-52\':\'2i-51\'}});7.j(\'4z\',6(x){c(5>0&&x.1l>=5&&1n!=1){1n=1;$(\'q.4y\').4x(\'4w\')}});7.j(\'13\',6(x){2x=x.1l});7.j(\'2g\',6(x){2w(x)});7.j(\'4v\',6(){$(\'q.2v\').4u()});6 2w(x){$(\'q.2v\').4t();c(1m)19;1m=1;17=0;c(4s.4r===l){17=1}$.4q(\'/2u?b=4p&2l=1k&4o=2t-4n-4m-2s-4l&4k=&4j=&4i=&17=\'+17,6(2r){$(\'#4h\').4g(2r)});$(\'.3-8-4f-4e:4d("4c")\').2h(6(e){2q();g().4b(0);g().4a(l)});6 2q(){h $14=$("<q />").2p({1l:"49",16:"r%",15:"r%",48:0,2n:0,2o:47,46:"45(10%, 10%, 10%, 0.4)","44-43":"42"});$("<41 />").2p({16:"60%",15:"60%",2o:40,"3z-2n":"3y"}).3x({\'2m\':\'/?b=3w&2l=1k\',\'2k\':\'0\',\'2j\':\'2i\'}).2f($14);$14.2h(6(){$(3v).3u();g().2g()});$14.2f($(\'#1j\'))}g().13(0);}6 3t(){h 9=7.1b(2e);2d.2c(9);c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==2e){2d.2c(\'!!=\'+i);7.1p(i)}}}}7.j(\'3s\',6(){g().1h("/2a/3r.29","3q 10 28",6(){g().13(g().27()+10)},"2b");$("q[26=2b]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');g().1h("/2a/3p.29","3o 10 28",6(){h 12=g().27()-10;c(12<0)12=0;g().13(12)},"24");$("q[26=24]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');});6 1i(){}7.j(\'3n\',6(){1i()});7.j(\'3m\',6(){1i()});7.j("k",6(y){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n<2)19;$(\'.3-8-3l-3k\').3j(6(){$(\'#3-8-a-k\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\')});7.1h("/3i/3h.3g","3f 3e",6(){$(\'.3-1w\').3d(\'3-8-1v\');$(\'.3-8-1y, .3-8-1x\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');c($(\'.3-1w\').3c(\'3-8-1v\')){$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'l\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'l\');$(\'.3-8-a\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').3b(\'3-8-a-z\')}3a{$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\')}},"39");7.j("38",6(y){1d.37(\'1c\',y.9[y.36].1a)});c(1d.1t(\'1c\')){35("1s(1d.1t(\'1c\'));",34)}});h 18;6 1s(1q){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==1q){c(i==18){19}18=i;7.1p(i)}}}}',36,270,'|||jw|||function|player|settings|tracks|submenu||if||||jwplayer|var||on|audioTracks|true|3D|length|aria|attr|div|100|||sx|filemoon|https||event|active||false|tt|seek|dd|height|width|adb|current_audio|return|name|getAudioTracks|default_audio|localStorage|removeClass|expanded|checked|addButton|callMeMaybe|vplayer|0fxcyc2ajhp1|position|vvplay|vvad|220|setCurrentAudioTrack|audio_name|for|audio_set|getItem|last|open|controls|playbackRates|captions|rewind|icon|insertAfter||detach|ff00||button|getPosition|sec|png|player8|ff11|log|console|track_name|appendTo|play|click|no|scrolling|frameborder|file_code|src|top|zIndex|css|showCCform|data|1662367683|383371|dl|video_ad|doPlay|prevt|mp4|3E||jpg|thumbs|file|300|setTimeout|currentTrack|setItem|audioTrackChanged|dualSound|else|addClass|hasClass|toggleClass|Track|Audio|svg|dualy|images|mousedown|buttons|topbar|playAttemptFailed|beforePlay|Rewind|fr|Forward|ff|ready|set_audio_track|remove|this|upload_srt|prop|50px|margin|1000001|iframe|center|align|text|rgba|background|1000000|left|absolute|pause|setCurrentCaptions|Upload|contains|item|content|html|fviews|referer|prem|embed|3e57249ef633e0d03bf76ceb8d8a4b65|216|83|hash|view|get|TokenZir|window|hide|show|complete|slow|fadeIn|video_ad_fadein|time||cache|Cache|Content|headers|ajaxSetup|v2done|tott|vastdone2|vastdone1|vvbefore|playbackRateControls|cast|aboutlink|FileMoon|abouttext|UHD|1870|qualityLabels|sites|GNOME_POWER|link|2Fiframe|3C|allowfullscreen|22360|22640|22no|marginheight|marginwidth|2FGNOME_POWER|2F0fxcyc2ajhp1|2Fe|2Ffilemoon|2F|3A||22https|3Ciframe|code|sharing|fontOpacity|backgroundOpacity|Tahoma|fontFamily|303030|backgroundColor|FFFFFF|color|userFontScale|thumbnails|kind|0fxcyc2ajhp10000|url|get_slides|start|startparam|none|preload|html5|primary|hlshtml|androidhls|duration|uniform|stretching|0fxcyc2ajhp1_xt|image|2048|sp|6871|asn|127|srv|43200|_g3XlBcu2lmD9oDexD2NLWSmah2Nu3XcDrl93m9PwXY|m3u8||master|0fxcyc2ajhp1_x|00076|01|hls2|to|s01|delivery|storage|moon|sources|setup'''.split('|')))

+    def test_join(self):
+        test_input = list('test')
+        tests = [
+            'function f(a, b){return a.join(b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){return Array.prototype.join.call(a, b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){return Array.prototype.join.apply(a, [b])}',
+        ]
+        for test in tests:
+            jsi = JSInterpreter(test)
+            self._test(jsi, 'test', args=[test_input, ''])
+            self._test(jsi, 't-e-s-t', args=[test_input, '-'])
+            self._test(jsi, '', args=[[], '-'])
+
+    def test_split(self):
+        test_result = list('test')
+        tests = [
+            'function f(a, b){return a.split(b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){return String.prototype.split.call(a, b)}',
+            'function f(a, b){return String.prototype.split.apply(a, [b])}',
+        ]
+        for test in tests:
+            jsi = JSInterpreter(test)
+            self._test(jsi, test_result, args=['test', ''])
+            self._test(jsi, test_result, args=['t-e-s-t', '-'])
+            self._test(jsi, [''], args=['', '-'])
+            self._test(jsi, [], args=['', ''])
+
+    def test_slice(self):
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice()}', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(0)}', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(5)}', [5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(99)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-2)}', [7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-99)}', [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(0, 0)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(1, 0)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(0, 1)}', [0])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(3, 6)}', [3, 4, 5])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(1, -1)}', [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-1, 1)}', [])
+        self._test('function f(){return [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8].slice(-3, -1)}', [6, 7])
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice()}', '012345678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(0)}', '012345678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(5)}', '5678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(99)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-2)}', '78')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-99)}', '012345678')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(0, 0)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(1, 0)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(0, 1)}', '0')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(3, 6)}', '345')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(1, -1)}', '1234567')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-1, 1)}', '')
+        self._test('function f(){return "012345678".slice(-3, -1)}', '67')
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_netrc.py
+++ b/test/test_netrc.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class TestNetRc(unittest.TestCase):
                continue
            self.assertTrue(
                ie._NETRC_MACHINE,
-                'Extractor %s supports login, but is missing a _NETRC_MACHINE property' % ie.IE_NAME)
+                f'Extractor {ie.IE_NAME} supports login, but is missing a _NETRC_MACHINE property')


 if __name__ == '__main__':
--- a/test/test_networking.py
+++ b/test/test_networking.py
@@ -265,6 +265,11 @@ class HTTPTestRequestHandler(http.server.BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
            self.end_headers()
            self.wfile.write(payload)
            self.finish()
+        elif self.path == '/get_cookie':
+            self.send_response(200)
+            self.send_header('Set-Cookie', 'test=ytdlp; path=/')
+            self.end_headers()
+            self.finish()
        else:
            self._status(404)

@@ -338,6 +343,52 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers'))
            assert not issubclass(exc_info.type, CertificateVerifyError)

+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'legacy_ssl ignored by CurlCFFI')
+    def test_legacy_ssl_extension(self, handler):
+        # HTTPS server with old ciphers
+        # XXX: is there a better way to test this than to create a new server?
+        https_httpd = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            ('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
+        sslctx.set_ciphers('SHA1:AESCCM:aDSS:eNULL:aNULL')
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem'), None)
+        https_httpd.socket = sslctx.wrap_socket(https_httpd.socket, server_side=True)
+        https_port = http_server_port(https_httpd)
+        https_server_thread = threading.Thread(target=https_httpd.serve_forever)
+        https_server_thread.daemon = True
+        https_server_thread.start()
+
+        with handler(verify=False) as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers', extensions={'legacy_ssl': True}))
+            assert res.status == 200
+            res.close()
+
+            # Ensure only applies to request extension
+            with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers'))
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('CurlCFFI', 'legacy_ssl ignored by CurlCFFI')
+    def test_legacy_ssl_support(self, handler):
+        # HTTPS server with old ciphers
+        # XXX: is there a better way to test this than to create a new server?
+        https_httpd = http.server.ThreadingHTTPServer(
+            ('127.0.0.1', 0), HTTPTestRequestHandler)
+        sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+        sslctx.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
+        sslctx.set_ciphers('SHA1:AESCCM:aDSS:eNULL:aNULL')
+        sslctx.load_cert_chain(os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem'), None)
+        https_httpd.socket = sslctx.wrap_socket(https_httpd.socket, server_side=True)
+        https_port = http_server_port(https_httpd)
+        https_server_thread = threading.Thread(target=https_httpd.serve_forever)
+        https_server_thread.daemon = True
+        https_server_thread.start()
+
+        with handler(verify=False, legacy_ssl_support=True) as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{https_port}/headers'))
+            assert res.status == 200
+            res.close()
+
    def test_percent_encode(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            # Unicode characters should be encoded with uppercase percent-encoding
@@ -375,10 +426,10 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
        with handler() as rh:
            for bad_status in (400, 500, 599, 302):
                with pytest.raises(HTTPError):
-                    validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/gen_%d' % (self.http_port, bad_status)))
+                    validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/gen_{bad_status}'))

            # Should not raise an error
-            validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/gen_200' % self.http_port)).close()
+            validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/gen_200')).close()

    def test_response_url(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
@@ -472,7 +523,7 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
    def test_incompleteread(self, handler):
        with handler(timeout=2) as rh:
            with pytest.raises(IncompleteRead, match='13 bytes read, 234221 more expected'):
-                validate_and_send(rh, Request('http://127.0.0.1:%d/incompleteread' % self.http_port)).read()
+                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/incompleteread')).read()

    def test_cookies(self, handler):
        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
@@ -490,6 +541,24 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', extensions={'cookiejar': cookiejar})).read()
            assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' in data.lower()

+    def test_cookie_sync_only_cookiejar(self, handler):
+        # Ensure that cookies are ONLY being handled by the cookiejar
+        with handler() as rh:
+            validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/get_cookie', extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()})).read()
+            assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' not in data.lower()
+
+    def test_cookie_sync_delete_cookie(self, handler):
+        # Ensure that cookies are ONLY being handled by the cookiejar
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        with handler(cookiejar=cookiejar) as rh:
+            validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/get_cookie'))
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers')).read()
+            assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' in data.lower()
+            cookiejar.clear_session_cookies()
+            data = validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers')).read()
+            assert b'cookie: test=ytdlp' not in data.lower()
+
    def test_headers(self, handler):

        with handler(headers=HTTPHeaderDict({'test1': 'test', 'test2': 'test2'})) as rh:
@@ -740,7 +809,7 @@ class TestRequestHandlerMisc:
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('handler,logger_name', [
        ('Requests', 'urllib3'),
        ('Websockets', 'websockets.client'),
-        ('Websockets', 'websockets.server')
+        ('Websockets', 'websockets.server'),
    ], indirect=['handler'])
    def test_remove_logging_handler(self, handler, logger_name):
        # Ensure any logging handlers, which may contain a YoutubeDL instance,
@@ -753,6 +822,24 @@ class TestRequestHandlerMisc:
        rh.close()
        assert len(logging_handlers) == before_count

+    def test_wrap_request_errors(self):
+        class TestRequestHandler(RequestHandler):
+            def _validate(self, request):
+                if request.headers.get('x-fail'):
+                    raise UnsupportedRequest('test error')
+
+            def _send(self, request: Request):
+                raise RequestError('test error')
+
+        with TestRequestHandler(logger=FakeLogger()) as rh:
+            with pytest.raises(UnsupportedRequest, match='test error') as exc_info:
+                rh.validate(Request('http://example.com', headers={'x-fail': '1'}))
+            assert exc_info.value.handler is rh
+
+            with pytest.raises(RequestError, match='test error') as exc_info:
+                rh.send(Request('http://example.com'))
+            assert exc_info.value.handler is rh
+

@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib'], indirect=True)
 class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
@@ -794,7 +881,7 @@ class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
        with handler() as rh:
            with pytest.raises(
                CertificateVerifyError,
-                match=r'\[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\] certificate verify failed: self.signed certificate'
+                match=r'\[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED\] certificate verify failed: self.signed certificate',
            ):
                validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'https://127.0.0.1:{self.https_port}/headers'))

@@ -804,14 +891,14 @@ class TestUrllibRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
        (
            Request('http://127.0.0.1', method='GET\n'),
            'method can\'t contain control characters',
-            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 9) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 5)
+            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 9) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 5),
        ),
        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1265
        # bpo-38576: Check implemented in 3.7.8+, 3.8.3+
        (
            Request('http://127.0.0. 1', method='GET'),
            'URL can\'t contain control characters',
-            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 8) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 3)
+            lambda v: v < (3, 7, 8) or (3, 8, 0) <= v < (3, 8, 3),
        ),
        # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/987b712b4aeeece336eed24fcc87a950a756c3e2/Lib/http/client.py#L1288C31-L1288C50
        (Request('http://127.0.0.1', headers={'foo\n': 'bar'}), 'Invalid header name', None),
@@ -840,7 +927,7 @@ class TestRequestsRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
        (lambda: requests.exceptions.InvalidHeader(), RequestError),
        # catch-all: https://github.com/psf/requests/blob/main/src/requests/adapters.py#L535
        (lambda: urllib3.exceptions.HTTPError(), TransportError),
-        (lambda: requests.exceptions.RequestException(), RequestError)
+        (lambda: requests.exceptions.RequestException(), RequestError),
        #  (lambda: requests.exceptions.TooManyRedirects(), HTTPError) - Needs a response object
    ])
    def test_request_error_mapping(self, handler, monkeypatch, raised, expected):
@@ -868,12 +955,12 @@ class TestRequestsRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
        (
            lambda: urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError('error', http.client.IncompleteRead(partial=b'abc', expected=4)),
            IncompleteRead,
-            '3 bytes read, 4 more expected'
+            '3 bytes read, 4 more expected',
        ),
        (
            lambda: urllib3.exceptions.ProtocolError('error', urllib3.exceptions.IncompleteRead(partial=3, expected=5)),
            IncompleteRead,
-            '3 bytes read, 5 more expected'
+            '3 bytes read, 5 more expected',
        ),
    ])
    def test_response_error_mapping(self, handler, monkeypatch, raised, expected, match):
@@ -914,7 +1001,6 @@ class TestRequestsRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
 class TestCurlCFFIRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('params,extensions', [
-        ({}, {'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome')}),
        ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '110')}, {}),
        ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '99')}, {'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', '110')}),
    ])
@@ -1125,7 +1211,7 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ('https', False, {}),
        ]),
        (NoCheckRH, [('http', False, {})]),
-        (ValidationRH, [('http', UnsupportedRequest, {})])
+        (ValidationRH, [('http', UnsupportedRequest, {})]),
    ]

    PROXY_SCHEME_TESTS = [
@@ -1200,6 +1286,9 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ({'timeout': 1}, False),
            ({'timeout': 'notatimeout'}, AssertionError),
            ({'unsupported': 'value'}, UnsupportedRequest),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
        ]),
        ('Requests', 'http', [
            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
@@ -1207,6 +1296,9 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ({'timeout': 1}, False),
            ({'timeout': 'notatimeout'}, AssertionError),
            ({'unsupported': 'value'}, UnsupportedRequest),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
        ]),
        ('CurlCFFI', 'http', [
            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
@@ -1219,7 +1311,10 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('chrome', None, None, None)}, False),
            ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget(None, None, None, None)}, False),
            ({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget()}, False),
-            ({'impersonate': 'chrome'}, AssertionError)
+            ({'impersonate': 'chrome'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
        ]),
        (NoCheckRH, 'http', [
            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, False),
@@ -1228,6 +1323,9 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
        ('Websockets', 'ws', [
            ({'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}, False),
            ({'timeout': 2}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
+            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
        ]),
    ]

@@ -1235,7 +1333,7 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
        ('Urllib', False, 'http'),
        ('Requests', False, 'http'),
        ('CurlCFFI', False, 'http'),
-        ('Websockets', False, 'ws')
+        ('Websockets', False, 'ws'),
    ], indirect=['handler'])
    def test_no_proxy(self, handler, fail, scheme):
        run_validation(handler, fail, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={'no': '127.0.0.1,github.com'}))
@@ -1246,7 +1344,7 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http'),
        ('Requests', 'http'),
        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
-        ('Websockets', 'ws')
+        ('Websockets', 'ws'),
    ], indirect=['handler'])
    def test_empty_proxy(self, handler, scheme):
        run_validation(handler, False, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={scheme: None}))
@@ -1258,7 +1356,7 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
        (HTTPSupportedRH, 'http'),
        ('Requests', 'http'),
        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
-        ('Websockets', 'ws')
+        ('Websockets', 'ws'),
    ], indirect=['handler'])
    def test_invalid_proxy_url(self, handler, scheme, proxy_url):
        run_validation(handler, UnsupportedRequest, Request(f'{scheme}://', proxies={scheme: proxy_url}))
@@ -1474,7 +1572,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('proxy,expected', [
        ('http://127.0.0.1:8080', {'all': 'http://127.0.0.1:8080'}),
        ('', {'all': '__noproxy__'}),
-        (None, {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081', 'https': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081'})  # env, set https
+        (None, {'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081', 'https': 'http://127.0.0.1:8081'}),  # env, set https
    ])
    def test_proxy(self, proxy, expected, monkeypatch):
        monkeypatch.setenv('HTTP_PROXY', 'http://127.0.0.1:8081')
@@ -1546,7 +1644,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
        with FakeImpersonationRHYDL() as ydl:
            with pytest.raises(
                RequestError,
-                match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available'
+                match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available',
            ):
                ydl.urlopen(Request('http://', extensions={'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('test', None, None, None)}))

@@ -1558,7 +1656,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
                        pass

                    _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ('http',)
-                    _SUPPORTED_IMPERSONATE_TARGET_MAP = {ImpersonateTarget('abc',): 'test'}
+                    _SUPPORTED_IMPERSONATE_TARGET_MAP = {ImpersonateTarget('abc'): 'test'}
                    _SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES = None

                super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
@@ -1567,14 +1665,14 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
        with FakeHTTPRHYDL() as ydl:
            with pytest.raises(
                RequestError,
-                match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available'
+                match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available',
            ):
                ydl.urlopen(Request('http://', extensions={'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('test', None, None, None)}))

    def test_raise_impersonate_error(self):
        with pytest.raises(
            YoutubeDLError,
-            match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available'
+            match=r'Impersonate target "test" is not available',
        ):
            FakeYDL({'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('test', None, None, None)})

@@ -1592,7 +1690,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
        monkeypatch.setattr(FakeYDL, 'build_request_director', lambda cls, handlers, preferences=None: brh(cls, handlers=[IRH]))

        with FakeYDL({
-            'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('abc', None, None, None)
+            'impersonate': ImpersonateTarget('abc', None, None, None),
        }) as ydl:
            rh = self.build_handler(ydl, IRH)
            assert rh.impersonate == ImpersonateTarget('abc', None, None, None)
@@ -1604,7 +1702,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
                def _send(self, request: Request):
                    pass
                _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ('http',)
-                _SUPPORTED_IMPERSONATE_TARGET_MAP = {ImpersonateTarget(target_client,): 'test'}
+                _SUPPORTED_IMPERSONATE_TARGET_MAP = {ImpersonateTarget(target_client): 'test'}
                RH_KEY = target_client
                RH_NAME = target_client
            handlers.append(TestRH)
@@ -1614,7 +1712,7 @@ class TestYoutubeDLNetworking:
            assert set(ydl._get_available_impersonate_targets()) == {
                (ImpersonateTarget('xyz'), 'xyz'),
                (ImpersonateTarget('abc'), 'abc'),
-                (ImpersonateTarget('asd'), 'asd')
+                (ImpersonateTarget('asd'), 'asd'),
            }
            assert ydl._impersonate_target_available(ImpersonateTarget('abc'))
            assert ydl._impersonate_target_available(ImpersonateTarget())
@@ -1837,7 +1935,7 @@ class TestRequest:
            extensions={'cookiejar': CookieJar()},
            headers={'Accept-Encoding': 'br'},
            proxies={'http': 'http://127.0.0.1'},
-            data=[b'123']
+            data=[b'123'],
        )
        req_copy = req.copy()
        assert req_copy is not req
@@ -1863,7 +1961,7 @@ class TestRequest:
        assert isinstance(req.copy(), AnotherRequest)

    def test_url(self):
-        req = Request(url='https://фtest.example.com/ some spaceв?ä=c',)
+        req = Request(url='https://фtest.example.com/ some spaceв?ä=c')
        assert req.url == 'https://xn--test-z6d.example.com/%20some%20space%D0%B2?%C3%A4=c'

        assert Request(url='//example.com').url == 'http://example.com'
@@ -1878,7 +1976,7 @@ class TestResponse:
        ('custom', 200, 'custom'),
        (None, 404, 'Not Found'),  # fallback status
        ('', 403, 'Forbidden'),
-        (None, 999, None)
+        (None, 999, None),
    ])
    def test_reason(self, reason, status, expected):
        res = Response(io.BytesIO(b''), url='test://', headers={}, status=status, reason=reason)
@@ -1933,7 +2031,7 @@ class TestImpersonateTarget:

    @pytest.mark.parametrize('target_str', [
        '-120', ':-12.0', '-12:-12', '-:-',
-        '::', 'a-c-d:', 'a-c-d:e-f-g', 'a:b:'
+        '::', 'a-c-d:', 'a-c-d:e-f-g', 'a:b:',
    ])
    def test_target_from_invalid_str(self, target_str):
        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
@@ -1949,7 +2047,7 @@ class TestImpersonateTarget:
        (ImpersonateTarget('abc', '120', 'xyz', None), 'abc-120:xyz'),
        (ImpersonateTarget('abc', None, 'xyz'), 'abc:xyz'),
        (ImpersonateTarget(None, None, 'xyz', '6.5'), ':xyz-6.5'),
-        (ImpersonateTarget('abc', ), 'abc'),
+        (ImpersonateTarget('abc'), 'abc'),
        (ImpersonateTarget(None, None, None, None), ''),
    ])
    def test_str(self, target, expected):
--- a/test/test_networking_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_networking_utils.py
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
        proxies = {
            'all': 'socks5://example.com',
            'http': 'http://example.com:1080',
-            'no': 'bypass.example.com,yt-dl.org'
+            'no': 'bypass.example.com,yt-dl.org',
        }

        assert select_proxy('https://example.com', proxies) == proxies['all']
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
            'port': 1080,
            'rdns': True,
            'username': None,
-            'password': None
+            'password': None,
        }),
        ('socks5://user:@example.com:5555', {
            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS5,
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
            'port': 5555,
            'rdns': False,
            'username': 'user',
-            'password': ''
+            'password': '',
        }),
        ('socks4://u%40ser:pa%20ss@127.0.0.1:1080', {
            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS4,
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
            'port': 1080,
            'rdns': False,
            'username': 'u@ser',
-            'password': 'pa ss'
+            'password': 'pa ss',
        }),
        ('socks4a://:pa%20ss@127.0.0.1', {
            'proxytype': ProxyType.SOCKS4A,
@@ -78,8 +78,8 @@ class TestNetworkingUtils:
            'port': 1080,
            'rdns': True,
            'username': '',
-            'password': 'pa ss'
-        })
+            'password': 'pa ss',
+        }),
    ])
    def test_make_socks_proxy_opts(self, socks_proxy, expected):
        assert make_socks_proxy_opts(socks_proxy) == expected
--- a/test/test_overwrites.py
+++ b/test/test_overwrites.py
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ class TestOverwrites(unittest.TestCase):
            [
                sys.executable, 'yt_dlp/__main__.py',
                '-o', 'test.webm',
-                'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw'
+                'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw',
            ], cwd=root_dir, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        sout, serr = outp.communicate()
        self.assertTrue(b'has already been downloaded' in sout)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ class TestOverwrites(unittest.TestCase):
            [
                sys.executable, 'yt_dlp/__main__.py', '--yes-overwrites',
                '-o', 'test.webm',
-                'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw'
+                'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNQXAC9IVRw',
            ], cwd=root_dir, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
        sout, serr = outp.communicate()
        self.assertTrue(b'has already been downloaded' not in sout)
--- a/test/test_plugins.py
+++ b/test/test_plugins.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ TEST_DATA_DIR = Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'testdata')
 sys.path.append(str(TEST_DATA_DIR))
 importlib.invalidate_caches()

+from yt_dlp.utils import Config
 from yt_dlp.plugins import PACKAGE_NAME, directories, load_plugins


@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):

        # don't load modules with underscore prefix
        self.assertFalse(
-            f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor._ignore' in sys.modules.keys(),
+            f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor._ignore' in sys.modules,
            'loaded module beginning with underscore')
        self.assertNotIn('IgnorePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())

@@ -68,6 +69,24 @@ class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):
            os.remove(zip_path)
            importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches

+    def test_plugin_dirs(self):
+        # Internal plugin dirs hack for CLI --plugin-dirs
+        # To be replaced with proper system later
+        custom_plugin_dir = TEST_DATA_DIR / 'plugin_packages'
+        Config._plugin_dirs = [str(custom_plugin_dir)]
+        importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
+
+        try:
+            package = importlib.import_module(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor')
+            self.assertIn(custom_plugin_dir / 'testpackage' / PACKAGE_NAME / 'extractor', map(Path, package.__path__))
+
+            plugins_ie = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
+            self.assertIn('PackagePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+
+        finally:
+            Config._plugin_dirs = []
+            importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_post_hooks.py
+++ b/test/test_post_hooks.py
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ class TestPostHooks(unittest.TestCase):

    def hook_three(self, filename):
        self.files.append(filename)
-        raise Exception('Test exception for \'%s\'' % filename)
+        raise Exception(f'Test exception for \'{filename}\'')

    def tearDown(self):
        for f in self.files:
--- a/test/test_postprocessors.py
+++ b/test/test_postprocessors.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


 from yt_dlp import YoutubeDL
-from yt_dlp.compat import compat_shlex_quote
+from yt_dlp.utils import shell_quote
 from yt_dlp.postprocessor import (
    ExecPP,
    FFmpegThumbnailsConvertorPP,
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class TestExec(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_parse_cmd(self):
        pp = ExecPP(YoutubeDL(), '')
        info = {'filepath': 'file name'}
-        cmd = 'echo %s' % compat_shlex_quote(info['filepath'])
+        cmd = 'echo {}'.format(shell_quote(info['filepath']))

        self.assertEqual(pp.parse_cmd('echo', info), cmd)
        self.assertEqual(pp.parse_cmd('echo {}', info), cmd)
@@ -125,7 +125,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, chapters, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'preview'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'filler')]
@@ -136,7 +137,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorBlockChapters(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'chapter', title='sb c1'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(15, 16, 'chapter', title='sb c2'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'preview'),
@@ -149,10 +151,14 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_UniqueNamesForOverlappingSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([120], ['c']) + [
-            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 45, 'sponsor'), self._sponsor_chapter(20, 40, 'selfpromo'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 70, 'sponsor'), self._sponsor_chapter(60, 85, 'selfpromo'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(90, 120, 'selfpromo'), self._sponsor_chapter(100, 110, 'sponsor')]
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([120], ['c']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 45, 'sponsor'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 40, 'selfpromo'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 70, 'sponsor'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(60, 85, 'selfpromo'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(90, 120, 'selfpromo'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(100, 110, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 20, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 85, 90, 100, 110, 120],
            ['c', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor, Unpaid/Self Promotion',
@@ -172,7 +178,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, self._chapters([40], ['c']), cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithSponsorsAndCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'selfpromo', remove=True),
            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'interaction')]
@@ -185,24 +192,29 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithSponsorCutInTheMiddle(self):
        cuts = [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'selfpromo', remove=True),
                self._chapter(40, 50, remove=True)]
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [self._sponsor_chapter(10, 60, 'sponsor')] + cuts
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 60, 'sponsor'),
+            *cuts]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 40, 50], ['c', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithCutHidingSponsor(self):
        cuts = [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'selfpromo', remove=True)]
-        chapters = self._chapters([60], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([60], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'intro'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'outro'),
-        ] + cuts
+            *cuts]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 20, 30], ['c', '[SponsorBlock]: Intermission/Intro Animation', '[SponsorBlock]: Endcards/Credits'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithAdjacentSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'selfpromo'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 40, 'interaction')]
@@ -213,7 +225,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithAdjacentCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 20, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'interaction', remove=True),
            self._chapter(30, 40, remove=True),
@@ -226,7 +239,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, expected, [self._chapter(20, 50, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithOverlappingSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'selfpromo'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(40, 60, 'interaction')]
@@ -238,7 +252,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithOverlappingCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor', remove=True),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'selfpromo', remove=True),
            self._sponsor_chapter(40, 60, 'interaction', remove=True)]
@@ -246,7 +261,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, self._chapters([20], ['c']), [self._chapter(10, 60, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithRunsOfOverlappingSponsors(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([170], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([170], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(0, 30, 'intro'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(40, 60, 'selfpromo'),
@@ -267,7 +283,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithRunsOfOverlappingCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([170], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([170], ['c']),
            self._chapter(0, 30, remove=True),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'sponsor', remove=True),
            self._chapter(40, 60, remove=True),
@@ -284,7 +301,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, self._chapters([20], ['c']), expected_cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_OverlappingSponsorsDifferentTitlesAfterCut(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([60], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([60], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 60, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 40, 'intro'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'interaction'),
@@ -297,7 +315,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, expected, [self._chapter(30, 50, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsNoLongerOverlapAfterCut(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 50, 'interaction'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'selfpromo', remove=True),
@@ -310,7 +329,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, expected, [self._chapter(30, 50, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsStillOverlapAfterCut(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([70], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([70], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 60, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 60, 'interaction'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'selfpromo', remove=True)]
@@ -321,7 +341,8 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, expected, [self._chapter(30, 50, remove=True)])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChapterWithRunsOfOverlappingSponsorsAndCuts(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([200], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([200], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 40, 'sponsor'),
            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'intro'),
            self._chapter(20, 30, remove=True),
@@ -347,8 +368,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, expected_cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorOverlapsMultipleChapters(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([20, 40, 60, 80, 100], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4', 'c5'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(10, 90, 'sponsor')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([20, 40, 60, 80, 100], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4', 'c5']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 90, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 90, 100], ['c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c5'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@@ -359,9 +381,10 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsWithinSomeChaptersAndOverlappingOthers(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 40, 60, 80], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor'),
-                       self._sponsor_chapter(50, 70, 'selfpromo')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 40, 60, 80], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(50, 70, 'selfpromo')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 70, 80],
                                  ['c1', 'c2', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c2', 'c3',
                                   '[SponsorBlock]: Unpaid/Self Promotion', 'c4'])
@@ -374,8 +397,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_ChaptersAfterLastSponsor(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([20, 40, 50, 60], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'music_offtopic')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([20, 40, 50, 60], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'music_offtopic')]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 30, 40, 50, 60],
            ['c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Non-Music Section', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
@@ -388,8 +412,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorStartsAtChapterStart(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 20, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 20, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c3'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@@ -400,8 +425,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorEndsAtChapterEnd(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 30, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c3'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@@ -412,8 +438,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorCoincidesWithChapters(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(10, 30, 'sponsor')]
        expected = self._chapters([10, 30, 40], ['c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c4'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@@ -424,8 +451,9 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsAtVideoBoundaries(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([20, 40, 60], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(0, 10, 'intro'), self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'outro')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([20, 40, 60], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(0, 10, 'intro'), self._sponsor_chapter(50, 60, 'outro')]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [10, 20, 40, 50, 60], ['[SponsorBlock]: Intermission/Intro Animation', 'c1', 'c2', 'c3', '[SponsorBlock]: Endcards/Credits'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])
@@ -437,8 +465,10 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SponsorsOverlapChaptersAtVideoBoundaries(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 40, 50], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(0, 20, 'intro'), self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'outro')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 40, 50], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(0, 20, 'intro'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(30, 50, 'outro')]
        expected = self._chapters(
            [20, 30, 50], ['[SponsorBlock]: Intermission/Intro Animation', 'c2', '[SponsorBlock]: Endcards/Credits'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])
@@ -450,8 +480,10 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_EverythingSponsored(self):
-        chapters = (self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4'])
-                    + [self._sponsor_chapter(0, 20, 'intro'), self._sponsor_chapter(20, 40, 'outro')])
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10, 20, 30, 40], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3', 'c4']),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(0, 20, 'intro'),
+            self._sponsor_chapter(20, 40, 'outro')]
        expected = self._chapters([20, 40], ['[SponsorBlock]: Intermission/Intro Animation', '[SponsorBlock]: Endcards/Credits'])
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(chapters, expected, [])

@@ -491,38 +523,39 @@ class TestModifyChaptersPP(unittest.TestCase):
            chapters, self._chapters([2.5], ['c2']), cuts)

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_TinyChaptersResultingFromSponsorOverlapAreIgnored(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([1, 3, 4], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([1, 3, 4], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(1.5, 2.5, 'sponsor')]
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(
            chapters, self._chapters([1.5, 2.5, 4], ['c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c3']), [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_TinySponsorsOverlapsAreIgnored(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([2, 3, 5], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([2, 3, 5], ['c1', 'c2', 'c3']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(1, 3, 'sponsor'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(2.5, 4, 'selfpromo')
-        ]
+            self._sponsor_chapter(2.5, 4, 'selfpromo')]
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(
            chapters, self._chapters([1, 3, 4, 5], [
                'c1', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', '[SponsorBlock]: Unpaid/Self Promotion', 'c3']), [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_TinySponsorsPrependedToTheNextSponsor(self):
-        chapters = self._chapters([4], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([4], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(1.5, 2, 'sponsor'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(2, 4, 'selfpromo')
-        ]
+            self._sponsor_chapter(2, 4, 'selfpromo')]
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(
            chapters, self._chapters([1.5, 4], ['c', '[SponsorBlock]: Unpaid/Self Promotion']), [])

    def test_remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_SmallestSponsorInTheOverlapGetsNamed(self):
        self._pp._sponsorblock_chapter_title = '[SponsorBlock]: %(name)s'
-        chapters = self._chapters([10], ['c']) + [
+        chapters = [
+            *self._chapters([10], ['c']),
            self._sponsor_chapter(2, 8, 'sponsor'),
-            self._sponsor_chapter(4, 6, 'selfpromo')
-        ]
+            self._sponsor_chapter(4, 6, 'selfpromo')]
        self._remove_marked_arrange_sponsors_test_impl(
            chapters, self._chapters([2, 4, 6, 8, 10], [
                'c', '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', '[SponsorBlock]: Unpaid/Self Promotion',
-                '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c'
+                '[SponsorBlock]: Sponsor', 'c',
            ]), [])

    def test_make_concat_opts_CommonCase(self):
--- a/test/test_socks.py
+++ b/test/test_socks.py
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class Socks5ProxyHandler(StreamRequestHandler, SocksProxyHandler):
            return

        elif Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS in methods:
-            self.connection.sendall(struct.pack("!BB", SOCKS5_VERSION, Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS))
+            self.connection.sendall(struct.pack('!BB', SOCKS5_VERSION, Socks5Auth.AUTH_USER_PASS))

            _, user_len = struct.unpack('!BB', self.connection.recv(2))
            username = self.connection.recv(user_len).decode()
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ class Socks4ProxyHandler(StreamRequestHandler, SocksProxyHandler):
        if 0x0 < dest_ip <= 0xFF:
            use_remote_dns = True
        else:
-            socks_info['ipv4_address'] = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack("!I", dest_ip))
+            socks_info['ipv4_address'] = socket.inet_ntoa(struct.pack('!I', dest_ip))

        user_id = self._read_until_null().decode()
        if user_id != (self.socks_kwargs.get('user_id') or ''):
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ def ctx(request):
        ('Urllib', 'http'),
        ('Requests', 'http'),
        ('Websockets', 'ws'),
-        ('CurlCFFI', 'http')
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
    ], indirect=True)
 class TestSocks4Proxy:
    def test_socks4_no_auth(self, handler, ctx):
@@ -366,7 +366,7 @@ class TestSocks4Proxy:
        ('Urllib', 'http'),
        ('Requests', 'http'),
        ('Websockets', 'ws'),
-        ('CurlCFFI', 'http')
+        ('CurlCFFI', 'http'),
    ], indirect=True)
 class TestSocks5Proxy:

--- a/test/test_subtitles.py
+++ b/test/test_subtitles.py
@@ -40,12 +40,11 @@ class BaseTestSubtitles(unittest.TestCase):
        self.ie = self.IE()
        self.DL.add_info_extractor(self.ie)
        if not self.IE.working():
-            print('Skipping: %s marked as not _WORKING' % self.IE.ie_key())
+            print(f'Skipping: {self.IE.ie_key()} marked as not _WORKING')
            self.skipTest('IE marked as not _WORKING')

    def getInfoDict(self):
-        info_dict = self.DL.extract_info(self.url, download=False)
-        return info_dict
+        return self.DL.extract_info(self.url, download=False)

    def getSubtitles(self):
        info_dict = self.getInfoDict()
@@ -87,7 +86,7 @@ class TestYoutubeSubtitles(BaseTestSubtitles):
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['en']), 'ae1bd34126571a77aabd4d276b28044d')
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['it']), '0e0b667ba68411d88fd1c5f4f4eab2f9')
        for lang in ['fr', 'de']:
-            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, 'Subtitles for \'%s\' not extracted' % lang)
+            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, f'Subtitles for \'{lang}\' not extracted')

    def _test_subtitles_format(self, fmt, md5_hash, lang='en'):
        self.DL.params['writesubtitles'] = True
@@ -157,7 +156,7 @@ class TestDailymotionSubtitles(BaseTestSubtitles):
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['en']), '976553874490cba125086bbfea3ff76f')
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['fr']), '594564ec7d588942e384e920e5341792')
        for lang in ['es', 'fr', 'de']:
-            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, 'Subtitles for \'%s\' not extracted' % lang)
+            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, f'Subtitles for \'{lang}\' not extracted')

    def test_nosubtitles(self):
        self.DL.expect_warning('video doesn\'t have subtitles')
@@ -182,7 +181,7 @@ class TestTedSubtitles(BaseTestSubtitles):
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['en']), '4262c1665ff928a2dada178f62cb8d14')
        self.assertEqual(md5(subtitles['fr']), '66a63f7f42c97a50f8c0e90bc7797bb5')
        for lang in ['es', 'fr', 'de']:
-            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, 'Subtitles for \'%s\' not extracted' % lang)
+            self.assertTrue(subtitles.get(lang) is not None, f'Subtitles for \'{lang}\' not extracted')


@is_download_test
--- a/test/test_traversal.py
+++ b/test/test_traversal.py
@@ -4,8 +4,18 @@ import xml.etree.ElementTree

 import pytest

-from yt_dlp.utils import dict_get, int_or_none, str_or_none
-from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from yt_dlp.utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    determine_ext,
+    dict_get,
+    int_or_none,
+    str_or_none,
+)
+from yt_dlp.utils.traversal import (
+    traverse_obj,
+    require,
+    subs_list_to_dict,
+)

 _TEST_DATA = {
    100: 100,
@@ -31,7 +41,7 @@ class TestTraversal:
            'allow tuple path'
        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['str']) == 'str', \
            'allow list path'
-        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (value for value in ("str",))) == 'str', \
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (value for value in ('str',))) == 'str', \
            'allow iterable path'
        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, 'str') == 'str', \
            'single items should be treated as a path'
@@ -70,7 +80,7 @@ class TestTraversal:

    def test_traversal_set(self):
        # transformation/type, like `expected_type`
-        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper}, )) == ['STR'], \
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str.upper})) == ['STR'], \
            'Function in set should be a transformation'
        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, (..., {str})) == ['str'], \
            'Type in set should be a type filter'
@@ -276,7 +286,7 @@ class TestTraversal:
            '`...` should result in string (same value) if `traverse_string`'
        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', slice(0, None, 2)), traverse_string=True) == 'sr', \
            '`slice` should result in string if `traverse_string`'
-        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', lambda i, v: i or v == "s"), traverse_string=True) == 'str', \
+        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', lambda i, v: i or v == 's'), traverse_string=True) == 'str', \
            'function should result in string if `traverse_string`'
        assert traverse_obj(_TRAVERSE_STRING_DATA, ('str', (0, 2)), traverse_string=True) == ['s', 'r'], \
            'branching should result in list if `traverse_string`'
@@ -420,6 +430,71 @@ class TestTraversal:
        assert traverse_obj(morsel, [(None,), any]) == morsel, \
            'Morsel should not be implicitly changed to dict on usage'

+    def test_traversal_filter(self):
+        data = [None, False, True, 0, 1, 0.0, 1.1, '', 'str', {}, {0: 0}, [], [1]]
+
+        assert traverse_obj(data, [..., filter]) == [True, 1, 1.1, 'str', {0: 0}, [1]], \
+            '`filter` should filter falsy values'
+
+
+class TestTraversalHelpers:
+    def test_traversal_require(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ExtractorError):
+            traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['None', {require('value')}])
+        assert traverse_obj(_TEST_DATA, ['str', {require('value')}]) == 'str', \
+            '`require` should pass through non `None` values'
+
+    def test_subs_list_to_dict(self):
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.vtt'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1.ass'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2.ass'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.vtt'}],
+            'en': [
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1.ass'},
+                {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2.ass'},
+            ],
+        }, 'function should build subtitle dict from list of subtitles'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'de', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'},
+            {'name': 'de'},
+            {'name': 'en', 'content': 'content'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'data': 'content',
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass'}],
+            'en': [{'data': 'content'}],
+        }, 'subs with mandatory items missing should be filtered'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass', 'name': 'de'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en', 'name': 'en'},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'ext': ['url', {lambda x: determine_ext(x, default_ext=None)}],
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(ext='ext')}]) == {
+            'de': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/de.ass', 'ext': 'ass'}],
+            'en': [{'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en', 'ext': 'ext'}],
+        }, '`ext` should set default ext but leave existing value untouched'
+        assert traverse_obj([
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2', 'prio': True},
+            {'name': 'en', 'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1', 'prio': False},
+        ], [..., {
+            'id': 'name',
+            'quality': ['prio', {int}],
+            'url': 'url',
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(ext='ext')}]) == {'en': [
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en1', 'ext': 'ext'},
+            {'url': 'https://example.com/subs/en2', 'ext': 'ext'},
+        ]}, '`quality` key should sort subtitle list accordingly'
+

 class TestDictGet:
    def test_dict_get(self):
--- a/test/test_update.py
+++ b/test/test_update.py
@@ -78,11 +78,11 @@ TEST_API_DATA = {

 TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT = '# This file is used for regulating self-update'

-TEST_LOCKFILE_V1 = r'''%s
+TEST_LOCKFILE_V1 = rf'''{TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT}
 lock 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
 lock 2023.11.16 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lock 2023.11.16 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
-''' % TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT
+'''

 TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL = r'''%s
 lockV2 yt-dlp/yt-dlp 2022.08.18.36 .+ Python 3\.6
@@ -98,12 +98,12 @@ TEST_LOCKFILE_V2 = TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL % TEST_LOCKFILE_COMMENT

 TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL = TEST_LOCKFILE_V2_TMPL % TEST_LOCKFILE_V1.rstrip('\n')

-TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK = r'''%s# Test if a fork blocks updates to non-numeric tags
+TEST_LOCKFILE_FORK = rf'''{TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL}# Test if a fork blocks updates to non-numeric tags
 lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr0000 .+ Python 3.6
 lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr1234 (?!win_x86_exe).+ Python 3\.7
 lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr1234 win_x86_exe .+ Windows-(?:Vista|2008Server)
 lockV2 fork/yt-dlp pr9999 .+ Python 3.11
-''' % TEST_LOCKFILE_ACTUAL
+'''


 class FakeUpdater(Updater):
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -130,6 +130,7 @@ from yt_dlp.utils import (
    xpath_text,
    xpath_with_ns,
 )
+from yt_dlp.utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError
 from yt_dlp.utils.networking import (
    HTTPHeaderDict,
    escape_rfc3986,
@@ -220,9 +221,10 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('N0Y__7-UOdI', is_id=True), 'N0Y__7-UOdI')

    def test_sanitize_path(self):
-        if sys.platform != 'win32':
-            return
+        with unittest.mock.patch('sys.platform', 'win32'):
+            self._test_sanitize_path()

+    def _test_sanitize_path(self):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc'), 'abc')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc/def'), 'abc\\def')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc\\def'), 'abc\\def')
@@ -255,6 +257,11 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./abc'), 'abc')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('./../abc'), '..\\abc')

+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('\\abc'), '\\abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:abc'), 'C:abc')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:abc\\..\\'), 'C:..')
+        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('C:\\abc:%(title)s.%(ext)s'), 'C:\\abc#%(title)s.%(ext)s')
+
    def test_sanitize_url(self):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('//foo.bar'), 'http://foo.bar')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_url('httpss://foo.bar'), 'https://foo.bar')
@@ -276,11 +283,18 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
            self.assertEqual(expand_path(env('HOME')), os.getenv('HOME'))
            self.assertEqual(expand_path('~'), os.getenv('HOME'))
            self.assertEqual(
-                expand_path('~/%s' % env('yt_dlp_EXPATH_PATH')),
-                '%s/expanded' % os.getenv('HOME'))
+                expand_path('~/{}'.format(env('yt_dlp_EXPATH_PATH'))),
+                '{}/expanded'.format(os.getenv('HOME')))
        finally:
            os.environ['HOME'] = old_home or ''

+    _uncommon_extensions = [
+        ('exe', 'abc.exe.ext'),
+        ('de', 'abc.de.ext'),
+        ('../.mp4', None),
+        ('..\\.mp4', None),
+    ]
+
    def test_prepend_extension(self):
        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'temp'), 'abc.temp.ext')
        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'temp', 'ext'), 'abc.temp.ext')
@@ -289,6 +303,19 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('.abc', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')
        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('.abc.ext', 'temp'), '.abc.temp.ext')

+        # Test uncommon extensions
+        self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', 'bin'), 'abc.bin.ext')
+        for ext, result in self._uncommon_extensions:
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                prepend_extension('abc', ext)
+            if result:
+                self.assertEqual(prepend_extension('abc.ext', ext, 'ext'), result)
+            else:
+                with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                    prepend_extension('abc.ext', ext, 'ext')
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                prepend_extension('abc.unexpected_ext', ext, 'ext')
+
    def test_replace_extension(self):
        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc.ext', 'temp'), 'abc.temp')
        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc.ext', 'temp', 'ext'), 'abc.temp')
@@ -297,6 +324,16 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('.abc', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')
        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('.abc.ext', 'temp'), '.abc.temp')

+        # Test uncommon extensions
+        self.assertEqual(replace_extension('abc.ext', 'bin'), 'abc.unknown_video')
+        for ext, _ in self._uncommon_extensions:
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                replace_extension('abc', ext)
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                replace_extension('abc.ext', ext, 'ext')
+            with self.assertRaises(_UnsafeExtensionError):
+                replace_extension('abc.unexpected_ext', ext, 'ext')
+
    def test_subtitles_filename(self):
        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.ext', 'en', 'vtt'), 'abc.en.vtt')
        self.assertEqual(subtitles_filename('abc.ext', 'en', 'vtt', 'ext'), 'abc.en.vtt')
@@ -356,12 +393,12 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(datetime_from_str('now+23hours', precision='hour'), datetime_from_str('now+23hours', precision='auto'))

    def test_daterange(self):
-        _20century = DateRange("19000101", "20000101")
-        self.assertFalse("17890714" in _20century)
-        _ac = DateRange("00010101")
-        self.assertTrue("19690721" in _ac)
-        _firstmilenium = DateRange(end="10000101")
-        self.assertTrue("07110427" in _firstmilenium)
+        _20century = DateRange('19000101', '20000101')
+        self.assertFalse('17890714' in _20century)
+        _ac = DateRange('00010101')
+        self.assertTrue('19690721' in _ac)
+        _firstmilenium = DateRange(end='10000101')
+        self.assertTrue('07110427' in _firstmilenium)

    def test_unified_dates(self):
        self.assertEqual(unified_strdate('December 21, 2010'), '20101221')
@@ -413,6 +450,8 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Sep 11, 2013 | 5:49 AM'), 1378878540)
        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('December 15, 2017 at 7:49 am'), 1513324140)
        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('2018-03-14T08:32:43.1493874+00:00'), 1521016363)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Sunday, 26 Nov 2006, 19:00'), 1164567600)
+        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('wed, aug 16, 2008, 12:00pm'), 1218931200)

        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('December 31 1969 20:00:01 EDT'), 1)
        self.assertEqual(unified_timestamp('Wednesday 31 December 1969 18:01:26 MDT'), 86)
@@ -506,7 +545,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertRaises(ExtractorError, xpath_attr, doc, 'div/p', 'y', fatal=True)

    def test_smuggle_url(self):
-        data = {"ö": "ö", "abc": [3]}
+        data = {'ö': 'ö', 'abc': [3]}
        url = 'https://foo.bar/baz?x=y#a'
        smug_url = smuggle_url(url, data)
        unsmug_url, unsmug_data = unsmuggle_url(smug_url)
@@ -784,7 +823,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_strip_jsonp(self):
        stripped = strip_jsonp('cb ([ {"id":"532cb",\n\n\n"x":\n3}\n]\n);')
        d = json.loads(stripped)
-        self.assertEqual(d, [{"id": "532cb", "x": 3}])
+        self.assertEqual(d, [{'id': '532cb', 'x': 3}])

        stripped = strip_jsonp('parseMetadata({"STATUS":"OK"})\n\n\n//epc')
        d = json.loads(stripped)
@@ -888,6 +927,11 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
            'acodec': 'none',
            'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00'), {
+            'vcodec': 'vp09.02.50.10.01.09.18.09.00',
+            'acodec': 'none',
+            'dynamic_range': 'HDR10',
+        })
        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0'), {
            'vcodec': 'av01.0.12M.10.0.110.09.16.09.0',
            'acodec': 'none',
@@ -898,6 +942,11 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
            'acodec': 'none',
            'dynamic_range': 'DV',
        })
+        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('fLaC'), {
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'acodec': 'flac',
+            'dynamic_range': None,
+        })
        self.assertEqual(parse_codecs('theora, vorbis'), {
            'vcodec': 'theora',
            'acodec': 'vorbis',
@@ -922,19 +971,19 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_normalize_url(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            normalize_url('http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavré_FD.mp4'),
-            'http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavre%CC%81_FD.mp4'
+            'http://wowza.imust.org/srv/vod/telemb/new/UPLOAD/UPLOAD/20224_IncendieHavre%CC%81_FD.mp4',
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            normalize_url('http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erklärt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290'),
-            'http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erkl%C3%A4rt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290'
+            'http://www.ardmediathek.de/tv/Sturm-der-Liebe/Folge-2036-Zu-Mann-und-Frau-erkl%C3%A4rt/Das-Erste/Video?documentId=22673108&bcastId=5290',
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            normalize_url('http://тест.рф/фрагмент'),
-            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82'
+            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82',
        )
        self.assertEqual(
            normalize_url('http://тест.рф/абв?абв=абв#абв'),
-            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2?%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2=%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2#%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2'
+            'http://xn--e1aybc.xn--p1ai/%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2?%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2=%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2#%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B2',
        )
        self.assertEqual(normalize_url('http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0'), 'http://vimeo.com/56015672#at=0')

@@ -979,7 +1028,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
                    'e': 'false',
                    'f': '"false"',
                    'g': 'var',
-                }
+                },
            )),
            {
                'null': None,
@@ -988,8 +1037,8 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
                'trueStr': 'true',
                'false': False,
                'falseStr': 'false',
-                'unresolvedVar': 'var'
-            }
+                'unresolvedVar': 'var',
+            },
        )

        self.assertDictEqual(
@@ -1005,14 +1054,14 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
                    'b': '"123"',
                    'c': '1.23',
                    'd': '"1.23"',
-                }
+                },
            )),
            {
                'int': 123,
                'intStr': '123',
                'float': 1.23,
                'floatStr': '1.23',
-            }
+            },
        )

        self.assertDictEqual(
@@ -1028,14 +1077,14 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
                    'b': '"{}"',
                    'c': '[]',
                    'd': '"[]"',
-                }
+                },
            )),
            {
                'object': {},
                'objectStr': '{}',
                'array': [],
                'arrayStr': '[]',
-            }
+            },
        )

    def test_js_to_json_realworld(self):
@@ -1081,7 +1130,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):

    def test_js_to_json_edgecases(self):
        on = js_to_json("{abc_def:'1\\'\\\\2\\\\\\'3\"4'}")
-        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {"abc_def": "1'\\2\\'3\"4"})
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'abc_def': "1'\\2\\'3\"4"})

        on = js_to_json('{"abc": true}')
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(on), {'abc': True})
@@ -1113,9 +1162,9 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
            'c': 0,
            'd': 42.42,
            'e': [],
-            'f': "abc",
-            'g': "",
-            '42': 42
+            'f': 'abc',
+            'g': '',
+            '42': 42,
        })

        on = js_to_json('["abc", "def",]')
@@ -1209,8 +1258,8 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('Array(5, 10)')), [5, 10])
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Array(15,5)')), [15, 5])
        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Map([Array(5, 10),new Array(15,5)])')), {'5': 10, '15': 5})
-        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date("123")')), "123")
-        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date(\'2023-10-19\')')), "2023-10-19")
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date("123")')), '123')
+        self.assertEqual(json.loads(js_to_json('new Date(\'2023-10-19\')')), '2023-10-19')

    def test_extract_attributes(self):
        self.assertEqual(extract_attributes('<e x="y">'), {'x': 'y'})
@@ -1265,7 +1314,7 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_args_to_str(self):
        self.assertEqual(
            args_to_str(['foo', 'ba/r', '-baz', '2 be', '']),
-            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if compat_os_name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""'
+            'foo ba/r -baz \'2 be\' \'\'' if compat_os_name != 'nt' else 'foo ba/r -baz "2 be" ""',
        )

    def test_parse_filesize(self):
@@ -1348,10 +1397,10 @@ ffmpeg version 2.4.4 Copyright (c) 2000-2014 the FFmpeg ...'''), '2.4.4')
        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-8 with BOM
            b'\xef\xbb\xbf<!DOCTYPE foo>\xaaa'))
        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-16-LE
-            b'\xff\xfe<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4\x00'
+            b'\xff\xfe<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4\x00',
        ))
        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-16-BE
-            b'\xfe\xff\x00<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4'
+            b'\xfe\xff\x00<\x00h\x00t\x00m\x00l\x00>\x00\xe4',
        ))
        self.assertTrue(is_html(  # UTF-32-BE
            b'\x00\x00\xFE\xFF\x00\x00\x00<\x00\x00\x00h\x00\x00\x00t\x00\x00\x00m\x00\x00\x00l\x00\x00\x00>\x00\x00\x00\xe4'))
@@ -1935,7 +1984,7 @@ Line 1
                            with locked_file(FILE, test_mode, False):
                                pass
                        except (BlockingIOError, PermissionError):
-                            if not testing_write:  # FIXME
+                            if not testing_write:  # FIXME: blocked read access
                                print(f'Known issue: Exclusive lock ({lock_mode}) blocks read access ({test_mode})')
                                continue
                            self.assertTrue(testing_write, f'{test_mode} is blocked by {lock_mode}')
@@ -2003,7 +2052,7 @@ Line 1
                         msg='int fn with expected_type int should give int')
        self.assertEqual(try_call(lambda: 1, expected_type=dict), None,
                         msg='int fn with wrong expected_type should give None')
-        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, args=(0, 1, 0, ), expected_type=int), 1,
+        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, args=(0, 1, 0), expected_type=int), 1,
                         msg='fn should accept arglist')
        self.assertEqual(try_call(total, kwargs={'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 0}, expected_type=int), 1,
                         msg='fn should accept kwargs')
--- a/test/test_websockets.py
+++ b/test/test_websockets.py
@@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ def process_request(self, request):
            return websockets.http11.Response(
                status.value, status.phrase, websockets.datastructures.Headers([('Location', '/')]), b'')
        return self.protocol.reject(status.value, status.phrase)
+    elif request.path.startswith('/get_cookie'):
+        response = self.protocol.accept(request)
+        response.headers['Set-Cookie'] = 'test=ytdlp'
+        return response
    return self.protocol.accept(request)


@@ -84,7 +88,7 @@ def create_wss_websocket_server():
    certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
    sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
    sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)


 MTLS_CERT_DIR = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testdata', 'certificate')
@@ -99,7 +103,16 @@ def create_mtls_wss_websocket_server():
    sslctx.load_verify_locations(cafile=cacertfn)
    sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)

-    return create_websocket_server(ssl_context=sslctx)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)
+
+
+def create_legacy_wss_websocket_server():
+    certfn = os.path.join(TEST_DIR, 'testcert.pem')
+    sslctx = ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER)
+    sslctx.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_2
+    sslctx.set_ciphers('SHA1:AESCCM:aDSS:eNULL:aNULL')
+    sslctx.load_cert_chain(certfn, None)
+    return create_websocket_server(ssl=sslctx)


 def ws_validate_and_send(rh, req):
@@ -126,12 +139,15 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
        cls.wss_thread, cls.wss_port = create_wss_websocket_server()
        cls.wss_base_url = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.wss_port}'

-        cls.bad_wss_thread, cls.bad_wss_port = create_websocket_server(ssl_context=ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER))
+        cls.bad_wss_thread, cls.bad_wss_port = create_websocket_server(ssl=ssl.SSLContext(ssl.PROTOCOL_TLS_SERVER))
        cls.bad_wss_host = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.bad_wss_port}'

        cls.mtls_wss_thread, cls.mtls_wss_port = create_mtls_wss_websocket_server()
        cls.mtls_wss_base_url = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.mtls_wss_port}'

+        cls.legacy_wss_thread, cls.legacy_wss_port = create_legacy_wss_websocket_server()
+        cls.legacy_wss_host = f'wss://127.0.0.1:{cls.legacy_wss_port}'
+
    def test_basic_websockets(self, handler):
        with handler() as rh:
            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
@@ -166,6 +182,22 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
                ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.bad_wss_host))
            assert not issubclass(exc_info.type, CertificateVerifyError)

+    def test_legacy_ssl_extension(self, handler):
+        with handler(verify=False) as rh:
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.legacy_wss_host, extensions={'legacy_ssl': True}))
+            assert ws.status == 101
+            ws.close()
+
+            # Ensure only applies to request extension
+            with pytest.raises(SSLError):
+                ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.legacy_wss_host))
+
+    def test_legacy_ssl_support(self, handler):
+        with handler(verify=False, legacy_ssl_support=True) as rh:
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.legacy_wss_host))
+            assert ws.status == 101
+            ws.close()
+
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('path,expected', [
        # Unicode characters should be encoded with uppercase percent-encoding
        ('/中文', '/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87'),
@@ -248,6 +280,32 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
            ws.close()

+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Websockets', 'Set-Cookie not supported by websockets')
+    def test_cookie_sync_only_cookiejar(self, handler):
+        # Ensure that cookies are ONLY being handled by the cookiejar
+        with handler() as rh:
+            ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/get_cookie', extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
+            ws.send('headers')
+            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            ws.close()
+
+    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Websockets', 'Set-Cookie not supported by websockets')
+    def test_cookie_sync_delete_cookie(self, handler):
+        # Ensure that cookies are ONLY being handled by the cookiejar
+        cookiejar = YoutubeDLCookieJar()
+        with handler(verbose=True, cookiejar=cookiejar) as rh:
+            ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/get_cookie'))
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
+            ws.send('headers')
+            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
+            ws.close()
+            cookiejar.clear_session_cookies()
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
+            ws.send('headers')
+            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            ws.close()
+
    def test_source_address(self, handler):
        source_address = f'127.0.0.{random.randint(5, 255)}'
        verify_address_availability(source_address)
@@ -297,14 +355,14 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            'client_certificate': os.path.join(MTLS_CERT_DIR, 'client.crt'),
            'client_certificate_key': os.path.join(MTLS_CERT_DIR, 'clientencrypted.key'),
            'client_certificate_password': 'foobar',
-        }
+        },
    ))
    def test_mtls(self, handler, client_cert):
        with handler(
            # Disable client-side validation of unacceptable self-signed testcert.pem
            # The test is of a check on the server side, so unaffected
            verify=False,
-            client_cert=client_cert
+            client_cert=client_cert,
        ) as rh:
            ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.mtls_wss_base_url)).close()

--- a/test/test_youtube_misc.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_misc.py
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ from yt_dlp.extractor import YoutubeIE

 class TestYoutubeMisc(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_youtube_extract(self):
-        assertExtractId = lambda url, id: self.assertEqual(YoutubeIE.extract_id(url), id)
+        assertExtractId = lambda url, video_id: self.assertEqual(YoutubeIE.extract_id(url), video_id)
        assertExtractId('http://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=BaW_jenozKc', 'BaW_jenozKc')
        assertExtractId('https://www.youtube.com/watch?&v=BaW_jenozKc', 'BaW_jenozKc')
        assertExtractId('https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=BaW_jenozKc', 'BaW_jenozKc')
--- a/test/test_youtube_signature.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
@@ -46,17 +46,17 @@ _SIG_TESTS = [
    (
        'https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vflBb0OQx.js',
        84,
-        '123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ0STUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,@./:;<=>'
+        '123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQ0STUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,@./:;<=>',
    ),
    (
        'https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vfl9FYC6l.js',
        83,
-        '123456789abcdefghijklmnopqr0tuvwxyzABCDETGHIJKLMNOPQRS>UVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=F'
+        '123456789abcdefghijklmnopqr0tuvwxyzABCDETGHIJKLMNOPQRS>UVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=F',
    ),
    (
        'https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vflCGk6yw/html5player.js',
        '4646B5181C6C3020DF1D9C7FCFEA.AD80ABF70C39BD369CCCAE780AFBB98FA6B6CB42766249D9488C288',
-        '82C8849D94266724DC6B6AF89BBFA087EACCD963.B93C07FBA084ACAEFCF7C9D1FD0203C6C1815B6B'
+        '82C8849D94266724DC6B6AF89BBFA087EACCD963.B93C07FBA084ACAEFCF7C9D1FD0203C6C1815B6B',
    ),
    (
        'https://s.ytimg.com/yts/jsbin/html5player-en_US-vflKjOTVq/html5player.js',
@@ -163,6 +163,26 @@ _NSIG_TESTS = [
        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/b7910ca8/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
        '_hXMCwMt9qE310D', 'LoZMgkkofRMCZQ',
    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/590f65a6/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '1tm7-g_A9zsI8_Lay_', 'xI4Vem4Put_rOg',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/b22ef6e7/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'b6HcntHGkvBLk_FRf', 'kNPW6A7FyP2l8A',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/3400486c/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'lL46g3XifCKUZn1Xfw', 'z767lhet6V2Skl',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/20dfca59/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        '-fLCxedkAk4LUTK2', 'O8kfRq1y1eyHGw',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/b12cc44b/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'keLa5R2U00sR9SQK', 'N1OGyujjEwMnLw',
+    ),
 ]


@@ -207,7 +227,7 @@ class TestSignature(unittest.TestCase):
 def t_factory(name, sig_func, url_pattern):
    def make_tfunc(url, sig_input, expected_sig):
        m = url_pattern.match(url)
-        assert m, '%r should follow URL format' % url
+        assert m, f'{url!r} should follow URL format'
        test_id = m.group('id')

        def test_func(self):
--- a/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
+++ b/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class PackagePluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    pass
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
--- a/yt_dlp/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/init.py
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import os
 import re
 import traceback

-from .compat import compat_os_name, compat_shlex_quote
-from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS
+from .compat import compat_os_name
+from .cookies import SUPPORTED_BROWSERS, SUPPORTED_KEYRINGS, CookieLoadError
 from .downloader.external import get_external_downloader
 from .extractor import list_extractor_classes
 from .extractor.adobepass import MSO_INFO
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from .postprocessor import (
 )
 from .update import Updater
 from .utils import (
+    Config,
    NO_DEFAULT,
    POSTPROCESS_WHEN,
    DateRange,
@@ -58,11 +59,13 @@ from .utils import (
    read_stdin,
    render_table,
    setproctitle,
+    shell_quote,
    traverse_obj,
    variadic,
    write_string,
 )
 from .utils.networking import std_headers
+from .utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError
 from .YoutubeDL import YoutubeDL

 _IN_CLI = False
@@ -115,9 +118,9 @@ def print_extractor_information(opts, urls):
            ie.description(markdown=False, search_examples=_SEARCHES)
            for ie in list_extractor_classes(opts.age_limit) if ie.working() and ie.IE_DESC is not False)
    elif opts.ap_list_mso:
-        out = 'Supported TV Providers:\n%s\n' % render_table(
+        out = 'Supported TV Providers:\n{}\n'.format(render_table(
            ['mso', 'mso name'],
-            [[mso_id, mso_info['name']] for mso_id, mso_info in MSO_INFO.items()])
+            [[mso_id, mso_info['name']] for mso_id, mso_info in MSO_INFO.items()]))
    else:
        return False
    write_string(out, out=sys.stdout)
@@ -129,7 +132,7 @@ def set_compat_opts(opts):
        if name not in opts.compat_opts:
            return False
        opts.compat_opts.discard(name)
-        opts.compat_opts.update(['*%s' % name])
+        opts.compat_opts.update([f'*{name}'])
        return True

    def set_default_compat(compat_name, opt_name, default=True, remove_compat=True):
@@ -222,7 +225,7 @@ def validate_options(opts):
        validate_minmax(opts.sleep_interval, opts.max_sleep_interval, 'sleep interval')

    if opts.wait_for_video is not None:
-        min_wait, max_wait, *_ = map(parse_duration, opts.wait_for_video.split('-', 1) + [None])
+        min_wait, max_wait, *_ = map(parse_duration, [*opts.wait_for_video.split('-', 1), None])
        validate(min_wait is not None and not (max_wait is None and '-' in opts.wait_for_video),
                 'time range to wait for video', opts.wait_for_video)
        validate_minmax(min_wait, max_wait, 'time range to wait for video')
@@ -233,6 +236,11 @@ def validate_options(opts):
        validate_regex('format sorting', f, FormatSorter.regex)

    # Postprocessor formats
+    if opts.convertsubtitles == 'none':
+        opts.convertsubtitles = None
+    if opts.convertthumbnails == 'none':
+        opts.convertthumbnails = None
+
    validate_regex('merge output format', opts.merge_output_format,
                   r'({0})(/({0}))*'.format('|'.join(map(re.escape, FFmpegMergerPP.SUPPORTED_EXTS))))
    validate_regex('audio format', opts.audioformat, FFmpegExtractAudioPP.FORMAT_RE)
@@ -264,9 +272,9 @@ def validate_options(opts):
    # Retry sleep function
    def parse_sleep_func(expr):
        NUMBER_RE = r'\d+(?:\.\d+)?'
-        op, start, limit, step, *_ = tuple(re.fullmatch(
+        op, start, limit, step, *_ = (*tuple(re.fullmatch(
            rf'(?:(linear|exp)=)?({NUMBER_RE})(?::({NUMBER_RE})?)?(?::({NUMBER_RE}))?',
-            expr.strip()).groups()) + (None, None)
+            expr.strip()).groups()), None, None)

        if op == 'exp':
            return lambda n: min(float(start) * (float(step or 2) ** n), float(limit or 'inf'))
@@ -396,13 +404,13 @@ def validate_options(opts):
    # MetadataParser
    def metadataparser_actions(f):
        if isinstance(f, str):
-            cmd = '--parse-metadata %s' % compat_shlex_quote(f)
+            cmd = f'--parse-metadata {shell_quote(f)}'
            try:
                actions = [MetadataFromFieldPP.to_action(f)]
            except Exception as err:
                raise ValueError(f'{cmd} is invalid; {err}')
        else:
-            cmd = '--replace-in-metadata %s' % ' '.join(map(compat_shlex_quote, f))
+            cmd = f'--replace-in-metadata {shell_quote(f)}'
            actions = ((MetadataParserPP.Actions.REPLACE, x, *f[1:]) for x in f[0].split(','))

        for action in actions:
@@ -413,7 +421,7 @@ def validate_options(opts):
            yield action

    if opts.metafromtitle is not None:
-        opts.parse_metadata.setdefault('pre_process', []).append('title:%s' % opts.metafromtitle)
+        opts.parse_metadata.setdefault('pre_process', []).append(f'title:{opts.metafromtitle}')
    opts.parse_metadata = {
        k: list(itertools.chain(*map(metadataparser_actions, v)))
        for k, v in opts.parse_metadata.items()
@@ -466,7 +474,7 @@ def validate_options(opts):
            default_downloader = ed.get_basename()

    for policy in opts.color.values():
-        if policy not in ('always', 'auto', 'no_color', 'never'):
+        if policy not in ('always', 'auto', 'auto-tty', 'no_color', 'no_color-tty', 'never'):
            raise ValueError(f'"{policy}" is not a valid color policy')

    warnings, deprecation_warnings = [], []
@@ -592,6 +600,13 @@ def validate_options(opts):
    if opts.ap_username is not None and opts.ap_password is None:
        opts.ap_password = getpass.getpass('Type TV provider account password and press [Return]: ')

+    # compat option changes global state destructively; only allow from cli
+    if 'allow-unsafe-ext' in opts.compat_opts:
+        warnings.append(
+            'Using allow-unsafe-ext opens you up to potential attacks. '
+            'Use with great care!')
+        _UnsafeExtensionError.sanitize_extension = lambda x, prepend=False: x
+
    return warnings, deprecation_warnings


@@ -602,7 +617,7 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
        yield {
            'key': 'MetadataParser',
            'actions': actions,
-            'when': when
+            'when': when,
        }
    sponsorblock_query = opts.sponsorblock_mark | opts.sponsorblock_remove
    if sponsorblock_query:
@@ -610,19 +625,19 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
            'key': 'SponsorBlock',
            'categories': sponsorblock_query,
            'api': opts.sponsorblock_api,
-            'when': 'after_filter'
+            'when': 'after_filter',
        }
    if opts.convertsubtitles:
        yield {
            'key': 'FFmpegSubtitlesConvertor',
            'format': opts.convertsubtitles,
-            'when': 'before_dl'
+            'when': 'before_dl',
        }
    if opts.convertthumbnails:
        yield {
            'key': 'FFmpegThumbnailsConvertor',
            'format': opts.convertthumbnails,
-            'when': 'before_dl'
+            'when': 'before_dl',
        }
    if opts.extractaudio:
        yield {
@@ -647,7 +662,7 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
        yield {
            'key': 'FFmpegEmbedSubtitle',
            # already_have_subtitle = True prevents the file from being deleted after embedding
-            'already_have_subtitle': opts.writesubtitles and keep_subs
+            'already_have_subtitle': opts.writesubtitles and keep_subs,
        }
        if not opts.writeautomaticsub and keep_subs:
            opts.writesubtitles = True
@@ -660,7 +675,7 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
            'remove_sponsor_segments': opts.sponsorblock_remove,
            'remove_ranges': opts.remove_ranges,
            'sponsorblock_chapter_title': opts.sponsorblock_chapter_title,
-            'force_keyframes': opts.force_keyframes_at_cuts
+            'force_keyframes': opts.force_keyframes_at_cuts,
        }
    # FFmpegMetadataPP should be run after FFmpegVideoConvertorPP and
    # FFmpegExtractAudioPP as containers before conversion may not support
@@ -694,7 +709,7 @@ def get_postprocessors(opts):
        yield {
            'key': 'EmbedThumbnail',
            # already_have_thumbnail = True prevents the file from being deleted after embedding
-            'already_have_thumbnail': opts.writethumbnail
+            'already_have_thumbnail': opts.writethumbnail,
        }
        if not opts.writethumbnail:
            opts.writethumbnail = True
@@ -741,7 +756,7 @@ def parse_options(argv=None):
    print_only = bool(opts.forceprint) and all(k not in opts.forceprint for k in POSTPROCESS_WHEN[3:])
    any_getting = any(getattr(opts, k) for k in (
        'dumpjson', 'dump_single_json', 'getdescription', 'getduration', 'getfilename',
-        'getformat', 'getid', 'getthumbnail', 'gettitle', 'geturl'
+        'getformat', 'getid', 'getthumbnail', 'gettitle', 'geturl',
    ))
    if opts.quiet is None:
        opts.quiet = any_getting or opts.print_json or bool(opts.forceprint)
@@ -953,6 +968,10 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):

    parser, opts, all_urls, ydl_opts = parse_options(argv)

+    # HACK: Set the plugin dirs early on
+    # TODO(coletdjnz): remove when plugin globals system is implemented
+    Config._plugin_dirs = opts.plugin_dirs
+
    # Dump user agent
    if opts.dump_user_agent:
        ua = traverse_obj(opts.headers, 'User-Agent', casesense=False, default=std_headers['User-Agent'])
@@ -1002,7 +1021,7 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
            def make_row(target, handler):
                return [
                    join_nonempty(target.client.title(), target.version, delim='-') or '-',
-                    join_nonempty((target.os or "").title(), target.os_version, delim='-') or '-',
+                    join_nonempty((target.os or '').title(), target.os_version, delim='-') or '-',
                    handler,
                ]

@@ -1070,7 +1089,7 @@ def main(argv=None):
    _IN_CLI = True
    try:
        _exit(*variadic(_real_main(argv)))
-    except DownloadError:
+    except (CookieLoadError, DownloadError):
        _exit(1)
    except SameFileError as e:
        _exit(f'ERROR: {e}')
--- a/yt_dlp/aes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/aes.py
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def pad_block(block, padding_mode):
        raise NotImplementedError(f'Padding mode {padding_mode} is not implemented')

    if padding_mode == 'iso7816' and padding_size:
-        block = block + [0x80]  # NB: += mutates list
+        block = [*block, 0x80]  # NB: += mutates list
        padding_size -= 1

    return block + [PADDING_BYTE[padding_mode]] * padding_size
@@ -110,9 +110,7 @@ def aes_ecb_decrypt(data, key, iv=None):
    for i in range(block_count):
        block = data[i * BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES: (i + 1) * BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES]
        encrypted_data += aes_decrypt(block, expanded_key)
-    encrypted_data = encrypted_data[:len(data)]
-
-    return encrypted_data
+    return encrypted_data[:len(data)]


 def aes_ctr_decrypt(data, key, iv):
@@ -148,9 +146,7 @@ def aes_ctr_encrypt(data, key, iv):

        cipher_counter_block = aes_encrypt(counter_block, expanded_key)
        encrypted_data += xor(block, cipher_counter_block)
-    encrypted_data = encrypted_data[:len(data)]
-
-    return encrypted_data
+    return encrypted_data[:len(data)]


 def aes_cbc_decrypt(data, key, iv):
@@ -174,9 +170,7 @@ def aes_cbc_decrypt(data, key, iv):
        decrypted_block = aes_decrypt(block, expanded_key)
        decrypted_data += xor(decrypted_block, previous_cipher_block)
        previous_cipher_block = block
-    decrypted_data = decrypted_data[:len(data)]
-
-    return decrypted_data
+    return decrypted_data[:len(data)]


 def aes_cbc_encrypt(data, key, iv, *, padding_mode='pkcs7'):
@@ -224,7 +218,7 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
    hash_subkey = aes_encrypt([0] * BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES, key_expansion(key))

    if len(nonce) == 12:
-        j0 = nonce + [0, 0, 0, 1]
+        j0 = [*nonce, 0, 0, 0, 1]
    else:
        fill = (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - (len(nonce) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES + 8
        ghash_in = nonce + [0] * fill + bytes_to_intlist((8 * len(nonce)).to_bytes(8, 'big'))
@@ -242,11 +236,11 @@ def aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify(data, key, tag, nonce):
        data
        + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - len(data) + pad_len)        # pad
        + bytes_to_intlist((0 * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')           # length of associated data
-                           + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big')))  # length of data
+                           + ((len(data) * 8).to_bytes(8, 'big'))),  # length of data
    )

    if tag != aes_ctr_encrypt(s_tag, key, j0):
-        raise ValueError("Mismatching authentication tag")
+        raise ValueError('Mismatching authentication tag')

    return decrypted_data

@@ -288,9 +282,7 @@ def aes_decrypt(data, expanded_key):
            data = list(iter_mix_columns(data, MIX_COLUMN_MATRIX_INV))
        data = shift_rows_inv(data)
        data = sub_bytes_inv(data)
-    data = xor(data, expanded_key[:BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES])
-
-    return data
+    return xor(data, expanded_key[:BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES])


 def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
@@ -318,9 +310,7 @@ def aes_decrypt_text(data, password, key_size_bytes):
    cipher = data[NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES:]

    decrypted_data = aes_ctr_decrypt(cipher, key, nonce + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - NONCE_LENGTH_BYTES))
-    plaintext = intlist_to_bytes(decrypted_data)
-
-    return plaintext
+    return intlist_to_bytes(decrypted_data)


 RCON = (0x8d, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36)
@@ -428,9 +418,7 @@ def key_expansion(data):
        for _ in range(3 if key_size_bytes == 32 else 2 if key_size_bytes == 24 else 0):
            temp = data[-4:]
            data += xor(temp, data[-key_size_bytes: 4 - key_size_bytes])
-    data = data[:expanded_key_size_bytes]
-
-    return data
+    return data[:expanded_key_size_bytes]


 def iter_vector(iv):
@@ -511,7 +499,7 @@ def block_product(block_x, block_y):
    # NIST SP 800-38D, Algorithm 1

    if len(block_x) != BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES or len(block_y) != BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES:
-        raise ValueError("Length of blocks need to be %d bytes" % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
+        raise ValueError(f'Length of blocks need to be {BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES} bytes')

    block_r = [0xE1] + [0] * (BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES - 1)
    block_v = block_y[:]
@@ -534,7 +522,7 @@ def ghash(subkey, data):
    # NIST SP 800-38D, Algorithm 2

    if len(data) % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES:
-        raise ValueError("Length of data should be %d bytes" % BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
+        raise ValueError(f'Length of data should be {BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES} bytes')

    last_y = [0] * BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES
    for i in range(0, len(data), BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES):
--- a/yt_dlp/cache.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cache.py
@@ -81,10 +81,10 @@ class Cache:

        cachedir = self._get_root_dir()
        if not any((term in cachedir) for term in ('cache', 'tmp')):
-            raise Exception('Not removing directory %s - this does not look like a cache dir' % cachedir)
+            raise Exception(f'Not removing directory {cachedir} - this does not look like a cache dir')

        self._ydl.to_screen(
-            'Removing cache dir %s .' % cachedir, skip_eol=True)
+            f'Removing cache dir {cachedir} .', skip_eol=True)
        if os.path.exists(cachedir):
            self._ydl.to_screen('.', skip_eol=True)
            shutil.rmtree(cachedir)
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/_legacy.py
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ from .compat_utils import passthrough_module
 from ..dependencies import brotli as compat_brotli  # noqa: F401
 from ..dependencies import websockets as compat_websockets  # noqa: F401
 from ..dependencies.Cryptodome import AES as compat_pycrypto_AES  # noqa: F401
-from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError as compat_HTTPError  # noqa: F401
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError as compat_HTTPError

 passthrough_module(__name__, '...utils', ('WINDOWS_VT_MODE', 'windows_enable_vt_mode'))

--- a/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/functools.py
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ passthrough_module(__name__, 'functools')
 del passthrough_module

 try:
-    cache  # >= 3.9
+    _ = cache  # >= 3.9
 except NameError:
    cache = lru_cache(maxsize=None)
--- a/yt_dlp/compat/imghdr.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/compat/imghdr.py
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
-tests = {
-    'webp': lambda h: h[0:4] == b'RIFF' and h[8:] == b'WEBP',
-    'png': lambda h: h[:8] == b'\211PNG\r\n\032\n',
-    'jpeg': lambda h: h[6:10] in (b'JFIF', b'Exif'),
-    'gif': lambda h: h[:6] in (b'GIF87a', b'GIF89a'),
-}
-
-
 def what(file=None, h=None):
    """Detect format of image (Currently supports jpeg, png, webp, gif only)
-    Ref: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.10/Lib/imghdr.py
+    Ref: https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/3.11/Lib/imghdr.py
+    Ref: https://www.w3.org/Graphics/JPEG/itu-t81.pdf
    """
    if h is None:
        with open(file, 'rb') as f:
            h = f.read(12)
-    return next((type_ for type_, test in tests.items() if test(h)), None)
+
+    if h.startswith(b'RIFF') and h.startswith(b'WEBP', 8):
+        return 'webp'
+
+    if h.startswith(b'\x89PNG'):
+        return 'png'
+
+    if h.startswith(b'\xFF\xD8\xFF'):
+        return 'jpeg'
+
+    if h.startswith(b'GIF'):
+        return 'gif'
+
+    return None
--- a/yt_dlp/cookies.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/cookies.py
@@ -2,7 +2,9 @@ import base64
 import collections
 import contextlib
 import datetime as dt
+import functools
 import glob
+import hashlib
 import http.cookiejar
 import http.cookies
 import io
@@ -17,14 +19,12 @@ import tempfile
 import time
 import urllib.request
 from enum import Enum, auto
-from hashlib import pbkdf2_hmac

 from .aes import (
    aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes,
    aes_gcm_decrypt_and_verify_bytes,
    unpad_pkcs7,
 )
-from .compat import functools  # isort: split
 from .compat import compat_os_name
 from .dependencies import (
    _SECRETSTORAGE_UNAVAILABLE_REASON,
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ from .dependencies import (
 from .minicurses import MultilinePrinter, QuietMultilinePrinter
 from .utils import (
    DownloadError,
+    YoutubeDLError,
    Popen,
    error_to_str,
    expand_path,
@@ -86,24 +87,31 @@ def _create_progress_bar(logger):
    return printer


+class CookieLoadError(YoutubeDLError):
+    pass
+
+
 def load_cookies(cookie_file, browser_specification, ydl):
-    cookie_jars = []
-    if browser_specification is not None:
-        browser_name, profile, keyring, container = _parse_browser_specification(*browser_specification)
-        cookie_jars.append(
-            extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile, YDLLogger(ydl), keyring=keyring, container=container))
+    try:
+        cookie_jars = []
+        if browser_specification is not None:
+            browser_name, profile, keyring, container = _parse_browser_specification(*browser_specification)
+            cookie_jars.append(
+                extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile, YDLLogger(ydl), keyring=keyring, container=container))

-    if cookie_file is not None:
-        is_filename = is_path_like(cookie_file)
-        if is_filename:
-            cookie_file = expand_path(cookie_file)
+        if cookie_file is not None:
+            is_filename = is_path_like(cookie_file)
+            if is_filename:
+                cookie_file = expand_path(cookie_file)

-        jar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(cookie_file)
-        if not is_filename or os.access(cookie_file, os.R_OK):
-            jar.load()
-        cookie_jars.append(jar)
+            jar = YoutubeDLCookieJar(cookie_file)
+            if not is_filename or os.access(cookie_file, os.R_OK):
+                jar.load()
+            cookie_jars.append(jar)

-    return _merge_cookie_jars(cookie_jars)
+        return _merge_cookie_jars(cookie_jars)
+    except Exception:
+        raise CookieLoadError('failed to load cookies')


 def extract_cookies_from_browser(browser_name, profile=None, logger=YDLLogger(), *, keyring=None, container=None):
@@ -146,7 +154,7 @@ def _extract_firefox_cookies(profile, container, logger):
            identities = json.load(containers).get('identities', [])
        container_id = next((context.get('userContextId') for context in identities if container in (
            context.get('name'),
-            try_call(lambda: re.fullmatch(r'userContext([^\.]+)\.label', context['l10nID']).group())
+            try_call(lambda: re.fullmatch(r'userContext([^\.]+)\.label', context['l10nID']).group()),
        )), None)
        if not isinstance(container_id, int):
            raise ValueError(f'could not find firefox container "{container}" in containers.json')
@@ -263,7 +271,7 @@ def _get_chromium_based_browser_settings(browser_name):
    return {
        'browser_dir': browser_dir,
        'keyring_name': keyring_name,
-        'supports_profiles': browser_name not in browsers_without_profiles
+        'supports_profiles': browser_name not in browsers_without_profiles,
    }


@@ -740,40 +748,38 @@ def _get_linux_desktop_environment(env, logger):
    xdg_current_desktop = env.get('XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP', None)
    desktop_session = env.get('DESKTOP_SESSION', None)
    if xdg_current_desktop is not None:
-        xdg_current_desktop = xdg_current_desktop.split(':')[0].strip()
-
-        if xdg_current_desktop == 'Unity':
-            if desktop_session is not None and 'gnome-fallback' in desktop_session:
+        for part in map(str.strip, xdg_current_desktop.split(':')):
+            if part == 'Unity':
+                if desktop_session is not None and 'gnome-fallback' in desktop_session:
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
+                else:
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UNITY
+            elif part == 'Deepin':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.DEEPIN
+            elif part == 'GNOME':
                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
-            else:
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UNITY
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'Deepin':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.DEEPIN
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'GNOME':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.GNOME
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'X-Cinnamon':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.CINNAMON
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'KDE':
-            kde_version = env.get('KDE_SESSION_VERSION', None)
-            if kde_version == '5':
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE5
-            elif kde_version == '6':
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE6
-            elif kde_version == '4':
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
-            else:
-                logger.info(f'unknown KDE version: "{kde_version}". Assuming KDE4')
-                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'Pantheon':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.PANTHEON
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'XFCE':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'UKUI':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI
-        elif xdg_current_desktop == 'LXQt':
-            return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT
-        else:
-            logger.info(f'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP is set to an unknown value: "{xdg_current_desktop}"')
+            elif part == 'X-Cinnamon':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.CINNAMON
+            elif part == 'KDE':
+                kde_version = env.get('KDE_SESSION_VERSION', None)
+                if kde_version == '5':
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE5
+                elif kde_version == '6':
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE6
+                elif kde_version == '4':
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+                else:
+                    logger.info(f'unknown KDE version: "{kde_version}". Assuming KDE4')
+                    return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE4
+            elif part == 'Pantheon':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.PANTHEON
+            elif part == 'XFCE':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.XFCE
+            elif part == 'UKUI':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.UKUI
+            elif part == 'LXQt':
+                return _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT
+        logger.info(f'XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP is set to an unknown value: "{xdg_current_desktop}"')

    elif desktop_session is not None:
        if desktop_session == 'deepin':
@@ -826,7 +832,7 @@ def _choose_linux_keyring(logger):
    elif desktop_environment == _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE6:
        linux_keyring = _LinuxKeyring.KWALLET6
    elif desktop_environment in (
-        _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER
+        _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.KDE3, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.LXQT, _LinuxDesktopEnvironment.OTHER,
    ):
        linux_keyring = _LinuxKeyring.BASICTEXT
    else:
@@ -861,7 +867,7 @@ def _get_kwallet_network_wallet(keyring, logger):
            'dbus-send', '--session', '--print-reply=literal',
            f'--dest={service_name}',
            wallet_path,
-            'org.kde.KWallet.networkWallet'
+            'org.kde.KWallet.networkWallet',
        ], text=True, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)

        if returncode:
@@ -891,7 +897,7 @@ def _get_kwallet_password(browser_keyring_name, keyring, logger):
            'kwallet-query',
            '--read-password', f'{browser_keyring_name} Safe Storage',
            '--folder', f'{browser_keyring_name} Keys',
-            network_wallet
+            network_wallet,
        ], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL)

        if returncode:
@@ -931,9 +937,8 @@ def _get_gnome_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, logger):
        for item in col.get_all_items():
            if item.get_label() == f'{browser_keyring_name} Safe Storage':
                return item.get_secret()
-        else:
-            logger.error('failed to read from keyring')
-            return b''
+        logger.error('failed to read from keyring')
+        return b''


 def _get_linux_keyring_password(browser_keyring_name, keyring, logger):
@@ -1002,7 +1007,7 @@ def _get_windows_v10_key(browser_root, logger):


 def pbkdf2_sha1(password, salt, iterations, key_length):
-    return pbkdf2_hmac('sha1', password, salt, iterations, key_length)
+    return hashlib.pbkdf2_hmac('sha1', password, salt, iterations, key_length)


 def _decrypt_aes_cbc_multi(ciphertext, keys, logger, initialization_vector=b' ' * 16):
@@ -1053,11 +1058,12 @@ def _decrypt_windows_dpapi(ciphertext, logger):
        None,  # pvReserved: must be NULL
        None,  # pPromptStruct: information about prompts to display
        0,  # dwFlags
-        ctypes.byref(blob_out)  # pDataOut
+        ctypes.byref(blob_out),  # pDataOut
    )
    if not ret:
-        logger.warning('failed to decrypt with DPAPI', only_once=True)
-        return None
+        message = 'Failed to decrypt with DPAPI. See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10927  for more info'
+        logger.error(message)
+        raise DownloadError(message)  # force exit

    result = ctypes.string_at(blob_out.pbData, blob_out.cbData)
    ctypes.windll.kernel32.LocalFree(blob_out.pbData)
@@ -1129,24 +1135,24 @@ class LenientSimpleCookie(http.cookies.SimpleCookie):
    _LEGAL_VALUE_CHARS = _LEGAL_KEY_CHARS + re.escape('(),/<=>?@[]{}')

    _RESERVED = {
-        "expires",
-        "path",
-        "comment",
-        "domain",
-        "max-age",
-        "secure",
-        "httponly",
-        "version",
-        "samesite",
+        'expires',
+        'path',
+        'comment',
+        'domain',
+        'max-age',
+        'secure',
+        'httponly',
+        'version',
+        'samesite',
    }

-    _FLAGS = {"secure", "httponly"}
+    _FLAGS = {'secure', 'httponly'}

    # Added 'bad' group to catch the remaining value
-    _COOKIE_PATTERN = re.compile(r"""
+    _COOKIE_PATTERN = re.compile(r'''
        \s*                            # Optional whitespace at start of cookie
        (?P<key>                       # Start of group 'key'
-        [""" + _LEGAL_KEY_CHARS + r"""]+?# Any word of at least one letter
+        [''' + _LEGAL_KEY_CHARS + r''']+?# Any word of at least one letter
        )                              # End of group 'key'
        (                              # Optional group: there may not be a value.
        \s*=\s*                          # Equal Sign
@@ -1156,7 +1162,7 @@ class LenientSimpleCookie(http.cookies.SimpleCookie):
        |                                    # or
        \w{3},\s[\w\d\s-]{9,11}\s[\d:]{8}\sGMT # Special case for "expires" attr
        |                                    # or
-        [""" + _LEGAL_VALUE_CHARS + r"""]*     # Any word or empty string
+        [''' + _LEGAL_VALUE_CHARS + r''']*     # Any word or empty string
        )                                  # End of group 'val'
        |                                  # or
        (?P<bad>(?:\\;|[^;])*?)            # 'bad' group fallback for invalid values
@@ -1164,7 +1170,7 @@ class LenientSimpleCookie(http.cookies.SimpleCookie):
        )?                             # End of optional value group
        \s*                            # Any number of spaces.
        (\s+|;|$)                      # Ending either at space, semicolon, or EOS.
-        """, re.ASCII | re.VERBOSE)
+        ''', re.ASCII | re.VERBOSE)

    def load(self, data):
        # Workaround for https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4776
@@ -1260,14 +1266,14 @@ class YoutubeDLCookieJar(http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):
                # with no name, whereas http.cookiejar regards it as a
                # cookie with no value.
                name, value = '', name
-            f.write('%s\n' % '\t'.join((
+            f.write('{}\n'.format('\t'.join((
                cookie.domain,
                self._true_or_false(cookie.domain.startswith('.')),
                cookie.path,
                self._true_or_false(cookie.secure),
                str_or_none(cookie.expires, default=''),
-                name, value
-            )))
+                name, value,
+            ))))

    def save(self, filename=None, ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True):
        """
@@ -1306,10 +1312,10 @@ class YoutubeDLCookieJar(http.cookiejar.MozillaCookieJar):
                return line
            cookie_list = line.split('\t')
            if len(cookie_list) != self._ENTRY_LEN:
-                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError('invalid length %d' % len(cookie_list))
+                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError(f'invalid length {len(cookie_list)}')
            cookie = self._CookieFileEntry(*cookie_list)
            if cookie.expires_at and not cookie.expires_at.isdigit():
-                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError('invalid expires at %s' % cookie.expires_at)
+                raise http.cookiejar.LoadError(f'invalid expires at {cookie.expires_at}')
            return line

        cf = io.StringIO()
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ class FileDownloader:

    def report_resuming_byte(self, resume_len):
        """Report attempt to resume at given byte."""
-        self.to_screen('[download] Resuming download at byte %s' % resume_len)
+        self.to_screen(f'[download] Resuming download at byte {resume_len}')

    def report_retry(self, err, count, retries, frag_index=NO_DEFAULT, fatal=True):
        """Report retry"""
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import enum
+import functools
 import json
 import os
 import re
@@ -9,7 +10,6 @@ import time
 import uuid

 from .fragment import FragmentFD
-from ..compat import functools
 from ..networking import Request
 from ..postprocessor.ffmpeg import EXT_TO_OUT_FORMATS, FFmpegPostProcessor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
            # correct and expected termination thus all postprocessing
            # should take place
            retval = 0
-            self.to_screen('[%s] Interrupted by user' % self.get_basename())
+            self.to_screen(f'[{self.get_basename()}] Interrupted by user')
        finally:
            if self._cookies_tempfile:
                self.try_remove(self._cookies_tempfile)
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
        return all((
            not info_dict.get('to_stdout') or Features.TO_STDOUT in cls.SUPPORTED_FEATURES,
            '+' not in info_dict['protocol'] or Features.MULTIPLE_FORMATS in cls.SUPPORTED_FEATURES,
-            not traverse_obj(info_dict, ('hls_aes', ...), 'extra_param_to_segment_url'),
+            not traverse_obj(info_dict, ('hls_aes', ...), 'extra_param_to_segment_url', 'extra_param_to_key_url'),
            all(proto in cls.SUPPORTED_PROTOCOLS for proto in info_dict['protocol'].split('+')),
        ))

@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
        decrypt_fragment = self.decrypter(info_dict)
        dest, _ = self.sanitize_open(tmpfilename, 'wb')
        for frag_index, fragment in enumerate(info_dict['fragments']):
-            fragment_filename = '%s-Frag%d' % (tmpfilename, frag_index)
+            fragment_filename = f'{tmpfilename}-Frag{frag_index}'
            try:
                src, _ = self.sanitize_open(fragment_filename, 'rb')
            except OSError as err:
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ class ExternalFD(FragmentFD):
            if not self.params.get('keep_fragments', False):
                self.try_remove(encodeFilename(fragment_filename))
        dest.close()
-        self.try_remove(encodeFilename('%s.frag.urls' % tmpfilename))
+        self.try_remove(encodeFilename(f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls'))
        return 0

    def _call_process(self, cmd, info_dict):
@@ -336,11 +336,11 @@ class Aria2cFD(ExternalFD):

        if 'fragments' in info_dict:
            cmd += ['--uri-selector=inorder']
-            url_list_file = '%s.frag.urls' % tmpfilename
+            url_list_file = f'{tmpfilename}.frag.urls'
            url_list = []
            for frag_index, fragment in enumerate(info_dict['fragments']):
-                fragment_filename = '%s-Frag%d' % (os.path.basename(tmpfilename), frag_index)
-                url_list.append('%s\n\tout=%s' % (fragment['url'], self._aria2c_filename(fragment_filename)))
+                fragment_filename = f'{os.path.basename(tmpfilename)}-Frag{frag_index}'
+                url_list.append('{}\n\tout={}'.format(fragment['url'], self._aria2c_filename(fragment_filename)))
            stream, _ = self.sanitize_open(url_list_file, 'wb')
            stream.write('\n'.join(url_list).encode())
            stream.close()
@@ -357,7 +357,7 @@ class Aria2cFD(ExternalFD):
            'id': sanitycheck,
            'method': method,
            'params': [f'token:{rpc_secret}', *params],
-        }).encode('utf-8')
+        }).encode()
        request = Request(
            f'http://localhost:{rpc_port}/jsonrpc',
            data=d, headers={
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ class Aria2cFD(ExternalFD):
                    'total_bytes_estimate': total,
                    'eta': (total - downloaded) / (speed or 1),
                    'fragment_index': min(frag_count, len(completed) + 1) if fragmented else None,
-                    'elapsed': time.time() - started
+                    'elapsed': time.time() - started,
                })
                self._hook_progress(status, info_dict)

@@ -508,13 +508,13 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
        env = None
        proxy = self.params.get('proxy')
        if proxy:
-            if not re.match(r'^[\da-zA-Z]+://', proxy):
-                proxy = 'http://%s' % proxy
+            if not re.match(r'[\da-zA-Z]+://', proxy):
+                proxy = f'http://{proxy}'

            if proxy.startswith('socks'):
                self.report_warning(
-                    '%s does not support SOCKS proxies. Downloading is likely to fail. '
-                    'Consider adding --hls-prefer-native to your command.' % self.get_basename())
+                    f'{self.get_basename()} does not support SOCKS proxies. Downloading is likely to fail. '
+                    'Consider adding --hls-prefer-native to your command.')

            # Since December 2015 ffmpeg supports -http_proxy option (see
            # http://git.videolan.org/?p=ffmpeg.git;a=commit;h=b4eb1f29ebddd60c41a2eb39f5af701e38e0d3fd)
@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):

        selected_formats = info_dict.get('requested_formats') or [info_dict]
        for i, fmt in enumerate(selected_formats):
-            is_http = re.match(r'^https?://', fmt['url'])
+            is_http = re.match(r'https?://', fmt['url'])
            cookies = self.ydl.cookiejar.get_cookies_for_url(fmt['url']) if is_http else []
            if cookies:
                args.extend(['-cookies', ''.join(
@@ -575,7 +575,7 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):
            if end_time:
                args += ['-t', str(end_time - start_time)]

-            args += self._configuration_args((f'_i{i + 1}', '_i')) + ['-i', fmt['url']]
+            args += [*self._configuration_args((f'_i{i + 1}', '_i')), '-i', fmt['url']]

        if not (start_time or end_time) or not self.params.get('force_keyframes_at_cuts'):
            args += ['-c', 'copy']
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/f4m.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/f4m.py
@@ -67,12 +67,12 @@ class FlvReader(io.BytesIO):
        self.read_bytes(3)
        quality_entry_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        # QualityEntryCount
-        for i in range(quality_entry_count):
+        for _ in range(quality_entry_count):
            self.read_string()

        segment_run_count = self.read_unsigned_int()
        segments = []
-        for i in range(segment_run_count):
+        for _ in range(segment_run_count):
            first_segment = self.read_unsigned_int()
            fragments_per_segment = self.read_unsigned_int()
            segments.append((first_segment, fragments_per_segment))
@@ -91,12 +91,12 @@ class FlvReader(io.BytesIO):

        quality_entry_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        # QualitySegmentUrlModifiers
-        for i in range(quality_entry_count):
+        for _ in range(quality_entry_count):
            self.read_string()

        fragments_count = self.read_unsigned_int()
        fragments = []
-        for i in range(fragments_count):
+        for _ in range(fragments_count):
            first = self.read_unsigned_int()
            first_ts = self.read_unsigned_long_long()
            duration = self.read_unsigned_int()
@@ -135,11 +135,11 @@ class FlvReader(io.BytesIO):
        self.read_string()  # MovieIdentifier
        server_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        # ServerEntryTable
-        for i in range(server_count):
+        for _ in range(server_count):
            self.read_string()
        quality_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        # QualityEntryTable
-        for i in range(quality_count):
+        for _ in range(quality_count):
            self.read_string()
        # DrmData
        self.read_string()
@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ class FlvReader(io.BytesIO):

        segments_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        segments = []
-        for i in range(segments_count):
+        for _ in range(segments_count):
            box_size, box_type, box_data = self.read_box_info()
            assert box_type == b'asrt'
            segment = FlvReader(box_data).read_asrt()
            segments.append(segment)
        fragments_run_count = self.read_unsigned_char()
        fragments = []
-        for i in range(fragments_run_count):
+        for _ in range(fragments_run_count):
            box_size, box_type, box_data = self.read_box_info()
            assert box_type == b'afrt'
            fragments.append(FlvReader(box_data).read_afrt())
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ class F4mFD(FragmentFD):
    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
        man_url = info_dict['url']
        requested_bitrate = info_dict.get('tbr')
-        self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading f4m manifest' % self.FD_NAME)
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading f4m manifest')

        urlh = self.ydl.urlopen(self._prepare_url(info_dict, man_url))
        man_url = urlh.url
@@ -326,8 +326,8 @@ class F4mFD(FragmentFD):
            formats = sorted(formats, key=lambda f: f[0])
            rate, media = formats[-1]
        else:
-            rate, media = list(filter(
-                lambda f: int(f[0]) == requested_bitrate, formats))[0]
+            rate, media = next(filter(
+                lambda f: int(f[0]) == requested_bitrate, formats))

        # Prefer baseURL for relative URLs as per 11.2 of F4M 3.0 spec.
        man_base_url = get_base_url(doc) or man_url
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/fragment.py
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
                        '.ytdl file is corrupt' if is_corrupt else
                        'Inconsistent state of incomplete fragment download')
                    self.report_warning(
-                        '%s. Restarting from the beginning ...' % message)
+                        f'{message}. Restarting from the beginning ...')
                    ctx['fragment_index'] = resume_len = 0
                    if 'ytdl_corrupt' in ctx:
                        del ctx['ytdl_corrupt']
@@ -366,10 +366,10 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
        return decrypt_fragment

    def download_and_append_fragments_multiple(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        '''
+        """
        @params (ctx1, fragments1, info_dict1), (ctx2, fragments2, info_dict2), ...
                all args must be either tuple or list
-        '''
+        """
        interrupt_trigger = [True]
        max_progress = len(args)
        if max_progress == 1:
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ class FragmentFD(FileDownloader):
            finally:
                tpe.shutdown(wait=True)
        if not interrupt_trigger[0] and not is_live:
-            raise KeyboardInterrupt()
+            raise KeyboardInterrupt
        # we expect the user wants to stop and DO WANT the preceding postprocessors to run;
        # so returning a intermediate result here instead of KeyboardInterrupt on live
        return result
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/hls.py
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):

    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
        man_url = info_dict['url']
-        self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading m3u8 manifest' % self.FD_NAME)
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading m3u8 manifest')

        urlh = self.ydl.urlopen(self._prepare_url(info_dict, man_url))
        man_url = urlh.url
@@ -160,10 +160,12 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
        extra_state = ctx.setdefault('extra_state', {})

        format_index = info_dict.get('format_index')
-        extra_query = None
-        extra_param_to_segment_url = info_dict.get('extra_param_to_segment_url')
-        if extra_param_to_segment_url:
-            extra_query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(extra_param_to_segment_url)
+        extra_segment_query = None
+        if extra_param_to_segment_url := info_dict.get('extra_param_to_segment_url'):
+            extra_segment_query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(extra_param_to_segment_url)
+        extra_key_query = None
+        if extra_param_to_key_url := info_dict.get('extra_param_to_key_url'):
+            extra_key_query = urllib.parse.parse_qs(extra_param_to_key_url)
        i = 0
        media_sequence = 0
        decrypt_info = {'METHOD': 'NONE'}
@@ -190,8 +192,8 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                    if frag_index <= ctx['fragment_index']:
                        continue
                    frag_url = urljoin(man_url, line)
-                    if extra_query:
-                        frag_url = update_url_query(frag_url, extra_query)
+                    if extra_segment_query:
+                        frag_url = update_url_query(frag_url, extra_segment_query)

                    fragments.append({
                        'frag_index': frag_index,
@@ -212,8 +214,8 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                    frag_index += 1
                    map_info = parse_m3u8_attributes(line[11:])
                    frag_url = urljoin(man_url, map_info.get('URI'))
-                    if extra_query:
-                        frag_url = update_url_query(frag_url, extra_query)
+                    if extra_segment_query:
+                        frag_url = update_url_query(frag_url, extra_segment_query)

                    if map_info.get('BYTERANGE'):
                        splitted_byte_range = map_info.get('BYTERANGE').split('@')
@@ -228,7 +230,7 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                        'url': frag_url,
                        'decrypt_info': decrypt_info,
                        'byte_range': byte_range,
-                        'media_sequence': media_sequence
+                        'media_sequence': media_sequence,
                    })
                    media_sequence += 1

@@ -244,8 +246,10 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                            decrypt_info['KEY'] = external_aes_key
                        else:
                            decrypt_info['URI'] = urljoin(man_url, decrypt_info['URI'])
-                            if extra_query:
-                                decrypt_info['URI'] = update_url_query(decrypt_info['URI'], extra_query)
+                            if extra_key_query or extra_segment_query:
+                                # Fall back to extra_segment_query to key for backwards compat
+                                decrypt_info['URI'] = update_url_query(
+                                    decrypt_info['URI'], extra_key_query or extra_segment_query)
                            if decrypt_url != decrypt_info['URI']:
                                decrypt_info['KEY'] = None

@@ -350,9 +354,8 @@ class HlsFD(FragmentFD):
                            # XXX: this should probably be silent as well
                            # or verify that all segments contain the same data
                            self.report_warning(bug_reports_message(
-                                'Discarding a %s block found in the middle of the stream; '
-                                'if the subtitles display incorrectly,'
-                                % (type(block).__name__)))
+                                f'Discarding a {type(block).__name__} block found in the middle of the stream; '
+                                'if the subtitles display incorrectly,'))
                            continue
                    block.write_into(output)

--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/http.py
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
                                'downloaded_bytes': ctx.resume_len,
                                'total_bytes': ctx.resume_len,
                            }, info_dict)
-                            raise SucceedDownload()
+                            raise SucceedDownload
                        else:
                            # The length does not match, we start the download over
                            self.report_unable_to_resume()
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):

        def close_stream():
            if ctx.stream is not None:
-                if not ctx.tmpfilename == '-':
+                if ctx.tmpfilename != '-':
                    ctx.stream.close()
                ctx.stream = None

@@ -268,20 +268,20 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
                        ctx.filename = self.undo_temp_name(ctx.tmpfilename)
                        self.report_destination(ctx.filename)
                    except OSError as err:
-                        self.report_error('unable to open for writing: %s' % str(err))
+                        self.report_error(f'unable to open for writing: {err}')
                        return False

                    if self.params.get('xattr_set_filesize', False) and data_len is not None:
                        try:
                            write_xattr(ctx.tmpfilename, 'user.ytdl.filesize', str(data_len).encode())
                        except (XAttrUnavailableError, XAttrMetadataError) as err:
-                            self.report_error('unable to set filesize xattr: %s' % str(err))
+                            self.report_error(f'unable to set filesize xattr: {err}')

                try:
                    ctx.stream.write(data_block)
                except OSError as err:
                    self.to_stderr('\n')
-                    self.report_error('unable to write data: %s' % str(err))
+                    self.report_error(f'unable to write data: {err}')
                    return False

                # Apply rate limit
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):
                    elif now - ctx.throttle_start > 3:
                        if ctx.stream is not None and ctx.tmpfilename != '-':
                            ctx.stream.close()
-                        raise ThrottledDownload()
+                        raise ThrottledDownload
                elif speed:
                    ctx.throttle_start = None

@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ class HttpFD(FileDownloader):

            if not is_test and ctx.chunk_size and ctx.content_len is not None and byte_counter < ctx.content_len:
                ctx.resume_len = byte_counter
-                raise NextFragment()
+                raise NextFragment

            if ctx.tmpfilename != '-':
                ctx.stream.close()
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/ism.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/ism.py
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ class IsmFD(FragmentFD):
        skip_unavailable_fragments = self.params.get('skip_unavailable_fragments', True)

        frag_index = 0
-        for i, segment in enumerate(segments):
+        for segment in segments:
            frag_index += 1
            if frag_index <= ctx['fragment_index']:
                continue
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/mhtml.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/mhtml.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ from ..version import __version__ as YT_DLP_VERSION


 class MhtmlFD(FragmentFD):
-    _STYLESHEET = """\
+    _STYLESHEET = '''\
 html, body {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ body > figure > img {
    max-width: 100%;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 5em);
 }
-"""
+'''
    _STYLESHEET = re.sub(r'\s+', ' ', _STYLESHEET)
    _STYLESHEET = re.sub(r'\B \B|(?<=[\w\-]) (?=[^\w\-])|(?<=[^\w\-]) (?=[\w\-])', '', _STYLESHEET)

@@ -57,24 +57,19 @@ body > figure > img {
        )).decode('us-ascii') + '?='

    def _gen_cid(self, i, fragment, frag_boundary):
-        return '%u.%s@yt-dlp.github.io.invalid' % (i, frag_boundary)
+        return f'{i}.{frag_boundary}@yt-dlp.github.io.invalid'

    def _gen_stub(self, *, fragments, frag_boundary, title):
        output = io.StringIO()

-        output.write((
+        output.write(
            '<!DOCTYPE html>'
            '<html>'
            '<head>'
-            ''  '<meta name="generator" content="yt-dlp {version}">'
-            ''  '<title>{title}</title>'
-            ''  '<style>{styles}</style>'
-            '<body>'
-        ).format(
-            version=escapeHTML(YT_DLP_VERSION),
-            styles=self._STYLESHEET,
-            title=escapeHTML(title)
-        ))
+            f'<meta name="generator" content="yt-dlp {escapeHTML(YT_DLP_VERSION)}">'
+            f'<title>{escapeHTML(title)}</title>'
+            f'<style>{self._STYLESHEET}</style>'
+            '<body>')

        t0 = 0
        for i, frag in enumerate(fragments):
@@ -87,15 +82,12 @@ body > figure > img {
                    num=i + 1,
                    t0=srt_subtitles_timecode(t0),
                    t1=srt_subtitles_timecode(t1),
-                    duration=formatSeconds(frag['duration'], msec=True)
+                    duration=formatSeconds(frag['duration'], msec=True),
                ))
            except (KeyError, ValueError, TypeError):
                t1 = None
-                output.write((
-                    '<figcaption>Slide #{num}</figcaption>'
-                ).format(num=i + 1))
-            output.write('<img src="cid:{cid}">'.format(
-                cid=self._gen_cid(i, frag, frag_boundary)))
+                output.write(f'<figcaption>Slide #{i + 1}</figcaption>')
+            output.write(f'<img src="cid:{self._gen_cid(i, frag, frag_boundary)}">')
            output.write('</figure>')
            t0 = t1

@@ -126,31 +118,24 @@ body > figure > img {
            stub = self._gen_stub(
                fragments=fragments,
                frag_boundary=frag_boundary,
-                title=title
+                title=title,
            )

            ctx['dest_stream'].write((
                'MIME-Version: 1.0\r\n'
                'From: <nowhere@yt-dlp.github.io.invalid>\r\n'
                'To: <nowhere@yt-dlp.github.io.invalid>\r\n'
-                'Subject: {title}\r\n'
+                f'Subject: {self._escape_mime(title)}\r\n'
                'Content-type: multipart/related; '
-                ''  'boundary="{boundary}"; '
-                ''  'type="text/html"\r\n'
-                'X.yt-dlp.Origin: {origin}\r\n'
+                f'boundary="{frag_boundary}"; '
+                'type="text/html"\r\n'
+                f'X.yt-dlp.Origin: {origin}\r\n'
                '\r\n'
-                '--{boundary}\r\n'
+                f'--{frag_boundary}\r\n'
                'Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8\r\n'
-                'Content-Length: {length}\r\n'
+                f'Content-Length: {len(stub)}\r\n'
                '\r\n'
-                '{stub}\r\n'
-            ).format(
-                origin=origin,
-                boundary=frag_boundary,
-                length=len(stub),
-                title=self._escape_mime(title),
-                stub=stub
-            ).encode())
+                f'{stub}\r\n').encode())
            extra_state['header_written'] = True

        for i, fragment in enumerate(fragments):
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class NiconicoDmcFD(FileDownloader):
    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
        from ..extractor.niconico import NiconicoIE

-        self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading from DMC' % self.FD_NAME)
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading from DMC')
        ie = NiconicoIE(self.ydl)
        info_dict, heartbeat_info_dict = ie._get_heartbeat_info(info_dict)

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ class NiconicoDmcFD(FileDownloader):
            try:
                self.ydl.urlopen(request).read()
            except Exception:
-                self.to_screen('[%s] Heartbeat failed' % self.FD_NAME)
+                self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Heartbeat failed')

            with heartbeat_lock:
                if not download_complete:
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ class NiconicoLiveFD(FileDownloader):
                            'quality': live_quality,
                            'protocol': 'hls+fmp4',
                            'latency': live_latency,
-                            'chasePlay': False
+                            'chasePlay': False,
                        },
                        'room': {
                            'protocol': 'webSocket',
-                            'commentable': True
+                            'commentable': True,
                        },
                        'reconnect': True,
-                    }
+                    },
                }))
            else:
                ws = ws_extractor
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ class NiconicoLiveFD(FileDownloader):
                    elif self.ydl.params.get('verbose', False):
                        if len(recv) > 100:
                            recv = recv[:100] + '...'
-                        self.to_screen('[debug] Server said: %s' % recv)
+                        self.to_screen(f'[debug] Server said: {recv}')

        def ws_main():
            reconnect = False
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class NiconicoLiveFD(FileDownloader):
                    if ret is True:
                        return
                except BaseException as e:
-                    self.to_screen('[%s] %s: Connection error occured, reconnecting after 10 seconds: %s' % ('niconico:live', video_id, str_or_none(e)))
+                    self.to_screen('[{}] {}: Connection error occured, reconnecting after 10 seconds: {}'.format('niconico:live', video_id, str_or_none(e)))
                    time.sleep(10)
                    continue
                finally:
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/rtmp.py
@@ -180,9 +180,9 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):

        while retval in (RD_INCOMPLETE, RD_FAILED) and not test and not live:
            prevsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
-            self.to_screen('[rtmpdump] Downloaded %s bytes' % prevsize)
+            self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {prevsize} bytes')
            time.sleep(5.0)  # This seems to be needed
-            args = basic_args + ['--resume']
+            args = [*basic_args, '--resume']
            if retval == RD_FAILED:
                args += ['--skip', '1']
            args = [encodeArgument(a) for a in args]
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ class RtmpFD(FileDownloader):
                break
        if retval == RD_SUCCESS or (test and retval == RD_INCOMPLETE):
            fsize = os.path.getsize(encodeFilename(tmpfilename))
-            self.to_screen('[rtmpdump] Downloaded %s bytes' % fsize)
+            self.to_screen(f'[rtmpdump] Downloaded {fsize} bytes')
            self.try_rename(tmpfilename, filename)
            self._hook_progress({
                'downloaded_bytes': fsize,
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/youtube_live_chat.py
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ class YoutubeLiveChatFD(FragmentFD):

    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
        video_id = info_dict['video_id']
-        self.to_screen('[%s] Downloading live chat' % self.FD_NAME)
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading live chat')
        if not self.params.get('skip_download') and info_dict['protocol'] == 'youtube_live_chat':
            self.report_warning('Live chat download runs until the livestream ends. '
                                'If you wish to download the video simultaneously, run a separate yt-dlp instance')
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ from .aenetworks import (
 )
 from .aeonco import AeonCoIE
 from .afreecatv import (
+    AfreecaTVCatchStoryIE,
    AfreecaTVIE,
    AfreecaTVLiveIE,
    AfreecaTVUserIE,
@@ -216,6 +217,7 @@ from .bbc import (
    BBCCoUkIPlayerGroupIE,
    BBCCoUkPlaylistIE,
 )
+from .beacon import BeaconTvIE
 from .beatbump import (
    BeatBumpPlaylistIE,
    BeatBumpVideoIE,
@@ -361,7 +363,10 @@ from .ccc import (
 )
 from .ccma import CCMAIE
 from .cctv import CCTVIE
-from .cda import CDAIE
+from .cda import (
+    CDAIE,
+    CDAFolderIE,
+)
 from .cellebrite import CellebriteIE
 from .ceskatelevize import CeskaTelevizeIE
 from .cgtn import CGTNIE
@@ -503,7 +508,6 @@ from .dhm import DHMIE
 from .digitalconcerthall import DigitalConcertHallIE
 from .digiteka import DigitekaIE
 from .discogs import DiscogsReleasePlaylistIE
-from .discovery import DiscoveryIE
 from .disney import DisneyIE
 from .dispeak import DigitallySpeakingIE
 from .dlf import (
@@ -531,16 +535,12 @@ from .dplay import (
    DiscoveryPlusIndiaShowIE,
    DiscoveryPlusItalyIE,
    DiscoveryPlusItalyShowIE,
-    DIYNetworkIE,
    DPlayIE,
    FoodNetworkIE,
-    GlobalCyclingNetworkPlusIE,
    GoDiscoveryIE,
    HGTVDeIE,
    HGTVUsaIE,
    InvestigationDiscoveryIE,
-    MotorTrendIE,
-    MotorTrendOnDemandIE,
    ScienceChannelIE,
    TravelChannelIE,
 )
@@ -733,6 +733,7 @@ from .genius import (
    GeniusIE,
    GeniusLyricsIE,
 )
+from .germanupa import GermanupaIE
 from .getcourseru import (
    GetCourseRuIE,
    GetCourseRuPlayerIE,
@@ -779,6 +780,7 @@ from .gopro import GoProIE
 from .goshgay import GoshgayIE
 from .gotostage import GoToStageIE
 from .gputechconf import GPUTechConfIE
+from .graspop import GraspopIE
 from .gronkh import (
    GronkhFeedIE,
    GronkhIE,
@@ -825,7 +827,10 @@ from .hungama import (
    HungamaIE,
    HungamaSongIE,
 )
-from .huya import HuyaLiveIE
+from .huya import (
+    HuyaLiveIE,
+    HuyaVideoIE,
+)
 from .hypem import HypemIE
 from .hypergryph import MonsterSirenHypergryphMusicIE
 from .hytale import HytaleIE
@@ -942,11 +947,13 @@ from .khanacademy import (
    KhanAcademyUnitIE,
 )
 from .kick import (
+    KickClipIE,
    KickIE,
    KickVODIE,
 )
 from .kicker import KickerIE
 from .kickstarter import KickStarterIE
+from .kika import KikaIE
 from .kinja import KinjaEmbedIE
 from .kinopoisk import KinoPoiskIE
 from .kommunetv import KommunetvIE
@@ -969,6 +976,10 @@ from .la7 import (
    LA7PodcastEpisodeIE,
    LA7PodcastIE,
 )
+from .laracasts import (
+    LaracastsIE,
+    LaracastsPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .lastfm import (
    LastFMIE,
    LastFMPlaylistIE,
@@ -985,6 +996,7 @@ from .lcp import (
    LcpIE,
    LcpPlayIE,
 )
+from .learningonscreen import LearningOnScreenIE
 from .lecture2go import Lecture2GoIE
 from .lecturio import (
    LecturioCourseIE,
@@ -1033,10 +1045,7 @@ from .livestream import (
    LivestreamShortenerIE,
 )
 from .livestreamfails import LivestreamfailsIE
-from .lnkgo import (
-    LnkGoIE,
-    LnkIE,
-)
+from .lnk import LnkIE
 from .loom import (
    LoomFolderIE,
    LoomIE,
@@ -1113,12 +1122,15 @@ from .meipai import MeipaiIE
 from .melonvod import MelonVODIE
 from .metacritic import MetacriticIE
 from .mgtv import MGTVIE
-from .microsoftembed import MicrosoftEmbedIE
-from .microsoftstream import MicrosoftStreamIE
-from .microsoftvirtualacademy import (
-    MicrosoftVirtualAcademyCourseIE,
-    MicrosoftVirtualAcademyIE,
+from .microsoftembed import (
+    MicrosoftBuildIE,
+    MicrosoftEmbedIE,
+    MicrosoftLearnEpisodeIE,
+    MicrosoftLearnPlaylistIE,
+    MicrosoftLearnSessionIE,
+    MicrosoftMediusIE,
 )
+from .microsoftstream import MicrosoftStreamIE
 from .mildom import (
    MildomClipIE,
    MildomIE,
@@ -1158,6 +1170,7 @@ from .mlb import (
 )
 from .mlssoccer import MLSSoccerIE
 from .mocha import MochaVideoIE
+from .mojevideo import MojevideoIE
 from .mojvideo import MojvideoIE
 from .monstercat import MonstercatIE
 from .motherless import (
@@ -1603,6 +1616,7 @@ from .qqmusic import (
    QQMusicPlaylistIE,
    QQMusicSingerIE,
    QQMusicToplistIE,
+    QQMusicVideoIE,
 )
 from .r7 import (
    R7IE,
@@ -1755,7 +1769,10 @@ from .rtve import (
    RTVETelevisionIE,
 )
 from .rtvs import RTVSIE
-from .rtvslo import RTVSLOIE
+from .rtvslo import (
+    RTVSLOIE,
+    RTVSLOShowIE,
+)
 from .rudovideo import RudoVideoIE
 from .rule34video import Rule34VideoIE
 from .rumble import (
@@ -1800,6 +1817,7 @@ from .screen9 import Screen9IE
 from .screencast import ScreencastIE
 from .screencastify import ScreencastifyIE
 from .screencastomatic import ScreencastOMaticIE
+from .screenrec import ScreenRecIE
 from .scrippsnetworks import (
    ScrippsNetworksIE,
    ScrippsNetworksWatchIE,
@@ -1810,6 +1828,7 @@ from .scte import (
    SCTECourseIE,
 )
 from .sejmpl import SejmIE
+from .sen import SenIE
 from .senalcolombia import SenalColombiaLiveIE
 from .senategov import (
    SenateGovIE,
@@ -1865,6 +1884,7 @@ from .slideshare import SlideshareIE
 from .slideslive import SlidesLiveIE
 from .slutload import SlutloadIE
 from .smotrim import SmotrimIE
+from .snapchat import SnapchatSpotlightIE
 from .snotr import SnotrIE
 from .sohu import (
    SohuIE,
@@ -1925,6 +1945,10 @@ from .spreaker import (
 )
 from .springboardplatform import SpringboardPlatformIE
 from .sprout import SproutIE
+from .sproutvideo import (
+    SproutVideoIE,
+    VidsIoIE,
+)
 from .srgssr import (
    SRGSSRIE,
    SRGSSRPlayIE,
@@ -2157,10 +2181,7 @@ from .tv5unis import (
    TV5UnisVideoIE,
 )
 from .tv24ua import TV24UAVideoIE
-from .tva import (
-    TVAIE,
-    QubIE,
-)
+from .tva import TVAIE
 from .tvanouvelles import (
    TVANouvellesArticleIE,
    TVANouvellesIE,
@@ -2300,6 +2321,7 @@ from .videomore import (
    VideomoreVideoIE,
 )
 from .videopress import VideoPressIE
+from .vidflex import VidflexIE
 from .vidio import (
    VidioIE,
    VidioLiveIE,
@@ -2307,6 +2329,7 @@ from .vidio import (
 )
 from .vidlii import VidLiiIE
 from .vidly import VidlyIE
+from .vidyard import VidyardIE
 from .viewlift import (
    ViewLiftEmbedIE,
    ViewLiftIE,
@@ -2372,6 +2395,10 @@ from .vrt import (
    VrtNUIE,
 )
 from .vtm import VTMIE
+from .vtv import (
+    VTVIE,
+    VTVGoIE,
+)
 from .vuclip import VuClipIE
 from .vvvvid import (
    VVVVIDIE,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abc.py
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import re
 import time

 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_str
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    dict_get,
@@ -67,7 +66,7 @@ class ABCIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'WWI Centenary',
            'description': 'md5:c2379ec0ca84072e86b446e536954546',
-        }
+        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.abc.net.au/news/programs/the-world/2020-06-10/black-lives-matter-protests-spawn-support-for/12342074',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ class ABCIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Black Lives Matter protests spawn support for Papuans in Indonesia',
            'description': 'md5:2961a17dc53abc558589ccd0fb8edd6f',
-        }
+        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.abc.net.au/btn/newsbreak/btn-newsbreak-20200814/12560476',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -86,7 +85,7 @@ class ABCIE(InfoExtractor):
            'upload_date': '20200813',
            'uploader': 'Behind the News',
            'uploader_id': 'behindthenews',
-        }
+        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-06-25/wagner-boss-orders-troops-back-to-bases-to-avoid-bloodshed/102520540',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ class ABCIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'description': 'Wagner troops leave Rostov-on-Don and\xa0Yevgeny Prigozhin will move to Belarus under a deal brokered by Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko to end the mutiny.',
            'thumbnail': 'https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/0c170f5b57f0105c432f366c0e8e267b?impolicy=wcms_crop_resize&cropH=2813&cropW=5000&xPos=0&yPos=249&width=862&height=485',
-        }
+        },
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -126,7 +125,7 @@ class ABCIE(InfoExtractor):
                if mobj is None:
                    expired = self._html_search_regex(r'(?s)class="expired-(?:video|audio)".+?<span>(.+?)</span>', webpage, 'expired', None)
                    if expired:
-                        raise ExtractorError('%s said: %s' % (self.IE_NAME, expired), expected=True)
+                        raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {expired}', expected=True)
                    raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract video urls')

            urls_info = self._parse_json(
@@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ class ABCIE(InfoExtractor):
                'height': height,
                'tbr': bitrate,
                'filesize': int_or_none(url_info.get('filesize')),
-                'format_id': format_id
+                'format_id': format_id,
            })

        return {
@@ -288,13 +287,12 @@ class ABCIViewIE(InfoExtractor):
        stream = next(s for s in video_params['playlist'] if s.get('type') in ('program', 'livestream'))

        house_number = video_params.get('episodeHouseNumber') or video_id
-        path = '/auth/hls/sign?ts={0}&hn={1}&d=android-tablet'.format(
-            int(time.time()), house_number)
+        path = f'/auth/hls/sign?ts={int(time.time())}&hn={house_number}&d=android-tablet'
        sig = hmac.new(
            b'android.content.res.Resources',
-            path.encode('utf-8'), hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
+            path.encode(), hashlib.sha256).hexdigest()
        token = self._download_webpage(
-            'http://iview.abc.net.au{0}&sig={1}'.format(path, sig), video_id)
+            f'http://iview.abc.net.au{path}&sig={sig}', video_id)

        def tokenize_url(url, token):
            return update_url_query(url, {
@@ -303,7 +301,7 @@ class ABCIViewIE(InfoExtractor):

        for sd in ('1080', '720', 'sd', 'sd-low'):
            sd_url = try_get(
-                stream, lambda x: x['streams']['hls'][sd], compat_str)
+                stream, lambda x: x['streams']['hls'][sd], str)
            if not sd_url:
                continue
            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
@@ -358,7 +356,7 @@ class ABCIViewShowSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
            'description': 'md5:93119346c24a7c322d446d8eece430ff',
            'series': 'Upper Middle Bogan',
            'season': 'Series 1',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn\.iview\.abc\.net\.au/thumbs/.*\.jpg$'
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn\.iview\.abc\.net\.au/thumbs/.*\.jpg$',
        },
        'playlist_count': 8,
    }, {
@@ -386,20 +384,30 @@ class ABCIViewShowSeriesIE(InfoExtractor):
            'description': 'Satirist Mark Humphries brings his unique perspective on current political events for 7.30.',
            'series': '7.30 Mark Humphries Satire',
            'season': 'Episodes',
-            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn\.iview\.abc\.net\.au/thumbs/.*\.jpg$'
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn\.iview\.abc\.net\.au/thumbs/.*\.jpg$',
        },
        'playlist_count': 15,
+        'skip': 'This program is not currently available in ABC iview',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://iview.abc.net.au/show/inbestigators',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '175343-1',
+            'title': 'Series 1',
+            'description': 'md5:b9976935a6450e5b78ce2a940a755685',
+            'series': 'The Inbestigators',
+            'season': 'Series 1',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://cdn\.iview\.abc\.net\.au/thumbs/.+\.jpg',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 17,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        show_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, show_id)
-        webpage_data = self._search_regex(
-            r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=\s*[\'"](.+?)[\'"]\s*;',
-            webpage, 'initial state')
-        video_data = self._parse_json(
-            unescapeHTML(webpage_data).encode('utf-8').decode('unicode_escape'), show_id)
-        video_data = video_data['route']['pageData']['_embedded']
+        video_data = self._search_json(
+            r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=\s*[\'"]', webpage, 'initial state', show_id,
+            transform_source=lambda x: x.encode().decode('unicode_escape'),
+            end_pattern=r'[\'"]\s*;')['route']['pageData']['_embedded']

        highlight = try_get(video_data, lambda x: x['highlightVideo']['shareUrl'])
        if not self._yes_playlist(show_id, bool(highlight), video_label='highlight video'):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abcnews.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abcnews.py
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ class AbcNewsVideoIE(AMPIE):
        display_id = mobj.group('display_id')
        video_id = mobj.group('id')
        info_dict = self._extract_feed_info(
-            'http://abcnews.go.com/video/itemfeed?id=%s' % video_id)
+            f'http://abcnews.go.com/video/itemfeed?id={video_id}')
        info_dict.update({
            'id': video_id,
            'display_id': display_id,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abcotvs.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abcotvs.py
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_str
 from ..utils import (
    dict_get,
    int_or_none,
@@ -57,11 +56,11 @@ class ABCOTVSIE(InfoExtractor):
        data = self._download_json(
            'https://api.abcotvs.com/v2/content', display_id, query={
                'id': video_id,
-                'key': 'otv.web.%s.story' % station,
+                'key': f'otv.web.{station}.story',
                'station': station,
            })['data']
        video = try_get(data, lambda x: x['featuredMedia']['video'], dict) or data
-        video_id = compat_str(dict_get(video, ('id', 'publishedKey'), video_id))
+        video_id = str(dict_get(video, ('id', 'publishedKey'), video_id))
        title = video.get('title') or video['linkText']

        formats = []
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
@@ -9,12 +9,12 @@ import re
 import struct
 import time
 import urllib.parse
-import urllib.request
-import urllib.response
 import uuid

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..aes import aes_ecb_decrypt
+from ..networking import RequestHandler, Response
+from ..networking.exceptions import TransportError
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    OnDemandPagedList,
@@ -26,37 +26,36 @@ from ..utils import (
    traverse_obj,
    update_url_query,
 )
-from ..utils.networking import clean_proxies


-def add_opener(ydl, handler):  # FIXME: Create proper API in .networking
-    """Add a handler for opening URLs, like _download_webpage"""
-    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/urllib/request.py#L426
-    # https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/main/Lib/urllib/request.py#L605
-    rh = ydl._request_director.handlers['Urllib']
-    if 'abematv-license' in rh._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES:
-        return
-    headers = ydl.params['http_headers'].copy()
-    proxies = ydl.proxies.copy()
-    clean_proxies(proxies, headers)
-    opener = rh._get_instance(cookiejar=ydl.cookiejar, proxies=proxies)
-    assert isinstance(opener, urllib.request.OpenerDirector)
-    opener.add_handler(handler)
-    rh._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = (*rh._SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES, 'abematv-license')
+class AbemaLicenseRH(RequestHandler):
+    _SUPPORTED_URL_SCHEMES = ('abematv-license',)
+    _SUPPORTED_PROXY_SCHEMES = None
+    _SUPPORTED_FEATURES = None
+    RH_NAME = 'abematv_license'

+    _STRTABLE = '123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'
+    _HKEY = b'3AF0298C219469522A313570E8583005A642E73EDD58E3EA2FB7339D3DF1597E'

-class AbemaLicenseHandler(urllib.request.BaseHandler):
-    handler_order = 499
-    STRTABLE = '123456789ABCDEFGHJKLMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijkmnopqrstuvwxyz'
-    HKEY = b'3AF0298C219469522A313570E8583005A642E73EDD58E3EA2FB7339D3DF1597E'
-
-    def __init__(self, ie: 'AbemaTVIE'):
-        # the protocol that this should really handle is 'abematv-license://'
-        # abematv_license_open is just a placeholder for development purposes
-        # ref. https://github.com/python/cpython/blob/f4c03484da59049eb62a9bf7777b963e2267d187/Lib/urllib/request.py#L510
-        setattr(self, 'abematv-license_open', getattr(self, 'abematv_license_open', None))
+    def __init__(self, *, ie: 'AbemaTVIE', **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.ie = ie

+    def _send(self, request):
+        url = request.url
+        ticket = urllib.parse.urlparse(url).netloc
+
+        try:
+            response_data = self._get_videokey_from_ticket(ticket)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            raise TransportError(cause=e.cause) from e
+        except (IndexError, KeyError, TypeError) as e:
+            raise TransportError(cause=repr(e)) from e
+
+        return Response(
+            io.BytesIO(response_data), url,
+            headers={'Content-Length': str(len(response_data))})
+
    def _get_videokey_from_ticket(self, ticket):
        to_show = self.ie.get_param('verbose', False)
        media_token = self.ie._get_media_token(to_show=to_show)
@@ -66,31 +65,23 @@ class AbemaLicenseHandler(urllib.request.BaseHandler):
            query={'t': media_token},
            data=json.dumps({
                'kv': 'a',
-                'lt': ticket
-            }).encode('utf-8'),
+                'lt': ticket,
+            }).encode(),
            headers={
                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            })

-        res = decode_base_n(license_response['k'], table=self.STRTABLE)
+        res = decode_base_n(license_response['k'], table=self._STRTABLE)
        encvideokey = bytes_to_intlist(struct.pack('>QQ', res >> 64, res & 0xffffffffffffffff))

        h = hmac.new(
-            binascii.unhexlify(self.HKEY),
-            (license_response['cid'] + self.ie._DEVICE_ID).encode('utf-8'),
+            binascii.unhexlify(self._HKEY),
+            (license_response['cid'] + self.ie._DEVICE_ID).encode(),
            digestmod=hashlib.sha256)
        enckey = bytes_to_intlist(h.digest())

        return intlist_to_bytes(aes_ecb_decrypt(encvideokey, enckey))

-    def abematv_license_open(self, url):
-        url = url.get_full_url() if isinstance(url, urllib.request.Request) else url
-        ticket = urllib.parse.urlparse(url).netloc
-        response_data = self._get_videokey_from_ticket(ticket)
-        return urllib.response.addinfourl(io.BytesIO(response_data), headers={
-            'Content-Length': str(len(response_data)),
-        }, url=url, code=200)
-

 class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'abematv'
@@ -103,11 +94,11 @@ class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):

    @classmethod
    def _generate_aks(cls, deviceid):
-        deviceid = deviceid.encode('utf-8')
+        deviceid = deviceid.encode()
        # add 1 hour and then drop minute and secs
        ts_1hour = int((time_seconds() // 3600 + 1) * 3600)
        time_struct = time.gmtime(ts_1hour)
-        ts_1hour_str = str(ts_1hour).encode('utf-8')
+        ts_1hour_str = str(ts_1hour).encode()

        tmp = None

@@ -119,7 +110,7 @@ class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):

        def mix_tmp(count):
            nonlocal tmp
-            for i in range(count):
+            for _ in range(count):
                mix_once(tmp)

        def mix_twist(nonce):
@@ -139,7 +130,7 @@ class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
        if self._USERTOKEN:
            return self._USERTOKEN

-        add_opener(self._downloader, AbemaLicenseHandler(self))
+        self._downloader._request_director.add_handler(AbemaLicenseRH(ie=self, logger=None))

        username, _ = self._get_login_info()
        auth_cache = username and self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, username, min_ver='2024.01.19')
@@ -160,7 +151,7 @@ class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
            data=json.dumps({
                'deviceId': self._DEVICE_ID,
                'applicationKeySecret': aks,
-            }).encode('utf-8'),
+            }).encode(),
            headers={
                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            })
@@ -180,7 +171,7 @@ class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                'osLang': 'ja_JP',
                'osTimezone': 'Asia/Tokyo',
                'appId': 'tv.abema',
-                'appVersion': '3.27.1'
+                'appVersion': '3.27.1',
            }, headers={
                'Authorization': f'bearer {self._get_device_token()}',
            })['token']
@@ -202,8 +193,8 @@ class AbemaTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
            f'https://api.abema.io/v1/auth/{ep}', None, note='Logging in',
            data=json.dumps({
                method: username,
-                'password': password
-            }).encode('utf-8'), headers={
+                'password': password,
+            }).encode(), headers={
                'Authorization': f'bearer {self._get_device_token()}',
                'Origin': 'https://abema.tv',
                'Referer': 'https://abema.tv/',
@@ -344,7 +335,7 @@ class AbemaTVIE(AbemaTVBaseIE):

        description = self._html_search_regex(
            (r'<p\s+class="com-video-EpisodeDetailsBlock__content"><span\s+class=".+?">(.+?)</span></p><div',
-             r'<span\s+class=".+?SlotSummary.+?">(.+?)</span></div><div',),
+             r'<span\s+class=".+?SlotSummary.+?">(.+?)</span></div><div'),
            webpage, 'description', default=None, group=1)
        if not description:
            og_desc = self._html_search_meta(
@@ -368,6 +359,7 @@ class AbemaTVIE(AbemaTVBaseIE):
            info['episode_number'] = epis if epis < 2000 else None

        is_live, m3u8_url = False, None
+        availability = 'public'
        if video_type == 'now-on-air':
            is_live = True
            channel_url = 'https://api.abema.io/v1/channels'
@@ -385,10 +377,10 @@ class AbemaTVIE(AbemaTVBaseIE):
                f'https://api.abema.io/v1/video/programs/{video_id}', video_id,
                note='Checking playability',
                headers=headers)
-            ondemand_types = traverse_obj(api_response, ('terms', ..., 'onDemandType'))
-            if 3 not in ondemand_types:
+            if not traverse_obj(api_response, ('label', 'free', {bool})):
                # cannot acquire decryption key for these streams
                self.report_warning('This is a premium-only stream')
+                availability = 'premium_only'
            info.update(traverse_obj(api_response, {
                'series': ('series', 'title'),
                'season': ('season', 'name'),
@@ -408,6 +400,7 @@ class AbemaTVIE(AbemaTVBaseIE):
                headers=headers)
            if not traverse_obj(api_response, ('slot', 'flags', 'timeshiftFree'), default=False):
                self.report_warning('This is a premium-only stream')
+                availability = 'premium_only'

            m3u8_url = f'https://vod-abematv.akamaized.net/slot/{video_id}/playlist.m3u8'
        else:
@@ -425,6 +418,7 @@ class AbemaTVIE(AbemaTVBaseIE):
            'description': description,
            'formats': formats,
            'is_live': is_live,
+            'availability': availability,
        })
        return info

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/academicearth.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor


 class AcademicEarthCourseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'^https?://(?:www\.)?academicearth\.org/playlists/(?P<id>[^?#/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?academicearth\.org/playlists/(?P<id>[^?#/]+)'
    IE_NAME = 'AcademicEarth:Course'
    _TEST = {
        'url': 'http://academicearth.org/playlists/laws-of-nature/',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/acast.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class ACastIE(ACastBaseIE):
            'display_id': '2.raggarmordet-rosterurdetforflutna',
            'season_number': 4,
            'season': 'Season 4',
-        }
+        },
    }, {
        'url': 'http://embed.acast.com/adambuxton/ep.12-adam-joeschristmaspodcast2015',
        'only_matching': True,
@@ -93,13 +93,13 @@ class ACastIE(ACastBaseIE):
            'series': 'Democracy Sausage with Mark Kenny',
            'timestamp': 1684826362,
            'description': 'md5:feabe1fc5004c78ee59c84a46bf4ba16',
-        }
+        },
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        channel, display_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
        episode = self._call_api(
-            '%s/episodes/%s' % (channel, display_id),
+            f'{channel}/episodes/{display_id}',
            display_id, {'showInfo': 'true'})
        return self._extract_episode(
            episode, self._extract_show_info(episode.get('show') or {}))
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ class ACastChannelIE(ACastBaseIE):

    @classmethod
    def suitable(cls, url):
-        return False if ACastIE.suitable(url) else super(ACastChannelIE, cls).suitable(url)
+        return False if ACastIE.suitable(url) else super().suitable(url)

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        show_slug = self._match_id(url)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/acfun.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/acfun.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ class AcFunVideoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                    'width': int_or_none(video.get('width')),
                    'height': int_or_none(video.get('height')),
                    'tbr': float_or_none(video.get('avgBitrate')),
-                    **parse_codecs(video.get('codecs', ''))
+                    **parse_codecs(video.get('codecs', '')),
                })

        return {
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ class AcFunVideoIE(AcFunVideoBaseIE):
            'comment_count': int,
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(jpg|jpeg)',
            'description': 'md5:67583aaf3a0f933bd606bc8a2d3ebb17',
-        }
+        },
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adn.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import time

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..aes import aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes, unpad_pkcs7
-from ..compat import compat_b64decode
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
@@ -17,6 +16,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    float_or_none,
    int_or_none,
    intlist_to_bytes,
+    join_nonempty,
    long_to_bytes,
    parse_iso8601,
    pkcs1pad,
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ class ADNBaseIE(InfoExtractor):


 class ADNIE(ADNBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:animation|anime)digitalnetwork\.(?P<lang>fr|de)/video/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?animationdigitalnetwork\.com/(?:(?P<lang>de)/)?video/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.fr/video/fruits-basket/9841-episode-1-a-ce-soir',
+        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com/video/558-fruits-basket/9841-episode-1-a-ce-soir',
        'md5': '1c9ef066ceb302c86f80c2b371615261',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '9841',
@@ -71,10 +71,7 @@ class ADNIE(ADNBaseIE):
        },
        'skip': 'Only available in French and German speaking Europe',
    }, {
-        'url': 'http://animedigitalnetwork.fr/video/blue-exorcist-kyoto-saga/7778-episode-1-debut-des-hostilites',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.de/video/the-eminence-in-shadow/23550-folge-1',
+        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com/de/video/973-the-eminence-in-shadow/23550-folge-1',
        'md5': '5c5651bf5791fa6fcd7906012b9d94e8',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '23550',
@@ -111,9 +108,9 @@ class ADNIE(ADNBaseIE):

        # http://animationdigitalnetwork.fr/components/com_vodvideo/videojs/adn-vjs.min.js
        dec_subtitles = unpad_pkcs7(aes_cbc_decrypt_bytes(
-            compat_b64decode(enc_subtitles[24:]),
+            base64.b64decode(enc_subtitles[24:]),
            binascii.unhexlify(self._K + '7fac1178830cfe0c'),
-            compat_b64decode(enc_subtitles[:24])))
+            base64.b64decode(enc_subtitles[:24])))
        subtitles_json = self._parse_json(dec_subtitles.decode(), None, fatal=False)
        if not subtitles_json:
            return None
@@ -136,7 +133,7 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
                if start is None or end is None or text is None:
                    continue
                alignment = self._POS_ALIGN_MAP.get(position_align, 2) + self._LINE_ALIGN_MAP.get(line_align, 0)
-                ssa += os.linesep + 'Dialogue: Marked=0,%s,%s,Default,,0,0,0,,%s%s' % (
+                ssa += os.linesep + 'Dialogue: Marked=0,{},{},Default,,0,0,0,,{}{}'.format(
                    ass_subtitles_timecode(start),
                    ass_subtitles_timecode(end),
                    '{\\a%d}' % alignment if alignment != 2 else '',
@@ -167,7 +164,7 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
                    'username': username,
                })) or {}).get('accessToken')
            if access_token:
-                self._HEADERS = {'authorization': 'Bearer ' + access_token}
+                self._HEADERS['Authorization'] = f'Bearer {access_token}'
        except ExtractorError as e:
            message = None
            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
@@ -178,7 +175,8 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        lang, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
-        video_base_url = self._PLAYER_BASE_URL + 'video/%s/' % video_id
+        self._HEADERS['X-Target-Distribution'] = lang or 'fr'
+        video_base_url = self._PLAYER_BASE_URL + f'video/{video_id}/'
        player = self._download_json(
            video_base_url + 'configuration', video_id,
            'Downloading player config JSON metadata',
@@ -218,13 +216,12 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
                links_data = self._download_json(
                    links_url, video_id, 'Downloading links JSON metadata', headers={
                        'X-Player-Token': authorization,
-                        'X-Target-Distribution': lang,
-                        **self._HEADERS
+                        **self._HEADERS,
                    }, query={
                        'freeWithAds': 'true',
                        'adaptive': 'false',
                        'withMetadata': 'true',
-                        'source': 'Web'
+                        'source': 'Web',
                    })
                break
            except ExtractorError as e:
@@ -256,7 +253,8 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
            for quality, load_balancer_url in qualities.items():
                load_balancer_data = self._download_json(
                    load_balancer_url, video_id,
-                    'Downloading %s %s JSON metadata' % (format_id, quality),
+                    f'Downloading {format_id} {quality} JSON metadata',
+                    headers=self._HEADERS,
                    fatal=False) or {}
                m3u8_url = load_balancer_data.get('location')
                if not m3u8_url:
@@ -276,8 +274,8 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''
            self.raise_login_required('This video requires a subscription', method='password')

        video = (self._download_json(
-            self._API_BASE_URL + 'video/%s' % video_id, video_id,
-            'Downloading additional video metadata', fatal=False) or {}).get('video') or {}
+            self._API_BASE_URL + f'video/{video_id}', video_id,
+            'Downloading additional video metadata', fatal=False, headers=self._HEADERS) or {}).get('video') or {}
        show = video.get('show') or {}

        return {
@@ -299,9 +297,9 @@ Format: Marked,Start,End,Style,Name,MarginL,MarginR,MarginV,Effect,Text'''


 class ADNSeasonIE(ADNBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?(?:animation|anime)digitalnetwork\.(?P<lang>fr|de)/video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)/?(?:$|[#?])'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?animationdigitalnetwork\.com/(?:(?P<lang>de)/)?video/(?P<id>\d+)[^/?#]*/?(?:$|[#?])'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.fr/video/tokyo-mew-mew-new',
+        'url': 'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com/video/911-tokyo-mew-mew-new',
        'playlist_count': 12,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '911',
@@ -312,24 +310,22 @@ class ADNSeasonIE(ADNBaseIE):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        lang, video_show_slug = self._match_valid_url(url).group('lang', 'id')
+        self._HEADERS['X-Target-Distribution'] = lang or 'fr'
        show = self._download_json(
            f'{self._API_BASE_URL}show/{video_show_slug}/', video_show_slug,
            'Downloading show JSON metadata', headers=self._HEADERS)['show']
        show_id = str(show['id'])
        episodes = self._download_json(
            f'{self._API_BASE_URL}video/show/{show_id}', video_show_slug,
-            'Downloading episode list', headers={
-                'X-Target-Distribution': lang,
-                **self._HEADERS
-            }, query={
+            'Downloading episode list', headers=self._HEADERS, query={
                'order': 'asc',
                'limit': '-1',
            })

        def entries():
            for episode_id in traverse_obj(episodes, ('videos', ..., 'id', {str_or_none})):
-                yield self.url_result(
-                    f'https://animationdigitalnetwork.{lang}/video/{video_show_slug}/{episode_id}',
-                    ADNIE, episode_id)
+                yield self.url_result(join_nonempty(
+                    'https://animationdigitalnetwork.com', lang, 'video',
+                    video_show_slug, episode_id, delim='/'), ADNIE, episode_id)

        return self.playlist_result(entries(), show_id, show.get('title'))
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobeconnect.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobeconnect.py
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import (
-    compat_parse_qs,
-    compat_urlparse,
-)


 class AdobeConnectIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -12,13 +10,13 @@ class AdobeConnectIE(InfoExtractor):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
        title = self._html_extract_title(webpage)
-        qs = compat_parse_qs(self._search_regex(r"swfUrl\s*=\s*'([^']+)'", webpage, 'swf url').split('?')[1])
+        qs = urllib.parse.parse_qs(self._search_regex(r"swfUrl\s*=\s*'([^']+)'", webpage, 'swf url').split('?')[1])
        is_live = qs.get('isLive', ['false'])[0] == 'true'
        formats = []
        for con_string in qs['conStrings'][0].split(','):
            formats.append({
                'format_id': con_string.split('://')[0],
-                'app': compat_urlparse.quote('?' + con_string.split('?')[1] + 'flvplayerapp/' + qs['appInstance'][0]),
+                'app': urllib.parse.quote('?' + con_string.split('?')[1] + 'flvplayerapp/' + qs['appInstance'][0]),
                'ext': 'flv',
                'play_path': 'mp4:' + qs['streamName'][0],
                'rtmp_conn': 'S:' + qs['ticket'][0],
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobepass.py
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adobetv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adobetv.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ import functools
 import re

 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..compat import compat_str
 from ..utils import (
    ISO639Utils,
    OnDemandPagedList,
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class AdobeTVBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
        return subtitles

    def _parse_video_data(self, video_data):
-        video_id = compat_str(video_data['id'])
+        video_id = str(video_data['id'])
        title = video_data['title']

        s3_extracted = False
@@ -151,7 +150,7 @@ class AdobeTVPlaylistBaseIE(AdobeTVBaseIE):
        page += 1
        query['page'] = page
        for element_data in self._call_api(
-                self._RESOURCE, display_id, query, 'Download Page %d' % page):
+                self._RESOURCE, display_id, query, f'Download Page {page}'):
            yield self._process_data(element_data)

    def _extract_playlist_entries(self, display_id, query):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/adultswim.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/adultswim.py
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ class AdultSwimIE(TurnerBaseIE):
  getShowBySlug(slug:"%s") {
    %%s
  }
-}''' % show_path
+}''' % show_path  # noqa: UP031
        if episode_path:
            query = query % '''title
    getVideoBySlug(slug:"%s") {
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ class AdultSwimIE(TurnerBaseIE):
            episode_title = title = video_data['title']
            series = show_data.get('title')
            if series:
-                title = '%s - %s' % (series, title)
+                title = f'{series} - {title}'
            info = {
                'id': video_id,
                'title': title,
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class AdultSwimIE(TurnerBaseIE):
                if not slug:
                    continue
                entries.append(self.url_result(
-                    'http://adultswim.com/videos/%s/%s' % (show_path, slug),
+                    f'http://adultswim.com/videos/{show_path}/{slug}',
                    'AdultSwim', video.get('_id')))
            return self.playlist_result(
                entries, show_path, show_data.get('title'),
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More