Release 2025.03.21

Created by: bashonly :ci skip all
[cleanup] Misc (#12526 )
2026-01-13 02:11:18 +00:00 · 2025-03-21 23:49:09 +00:00 · 2025-03-21 23:41:56 +00:00 · 2025-03-21 23:24:13 +00:00 · 2025-03-21 23:19:36 +00:00 · 2025-03-21 23:16:30 +00:00
101 changed files with 7265 additions and 5245 deletions
--- a/15
+++ b/15
@@ -742,3 +742,18 @@ lfavole
 mp3butcher
 slipinthedove
 YoshiTabletopGamer
+Arc8ne
+benfaerber
+chrisellsworth
+fries1234
+Kenshin9977
+MichaelDeBoey
+msikma
+pedro
+pferreir
+red-acid
+refack
+rysson
+somini
+thedenv
+vallovic
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,79 @@
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->

+### 2025.03.21
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Fix external downloader availability when using `--ffmpeg-location`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9f77e04c76e36e1cbbf49bc9eb385fa6ef804b67) ([#12318](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12318)) by [Kenshin9977](https://github.com/Kenshin9977)
+- [Load plugins on demand](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4445f37a7a66b248dbd8376c43137e6e441f138e) ([#11305](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11305)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [pukkandan](https://github.com/pukkandan) (With fixes in [c034d65](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c034d655487be668222ef9476a16f374584e49a7))
+- [Support emitting ConEmu progress codes](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f7a1f2d8132967a62b0f6d5665c6d2dde2d42c09) ([#10649](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10649)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **azmedien**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/26a502fc727d0e91b2db6bf4a112823bcc672e85) ([#12375](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12375)) by [goggle](https://github.com/goggle)
+- **bilibiliplaylist**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f5fb2229e66cf59d5bf16065bc041b42a28354a0) ([#12690](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12690)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **bunnycdn**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3a1583ca75fb523cbad0e5e174387ea7b477d175) ([#11586](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11586)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **canalsurmas**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/01a8be4c23f186329d85f9c78db34a55f3294ac5) ([#12497](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12497)) by [Arc8ne](https://github.com/Arc8ne)
+- **cda**: [Fix login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/be0d819e1103195043f6743650781f0d4d343f6d) ([#12552](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12552)) by [rysson](https://github.com/rysson)
+- **cultureunplugged**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3042afb5fe342d3a00de76704cd7de611acc350e) ([#12486](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12486)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **dailymotion**: [Improve embed detection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ad60137c141efa5023fbc0ac8579eaefe8b3d8cc) ([#12464](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12464)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **gem.cbc.ca**: [Fix login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/eb1417786a3027b1e7290ec37ef6aaece50ebed0) ([#12414](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12414)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **globo**: [Fix subtitles extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0e1697232fcbba7551f983fd1ba93bb445cbb08b) ([#12270](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12270)) by [pedro](https://github.com/pedro)
+- **instagram**
+    - [Add `app_id` extractor-arg](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a90641c8363fa0c10800b36eb6b01ee22d3a9409) ([#12359](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12359)) by [chrisellsworth](https://github.com/chrisellsworth)
+    - [Fix extraction of older private posts](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a59abe0636dc49b22a67246afe35613571b86f05) ([#12451](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12451)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Improve error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/480125560a3b9972d29ae0da850aba8109e6bd41) ([#12410](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12410)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - story: [Support `--no-playlist`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/65c3c58c0a67463a150920203cec929045c95a24) ([#12397](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12397)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **jamendo**: [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/89a68c4857ddbaf937ff22f12648baaf6b5af840) ([#12622](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12622)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [JChris246](https://github.com/JChris246)
+- **ketnet**: [Remove extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bbada3ec0779422cde34f1ce3dcf595da463b493) ([#12628](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12628)) by [MichaelDeBoey](https://github.com/MichaelDeBoey)
+- **lbry**
+    - [Make m3u8 format extraction non-fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9807181cfbf87bfa732f415c30412bdbd77cbf81) ([#12463](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12463)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Raise appropriate error for non-media files](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7126b472601814b7fd8c9de02069e8fff1764891) ([#12462](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12462)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **loco**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/983095485c731240aae27c950cb8c24a50827b56) ([#12667](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12667)) by [DTrombett](https://github.com/DTrombett)
+- **magellantv**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/172d5fcd778bf2605db7647ebc56b29ed18d24ac) ([#12505](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12505)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **mitele**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7223d29569a48a35ad132a508c115973866838d3) ([#12689](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12689)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **msn**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4815dac131d42c51e12c1d05232db0bbbf607329) ([#12513](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12513)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [thedenv](https://github.com/thedenv)
+- **n1**: [Fix extraction of newer articles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d70abe4de401175cbbaaa36017806f16b2df9af) ([#12514](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12514)) by [u-spec-png](https://github.com/u-spec-png)
+- **nbcstations**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ebac65aa9e0bf9a97c24d00f7977900d2577364b) ([#12534](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12534)) by [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+- **niconico**
+    - [Fix format sorting](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7508e34f203e97389f1d04db92140b13401dd724) ([#12442](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12442)) by [xpadev-net](https://github.com/xpadev-net)
+    - live: [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c2e6e1d5f77f3b720a6266f2869eb750d20e5dc1) ([#12419](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12419)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **openrec**: [Fix `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/17504f253564cfad86244de2b6346d07d2300ca5) ([#12608](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12608)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack)
+- **pinterest**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/bd0a66816934de70312eea1e71c59c13b401dc3a) ([#12538](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12538)) by [mikf](https://github.com/mikf)
+- **playsuisse**: [Fix login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6933f5670cea9c3e2fb16c1caa1eda54d13122c5) ([#12444](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12444)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **reddit**: [Truncate title](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/d9a53cc1e6fd912daf500ca4f19e9ca88994dbf9) ([#12567](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12567)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **rtp**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8eb9c1bf3b9908cca22ef043602aa24fb9f352c6) ([#11638](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11638)) by [pferreir](https://github.com/pferreir), [red-acid](https://github.com/red-acid), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [somini](https://github.com/somini), [vallovic](https://github.com/vallovic)
+- **softwhiteunderbelly**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/652827d5a076c9483c36654ad2cf3fe46219baf4) ([#12281](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12281)) by [benfaerber](https://github.com/benfaerber)
+- **soop**: [Fix timestamp extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8305df00012ff8138a6ff95279d06b54ac607f63) ([#12609](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12609)) by [msikma](https://github.com/msikma)
+- **soundcloud**
+    - [Extract tags](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9deed13d7cce6d3647379e50589c92de89227509) ([#12420](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12420)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/6deeda5c11f34f613724fa0627879f0d607ba1b4) ([#12447](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12447)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **tiktok**
+    - [Improve error handling](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/99ea2978757a431eeb2a265b3395ccbe4ce202cf) ([#12445](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12445)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Truncate title](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/83b119dadb0f267f1fb66bf7ed74c097349de79e) ([#12566](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12566)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tv8.it**: [Add live and playlist extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2ee3a0aff9be2be3bea60640d3d8a0febaf0acb6) ([#12569](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12569)) by [DTrombett](https://github.com/DTrombett)
+- **tvw**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/42b7440963866e31ff84a5b89030d1c596fa2e6e) ([#12271](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12271)) by [fries1234](https://github.com/fries1234)
+- **twitter**
+    - [Fix syndication token generation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b8b47547049f5ebc3dd680fc7de70ed0ca9c0d70) ([#12537](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12537)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Truncate title](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/06f6de78db2eceeabd062ab1a3023e0ff9d4df53) ([#12560](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12560)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **vk**: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/05c8023a27dd37c49163c0498bf98e3e3c1cb4b9) ([#12510](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12510)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **vrtmax**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/df9ebeec00d658693252978d1ffb885e67aa6ab6) ([#12479](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12479)) by [bergoid](https://github.com/bergoid), [MichaelDeBoey](https://github.com/MichaelDeBoey), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **weibo**: [Support playlists](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/0bb39788626002a8a67e925580227952c563c8b9) ([#12284](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12284)) by [4ft35t](https://github.com/4ft35t)
+- **wsj**: [Support opinion URLs and impersonation](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7f3006eb0c0659982bb956d71b0bc806bcb0a5f2) ([#12431](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12431)) by [refack](https://github.com/refack)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Fix nsig and signature extraction for player `643afba4`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9b868518a15599f3d7ef5a1c730dda164c30da9b) ([#12684](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12684)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Player client maintenance](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3380febe9984c21c79c3147c1d390a4cf339bc4c) ([#12603](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12603)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Split into package](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4432a9390c79253ac830702b226d2e558b636725) ([#12557](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12557)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Warn on DRM formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e67d786c7cc87bd449d22e0ddef08306891c1173) ([#12593](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12593)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Warn on missing formats due to SSAP](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/79ec2fdff75c8c1bb89b550266849ad4dec48dd3) ([#12483](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12483)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Add `keep_header_casing` extension](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7d18fed8f1983fe6de4ddc810dfb2761ba5744ac) ([#11652](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11652)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- [Always add unsupported suffix on version mismatch](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/95f8df2f796d0048119615200758199aedcd7cf4) ([#12626](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12626)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [f36e4b6](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f36e4b6e65cb8403791aae2f520697115cb88dec) by [dirkf](https://github.com/dirkf), [gamer191](https://github.com/gamer191), [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **test**: [Show all differences for `expect_value` and `expect_dict`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a3e0c7d3b267abdf3933b709704a28d43bb46503) ([#12334](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12334)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+
 ### 2025.02.19

 #### Core changes
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -337,10 +337,11 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
    --plugin-dirs PATH              Path to an additional directory to search
                                    for plugins. This option can be used
                                    multiple times to add multiple directories.
-                                    Note that this currently only works for
-                                    extractor plugins; postprocessor plugins can
-                                    only be loaded from the default plugin
-                                    directories
+                                    Use "default" to search the default plugin
+                                    directories (default)
+    --no-plugin-dirs                Clear plugin directories to search,
+                                    including defaults and those provided by
+                                    previous --plugin-dirs
    --flat-playlist                 Do not extract a playlist's URL result
                                    entries; some entry metadata may be missing
                                    and downloading may be bypassed
@@ -1768,7 +1769,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### youtube
 * `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/c26f9b991a0681fd3ea548d535919cec1fbbd430/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L381-L390) for list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
-* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The main clients are `web`, `ios` and `android`, with variants `_music` and `_creator` (e.g. `ios_creator`); and `mweb`, `android_vr`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `tv` and `tv_embedded` with no variants. By default, `tv,ios,web` is used, or `tv,web` is used when authenticating with cookies. The `web_music` client is added for `music.youtube.com` URLs when logged-in cookies are used. The `tv_embedded` and `web_creator` clients are added for age-restricted videos if account age-verification is required. Some clients, such as `web` and `web_music`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as the `_creator` variants, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `default` for the default clients, or you can use `all` for all clients (not recommended). You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=default,-ios`
+* `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The currently available clients are `web`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `web_music`, `web_creator`, `mweb`, `ios`, `android`, `android_vr`, `tv` and `tv_embedded`. By default, `tv,ios,web` is used, or `tv,web` is used when authenticating with cookies. The `web_music` client is added for `music.youtube.com` URLs when logged-in cookies are used. The `tv_embedded` and `web_creator` clients are added for age-restricted videos if account age-verification is required. Some clients, such as `web` and `web_music`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as `web_creator`, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `default` for the default clients, or you can use `all` for all clients (not recommended). You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=default,-ios`
 * `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) for more details
 * `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
@@ -1811,6 +1812,9 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `vcodec`: vcodec to ignore - one or more of `h264`, `h265`, `dvh265`
 * `dr`: dynamic range to ignore - one or more of `sdr`, `hdr10`, `dv`

+#### instagram
+* `app_id`: The value of the `X-IG-App-ID` header used for API requests. Default is the web app ID, `936619743392459`
+
 #### niconicochannelplus
 * `max_comments`: Maximum number of comments to extract - default is `120`

--- a/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
+++ b/devscripts/make_lazy_extractors.py
@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
 from inspect import getsource

 from devscripts.utils import get_filename_args, read_file, write_file
+from yt_dlp.extractor import import_extractors
+from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
+from yt_dlp.globals import extractors

 NO_ATTR = object()
 STATIC_CLASS_PROPERTIES = [
@@ -38,8 +41,7 @@ def main():

    lazy_extractors_filename = get_filename_args(default_outfile='yt_dlp/extractor/lazy_extractors.py')

-    from yt_dlp.extractor.extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
-    from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor
+    import_extractors()

    DummyInfoExtractor = type('InfoExtractor', (InfoExtractor,), {'IE_NAME': NO_ATTR})
    module_src = '\n'.join((
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ def main():
        '    _module = None',
        *extra_ie_code(DummyInfoExtractor),
        '\nclass LazyLoadSearchExtractor(LazyLoadExtractor):\n    pass\n',
-        *build_ies(_ALL_CLASSES, (InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor), DummyInfoExtractor),
+        *build_ies(list(extractors.value.values()), (InfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor), DummyInfoExtractor),
    ))

    write_file(lazy_extractors_filename, f'{module_src}\n')
@@ -73,7 +75,7 @@ def build_ies(ies, bases, attr_base):
        if ie in ies:
            names.append(ie.__name__)

-    yield f'\n_ALL_CLASSES = [{", ".join(names)}]'
+    yield '\n_CLASS_LOOKUP = {%s}' % ', '.join(f'{name!r}: {name}' for name in names)


 def sort_ies(ies, ignored_bases):
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ dev = [
 ]
 static-analysis = [
    "autopep8~=2.0",
-    "ruff~=0.9.0",
+    "ruff~=0.11.0",
 ]
 test = [
    "pytest~=8.1",
@@ -384,9 +384,14 @@ select = [
    "W391",
    "W504",
 ]
+exclude = "*/extractor/lazy_extractors.py,*venv*,*/test/testdata/sigs/player-*.js,.idea,.vscode"

 [tool.pytest.ini_options]
-addopts = "-ra -v --strict-markers"
+addopts = [
+    "-ra",  # summary: all except passed
+    "--verbose",
+    "--strict-markers",
+]
 markers = [
    "download",
 ]
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@@ -224,6 +224,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **bt:vestlendingen**: Bergens Tidende - Vestlendingen
 - **Bundesliga**
 - **Bundestag**
+ - **BunnyCdn**
 - **BusinessInsider**
 - **BuzzFeed**
 - **BYUtv**: (**Currently broken**)
@@ -242,6 +243,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **CanalAlpha**
 - **canalc2.tv**
 - **Canalplus**: mycanal.fr and piwiplus.fr
+ - **Canalsurmas**
 - **CaracolTvPlay**: [*caracoltv-play*](## "netrc machine")
 - **CartoonNetwork**
 - **cbc.ca**
@@ -609,10 +611,10 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Inc**
 - **IndavideoEmbed**
 - **InfoQ**
- - **Instagram**: [*instagram*](## "netrc machine")
- - **instagram:story**: [*instagram*](## "netrc machine")
- - **instagram:tag**: [*instagram*](## "netrc machine") Instagram hashtag search URLs
- - **instagram:user**: [*instagram*](## "netrc machine") Instagram user profile (**Currently broken**)
+ - **Instagram**
+ - **instagram:story**
+ - **instagram:tag**: Instagram hashtag search URLs
+ - **instagram:user**: Instagram user profile (**Currently broken**)
 - **InstagramIOS**: IOS instagram:// URL
 - **Internazionale**
 - **InternetVideoArchive**
@@ -661,7 +663,6 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **KelbyOne**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **Kenh14Playlist**
 - **Kenh14Video**
- - **Ketnet**
 - **khanacademy**
 - **khanacademy:unit**
 - **kick:clips**
@@ -733,6 +734,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Livestreamfails**
 - **Lnk**
 - **loc**: Library of Congress
+ - **Loco**
 - **loom**
 - **loom:folder**
 - **LoveHomePorn**
@@ -831,7 +833,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **MoviewPlay**
 - **Moviezine**
 - **MovingImage**
- - **MSN**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **MSN**
 - **mtg**: MTG services
 - **mtv**
 - **mtv.de**: (**Currently broken**)
@@ -1342,6 +1344,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Smotrim**
 - **SnapchatSpotlight**
 - **Snotr**
+ - **SoftWhiteUnderbelly**: [*softwhiteunderbelly*](## "netrc machine")
 - **Sohu**
 - **SohuV**
 - **SonyLIV**: [*sonyliv*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -1536,6 +1539,8 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **tv5unis**
 - **tv5unis:video**
 - **tv8.it**
+ - **tv8.it:live**: TV8 Live
+ - **tv8.it:playlist**: TV8 Playlist
 - **TVANouvelles**
 - **TVANouvellesArticle**
 - **tvaplus**: TVA+
@@ -1556,6 +1561,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **tvp:vod:series**
 - **TVPlayer**
 - **TVPlayHome**
+ - **Tvw**
 - **Tweakers**
 - **TwitCasting**
 - **TwitCastingLive**
@@ -1677,7 +1683,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **vqq:series**
 - **vqq:video**
 - **VRT**: VRT NWS, Flanders News, Flandern Info and Sporza
- - **VrtNU**: [*vrtnu*](## "netrc machine") VRT MAX
+ - **vrtmax**: [*vrtnu*](## "netrc machine") VRT MAX (formerly VRT NU)
 - **VTM**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **VTV**
 - **VTVGo**
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@@ -101,87 +101,109 @@ def getwebpagetestcases():
 md5 = lambda s: hashlib.md5(s.encode()).hexdigest()


-def expect_value(self, got, expected, field):
-    if isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('re:'):
-        match_str = expected[len('re:'):]
-        match_rex = re.compile(match_str)
+def _iter_differences(got, expected, field):
+    if isinstance(expected, str):
+        op, _, val = expected.partition(':')
+        if op in ('mincount', 'maxcount', 'count'):
+            if not isinstance(got, (list, dict)):
+                yield field, f'expected either {list.__name__} or {dict.__name__}, got {type(got).__name__}'
+                return

-        self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(got, str),
-            f'Expected a {str.__name__} object, but got {type(got).__name__} for field {field}')
-        self.assertTrue(
-            match_rex.match(got),
-            f'field {field} (value: {got!r}) should match {match_str!r}')
-    elif isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('startswith:'):
-        start_str = expected[len('startswith:'):]
-        self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(got, str),
-            f'Expected a {str.__name__} object, but got {type(got).__name__} for field {field}')
-        self.assertTrue(
-            got.startswith(start_str),
-            f'field {field} (value: {got!r}) should start with {start_str!r}')
-    elif isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('contains:'):
-        contains_str = expected[len('contains:'):]
-        self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(got, str),
-            f'Expected a {str.__name__} object, but got {type(got).__name__} for field {field}')
-        self.assertTrue(
-            contains_str in got,
-            f'field {field} (value: {got!r}) should contain {contains_str!r}')
-    elif isinstance(expected, type):
-        self.assertTrue(
-            isinstance(got, expected),
-            f'Expected type {expected!r} for field {field}, but got value {got!r} of type {type(got)!r}')
-    elif isinstance(expected, dict) and isinstance(got, dict):
-        expect_dict(self, got, expected)
-    elif isinstance(expected, list) and isinstance(got, list):
-        self.assertEqual(
-            len(expected), len(got),
-            f'Expect a list of length {len(expected)}, but got a list of length {len(got)} for field {field}')
-        for index, (item_got, item_expected) in enumerate(zip(got, expected)):
-            type_got = type(item_got)
-            type_expected = type(item_expected)
-            self.assertEqual(
-                type_expected, type_got,
-                f'Type mismatch for list item at index {index} for field {field}, '
-                f'expected {type_expected!r}, got {type_got!r}')
-            expect_value(self, item_got, item_expected, field)
-    else:
-        if isinstance(expected, str) and expected.startswith('md5:'):
-            self.assertTrue(
-                isinstance(got, str),
-                f'Expected field {field} to be a unicode object, but got value {got!r} of type {type(got)!r}')
-            got = 'md5:' + md5(got)
-        elif isinstance(expected, str) and re.match(r'^(?:min|max)?count:\d+', expected):
-            self.assertTrue(
-                isinstance(got, (list, dict)),
-                f'Expected field {field} to be a list or a dict, but it is of type {type(got).__name__}')
-            op, _, expected_num = expected.partition(':')
-            expected_num = int(expected_num)
+            expected_num = int(val)
+            got_num = len(got)
            if op == 'mincount':
-                assert_func = assertGreaterEqual
-                msg_tmpl = 'Expected %d items in field %s, but only got %d'
-            elif op == 'maxcount':
-                assert_func = assertLessEqual
-                msg_tmpl = 'Expected maximum %d items in field %s, but got %d'
-            elif op == 'count':
-                assert_func = assertEqual
-                msg_tmpl = 'Expected exactly %d items in field %s, but got %d'
-            else:
-                assert False
-            assert_func(
-                self, len(got), expected_num,
-                msg_tmpl % (expected_num, field, len(got)))
+                if got_num < expected_num:
+                    yield field, f'expected at least {val} items, got {got_num}'
+                return
+
+            if op == 'maxcount':
+                if got_num > expected_num:
+                    yield field, f'expected at most {val} items, got {got_num}'
+                return
+
+            assert op == 'count'
+            if got_num != expected_num:
+                yield field, f'expected exactly {val} items, got {got_num}'
            return
-        self.assertEqual(
-            expected, got,
-            f'Invalid value for field {field}, expected {expected!r}, got {got!r}')
+
+        if not isinstance(got, str):
+            yield field, f'expected {str.__name__}, got {type(got).__name__}'
+            return
+
+        if op == 're':
+            if not re.match(val, got):
+                yield field, f'should match {val!r}, got {got!r}'
+            return
+
+        if op == 'startswith':
+            if not val.startswith(got):
+                yield field, f'should start with {val!r}, got {got!r}'
+            return
+
+        if op == 'contains':
+            if not val.startswith(got):
+                yield field, f'should contain {val!r}, got {got!r}'
+            return
+
+        if op == 'md5':
+            hash_val = md5(got)
+            if hash_val != val:
+                yield field, f'expected hash {val}, got {hash_val}'
+            return
+
+        if got != expected:
+            yield field, f'expected {expected!r}, got {got!r}'
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(expected, dict) and isinstance(got, dict):
+        for key, expected_val in expected.items():
+            if key not in got:
+                yield field, f'missing key: {key!r}'
+                continue
+
+            field_name = key if field is None else f'{field}.{key}'
+            yield from _iter_differences(got[key], expected_val, field_name)
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(expected, type):
+        if not isinstance(got, expected):
+            yield field, f'expected {expected.__name__}, got {type(got).__name__}'
+        return
+
+    if isinstance(expected, list) and isinstance(got, list):
+        # TODO: clever diffing algorithm lmao
+        if len(expected) != len(got):
+            yield field, f'expected length of {len(expected)}, got {len(got)}'
+            return
+
+        for index, (got_val, expected_val) in enumerate(zip(got, expected)):
+            field_name = str(index) if field is None else f'{field}.{index}'
+            yield from _iter_differences(got_val, expected_val, field_name)
+        return
+
+    if got != expected:
+        yield field, f'expected {expected!r}, got {got!r}'
+
+
+def _expect_value(message, got, expected, field):
+    mismatches = list(_iter_differences(got, expected, field))
+    if not mismatches:
+        return
+
+    fields = [field for field, _ in mismatches if field is not None]
+    return ''.join((
+        message, f' ({", ".join(fields)})' if fields else '',
+        *(f'\n\t{field}: {message}' for field, message in mismatches)))
+
+
+def expect_value(self, got, expected, field):
+    if message := _expect_value('values differ', got, expected, field):
+        self.fail(message)


 def expect_dict(self, got_dict, expected_dict):
-    for info_field, expected in expected_dict.items():
-        got = got_dict.get(info_field)
-        expect_value(self, got, expected, info_field)
+    if message := _expect_value('dictionaries differ', got_dict, expected_dict, None):
+        self.fail(message)


 def sanitize_got_info_dict(got_dict):
--- a/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/test/test_YoutubeDL.py
@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ import sys
 import unittest
 from unittest.mock import patch

+from yt_dlp.globals import all_plugins_loaded
+
 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


@@ -1427,6 +1429,12 @@ class TestYoutubeDL(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertFalse(result.get('cookies'), msg='Cookies set in cookies field for wrong domain')
        self.assertFalse(ydl.cookiejar.get_cookie_header(fmt['url']), msg='Cookies set in cookiejar for wrong domain')

+    def test_load_plugins_compat(self):
+        # Should try to reload plugins if they haven't already been loaded
+        all_plugins_loaded.value = False
+        FakeYDL().close()
+        assert all_plugins_loaded.value
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_http_proxy.py
+++ b/test/test_http_proxy.py
@@ -331,10 +331,6 @@ class TestHTTPConnectProxy:
                assert proxy_info['proxy'] == server_address
                assert 'Proxy-Authorization' in proxy_info['headers']

-    @pytest.mark.skip_handler(
-        'Requests',
-        'bug in urllib3 causes unclosed socket: https://github.com/urllib3/urllib3/issues/3374',
-    )
    def test_http_connect_bad_auth(self, handler, ctx):
        with ctx.http_server(HTTPConnectProxyHandler, username='test', password='test') as server_address:
            with handler(verify=False, proxies={ctx.REQUEST_PROTO: f'http://test:bad@{server_address}'}) as rh:
--- a/test/test_jsinterp.py
+++ b/test/test_jsinterp.py
@@ -384,7 +384,7 @@ class TestJSInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
    @unittest.skip('Not implemented')
    def test_packed(self):
        jsi = JSInterpreter('''function f(p,a,c,k,e,d){while(c--)if(k[c])p=p.replace(new RegExp('\\b'+c.toString(a)+'\\b','g'),k[c]);return p}''')
-        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f', '''h 7=g("1j");7.7h({7g:[{33:"w://7f-7e-7d-7c.v.7b/7a/79/78/77/76.74?t=73&s=2s&e=72&f=2t&71=70.0.0.1&6z=6y&6x=6w"}],6v:"w://32.v.u/6u.31",16:"r%",15:"r%",6t:"6s",6r:"",6q:"l",6p:"l",6o:"6n",6m:\'6l\',6k:"6j",9:[{33:"/2u?b=6i&n=50&6h=w://32.v.u/6g.31",6f:"6e"}],1y:{6d:1,6c:\'#6b\',6a:\'#69\',68:"67",66:30,65:r,},"64":{63:"%62 2m%m%61%5z%5y%5x.u%5w%5v%5u.2y%22 2k%m%1o%22 5t%m%1o%22 5s%m%1o%22 2j%m%5r%22 16%m%5q%22 15%m%5p%22 5o%2z%5n%5m%2z",5l:"w://v.u/d/1k/5k.2y",5j:[]},\'5i\':{"5h":"5g"},5f:"5e",5d:"w://v.u",5c:{},5b:l,1x:[0.25,0.50,0.75,1,1.25,1.5,2]});h 1m,1n,5a;h 59=0,58=0;h 7=g("1j");h 2x=0,57=0,56=0;$.55({54:{\'53-52\':\'2i-51\'}});7.j(\'4z\',6(x){c(5>0&&x.1l>=5&&1n!=1){1n=1;$(\'q.4y\').4x(\'4w\')}});7.j(\'13\',6(x){2x=x.1l});7.j(\'2g\',6(x){2w(x)});7.j(\'4v\',6(){$(\'q.2v\').4u()});6 2w(x){$(\'q.2v\').4t();c(1m)19;1m=1;17=0;c(4s.4r===l){17=1}$.4q(\'/2u?b=4p&2l=1k&4o=2t-4n-4m-2s-4l&4k=&4j=&4i=&17=\'+17,6(2r){$(\'#4h\').4g(2r)});$(\'.3-8-4f-4e:4d("4c")\').2h(6(e){2q();g().4b(0);g().4a(l)});6 2q(){h $14=$("<q />").2p({1l:"49",16:"r%",15:"r%",48:0,2n:0,2o:47,46:"45(10%, 10%, 10%, 0.4)","44-43":"42"});$("<41 />").2p({16:"60%",15:"60%",2o:40,"3z-2n":"3y"}).3x({\'2m\':\'/?b=3w&2l=1k\',\'2k\':\'0\',\'2j\':\'2i\'}).2f($14);$14.2h(6(){$(3v).3u();g().2g()});$14.2f($(\'#1j\'))}g().13(0);}6 3t(){h 9=7.1b(2e);2d.2c(9);c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==2e){2d.2c(\'!!=\'+i);7.1p(i)}}}}7.j(\'3s\',6(){g().1h("/2a/3r.29","3q 10 28",6(){g().13(g().27()+10)},"2b");$("q[26=2b]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');g().1h("/2a/3p.29","3o 10 28",6(){h 12=g().27()-10;c(12<0)12=0;g().13(12)},"24");$("q[26=24]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');});6 1i(){}7.j(\'3n\',6(){1i()});7.j(\'3m\',6(){1i()});7.j("k",6(y){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n<2)19;$(\'.3-8-3l-3k\').3j(6(){$(\'#3-8-a-k\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\')});7.1h("/3i/3h.3g","3f 3e",6(){$(\'.3-1w\').3d(\'3-8-1v\');$(\'.3-8-1y, .3-8-1x\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');c($(\'.3-1w\').3c(\'3-8-1v\')){$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'l\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'l\');$(\'.3-8-a\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').3b(\'3-8-a-z\')}3a{$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\')}},"39");7.j("38",6(y){1d.37(\'1c\',y.9[y.36].1a)});c(1d.1t(\'1c\')){35("1s(1d.1t(\'1c\'));",34)}});h 18;6 1s(1q){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==1q){c(i==18){19}18=i;7.1p(i)}}}}',36,270,'|||jw|||function|player|settings|tracks|submenu||if||||jwplayer|var||on|audioTracks|true|3D|length|aria|attr|div|100|||sx|filemoon|https||event|active||false|tt|seek|dd|height|width|adb|current_audio|return|name|getAudioTracks|default_audio|localStorage|removeClass|expanded|checked|addButton|callMeMaybe|vplayer|0fxcyc2ajhp1|position|vvplay|vvad|220|setCurrentAudioTrack|audio_name|for|audio_set|getItem|last|open|controls|playbackRates|captions|rewind|icon|insertAfter||detach|ff00||button|getPosition|sec|png|player8|ff11|log|console|track_name|appendTo|play|click|no|scrolling|frameborder|file_code|src|top|zIndex|css|showCCform|data|1662367683|383371|dl|video_ad|doPlay|prevt|mp4|3E||jpg|thumbs|file|300|setTimeout|currentTrack|setItem|audioTrackChanged|dualSound|else|addClass|hasClass|toggleClass|Track|Audio|svg|dualy|images|mousedown|buttons|topbar|playAttemptFailed|beforePlay|Rewind|fr|Forward|ff|ready|set_audio_track|remove|this|upload_srt|prop|50px|margin|1000001|iframe|center|align|text|rgba|background|1000000|left|absolute|pause|setCurrentCaptions|Upload|contains|item|content|html|fviews|referer|prem|embed|3e57249ef633e0d03bf76ceb8d8a4b65|216|83|hash|view|get|TokenZir|window|hide|show|complete|slow|fadeIn|video_ad_fadein|time||cache|Cache|Content|headers|ajaxSetup|v2done|tott|vastdone2|vastdone1|vvbefore|playbackRateControls|cast|aboutlink|FileMoon|abouttext|UHD|1870|qualityLabels|sites|GNOME_POWER|link|2Fiframe|3C|allowfullscreen|22360|22640|22no|marginheight|marginwidth|2FGNOME_POWER|2F0fxcyc2ajhp1|2Fe|2Ffilemoon|2F|3A||22https|3Ciframe|code|sharing|fontOpacity|backgroundOpacity|Tahoma|fontFamily|303030|backgroundColor|FFFFFF|color|userFontScale|thumbnails|kind|0fxcyc2ajhp10000|url|get_slides|start|startparam|none|preload|html5|primary|hlshtml|androidhls|duration|uniform|stretching|0fxcyc2ajhp1_xt|image|2048|sp|6871|asn|127|srv|43200|_g3XlBcu2lmD9oDexD2NLWSmah2Nu3XcDrl93m9PwXY|m3u8||master|0fxcyc2ajhp1_x|00076|01|hls2|to|s01|delivery|storage|moon|sources|setup'''.split('|')))
+        self.assertEqual(jsi.call_function('f', '''h 7=g("1j");7.7h({7g:[{33:"w://7f-7e-7d-7c.v.7b/7a/79/78/77/76.74?t=73&s=2s&e=72&f=2t&71=70.0.0.1&6z=6y&6x=6w"}],6v:"w://32.v.u/6u.31",16:"r%",15:"r%",6t:"6s",6r:"",6q:"l",6p:"l",6o:"6n",6m:\'6l\',6k:"6j",9:[{33:"/2u?b=6i&n=50&6h=w://32.v.u/6g.31",6f:"6e"}],1y:{6d:1,6c:\'#6b\',6a:\'#69\',68:"67",66:30,65:r,},"64":{63:"%62 2m%m%61%5z%5y%5x.u%5w%5v%5u.2y%22 2k%m%1o%22 5t%m%1o%22 5s%m%1o%22 2j%m%5r%22 16%m%5q%22 15%m%5p%22 5o%2z%5n%5m%2z",5l:"w://v.u/d/1k/5k.2y",5j:[]},\'5i\':{"5h":"5g"},5f:"5e",5d:"w://v.u",5c:{},5b:l,1x:[0.25,0.50,0.75,1,1.25,1.5,2]});h 1m,1n,5a;h 59=0,58=0;h 7=g("1j");h 2x=0,57=0,56=0;$.55({54:{\'53-52\':\'2i-51\'}});7.j(\'4z\',6(x){c(5>0&&x.1l>=5&&1n!=1){1n=1;$(\'q.4y\').4x(\'4w\')}});7.j(\'13\',6(x){2x=x.1l});7.j(\'2g\',6(x){2w(x)});7.j(\'4v\',6(){$(\'q.2v\').4u()});6 2w(x){$(\'q.2v\').4t();c(1m)19;1m=1;17=0;c(4s.4r===l){17=1}$.4q(\'/2u?b=4p&2l=1k&4o=2t-4n-4m-2s-4l&4k=&4j=&4i=&17=\'+17,6(2r){$(\'#4h\').4g(2r)});$(\'.3-8-4f-4e:4d("4c")\').2h(6(e){2q();g().4b(0);g().4a(l)});6 2q(){h $14=$("<q />").2p({1l:"49",16:"r%",15:"r%",48:0,2n:0,2o:47,46:"45(10%, 10%, 10%, 0.4)","44-43":"42"});$("<41 />").2p({16:"60%",15:"60%",2o:40,"3z-2n":"3y"}).3x({\'2m\':\'/?b=3w&2l=1k\',\'2k\':\'0\',\'2j\':\'2i\'}).2f($14);$14.2h(6(){$(3v).3u();g().2g()});$14.2f($(\'#1j\'))}g().13(0);}6 3t(){h 9=7.1b(2e);2d.2c(9);c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==2e){2d.2c(\'!!=\'+i);7.1p(i)}}}}7.j(\'3s\',6(){g().1h("/2a/3r.29","3q 10 28",6(){g().13(g().27()+10)},"2b");$("q[26=2b]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');g().1h("/2a/3p.29","3o 10 28",6(){h 12=g().27()-10;c(12<0)12=0;g().13(12)},"24");$("q[26=24]").23().21(\'.3-20-1z\');});6 1i(){}7.j(\'3n\',6(){1i()});7.j(\'3m\',6(){1i()});7.j("k",6(y){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n<2)19;$(\'.3-8-3l-3k\').3j(6(){$(\'#3-8-a-k\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\')});7.1h("/3i/3h.3g","3f 3e",6(){$(\'.3-1w\').3d(\'3-8-1v\');$(\'.3-8-1y, .3-8-1x\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');c($(\'.3-1w\').3c(\'3-8-1v\')){$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'l\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'l\');$(\'.3-8-a\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').3b(\'3-8-a-z\')}3a{$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1g\',\'11\');$(\'.3-a-k\').p(\'o-1f\',\'11\');$(\'.3-8-a:1u\').1e(\'3-8-a-z\')}},"39");7.j("38",6(y){1d.37(\'1c\',y.9[y.36].1a)});c(1d.1t(\'1c\')){35("1s(1d.1t(\'1c\'));",34)}});h 18;6 1s(1q){h 9=7.1b();c(9.n>1){1r(i=0;i<9.n;i++){c(9[i].1a==1q){c(i==18){19}18=i;7.1p(i)}}}}',36,270,'|||jw|||function|player|settings|tracks|submenu||if||||jwplayer|var||on|audioTracks|true|3D|length|aria|attr|div|100|||sx|filemoon|https||event|active||false|tt|seek|dd|height|width|adb|current_audio|return|name|getAudioTracks|default_audio|localStorage|removeClass|expanded|checked|addButton|callMeMaybe|vplayer|0fxcyc2ajhp1|position|vvplay|vvad|220|setCurrentAudioTrack|audio_name|for|audio_set|getItem|last|open|controls|playbackRates|captions|rewind|icon|insertAfter||detach|ff00||button|getPosition|sec|png|player8|ff11|log|console|track_name|appendTo|play|click|no|scrolling|frameborder|file_code|src|top|zIndex|css|showCCform|data|1662367683|383371|dl|video_ad|doPlay|prevt|mp4|3E||jpg|thumbs|file|300|setTimeout|currentTrack|setItem|audioTrackChanged|dualSound|else|addClass|hasClass|toggleClass|Track|Audio|svg|dualy|images|mousedown|buttons|topbar|playAttemptFailed|beforePlay|Rewind|fr|Forward|ff|ready|set_audio_track|remove|this|upload_srt|prop|50px|margin|1000001|iframe|center|align|text|rgba|background|1000000|left|absolute|pause|setCurrentCaptions|Upload|contains|item|content|html|fviews|referer|prem|embed|3e57249ef633e0d03bf76ceb8d8a4b65|216|83|hash|view|get|TokenZir|window|hide|show|complete|slow|fadeIn|video_ad_fadein|time||cache|Cache|Content|headers|ajaxSetup|v2done|tott|vastdone2|vastdone1|vvbefore|playbackRateControls|cast|aboutlink|FileMoon|abouttext|UHD|1870|qualityLabels|sites|GNOME_POWER|link|2Fiframe|3C|allowfullscreen|22360|22640|22no|marginheight|marginwidth|2FGNOME_POWER|2F0fxcyc2ajhp1|2Fe|2Ffilemoon|2F|3A||22https|3Ciframe|code|sharing|fontOpacity|backgroundOpacity|Tahoma|fontFamily|303030|backgroundColor|FFFFFF|color|userFontScale|thumbnails|kind|0fxcyc2ajhp10000|url|get_slides|start|startparam|none|preload|html5|primary|hlshtml|androidhls|duration|uniform|stretching|0fxcyc2ajhp1_xt|image|2048|sp|6871|asn|127|srv|43200|_g3XlBcu2lmD9oDexD2NLWSmah2Nu3XcDrl93m9PwXY|m3u8||master|0fxcyc2ajhp1_x|00076|01|hls2|to|s01|delivery|storage|moon|sources|setup'''.split('|')))  # noqa: SIM905

    def test_join(self):
        test_input = list('test')
@@ -462,6 +462,16 @@ class TestJSInterpreter(unittest.TestCase):
        ]:
            assert js_number_to_string(test, radix) == expected

+    def test_extract_function(self):
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function a(b) { return b + 1; }')
+        func = jsi.extract_function('a')
+        self.assertEqual(func([2]), 3)
+
+    def test_extract_function_with_global_stack(self):
+        jsi = JSInterpreter('function c(d) { return d + e + f + g; }')
+        func = jsi.extract_function('c', {'e': 10}, {'f': 100, 'g': 1000})
+        self.assertEqual(func([1]), 1111)
+

 if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()
--- a/test/test_networking.py
+++ b/test/test_networking.py
@@ -720,6 +720,15 @@ class TestHTTPRequestHandler(TestRequestHandlerBase):
                    rh, Request(
                        f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', proxies={'all': 'http://10.255.255.255'})).close()

+    @pytest.mark.skip_handlers_if(lambda _, handler: handler not in ['Urllib', 'CurlCFFI'], 'handler does not support keep_header_casing')
+    def test_keep_header_casing(self, handler):
+        with handler() as rh:
+            res = validate_and_send(
+                rh, Request(
+                    f'http://127.0.0.1:{self.http_port}/headers', headers={'X-test-heaDer': 'test'}, extensions={'keep_header_casing': True})).read().decode()
+
+            assert 'X-test-heaDer: test' in res
+

@pytest.mark.parametrize('handler', ['Urllib', 'Requests', 'CurlCFFI'], indirect=True)
 class TestClientCertificate:
@@ -1289,6 +1298,7 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'keep_header_casing': True}, UnsupportedRequest),
        ]),
        ('Requests', 'http', [
            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
@@ -1299,6 +1309,9 @@ class TestRequestHandlerValidation:
            ({'legacy_ssl': False}, False),
            ({'legacy_ssl': True}, False),
            ({'legacy_ssl': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
+            ({'keep_header_casing': False}, False),
+            ({'keep_header_casing': True}, False),
+            ({'keep_header_casing': 'notabool'}, AssertionError),
        ]),
        ('CurlCFFI', 'http', [
            ({'cookiejar': 'notacookiejar'}, AssertionError),
--- a/test/test_plugins.py
+++ b/test/test_plugins.py
@@ -10,22 +10,71 @@ TEST_DATA_DIR = Path(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'testdata')
 sys.path.append(str(TEST_DATA_DIR))
 importlib.invalidate_caches()

-from yt_dlp.utils import Config
-from yt_dlp.plugins import PACKAGE_NAME, directories, load_plugins
+from yt_dlp.plugins import (
+    PACKAGE_NAME,
+    PluginSpec,
+    directories,
+    load_plugins,
+    load_all_plugins,
+    register_plugin_spec,
+)
+
+from yt_dlp.globals import (
+    extractors,
+    postprocessors,
+    plugin_dirs,
+    plugin_ies,
+    plugin_pps,
+    all_plugins_loaded,
+    plugin_specs,
+)
+
+
+EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC = PluginSpec(
+    module_name='extractor',
+    suffix='IE',
+    destination=extractors,
+    plugin_destination=plugin_ies,
+)
+
+POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC = PluginSpec(
+    module_name='postprocessor',
+    suffix='PP',
+    destination=postprocessors,
+    plugin_destination=plugin_pps,
+)
+
+
+def reset_plugins():
+    plugin_ies.value = {}
+    plugin_pps.value = {}
+    plugin_dirs.value = ['default']
+    plugin_specs.value = {}
+    all_plugins_loaded.value = False
+    # Clearing override plugins is probably difficult
+    for module_name in tuple(sys.modules):
+        for plugin_type in ('extractor', 'postprocessor'):
+            if module_name.startswith(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.{plugin_type}.'):
+                del sys.modules[module_name]
+
+    importlib.invalidate_caches()


 class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):

    TEST_PLUGIN_DIR = TEST_DATA_DIR / PACKAGE_NAME

+    def setUp(self):
+        reset_plugins()
+
+    def tearDown(self):
+        reset_plugins()
+
    def test_directories_containing_plugins(self):
        self.assertIn(self.TEST_PLUGIN_DIR, map(Path, directories()))

    def test_extractor_classes(self):
-        for module_name in tuple(sys.modules):
-            if module_name.startswith(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor'):
-                del sys.modules[module_name]
-        plugins_ie = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
+        plugins_ie = load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)

        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
        self.assertIn('NormalPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
@@ -35,17 +84,29 @@ class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):
            f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor._ignore' in sys.modules,
            'loaded module beginning with underscore')
        self.assertNotIn('IgnorePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('IgnorePluginIE', plugin_ies.value)

        # Don't load extractors with underscore prefix
        self.assertNotIn('_IgnoreUnderscorePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('_IgnoreUnderscorePluginIE', plugin_ies.value)

        # Don't load extractors not specified in __all__ (if supplied)
        self.assertNotIn('IgnoreNotInAllPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('IgnoreNotInAllPluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
        self.assertIn('InAllPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertIn('InAllPluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
+
+        # Don't load override extractors
+        self.assertNotIn('OverrideGenericIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('OverrideGenericIE', plugin_ies.value)
+        self.assertNotIn('_UnderscoreOverrideGenericIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn('_UnderscoreOverrideGenericIE', plugin_ies.value)

    def test_postprocessor_classes(self):
-        plugins_pp = load_plugins('postprocessor', 'PP')
+        plugins_pp = load_plugins(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
        self.assertIn('NormalPluginPP', plugins_pp.keys())
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertIn('NormalPluginPP', plugin_pps.value)

    def test_importing_zipped_module(self):
        zip_path = TEST_DATA_DIR / 'zipped_plugins.zip'
@@ -58,10 +119,10 @@ class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):
                package = importlib.import_module(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.{plugin_type}')
                self.assertIn(zip_path / PACKAGE_NAME / plugin_type, map(Path, package.__path__))

-            plugins_ie = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
+            plugins_ie = load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
            self.assertIn('ZippedPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())

-            plugins_pp = load_plugins('postprocessor', 'PP')
+            plugins_pp = load_plugins(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
            self.assertIn('ZippedPluginPP', plugins_pp.keys())

        finally:
@@ -69,23 +130,116 @@ class TestPlugins(unittest.TestCase):
            os.remove(zip_path)
            importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches

-    def test_plugin_dirs(self):
-        # Internal plugin dirs hack for CLI --plugin-dirs
-        # To be replaced with proper system later
-        custom_plugin_dir = TEST_DATA_DIR / 'plugin_packages'
-        Config._plugin_dirs = [str(custom_plugin_dir)]
-        importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
+    def test_reloading_plugins(self):
+        reload_plugins_path = TEST_DATA_DIR / 'reload_plugins'
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        load_plugins(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)

+        # Remove default folder and add reload_plugin path
+        sys.path.remove(str(TEST_DATA_DIR))
+        sys.path.append(str(reload_plugins_path))
+        importlib.invalidate_caches()
        try:
-            package = importlib.import_module(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor')
-            self.assertIn(custom_plugin_dir / 'testpackage' / PACKAGE_NAME / 'extractor', map(Path, package.__path__))
+            for plugin_type in ('extractor', 'postprocessor'):
+                package = importlib.import_module(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.{plugin_type}')
+                self.assertIn(reload_plugins_path / PACKAGE_NAME / plugin_type, map(Path, package.__path__))

-            plugins_ie = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
-            self.assertIn('PackagePluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+            plugins_ie = load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+            self.assertIn('NormalPluginIE', plugins_ie.keys())
+            self.assertTrue(
+                plugins_ie['NormalPluginIE'].REPLACED,
+                msg='Reloading has not replaced original extractor plugin')
+            self.assertTrue(
+                extractors.value['NormalPluginIE'].REPLACED,
+                msg='Reloading has not replaced original extractor plugin globally')
+
+            plugins_pp = load_plugins(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+            self.assertIn('NormalPluginPP', plugins_pp.keys())
+            self.assertTrue(plugins_pp['NormalPluginPP'].REPLACED,
+                            msg='Reloading has not replaced original postprocessor plugin')
+            self.assertTrue(
+                postprocessors.value['NormalPluginPP'].REPLACED,
+                msg='Reloading has not replaced original postprocessor plugin globally')

        finally:
-            Config._plugin_dirs = []
-            importlib.invalidate_caches()  # reset the import caches
+            sys.path.remove(str(reload_plugins_path))
+            sys.path.append(str(TEST_DATA_DIR))
+            importlib.invalidate_caches()
+
+    def test_extractor_override_plugin(self):
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        from yt_dlp.extractor.generic import GenericIE
+
+        self.assertEqual(GenericIE.TEST_FIELD, 'override')
+        self.assertEqual(GenericIE.SECONDARY_TEST_FIELD, 'underscore-override')
+
+        self.assertEqual(GenericIE.IE_NAME, 'generic+override+underscore-override')
+        importlib.invalidate_caches()
+        #  test that loading a second time doesn't wrap a second time
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        from yt_dlp.extractor.generic import GenericIE
+        self.assertEqual(GenericIE.IE_NAME, 'generic+override+underscore-override')
+
+    def test_load_all_plugin_types(self):
+
+        # no plugin specs registered
+        load_all_plugins()
+
+        self.assertNotIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+
+        register_plugin_spec(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        register_plugin_spec(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        load_all_plugins()
+        self.assertTrue(all_plugins_loaded.value)
+
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+
+    def test_no_plugin_dirs(self):
+        register_plugin_spec(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        register_plugin_spec(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        plugin_dirs.value = []
+        load_all_plugins()
+
+        self.assertNotIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertNotIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.normal', sys.modules.keys())
+
+    def test_set_plugin_dirs(self):
+        custom_plugin_dir = str(TEST_DATA_DIR / 'plugin_packages')
+        plugin_dirs.value = [custom_plugin_dir]
+
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.package', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertIn('PackagePluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
+
+    def test_invalid_plugin_dir(self):
+        plugin_dirs.value = ['invalid_dir']
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+    def test_append_plugin_dirs(self):
+        custom_plugin_dir = str(TEST_DATA_DIR / 'plugin_packages')
+
+        self.assertEqual(plugin_dirs.value, ['default'])
+        plugin_dirs.value.append(custom_plugin_dir)
+        self.assertEqual(plugin_dirs.value, ['default', custom_plugin_dir])
+
+        load_plugins(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        self.assertIn(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor.package', sys.modules.keys())
+        self.assertIn('PackagePluginIE', plugin_ies.value)
+
+    def test_get_plugin_spec(self):
+        register_plugin_spec(EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        register_plugin_spec(POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+
+        self.assertEqual(plugin_specs.value.get('extractor'), EXTRACTOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        self.assertEqual(plugin_specs.value.get('postprocessor'), POSTPROCESSOR_PLUGIN_SPEC)
+        self.assertIsNone(plugin_specs.value.get('invalid'))


 if __name__ == '__main__':
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -3,19 +3,20 @@
 # Allow direct execution
 import os
 import sys
-import unittest
-import unittest.mock
-import warnings
-import datetime as dt

 sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))


 import contextlib
+import datetime as dt
 import io
 import itertools
 import json
+import pickle
 import subprocess
+import unittest
+import unittest.mock
+import warnings
 import xml.etree.ElementTree

 from yt_dlp.compat import (
@@ -218,11 +219,8 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('_BD_eEpuzXw', is_id=True), '_BD_eEpuzXw')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_filename('N0Y__7-UOdI', is_id=True), 'N0Y__7-UOdI')

+    @unittest.mock.patch('sys.platform', 'win32')
    def test_sanitize_path(self):
-        with unittest.mock.patch('sys.platform', 'win32'):
-            self._test_sanitize_path()
-
-    def _test_sanitize_path(self):
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc'), 'abc')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc/def'), 'abc\\def')
        self.assertEqual(sanitize_path('abc\\def'), 'abc\\def')
@@ -253,10 +251,8 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):

        # Check with nt._path_normpath if available
        try:
-            import nt
-
-            nt_path_normpath = getattr(nt, '_path_normpath', None)
-        except Exception:
+            from nt import _path_normpath as nt_path_normpath
+        except ImportError:
            nt_path_normpath = None

        for test, expected in [
@@ -2087,21 +2083,26 @@ Line 1
        headers = HTTPHeaderDict()
        headers['ytdl-test'] = b'0'
        self.assertEqual(list(headers.items()), [('Ytdl-Test', '0')])
+        self.assertEqual(list(headers.sensitive().items()), [('ytdl-test', '0')])
        headers['ytdl-test'] = 1
        self.assertEqual(list(headers.items()), [('Ytdl-Test', '1')])
+        self.assertEqual(list(headers.sensitive().items()), [('ytdl-test', '1')])
        headers['Ytdl-test'] = '2'
        self.assertEqual(list(headers.items()), [('Ytdl-Test', '2')])
+        self.assertEqual(list(headers.sensitive().items()), [('Ytdl-test', '2')])
        self.assertTrue('ytDl-Test' in headers)
        self.assertEqual(str(headers), str(dict(headers)))
        self.assertEqual(repr(headers), str(dict(headers)))

        headers.update({'X-dlp': 'data'})
        self.assertEqual(set(headers.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', '2'), ('X-Dlp', 'data')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers.sensitive().items()), {('Ytdl-test', '2'), ('X-dlp', 'data')})
        self.assertEqual(dict(headers), {'Ytdl-Test': '2', 'X-Dlp': 'data'})
        self.assertEqual(len(headers), 2)
        self.assertEqual(headers.copy(), headers)
-        headers2 = HTTPHeaderDict({'X-dlp': 'data3'}, **headers, **{'X-dlp': 'data2'})
+        headers2 = HTTPHeaderDict({'X-dlp': 'data3'}, headers, **{'X-dlP': 'data2'})
        self.assertEqual(set(headers2.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', '2'), ('X-Dlp', 'data2')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers2.sensitive().items()), {('Ytdl-test', '2'), ('X-dlP', 'data2')})
        self.assertEqual(len(headers2), 2)
        headers2.clear()
        self.assertEqual(len(headers2), 0)
@@ -2109,16 +2110,23 @@ Line 1
        # ensure we prefer latter headers
        headers3 = HTTPHeaderDict({'Ytdl-TeSt': 1}, {'Ytdl-test': 2})
        self.assertEqual(set(headers3.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', '2')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers3.sensitive().items()), {('Ytdl-test', '2')})
        del headers3['ytdl-tesT']
        self.assertEqual(dict(headers3), {})

        headers4 = HTTPHeaderDict({'ytdl-test': 'data;'})
        self.assertEqual(set(headers4.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', 'data;')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers4.sensitive().items()), {('ytdl-test', 'data;')})

        # common mistake: strip whitespace from values
        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8729
        headers5 = HTTPHeaderDict({'ytdl-test': ' data; '})
        self.assertEqual(set(headers5.items()), {('Ytdl-Test', 'data;')})
+        self.assertEqual(set(headers5.sensitive().items()), {('ytdl-test', 'data;')})
+
+        # test if picklable
+        headers6 = HTTPHeaderDict(a=1, b=2)
+        self.assertEqual(pickle.loads(pickle.dumps(headers6)), headers6)

    def test_extract_basic_auth(self):
        assert extract_basic_auth('http://:foo.bar') == ('http://:foo.bar', None)
--- a/test/test_websockets.py
+++ b/test/test_websockets.py
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ def websocket_handler(websocket):
                return websocket.send('2')
        elif isinstance(message, str):
            if message == 'headers':
-                return websocket.send(json.dumps(dict(websocket.request.headers)))
+                return websocket.send(json.dumps(dict(websocket.request.headers.raw_items())))
            elif message == 'path':
                return websocket.send(websocket.request.path)
            elif message == 'source_address':
@@ -266,18 +266,18 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
        with handler(cookiejar=cookiejar) as rh:
            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
            ws.send('headers')
-            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
+            assert HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
            ws.close()

        with handler() as rh:
            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
            ws.send('headers')
-            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            assert 'cookie' not in HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))
            ws.close()

            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, extensions={'cookiejar': cookiejar}))
            ws.send('headers')
-            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
+            assert HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
            ws.close()

    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Websockets', 'Set-Cookie not supported by websockets')
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/get_cookie', extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, extensions={'cookiejar': YoutubeDLCookieJar()}))
            ws.send('headers')
-            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            assert 'cookie' not in HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))
            ws.close()

    @pytest.mark.skip_handler('Websockets', 'Set-Cookie not supported by websockets')
@@ -298,12 +298,12 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(f'{self.ws_base_url}/get_cookie'))
            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
            ws.send('headers')
-            assert json.loads(ws.recv())['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
+            assert HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))['cookie'] == 'test=ytdlp'
            ws.close()
            cookiejar.clear_session_cookies()
            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url))
            ws.send('headers')
-            assert 'cookie' not in json.loads(ws.recv())
+            assert 'cookie' not in HTTPHeaderDict(json.loads(ws.recv()))
            ws.close()

    def test_source_address(self, handler):
@@ -341,6 +341,14 @@ class TestWebsSocketRequestHandlerConformance:
            assert headers['test3'] == 'test3'
            ws.close()

+    def test_keep_header_casing(self, handler):
+        with handler(headers=HTTPHeaderDict({'x-TeSt1': 'test'})) as rh:
+            ws = ws_validate_and_send(rh, Request(self.ws_base_url, headers={'x-TeSt2': 'test'}, extensions={'keep_header_casing': True}))
+            ws.send('headers')
+            headers = json.loads(ws.recv())
+            assert 'x-TeSt1' in headers
+            assert 'x-TeSt2' in headers
+
    @pytest.mark.parametrize('client_cert', (
        {'client_certificate': os.path.join(MTLS_CERT_DIR, 'clientwithkey.crt')},
        {
--- a/test/test_youtube_signature.py
+++ b/test/test_youtube_signature.py
@@ -78,6 +78,11 @@ _SIG_TESTS = [
        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
        '0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xxAj7v1pDL0QwbdV96sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOg51Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJ2OySqa0q',
    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        '2aq0aqSyOoJXtK73m-uME_jv7-pT15gOFC02RFkGMqWpzEICs69VdbwQ0LDp1v7j8xx92efCJlYFYb1sUkkBSPOlPmXgIARw8JQ0qOAOAA',
+        'AAOAOq0QJ8wRAIgXmPlOPSBkkUs1bYFYlJCfe29xx8j7vgpDL0QwbdV06sCIEzpWqMGkFR20CFOS21Tp-7vj_EMu-m37KtXJoOy1',
+    ),
 ]

 _NSIG_TESTS = [
@@ -205,6 +210,30 @@ _NSIG_TESTS = [
        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/9c6dfc4a/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
        'jbu7ylIosQHyJyJV', 'uwI0ESiynAmhNg',
    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/e7567ecf/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'Sy4aDGc0VpYRR9ew_', '5UPOT1VhoZxNLQ',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/d50f54ef/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'Ha7507LzRmH3Utygtj', 'XFTb2HoeOE5MHg',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/074a8365/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'Ha7507LzRmH3Utygtj', 'ufTsrE0IVYrkl8v',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/player_ias.vflset/en_US/base.js',
+        'N5uAlLqm0eg1GyHO', 'dCBQOejdq5s-ww',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/69f581a5/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        '-qIP447rVlTTwaZjY', 'KNcGOksBAvwqQg',
+    ),
+    (
+        'https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js',
+        'ir9-V6cdbCiyKxhr', '2PL7ZDYAALMfmA',
+    ),
 ]


@@ -218,6 +247,8 @@ class TestPlayerInfo(unittest.TestCase):
            ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/64dddad9/player-plasma-ias-phone-en_US.vflset/base.js', '64dddad9'),
            ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/64dddad9/player-plasma-ias-phone-de_DE.vflset/base.js', '64dddad9'),
            ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/64dddad9/player-plasma-ias-tablet-en_US.vflset/base.js', '64dddad9'),
+            ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/e7567ecf/player_ias_tce.vflset/en_US/base.js', 'e7567ecf'),
+            ('https://www.youtube.com/s/player/643afba4/tv-player-ias.vflset/tv-player-ias.js', '643afba4'),
            # obsolete
            ('https://www.youtube.com/yts/jsbin/player_ias-vfle4-e03/en_US/base.js', 'vfle4-e03'),
            ('https://www.youtube.com/yts/jsbin/player_ias-vfl49f_g4/en_US/base.js', 'vfl49f_g4'),
@@ -250,7 +281,7 @@ def t_factory(name, sig_func, url_pattern):
    def make_tfunc(url, sig_input, expected_sig):
        m = url_pattern.match(url)
        assert m, f'{url!r} should follow URL format'
-        test_id = m.group('id')
+        test_id = re.sub(r'[/.-]', '_', m.group('id') or m.group('compat_id'))

        def test_func(self):
            basename = f'player-{name}-{test_id}.js'
@@ -279,17 +310,22 @@ def n_sig(jscode, sig_input):
    ie = YoutubeIE(FakeYDL())
    funcname = ie._extract_n_function_name(jscode)
    jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)
-    func = jsi.extract_function_from_code(*ie._fixup_n_function_code(*jsi.extract_function_code(funcname)))
+    func = jsi.extract_function_from_code(*ie._fixup_n_function_code(*jsi.extract_function_code(funcname), jscode))
    return func([sig_input])


 make_sig_test = t_factory(
-    'signature', signature, re.compile(r'.*(?:-|/player/)(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/.+\.js|(?:/watch_as3|/html5player)?\.[a-z]+)$'))
+    'signature', signature,
+    re.compile(r'''(?x)
+        .+(?:
+            /player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_/.-]+)|
+            /html5player-(?:en_US-)?(?P<compat_id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)(?:/watch_as3|/html5player)?
+        )\.js$'''))
 for test_spec in _SIG_TESTS:
    make_sig_test(*test_spec)

 make_nsig_test = t_factory(
-    'nsig', n_sig, re.compile(r'.+/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+)/.+.js$'))
+    'nsig', n_sig, re.compile(r'.+/player/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9_/.-]+)\.js$'))
 for test_spec in _NSIG_TESTS:
    make_nsig_test(*test_spec)

--- a/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
+++ b/test/testdata/plugin_packages/testpackage/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/package.py
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor


 class PackagePluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'package'
    pass
--- a/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py
+++ b/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor
+
+
+class NormalPluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'normal'
+    REPLACED = True
+
+
+class _IgnoreUnderscorePluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    pass
--- a/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py
+++ b/test/testdata/reload_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from yt_dlp.postprocessor.common import PostProcessor
+
+
+class NormalPluginPP(PostProcessor):
+    REPLACED = True
--- a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/ignore.py
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/ignore.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ class IgnoreNotInAllPluginIE(InfoExtractor):


 class InAllPluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'inallpluginie'
    pass


--- a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/normal.py
@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor


 class NormalPluginIE(InfoExtractor):
-    pass
+    _VALID_URL = 'normalpluginie'
+    REPLACED = False


 class _IgnoreUnderscorePluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'ignoreunderscorepluginie'
    pass
--- a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/override.py
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/override.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.generic import GenericIE
+
+
+class OverrideGenericIE(GenericIE, plugin_name='override'):
+    TEST_FIELD = 'override'
--- a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/overridetwo.py
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/overridetwo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from yt_dlp.extractor.generic import GenericIE
+
+
+class _UnderscoreOverrideGenericIE(GenericIE, plugin_name='underscore-override'):
+    SECONDARY_TEST_FIELD = 'underscore-override'
--- a/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py
+++ b/test/testdata/yt_dlp_plugins/postprocessor/normal.py
@@ -2,4 +2,4 @@ from yt_dlp.postprocessor.common import PostProcessor


 class NormalPluginPP(PostProcessor):
-    pass
+    REPLACED = False
--- a/test/testdata/zipped_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/zipped.py
+++ b/test/testdata/zipped_plugins/yt_dlp_plugins/extractor/zipped.py
@@ -2,4 +2,5 @@ from yt_dlp.extractor.common import InfoExtractor


 class ZippedPluginIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = 'zippedpluginie'
    pass
--- a/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/YoutubeDL.py
@@ -30,9 +30,18 @@ from .compat import urllib_req_to_req
 from .cookies import CookieLoadError, LenientSimpleCookie, load_cookies
 from .downloader import FFmpegFD, get_suitable_downloader, shorten_protocol_name
 from .downloader.rtmp import rtmpdump_version
-from .extractor import gen_extractor_classes, get_info_extractor
+from .extractor import gen_extractor_classes, get_info_extractor, import_extractors
 from .extractor.common import UnsupportedURLIE
 from .extractor.openload import PhantomJSwrapper
+from .globals import (
+    IN_CLI,
+    LAZY_EXTRACTORS,
+    plugin_ies,
+    plugin_ies_overrides,
+    plugin_pps,
+    all_plugins_loaded,
+    plugin_dirs,
+)
 from .minicurses import format_text
 from .networking import HEADRequest, Request, RequestDirector
 from .networking.common import _REQUEST_HANDLERS, _RH_PREFERENCES
@@ -44,8 +53,7 @@ from .networking.exceptions import (
    network_exceptions,
 )
 from .networking.impersonate import ImpersonateRequestHandler
-from .plugins import directories as plugin_directories
-from .postprocessor import _PLUGIN_CLASSES as plugin_pps
+from .plugins import directories as plugin_directories, load_all_plugins
 from .postprocessor import (
    EmbedThumbnailPP,
    FFmpegFixupDuplicateMoovPP,
@@ -157,7 +165,7 @@ from .utils import (
    write_json_file,
    write_string,
 )
-from .utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError, _YDLLogger
+from .utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError, _YDLLogger, _ProgressState
 from .utils.networking import (
    HTTPHeaderDict,
    clean_headers,
@@ -642,20 +650,23 @@ class YoutubeDL:
        self.cache = Cache(self)
        self.__header_cookies = []

-        stdout = sys.stderr if self.params.get('logtostderr') else sys.stdout
-        self._out_files = Namespace(
-            out=stdout,
-            error=sys.stderr,
-            screen=sys.stderr if self.params.get('quiet') else stdout,
-            console=None if os.name == 'nt' else next(
-                filter(supports_terminal_sequences, (sys.stderr, sys.stdout)), None),
-        )
+        # compat for API: load plugins if they have not already
+        if not all_plugins_loaded.value:
+            load_all_plugins()

        try:
            windows_enable_vt_mode()
        except Exception as e:
            self.write_debug(f'Failed to enable VT mode: {e}')

+        stdout = sys.stderr if self.params.get('logtostderr') else sys.stdout
+        self._out_files = Namespace(
+            out=stdout,
+            error=sys.stderr,
+            screen=sys.stderr if self.params.get('quiet') else stdout,
+            console=next(filter(supports_terminal_sequences, (sys.stderr, sys.stdout)), None),
+        )
+
        if self.params.get('no_color'):
            if self.params.get('color') is not None:
                self.params.setdefault('_warnings', []).append(
@@ -956,21 +967,22 @@ class YoutubeDL:
            self._write_string(f'{self._bidi_workaround(message)}\n', self._out_files.error, only_once=only_once)

    def _send_console_code(self, code):
-        if os.name == 'nt' or not self._out_files.console:
-            return
+        if not supports_terminal_sequences(self._out_files.console):
+            return False
        self._write_string(code, self._out_files.console)
+        return True

-    def to_console_title(self, message):
-        if not self.params.get('consoletitle', False):
+    def to_console_title(self, message=None, progress_state=None, percent=None):
+        if not self.params.get('consoletitle'):
            return
-        message = remove_terminal_sequences(message)
-        if os.name == 'nt':
-            if ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
-                # c_wchar_p() might not be necessary if `message` is
-                # already of type unicode()
-                ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(ctypes.c_wchar_p(message))
-        else:
-            self._send_console_code(f'\033]0;{message}\007')
+
+        if message:
+            success = self._send_console_code(f'\033]0;{remove_terminal_sequences(message)}\007')
+            if not success and os.name == 'nt' and ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetConsoleWindow():
+                ctypes.windll.kernel32.SetConsoleTitleW(message)
+
+        if isinstance(progress_state, _ProgressState):
+            self._send_console_code(progress_state.get_ansi_escape(percent))

    def save_console_title(self):
        if not self.params.get('consoletitle') or self.params.get('simulate'):
@@ -984,6 +996,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:

    def __enter__(self):
        self.save_console_title()
+        self.to_console_title(progress_state=_ProgressState.INDETERMINATE)
        return self

    def save_cookies(self):
@@ -992,6 +1005,7 @@ class YoutubeDL:

    def __exit__(self, *args):
        self.restore_console_title()
+        self.to_console_title(progress_state=_ProgressState.HIDDEN)
        self.close()

    def close(self):
@@ -3993,15 +4007,6 @@ class YoutubeDL:
        if not self.params.get('verbose'):
            return

-        from . import _IN_CLI  # Must be delayed import
-
-        # These imports can be slow. So import them only as needed
-        from .extractor.extractors import _LAZY_LOADER
-        from .extractor.extractors import (
-            _PLUGIN_CLASSES as plugin_ies,
-            _PLUGIN_OVERRIDES as plugin_ie_overrides,
-        )
-
        def get_encoding(stream):
            ret = str(getattr(stream, 'encoding', f'missing ({type(stream).__name__})'))
            additional_info = []
@@ -4040,17 +4045,18 @@ class YoutubeDL:
            _make_label(ORIGIN, CHANNEL.partition('@')[2] or __version__, __version__),
            f'[{RELEASE_GIT_HEAD[:9]}]' if RELEASE_GIT_HEAD else '',
            '' if source == 'unknown' else f'({source})',
-            '' if _IN_CLI else 'API' if klass == YoutubeDL else f'API:{self.__module__}.{klass.__qualname__}',
+            '' if IN_CLI.value else 'API' if klass == YoutubeDL else f'API:{self.__module__}.{klass.__qualname__}',
            delim=' '))

-        if not _IN_CLI:
+        if not IN_CLI.value:
            write_debug(f'params: {self.params}')

-        if not _LAZY_LOADER:
-            if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'):
-                write_debug('Lazy loading extractors is forcibly disabled')
-            else:
-                write_debug('Lazy loading extractors is disabled')
+        import_extractors()
+        lazy_extractors = LAZY_EXTRACTORS.value
+        if lazy_extractors is None:
+            write_debug('Lazy loading extractors is disabled')
+        elif not lazy_extractors:
+            write_debug('Lazy loading extractors is forcibly disabled')
        if self.params['compat_opts']:
            write_debug('Compatibility options: {}'.format(', '.join(self.params['compat_opts'])))

@@ -4079,24 +4085,27 @@ class YoutubeDL:

        write_debug(f'Proxy map: {self.proxies}')
        write_debug(f'Request Handlers: {", ".join(rh.RH_NAME for rh in self._request_director.handlers.values())}')
-        if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS'):
-            write_debug('Plugins are forcibly disabled')
-            return

-        for plugin_type, plugins in {'Extractor': plugin_ies, 'Post-Processor': plugin_pps}.items():
-            display_list = ['{}{}'.format(
-                klass.__name__, '' if klass.__name__ == name else f' as {name}')
-                for name, klass in plugins.items()]
+        for plugin_type, plugins in (('Extractor', plugin_ies), ('Post-Processor', plugin_pps)):
+            display_list = [
+                klass.__name__ if klass.__name__ == name else f'{klass.__name__} as {name}'
+                for name, klass in plugins.value.items()]
            if plugin_type == 'Extractor':
                display_list.extend(f'{plugins[-1].IE_NAME.partition("+")[2]} ({parent.__name__})'
-                                    for parent, plugins in plugin_ie_overrides.items())
+                                    for parent, plugins in plugin_ies_overrides.value.items())
            if not display_list:
                continue
            write_debug(f'{plugin_type} Plugins: {", ".join(sorted(display_list))}')

-        plugin_dirs = plugin_directories()
-        if plugin_dirs:
-            write_debug(f'Plugin directories: {plugin_dirs}')
+        plugin_dirs_msg = 'none'
+        if not plugin_dirs.value:
+            plugin_dirs_msg = 'none (disabled)'
+        else:
+            found_plugin_directories = plugin_directories()
+            if found_plugin_directories:
+                plugin_dirs_msg = ', '.join(found_plugin_directories)
+
+        write_debug(f'Plugin directories: {plugin_dirs_msg}')

    @functools.cached_property
    def proxies(self):
--- a/yt_dlp/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/init.py
@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ from .downloader.external import get_external_downloader
 from .extractor import list_extractor_classes
 from .extractor.adobepass import MSO_INFO
 from .networking.impersonate import ImpersonateTarget
+from .globals import IN_CLI, plugin_dirs
 from .options import parseOpts
+from .plugins import load_all_plugins as _load_all_plugins
 from .postprocessor import (
    FFmpegExtractAudioPP,
    FFmpegMergerPP,
@@ -33,7 +35,6 @@ from .postprocessor import (
 )
 from .update import Updater
 from .utils import (
-    Config,
    NO_DEFAULT,
    POSTPROCESS_WHEN,
    DateRange,
@@ -66,8 +67,6 @@ from .utils.networking import std_headers
 from .utils._utils import _UnsafeExtensionError
 from .YoutubeDL import YoutubeDL

-_IN_CLI = False
-

 def _exit(status=0, *args):
    for msg in args:
@@ -433,6 +432,10 @@ def validate_options(opts):
    }

    # Other options
+    opts.plugin_dirs = opts.plugin_dirs
+    if opts.plugin_dirs is None:
+        opts.plugin_dirs = ['default']
+
    if opts.playlist_items is not None:
        try:
            tuple(PlaylistEntries.parse_playlist_items(opts.playlist_items))
@@ -973,11 +976,6 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):

    parser, opts, all_urls, ydl_opts = parse_options(argv)

-    # HACK: Set the plugin dirs early on
-    # TODO(coletdjnz): remove when plugin globals system is implemented
-    if opts.plugin_dirs is not None:
-        Config._plugin_dirs = list(map(expand_path, opts.plugin_dirs))
-
    # Dump user agent
    if opts.dump_user_agent:
        ua = traverse_obj(opts.headers, 'User-Agent', casesense=False, default=std_headers['User-Agent'])
@@ -992,6 +990,11 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):
    if opts.ffmpeg_location:
        FFmpegPostProcessor._ffmpeg_location.set(opts.ffmpeg_location)

+    # load all plugins into the global lookup
+    plugin_dirs.value = opts.plugin_dirs
+    if plugin_dirs.value:
+        _load_all_plugins()
+
    with YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:
        pre_process = opts.update_self or opts.rm_cachedir
        actual_use = all_urls or opts.load_info_filename
@@ -1091,8 +1094,7 @@ def _real_main(argv=None):


 def main(argv=None):
-    global _IN_CLI
-    _IN_CLI = True
+    IN_CLI.value = True
    try:
        _exit(*variadic(_real_main(argv)))
    except (CookieLoadError, DownloadError):
--- a/yt_dlp/aes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/aes.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def aes_ecb_encrypt(data, key, iv=None):
    @returns {int[]}           encrypted data
    """
    expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)

    encrypted_data = []
    for i in range(block_count):
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def aes_ecb_decrypt(data, key, iv=None):
    @returns {int[]}           decrypted data
    """
    expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)

    encrypted_data = []
    for i in range(block_count):
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ def aes_ctr_encrypt(data, key, iv):
    @returns {int[]}           encrypted data
    """
    expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)
    counter = iter_vector(iv)

    encrypted_data = []
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ def aes_cbc_decrypt(data, key, iv):
    @returns {int[]}           decrypted data
    """
    expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)

    decrypted_data = []
    previous_cipher_block = iv
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ def aes_cbc_encrypt(data, key, iv, *, padding_mode='pkcs7'):
    @returns {int[]}           encrypted data
    """
    expanded_key = key_expansion(key)
-    block_count = int(ceil(float(len(data)) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES))
+    block_count = ceil(len(data) / BLOCK_SIZE_BYTES)

    encrypted_data = []
    previous_cipher_block = iv
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/init.py
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ from .rtmp import RtmpFD
 from .rtsp import RtspFD
 from .websocket import WebSocketFragmentFD
 from .youtube_live_chat import YoutubeLiveChatFD
+from .bunnycdn import BunnyCdnFD

 PROTOCOL_MAP = {
    'rtmp': RtmpFD,
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ PROTOCOL_MAP = {
    'websocket_frag': WebSocketFragmentFD,
    'youtube_live_chat': YoutubeLiveChatFD,
    'youtube_live_chat_replay': YoutubeLiveChatFD,
+    'bunnycdn': BunnyCdnFD,
 }


--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/bunnycdn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/bunnycdn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import hashlib
+import random
+import threading
+
+from .common import FileDownloader
+from . import HlsFD
+from ..networking import Request
+from ..networking.exceptions import network_exceptions
+
+
+class BunnyCdnFD(FileDownloader):
+    """
+    Downloads from BunnyCDN with required pings
+    Note, this is not a part of public API, and will be removed without notice.
+    DO NOT USE
+    """
+
+    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
+        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading from BunnyCDN')
+
+        fd = HlsFD(self.ydl, self.params)
+
+        stop_event = threading.Event()
+        ping_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.ping_thread, args=(stop_event,), kwargs=info_dict['_bunnycdn_ping_data'])
+        ping_thread.start()
+
+        try:
+            return fd.real_download(filename, info_dict)
+        finally:
+            stop_event.set()
+
+    def ping_thread(self, stop_event, url, headers, secret, context_id):
+        # Site sends ping every 4 seconds, but this throttles the download. Pinging every 2 seconds seems to work.
+        ping_interval = 2
+        # Hard coded resolution as it doesn't seem to matter
+        res = 1080
+        paused = 'false'
+        current_time = 0
+
+        while not stop_event.wait(ping_interval):
+            current_time += ping_interval
+
+            time = current_time + round(random.random(), 6)
+            md5_hash = hashlib.md5(f'{secret}_{context_id}_{time}_{paused}_{res}'.encode()).hexdigest()
+            ping_url = f'{url}?hash={md5_hash}&time={time}&paused={paused}&resolution={res}'
+
+            try:
+                self.ydl.urlopen(Request(ping_url, headers=headers)).read()
+            except network_exceptions as e:
+                self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Ping failed: {e}')
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/common.py
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    timetuple_from_msec,
    try_call,
 )
+from ..utils._utils import _ProgressState


 class FileDownloader:
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
            progress_dict), s.get('progress_idx') or 0)
        self.to_console_title(self.ydl.evaluate_outtmpl(
            progress_template.get('download-title') or 'yt-dlp %(progress._default_template)s',
-            progress_dict))
+            progress_dict), _ProgressState.from_dict(s), s.get('_percent'))

    def _format_progress(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.ydl._format_text(
@@ -357,6 +358,7 @@ class FileDownloader:
                '_speed_str': self.format_speed(speed).strip(),
                '_total_bytes_str': _format_bytes('total_bytes'),
                '_elapsed_str': self.format_seconds(s.get('elapsed')),
+                '_percent': 100.0,
                '_percent_str': self.format_percent(100),
            })
            self._report_progress_status(s, join_nonempty(
@@ -375,13 +377,15 @@ class FileDownloader:
                    return
                self._progress_delta_time += update_delta

+        progress = try_call(
+            lambda: 100 * s['downloaded_bytes'] / s['total_bytes'],
+            lambda: 100 * s['downloaded_bytes'] / s['total_bytes_estimate'],
+            lambda: s['downloaded_bytes'] == 0 and 0)
        s.update({
            '_eta_str': self.format_eta(s.get('eta')).strip(),
            '_speed_str': self.format_speed(s.get('speed')),
-            '_percent_str': self.format_percent(try_call(
-                lambda: 100 * s['downloaded_bytes'] / s['total_bytes'],
-                lambda: 100 * s['downloaded_bytes'] / s['total_bytes_estimate'],
-                lambda: s['downloaded_bytes'] == 0 and 0)),
+            '_percent': progress,
+            '_percent_str': self.format_percent(progress),
            '_total_bytes_str': _format_bytes('total_bytes'),
            '_total_bytes_estimate_str': _format_bytes('total_bytes_estimate'),
            '_downloaded_bytes_str': _format_bytes('downloaded_bytes'),
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/external.py
@@ -457,8 +457,6 @@ class FFmpegFD(ExternalFD):

    @classmethod
    def available(cls, path=None):
-        # TODO: Fix path for ffmpeg
-        # Fixme: This may be wrong when --ffmpeg-location is used
        return FFmpegPostProcessor().available

    def on_process_started(self, proc, stdin):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/init.py
@@ -1,16 +1,25 @@
 from ..compat.compat_utils import passthrough_module
+from ..globals import extractors as _extractors_context
+from ..globals import plugin_ies as _plugin_ies_context
+from ..plugins import PluginSpec, register_plugin_spec

 passthrough_module(__name__, '.extractors')
 del passthrough_module

+register_plugin_spec(PluginSpec(
+    module_name='extractor',
+    suffix='IE',
+    destination=_extractors_context,
+    plugin_destination=_plugin_ies_context,
+))
+

 def gen_extractor_classes():
    """ Return a list of supported extractors.
    The order does matter; the first extractor matched is the one handling the URL.
    """
-    from .extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
-
-    return _ALL_CLASSES
+    import_extractors()
+    return list(_extractors_context.value.values())


 def gen_extractors():
@@ -37,6 +46,9 @@ def list_extractors(age_limit=None):

 def get_info_extractor(ie_name):
    """Returns the info extractor class with the given ie_name"""
-    from . import extractors
+    import_extractors()
+    return _extractors_context.value[f'{ie_name}IE']

-    return getattr(extractors, f'{ie_name}IE')
+
+def import_extractors():
+    from . import extractors  # noqa: F401
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@@ -312,6 +312,7 @@ from .brilliantpala import (
 )
 from .bundesliga import BundesligaIE
 from .bundestag import BundestagIE
+from .bunnycdn import BunnyCdnIE
 from .businessinsider import BusinessInsiderIE
 from .buzzfeed import BuzzFeedIE
 from .byutv import BYUtvIE
@@ -335,6 +336,7 @@ from .canal1 import Canal1IE
 from .canalalpha import CanalAlphaIE
 from .canalc2 import Canalc2IE
 from .canalplus import CanalplusIE
+from .canalsurmas import CanalsurmasIE
 from .caracoltv import CaracolTvPlayIE
 from .cartoonnetwork import CartoonNetworkIE
 from .cbc import (
@@ -1053,6 +1055,7 @@ from .livestream import (
 )
 from .livestreamfails import LivestreamfailsIE
 from .lnk import LnkIE
+from .loco import LocoIE
 from .loom import (
    LoomFolderIE,
    LoomIE,
@@ -1881,6 +1884,8 @@ from .skyit import (
    SkyItVideoIE,
    SkyItVideoLiveIE,
    TV8ItIE,
+    TV8ItLiveIE,
+    TV8ItPlaylistIE,
 )
 from .skylinewebcams import SkylineWebcamsIE
 from .skynewsarabia import (
@@ -1894,6 +1899,7 @@ from .slutload import SlutloadIE
 from .smotrim import SmotrimIE
 from .snapchat import SnapchatSpotlightIE
 from .snotr import SnotrIE
+from .softwhiteunderbelly import SoftWhiteUnderbellyIE
 from .sohu import (
    SohuIE,
    SohuVIE,
@@ -2222,6 +2228,7 @@ from .tvplay import (
    TVPlayIE,
 )
 from .tvplayer import TVPlayerIE
+from .tvw import TvwIE
 from .tweakers import TweakersIE
 from .twentymin import TwentyMinutenIE
 from .twentythreevideo import TwentyThreeVideoIE
@@ -2396,7 +2403,6 @@ from .voxmedia import (
 from .vrt import (
    VRTIE,
    DagelijkseKostIE,
-    KetnetIE,
    Radio1BeIE,
    VrtNUIE,
 )
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/afreecatv.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import datetime as dt
 import functools

 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -10,7 +11,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    filter_dict,
    int_or_none,
    orderedSet,
-    unified_timestamp,
+    parse_iso8601,
    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
@@ -87,9 +88,9 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
            'uploader_id': 'rlantnghks',
            'uploader': '페이즈으',
            'duration': 10840,
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://videoimg\.sooplive\.co/.kr/.+',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://videoimg\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/.+',
            'upload_date': '20230108',
-            'timestamp': 1673218805,
+            'timestamp': 1673186405,
            'title': '젠지 페이즈',
        },
        'params': {
@@ -102,7 +103,7 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
            'id': '20170411_BE689A0E_190960999_1_2_h',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': '혼자사는여자집',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://(?:video|st)img\.sooplive\.co\.kr/.+',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://(?:video|st)img\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/.+',
            'uploader': '♥이슬이',
            'uploader_id': 'dasl8121',
            'upload_date': '20170411',
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
            'id': '20180327_27901457_202289533_1',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': '[생]빨개요♥ (part 1)',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://(?:video|st)img\.sooplive\.co\.kr/.+',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://(?:video|st)img\.(?:sooplive\.co\.kr|afreecatv\.com)/.+',
            'uploader': '[SA]서아',
            'uploader_id': 'bjdyrksu',
            'upload_date': '20180327',
@@ -187,7 +188,7 @@ class AfreecaTVIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
                'formats': formats,
                **traverse_obj(file_element, {
                    'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
-                    'timestamp': ('file_start', {unified_timestamp}),
+                    'timestamp': ('file_start', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ', timezone=dt.timedelta(hours=9))}),
                }),
            })

@@ -370,7 +371,7 @@ class AfreecaTVLiveIE(AfreecaTVBaseIE):
            'title': channel_info.get('TITLE') or station_info.get('station_title'),
            'uploader': channel_info.get('BJNICK') or station_info.get('station_name'),
            'uploader_id': broadcaster_id,
-            'timestamp': unified_timestamp(station_info.get('broad_start')),
+            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(station_info.get('broad_start'), delimiter=' ', timezone=dt.timedelta(hours=9)),
            'formats': formats,
            'is_live': True,
            'http_headers': {'Referer': url},
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/azmedien.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/azmedien.py
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
-import json
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from .kaltura import KalturaIE
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj


 class AZMedienIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -9,15 +8,15 @@ class AZMedienIE(InfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
                    https?://
                        (?:www\.|tv\.)?
-                        (?P<host>
+                        (?:
                            telezueri\.ch|
                            telebaern\.tv|
                            telem1\.ch|
                            tvo-online\.ch
                        )/
-                        [^/]+/
+                        [^/?#]+/
                        (?P<id>
-                            [^/]+-(?P<article_id>\d+)
+                            [^/?#]+-\d+
                        )
                        (?:
                            \#video=
@@ -47,19 +46,17 @@ class AZMedienIE(InfoExtractor):
        'url': 'https://www.telebaern.tv/telebaern-news/montag-1-oktober-2018-ganze-sendung-133531189#video=0_7xjo9lf1',
        'only_matching': True,
    }]
-    _API_TEMPL = 'https://www.%s/api/pub/gql/%s/NewsArticleTeaser/a4016f65fe62b81dc6664dd9f4910e4ab40383be'
    _PARTNER_ID = '1719221'

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        host, display_id, article_id, entry_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        display_id, entry_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()

        if not entry_id:
-            entry_id = self._download_json(
-                self._API_TEMPL % (host, host.split('.')[0]), display_id, query={
-                    'variables': json.dumps({
-                        'contextId': 'NewsArticle:' + article_id,
-                    }),
-                })['data']['context']['mainAsset']['video']['kaltura']['kalturaId']
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+            data = self._search_json(
+                r'window\.__APOLLO_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'video data', display_id)
+            entry_id = traverse_obj(data, (
+                lambda _, v: v['__typename'] == 'KalturaData', 'kalturaId', any, {require('kaltura id')}))

        return self.url_result(
            f'kaltura:{self._PARTNER_ID}:{entry_id}',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bandlab.py
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ class BandlabBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                'webpage_url': (
                    'id', ({value(url)}, {format_field(template='https://www.bandlab.com/post/%s')}), filter, any),
                'url': ('video', 'url', {url_or_none}),
-                'title': ('caption', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=50)}),
+                'title': ('caption', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=72)}),
                'description': ('caption', {str}),
                'thumbnail': ('video', 'picture', 'url', {url_or_none}),
                'view_count': ('video', 'counters', 'plays', {int_or_none}),
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
            'duration': 54.629999999999995,
            'title': 'sweet black',
            'upload_date': '20231210',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
            'genres': ['Lofi'],
            'uploader': 'ender milze',
            'comment_count': int,
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
            'duration': 54.629999999999995,
            'title': 'sweet black',
            'upload_date': '20231210',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/fa082beb-b856-4730-9170-a57e4e32cc2c/',
            'genres': ['Lofi'],
            'uploader': 'ender milze',
            'comment_count': int,
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
            'comment_count': int,
            'genres': ['Other'],
            'uploader_id': 'user8353034818103753',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/51b18363-da23-4b9b-a29c-2933a3e561ca/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/51b18363-da23-4b9b-a29c-2933a3e561ca/',
            'timestamp': 1709625771,
            'track': 'PodcastMaerchen4b',
            'duration': 468.14,
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
            'id': '110343fc-148b-ea11-96d2-0003ffd1fc09',
            'ext': 'm4a',
            'timestamp': 1588273294,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/b612e533-e4f7-4542-9f50-3fcfd8dd822c/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/b612e533-e4f7-4542-9f50-3fcfd8dd822c/',
            'description': 'Final Revision.',
            'title': 'Replay ( Instrumental)',
            'uploader': 'David R Sparks',
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
            'id': '5cdf9036-3857-ef11-991a-6045bd36e0d9',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'duration': 44.705,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/videos/67c6cef1-cef6-40d3-831e-a55bc1dcb972/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/videos/67c6cef1-cef6-40d3-831e-a55bc1dcb972/',
            'comment_count': int,
            'title': 'backing vocals',
            'uploader_id': 'marliashya',
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
            'view_count': int,
            'track': 'Positronic Meltdown',
            'duration': 318.55,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/87165bc3-5439-496e-b1f7-a9f13b541ff2/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/songs/87165bc3-5439-496e-b1f7-a9f13b541ff2/',
            'description': 'Checkout my tracks at AOMX http://aomxsounds.com/',
            'uploader_id': 'microfreaks',
            'title': 'Positronic Meltdown',
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ class BandlabIE(BandlabBaseIE):
            'comment_count': int,
            'uploader': 'Sorakime',
            'uploader_id': 'sorakime',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://bandlabimages.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/572a351a-0f3a-4c6a-ac39-1a5defdeeb1c/',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://bl-prod-images.azureedge.net/v1.0/users/572a351a-0f3a-4c6a-ac39-1a5defdeeb1c/',
            'timestamp': 1691162128,
            'upload_date': '20230804',
            'media_type': 'track',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bilibili.py
@@ -1596,16 +1596,16 @@ class BilibiliPlaylistIE(BilibiliSpaceListBaseIE):

        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, list_id)
        initial_state = self._search_json(r'window\.__INITIAL_STATE__\s*=', webpage, 'initial state', list_id)
-        if traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'code', {int_or_none})) != 200:
-            error_code = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'trueCode', {int_or_none}))
-            error_message = traverse_obj(initial_state, ('error', 'message', {str_or_none}))
+        error = traverse_obj(initial_state, (('error', 'listError'), all, lambda _, v: v['code'], any))
+        if error and error['code'] != 200:
+            error_code = error.get('trueCode')
            if error_code == -400 and list_id == 'watchlater':
                self.raise_login_required('You need to login to access your watchlater playlist')
            elif error_code == -403:
                self.raise_login_required('This is a private playlist. You need to login as its owner')
            elif error_code == 11010:
                raise ExtractorError('Playlist is no longer available', expected=True)
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Could not access playlist: {error_code} {error_message}')
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Could not access playlist: {error_code} {error.get("message")}')

        query = {
            'ps': 20,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bluesky.py
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ class BlueskyIE(InfoExtractor):
            'channel_id': 'did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
-            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to versi...',
+            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to version 1.91 or refresh on ...',
            'alt_title': 'Bluesky video feature announcement',
            'description': r're:(?s)Bluesky now has video! .{239}',
            'upload_date': '20240911',
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ class BlueskyIE(InfoExtractor):
            'channel_id': 'did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
            'channel_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/did:plc:z72i7hdynmk6r22z27h6tvur',
            'thumbnail': r're:https://video.bsky.app/watch/.*\.jpg$',
-            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to versi...',
+            'title': 'Bluesky now has video! Update your app to version 1.91 or refresh on ...',
            'alt_title': 'Bluesky video feature announcement',
            'description': r're:(?s)Bluesky now has video! .{239}',
            'upload_date': '20240911',
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ class BlueskyIE(InfoExtractor):
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '3l7rdfxhyds2f',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'uploader': 'cinnamon',
+            'uploader': 'cinnamon 🐇 🏳️‍⚧️',
            'uploader_id': 'cinny.bun.how',
            'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/cinny.bun.how',
            'channel_id': 'did:plc:7x6rtuenkuvxq3zsvffp2ide',
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ class BlueskyIE(InfoExtractor):
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '3l77u64l7le2e',
                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'hearing people on twitter say that bluesky isn\'...',
+                'title': "hearing people on twitter say that bluesky isn't funny yet  so post t...",
                'like_count': int,
                'uploader_id': 'thafnine.net',
                'uploader_url': 'https://bsky.app/profile/thafnine.net',
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ class BlueskyIE(InfoExtractor):
                'age_limit': (
                    'labels', ..., 'val', {lambda x: 18 if x in ('sexual', 'porn', 'graphic-media') else None}, any),
                'description': (*record_path, 'text', {str}, filter),
-                'title': (*record_path, 'text', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=50)}),
+                'title': (*record_path, 'text', {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=72)}),
            }),
        })
        return entries
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bunnycdn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bunnycdn.py
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    extract_attributes,
+    int_or_none,
+    parse_qs,
+    smuggle_url,
+    unsmuggle_url,
+    url_or_none,
+    urlhandle_detect_ext,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
+
+
+class BunnyCdnIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:iframe\.mediadelivery\.net|video\.bunnycdn\.com)/(?:embed|play)/(?P<library_id>\d+)/(?P<id>[\da-f-]+)'
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+src=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL}[^\'"]*)[\'"]']
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/113933/e73edec1-e381-4c8b-ae73-717a140e0924',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e73edec1-e381-4c8b-ae73-717a140e0924',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'mistress morgana (3).mp4',
+            'description': '',
+            'timestamp': 1693251673,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/e73edec1-e381-4c8b-ae73-717a140e0924/thumbnail\.jpg',
+            'duration': 7.0,
+            'upload_date': '20230828',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/play/136145/32e34c4b-0d72-437c-9abb-05e67657da34',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '32e34c4b-0d72-437c-9abb-05e67657da34',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'timestamp': 1691145748,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/32e34c4b-0d72-437c-9abb-05e67657da34/thumbnail_9172dc16\.jpg',
+            'duration': 106.0,
+            'description': 'md5:981a3e899a5c78352b21ed8b2f1efd81',
+            'upload_date': '20230804',
+            'title': 'Sanela ist Teil der #arbeitsmarktkraft',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        # Stream requires activation and pings
+        'url': 'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/200867/2e8545ec-509d-4571-b855-4cf0235ccd75',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2e8545ec-509d-4571-b855-4cf0235ccd75',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'timestamp': 1708497752,
+            'title': 'netflix part 1',
+            'duration': 3959.0,
+            'description': '',
+            'upload_date': '20240221',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/2e8545ec-509d-4571-b855-4cf0235ccd75/thumbnail\.jpg',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }]
+    _WEBPAGE_TESTS = [{
+        # Stream requires Referer
+        'url': 'https://conword.io/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3a5d863e-9cd6-447e-b6ef-e289af50b349',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Conword bei der Stadt Köln und Stadt Dortmund',
+            'description': '',
+            'upload_date': '20231031',
+            'duration': 31.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://video.watchuh.com/3a5d863e-9cd6-447e-b6ef-e289af50b349/thumbnail.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1698783879,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        # URL requires token and expires
+        'url': 'https://www.stockphotos.com/video/moscow-subway-the-train-is-arriving-at-the-park-kultury-station-10017830',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '0b02fa20-4e8c-4140-8f87-f64d820a3386',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/0b02fa20-4e8c-4140-8f87-f64d820a3386/thumbnail\.jpg',
+            'title': 'Moscow subway. The train is arriving at the Park Kultury station.',
+            'upload_date': '20240531',
+            'duration': 18.0,
+            'timestamp': 1717152269,
+            'description': '',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }]
+
+    @classmethod
+    def _extract_embed_urls(cls, url, webpage):
+        for embed_url in super()._extract_embed_urls(url, webpage):
+            yield smuggle_url(embed_url, {'Referer': url})
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        url, smuggled_data = unsmuggle_url(url, {})
+
+        video_id, library_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'library_id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(
+            f'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/{library_id}/{video_id}', video_id,
+            headers=traverse_obj(smuggled_data, {'Referer': 'Referer'}),
+            query=traverse_obj(parse_qs(url), {'token': 'token', 'expires': 'expires'}))
+
+        if html_title := self._html_extract_title(webpage, default=None) == '403':
+            raise ExtractorError(
+                'This video is inaccessible. Setting a Referer header '
+                'might be required to access the video', expected=True)
+        elif html_title == '404':
+            raise ExtractorError('This video does not exist', expected=True)
+
+        headers = {'Referer': url}
+
+        info = traverse_obj(self._parse_html5_media_entries(url, webpage, video_id, _headers=headers), 0) or {}
+        formats = info.get('formats') or []
+        subtitles = info.get('subtitles') or {}
+
+        original_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'(?:var|const|let)\s+originalUrl\s*=\s*["\']([^"\']+)["\']', webpage, 'original url', default=None)
+        if url_or_none(original_url):
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                HEADRequest(original_url), video_id=video_id, note='Checking original',
+                headers=headers, fatal=False, expected_status=(403, 404))
+            if urlh and urlh.status == 200:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': original_url,
+                    'format_id': 'source',
+                    'quality': 1,
+                    'http_headers': headers,
+                    'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh, default='mp4'),
+                    'filesize': int_or_none(urlh.get_header('Content-Length')),
+                })
+
+        # MediaCage Streams require activation and pings
+        src_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'\.setAttribute\([\'"]src[\'"],\s*[\'"]([^\'"]+)[\'"]\)', webpage, 'src url', default=None)
+        activation_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'loadUrl\([\'"]([^\'"]+/activate)[\'"]', webpage, 'activation url', default=None)
+        ping_url = self._search_regex(
+            r'loadUrl\([\'"]([^\'"]+/ping)[\'"]', webpage, 'ping url', default=None)
+        secret = traverse_obj(parse_qs(src_url), ('secret', 0))
+        context_id = traverse_obj(parse_qs(src_url), ('contextId', 0))
+        ping_data = {}
+        if src_url and activation_url and ping_url and secret and context_id:
+            self._download_webpage(
+                activation_url, video_id, headers=headers, note='Downloading activation data')
+
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                src_url, video_id, 'mp4', headers=headers, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            for fmt in fmts:
+                fmt.update({
+                    'protocol': 'bunnycdn',
+                    'http_headers': headers,
+                })
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+            ping_data = {
+                '_bunnycdn_ping_data': {
+                    'url': ping_url,
+                    'headers': headers,
+                    'secret': secret,
+                    'context_id': context_id,
+                },
+            }
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(id='main-video', html=True)}, {extract_attributes}, {
+                'title': ('data-plyr-config', {json.loads}, 'title', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('data-poster', {url_or_none}),
+            })),
+            **ping_data,
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, fatal=False),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/canalsurmas.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/canalsurmas.py
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+import json
+import time
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    float_or_none,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    url_or_none,
+    variadic,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class CanalsurmasIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?canalsurmas\.es/videos/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.canalsurmas.es/videos/44006-el-gran-queo-1-lora-del-rio-sevilla-20072014',
+        'md5': '861f86fdc1221175e15523047d0087ef',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '44006',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Lora del Río (Sevilla)',
+            'description': 'md5:3d9ee40a9b1b26ed8259e6b71ed27b8b',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn2.rtva.interactvty.com/content_cards/00f3e8f67b0a4f3b90a4a14618a48b0d.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1648123182,
+            'upload_date': '20220324',
+        },
+    }]
+    _API_BASE = 'https://api-rtva.interactvty.com'
+    _access_token = None
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_jwt_expired(token):
+        return jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp'] - time.time() < 300
+
+    def _call_api(self, endpoint, video_id, fields=None):
+        if not self._access_token or self._is_jwt_expired(self._access_token):
+            self._access_token = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._API_BASE}/jwt/token/', None,
+                'Downloading access token', 'Failed to download access token',
+                headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
+                data=json.dumps({
+                    'username': 'canalsur_demo',
+                    'password': 'dsUBXUcI',
+                }).encode())['access']
+
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'{self._API_BASE}/api/2.0/contents/{endpoint}/{video_id}/', video_id,
+            f'Downloading {endpoint} API JSON', f'Failed to download {endpoint} API JSON',
+            headers={'Authorization': f'jwtok {self._access_token}'},
+            query={'optional_fields': ','.join(variadic(fields))} if fields else None)
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        video_info = self._call_api('content', video_id, fields=[
+            'description', 'image', 'duration', 'created_at', 'tags',
+        ])
+        stream_info = self._call_api('content_resources', video_id, 'media_url')
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for stream_url in traverse_obj(stream_info, ('results', ..., 'media_url', {url_or_none})):
+            if determine_ext(stream_url) == 'm3u8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    stream_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            else:
+                formats.append({'url': stream_url})
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
+                'title': ('name', {str.strip}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('created_at', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+            }),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cbc.py
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
-import base64
 import functools
-import json
 import re
 import time
 import urllib.parse

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking import HEADRequest
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    float_or_none,
    int_or_none,
    js_to_json,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
    mimetype2ext,
    orderedSet,
    parse_age_limit,
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    update_url,
    url_basename,
    url_or_none,
+    urlencode_postdata,
 )
 from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj, trim_str

@@ -608,66 +609,82 @@ class CBCGemIE(CBCGemBaseIE):
        'only_matching': True,
    }]

-    _TOKEN_API_KEY = '3f4beddd-2061-49b0-ae80-6f1f2ed65b37'
+    _CLIENT_ID = 'fc05b0ee-3865-4400-a3cc-3da82c330c23'
+    _refresh_token = None
+    _access_token = None
    _claims_token = None

-    def _new_claims_token(self, email, password):
-        data = json.dumps({
-            'email': email,
-            'password': password,
-        }).encode()
-        headers = {'content-type': 'application/json'}
-        query = {'apikey': self._TOKEN_API_KEY}
-        resp = self._download_json('https://api.loginradius.com/identity/v2/auth/login',
-                                   None, data=data, headers=headers, query=query)
-        access_token = resp['access_token']
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def _ropc_settings(self):
+        return self._download_json(
+            'https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/catalog/v1/gem/settings', None,
+            'Downloading site settings', query={'device': 'web'})['identityManagement']['ropc']

-        query = {
-            'access_token': access_token,
-            'apikey': self._TOKEN_API_KEY,
-            'jwtapp': 'jwt',
-        }
-        resp = self._download_json('https://cloud-api.loginradius.com/sso/jwt/api/token',
-                                   None, headers=headers, query=query)
-        sig = resp['signature']
+    def _is_jwt_expired(self, token):
+        return jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp'] - time.time() < 300

-        data = json.dumps({'jwt': sig}).encode()
-        headers = {'content-type': 'application/json', 'ott-device-type': 'web'}
-        resp = self._download_json('https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/token',
-                                   None, data=data, headers=headers, expected_status=426)
-        cbc_access_token = resp['accessToken']
+    def _call_oauth_api(self, oauth_data, note='Refreshing access token'):
+        response = self._download_json(
+            self._ropc_settings['url'], None, note, data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                **oauth_data,
+                'scope': self._ropc_settings['scopes'],
+            }))
+        self._refresh_token = response['refresh_token']
+        self._access_token = response['access_token']
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', [self._refresh_token, self._access_token])

-        headers = {'content-type': 'application/json', 'ott-device-type': 'web', 'ott-access-token': cbc_access_token}
-        resp = self._download_json('https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/cbc-api/v2/profile',
-                                   None, headers=headers, expected_status=426)
-        return resp['claimsToken']
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if not self._refresh_token:
+            self._refresh_token, self._access_token = self.cache.load(
+                self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', default=[None, None])

-    def _get_claims_token_expiry(self):
-        # Token is a JWT
-        # JWT is decoded here and 'exp' field is extracted
-        # It is a Unix timestamp for when the token expires
-        b64_data = self._claims_token.split('.')[1]
-        data = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(b64_data + '==')
-        return json.loads(data)['exp']
-
-    def claims_token_expired(self):
-        exp = self._get_claims_token_expiry()
-        # It will expire in less than 10 seconds, or has already expired
-        return exp - time.time() < 10
-
-    def claims_token_valid(self):
-        return self._claims_token is not None and not self.claims_token_expired()
-
-    def _get_claims_token(self, email, password):
-        if not self.claims_token_valid():
-            self._claims_token = self._new_claims_token(email, password)
-            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'claims_token', self._claims_token)
-        return self._claims_token
-
-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        if self.claims_token_valid():
+        if self._refresh_token and self._access_token:
+            self.write_debug('Using cached refresh token')
+            if not self._claims_token:
+                self._claims_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'claims_token')
            return
-        self._claims_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'claims_token')
+
+        try:
+            self._call_oauth_api({
+                'grant_type': 'password',
+                'username': username,
+                'password': password,
+            }, note='Logging in')
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
+                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username and/or password', expected=True)
+            raise
+
+    def _fetch_access_token(self):
+        if self._is_jwt_expired(self._access_token):
+            try:
+                self._call_oauth_api({
+                    'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
+                    'refresh_token': self._refresh_token,
+                })
+            except ExtractorError:
+                self._refresh_token, self._access_token = None, None
+                self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', [None, None])
+                self.report_warning('Refresh token has been invalidated; retrying with credentials')
+                self._perform_login(*self._get_login_info())
+
+        return self._access_token
+
+    def _fetch_claims_token(self):
+        if not self._get_login_info()[0]:
+            return None
+
+        if not self._claims_token or self._is_jwt_expired(self._claims_token):
+            self._claims_token = self._download_json(
+                'https://services.radio-canada.ca/ott/subscription/v2/gem/Subscriber/profile',
+                None, 'Downloading claims token', query={'device': 'web'},
+                headers={'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._fetch_access_token()}'})['claimsToken']
+            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'claims_token', self._claims_token)
+        else:
+            self.write_debug('Using cached claims token')
+
+        return self._claims_token

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id, season_number = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'season')
@@ -675,14 +692,10 @@ class CBCGemIE(CBCGemBaseIE):
        item_info = traverse_obj(video_info, (
            'content', ..., 'lineups', ..., 'items',
            lambda _, v: v['url'] == video_id, any, {require('item info')}))
-        media_id = item_info['idMedia']

-        email, password = self._get_login_info()
-        if email and password:
-            claims_token = self._get_claims_token(email, password)
-            headers = {'x-claims-token': claims_token}
-        else:
-            headers = {}
+        headers = {}
+        if claims_token := self._fetch_claims_token():
+            headers['x-claims-token'] = claims_token

        m3u8_info = self._download_json(
            'https://services.radio-canada.ca/media/validation/v2/',
@@ -695,7 +708,7 @@ class CBCGemIE(CBCGemBaseIE):
                'tech': 'hls',
                'manifestVersion': '2',
                'manifestType': 'desktop',
-                'idMedia': media_id,
+                'idMedia': item_info['idMedia'],
            })

        if m3u8_info.get('errorCode') == 1:
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
@@ -121,10 +121,7 @@ class CDAIE(InfoExtractor):
            }, **kwargs)

    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        app_version = random.choice((
-            '1.2.88 build 15306',
-            '1.2.174 build 18469',
-        ))
+        app_version = '1.2.255 build 21541'
        android_version = random.randrange(8, 14)
        phone_model = random.choice((
            # x-kom.pl top selling Android smartphones, as of 2022-12-26
@@ -190,7 +187,7 @@ class CDAIE(InfoExtractor):
        meta = self._download_json(
            f'{self._BASE_API_URL}/video/{video_id}', video_id, headers=self._API_HEADERS)['video']

-        uploader = traverse_obj(meta, 'author', 'login')
+        uploader = traverse_obj(meta, ('author', 'login', {str}))

        formats = [{
            'url': quality['file'],
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ from ..compat import (
 from ..cookies import LenientSimpleCookie
 from ..downloader.f4m import get_base_url, remove_encrypted_media
 from ..downloader.hls import HlsFD
+from ..globals import plugin_ies_overrides
 from ..networking import HEADRequest, Request
 from ..networking.exceptions import (
    HTTPError,
@@ -2934,8 +2935,7 @@ class InfoExtractor:
                            segment_duration = None
                            if 'total_number' not in representation_ms_info and 'segment_duration' in representation_ms_info:
                                segment_duration = float_or_none(representation_ms_info['segment_duration'], representation_ms_info['timescale'])
-                                representation_ms_info['total_number'] = int(math.ceil(
-                                    float_or_none(period_duration, segment_duration, default=0)))
+                                representation_ms_info['total_number'] = math.ceil(float_or_none(period_duration, segment_duration, default=0))
                            representation_ms_info['fragments'] = [{
                                media_location_key: media_template % {
                                    'Number': segment_number,
@@ -3954,14 +3954,18 @@ class InfoExtractor:
    def __init_subclass__(cls, *, plugin_name=None, **kwargs):
        if plugin_name:
            mro = inspect.getmro(cls)
-            super_class = cls.__wrapped__ = mro[mro.index(cls) + 1]
-            cls.PLUGIN_NAME, cls.ie_key = plugin_name, super_class.ie_key
-            cls.IE_NAME = f'{super_class.IE_NAME}+{plugin_name}'
+            next_mro_class = super_class = mro[mro.index(cls) + 1]
+
            while getattr(super_class, '__wrapped__', None):
                super_class = super_class.__wrapped__
-            setattr(sys.modules[super_class.__module__], super_class.__name__, cls)
-            _PLUGIN_OVERRIDES[super_class].append(cls)

+            if not any(override.PLUGIN_NAME == plugin_name for override in plugin_ies_overrides.value[super_class]):
+                cls.__wrapped__ = next_mro_class
+                cls.PLUGIN_NAME, cls.ie_key = plugin_name, next_mro_class.ie_key
+                cls.IE_NAME = f'{next_mro_class.IE_NAME}+{plugin_name}'
+
+                setattr(sys.modules[super_class.__module__], super_class.__name__, cls)
+                plugin_ies_overrides.value[super_class].append(cls)
        return super().__init_subclass__(**kwargs)


@@ -4017,6 +4021,3 @@ class UnsupportedURLIE(InfoExtractor):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        raise UnsupportedError(url)
-
-
-_PLUGIN_OVERRIDES = collections.defaultdict(list)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cultureunplugged.py
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from ..utils import int_or_none


 class CultureUnpluggedIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cultureunplugged\.com/documentary/watch-online/play/(?P<id>\d+)(?:/(?P<display_id>[^/]+))?'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cultureunplugged\.com/(?:documentary/watch-online/)?play/(?P<id>\d+)(?:/(?P<display_id>[^/#?]+))?'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'http://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/53662/The-Next--Best-West',
        'md5': 'ac6c093b089f7d05e79934dcb3d228fc',
@@ -12,12 +12,25 @@ class CultureUnpluggedIE(InfoExtractor):
            'display_id': 'The-Next--Best-West',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'The Next, Best West',
-            'description': 'md5:0423cd00833dea1519cf014e9d0903b1',
+            'description': 'md5:770033a3b7c2946a3bcfb7f1c6fb7045',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg$',
-            'creator': 'Coldstream Creative',
+            'creators': ['Coldstream Creative'],
            'duration': 2203,
            'view_count': int,
        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.cultureunplugged.com/play/2833/Koi-Sunta-Hai--Journeys-with-Kumar---Kabir--Someone-is-Listening-',
+        'md5': 'dc2014bc470dfccba389a1c934fa29fa',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2833',
+            'display_id': 'Koi-Sunta-Hai--Journeys-with-Kumar---Kabir--Someone-is-Listening-',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Koi Sunta Hai: Journeys with Kumar & Kabir (Someone is Listening)',
+            'description': 'md5:fa94ac934927c98660362b8285b2cda5',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://s3.amazonaws.com/cdn.cultureunplugged.com/thumbnails_16_9/lg/2833.jpg',
+            'creators': ['Srishti'],
+        },
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.cultureunplugged.com/documentary/watch-online/play/53662',
        'only_matching': True,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dailymotion.py
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ class DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):

 class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL = r'''(?ix)
-                    https?://
+                    (?:https?:)?//
                    (?:
                        dai\.ly/|
                        (?:
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
                    (?P<id>[^/?_&#]+)(?:[\w-]*\?playlist=(?P<playlist_id>x[0-9a-z]+))?
    '''
    IE_NAME = 'dailymotion'
-    _EMBED_REGEX = [r'<(?:(?:embed|iframe)[^>]+?src=|input[^>]+id=[\'"]dmcloudUrlEmissionSelect[\'"][^>]+value=)(["\'])(?P<url>(?:https?:)?//(?:www\.)?dailymotion\.com/(?:embed|swf)/video/.+?)\1']
+    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'(?ix)<(?:(?:embed|iframe)[^>]+?src=|input[^>]+id=[\'"]dmcloudUrlEmissionSelect[\'"][^>]+value=)["\'](?P<url>{_VALID_URL[5:]})']
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x5kesuj_office-christmas-party-review-jason-bateman-olivia-munn-t-j-miller_news',
        'md5': '074b95bdee76b9e3654137aee9c79dfe',
@@ -308,6 +308,25 @@ class DailymotionIE(DailymotionBaseInfoExtractor):
            'description': 'Que lindura',
            'tags': [],
        },
+    }, {
+        # //geo.dailymotion.com/player/xysxq.html?video=k2Y4Mjp7krAF9iCuINM
+        'url': 'https://lcp.fr/programmes/avant-la-catastrophe-la-naissance-de-la-dictature-nazie-1933-1936-346819',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'k2Y4Mjp7krAF9iCuINM',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Avant la catastrophe la naissance de la dictature nazie 1933 -1936',
+            'description': 'md5:7b620d5e26edbe45f27bbddc1c0257c1',
+            'uploader': 'LCP Assemblée nationale',
+            'uploader_id': 'xbz33d',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 3220,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://s1.dmcdn.net/v/Xvumk1djJBUZfjj2a/x1080',
+            'tags': [],
+            'timestamp': 1739919947,
+            'upload_date': '20250218',
+        },
    }]
    _GEO_BYPASS = False
    _COMMON_MEDIA_FIELDS = '''description
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
@@ -1,28 +1,37 @@
-import contextlib
+import inspect
 import os

-from ..plugins import load_plugins
+from ..globals import LAZY_EXTRACTORS
+from ..globals import extractors as _extractors_context

-# NB: Must be before other imports so that plugins can be correctly injected
-_PLUGIN_CLASSES = load_plugins('extractor', 'IE')
+_CLASS_LOOKUP = None
+if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'):
+    LAZY_EXTRACTORS.value = False
+else:
+    try:
+        from .lazy_extractors import _CLASS_LOOKUP
+        LAZY_EXTRACTORS.value = True
+    except ImportError:
+        LAZY_EXTRACTORS.value = None

-_LAZY_LOADER = False
-if not os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_LAZY_EXTRACTORS'):
-    with contextlib.suppress(ImportError):
-        from .lazy_extractors import *  # noqa: F403
-        from .lazy_extractors import _ALL_CLASSES
-        _LAZY_LOADER = True
+if not _CLASS_LOOKUP:
+    from . import _extractors

-if not _LAZY_LOADER:
-    from ._extractors import *  # noqa: F403
-    _ALL_CLASSES = [  # noqa: F811
-        klass
-        for name, klass in globals().items()
+    _CLASS_LOOKUP = {
+        name: value
+        for name, value in inspect.getmembers(_extractors)
        if name.endswith('IE') and name != 'GenericIE'
-    ]
-    _ALL_CLASSES.append(GenericIE)  # noqa: F405
+    }
+    _CLASS_LOOKUP['GenericIE'] = _extractors.GenericIE

-globals().update(_PLUGIN_CLASSES)
-_ALL_CLASSES[:0] = _PLUGIN_CLASSES.values()
+# We want to append to the main lookup
+_current = _extractors_context.value
+for name, ie in _CLASS_LOOKUP.items():
+    _current.setdefault(name, ie)

-from .common import _PLUGIN_OVERRIDES  # noqa: F401
+
+def __getattr__(name):
+    value = _CLASS_LOOKUP.get(name)
+    if not value:
+        raise AttributeError(f'module {__name__} has no attribute {name}')
+    return value
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/gigya.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/gigya.py
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import (
-    ExtractorError,
-    urlencode_postdata,
-)
-
-
-class GigyaBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    def _gigya_login(self, auth_data):
-        auth_info = self._download_json(
-            'https://accounts.eu1.gigya.com/accounts.login', None,
-            note='Logging in', errnote='Unable to log in',
-            data=urlencode_postdata(auth_data))
-
-        error_message = auth_info.get('errorDetails') or auth_info.get('errorMessage')
-        if error_message:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                f'Unable to login: {error_message}', expected=True)
-        return auth_info
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/globo.py
@@ -69,8 +69,13 @@ class GloboIE(InfoExtractor):
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '8013907',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Capítulo de 14⧸08⧸1989',
+            'title': 'Capítulo de 14/08/1989',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
            'episode_number': 1,
+            'uploader': 'Tieta',
+            'uploader_id': '11895',
+            'duration': 2858.389,
+            'subtitles': 'count:1',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
@@ -82,7 +87,12 @@ class GloboIE(InfoExtractor):
            'id': '12824146',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Acordo de damas',
+            'episode': 'Episode 1',
            'episode_number': 1,
+            'uploader': 'Rensga Hits!',
+            'uploader_id': '20481',
+            'duration': 1953.994,
+            'season': 'Season 2',
            'season_number': 2,
        },
        'params': {
@@ -136,9 +146,10 @@ class GloboIE(InfoExtractor):
        else:
            formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
                main_source['url'], video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls')
-        self._merge_subtitles(traverse_obj(main_source, ('text', ..., {
-            'url': ('subtitle', 'srt', 'url', {url_or_none}),
-        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='en')})), target=subtitles)
+
+        self._merge_subtitles(traverse_obj(main_source, ('text', ..., ('caption', 'subtitle'), {
+            'url': ('srt', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='pt-BR')})), target=subtitles)

        return {
            'id': video_id,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/instagram.py
@@ -2,12 +2,12 @@ import hashlib
 import itertools
 import json
 import re
-import time

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
+    bug_reports_message,
    decode_base_n,
    encode_base_n,
    filter_dict,
@@ -15,12 +15,12 @@ from ..utils import (
    format_field,
    get_element_by_attribute,
    int_or_none,
+    join_nonempty,
    lowercase_escape,
    str_or_none,
    str_to_int,
    traverse_obj,
    url_or_none,
-    urlencode_postdata,
 )

 _ENCODING_CHARS = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-_'
@@ -28,63 +28,30 @@ _ENCODING_CHARS = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz012345678

 def _pk_to_id(media_id):
    """Source: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24437823/getting-instagram-post-url-from-media-id"""
-    return encode_base_n(int(media_id.split('_')[0]), table=_ENCODING_CHARS)
+    pk = int(str(media_id).split('_')[0])
+    return encode_base_n(pk, table=_ENCODING_CHARS)


 def _id_to_pk(shortcode):
-    """Covert a shortcode to a numeric value"""
-    return decode_base_n(shortcode[:11], table=_ENCODING_CHARS)
+    """Convert a shortcode to a numeric value"""
+    if len(shortcode) > 28:
+        shortcode = shortcode[:-28]
+    return decode_base_n(shortcode, table=_ENCODING_CHARS)


 class InstagramBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'instagram'
-    _IS_LOGGED_IN = False
-
    _API_BASE_URL = 'https://i.instagram.com/api/v1'
    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.instagram.com/accounts/login'
-    _API_HEADERS = {
-        'X-IG-App-ID': '936619743392459',
-        'X-ASBD-ID': '198387',
-        'X-IG-WWW-Claim': '0',
-        'Origin': 'https://www.instagram.com',
-        'Accept': '*/*',
-    }

-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        if self._IS_LOGGED_IN:
-            return
-
-        login_webpage = self._download_webpage(
-            self._LOGIN_URL, None, note='Downloading login webpage', errnote='Failed to download login webpage')
-
-        shared_data = self._parse_json(self._search_regex(
-            r'window\._sharedData\s*=\s*({.+?});', login_webpage, 'shared data', default='{}'), None)
-
-        login = self._download_json(
-            f'{self._LOGIN_URL}/ajax/', None, note='Logging in', headers={
-                **self._API_HEADERS,
-                'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
-                'X-CSRFToken': shared_data['config']['csrf_token'],
-                'X-Instagram-AJAX': shared_data['rollout_hash'],
-                'Referer': 'https://www.instagram.com/',
-            }, data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'enc_password': f'#PWD_INSTAGRAM_BROWSER:0:{int(time.time())}:{password}',
-                'username': username,
-                'queryParams': '{}',
-                'optIntoOneTap': 'false',
-                'stopDeletionNonce': '',
-                'trustedDeviceRecords': '{}',
-            }))
-
-        if not login.get('authenticated'):
-            if login.get('message'):
-                raise ExtractorError(f'Unable to login: {login["message"]}')
-            elif login.get('user'):
-                raise ExtractorError('Unable to login: Sorry, your password was incorrect. Please double-check your password.', expected=True)
-            elif login.get('user') is False:
-                raise ExtractorError('Unable to login: The username you entered doesn\'t belong to an account. Please check your username and try again.', expected=True)
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to login')
-        InstagramBaseIE._IS_LOGGED_IN = True
+    @property
+    def _api_headers(self):
+        return {
+            'X-IG-App-ID': self._configuration_arg('app_id', ['936619743392459'], ie_key=InstagramIE)[0],
+            'X-ASBD-ID': '198387',
+            'X-IG-WWW-Claim': '0',
+            'Origin': 'https://www.instagram.com',
+            'Accept': '*/*',
+        }

    def _get_count(self, media, kind, *keys):
        return traverse_obj(
@@ -209,7 +176,7 @@ class InstagramBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    def _get_comments(self, video_id):
        comments_info = self._download_json(
            f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/media/{_id_to_pk(video_id)}/comments/?can_support_threading=true&permalink_enabled=false', video_id,
-            fatal=False, errnote='Comments extraction failed', note='Downloading comments info', headers=self._API_HEADERS) or {}
+            fatal=False, errnote='Comments extraction failed', note='Downloading comments info', headers=self._api_headers) or {}

        comment_data = traverse_obj(comments_info, ('edge_media_to_parent_comment', 'edges'), 'comments')
        for comment_dict in comment_data or []:
@@ -402,14 +369,14 @@ class InstagramIE(InstagramBaseIE):
            info = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
                f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/media/{_id_to_pk(video_id)}/info/', video_id,
                fatal=False, errnote='Video info extraction failed',
-                note='Downloading video info', headers=self._API_HEADERS), ('items', 0))
+                note='Downloading video info', headers=self._api_headers), ('items', 0))
            if info:
                media.update(info)
                return self._extract_product(media)

        api_check = self._download_json(
            f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/web/get_ruling_for_content/?content_type=MEDIA&target_id={_id_to_pk(video_id)}',
-            video_id, headers=self._API_HEADERS, fatal=False, note='Setting up session', errnote=False) or {}
+            video_id, headers=self._api_headers, fatal=False, note='Setting up session', errnote=False) or {}
        csrf_token = self._get_cookies('https://www.instagram.com').get('csrftoken')

        if not csrf_token:
@@ -429,7 +396,7 @@ class InstagramIE(InstagramBaseIE):
        general_info = self._download_json(
            'https://www.instagram.com/graphql/query/', video_id, fatal=False, errnote=False,
            headers={
-                **self._API_HEADERS,
+                **self._api_headers,
                'X-CSRFToken': csrf_token or '',
                'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                'Referer': url,
@@ -437,7 +404,6 @@ class InstagramIE(InstagramBaseIE):
                'doc_id': '8845758582119845',
                'variables': json.dumps(variables, separators=(',', ':')),
            })
-        media.update(traverse_obj(general_info, ('data', 'xdt_shortcode_media')) or {})

        if not general_info:
            self.report_warning('General metadata extraction failed (some metadata might be missing).', video_id)
@@ -466,6 +432,26 @@ class InstagramIE(InstagramBaseIE):
                media.update(traverse_obj(
                    additional_data, ('graphql', 'shortcode_media'), 'shortcode_media', expected_type=dict) or {})

+        else:
+            xdt_shortcode_media = traverse_obj(general_info, ('data', 'xdt_shortcode_media', {dict})) or {}
+            if not xdt_shortcode_media:
+                error = join_nonempty('title', 'description', delim=': ', from_dict=api_check)
+                if 'Restricted Video' in error:
+                    self.raise_login_required(error)
+                elif error:
+                    raise ExtractorError(error, expected=True)
+                elif len(video_id) > 28:
+                    # It's a private post (video_id == shortcode + 28 extra characters)
+                    # Only raise after getting empty response; sometimes "long"-shortcode posts are public
+                    self.raise_login_required(
+                        'This content is only available for registered users who follow this account')
+                raise ExtractorError(
+                    'Instagram sent an empty media response. Check if this post is accessible in your '
+                    f'browser without being logged-in. If it is not, then u{self._login_hint()[1:]}. '
+                    'Otherwise, if the post is accessible in browser without being logged-in'
+                    f'{bug_reports_message(before=",")}', expected=True)
+            media.update(xdt_shortcode_media)
+
        username = traverse_obj(media, ('owner', 'username')) or self._search_regex(
            r'"owner"\s*:\s*{\s*"username"\s*:\s*"(.+?)"', webpage, 'username', fatal=False)

@@ -485,8 +471,7 @@ class InstagramIE(InstagramBaseIE):
                return self.playlist_result(
                    self._extract_nodes(nodes, True), video_id,
                    format_field(username, None, 'Post by %s'), description)
-
-            video_url = self._og_search_video_url(webpage, secure=False)
+            raise ExtractorError('There is no video in this post', expected=True)

        formats = [{
            'url': video_url,
@@ -689,7 +674,7 @@ class InstagramTagIE(InstagramPlaylistBaseIE):


 class InstagramStoryIE(InstagramBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com/stories/(?P<user>[^/]+)/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?instagram\.com/stories/(?P<user>[^/?#]+)(?:/(?P<id>\d+))?'
    IE_NAME = 'instagram:story'

    _TESTS = [{
@@ -699,25 +684,38 @@ class InstagramStoryIE(InstagramBaseIE):
            'title': 'Rare',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 50,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.instagram.com/stories/fruits_zipper/3570766765028588805/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.instagram.com/stories/fruits_zipper',
+        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        username, story_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
-        story_info = self._download_webpage(url, story_id)
-        user_info = self._search_json(r'"user":', story_info, 'user info', story_id, fatal=False)
+        username, story_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user', 'id')
+        if username == 'highlights' and not story_id:  # story id is only mandatory for highlights
+            raise ExtractorError('Input URL is missing a highlight ID', expected=True)
+        display_id = story_id or username
+        story_info = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        user_info = self._search_json(r'"user":', story_info, 'user info', display_id, fatal=False)
        if not user_info:
            self.raise_login_required('This content is unreachable')

        user_id = traverse_obj(user_info, 'pk', 'id', expected_type=str)
-        story_info_url = user_id if username != 'highlights' else f'highlight:{story_id}'
-        if not story_info_url:  # user id is only mandatory for non-highlights
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract user id')
+        if username == 'highlights':
+            story_info_url = f'highlight:{story_id}'
+        else:
+            if not user_id:  # user id is only mandatory for non-highlights
+                raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract user id')
+            story_info_url = user_id

        videos = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
            f'{self._API_BASE_URL}/feed/reels_media/?reel_ids={story_info_url}',
-            story_id, errnote=False, fatal=False, headers=self._API_HEADERS), 'reels')
+            display_id, errnote=False, fatal=False, headers=self._api_headers), 'reels')
        if not videos:
            self.raise_login_required('You need to log in to access this content')
+        user_info = traverse_obj(videos, (user_id, 'user', {dict})) or {}

        full_name = traverse_obj(videos, (f'highlight:{story_id}', 'user', 'full_name'), (user_id, 'user', 'full_name'))
        story_title = traverse_obj(videos, (f'highlight:{story_id}', 'title'))
@@ -727,6 +725,7 @@ class InstagramStoryIE(InstagramBaseIE):
        highlights = traverse_obj(videos, (f'highlight:{story_id}', 'items'), (user_id, 'items'))
        info_data = []
        for highlight in highlights:
+            highlight.setdefault('user', {}).update(user_info)
            highlight_data = self._extract_product(highlight)
            if highlight_data.get('formats'):
                info_data.append({
@@ -734,4 +733,7 @@ class InstagramStoryIE(InstagramBaseIE):
                    'uploader_id': user_id,
                    **filter_dict(highlight_data),
                })
+        if username != 'highlights' and story_id and not self._yes_playlist(username, story_id):
+            return traverse_obj(info_data, (lambda _, v: v['id'] == _pk_to_id(story_id), any))
+
        return self.playlist_result(info_data, playlist_id=story_id, playlist_title=story_title)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/jamendo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/jamendo.py
@@ -2,10 +2,12 @@ import hashlib
 import random

 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..networking import HEADRequest
 from ..utils import (
    clean_html,
    int_or_none,
    try_get,
+    urlhandle_detect_ext,
 )


@@ -27,7 +29,7 @@ class JamendoIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'flac',
            # 'title': 'Maya Filipič - Stories from Emona I',
            'title': 'Stories from Emona I',
-            'artist': 'Maya Filipič',
+            'artists': ['Maya Filipič'],
            'album': 'Between two worlds',
            'track': 'Stories from Emona I',
            'duration': 210,
@@ -93,9 +95,15 @@ class JamendoIE(InfoExtractor):
                if not cover_url or cover_url in urls:
                    continue
                urls.append(cover_url)
+                urlh = self._request_webpage(
+                    HEADRequest(cover_url), track_id, 'Checking thumbnail extension',
+                    errnote=False, fatal=False)
+                if not urlh:
+                    continue
                size = int_or_none(cover_id.lstrip('size'))
                thumbnails.append({
                    'id': cover_id,
+                    'ext': urlhandle_detect_ext(urlh, default='jpg'),
                    'url': cover_url,
                    'width': size,
                    'height': size,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lbry.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ class LBRYBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    _CLAIM_ID_REGEX = r'[0-9a-f]{1,40}'
    _OPT_CLAIM_ID = f'[^$@:/?#&]+(?:[:#]{_CLAIM_ID_REGEX})?'
    _SUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES = ['video', 'audio']
+    _UNSUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES = ['binary']
    _PAGE_SIZE = 50

    def _call_api_proxy(self, method, display_id, params, resource):
@@ -336,12 +337,15 @@ class LBRYIE(LBRYBaseIE):
                    'vcodec': 'none' if stream_type == 'audio' else None,
                })

+            final_url = None
            # HEAD request returns redirect response to m3u8 URL if available
-            final_url = self._request_webpage(
+            urlh = self._request_webpage(
                HEADRequest(streaming_url), display_id, headers=headers,
-                note='Downloading streaming redirect url info').url
+                note='Downloading streaming redirect url info', fatal=False)
+            if urlh:
+                final_url = urlh.url

-        elif result.get('value_type') == 'stream':
+        elif result.get('value_type') == 'stream' and stream_type not in self._UNSUPPORTED_STREAM_TYPES:
            claim_id, is_live = result['signing_channel']['claim_id'], True
            live_data = self._download_json(
                'https://api.odysee.live/livestream/is_live', claim_id,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/loco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/loco.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import int_or_none, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj
+
+
+class LocoIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?loco\.com/(?P<type>streamers|stream)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://loco.com/streamers/teuzinfps',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'teuzinfps',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:MS BOLADAO, RESENHA & GAMEPLAY ALTO NIVEL',
+            'description': 'bom e novo',
+            'uploader_id': 'RLUVE3S9JU',
+            'channel': 'teuzinfps',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.ivory.getloconow.com/default_thumb/743701a9-98ca-41ae-9a8b-70bd5da070ad.jpg',
+            'tags': ['MMORPG', 'Gameplay'],
+            'series': 'Tibia',
+            'timestamp': int,
+            'modified_timestamp': int,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'upload_date': str,
+            'modified_date': str,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'skip_download': 'Livestream',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://loco.com/stream/c64916eb-10fb-46a9-9a19-8c4b7ed064e7',
+        'md5': '45ebc8a47ee1c2240178757caf8881b5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'c64916eb-10fb-46a9-9a19-8c4b7ed064e7',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'PAULINHO LOKO NA LOCO!',
+            'description': 'live on na loco',
+            'uploader_id': '2MDO7Z1DPM',
+            'channel': 'paulinholokobr',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 14491,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.ivory.getloconow.com/default_thumb/59b5970b-23c1-4518-9e96-17ce341299fe.jpg',
+            'tags': ['Gameplay'],
+            'series': 'GTA 5',
+            'timestamp': 1740612872,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1740613037,
+            'upload_date': '20250226',
+            'modified_date': '20250226',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_type, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('type', 'id')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        stream = traverse_obj(self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id), (
+            'props', 'pageProps', ('liveStreamData', 'stream'), {dict}, any, {require('stream info')}))
+
+        return {
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(stream['conf']['hls'], video_id),
+            'id': video_id,
+            'is_live': video_type == 'streamers',
+            **traverse_obj(stream, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'series': ('game_name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('user_uid', {str}),
+                'channel': ('alias', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'concurrent_view_count': ('viewersCurrent', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('total_views', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail_url_small', {url_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('started_at', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('updated_at', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'comment_count': ('comments_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'channel_follower_count': ('followers_count', {int_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/magellantv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/magellantv.py
@@ -1,35 +1,36 @@
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import parse_age_limit, parse_duration, traverse_obj
+from ..utils import parse_age_limit, parse_duration, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class MagellanTVIE(InfoExtractor):
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?magellantv\.com/(?:watch|video)/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/watch/my-dads-on-death-row?type=v',
+        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/watch/incas-the-new-story?type=v',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'my-dads-on-death-row',
+            'id': 'incas-the-new-story',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'My Dad\'s On Death Row',
-            'description': 'md5:33ba23b9f0651fc4537ed19b1d5b0d7a',
-            'duration': 3780.0,
+            'title': 'Incas: The New Story',
+            'description': 'md5:936c7f6d711c02dfb9db22a067b586fe',
            'age_limit': 14,
-            'tags': ['Justice', 'Reality', 'United States', 'True Crime'],
+            'duration': 3060.0,
+            'tags': ['Ancient History', 'Archaeology', 'Anthropology'],
        },
        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/video/james-bulger-the-new-revelations',
+        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/video/tortured-to-death-murdering-the-nanny',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'james-bulger-the-new-revelations',
+            'id': 'tortured-to-death-murdering-the-nanny',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'James Bulger: The New Revelations',
-            'description': 'md5:7b97922038bad1d0fe8d0470d8a189f2',
+            'title': 'Tortured to Death: Murdering the Nanny',
+            'description': 'md5:d87033594fa218af2b1a8b49f52511e5',
+            'age_limit': 14,
            'duration': 2640.0,
-            'age_limit': 0,
-            'tags': ['Investigation', 'True Crime', 'Justice', 'Europe'],
+            'tags': ['True Crime', 'Murder'],
        },
        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/watch/celebration-nation',
+        'url': 'https://www.magellantv.com/watch/celebration-nation?type=s',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'celebration-nation',
            'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -43,10 +44,19 @@ class MagellanTVIE(InfoExtractor):
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        data = traverse_obj(self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id), (
-            'props', 'pageProps', 'reactContext',
-            (('video', 'detail'), ('series', 'currentEpisode')), {dict}), get_all=False)
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(data['jwpVideoUrl'], video_id)
+        context = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id)['props']['pageProps']['reactContext']
+        data = traverse_obj(context, ((('video', 'detail'), ('series', 'currentEpisode')), {dict}, any))
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for m3u8_url in set(traverse_obj(data, ((('manifests', ..., 'hls'), 'jwp_video_url'), {url_or_none}))):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        if not formats and (error := traverse_obj(context, ('errorDetailPage', 'errorMessage', {str}))):
+            if 'available in your country' in error:
+                self.raise_geo_restricted(msg=error)
+            self.raise_no_formats(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {error}', expected=True)

        return {
            'id': video_id,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/medaltv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/medaltv.py
@@ -102,11 +102,10 @@ class MedalTVIE(InfoExtractor):
            item_id = item_id or '%dp' % height
            if item_id not in item_url:
                return
-            width = int(round(aspect_ratio * height))
            container.append({
                'url': item_url,
                id_key: item_id,
-                'width': width,
+                'width': round(aspect_ratio * height),
                'height': height,
            })

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mitele.py
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 from .telecinco import TelecincoBaseIE
+from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
    int_or_none,
    parse_iso8601,
 )
@@ -79,7 +81,17 @@ class MiTeleIE(TelecincoBaseIE):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        try:  # yt-dlp's default user-agents are too old and blocked by akamai
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, headers={
+                'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; rv:136.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/136.0',
+            })
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if not isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) or e.cause.status != 403:
+                raise
+            # Retry with impersonation if hardcoded UA is insufficient to bypass akamai
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id, impersonate=True)
+
        pre_player = self._search_json(
            r'window\.\$REACTBASE_STATE\.prePlayer_mtweb\s*=',
            webpage, 'Pre Player', display_id)['prePlayer']
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/msn.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/msn.py
@@ -1,167 +1,215 @@
-import re
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
    determine_ext,
    int_or_none,
-    unescapeHTML,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class MSNIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _WORKING = False
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|preview)\.)?msn\.com/(?:[^/]+/)+(?P<display_id>[^/]+)/[a-z]{2}-(?P<id>[\da-zA-Z]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www|preview)\.)?msn\.com/(?P<locale>[a-z]{2}-[a-z]{2})/(?:[^/?#]+/)+(?P<display_id>[^/?#]+)/[a-z]{2}-(?P<id>[\da-zA-Z]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/video/7-ways-to-get-rid-of-chest-congestion/vi-BBPxU6d',
-        'md5': '087548191d273c5c55d05028f8d2cbcd',
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/news/president-macron-interrupts-trump-over-ukraine-funding/vi-AA1zMcD7',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'BBPxU6d',
-            'display_id': '7-ways-to-get-rid-of-chest-congestion',
+            'id': 'AA1zMcD7',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Seven ways to get rid of chest congestion',
-            'description': '7 Ways to Get Rid of Chest Congestion',
-            'duration': 88,
-            'uploader': 'Health',
-            'uploader_id': 'BBPrMqa',
+            'display_id': 'president-macron-interrupts-trump-over-ukraine-funding',
+            'title': 'President Macron interrupts Trump over Ukraine funding',
+            'description': 'md5:5fd3857ac25849e7a56cb25fbe1a2a8b',
+            'uploader': 'k! News UK',
+            'uploader_id': 'BB1hz5Rj',
+            'duration': 59,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1zMagX.img',
+            'tags': 'count:14',
+            'timestamp': 1740510914,
+            'upload_date': '20250225',
+            'release_timestamp': 1740513600,
+            'release_date': '20250225',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1741413241,
+            'modified_date': '20250308',
        },
    }, {
-        # Article, multiple Dailymotion Embeds
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/sports/hottest-football-wags-greatest-footballers-turned-managers-and-more/ar-BBpc7Nl',
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/watch/films-success-saved-adam-pearsons-acting-career/vi-AA1znZGE?ocid=hpmsn',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'BBpc7Nl',
+            'id': 'AA1znZGE',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'films-success-saved-adam-pearsons-acting-career',
+            'title': "Films' success saved Adam Pearson's acting career",
+            'description': 'md5:98c05f7bd9ab4f9c423400f62f2d3da5',
+            'uploader': 'Sky News',
+            'uploader_id': 'AA2eki',
+            'duration': 52,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1zo7nU.img',
+            'timestamp': 1739993965,
+            'upload_date': '20250219',
+            'release_timestamp': 1739977753,
+            'release_date': '20250219',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1742076259,
+            'modified_date': '20250315',
        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 4,
    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.msn.com/en-ae/news/offbeat/meet-the-nine-year-old-self-made-millionaire/ar-BBt6ZKf',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.msn.com/en-ae/video/watch/obama-a-lot-of-people-will-be-disappointed/vi-AAhxUMH',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # geo restricted
-        'url': 'http://www.msn.com/en-ae/foodanddrink/joinourtable/the-first-fart-makes-you-laugh-the-last-fart-makes-you-cry/vp-AAhzIBU',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.msn.com/en-ae/entertainment/bollywood/watch-how-salman-khan-reacted-when-asked-if-he-would-apologize-for-his-‘raped-woman’-comment/vi-AAhvzW6',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        # Vidible(AOL) Embed
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/other/jupiter-is-about-to-come-so-close-you-can-see-its-moons-with-binoculars/vi-AACqsHR',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-us/entertainment/news/rock-frontman-replacements-you-might-not-know-happened/vi-AA1yLVcD',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'AA1yLVcD',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'rock-frontman-replacements-you-might-not-know-happened',
+            'title': 'Rock Frontman Replacements You Might Not Know Happened',
+            'description': 'md5:451a125496ff0c9f6816055bb1808da9',
+            'uploader': 'Grunge (Video)',
+            'uploader_id': 'BB1oveoV',
+            'duration': 596,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1yM4OJ.img',
+            'timestamp': 1739223456,
+            'upload_date': '20250210',
+            'release_timestamp': 1739219731,
+            'release_date': '20250210',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1741427272,
+            'modified_date': '20250308',
+        },
    }, {
        # Dailymotion Embed
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/es-ve/entretenimiento/watch/winston-salem-paire-refait-des-siennes-en-perdant-sa-raquette-au-service/vp-AAG704L',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/de-de/nachrichten/other/the-first-descendant-gameplay-trailer-zu-serena-der-neuen-gefl%C3%BCgelten-nachfahrin/vi-AA1B1d06',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x9g6oli',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'The First Descendant: Gameplay-Trailer zu Serena, der neuen geflügelten Nachfahrin',
+            'description': '',
+            'uploader': 'MeinMMO',
+            'uploader_id': 'x2mvqi4',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 60,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://s1.dmcdn.net/v/Y3fO61drj56vPB9SS/x1080',
+            'tags': ['MeinMMO', 'The First Descendant'],
+            'timestamp': 1742124877,
+            'upload_date': '20250316',
+        },
    }, {
-        # YouTube Embed
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-in/money/news/meet-vikram-%E2%80%94-chandrayaan-2s-lander/vi-AAGUr0v',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        # Youtube Embed
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-gb/video/webcontent/web-content/vi-AA1ybFaJ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'kQSChWu95nE',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '7 Daily Habits to Nurture Your Personal Growth',
+            'description': 'md5:6f233c68341b74dee30c8c121924e827',
+            'uploader': 'TopThink',
+            'uploader_id': '@TopThink',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@TopThink',
+            'channel': 'TopThink',
+            'channel_id': 'UCMlGmHokrQRp-RaNO7aq4Uw',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCMlGmHokrQRp-RaNO7aq4Uw',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 705,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kQSChWu95nE/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'categories': ['Howto & Style'],
+            'tags': ['topthink', 'top think', 'personal growth'],
+            'timestamp': 1722711620,
+            'upload_date': '20240803',
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
    }, {
-        # NBCSports Embed
-        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/football_nfl/week-13-preview-redskins-vs-panthers/vi-BBXsCDb',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        # Article with social embed
+        'url': 'https://www.msn.com/en-in/news/techandscience/watch-earth-sets-and-rises-behind-moon-in-breathtaking-blue-ghost-video/ar-AA1zKoAc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'AA1zKoAc',
+            'title': 'Watch: Earth sets and rises behind Moon in breathtaking Blue Ghost video',
+            'description': 'md5:0ad51cfa77e42e7f0c46cf98a619dbbf',
+            'uploader': 'India Today',
+            'uploader_id': 'AAyFWG',
+            'tags': 'count:11',
+            'timestamp': 1740485034,
+            'upload_date': '20250225',
+            'release_timestamp': 1740484875,
+            'release_date': '20250225',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1740488561,
+            'modified_date': '20250225',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 1,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id, page_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        locale, display_id, page_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('locale', 'display_id', 'id')

-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        json_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://assets.msn.com/content/view/v2/Detail/{locale}/{page_id}', page_id)

-        entries = []
-        for _, metadata in re.findall(r'data-metadata\s*=\s*(["\'])(?P<data>.+?)\1', webpage):
-            video = self._parse_json(unescapeHTML(metadata), display_id)
-
-            provider_id = video.get('providerId')
-            player_name = video.get('playerName')
-            if player_name and provider_id:
-                entry = None
-                if player_name == 'AOL':
-                    if provider_id.startswith('http'):
-                        provider_id = self._search_regex(
-                            r'https?://delivery\.vidible\.tv/video/redirect/([0-9a-f]{24})',
-                            provider_id, 'vidible id')
-                    entry = self.url_result(
-                        'aol-video:' + provider_id, 'Aol', provider_id)
-                elif player_name == 'Dailymotion':
-                    entry = self.url_result(
-                        'https://www.dailymotion.com/video/' + provider_id,
-                        'Dailymotion', provider_id)
-                elif player_name == 'YouTube':
-                    entry = self.url_result(
-                        provider_id, 'Youtube', provider_id)
-                elif player_name == 'NBCSports':
-                    entry = self.url_result(
-                        'http://vplayer.nbcsports.com/p/BxmELC/nbcsports_embed/select/media/' + provider_id,
-                        'NBCSportsVPlayer', provider_id)
-                if entry:
-                    entries.append(entry)
-                    continue
-
-            video_id = video['uuid']
-            title = video['title']
+        common_metadata = traverse_obj(json_data, {
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'description': (('abstract', ('body', {clean_html})), {str}, filter, any),
+            'timestamp': ('createdDateTime', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('publishedDateTime', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'modified_timestamp': ('updatedDateTime', {parse_iso8601}),
+            'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', 'image', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+            'duration': ('videoMetadata', 'playTime', {int_or_none}),
+            'tags': ('keywords', ..., {str}),
+            'uploader': ('provider', 'name', {str}),
+            'uploader_id': ('provider', 'id', {str}),
+        })

+        page_type = json_data['type']
+        source_url = traverse_obj(json_data, ('sourceHref', {url_or_none}))
+        if page_type == 'video':
+            if traverse_obj(json_data, ('thirdPartyVideoPlayer', 'enabled')) and source_url:
+                return self.url_result(source_url)
            formats = []
-            for file_ in video.get('videoFiles', []):
-                format_url = file_.get('url')
-                if not format_url:
-                    continue
-                if 'format=m3u8-aapl' in format_url:
-                    # m3u8_native should not be used here until
-                    # https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/9913 is fixed
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                        format_url, display_id, 'mp4',
-                        m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-                elif 'format=mpd-time-csf' in format_url:
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                        format_url, display_id, 'dash', fatal=False))
-                elif '.ism' in format_url:
-                    if format_url.endswith('.ism'):
-                        format_url += '/manifest'
-                    formats.extend(self._extract_ism_formats(
-                        format_url, display_id, 'mss', fatal=False))
-                else:
-                    format_id = file_.get('formatCode')
-                    formats.append({
-                        'url': format_url,
-                        'ext': 'mp4',
-                        'format_id': format_id,
-                        'width': int_or_none(file_.get('width')),
-                        'height': int_or_none(file_.get('height')),
-                        'vbr': int_or_none(self._search_regex(r'_(\d+)\.mp4', format_url, 'vbr', default=None)),
-                        'quality': 1 if format_id == '1001' else None,
-                    })
-
            subtitles = {}
-            for file_ in video.get('files', []):
-                format_url = file_.get('url')
-                format_code = file_.get('formatCode')
-                if not format_url or not format_code:
-                    continue
-                if str(format_code) == '3100':
-                    subtitles.setdefault(file_.get('culture', 'en'), []).append({
-                        'ext': determine_ext(format_url, 'ttml'),
-                        'url': format_url,
-                    })
+            for file in traverse_obj(json_data, ('videoMetadata', 'externalVideoFiles', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['url']))):
+                file_url = file['url']
+                ext = determine_ext(file_url)
+                if ext == 'm3u8':
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        file_url, page_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+                elif ext == 'mpd':
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        file_url, page_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+                else:
+                    formats.append(
+                        traverse_obj(file, {
+                            'url': 'url',
+                            'format_id': ('format', {str}),
+                            'filesize': ('fileSize', {int_or_none}),
+                            'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                            'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                        }))
+            for caption in traverse_obj(json_data, ('videoMetadata', 'closedCaptions', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['href']))):
+                lang = caption.get('locale') or 'en-us'
+                subtitles.setdefault(lang, []).append({
+                    'url': caption['href'],
+                    'ext': 'ttml',
+                })

-            entries.append({
-                'id': video_id,
+            return {
+                'id': page_id,
                'display_id': display_id,
-                'title': title,
-                'description': video.get('description'),
-                'thumbnail': video.get('headlineImage', {}).get('url'),
-                'duration': int_or_none(video.get('durationSecs')),
-                'uploader': video.get('sourceFriendly'),
-                'uploader_id': video.get('providerId'),
-                'creator': video.get('creator'),
-                'subtitles': subtitles,
                'formats': formats,
-            })
+                'subtitles': subtitles,
+                **common_metadata,
+            }
+        elif page_type == 'webcontent':
+            if not source_url:
+                raise ExtractorError('Could not find source URL')
+            return self.url_result(source_url)
+        elif page_type == 'article':
+            entries = []
+            for embed_url in traverse_obj(json_data, ('socialEmbeds', ..., 'postUrl', {url_or_none})):
+                entries.append(self.url_result(embed_url))

-        if not entries:
-            error = unescapeHTML(self._search_regex(
-                r'data-error=(["\'])(?P<error>.+?)\1',
-                webpage, 'error', group='error'))
-            raise ExtractorError(f'{self.IE_NAME} said: {error}', expected=True)
+            return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id, **common_metadata)

-        return self.playlist_result(entries, page_id)
+        raise ExtractorError(f'Unsupported page type: {page_type}')
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/n1.py
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    extract_attributes,
    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class N1InfoAssetIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -35,9 +37,9 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'N1Info:article'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:\w+\.)?n1info\.\w+|nova\.rs)/(?:[^/?#]+/){1,2}(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
-        # Youtube embedded
+        # YouTube embedded
        'url': 'https://rs.n1info.com/sport-klub/tenis/kako-je-djokovic-propustio-istorijsku-priliku-video/',
-        'md5': '01ddb6646d0fd9c4c7d990aa77fe1c5a',
+        'md5': '987ce6fd72acfecc453281e066b87973',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'L5Hd4hQVUpk',
            'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -45,7 +47,26 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
            'title': 'Ozmo i USO21, ep. 13: Novak Đoković – Danil Medvedev | Ključevi Poraza, Budućnost | SPORT KLUB TENIS',
            'description': 'md5:467f330af1effedd2e290f10dc31bb8e',
            'uploader': 'Sport Klub',
-            'uploader_id': 'sportklub',
+            'uploader_id': '@sportklub',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sportklub',
+            'channel': 'Sport Klub',
+            'channel_id': 'UChpzBje9Ro6CComXe3BgNaw',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChpzBje9Ro6CComXe3BgNaw',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 1049,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/L5Hd4hQVUpk/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'chapters': 'count:9',
+            'categories': ['Sports'],
+            'tags': 'count:10',
+            'timestamp': 1631522787,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://rs.n1info.com/vesti/djilas-los-plan-za-metro-nece-resiti-nijedan-saobracajni-problem/',
@@ -55,6 +76,7 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
            'title': 'Đilas: Predlog izgradnje metroa besmislen; SNS odbacuje navode',
            'upload_date': '20210924',
            'timestamp': 1632481347,
+            'thumbnail': 'http://n1info.rs/wp-content/themes/ucnewsportal-n1/dist/assets/images/placeholder-image-video.jpg',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
@@ -67,6 +89,7 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
            'title': 'Zadnji dnevi na kopališču Ilirija: “Ilirija ni umrla, ubili so jo”',
            'timestamp': 1632567630,
            'upload_date': '20210925',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://n1info.si/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/06/1630945843-tomaz3.png',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
@@ -81,6 +104,14 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
            'upload_date': '20210924',
            'timestamp': 1632448649.0,
            'uploader': 'YouLotWhatDontStop',
+            'display_id': 'pu9wbx',
+            'channel_id': 'serbia',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'duration': 134,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://external-preview.redd.it/5nmmawSeGx60miQM3Iq-ueC9oyCLTLjjqX-qqY8uRsc.png?format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=2f973400b04d23f871b608b178e47fc01f9b8f1d',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
@@ -93,6 +124,7 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
            'title': 'Žaklina Tatalović Ani Brnabić: Pričate laži (VIDEO)',
            'upload_date': '20211102',
            'timestamp': 1635861677,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://nova.rs/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/02/1635860298-TNJG_Ana_Brnabic_i_Zaklina_Tatalovic_100_dana_Vlade_GP.jpg',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://n1info.rs/vesti/cuta-biti-u-kosovskoj-mitrovici-znaci-da-te-docekaju-eksplozivnim-napravama/',
@@ -104,6 +136,16 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
            'timestamp': 1687290536,
            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.brid.tv/live/partners/26827/snapshot/1332368_th_6492013a8356f_1687290170.jpg',
        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://n1info.rs/vesti/vuciceva-turneja-po-srbiji-najavljuje-kontrarevoluciju-preti-svom-narodu-vredja-novinare/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2025974',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Vučićeva turneja po Srbiji: Najavljuje kontrarevoluciju, preti svom narodu, vređa novinare',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-uc.brid.tv/live/partners/26827/snapshot/2025974_fhd_67c4a23280a81_1740939826.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1740939936,
+            'upload_date': '20250302',
+        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://hr.n1info.com/vijesti/pravobraniteljica-o-ubojstvu-u-zagrebu-radi-se-o-doista-nezapamcenoj-situaciji/',
        'only_matching': True,
@@ -115,11 +157,11 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):

        title = self._html_search_regex(r'<h1[^>]+>(.+?)</h1>', webpage, 'title')
        timestamp = unified_timestamp(self._html_search_meta('article:published_time', webpage))
-        plugin_data = self._html_search_meta('BridPlugin', webpage)
+        plugin_data = re.findall(r'\$bp\("(?:Brid|TargetVideo)_\d+",\s(.+)\);', webpage)
        entries = []
        if plugin_data:
            site_id = self._html_search_regex(r'site:(\d+)', webpage, 'site id')
-            for video_data in re.findall(r'\$bp\("Brid_\d+", (.+)\);', webpage):
+            for video_data in plugin_data:
                video_id = self._parse_json(video_data, title)['video']
                entries.append({
                    'id': video_id,
@@ -140,7 +182,7 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
                    'url': video_data.get('data-url'),
                    'id': video_data.get('id'),
                    'title': title,
-                    'thumbnail': video_data.get('data-thumbnail'),
+                    'thumbnail': traverse_obj(video_data, (('data-thumbnail', 'data-default_thumbnail'), {url_or_none}, any)),
                    'timestamp': timestamp,
                    'ie_key': 'N1InfoAsset',
                })
@@ -152,7 +194,7 @@ class N1InfoIIE(InfoExtractor):
            if url.startswith('https://www.youtube.com'):
                entries.append(self.url_result(url, ie='Youtube'))
            elif url.startswith('https://www.redditmedia.com'):
-                entries.append(self.url_result(url, ie='RedditR'))
+                entries.append(self.url_result(url, ie='Reddit'))

        return {
            '_type': 'playlist',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/nbc.py
@@ -736,7 +736,7 @@ class NBCStationsIE(InfoExtractor):
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)

        nbc_data = self._search_json(
-            r'<script>\s*var\s+nbc\s*=', webpage, 'NBC JSON data', video_id)
+            r'(?:<script>\s*var\s+nbc\s*=|Object\.assign\(nbc,)', webpage, 'NBC JSON data', video_id)
        pdk_acct = nbc_data.get('pdkAcct') or 'Yh1nAC'
        fw_ssid = traverse_obj(nbc_data, ('video', 'fwSSID'))

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
@@ -13,11 +13,13 @@ from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    OnDemandPagedList,
    clean_html,
+    determine_ext,
    float_or_none,
    int_or_none,
    join_nonempty,
    parse_duration,
    parse_iso8601,
+    parse_qs,
    parse_resolution,
    qualities,
    remove_start,
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    try_get,
    unescapeHTML,
    update_url_query,
+    url_basename,
    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
@@ -430,6 +433,7 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
                    'format_id': ('id', {str}),
                    'abr': ('bitRate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
                    'asr': ('samplingRate', {int_or_none}),
+                    'quality': ('qualityLevel', {int_or_none}),
                }), get_all=False),
                'acodec': 'aac',
            }
@@ -441,7 +445,9 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
        min_abr = min(traverse_obj(audios, (..., 'bitRate', {float_or_none})), default=0) / 1000
        for video_fmt in video_fmts:
            video_fmt['tbr'] -= min_abr
-            video_fmt['format_id'] = f'video-{video_fmt["tbr"]:.0f}'
+            video_fmt['format_id'] = url_basename(video_fmt['url']).rpartition('.')[0]
+            video_fmt['quality'] = traverse_obj(videos, (
+                lambda _, v: v['id'] == video_fmt['format_id'], 'qualityLevel', {int_or_none}, any)) or -1
            yield video_fmt

    def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -1033,6 +1039,7 @@ class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
                thumbnails.append({
                    'id': f'{name}_{width}x{height}',
                    'url': img_url,
+                    'ext': traverse_obj(parse_qs(img_url), ('image', 0, {determine_ext(default_ext='jpg')})),
                    **res,
                })

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/openrec.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/openrec.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ class OpenRecBaseIE(InfoExtractor):

 class OpenRecIE(OpenRecBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'openrec'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/live/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/live/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.openrec.tv/live/2p8v31qe4zy',
        'only_matching': True,
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ class OpenRecIE(OpenRecBaseIE):

 class OpenRecCaptureIE(OpenRecBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'openrec:capture'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/capture/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/capture/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.openrec.tv/capture/l9nk2x4gn14',
        'only_matching': True,
@@ -129,7 +129,7 @@ class OpenRecCaptureIE(OpenRecBaseIE):

 class OpenRecMovieIE(OpenRecBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'openrec:movie'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/movie/(?P<id>[^/]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?openrec\.tv/movie/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.openrec.tv/movie/nqz5xl5km8v',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -141,6 +141,9 @@ class OpenRecMovieIE(OpenRecBaseIE):
            'uploader_id': 'taiki_to_kazuhiro',
            'timestamp': 1638856800,
        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.openrec.tv/movie/2p8vvex548y?playlist_id=98brq96vvsgn2nd',
+        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/pinterest.py
@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ class PinterestBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    def _call_api(self, resource, video_id, options):
        return self._download_json(
            f'https://www.pinterest.com/resource/{resource}Resource/get/',
-            video_id, f'Download {resource} JSON metadata', query={
-                'data': json.dumps({'options': options}),
-            })['resource_response']
+            video_id, f'Download {resource} JSON metadata',
+            query={'data': json.dumps({'options': options})},
+            headers={'X-Pinterest-PWS-Handler': 'www/[username].js'})['resource_response']

    def _extract_video(self, data, extract_formats=True):
        video_id = data['id']
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/playsuisse.py
@@ -1,4 +1,7 @@
+import base64
+import hashlib
 import json
+import uuid

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
@@ -142,39 +145,73 @@ class PlaySuisseIE(InfoExtractor):
            id
            url
        }'''
-    _LOGIN_BASE_URL = 'https://login.srgssr.ch/srgssrlogin.onmicrosoft.com'
-    _LOGIN_PATH = 'B2C_1A__SignInV2'
+    _CLIENT_ID = '1e33f1bf-8bf3-45e4-bbd9-c9ad934b5fca'
+    _LOGIN_BASE = 'https://account.srgssr.ch'
    _ID_TOKEN = None

    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        login_page = self._download_webpage(
-            'https://www.playsuisse.ch/api/sso/login', None, note='Downloading login page',
-            query={'x': 'x', 'locale': 'de', 'redirectUrl': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/'})
-        settings = self._search_json(r'var\s+SETTINGS\s*=', login_page, 'settings', None)
+        code_verifier = uuid.uuid4().hex + uuid.uuid4().hex + uuid.uuid4().hex
+        code_challenge = base64.urlsafe_b64encode(
+            hashlib.sha256(code_verifier.encode()).digest()).decode().rstrip('=')

-        csrf_token = settings['csrf']
-        query = {'tx': settings['transId'], 'p': self._LOGIN_PATH}
+        request_id = parse_qs(self._request_webpage(
+            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/authz-srv/authz', None, 'Requesting session ID', query={
+                'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                'redirect_uri': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/auth',
+                'scope': 'email profile openid offline_access',
+                'response_type': 'code',
+                'code_challenge': code_challenge,
+                'code_challenge_method': 'S256',
+                'view_type': 'login',
+            }).url)['requestId'][0]

-        status = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE_URL}/{self._LOGIN_PATH}/SelfAsserted', None, 'Logging in',
-            query=query, headers={'X-CSRF-TOKEN': csrf_token}, data=urlencode_postdata({
-                'request_type': 'RESPONSE',
-                'signInName': username,
-                'password': password,
-            }), expected_status=400), ('status', {int_or_none}))
-        if status == 400:
-            raise ExtractorError('Invalid username or password', expected=True)
+        try:
+            exchange_id = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/verification-srv/v2/authenticate/initiate/password', None,
+                'Submitting username', headers={'content-type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps({
+                    'usage_type': 'INITIAL_AUTHENTICATION',
+                    'request_id': request_id,
+                    'medium_id': 'PASSWORD',
+                    'type': 'password',
+                    'identifier': username,
+                }).encode())['data']['exchange_id']['exchange_id']
+        except ExtractorError:
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid username', expected=True)

-        urlh = self._request_webpage(
-            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE_URL}/{self._LOGIN_PATH}/api/CombinedSigninAndSignup/confirmed',
-            None, 'Downloading ID token', query={
-                'rememberMe': 'false',
-                'csrf_token': csrf_token,
-                **query,
-                'diags': '',
-            })
+        try:
+            login_data = self._download_json(
+                f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/verification-srv/v2/authenticate/authenticate/password', None,
+                'Submitting password', headers={'content-type': 'application/json'}, data=json.dumps({
+                    'requestId': request_id,
+                    'exchange_id': exchange_id,
+                    'type': 'password',
+                    'password': password,
+                }).encode())['data']
+        except ExtractorError:
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid password', expected=True)
+
+        authorization_code = parse_qs(self._request_webpage(
+            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/login-srv/verification/login', None, 'Logging in',
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'requestId': request_id,
+                'exchange_id': login_data['exchange_id']['exchange_id'],
+                'verificationType': 'password',
+                'sub': login_data['sub'],
+                'status_id': login_data['status_id'],
+                'rememberMe': True,
+                'lat': '',
+                'lon': '',
+            })).url)['code'][0]
+
+        self._ID_TOKEN = self._download_json(
+            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/proxy/token', None, 'Downloading token', data=b'', query={
+                'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                'redirect_uri': 'https://www.playsuisse.ch/auth',
+                'code': authorization_code,
+                'code_verifier': code_verifier,
+                'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
+            })['id_token']

-        self._ID_TOKEN = traverse_obj(parse_qs(urlh.url), ('id_token', 0))
        if not self._ID_TOKEN:
            raise ExtractorError('Login failed')

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    int_or_none,
    parse_qs,
    traverse_obj,
+    truncate_string,
    try_get,
    unescapeHTML,
    update_url_query,
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': '6rrwyj',
            'title': 'That small heart attack.',
+            'alt_title': 'That small heart attack.',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
            'thumbnails': 'count:4',
            'timestamp': 1501941939,
@@ -49,7 +51,8 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
            'id': 'gyh95hiqc0b11',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': '90bu6w',
-            'title': 'Heat index was 110 degrees so we offered him a cold drink. He went for a full body soak instead',
+            'title': 'Heat index was 110 degrees so we offered him a cold drink. He went fo...',
+            'alt_title': 'Heat index was 110 degrees so we offered him a cold drink. He went for a full body soak instead',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
            'thumbnails': 'count:7',
            'timestamp': 1532051078,
@@ -69,7 +72,8 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
            'id': 'zasobba6wp071',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': 'nip71r',
-            'title': 'I plan to make more stickers and prints! Check them out on my Etsy! Or get them through my Patreon. Links below.',
+            'title': 'I plan to make more stickers and prints! Check them out on my Etsy! O...',
+            'alt_title': 'I plan to make more stickers and prints! Check them out on my Etsy! Or get them through my Patreon. Links below.',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
            'thumbnails': 'count:5',
            'timestamp': 1621709093,
@@ -91,7 +95,17 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
        'playlist_count': 2,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'wzqkxp',
-            'title': 'md5:72d3d19402aa11eff5bd32fc96369b37',
+            'title': '[Finale] Kamen Rider Revice Episode 50 "Family to the End, Until the ...',
+            'alt_title': '[Finale] Kamen Rider Revice Episode 50 "Family to the End, Until the Day We Meet Again" Discussion',
+            'description': 'md5:5b7deb328062b164b15704c5fd67c335',
+            'uploader': 'TheTwelveYearOld',
+            'channel_id': 'KamenRider',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'dislike_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'timestamp': 1661676059.0,
+            'upload_date': '20220828',
        },
    }, {
        # crossposted reddit-hosted media
@@ -102,6 +116,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': 'zjjw82',
            'title': 'Cringe',
+            'alt_title': 'Cringe',
            'uploader': 'Otaku-senpai69420',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpg|png)',
            'upload_date': '20221212',
@@ -122,6 +137,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': '124pp33',
            'title': 'Harmless prank of some old friends',
+            'alt_title': 'Harmless prank of some old friends',
            'uploader': 'Dudezila',
            'channel_id': 'ContagiousLaughter',
            'duration': 17,
@@ -142,6 +158,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': '12fujy3',
            'title': 'Based Hasan?',
+            'alt_title': 'Based Hasan?',
            'uploader': 'KingNigelXLII',
            'channel_id': 'GenZedong',
            'duration': 16,
@@ -161,6 +178,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': '1cl9h0u',
            'title': 'The insurance claim will be interesting',
+            'alt_title': 'The insurance claim will be interesting',
            'uploader': 'darrenpauli',
            'channel_id': 'Unexpected',
            'duration': 53,
@@ -183,6 +201,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': '1cxwzso',
            'title': 'Tottenham [1] - 0 Newcastle United - James Maddison 31\'',
+            'alt_title': 'Tottenham [1] - 0 Newcastle United - James Maddison 31\'',
            'uploader': 'Woodstovia',
            'channel_id': 'soccer',
            'duration': 30,
@@ -206,6 +225,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': 'degtjo',
            'title': 'When the K hits',
+            'alt_title': 'When the K hits',
            'uploader': '[deleted]',
            'channel_id': 'ketamine',
            'comment_count': int,
@@ -304,14 +324,6 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
        data = data[0]['data']['children'][0]['data']
        video_url = data['url']

-        over_18 = data.get('over_18')
-        if over_18 is True:
-            age_limit = 18
-        elif over_18 is False:
-            age_limit = 0
-        else:
-            age_limit = None
-
        thumbnails = []

        def add_thumbnail(src):
@@ -337,15 +349,19 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
                    add_thumbnail(resolution)

        info = {
-            'title': data.get('title'),
            'thumbnails': thumbnails,
-            'timestamp': float_or_none(data.get('created_utc')),
-            'uploader': data.get('author'),
-            'channel_id': data.get('subreddit'),
-            'like_count': int_or_none(data.get('ups')),
-            'dislike_count': int_or_none(data.get('downs')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(data.get('num_comments')),
-            'age_limit': age_limit,
+            'age_limit': {True: 18, False: 0}.get(data.get('over_18')),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {truncate_string(left=72)}),
+                'alt_title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('selftext', {str}, filter),
+                'timestamp': ('created_utc', {float_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('author', {str}),
+                'channel_id': ('subreddit', {str}),
+                'like_count': ('ups', {int_or_none}),
+                'dislike_count': ('downs', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('num_comments', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
        }

        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(video_url)
@@ -371,7 +387,7 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
                        **info,
                    })
            if entries:
-                return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, info.get('title'))
+                return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, **info)
            raise ExtractorError('No media found', expected=True)

        # Check if media is hosted on reddit:
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtp.py
@@ -3,12 +3,20 @@ import json
 import re
 import urllib.parse

-from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import js_to_json
+from .common import InfoExtractor, Request
+from ..utils import (
+    determine_ext,
+    int_or_none,
+    js_to_json,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class RTPIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtp\.pt/play/(?:(?:estudoemcasa|palco|zigzag)/)?p(?P<program_id>[0-9]+)/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtp\.pt/play/(?:[^/#?]+/)?p(?P<program_id>\d+)/(?P<id>e\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'http://www.rtp.pt/play/p405/e174042/paixoes-cruzadas',
        'md5': 'e736ce0c665e459ddb818546220b4ef8',
@@ -16,99 +24,173 @@ class RTPIE(InfoExtractor):
            'id': 'e174042',
            'ext': 'mp3',
            'title': 'Paixões Cruzadas',
-            'description': 'As paixões musicais de António Cartaxo e António Macedo',
+            'description': 'md5:af979e58ba0ab73f78435fc943fdb070',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'series': 'Paixões Cruzadas',
+            'duration': 2950.0,
+            'modified_timestamp': 1553693464,
+            'modified_date': '20190327',
+            'timestamp': 1417219200,
+            'upload_date': '20141129',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.rtp.pt/play/zigzag/p13166/e757904/25-curiosidades-25-de-abril',
-        'md5': '9a81ed53f2b2197cfa7ed455b12f8ade',
+        'md5': '5b4859940e3adef61247a77dfb76046a',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'e757904',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': '25 Curiosidades, 25 de Abril',
-            'description': 'Estudar ou não estudar - Em cada um dos episódios descobrimos uma curiosidade acerca de como era viver em Portugal antes da revolução do 25 de abr',
+            'title': 'Estudar ou não estudar',
+            'description': 'md5:3bfd7eb8bebfd5711a08df69c9c14c35',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1711958401,
+            'duration': 146.0,
+            'upload_date': '20240401',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1712242991,
+            'series': '25 Curiosidades, 25 de Abril',
+            'episode_number': 2,
+            'episode': 'Estudar ou não estudar',
+            'modified_date': '20240404',
        },
    }, {
-        'url': 'http://www.rtp.pt/play/p831/a-quimica-das-coisas',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.rtp.pt/play/estudoemcasa/p7776/portugues-1-ano',
-        'only_matching': True,
-    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.rtp.pt/play/palco/p13785/l7nnon',
-        'only_matching': True,
+        # Episode not accessible through API
+        'url': 'https://www.rtp.pt/play/estudoemcasa/p7776/e500050/portugues-1-ano',
+        'md5': '57660c0b46db9f22118c52cbd65975e4',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'e500050',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Português - 1.º ano',
+            'duration': 1669.0,
+            'description': 'md5:be68925c81269f8c6886589f25fe83ea',
+            'upload_date': '20201020',
+            'timestamp': 1603180799,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn-images.rtp.pt/EPG/imagens/39482_59449_64850.png?v=3&w=860',
+        },
    }]

+    _USER_AGENT = 'rtpplay/2.0.66 (pt.rtp.rtpplay; build:2066; iOS 15.8.3) Alamofire/5.9.1'
+    _AUTH_TOKEN = None
+
+    def _fetch_auth_token(self):
+        if self._AUTH_TOKEN:
+            return self._AUTH_TOKEN
+        self._AUTH_TOKEN = traverse_obj(self._download_json(Request(
+            'https://rtpplayapi.rtp.pt/play/api/2/token-manager',
+            headers={
+                'Accept': '*/*',
+                'rtp-play-auth': 'RTPPLAY_MOBILE_IOS',
+                'rtp-play-auth-hash': 'fac9c328b2f27e26e03d7f8942d66c05b3e59371e16c2a079f5c83cc801bd3ee',
+                'rtp-play-auth-timestamp': '2145973229682',
+                'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+            }, extensions={'keep_header_casing': True}), None,
+            note='Fetching guest auth token', errnote='Could not fetch guest auth token',
+            fatal=False), ('token', 'token', {str}))
+        return self._AUTH_TOKEN
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _cleanup_media_url(url):
+        if urllib.parse.urlparse(url).netloc == 'streaming-ondemand.rtp.pt':
+            return None
+        return url.replace('/drm-fps/', '/hls/').replace('/drm-dash/', '/dash/')
+
+    def _extract_formats(self, media_urls, episode_id):
+        formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
+        for media_url in set(traverse_obj(media_urls, (..., {url_or_none}, {self._cleanup_media_url}))):
+            ext = determine_ext(media_url)
+            if ext == 'm3u8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    media_url, episode_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            elif ext == 'mpd':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    media_url, episode_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+                formats.extend(fmts)
+                self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+            else:
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': media_url,
+                    'format_id': 'http',
+                })
+        return formats, subtitles
+
+    def _extract_from_api(self, program_id, episode_id):
+        auth_token = self._fetch_auth_token()
+        if not auth_token:
+            return
+        episode_data = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.rtp.pt/play/api/1/get-episode/{program_id}/{episode_id[1:]}', episode_id,
+            query={'include_assets': 'true', 'include_webparams': 'true'},
+            headers={
+                'Accept': '*/*',
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {auth_token}',
+                'User-Agent': self._USER_AGENT,
+            }, fatal=False), 'result', {dict})
+        if not episode_data:
+            return
+        asset_urls = traverse_obj(episode_data, ('assets', 0, 'asset_url', {dict}))
+        media_urls = traverse_obj(asset_urls, (
+            ((('hls', 'dash'), 'stream_url'), ('multibitrate', ('url_hls', 'url_dash'))),))
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats(media_urls, episode_id)
+
+        for sub_data in traverse_obj(asset_urls, ('subtitles', 'vtt_list', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['file']))):
+            subtitles.setdefault(sub_data.get('code') or 'pt', []).append({
+                'url': sub_data['file'],
+                'name': sub_data.get('language'),
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': episode_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'thumbnail': traverse_obj(episode_data, ('assets', 0, 'asset_thumbnail', {url_or_none})),
+            **traverse_obj(episode_data, ('episode', {
+                'title': (('episode_title', 'program_title'), {str}, filter, any),
+                'alt_title': ('episode_subtitle', {str}, filter),
+                'description': (('episode_description', 'episode_summary'), {str}, filter, any),
+                'timestamp': ('episode_air_date', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+                'modified_timestamp': ('episode_lastchanged', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+                'duration': ('episode_duration_complete', {parse_duration}),
+                'episode': ('episode_title', {str}, filter),
+                'episode_number': ('episode_number', {int_or_none}),
+                'season': ('program_season', {str}, filter),
+                'series': ('program_title', {str}, filter),
+            })),
+        }
+
    _RX_OBFUSCATION = re.compile(r'''(?xs)
        atob\s*\(\s*decodeURIComponent\s*\(\s*
            (\[[0-9A-Za-z%,'"]*\])
        \s*\.\s*join\(\s*(?:""|'')\s*\)\s*\)\s*\)
    ''')

-    def __unobfuscate(self, data, *, video_id):
-        if data.startswith('{'):
-            data = self._RX_OBFUSCATION.sub(
-                lambda m: json.dumps(
-                    base64.b64decode(urllib.parse.unquote(
-                        ''.join(self._parse_json(m.group(1), video_id)),
-                    )).decode('iso-8859-1')),
-                data)
-        return js_to_json(data)
+    def __unobfuscate(self, data):
+        return self._RX_OBFUSCATION.sub(
+            lambda m: json.dumps(
+                base64.b64decode(urllib.parse.unquote(
+                    ''.join(json.loads(m.group(1))),
+                )).decode('iso-8859-1')),
+            data)

-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        title = self._html_search_meta(
-            'twitter:title', webpage, display_name='title', fatal=True)
-
-        f, config = self._search_regex(
-            r'''(?sx)
-                (?:var\s+f\s*=\s*(?P<f>".*?"|{[^;]+?});\s*)?
-                var\s+player1\s+=\s+new\s+RTPPlayer\s*\((?P<config>{(?:(?!\*/).)+?})\);(?!\s*\*/)
-            ''', webpage,
-            'player config', group=('f', 'config'))
-
-        config = self._parse_json(
-            config, video_id,
-            lambda data: self.__unobfuscate(data, video_id=video_id))
-        f = config['file'] if not f else self._parse_json(
-            f, video_id,
-            lambda data: self.__unobfuscate(data, video_id=video_id))
+    def _extract_from_html(self, url, episode_id):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, episode_id)

        formats = []
-        if isinstance(f, dict):
-            f_hls = f.get('hls')
-            if f_hls is not None:
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    f_hls, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native', m3u8_id='hls'))
-
-            f_dash = f.get('dash')
-            if f_dash is not None:
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(f_dash, video_id, mpd_id='dash'))
-        else:
-            formats.append({
-                'format_id': 'f',
-                'url': f,
-                'vcodec': 'none' if config.get('mediaType') == 'audio' else None,
-            })
-
        subtitles = {}
-
-        vtt = config.get('vtt')
-        if vtt is not None:
-            for lcode, lname, url in vtt:
-                subtitles.setdefault(lcode, []).append({
-                    'name': lname,
-                    'url': url,
-                })
+        media_urls = traverse_obj(re.findall(r'(?:var\s+f\s*=|RTPPlayer\({[^}]+file:)\s*({[^}]+}|"[^"]+")', webpage), (
+            -1, (({self.__unobfuscate}, {js_to_json}, {json.loads}, {dict.values}, ...), {json.loads})))
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats(media_urls, episode_id)

        return {
-            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'id': episode_id,
            'formats': formats,
-            'description': self._html_search_meta(['description', 'twitter:description'], webpage),
-            'thumbnail': config.get('poster') or self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage),
            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'description': self._html_search_meta(['og:description', 'twitter:description'], webpage, default=None),
+            'thumbnail': self._html_search_meta(['og:image', 'twitter:image'], webpage, default=None),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, episode_id, default={}),
+            'title': self._html_search_meta(['og:title', 'twitter:title'], webpage, default=None),
        }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        program_id, episode_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('program_id', 'id')
+        return self._extract_from_api(program_id, episode_id) or self._extract_from_html(url, episode_id)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/skyit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/skyit.py
@@ -2,16 +2,18 @@ import urllib.parse

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
    dict_get,
    int_or_none,
    parse_duration,
    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


-class SkyItPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    IE_NAME = 'player.sky.it'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://player\.sky\.it/player/(?:external|social)\.html\?.*?\bid=(?P<id>\d+)'
+class SkyItBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    _GEO_BYPASS = False
    _DOMAIN = 'sky'
    _PLAYER_TMPL = 'https://player.sky.it/player/external.html?id=%s&domain=%s'
@@ -33,7 +35,6 @@ class SkyItPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
            SkyItPlayerIE.ie_key(), video_id)

    def _parse_video(self, video, video_id):
-        title = video['title']
        is_live = video.get('type') == 'live'
        hls_url = video.get(('streaming' if is_live else 'hls') + '_url')
        if not hls_url and video.get('geoblock' if is_live else 'geob'):
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ class SkyItPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):

        return {
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
+            'title': video.get('title'),
            'formats': formats,
            'thumbnail': dict_get(video, ('video_still', 'video_still_medium', 'thumb')),
            'description': video.get('short_desc') or None,
@@ -52,6 +53,11 @@ class SkyItPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
            'is_live': is_live,
        }

+
+class SkyItPlayerIE(SkyItBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'player.sky.it'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://player\.sky\.it/player/(?:external|social)\.html\?.*?\bid=(?P<id>\d+)'
+
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        domain = urllib.parse.parse_qs(urllib.parse.urlparse(
@@ -67,7 +73,7 @@ class SkyItPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
        return self._parse_video(video, video_id)


-class SkyItVideoIE(SkyItPlayerIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class SkyItVideoIE(SkyItBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'video.sky.it'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:masterchef|video|xfactor)\.sky\.it(?:/[^/]+)*/video/[0-9a-z-]+-(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ class SkyItVideoIE(SkyItPlayerIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
        return self._player_url_result(video_id)


-class SkyItVideoLiveIE(SkyItPlayerIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class SkyItVideoLiveIE(SkyItBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'video.sky.it:live'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://video\.sky\.it/diretta/(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
    _TEST = {
@@ -124,7 +130,7 @@ class SkyItVideoLiveIE(SkyItPlayerIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
        return self._parse_video(livestream, asset_id)


-class SkyItIE(SkyItPlayerIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class SkyItIE(SkyItBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'sky.it'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:sport|tg24)\.sky\.it(?:/[^/]+)*/\d{4}/\d{2}/\d{2}/(?P<id>[^/?&#]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
@@ -223,3 +229,80 @@ class TV8ItIE(SkyItVideoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }]
    _DOMAIN = 'mtv8'
+
+
+class TV8ItLiveIE(SkyItBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'tv8.it:live'
+    IE_DESC = 'TV8 Live'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tv8\.it/streaming'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://tv8.it/streaming',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'tv8',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': str,
+            'description': str,
+            'is_live': True,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = 'tv8'
+        livestream = self._download_json(
+            'https://apid.sky.it/vdp/v1/getLivestream', video_id,
+            'Downloading manifest JSON', query={'id': '7'})
+        metadata = self._download_json('https://tv8.it/api/getStreaming', video_id, fatal=False)
+
+        return {
+            **self._parse_video(livestream, video_id),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, ('info', {
+                'title': ('title', 'text', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', 'html', {clean_html}),
+            })),
+        }
+
+
+class TV8ItPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'tv8.it:playlist'
+    IE_DESC = 'TV8 Playlist'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tv8\.it/(?!video)[^/#?]+/(?P<id>[^/#?]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://tv8.it/intrattenimento/tv8-gialappas-night',
+        'playlist_mincount': 32,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'tv8-gialappas-night',
+            'title': 'Tv8 Gialappa\'s Night',
+            'description': 'md5:c876039d487d9cf40229b768872718ed',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://static\.sky\.it/.+\.(png|jpe?g|webp)',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tv8.it/sport/uefa-europa-league',
+        'playlist_mincount': 11,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'uefa-europa-league',
+            'title': 'UEFA Europa League',
+            'description': 'md5:9ab1832b7a8b1705b1f590e13a36bc6a',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://static\.sky\.it/.+\.(png|jpe?g|webp)',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, playlist_id)
+        data = self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, playlist_id)['props']['pageProps']['data']
+        entries = [self.url_result(
+            urljoin('https://tv8.it', card['href']), ie=TV8ItIE,
+            **traverse_obj(card, {
+                'description': ('extraData', 'videoDesc', {str}),
+                'id': ('extraData', 'asset_id', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', 'src', {url_or_none}),
+                'title': ('title', 'typography', 'text', {str}),
+            }))
+            for card in traverse_obj(data, ('lastContent', 'cards', lambda _, v: v['href']))]
+
+        return self.playlist_result(entries, playlist_id, **traverse_obj(data, ('card', 'desktop', {
+            'description': ('description', 'html', {clean_html}),
+            'thumbnail': ('image', 'src', {url_or_none}),
+            'title': ('title', 'text', {str}),
+        })))
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/softwhiteunderbelly.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/softwhiteunderbelly.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .vimeo import VHXEmbedIE
+from ..utils import (
+    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
+    update_url,
+    urlencode_postdata,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj
+
+
+class SoftWhiteUnderbellyIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com/login'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'softwhiteunderbelly'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?softwhiteunderbelly\.com/videos/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com/videos/kenneth-final1',
+        'note': 'A single Soft White Underbelly Episode',
+        'md5': '8e79f29ec1f1bda6da2e0b998fcbebb8',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3201266',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'kenneth-final1',
+            'title': 'Appalachian Man interview-Kenneth',
+            'description': 'Soft White Underbelly interview and portrait of Kenneth, an Appalachian man in Clay County, Kentucky.',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://vhx.imgix.net/softwhiteunderbelly/assets/249f6db0-2b39-49a4-979b-f8dad4681825.jpg',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user80538407',
+            'uploader': 'OTT Videos',
+            'uploader_id': 'user80538407',
+            'duration': 512,
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com/videos/tj-2-final-2160p',
+        'note': 'A single Soft White Underbelly Episode',
+        'md5': '286bd8851b4824c62afb369e6f307036',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '3506029',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'display_id': 'tj-2-final-2160p',
+            'title': 'Fentanyl Addict interview-TJ (follow up)',
+            'description': 'Soft White Underbelly follow up interview and portrait of TJ, a fentanyl addict on Skid Row.',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://vhx.imgix.net/softwhiteunderbelly/assets/c883d531-5da0-4faf-a2e2-8eba97e5adfc.jpg',
+            'duration': 817,
+            'uploader': 'OTT Videos',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user80538407',
+            'uploader_id': 'user80538407',
+        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
+    }]
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        signin_page = self._download_webpage(self._LOGIN_URL, None, 'Fetching authenticity token')
+        self._download_webpage(
+            self._LOGIN_URL, None, 'Logging in',
+            data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'email': username,
+                'password': password,
+                'authenticity_token': self._html_search_regex(
+                    r'name=["\']authenticity_token["\']\s+value=["\']([^"\']+)', signin_page, 'authenticity_token'),
+                'utf8': True,
+            }),
+        )
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+        if '<div id="watch-unauthorized"' in webpage:
+            if self._get_cookies('https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com').get('_session'):
+                raise ExtractorError('This account is not subscribed to this content', expected=True)
+            self.raise_login_required()
+
+        embed_url, embed_id = self._html_search_regex(
+            r'embed_url:\s*["\'](?P<url>https?://embed\.vhx\.tv/videos/(?P<id>\d+)[^"\']*)',
+            webpage, 'embed url', group=('url', 'id'))
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'ie_key': VHXEmbedIE.ie_key(),
+            'url': VHXEmbedIE._smuggle_referrer(embed_url, 'https://www.softwhiteunderbelly.com'),
+            'id': embed_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'title': traverse_obj(webpage, ({find_element(id='watch-info')}, {find_element(cls='video-title')}, {clean_html})),
+            'description': self._html_search_meta('description', webpage, default=None),
+            'thumbnail': update_url(self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage) or '', query=None) or None,
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/soundcloud.py
@@ -52,7 +52,8 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    _API_VERIFY_AUTH_TOKEN = 'https://api-auth.soundcloud.com/connect/session%s'
    _HEADERS = {}

-    _IMAGE_REPL_RE = r'-([0-9a-z]+)\.jpg'
+    _IMAGE_REPL_RE = r'-[0-9a-z]+\.(?P<ext>jpg|png)'
+    _TAGS_RE = re.compile(r'"([^"]+)"|([^ ]+)')

    _ARTWORK_MAP = {
        'mini': 16,
@@ -331,12 +332,14 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
        thumbnails = []
        artwork_url = info.get('artwork_url')
        thumbnail = artwork_url or user.get('avatar_url')
-        if isinstance(thumbnail, str):
-            if re.search(self._IMAGE_REPL_RE, thumbnail):
+        if url_or_none(thumbnail):
+            if mobj := re.search(self._IMAGE_REPL_RE, thumbnail):
                for image_id, size in self._ARTWORK_MAP.items():
+                    # Soundcloud serves JPEG regardless of URL's ext *except* for "original" thumb
+                    ext = mobj.group('ext') if image_id == 'original' else 'jpg'
                    i = {
                        'id': image_id,
-                        'url': re.sub(self._IMAGE_REPL_RE, f'-{image_id}.jpg', thumbnail),
+                        'url': re.sub(self._IMAGE_REPL_RE, f'-{image_id}.{ext}', thumbnail),
                    }
                    if image_id == 'tiny' and not artwork_url:
                        size = 18
@@ -372,6 +375,7 @@ class SoundcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
            'comment_count': extract_count('comment'),
            'repost_count': extract_count('reposts'),
            'genres': traverse_obj(info, ('genre', {str}, filter, all, filter)),
+            'tags': traverse_obj(info, ('tag_list', {self._TAGS_RE.findall}, ..., ..., filter)),
            'artists': traverse_obj(info, ('publisher_metadata', 'artist', {str}, filter, all, filter)),
            'formats': formats if not extract_flat else None,
        }
@@ -425,6 +429,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                'repost_count': int,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-000031955188-rwb18x-original.jpg',
                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/ethmusic',
+                'tags': 'count:14',
            },
        },
        # geo-restricted
@@ -440,7 +445,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                'uploader_id': '9615865',
                'timestamp': 1337635207,
                'upload_date': '20120521',
-                'duration': 227.155,
+                'duration': 227.103,
                'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
                'view_count': int,
                'like_count': int,
@@ -450,6 +455,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-v8bFHhXm7Au6-0-original.jpg',
                'genres': ['Alternative'],
                'artists': ['The Royal Concept'],
+                'tags': [],
            },
        },
        # private link
@@ -475,6 +481,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/jaimemf',
                'thumbnail': 'https://a1.sndcdn.com/images/default_avatar_large.png',
                'genres': ['youtubedl'],
+                'tags': [],
            },
        },
        # private link (alt format)
@@ -500,15 +507,16 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/jaimemf',
                'thumbnail': 'https://a1.sndcdn.com/images/default_avatar_large.png',
                'genres': ['youtubedl'],
+                'tags': [],
            },
        },
        # downloadable song
        {
            'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/the80m/the-following',
-            'md5': '9ffcddb08c87d74fb5808a3c183a1d04',
+            'md5': 'ecb87d7705d5f53e6c02a63760573c75',  # wav: '9ffcddb08c87d74fb5808a3c183a1d04'
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '343609555',
-                'ext': 'wav',
+                'ext': 'opus',  # wav original available with auth
                'title': 'The Following',
                'track': 'The Following',
                'description': '',
@@ -526,15 +534,18 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                'view_count': int,
                'genres': ['Dance & EDM'],
                'artists': ['80M'],
+                'tags': ['80M', 'EDM', 'Dance', 'Music'],
            },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Original download format is only available for registered users'],
        },
        # private link, downloadable format
+        # tags with spaces (e.g. "Uplifting Trance", "Ori Uplift")
        {
            'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/oriuplift/uponly-238-no-talking-wav/s-AyZUd',
-            'md5': '64a60b16e617d41d0bef032b7f55441e',
+            'md5': '2e1530d0e9986a833a67cb34fc90ece0',  # wav: '64a60b16e617d41d0bef032b7f55441e'
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '340344461',
-                'ext': 'wav',
+                'ext': 'opus',  # wav original available with auth
                'title': 'Uplifting Only 238 [No Talking] (incl. Alex Feed Guestmix) (Aug 31, 2017) [wav]',
                'track': 'Uplifting Only 238 [No Talking] (incl. Alex Feed Guestmix) (Aug 31, 2017) [wav]',
                'description': 'md5:fa20ee0fca76a3d6df8c7e57f3715366',
@@ -552,7 +563,9 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/oriuplift',
                'genres': ['Trance'],
                'artists': ['Ori Uplift'],
+                'tags': ['Orchestral', 'Emotional', 'Uplifting Trance', 'Trance', 'Ori Uplift', 'UpOnly'],
            },
+            'expected_warnings': ['Original download format is only available for registered users'],
        },
        # no album art, use avatar pic for thumbnail
        {
@@ -577,6 +590,7 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                'repost_count': int,
                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/garyvee',
                'artists': ['MadReal'],
+                'tags': [],
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@@ -604,8 +618,47 @@ class SoundcloudIE(SoundcloudBaseIE):
                'repost_count': int,
                'genres': ['Piano'],
                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/giovannisarani',
+                'tags': 'count:10',
            },
        },
+        # .png "original" artwork, 160kbps m4a HLS format
+        {
+            'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/skorxh/audio-dealer',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '2011421339',
+                'ext': 'm4a',
+                'title': 'audio dealer',
+                'description': '',
+                'uploader': '$KORCH',
+                'uploader_id': '150292288',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://soundcloud.com/skorxh',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'view_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'repost_count': int,
+                'duration': 213.469,
+                'tags': [],
+                'artists': ['$KORXH'],
+                'track': 'audio dealer',
+                'timestamp': 1737143201,
+                'upload_date': '20250117',
+                'license': 'all-rights-reserved',
+                'thumbnail': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-original.png',
+                'thumbnails': [
+                    {'id': 'mini', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-mini.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'tiny', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-tiny.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'small', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-small.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'badge', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-badge.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 't67x67', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-t67x67.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'large', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-large.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 't300x300', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-t300x300.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'crop', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-crop.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 't500x500', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-t500x500.jpg'},
+                    {'id': 'original', 'url': 'https://i1.sndcdn.com/artworks-a1wKGMYNreDLTMrT-fGjRiw-original.png'},
+                ],
+            },
+            'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8', 'format': 'hls_aac_160k'},
+        },
        {
            # AAC HQ format available (account with active subscription needed)
            'url': 'https://soundcloud.com/wandw/the-chainsmokers-ft-daya-dont-let-me-down-ww-remix-1',
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/sovietscloset.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
+from .bunnycdn import BunnyCdnIE
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import try_get, unified_timestamp
+from ..utils import make_archive_id, try_get, unified_timestamp


 class SovietsClosetBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ class SovietsClosetIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):
            'url': 'https://sovietscloset.com/video/1337',
            'md5': 'bd012b04b261725510ca5383074cdd55',
            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '1337',
+                'id': '2f0cfbf4-3588-43a9-a7d6-7c9ea3755e67',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'The Witcher #13',
                'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.b-cdn\.net/2f0cfbf4-3588-43a9-a7d6-7c9ea3755e67/thumbnail\.jpg$',
@@ -55,20 +56,23 @@ class SovietsClosetIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):
                'upload_date': '20170413',
                'uploader_id': 'SovietWomble',
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.twitch.tv/SovietWomble',
-                'duration': 7007,
+                'duration': 7008,
                'was_live': True,
                'availability': 'public',
                'series': 'The Witcher',
                'season': 'Misc',
                'episode_number': 13,
                'episode': 'Episode 13',
+                'creators': ['SovietWomble'],
+                'description': '',
+                '_old_archive_ids': ['sovietscloset 1337'],
            },
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://sovietscloset.com/video/1105',
            'md5': '89fa928f183893cb65a0b7be846d8a90',
            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '1105',
+                'id': 'c0e5e76f-3a93-40b4-bf01-12343c2eec5d',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Arma 3 - Zeus Games #5',
                'uploader': 'SovietWomble',
@@ -80,39 +84,20 @@ class SovietsClosetIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):
                'upload_date': '20160420',
                'uploader_id': 'SovietWomble',
                'uploader_url': 'https://www.twitch.tv/SovietWomble',
-                'duration': 8804,
+                'duration': 8805,
                'was_live': True,
                'availability': 'public',
                'series': 'Arma 3',
                'season': 'Zeus Games',
                'episode_number': 5,
                'episode': 'Episode 5',
+                'creators': ['SovietWomble'],
+                'description': '',
+                '_old_archive_ids': ['sovietscloset 1105'],
            },
        },
    ]

-    def _extract_bunnycdn_iframe(self, video_id, bunnycdn_id):
-        iframe = self._download_webpage(
-            f'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/5105/{bunnycdn_id}',
-            video_id, note='Downloading BunnyCDN iframe', headers=self.MEDIADELIVERY_REFERER)
-
-        m3u8_url = self._search_regex(r'(https?://.*?\.m3u8)', iframe, 'm3u8 url')
-        thumbnail_url = self._search_regex(r'(https?://.*?thumbnail\.jpg)', iframe, 'thumbnail url')
-
-        m3u8_formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, headers=self.MEDIADELIVERY_REFERER)
-
-        if not m3u8_formats:
-            duration = None
-        else:
-            duration = self._extract_m3u8_vod_duration(
-                m3u8_formats[0]['url'], video_id, headers=self.MEDIADELIVERY_REFERER)
-
-        return {
-            'formats': m3u8_formats,
-            'thumbnail': thumbnail_url,
-            'duration': duration,
-        }
-
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
@@ -122,13 +107,13 @@ class SovietsClosetIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):

        stream = self.parse_nuxt_jsonp(f'{static_assets_base}/video/{video_id}/payload.js', video_id, 'video')['stream']

-        return {
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://iframe.mediadelivery.net/embed/5105/{stream["bunnyId"]}', ie=BunnyCdnIE, url_transparent=True,
            **self.video_meta(
                video_id=video_id, game_name=stream['game']['name'],
                category_name=try_get(stream, lambda x: x['subcategory']['name'], str),
                episode_number=stream.get('number'), stream_date=stream.get('date')),
-            **self._extract_bunnycdn_iframe(video_id, stream['bunnyId']),
-        }
+            _old_archive_ids=[make_archive_id(self, video_id)])


 class SovietsClosetPlaylistIE(SovietsClosetBaseIE):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/telecinco.py
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ class TelecincoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                error_code = traverse_obj(
                    self._webpage_read_content(error.cause.response, caronte['cerbero'], video_id, fatal=False),
                    ({json.loads}, 'code', {int}))
-                if error_code == 4038:
+                if error_code in (4038, 40313):
                    self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['ES'])
            raise

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tiktok.py
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    srt_subtitles_timecode,
    str_or_none,
    traverse_obj,
+    truncate_string,
    try_call,
    try_get,
    url_or_none,
@@ -249,6 +250,12 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
        elif fatal:
            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract webpage video data')

+        if not traverse_obj(video_data, ('video', {dict})) and traverse_obj(video_data, ('isContentClassified', {bool})):
+            message = 'This post may not be comfortable for some audiences. Log in for access'
+            if fatal:
+                self.raise_login_required(message)
+            self.report_warning(f'{message}. {self._login_hint()}', video_id=video_id)
+
        return video_data, status

    def _get_subtitles(self, aweme_detail, aweme_id, user_name):
@@ -438,7 +445,7 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
        return {
            'id': aweme_id,
            **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, {
-                'title': ('desc', {str}),
+                'title': ('desc', {truncate_string(left=72)}),
                'description': ('desc', {str}),
                'timestamp': ('create_time', {int_or_none}),
            }),
@@ -589,7 +596,7 @@ class TikTokBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
            })),
            **traverse_obj(aweme_detail, {
-                'title': ('desc', {str}),
+                'title': ('desc', {truncate_string(left=72)}),
                'description': ('desc', {str}),
                # audio-only slideshows have a video duration of 0 and an actual audio duration
                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}, filter),
@@ -650,7 +657,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '6742501081818877190',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:5e2a23877420bb85ce6521dbee39ba94',
+            'title': 'Tag 1 Friend reverse this Video and look what happens 🤩😱 @skyandtami ...',
            'description': 'md5:5e2a23877420bb85ce6521dbee39ba94',
            'duration': 27,
            'height': 1024,
@@ -854,7 +861,7 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '7253412088251534594',
            'ext': 'm4a',
-            'title': 'я ред флаг простите #переписка #щитпост #тревожныйтиппривязанности #рекомендации ',
+            'title': 'я ред флаг простите #переписка #щитпост #тревожныйтиппривязанности #р...',
            'description': 'я ред флаг простите #переписка #щитпост #тревожныйтиппривязанности #рекомендации ',
            'uploader': 'hara_yoimiya',
            'uploader_id': '6582536342634676230',
@@ -895,8 +902,12 @@ class TikTokIE(TikTokBaseIE):

        if video_data and status == 0:
            return self._parse_aweme_video_web(video_data, url, video_id)
-        elif status == 10216:
-            raise ExtractorError('This video is private', expected=True)
+        elif status in (10216, 10222):
+            # 10216: private post; 10222: private account
+            self.raise_login_required(
+                'You do not have permission to view this post. Log into an account that has access')
+        elif status == 10204:
+            raise ExtractorError('Your IP address is blocked from accessing this post', expected=True)
        raise ExtractorError(f'Video not available, status code {status}', video_id=video_id)


--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvw.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvw.py
@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+import json
+
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import clean_html, remove_end, unified_timestamp, url_or_none
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class TvwIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tvw\.org/video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/video/billy-frank-jr-statue-maquette-unveiling-ceremony-2024011211/',
+        'md5': '9ceb94fe2bb7fd726f74f16356825703',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2024011211',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Billy Frank Jr. Statue Maquette Unveiling Ceremony',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'description': 'md5:58a8150017d985b4f377e11ee8f6f36e',
+            'timestamp': 1704902400,
+            'upload_date': '20240110',
+            'location': 'Legislative Building',
+            'display_id': 'billy-frank-jr-statue-maquette-unveiling-ceremony-2024011211',
+            'categories': ['General Interest'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/video/ebeys-landing-state-park-2024081007/',
+        'md5': '71e87dae3deafd65d75ff3137b9a32fc',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2024081007',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Ebey\'s Landing State Park',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'description': 'md5:50c5bd73bde32fa6286a008dbc853386',
+            'timestamp': 1724310900,
+            'upload_date': '20240822',
+            'location': 'Ebey’s Landing State Park',
+            'display_id': 'ebeys-landing-state-park-2024081007',
+            'categories': ['Washington State Parks'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/video/home-warranties-workgroup-2',
+        'md5': 'f678789bf94d07da89809f213cf37150',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1999121000',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Home Warranties Workgroup',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'description': 'md5:861396cc523c9641d0dce690bc5c35f3',
+            'timestamp': 946389600,
+            'upload_date': '19991228',
+            'display_id': 'home-warranties-workgroup-2',
+            'categories': ['Legislative'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/video/washington-to-washington-a-new-space-race-2022041111/?eventID=2022041111',
+        'md5': '6f5551090b351aba10c0d08a881b4f30',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2022041111',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Washington to Washington - A New Space Race',
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'description': 'md5:f65a24eec56107afbcebb3aa5cd26341',
+            'timestamp': 1650394800,
+            'upload_date': '20220419',
+            'location': 'Hayner Media Center',
+            'display_id': 'washington-to-washington-a-new-space-race-2022041111',
+            'categories': ['Washington to Washington', 'General Interest'],
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, display_id)
+
+        client_id = self._html_search_meta('clientID', webpage, fatal=True)
+        video_id = self._html_search_meta('eventID', webpage, fatal=True)
+
+        video_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.v3.invintus.com/v2/Event/getDetailed', video_id,
+            headers={
+                'authorization': 'embedder',
+                'wsc-api-key': '7WhiEBzijpritypp8bqcU7pfU9uicDR',
+            },
+            data=json.dumps({
+                'clientID': client_id,
+                'eventID': video_id,
+                'showStreams': True,
+            }).encode())['data']
+
+        formats = []
+        subtitles = {}
+        for stream_url in traverse_obj(video_data, ('streamingURIs', ..., {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                stream_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+        if caption_url := traverse_obj(video_data, ('captionPath', {url_or_none})):
+            subtitles.setdefault('en', []).append({'url': caption_url, 'ext': 'vtt'})
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'display_id': display_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'title': remove_end(self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None), ' - TVW'),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None),
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                'categories': ('categories', ..., {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('videoThumbnail', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('startDateTime', {unified_timestamp}),
+                'location': ('locationName', {str}),
+                'is_live': ('eventStatus', {lambda x: x == 'live'}),
+            }),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    str_or_none,
    strip_or_none,
    traverse_obj,
+    truncate_string,
    try_call,
    try_get,
    unified_timestamp,
@@ -358,6 +359,7 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                'display_id': '560070183650213889',
                'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/Twitter',
            },
+            'skip': 'This content is no longer available.',
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/cards/tfw/v1/623160978427936768',
@@ -365,7 +367,7 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
            'info_dict': {
                'id': '623160978427936768',
                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': "NASA - Fly over Pluto's icy Norgay Mountains and Sputnik Plain in this @NASANewHorizons #PlutoFlyby video.",
+                'title': "NASA - Fly over Pluto's icy Norgay Mountains and Sputnik Plain in this @NASA...",
                'description': "Fly over Pluto's icy Norgay Mountains and Sputnik Plain in this @NASANewHorizons #PlutoFlyby video. https://t.co/BJYgOjSeGA",
                'uploader': 'NASA',
                'uploader_id': 'NASA',
@@ -377,12 +379,14 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                'like_count': int,
                'repost_count': int,
                'tags': ['PlutoFlyby'],
+                'channel_id': '11348282',
+                '_old_archive_ids': ['twitter 623160978427936768'],
            },
            'params': {'format': '[protocol=https]'},
        },
        {
            'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/cards/tfw/v1/654001591733886977',
-            'md5': 'b6d9683dd3f48e340ded81c0e917ad46',
+            'md5': 'fb08fbd69595cbd8818f0b2f2a94474d',
            'info_dict': {
                'id': 'dq4Oj5quskI',
                'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -390,12 +394,12 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                'description': 'md5:a831e97fa384863d6e26ce48d1c43376',
                'upload_date': '20111013',
                'uploader': 'OMG! UBUNTU!',
-                'uploader_id': 'omgubuntu',
+                'uploader_id': '@omgubuntu',
                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIiSwcm9xiFb3Y4wjzR41eQ',
                'channel_id': 'UCIiSwcm9xiFb3Y4wjzR41eQ',
                'channel_follower_count': int,
                'chapters': 'count:8',
-                'uploader_url': 'http://www.youtube.com/user/omgubuntu',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@omgubuntu',
                'duration': 138,
                'categories': ['Film & Animation'],
                'age_limit': 0,
@@ -407,6 +411,9 @@ class TwitterCardIE(InfoExtractor):
                'tags': 'count:12',
                'channel': 'OMG! UBUNTU!',
                'playable_in_embed': True,
+                'heatmap': 'count:100',
+                'timestamp': 1318500227,
+                'live_status': 'not_live',
            },
            'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
        },
@@ -548,13 +555,14 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'age_limit': 0,
            '_old_archive_ids': ['twitter 700207533655363584'],
        },
+        'skip': 'Tweet has been deleted',
    }, {
        'url': 'https://twitter.com/captainamerica/status/719944021058060289',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '717462543795523584',
            'display_id': '719944021058060289',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Captain America - @King0fNerd Are you sure you made the right choice? Find out in theaters.',
+            'title': 'Captain America - @King0fNerd Are you sure you made the right choice? Find out in theat...',
            'description': '@King0fNerd Are you sure you made the right choice? Find out in theaters. https://t.co/GpgYi9xMJI',
            'channel_id': '701615052',
            'uploader_id': 'CaptainAmerica',
@@ -591,7 +599,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '852077943283097602',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'عالم الأخبار - كلمة تاريخية بجلسة الجناسي التاريخية.. النائب خالد مؤنس العتيبي للمعارضين : اتقوا الله .. الظلم ظلمات يوم القيامة',
+            'title': 'عالم الأخبار - كلمة تاريخية بجلسة الجناسي التاريخية.. النائب خالد مؤنس العتيبي للمعا...',
            'description': 'كلمة تاريخية بجلسة الجناسي التاريخية.. النائب خالد مؤنس العتيبي للمعارضين : اتقوا الله .. الظلم ظلمات يوم القيامة   https://t.co/xg6OhpyKfN',
            'channel_id': '2526757026',
            'uploader': 'عالم الأخبار',
@@ -615,7 +623,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'id': '910030238373089285',
            'display_id': '910031516746514432',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Préfet de Guadeloupe - [Direct] #Maria Le centre se trouve actuellement au sud de Basse-Terre. Restez confinés. Réfugiez-vous dans la pièce la + sûre.',
+            'title': 'Préfet de Guadeloupe - [Direct] #Maria Le centre se trouve actuellement au sud de Basse-Terr...',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
            'description': '[Direct] #Maria Le centre se trouve actuellement au sud de Basse-Terre. Restez confinés. Réfugiez-vous dans la pièce la + sûre. https://t.co/mwx01Rs4lo',
            'channel_id': '2319432498',
@@ -707,7 +715,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'id': '1349774757969989634',
            'display_id': '1349794411333394432',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:d1c4941658e4caaa6cb579260d85dcba',
+            'title': "Brooklyn Nets - WATCH: Sean Marks' full media session after our acquisition of 8-time...",
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
            'description': 'md5:71ead15ec44cee55071547d6447c6a3e',
            'channel_id': '18552281',
@@ -733,7 +741,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'id': '1577855447914409984',
            'display_id': '1577855540407197696',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:466a3a8b049b5f5a13164ce915484b51',
+            'title': 'Oshtru - gm ✨️ now I can post image and video. nice update.',
            'description': 'md5:b9c3699335447391d11753ab21c70a74',
            'upload_date': '20221006',
            'channel_id': '143077138',
@@ -755,10 +763,10 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
        'url': 'https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX/status/1577719286659006464',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '1577719286659006464',
-            'title': 'Ultima Reload - Test',
+            'title': 'Ultima - Test',
            'description': 'Test https://t.co/Y3KEZD7Dad',
            'channel_id': '168922496',
-            'uploader': 'Ultima Reload',
+            'uploader': 'Ultima',
            'uploader_id': 'UltimaShadowX',
            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/UltimaShadowX',
            'upload_date': '20221005',
@@ -777,7 +785,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'id': '1575559336759263233',
            'display_id': '1575560063510810624',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:eec26382babd0f7c18f041db8ae1c9c9',
+            'title': 'Max Olson - Absolutely heartbreaking footage captured by our surge probe of catas...',
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.jpg',
            'description': 'md5:95aea692fda36a12081b9629b02daa92',
            'channel_id': '1094109584',
@@ -901,18 +909,18 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
        'playlist_mincount': 2,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '1600649710662213632',
-            'title': 'md5:be05989b0722e114103ed3851a0ffae2',
+            'title': "Jocelyn Laidlaw - How Kirstie Alley's tragic death inspired me to share more about my c...",
            'timestamp': 1670459604.0,
            'description': 'md5:591c19ce66fadc2359725d5cd0d1052c',
            'comment_count': int,
-            'uploader_id': 'CTVJLaidlaw',
+            'uploader_id': 'JocelynVLaidlaw',
            'channel_id': '80082014',
            'repost_count': int,
            'tags': ['colorectalcancer', 'cancerjourney', 'imnotaquitter'],
            'upload_date': '20221208',
            'age_limit': 0,
            'uploader': 'Jocelyn Laidlaw',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/CTVJLaidlaw',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/JocelynVLaidlaw',
            'like_count': int,
        },
    }, {
@@ -921,17 +929,17 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '1600649511827013632',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:7662a0a27ce6faa3e5b160340f3cfab1',
+            'title': "Jocelyn Laidlaw - How Kirstie Alley's tragic death inspired me to share more about my c... #1",
            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.+\.jpg',
            'timestamp': 1670459604.0,
            'channel_id': '80082014',
-            'uploader_id': 'CTVJLaidlaw',
+            'uploader_id': 'JocelynVLaidlaw',
            'uploader': 'Jocelyn Laidlaw',
            'repost_count': int,
            'comment_count': int,
            'tags': ['colorectalcancer', 'cancerjourney', 'imnotaquitter'],
            'duration': 102.226,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/CTVJLaidlaw',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://twitter.com/JocelynVLaidlaw',
            'display_id': '1600649710662213632',
            'like_count': int,
            'description': 'md5:591c19ce66fadc2359725d5cd0d1052c',
@@ -990,6 +998,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            '_old_archive_ids': ['twitter 1599108751385972737'],
        },
        'params': {'noplaylist': True},
+        'skip': 'Tweet is limited',
    }, {
        'url': 'https://twitter.com/MunTheShinobi/status/1600009574919962625',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -1001,10 +1010,10 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'description': 'This is a genius ad by Apple. \U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525 https://t.co/cNsA0MoOml',
            'thumbnail': 'https://pbs.twimg.com/ext_tw_video_thumb/1600009362759733248/pu/img/XVhFQivj75H_YxxV.jpg?name=orig',
            'age_limit': 0,
-            'uploader': 'Mün',
+            'uploader': 'Boy Called Mün',
            'repost_count': int,
            'upload_date': '20221206',
-            'title': 'Mün - This is a genius ad by Apple. \U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525',
+            'title': 'Boy Called Mün - This is a genius ad by Apple. \U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525\U0001f525',
            'comment_count': int,
            'like_count': int,
            'tags': [],
@@ -1042,7 +1051,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'id': '1694928337846538240',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': '1695424220702888009',
-            'title': 'md5:e8daa9527bc2b947121395494f786d9d',
+            'title': 'Benny Johnson - Donald Trump driving through the urban, poor neighborhoods of Atlanta...',
            'description': 'md5:004f2d37fd58737724ec75bc7e679938',
            'channel_id': '15212187',
            'uploader': 'Benny Johnson',
@@ -1066,7 +1075,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'id': '1694928337846538240',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': '1695424220702888009',
-            'title': 'md5:e8daa9527bc2b947121395494f786d9d',
+            'title': 'Benny Johnson - Donald Trump driving through the urban, poor neighborhoods of Atlanta...',
            'description': 'md5:004f2d37fd58737724ec75bc7e679938',
            'channel_id': '15212187',
            'uploader': 'Benny Johnson',
@@ -1101,6 +1110,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'view_count': int,
        },
        'add_ie': ['TwitterBroadcast'],
+        'skip': 'Broadcast no longer exists',
    }, {
        # Animated gif and quote tweet video
        'url': 'https://twitter.com/BAKKOOONN/status/1696256659889565950',
@@ -1129,7 +1139,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '1724883339285544960',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'md5:cc56716f9ed0b368de2ba54c478e493c',
+            'title': 'Robert F. Kennedy Jr - A beautifully crafted short film by Mikki Willis about my independent...',
            'description': 'md5:9dc14f5b0f1311fc7caf591ae253a164',
            'display_id': '1724884212803834154',
            'channel_id': '337808606',
@@ -1150,7 +1160,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
    }, {
        # x.com
        'url': 'https://x.com/historyinmemes/status/1790637656616943991',
-        'md5': 'daca3952ba0defe2cfafb1276d4c1ea5',
+        'md5': '4549eda363fecfe37439c455923cba2c',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '1790637589910654976',
            'ext': 'mp4',
@@ -1334,7 +1344,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
    def _generate_syndication_token(self, twid):
        # ((Number(twid) / 1e15) * Math.PI).toString(36).replace(/(0+|\.)/g, '')
        translation = str.maketrans(dict.fromkeys('0.'))
-        return js_number_to_string((int(twid) / 1e15) * math.PI, 36).translate(translation)
+        return js_number_to_string((int(twid) / 1e15) * math.pi, 36).translate(translation)

    def _call_syndication_api(self, twid):
        self.report_warning(
@@ -1390,7 +1400,7 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
        title = description = traverse_obj(
            status, (('full_text', 'text'), {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}), get_all=False) or ''
        # strip  'https -_t.co_BJYgOjSeGA' junk from filenames
-        title = re.sub(r'\s+(https?://[^ ]+)', '', title)
+        title = truncate_string(re.sub(r'\s+(https?://[^ ]+)', '', title), left=72)
        user = status.get('user') or {}
        uploader = user.get('name')
        if uploader:
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
@@ -116,6 +116,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                'id': '-77521_162222515',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'ProtivoGunz - Хуёвая песня',
+                'description': 'Видео из официальной группы Noize MC\nhttp://vk.com/noizemc',
                'uploader': 're:(?:Noize MC|Alexander Ilyashenko).*',
                'uploader_id': '39545378',
                'duration': 195,
@@ -165,6 +166,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                'id': '-93049196_456239755',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': '8 серия (озвучка)',
+                'description': 'Видео из официальной группы Noize MC\nhttp://vk.com/noizemc',
                'duration': 8383,
                'comment_count': int,
                'uploader': 'Dizi2021',
@@ -240,6 +242,7 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                'upload_date': '20221005',
                'uploader': 'Шальная Императрица',
                'uploader_id': '-74006511',
+                'description': 'md5:f9315f7786fa0e84e75e4f824a48b056',
            },
        },
        {
@@ -278,6 +281,25 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
            },
            'skip': 'No formats found',
        },
+        {
+            'note': 'video has chapters',
+            'url': 'https://vkvideo.ru/video-18403220_456239696',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '-18403220_456239696',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Трамп отменяет гранты // DeepSeek - Революция в ИИ // Илон Маск читер',
+                'description': 'md5:b112ea9de53683b6d03d29076f62eec2',
+                'uploader': 'Руслан Усачев',
+                'uploader_id': '-18403220',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'duration': 1983,
+                'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+                'chapters': 'count:21',
+                'timestamp': 1738252883,
+                'upload_date': '20250130',
+            },
+        },
        {
            # live stream, hls and rtmp links, most likely already finished live
            # stream by the time you are reading this comment
@@ -449,7 +471,6 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                return self.url_result(opts_url)

        data = player['params'][0]
-        title = unescapeHTML(data['md_title'])

        # 2 = live
        # 3 = post live (finished live)
@@ -507,17 +528,29 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
        return {
            'id': video_id,
            'formats': formats,
-            'title': title,
-            'thumbnail': data.get('jpg'),
-            'uploader': data.get('md_author'),
-            'uploader_id': str_or_none(data.get('author_id') or mv_data.get('authorId')),
-            'duration': int_or_none(data.get('duration') or mv_data.get('duration')),
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(mv_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {unescapeHTML}),
+                'description': ('desc', {clean_html}, filter),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('likes', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('commcount', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('md_title', {unescapeHTML}),
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}, filter),
+                'thumbnail': ('jpg', {url_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('md_author', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': (('author_id', 'authorId'), {str_or_none}, any),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'chapters': ('time_codes', lambda _, v: isinstance(v['time'], int), {
+                    'title': ('text', {str}),
+                    'start_time': 'time',
+                }),
+            }),
            'timestamp': timestamp,
            'view_count': view_count,
-            'like_count': int_or_none(mv_data.get('likes')),
-            'comment_count': int_or_none(mv_data.get('commcount')),
            'is_live': is_live,
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
            '_format_sort_fields': ('res', 'source'),
        }

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vrt.py
@@ -2,31 +2,33 @@ import json
 import time
 import urllib.parse

-from .gigya import GigyaBaseIE
+from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    clean_html,
    extract_attributes,
+    filter_dict,
    float_or_none,
    get_element_by_class,
    get_element_html_by_class,
    int_or_none,
-    join_nonempty,
+    jwt_decode_hs256,
    jwt_encode_hs256,
    make_archive_id,
    merge_dicts,
    parse_age_limit,
+    parse_duration,
    parse_iso8601,
    str_or_none,
    strip_or_none,
    traverse_obj,
+    try_call,
    url_or_none,
-    urlencode_postdata,
 )


-class VRTBaseIE(GigyaBaseIE):
+class VRTBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
    _GEO_BYPASS = False
    _PLAYER_INFO = {
        'platform': 'desktop',
@@ -37,11 +39,11 @@ class VRTBaseIE(GigyaBaseIE):
        'device': 'undefined (undefined)',
        'os': {
            'name': 'Windows',
-            'version': 'x86_64',
+            'version': '10',
        },
        'player': {
            'name': 'VRT web player',
-            'version': '2.7.4-prod-2023-04-19T06:05:45',
+            'version': '5.1.1-prod-2025-02-14T08:44:16"',
        },
    }
    # From https://player.vrt.be/vrtnws/js/main.js & https://player.vrt.be/ketnet/js/main.8cdb11341bcb79e4cd44.js
@@ -90,20 +92,21 @@ class VRTBaseIE(GigyaBaseIE):
    def _call_api(self, video_id, client='null', id_token=None, version='v2'):
        player_info = {'exp': (round(time.time(), 3) + 900), **self._PLAYER_INFO}
        player_token = self._download_json(
-            'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/vualto-video-aggregator-web/rest/external/v2/tokens',
-            video_id, 'Downloading player token', headers={
+            f'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/vualto-video-aggregator-web/rest/external/{version}/tokens',
+            video_id, 'Downloading player token', 'Failed to download player token', headers={
                **self.geo_verification_headers(),
                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
            }, data=json.dumps({
-                'identityToken': id_token or {},
+                'identityToken': id_token or '',
                'playerInfo': jwt_encode_hs256(player_info, self._JWT_SIGNING_KEY, headers={
                    'kid': self._JWT_KEY_ID,
                }).decode(),
            }, separators=(',', ':')).encode())['vrtPlayerToken']

        return self._download_json(
-            f'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/media-aggregator/{version}/media-items/{video_id}',
-            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', query={
+            # The URL below redirects to https://media-services-public.vrt.be/media-aggregator/{version}/media-items/{video_id}
+            f'https://media-services-public.vrt.be/vualto-video-aggregator-web/rest/external/{version}/videos/{video_id}',
+            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', 'Failed to download API JSON', query={
                'vrtPlayerToken': player_token,
                'client': client,
            }, expected_status=400)
@@ -177,215 +180,286 @@ class VRTIE(VRTBaseIE):


 class VrtNUIE(VRTBaseIE):
-    IE_DESC = 'VRT MAX'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?vrt\.be/vrtnu/a-z/(?:[^/]+/){2}(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    IE_NAME = 'vrtmax'
+    IE_DESC = 'VRT MAX (formerly VRT NU)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?vrt\.be/(?:vrtnu|vrtmax)/a-z/(?:[^/]+/){2}(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
-        # CONTENT_IS_AGE_RESTRICTED
-        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/de-ideale-wereld/2023-vj/de-ideale-wereld-d20230116/',
+        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/a-z/ket---doc/trailer/ket---doc-trailer-s6/',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pbs-pub-855b00a8-6ce2-4032-ac4f-1fcf3ae78524$vid-d2243aa1-ec46-4e34-a55b-92568459906f',
+            'id': 'pbs-pub-c8a78645-5d3e-468a-89ec-6f3ed5534bd5$vid-242ddfe9-18f5-4e16-ab45-09b122a19251',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Tom Waes',
-            'description': 'Satirisch actualiteitenmagazine met Ella Leyers. Tom Waes is te gast.',
-            'timestamp': 1673905125,
-            'release_timestamp': 1673905125,
-            'series': 'De ideale wereld',
-            'season_id': '1672830988794',
-            'episode': 'Aflevering 1',
-            'episode_number': 1,
-            'episode_id': '1672830988861',
-            'display_id': 'de-ideale-wereld-d20230116',
-            'channel': 'VRT',
-            'duration': 1939.0,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2023/01/10/1bb39cb3-9115-11ed-b07d-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
-            'release_date': '20230116',
-            'upload_date': '20230116',
-            'age_limit': 12,
+            'channel': 'ketnet',
+            'description': 'Neem een kijkje in de bijzondere wereld van deze Ketnetters.',
+            'display_id': 'ket---doc-trailer-s6',
+            'duration': 30.0,
+            'episode': 'Reeks 6 volledig vanaf 3 maart',
+            'episode_id': '1739450401467',
+            'season': 'Trailer',
+            'season_id': '1739450401467',
+            'series': 'Ket & Doc',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2025/02/21/63f07122-5bbd-4ca1-b42e-8565c6cd95df.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1740373200,
+            'title': 'Reeks 6 volledig vanaf 3 maart',
+            'upload_date': '20250224',
+            '_old_archive_ids': [
+                'canvas pbs-pub-c8a78645-5d3e-468a-89ec-6f3ed5534bd5$vid-242ddfe9-18f5-4e16-ab45-09b122a19251',
+                'ketnet pbs-pub-c8a78645-5d3e-468a-89ec-6f3ed5534bd5$vid-242ddfe9-18f5-4e16-ab45-09b122a19251',
+            ],
        },
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/buurman--wat-doet-u-nu-/6/buurman--wat-doet-u-nu--s6-trailer/',
+        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/a-z/meisjes/6/meisjes-s6a5/',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pbs-pub-ad4050eb-d9e5-48c2-9ec8-b6c355032361$vid-0465537a-34a8-4617-8352-4d8d983b4eee',
+            'id': 'pbs-pub-97b541ab-e05c-43b9-9a40-445702ef7189$vid-5e306921-a9aa-4fa9-9f39-5b82c8f1028e',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Trailer seizoen 6 \'Buurman, wat doet u nu?\'',
-            'description': 'md5:197424726c61384b4e5c519f16c0cf02',
-            'timestamp': 1652940000,
-            'release_timestamp': 1652940000,
-            'series': 'Buurman, wat doet u nu?',
-            'season': 'Seizoen 6',
+            'channel': 'ketnet',
+            'description': 'md5:713793f15cbf677f66200b36b7b1ec5a',
+            'display_id': 'meisjes-s6a5',
+            'duration': 1336.02,
+            'episode': 'Week 5',
+            'episode_id': '1684157692901',
+            'episode_number': 5,
+            'season': '6',
+            'season_id': '1684157692901',
            'season_number': 6,
-            'season_id': '1652344200907',
-            'episode': 'Aflevering 0',
-            'episode_number': 0,
-            'episode_id': '1652951873524',
-            'display_id': 'buurman--wat-doet-u-nu--s6-trailer',
-            'channel': 'VRT',
-            'duration': 33.13,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2022/05/23/3c234d21-da83-11ec-b07d-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
-            'release_date': '20220519',
-            'upload_date': '20220519',
+            'series': 'Meisjes',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2023/05/14/bf526ae0-f1d9-11ed-91d7-02b7b76bf47f.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1685251800,
+            'title': 'Week 5',
+            'upload_date': '20230528',
+            '_old_archive_ids': [
+                'canvas pbs-pub-97b541ab-e05c-43b9-9a40-445702ef7189$vid-5e306921-a9aa-4fa9-9f39-5b82c8f1028e',
+                'ketnet pbs-pub-97b541ab-e05c-43b9-9a40-445702ef7189$vid-5e306921-a9aa-4fa9-9f39-5b82c8f1028e',
+            ],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/a-z/taboe/3/taboe-s3a4/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'pbs-pub-f50faa3a-1778-46b6-9117-4ba85f197703$vid-547507fe-1c8b-4394-b361-21e627cbd0fd',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'channel': 'een',
+            'description': 'md5:bf61345a95eca9393a95de4a7a54b5c6',
+            'display_id': 'taboe-s3a4',
+            'duration': 2882.02,
+            'episode': 'Mensen met het syndroom van Gilles de la Tourette',
+            'episode_id': '1739055911734',
+            'episode_number': 4,
+            'season': '3',
+            'season_id': '1739055911734',
+            'season_number': 3,
+            'series': 'Taboe',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://images.vrt.be/orig/2025/02/19/8198496c-d1ae-4bca-9a48-761cf3ea3ff2.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1740286800,
+            'title': 'Mensen met het syndroom van Gilles de la Tourette',
+            'upload_date': '20250223',
+            '_old_archive_ids': [
+                'canvas pbs-pub-f50faa3a-1778-46b6-9117-4ba85f197703$vid-547507fe-1c8b-4394-b361-21e627cbd0fd',
+                'ketnet pbs-pub-f50faa3a-1778-46b6-9117-4ba85f197703$vid-547507fe-1c8b-4394-b361-21e627cbd0fd',
+            ],
        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }]
    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'vrtnu'
-    _authenticated = False
+
+    _TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN = '.www.vrt.be'
+    _ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME = 'vrtnu-site_profile_at'
+    _REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME = 'vrtnu-site_profile_rt'
+    _VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME = 'vrtnu-site_profile_vt'
+    _VIDEO_PAGE_QUERY = '''
+    query VideoPage($pageId: ID!) {
+        page(id: $pageId) {
+            ... on EpisodePage {
+                episode {
+                    ageRaw
+                    description
+                    durationRaw
+                    episodeNumberRaw
+                    id
+                    name
+                    onTimeRaw
+                    program {
+                        title
+                    }
+                    season {
+                        id
+                        titleRaw
+                    }
+                    title
+                    brand
+                }
+                ldjson
+                player {
+                    image {
+                        templateUrl
+                    }
+                    modes {
+                        streamId
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    '''
+
+    def _fetch_tokens(self):
+        has_credentials = self._get_login_info()[0]
+        access_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        video_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+
+        if (access_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(access_token)
+                and video_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(video_token)):
+            return access_token, video_token
+
+        if has_credentials:
+            access_token, video_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', default=(None, None))
+
+            if (access_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(access_token)
+                    and video_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(video_token)):
+                self.write_debug('Restored tokens from cache')
+                self._set_cookie(self._TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN, self._ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME, access_token)
+                self._set_cookie(self._TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN, self._VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME, video_token)
+                return access_token, video_token
+
+        if not self._get_vrt_cookie(self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME):
+            return None, None
+
+        self._request_webpage(
+            'https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/sso/refresh', None,
+            note='Refreshing tokens', errnote='Failed to refresh tokens', fatal=False)
+
+        access_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        video_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+
+        if not access_token or not video_token:
+            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'refresh_token', None)
+            self.cookiejar.clear(self._TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN, '/vrtmax/sso', self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+            msg = 'Refreshing of tokens failed'
+            if not has_credentials:
+                self.report_warning(msg)
+                return None, None
+            self.report_warning(f'{msg}. Re-logging in')
+            return self._perform_login(*self._get_login_info())
+
+        if has_credentials:
+            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', (access_token, video_token))
+
+        return access_token, video_token
+
+    def _get_vrt_cookie(self, cookie_name):
+        # Refresh token cookie is scoped to /vrtmax/sso, others are scoped to /
+        return try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/sso')[cookie_name].value)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _is_jwt_token_expired(token):
+        return jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp'] - time.time() < 300

    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        auth_info = self._gigya_login({
-            'APIKey': '3_0Z2HujMtiWq_pkAjgnS2Md2E11a1AwZjYiBETtwNE-EoEHDINgtnvcAOpNgmrVGy',
-            'targetEnv': 'jssdk',
-            'loginID': username,
-            'password': password,
-            'authMode': 'cookie',
-        })
+        refresh_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        if refresh_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(refresh_token):
+            self.write_debug('Using refresh token from logged-in cookies; skipping login with credentials')
+            return

-        if auth_info.get('errorDetails'):
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Unable to login. VrtNU said: {auth_info["errorDetails"]}', expected=True)
+        refresh_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'refresh_token', default=None)
+        if refresh_token and not self._is_jwt_token_expired(refresh_token):
+            self.write_debug('Restored refresh token from cache')
+            self._set_cookie(self._TOKEN_COOKIE_DOMAIN, self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME, refresh_token, path='/vrtmax/sso')
+            return

-        # Sometimes authentication fails for no good reason, retry
-        for retry in self.RetryManager():
-            if retry.attempt > 1:
-                self._sleep(1, None)
-            try:
-                self._request_webpage(
-                    'https://token.vrt.be/vrtnuinitlogin', None, note='Requesting XSRF Token',
-                    errnote='Could not get XSRF Token', query={
-                        'provider': 'site',
-                        'destination': 'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu/',
-                    })
-                self._request_webpage(
-                    'https://login.vrt.be/perform_login', None,
-                    note='Performing login', errnote='Login failed',
-                    query={'client_id': 'vrtnu-site'}, data=urlencode_postdata({
-                        'UID': auth_info['UID'],
-                        'UIDSignature': auth_info['UIDSignature'],
-                        'signatureTimestamp': auth_info['signatureTimestamp'],
-                        '_csrf': self._get_cookies('https://login.vrt.be').get('OIDCXSRF').value,
-                    }))
-            except ExtractorError as e:
-                if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 401:
-                    retry.error = e
-                    continue
-                raise
+        self._request_webpage(
+            'https://www.vrt.be/vrtmax/sso/login', None,
+            note='Getting session cookies', errnote='Failed to get session cookies')

-        self._authenticated = True
+        login_data = self._download_json(
+            'https://login.vrt.be/perform_login', None, data=json.dumps({
+                'clientId': 'vrtnu-site',
+                'loginID': username,
+                'password': password,
+            }).encode(), headers={
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                'Oidcxsrf': self._get_cookies('https://login.vrt.be')['OIDCXSRF'].value,
+            }, note='Logging in', errnote='Login failed', expected_status=403)
+        if login_data.get('errorCode'):
+            raise ExtractorError(f'Login failed: {login_data.get("errorMessage")}', expected=True)
+
+        self._request_webpage(
+            login_data['redirectUrl'], None,
+            note='Getting access token', errnote='Failed to get access token')
+
+        access_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._ACCESS_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        video_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._VIDEO_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+        refresh_token = self._get_vrt_cookie(self._REFRESH_TOKEN_COOKIE_NAME)
+
+        if not all((access_token, video_token, refresh_token)):
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract token cookie values')
+
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'token_data', (access_token, video_token))
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'refresh_token', refresh_token)
+
+        return access_token, video_token

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-        parsed_url = urllib.parse.urlparse(url)
-        details = self._download_json(
-            f'{parsed_url.scheme}://{parsed_url.netloc}{parsed_url.path.rstrip("/")}.model.json',
-            display_id, 'Downloading asset JSON', 'Unable to download asset JSON')['details']
+        access_token, video_token = self._fetch_tokens()

-        watch_info = traverse_obj(details, (
-            'actions', lambda _, v: v['type'] == 'watch-episode', {dict}), get_all=False) or {}
-        video_id = join_nonempty(
-            'episodePublicationId', 'episodeVideoId', delim='$', from_dict=watch_info)
-        if '$' not in video_id:
-            raise ExtractorError('Unable to extract video ID')
+        metadata = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.vrt.be/vrtnu-api/graphql{"" if access_token else "/public"}/v1',
+            display_id, 'Downloading asset JSON', 'Unable to download asset JSON',
+            data=json.dumps({
+                'operationName': 'VideoPage',
+                'query': self._VIDEO_PAGE_QUERY,
+                'variables': {'pageId': urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path},
+            }).encode(),
+            headers=filter_dict({
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {access_token}' if access_token else None,
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+                'x-vrt-client-name': 'WEB',
+                'x-vrt-client-version': '1.5.9',
+                'x-vrt-zone': 'default',
+            }))['data']['page']

-        vrtnutoken = self._download_json(
-            'https://token.vrt.be/refreshtoken', video_id, note='Retrieving vrtnutoken',
-            errnote='Token refresh failed')['vrtnutoken'] if self._authenticated else None
+        video_id = metadata['player']['modes'][0]['streamId']

-        video_info = self._call_api(video_id, 'vrtnu-web@PROD', vrtnutoken)
+        try:
+            streaming_info = self._call_api(video_id, 'vrtnu-web@PROD', id_token=video_token)
+        except ExtractorError as e:
+            if not video_token and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 404:
+                self.raise_login_required()
+            raise

-        if 'title' not in video_info:
-            code = video_info.get('code')
-            if code in ('AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED', 'CONTENT_IS_AGE_RESTRICTED'):
-                self.raise_login_required(code, method='password')
-            elif code in ('INVALID_LOCATION', 'CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_IN_BE'):
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(streaming_info, video_id)
+
+        code = traverse_obj(streaming_info, ('code', {str}))
+        if not formats and code:
+            if code in ('CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_FOR_BE_RESIDENTS', 'CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_IN_BE', 'CONTENT_UNAVAILABLE_VIA_PROXY'):
                self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['BE'])
-            elif code == 'CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_FOR_BE_RESIDENTS_AND_EXPATS':
-                if not self._authenticated:
-                    self.raise_login_required(code, method='password')
-                self.raise_geo_restricted(countries=['BE'])
-            raise ExtractorError(code, expected=True)
-
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(video_info, video_id)
+            elif code in ('CONTENT_AVAILABLE_ONLY_FOR_BE_RESIDENTS_AND_EXPATS', 'CONTENT_IS_AGE_RESTRICTED', 'CONTENT_REQUIRES_AUTHENTICATION'):
+                self.raise_login_required()
+            else:
+                self.raise_no_formats(f'Unable to extract formats: {code}')

        return {
-            **traverse_obj(details, {
-                'title': 'title',
-                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
-                'timestamp': ('data', 'episode', 'onTime', 'raw', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'release_timestamp': ('data', 'episode', 'onTime', 'raw', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'series': ('data', 'program', 'title'),
-                'season': ('data', 'season', 'title', 'value'),
-                'season_number': ('data', 'season', 'title', 'raw', {int_or_none}),
-                'season_id': ('data', 'season', 'id', {str_or_none}),
-                'episode': ('data', 'episode', 'number', 'value', {str_or_none}),
-                'episode_number': ('data', 'episode', 'number', 'raw', {int_or_none}),
-                'episode_id': ('data', 'episode', 'id', {str_or_none}),
-                'age_limit': ('data', 'episode', 'age', 'raw', {parse_age_limit}),
-            }),
+            'duration': float_or_none(streaming_info.get('duration'), 1000),
+            'thumbnail': url_or_none(streaming_info.get('posterImageUrl')),
+            **self._json_ld(traverse_obj(metadata, ('ldjson', ..., {json.loads})), video_id, fatal=False),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, ('episode', {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('onTimeRaw', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'series': ('program', 'title', {str}),
+                'season': ('season', 'titleRaw', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('season', 'titleRaw', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'episode': ('title', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumberRaw', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_id': ('id', {str_or_none}),
+                'age_limit': ('ageRaw', {parse_age_limit}),
+                'channel': ('brand', {str}),
+                'duration': ('durationRaw', {parse_duration}),
+            })),
            'id': video_id,
            'display_id': display_id,
-            'channel': 'VRT',
-            'formats': formats,
-            'duration': float_or_none(video_info.get('duration'), 1000),
-            'thumbnail': url_or_none(video_info.get('posterImageUrl')),
-            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id)],
-        }
-
-
-class KetnetIE(VRTBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?ketnet\.be/(?P<id>(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://www.ketnet.be/kijken/m/meisjes/6/meisjes-s6a5',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'pbs-pub-39f8351c-a0a0-43e6-8394-205d597d6162$vid-5e306921-a9aa-4fa9-9f39-5b82c8f1028e',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Meisjes',
-            'episode': 'Reeks 6: Week 5',
-            'season': 'Reeks 6',
-            'series': 'Meisjes',
-            'timestamp': 1685251800,
-            'upload_date': '20230528',
-        },
-        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-    }]
-
-    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        display_id = self._match_id(url)
-
-        video = self._download_json(
-            'https://senior-bff.ketnet.be/graphql', display_id, query={
-                'query': '''{
-  video(id: "content/ketnet/nl/%s.model.json") {
-    description
-    episodeNr
-    imageUrl
-    mediaReference
-    programTitle
-    publicationDate
-    seasonTitle
-    subtitleVideodetail
-    titleVideodetail
-  }
-}''' % display_id,  # noqa: UP031
-            })['data']['video']
-
-        video_id = urllib.parse.unquote(video['mediaReference'])
-        data = self._call_api(video_id, 'ketnet@PROD', version='v1')
-        formats, subtitles = self._extract_formats_and_subtitles(data, video_id)
-
-        return {
-            'id': video_id,
            'formats': formats,
            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id)],
-            **traverse_obj(video, {
-                'title': ('titleVideodetail', {str}),
-                'description': ('description', {str}),
-                'thumbnail': ('thumbnail', {url_or_none}),
-                'timestamp': ('publicationDate', {parse_iso8601}),
-                'series': ('programTitle', {str}),
-                'season': ('seasonTitle', {str}),
-                'episode': ('subtitleVideodetail', {str}),
-                'episode_number': ('episodeNr', {int_or_none}),
-            }),
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('Canvas', video_id),
+                                 make_archive_id('Ketnet', video_id)],
        }


--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/weibo.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    str_or_none,
    strip_jsonp,
    traverse_obj,
+    truncate_string,
    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
@@ -96,7 +97,8 @@ class WeiboBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
                    })
        return formats

-    def _parse_video_info(self, video_info, video_id=None):
+    def _parse_video_info(self, video_info):
+        video_id = traverse_obj(video_info, (('id', 'id_str', 'mid'), {str_or_none}, any))
        return {
            'id': video_id,
            'extractor_key': WeiboIE.ie_key(),
@@ -105,9 +107,10 @@ class WeiboBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
            'http_headers': {'Referer': 'https://weibo.com/'},
            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('WeiboMobile', video_id)],
            **traverse_obj(video_info, {
-                'id': (('id', 'id_str', 'mid'), {str_or_none}),
                'display_id': ('mblogid', {str_or_none}),
-                'title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'), {str}, filter),
+                'title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'),
+                          {lambda x: x.replace('\n', ' ')}, {truncate_string(left=72)}, filter),
+                'alt_title': ('page_info', 'media_info', ('video_title', 'kol_title', 'name'), {str}, filter),
                'description': ('text_raw', {str}),
                'duration': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
                'timestamp': ('page_info', 'media_info', 'video_publish_time', {int_or_none}),
@@ -129,9 +132,11 @@ class WeiboIE(WeiboBaseIE):
        'url': 'https://weibo.com/7827771738/N4xlMvjhI',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '4910815147462302',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['weibomobile 4910815147462302'],
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': 'N4xlMvjhI',
            'title': '【睡前消息暑假版第一期：拉泰国一把  对中国有好处】',
+            'alt_title': '【睡前消息暑假版第一期：拉泰国一把  对中国有好处】',
            'description': 'md5:e2637a7673980d68694ea7c43cf12a5f',
            'duration': 918,
            'timestamp': 1686312819,
@@ -149,9 +154,11 @@ class WeiboIE(WeiboBaseIE):
        'url': 'https://m.weibo.cn/status/4189191225395228',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '4189191225395228',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['weibomobile 4189191225395228'],
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': 'FBqgOmDxO',
            'title': '柴犬柴犬的秒拍视频',
+            'alt_title': '柴犬柴犬的秒拍视频',
            'description': 'md5:80f461ab5cdae6bbdb70efbf5a1db24f',
            'duration': 53,
            'timestamp': 1514264429,
@@ -166,34 +173,35 @@ class WeiboIE(WeiboBaseIE):
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://m.weibo.cn/detail/4189191225395228',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '4189191225395228',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'display_id': 'FBqgOmDxO',
-            'title': '柴犬柴犬的秒拍视频',
-            'description': '午睡当然是要甜甜蜜蜜的啦！[坏笑]     Instagram：shibainu.gaku http://t.cn/RHbmjzW ',
-            'duration': 53,
-            'timestamp': 1514264429,
-            'upload_date': '20171226',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https://.*\.jpg',
-            'uploader': '柴犬柴犬',
-            'uploader_id': '5926682210',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://weibo.com/u/5926682210',
-            'view_count': int,
-            'like_count': int,
-            'repost_count': int,
-        },
+        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://weibo.com/0/4224132150961381',
        'note': 'no playback_list example',
        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://m.weibo.cn/detail/5120561132606436',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '5120561132606436',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 9,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)

-        return self._parse_video_info(self._weibo_download_json(
-            f'https://weibo.com/ajax/statuses/show?id={video_id}', video_id))
+        meta = self._weibo_download_json(f'https://weibo.com/ajax/statuses/show?id={video_id}', video_id)
+        mix_media_info = traverse_obj(meta, ('mix_media_info', 'items', ...))
+        if not mix_media_info:
+            return self._parse_video_info(meta)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(mix_media_info), video_id)
+
+    def _entries(self, mix_media_info):
+        for media_info in traverse_obj(mix_media_info, lambda _, v: v['type'] != 'pic'):
+            yield self._parse_video_info(traverse_obj(media_info, {
+                'id': ('data', 'object_id'),
+                'page_info': {'media_info': ('data', 'media_info', {dict})},
+            }))


 class WeiboVideoIE(WeiboBaseIE):
@@ -205,6 +213,7 @@ class WeiboVideoIE(WeiboBaseIE):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'display_id': 'LEZDodaiW',
            'title': '呃，稍微了解了一下靡烟miya，感觉这东西也太二了',
+            'alt_title': '呃，稍微了解了一下靡烟miya，感觉这东西也太二了',
            'description': '呃，稍微了解了一下靡烟miya，感觉这东西也太二了 http://t.cn/A6aerGsM \u200b\u200b\u200b',
            'duration': 76,
            'timestamp': 1659344278,
@@ -216,6 +225,7 @@ class WeiboVideoIE(WeiboBaseIE):
            'view_count': int,
            'like_count': int,
            'repost_count': int,
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['weibomobile 4797700463137878'],
        },
    }]

--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/wsj.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/wsj.py
@@ -100,8 +100,8 @@ class WSJIE(InfoExtractor):


 class WSJArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'(?i)https?://(?:www\.)?wsj\.com/articles/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
-    _TEST = {
+    _VALID_URL = r'(?i)https?://(?:www\.)?wsj\.com/(?:articles|opinion)/(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.wsj.com/articles/dont-like-china-no-pandas-for-you-1490366939?',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '4B13FA62-1D8C-45DB-8EA1-4105CB20B362',
@@ -110,11 +110,20 @@ class WSJArticleIE(InfoExtractor):
            'uploader_id': 'ralcaraz',
            'title': 'Bao Bao the Panda Leaves for China',
        },
-    }
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.wsj.com/opinion/hamas-hostages-caskets-bibas-family-israel-gaza-29da083b',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'CE68D629-8DB8-4CD3-B30A-92112C102054',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'upload_date': '20241007',
+            'uploader_id': 'Tinnes, David',
+            'title': 'WSJ Opinion: "Get the Jew": The Crown Heights Riot Revisited',
+        },
+    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        article_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, article_id)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, article_id, impersonate=True)
        video_id = self._search_regex(
            r'(?:id=["\']video|video-|iframe\.html\?guid=|data-src=["\'])([a-fA-F0-9-]{36})',
            webpage, 'video id')
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/init.py
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# flake8: noqa: F401
+from ._base import YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor
+from ._clip import YoutubeClipIE
+from ._mistakes import YoutubeTruncatedIDIE, YoutubeTruncatedURLIE
+from ._notifications import YoutubeNotificationsIE
+from ._redirect import (
+    YoutubeConsentRedirectIE,
+    YoutubeFavouritesIE,
+    YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor,
+    YoutubeHistoryIE,
+    YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE,
+    YoutubeRecommendedIE,
+    YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE,
+    YoutubeSubscriptionsIE,
+    YoutubeWatchLaterIE,
+    YoutubeYtBeIE,
+    YoutubeYtUserIE,
+)
+from ._search import YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE, YoutubeSearchDateIE, YoutubeSearchIE, YoutubeSearchURLIE
+from ._tab import YoutubePlaylistIE, YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, YoutubeTabIE
+from ._video import YoutubeIE
+
+# Hack to allow plugin overrides work
+for _cls in [
+    YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor,
+    YoutubeClipIE,
+    YoutubeTruncatedIDIE,
+    YoutubeTruncatedURLIE,
+    YoutubeNotificationsIE,
+    YoutubeConsentRedirectIE,
+    YoutubeFavouritesIE,
+    YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor,
+    YoutubeHistoryIE,
+    YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE,
+    YoutubeRecommendedIE,
+    YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE,
+    YoutubeSubscriptionsIE,
+    YoutubeWatchLaterIE,
+    YoutubeYtBeIE,
+    YoutubeYtUserIE,
+    YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE,
+    YoutubeSearchDateIE,
+    YoutubeSearchIE,
+    YoutubeSearchURLIE,
+    YoutubePlaylistIE,
+    YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor,
+    YoutubeTabIE,
+    YoutubeIE,
+]:
+    _cls.__module__ = 'yt_dlp.extractor.youtube'
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_clip.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_clip.py
@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+from ._tab import YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor
+from ._video import YoutubeIE
+from ...utils import ExtractorError, traverse_obj
+
+
+class YoutubeClipIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:clip'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/clip/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # FIXME: Other metadata should be extracted from the clip, not from the base video
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/clip/UgytZKpehg-hEMBSn3F4AaABCQ',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UgytZKpehg-hEMBSn3F4AaABCQ',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'section_start': 29.0,
+            'section_end': 39.7,
+            'duration': 10.7,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'categories': ['Gaming'],
+            'channel': 'Scott The Woz',
+            'channel_id': 'UC4rqhyiTs7XyuODcECvuiiQ',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC4rqhyiTs7XyuODcECvuiiQ',
+            'description': 'md5:7a4517a17ea9b4bd98996399d8bb36e7',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'tags': 'count:17',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi_webp/ScPX26pdQik/maxresdefault.webp',
+            'title': 'Mobile Games on Console - Scott The Woz',
+            'upload_date': '20210920',
+            'uploader': 'Scott The Woz',
+            'uploader_id': '@ScottTheWoz',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@ScottTheWoz',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'chapters': 'count:20',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        clip_id = self._match_id(url)
+        _, data = self._extract_webpage(url, clip_id)
+
+        video_id = traverse_obj(data, ('currentVideoEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'))
+        if not video_id:
+            raise ExtractorError('Unable to find video ID')
+
+        clip_data = traverse_obj(data, (
+            'engagementPanels', ..., 'engagementPanelSectionListRenderer', 'content', 'clipSectionRenderer',
+            'contents', ..., 'clipAttributionRenderer', 'onScrubExit', 'commandExecutorCommand', 'commands', ...,
+            'openPopupAction', 'popup', 'notificationActionRenderer', 'actionButton', 'buttonRenderer', 'command',
+            'commandExecutorCommand', 'commands', ..., 'loopCommand'), get_all=False)
+
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url_transparent',
+            'url': f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}',
+            'ie_key': YoutubeIE.ie_key(),
+            'id': clip_id,
+            'section_start': int(clip_data['startTimeMs']) / 1000,
+            'section_end': int(clip_data['endTimeMs']) / 1000,
+            '_format_sort_fields': (  # https protocol is prioritized for ffmpeg compatibility
+                'proto:https', 'quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source', 'vcodec', 'channels', 'acodec', 'lang'),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_mistakes.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_mistakes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+
+from ._base import YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor
+from ...utils import ExtractorError
+
+
+class YoutubeTruncatedURLIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_url'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'''(?x)
+        (?:https?://)?
+        (?:\w+\.)?[yY][oO][uU][tT][uU][bB][eE](?:-nocookie)?\.com/
+        (?:watch\?(?:
+            feature=[a-z_]+|
+            annotation_id=annotation_[^&]+|
+            x-yt-cl=[0-9]+|
+            hl=[^&]*|
+            t=[0-9]+
+        )?
+        |
+            attribution_link\?a=[^&]+
+        )
+        $
+    '''
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?annotation_id=annotation_3951667041',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?x-yt-cl=84503534',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?hl=en-GB',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?t=2372',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            'Did you forget to quote the URL? Remember that & is a meta '
+            'character in most shells, so you want to put the URL in quotes, '
+            'like  yt-dlp '
+            '"https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=foo&v=BaW_jenozKc" '
+            ' or simply  yt-dlp BaW_jenozKc  .',
+            expected=True)
+
+
+class YoutubeTruncatedIDIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:truncated_id'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/watch\?v=(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{1,10})$'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_708QY7Ob',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        raise ExtractorError(
+            f'Incomplete YouTube ID {video_id}. URL {url} looks truncated.',
+            expected=True)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_notifications.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_notifications.py
@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+import itertools
+import re
+
+from ._tab import YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, YoutubeTabIE
+from ._video import YoutubeIE
+from ...utils import traverse_obj
+
+
+class YoutubeNotificationsIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:notif'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube notifications; ":ytnotif" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ytnotif(?:ication)?s?'
+    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytnotif',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': ':ytnotifications',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _extract_notification_menu(self, response, continuation_list):
+        notification_list = traverse_obj(
+            response,
+            ('actions', 0, 'openPopupAction', 'popup', 'multiPageMenuRenderer', 'sections', 0, 'multiPageMenuNotificationSectionRenderer', 'items'),
+            ('actions', 0, 'appendContinuationItemsAction', 'continuationItems'),
+            expected_type=list) or []
+        continuation_list[0] = None
+        for item in notification_list:
+            entry = self._extract_notification_renderer(item.get('notificationRenderer'))
+            if entry:
+                yield entry
+            continuation = item.get('continuationItemRenderer')
+            if continuation:
+                continuation_list[0] = continuation
+
+    def _extract_notification_renderer(self, notification):
+        video_id = traverse_obj(
+            notification, ('navigationEndpoint', 'watchEndpoint', 'videoId'), expected_type=str)
+        url = f'https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={video_id}'
+        channel_id = None
+        if not video_id:
+            browse_ep = traverse_obj(
+                notification, ('navigationEndpoint', 'browseEndpoint'), expected_type=dict)
+            channel_id = self.ucid_or_none(traverse_obj(browse_ep, 'browseId', expected_type=str))
+            post_id = self._search_regex(
+                r'/post/(.+)', traverse_obj(browse_ep, 'canonicalBaseUrl', expected_type=str),
+                'post id', default=None)
+            if not channel_id or not post_id:
+                return
+            # The direct /post url redirects to this in the browser
+            url = f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}/community?lb={post_id}'
+
+        channel = traverse_obj(
+            notification, ('contextualMenu', 'menuRenderer', 'items', 1, 'menuServiceItemRenderer', 'text', 'runs', 1, 'text'),
+            expected_type=str)
+        notification_title = self._get_text(notification, 'shortMessage')
+        if notification_title:
+            notification_title = notification_title.replace('\xad', '')  # remove soft hyphens
+        # TODO: handle recommended videos
+        title = self._search_regex(
+            rf'{re.escape(channel or "")}[^:]+: (.+)', notification_title,
+            'video title', default=None)
+        timestamp = (self._parse_time_text(self._get_text(notification, 'sentTimeText'))
+                     if self._configuration_arg('approximate_date', ie_key=YoutubeTabIE)
+                     else None)
+        return {
+            '_type': 'url',
+            'url': url,
+            'ie_key': (YoutubeIE if video_id else YoutubeTabIE).ie_key(),
+            'video_id': video_id,
+            'title': title,
+            'channel_id': channel_id,
+            'channel': channel,
+            'uploader': channel,
+            'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(notification, 'videoThumbnail'),
+            'timestamp': timestamp,
+        }
+
+    def _notification_menu_entries(self, ytcfg):
+        continuation_list = [None]
+        response = None
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            ctoken = traverse_obj(
+                continuation_list, (0, 'continuationEndpoint', 'getNotificationMenuEndpoint', 'ctoken'), expected_type=str)
+            response = self._extract_response(
+                item_id=f'page {page}', query={'ctoken': ctoken} if ctoken else {}, ytcfg=ytcfg,
+                ep='notification/get_notification_menu', check_get_keys='actions',
+                headers=self.generate_api_headers(ytcfg=ytcfg, visitor_data=self._extract_visitor_data(response)))
+            yield from self._extract_notification_menu(response, continuation_list)
+            if not continuation_list[0]:
+                break
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        display_id = 'notifications'
+        ytcfg = self._download_ytcfg('web', display_id) if not self.skip_webpage else {}
+        self._report_playlist_authcheck(ytcfg)
+        return self.playlist_result(self._notification_menu_entries(ytcfg), display_id, display_id)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_redirect.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_redirect.py
@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+import base64
+import urllib.parse
+
+from ._base import YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor
+from ._tab import YoutubeTabIE
+from ...utils import ExtractorError, classproperty, parse_qs, update_url_query, url_or_none
+
+
+class YoutubeYtBeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'youtu.be'
+    _VALID_URL = rf'https?://youtu\.be/(?P<id>[0-9A-Za-z_-]{{11}})/*?.*?\blist=(?P<playlist_id>{YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor._PLAYLIST_ID_RE})'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://youtu.be/yeWKywCrFtk?list=PL2qgrgXsNUG5ig9cat4ohreBjYLAPC0J5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'yeWKywCrFtk',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Small Scale Baler and Braiding Rugs',
+            'uploader': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
+            'uploader_id': '@backuspagemuseum',
+            'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/@backuspagemuseum',
+            'upload_date': '20161008',
+            'description': 'md5:800c0c78d5eb128500bffd4f0b4f2e8a',
+            'categories': ['Nonprofits & Activism'],
+            'tags': list,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'thumbnail': r're:^https?://.*\.webp',
+            'channel': 'Backus-Page House Museum',
+            'channel_id': 'UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEfMCQ9bs3tjvjy1s451zaw',
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'duration': 59,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+        },
+        'params': {
+            'noplaylist': True,
+            'skip_download': True,
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://youtu.be/uWyaPkt-VOI?list=PL9D9FC436B881BA21',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
+        video_id = mobj.group('id')
+        playlist_id = mobj.group('playlist_id')
+        return self.url_result(
+            update_url_query('https://www.youtube.com/watch', {
+                'v': video_id,
+                'list': playlist_id,
+                'feature': 'youtu.be',
+            }), ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=playlist_id)
+
+
+class YoutubeLivestreamEmbedIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube livestream embeds'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:\w+\.)?youtube\.com/embed/live_stream/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?channel=(?P<id>[^&#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/embed/live_stream?channel=UC2_KI6RB__jGdlnK6dvFEZA',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/channel/{channel_id}/live',
+            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key(), video_id=channel_id)
+
+
+class YoutubeYtUserIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube user videos; "ytuser:" prefix'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:user'
+    _VALID_URL = r'ytuser:(?P<id>.+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'ytuser:phihag',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        user_id = self._match_id(url)
+        return self.url_result(f'https://www.youtube.com/user/{user_id}', YoutubeTabIE, user_id)
+
+
+class YoutubeFavouritesIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:favorites'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube liked videos; ":ytfav" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ytfav(?:ou?rite)?s?'
+    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytfav',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': ':ytfavorites',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self.url_result(
+            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=LL',
+            ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
+
+
+class YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    """
+    Base class for feed extractors
+    Subclasses must re-define the _FEED_NAME property.
+    """
+    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = True
+    _FEED_NAME = 'feeds'
+
+    @classproperty
+    def IE_NAME(cls):
+        return f'youtube:{cls._FEED_NAME}'
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/feed/{self._FEED_NAME}', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
+
+
+class YoutubeWatchLaterIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:watchlater'
+    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch later list; ":ytwatchlater" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ytwatchlater'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytwatchlater',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        return self.url_result(
+            'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=WL', ie=YoutubeTabIE.ie_key())
+
+
+class YoutubeRecommendedIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube recommended videos; ":ytrec" keyword'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/?(?:[?#]|$)|:ytrec(?:ommended)?'
+    _FEED_NAME = 'recommended'
+    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytrec',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': ':ytrecommended',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://youtube.com',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeSubscriptionsIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube subscriptions feed; ":ytsubs" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ytsub(?:scription)?s?'
+    _FEED_NAME = 'subscriptions'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ytsubs',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': ':ytsubscriptions',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeHistoryIE(YoutubeFeedsInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'Youtube watch history; ":ythis" keyword (requires cookies)'
+    _VALID_URL = r':ythis(?:tory)?'
+    _FEED_NAME = 'history'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': ':ythistory',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeShortsAudioPivotIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube Shorts audio pivot (Shorts using audio of a given video)'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:shorts:pivot:audio'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/source/(?P<id>[\w-]{11})/shorts'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/source/Lyj-MZSAA9o/shorts',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _generate_audio_pivot_params(video_id):
+        """
+        Generates sfv_audio_pivot browse params for this video id
+        """
+        pb_params = b'\xf2\x05+\n)\x12\'\n\x0b%b\x12\x0b%b\x1a\x0b%b' % ((video_id.encode(),) * 3)
+        return urllib.parse.quote(base64.b64encode(pb_params).decode())
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        return self.url_result(
+            f'https://www.youtube.com/feed/sfv_audio_pivot?bp={self._generate_audio_pivot_params(video_id)}',
+            ie=YoutubeTabIE)
+
+
+class YoutubeConsentRedirectIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:consent'
+    IE_DESC = False  # Do not list
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://consent\.youtube\.com/m\?'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://consent.youtube.com/m?continue=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Flive%2FqVv6vCqciTM%3Fcbrd%3D1&gl=NL&m=0&pc=yt&hl=en&src=1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'qVv6vCqciTM',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'age_limit': 0,
+            'uploader_id': '@sana_natori',
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'chapters': 'count:13',
+            'upload_date': '20221223',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qVv6vCqciTM/maxresdefault.jpg',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sana_natori',
+            'like_count': int,
+            'release_date': '20221223',
+            'tags': ['Vtuber', '月ノ美兎', '名取さな', 'にじさんじ', 'クリスマス', '3D配信'],
+            'title': '【 #インターネット女クリスマス 】3Dで歌ってはしゃぐインターネットの女たち【月ノ美兎/名取さな】',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'playable_in_embed': True,
+            'duration': 4438,
+            'availability': 'public',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'channel_id': 'UCIdEIHpS0TdkqRkHL5OkLtA',
+            'categories': ['Entertainment'],
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'release_timestamp': 1671793345,
+            'channel': 'さなちゃんねる',
+            'description': 'md5:6aebf95cc4a1d731aebc01ad6cc9806d',
+            'uploader': 'さなちゃんねる',
+            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'heatmap': 'count:100',
+        },
+        'add_ie': ['Youtube'],
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'Youtube'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        redirect_url = url_or_none(parse_qs(url).get('continue', [None])[-1])
+        if not redirect_url:
+            raise ExtractorError('Invalid cookie consent redirect URL', expected=True)
+        return self.url_result(redirect_url)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_search.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_search.py
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
+from ._tab import YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor
+from ..common import SearchInfoExtractor
+from ...utils import join_nonempty, parse_qs
+
+
+class YoutubeSearchIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:search'
+    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearch'
+    _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'EgIQAfABAQ=='  # Videos only
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'ytsearch5:youtube-dl test video',
+        'playlist_count': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
+            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'note': 'Suicide/self-harm search warning',
+        'url': 'ytsearch1:i hate myself and i wanna die',
+        'playlist_count': 1,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'i hate myself and i wanna die',
+            'title': 'i hate myself and i wanna die',
+        },
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeSearchDateIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor, SearchInfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + ':date'
+    _SEARCH_KEY = 'ytsearchdate'
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search, newest videos first'
+    _SEARCH_PARAMS = 'CAISAhAB8AEB'  # Videos only, sorted by date
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'ytsearchdate5:youtube-dl test video',
+        'playlist_count': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
+            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
+        },
+    }]
+
+
+class YoutubeSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube search URLs with sorting and filter support'
+    IE_NAME = YoutubeSearchIE.IE_NAME + '_url'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?youtube\.com/(?:results|search)\?([^#]+&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?baz=bar&search_query=youtube-dl+test+video&filters=video&lclk=video',
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'youtube-dl test video',
+            'title': 'youtube-dl test video',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=python&sp=EgIQAg%253D%253D',
+        'playlist_mincount': 5,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'python',
+            'title': 'python',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=%23cats',
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '#cats',
+            'title': '#cats',
+            # The test suite does not have support for nested playlists
+            # 'entries': [{
+            #     'url': r're:https://(www\.)?youtube\.com/hashtag/cats',
+            #     'title': '#cats',
+            # }],
+        },
+    }, {
+        # Channel results
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kurzgesagt&sp=EgIQAg%253D%253D',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'kurzgesagt',
+            'title': 'kurzgesagt',
+        },
+        'playlist': [{
+            'info_dict': {
+                '_type': 'url',
+                'id': 'UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
+                'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
+                'ie_key': 'YoutubeTab',
+                'channel': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
+                'description': 'md5:4ae48dfa9505ffc307dad26342d06bfc',
+                'title': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
+                'channel_id': 'UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
+                # No longer available for search as it is set to the handle.
+                # 'playlist_count': int,
+                'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCsXVk37bltHxD1rDPwtNM8Q',
+                'thumbnails': list,
+                'uploader_id': '@kurzgesagt',
+                'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@kurzgesagt',
+                'uploader': 'Kurzgesagt – In a Nutshell',
+                'channel_is_verified': True,
+                'channel_follower_count': int,
+            },
+        }],
+        'params': {'extract_flat': True, 'playlist_items': '1'},
+        'playlist_mincount': 1,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/results?q=test&sp=EgQIBBgB',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
+        return self.playlist_result(self._search_results(query, qs.get('sp', (None,))[0]), query, query)
+
+
+class YoutubeMusicSearchURLIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
+    IE_DESC = 'YouTube music search URLs with selectable sections, e.g. #songs'
+    IE_NAME = 'youtube:music:search_url'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://music\.youtube\.com/search\?([^#]+&)?(?:search_query|q)=(?:[^&]+)(?:[&#]|$)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music',
+        'playlist_count': 16,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'royalty free music',
+            'title': 'royalty free music',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music&sp=EgWKAQIIAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ%3D%3D',
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'royalty free music - songs',
+            'title': 'royalty free music - songs',
+        },
+        'params': {'extract_flat': 'in_playlist'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/search?q=royalty+free+music#community+playlists',
+        'playlist_mincount': 30,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'royalty free music - community playlists',
+            'title': 'royalty free music - community playlists',
+        },
+        'params': {'extract_flat': 'in_playlist'},
+    }]
+
+    _SECTIONS = {
+        'albums': 'EgWKAQIYAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
+        'artists': 'EgWKAQIgAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
+        'community playlists': 'EgeKAQQoAEABagoQChADEAQQCRAF',
+        'featured playlists': 'EgeKAQQoADgBagwQAxAJEAQQDhAKEAU==',
+        'songs': 'EgWKAQIIAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
+        'videos': 'EgWKAQIQAWoKEAoQAxAEEAkQBQ==',
+    }
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        qs = parse_qs(url)
+        query = (qs.get('search_query') or qs.get('q'))[0]
+        params = qs.get('sp', (None,))[0]
+        if params:
+            section = next((k for k, v in self._SECTIONS.items() if v == params), params)
+        else:
+            section = urllib.parse.unquote_plus(([*url.split('#'), ''])[1]).lower()
+            params = self._SECTIONS.get(section)
+            if not params:
+                section = None
+        title = join_nonempty(query, section, delim=' - ')
+        return self.playlist_result(self._search_results(query, params, default_client='web_music'), title, title)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_tab.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_tab.py
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
--- a/yt_dlp/globals.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/globals.py
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from collections import defaultdict
+
+# Please Note: Due to necessary changes and the complex nature involved in the plugin/globals system,
+# no backwards compatibility is guaranteed for the plugin system API.
+# However, we will still try our best.
+
+
+class Indirect:
+    def __init__(self, initial, /):
+        self.value = initial
+
+    def __repr__(self, /):
+        return f'{type(self).__name__}({self.value!r})'
+
+
+postprocessors = Indirect({})
+extractors = Indirect({})
+
+# Plugins
+all_plugins_loaded = Indirect(False)
+plugin_specs = Indirect({})
+plugin_dirs = Indirect(['default'])
+
+plugin_ies = Indirect({})
+plugin_pps = Indirect({})
+plugin_ies_overrides = Indirect(defaultdict(list))
+
+# Misc
+IN_CLI = Indirect(False)
+LAZY_EXTRACTORS = Indirect(None)  # `False`=force, `None`=disabled, `True`=enabled
--- a/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/jsinterp.py
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ class JSInterpreter:
        OP_CHARS = '+-*/%&|^=<>!,;{}:['
        if not expr:
            return
-        counters = {k: 0 for k in _MATCHING_PARENS.values()}
+        counters = dict.fromkeys(_MATCHING_PARENS.values(), 0)
        start, splits, pos, delim_len = 0, 0, 0, len(delim) - 1
        in_quote, escaping, after_op, in_regex_char_group = None, False, True, False
        for idx, char in enumerate(expr):
@@ -890,9 +890,9 @@ class JSInterpreter:
        code, _ = self._separate_at_paren(func_m.group('code'))
        return [x.strip() for x in func_m.group('args').split(',')], code

-    def extract_function(self, funcname):
+    def extract_function(self, funcname, *global_stack):
        return function_with_repr(
-            self.extract_function_from_code(*self.extract_function_code(funcname)),
+            self.extract_function_from_code(*self.extract_function_code(funcname), *global_stack),
            f'F<{funcname}>')

    def extract_function_from_code(self, argnames, code, *global_stack):
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_requests.py
@@ -21,9 +21,11 @@ if urllib3 is None:
 urllib3_version = tuple(int_or_none(x, default=0) for x in urllib3.__version__.split('.'))

 if urllib3_version < (1, 26, 17):
+    urllib3._yt_dlp__version = f'{urllib3.__version__} (unsupported)'
    raise ImportError('Only urllib3 >= 1.26.17 is supported')

 if requests.__build__ < 0x023202:
+    requests._yt_dlp__version = f'{requests.__version__} (unsupported)'
    raise ImportError('Only requests >= 2.32.2 is supported')

 import requests.adapters
@@ -296,6 +298,7 @@ class RequestsRH(RequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
        extensions.pop('cookiejar', None)
        extensions.pop('timeout', None)
        extensions.pop('legacy_ssl', None)
+        extensions.pop('keep_header_casing', None)

    def _create_instance(self, cookiejar, legacy_ssl_support=None):
        session = RequestsSession()
@@ -312,11 +315,12 @@ class RequestsRH(RequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
        session.trust_env = False  # no need, we already load proxies from env
        return session

-    def _send(self, request):
-
-        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+    def _prepare_headers(self, _, headers):
        add_accept_encoding_header(headers, SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS)

+    def _send(self, request):
+
+        headers = self._get_headers(request)
        max_redirects_exceeded = False

        session = self._get_instance(
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_urllib.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_urllib.py
@@ -379,13 +379,15 @@ class UrllibRH(RequestHandler, InstanceStoreMixin):
        opener.addheaders = []
        return opener

-    def _send(self, request):
-        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+    def _prepare_headers(self, _, headers):
        add_accept_encoding_header(headers, SUPPORTED_ENCODINGS)
+
+    def _send(self, request):
+        headers = self._get_headers(request)
        urllib_req = urllib.request.Request(
            url=request.url,
            data=request.data,
-            headers=dict(headers),
+            headers=headers,
            method=request.method,
        )

--- a/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/_websockets.py
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ import websockets.version

 websockets_version = tuple(map(int_or_none, websockets.version.version.split('.')))
 if websockets_version < (13, 0):
+    websockets._yt_dlp__version = f'{websockets.version.version} (unsupported)'
    raise ImportError('Only websockets>=13.0 is supported')

 import websockets.sync.client
@@ -116,6 +117,7 @@ class WebsocketsRH(WebSocketRequestHandler):
        extensions.pop('timeout', None)
        extensions.pop('cookiejar', None)
        extensions.pop('legacy_ssl', None)
+        extensions.pop('keep_header_casing', None)

    def close(self):
        # Remove the logging handler that contains a reference to our logger
@@ -123,15 +125,16 @@ class WebsocketsRH(WebSocketRequestHandler):
        for name, handler in self.__logging_handlers.items():
            logging.getLogger(name).removeHandler(handler)

-    def _send(self, request):
-        timeout = self._calculate_timeout(request)
-        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+    def _prepare_headers(self, request, headers):
        if 'cookie' not in headers:
            cookiejar = self._get_cookiejar(request)
            cookie_header = cookiejar.get_cookie_header(request.url)
            if cookie_header:
                headers['cookie'] = cookie_header

+    def _send(self, request):
+        timeout = self._calculate_timeout(request)
+        headers = self._get_headers(request)
        wsuri = parse_uri(request.url)
        create_conn_kwargs = {
            'source_address': (self.source_address, 0) if self.source_address else None,
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ class RequestHandler(abc.ABC):
    - `cookiejar`: Cookiejar to use for this request.
    - `timeout`: socket timeout to use for this request.
    - `legacy_ssl`: Enable legacy SSL options for this request. See legacy_ssl_support.
+    - `keep_header_casing`: Keep the casing of headers when sending the request.
    To enable these, add extensions.pop('<extension>', None) to _check_extensions

    Apart from the url protocol, proxies dict may contain the following keys:
@@ -259,6 +260,23 @@ class RequestHandler(abc.ABC):
    def _merge_headers(self, request_headers):
        return HTTPHeaderDict(self.headers, request_headers)

+    def _prepare_headers(self, request: Request, headers: HTTPHeaderDict) -> None:  # noqa: B027
+        """Additional operations to prepare headers before building. To be extended by subclasses.
+        @param request: Request object
+        @param headers: Merged headers to prepare
+        """
+
+    def _get_headers(self, request: Request) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get headers for external use.
+        Subclasses may define a _prepare_headers method to modify headers after merge but before building.
+        """
+        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
+        self._prepare_headers(request, headers)
+        if request.extensions.get('keep_header_casing'):
+            return headers.sensitive()
+        return dict(headers)
+
    def _calculate_timeout(self, request):
        return float(request.extensions.get('timeout') or self.timeout)

@@ -317,6 +335,7 @@ class RequestHandler(abc.ABC):
        assert isinstance(extensions.get('cookiejar'), (YoutubeDLCookieJar, NoneType))
        assert isinstance(extensions.get('timeout'), (float, int, NoneType))
        assert isinstance(extensions.get('legacy_ssl'), (bool, NoneType))
+        assert isinstance(extensions.get('keep_header_casing'), (bool, NoneType))

    def _validate(self, request):
        self._check_url_scheme(request)
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/impersonate.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/impersonate.py
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ from abc import ABC
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any

-from .common import RequestHandler, register_preference
+from .common import RequestHandler, register_preference, Request
 from .exceptions import UnsupportedRequest
 from ..compat.types import NoneType
 from ..utils import classproperty, join_nonempty
-from ..utils.networking import std_headers
+from ..utils.networking import std_headers, HTTPHeaderDict


@dataclass(order=True, frozen=True)
@@ -123,7 +123,17 @@ class ImpersonateRequestHandler(RequestHandler, ABC):
        """Get the requested target for the request"""
        return self._resolve_target(request.extensions.get('impersonate') or self.impersonate)

-    def _get_impersonate_headers(self, request):
+    def _prepare_impersonate_headers(self, request: Request, headers: HTTPHeaderDict) -> None:  # noqa: B027
+        """Additional operations to prepare headers before building. To be extended by subclasses.
+        @param request: Request object
+        @param headers: Merged headers to prepare
+        """
+
+    def _get_impersonate_headers(self, request: Request) -> dict[str, str]:
+        """
+        Get headers for external impersonation use.
+        Subclasses may define a _prepare_impersonate_headers method to modify headers after merge but before building.
+        """
        headers = self._merge_headers(request.headers)
        if self._get_request_target(request) is not None:
            # remove all headers present in std_headers
@@ -131,7 +141,11 @@ class ImpersonateRequestHandler(RequestHandler, ABC):
            for k, v in std_headers.items():
                if headers.get(k) == v:
                    headers.pop(k)
-        return headers
+
+        self._prepare_impersonate_headers(request, headers)
+        if request.extensions.get('keep_header_casing'):
+            return headers.sensitive()
+        return dict(headers)


@register_preference(ImpersonateRequestHandler)
--- a/yt_dlp/options.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/options.py
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ def create_parser():
            '(Alias: --no-config)'))
    general.add_option(
        '--no-config-locations',
-        action='store_const', dest='config_locations', const=[],
+        action='store_const', dest='config_locations', const=None,
        help=(
            'Do not load any custom configuration files (default). When given inside a '
            'configuration file, ignore all previous --config-locations defined in the current file'))
@@ -410,12 +410,21 @@ def create_parser():
            '("-" for stdin). Can be used multiple times and inside other configuration files'))
    general.add_option(
        '--plugin-dirs',
-        dest='plugin_dirs', metavar='PATH', action='append',
+        metavar='PATH',
+        dest='plugin_dirs',
+        action='callback',
+        callback=_list_from_options_callback,
+        type='str',
+        callback_kwargs={'delim': None},
+        default=['default'],
        help=(
            'Path to an additional directory to search for plugins. '
            'This option can be used multiple times to add multiple directories. '
-            'Note that this currently only works for extractor plugins; '
-            'postprocessor plugins can only be loaded from the default plugin directories'))
+            'Use "default" to search the default plugin directories (default)'))
+    general.add_option(
+        '--no-plugin-dirs',
+        dest='plugin_dirs', action='store_const', const=[],
+        help='Clear plugin directories to search, including defaults and those provided by previous --plugin-dirs')
    general.add_option(
        '--flat-playlist',
        action='store_const', dest='extract_flat', const='in_playlist', default=False,
--- a/yt_dlp/plugins.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/plugins.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import contextlib
+import dataclasses
 import functools
 import importlib
 import importlib.abc
@@ -14,17 +15,48 @@ import zipimport
 from pathlib import Path
 from zipfile import ZipFile

+from .globals import (
+    Indirect,
+    plugin_dirs,
+    all_plugins_loaded,
+    plugin_specs,
+)
+
 from .utils import (
-    Config,
    get_executable_path,
    get_system_config_dirs,
    get_user_config_dirs,
+    merge_dicts,
    orderedSet,
    write_string,
 )

 PACKAGE_NAME = 'yt_dlp_plugins'
 COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME = 'ytdlp_plugins'
+_BASE_PACKAGE_PATH = Path(__file__).parent
+
+
+# Please Note: Due to necessary changes and the complex nature involved,
+# no backwards compatibility is guaranteed for the plugin system API.
+# However, we will still try our best.
+
+__all__ = [
+    'COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME',
+    'PACKAGE_NAME',
+    'PluginSpec',
+    'directories',
+    'load_all_plugins',
+    'load_plugins',
+    'register_plugin_spec',
+]
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class PluginSpec:
+    module_name: str
+    suffix: str
+    destination: Indirect
+    plugin_destination: Indirect


 class PluginLoader(importlib.abc.Loader):
@@ -44,7 +76,42 @@ def dirs_in_zip(archive):
        pass
    except Exception as e:
        write_string(f'WARNING: Could not read zip file {archive}: {e}\n')
-    return set()
+    return ()
+
+
+def default_plugin_paths():
+    def _get_package_paths(*root_paths, containing_folder):
+        for config_dir in orderedSet(map(Path, root_paths), lazy=True):
+            # We need to filter the base path added when running __main__.py directly
+            if config_dir == _BASE_PACKAGE_PATH:
+                continue
+            with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
+                yield from (config_dir / containing_folder).iterdir()
+
+    # Load from yt-dlp config folders
+    yield from _get_package_paths(
+        *get_user_config_dirs('yt-dlp'),
+        *get_system_config_dirs('yt-dlp'),
+        containing_folder='plugins',
+    )
+
+    # Load from yt-dlp-plugins folders
+    yield from _get_package_paths(
+        get_executable_path(),
+        *get_user_config_dirs(''),
+        *get_system_config_dirs(''),
+        containing_folder='yt-dlp-plugins',
+    )
+
+    # Load from PYTHONPATH directories
+    yield from (path for path in map(Path, sys.path) if path != _BASE_PACKAGE_PATH)
+
+
+def candidate_plugin_paths(candidate):
+    candidate_path = Path(candidate)
+    if not candidate_path.is_dir():
+        raise ValueError(f'Invalid plugin directory: {candidate_path}')
+    yield from candidate_path.iterdir()


 class PluginFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):
@@ -56,40 +123,16 @@ class PluginFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):

    def __init__(self, *packages):
        self._zip_content_cache = {}
-        self.packages = set(itertools.chain.from_iterable(
-            itertools.accumulate(name.split('.'), lambda a, b: '.'.join((a, b)))
-            for name in packages))
+        self.packages = set(
+            itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+                itertools.accumulate(name.split('.'), lambda a, b: '.'.join((a, b)))
+                for name in packages))

    def search_locations(self, fullname):
-        candidate_locations = []
-
-        def _get_package_paths(*root_paths, containing_folder='plugins'):
-            for config_dir in orderedSet(map(Path, root_paths), lazy=True):
-                with contextlib.suppress(OSError):
-                    yield from (config_dir / containing_folder).iterdir()
-
-        # Load from yt-dlp config folders
-        candidate_locations.extend(_get_package_paths(
-            *get_user_config_dirs('yt-dlp'),
-            *get_system_config_dirs('yt-dlp'),
-            containing_folder='plugins'))
-
-        # Load from yt-dlp-plugins folders
-        candidate_locations.extend(_get_package_paths(
-            get_executable_path(),
-            *get_user_config_dirs(''),
-            *get_system_config_dirs(''),
-            containing_folder='yt-dlp-plugins'))
-
-        candidate_locations.extend(map(Path, sys.path))  # PYTHONPATH
-        with contextlib.suppress(ValueError):  # Added when running __main__.py directly
-            candidate_locations.remove(Path(__file__).parent)
-
-        # TODO(coletdjnz): remove when plugin globals system is implemented
-        if Config._plugin_dirs:
-            candidate_locations.extend(_get_package_paths(
-                *Config._plugin_dirs,
-                containing_folder=''))
+        candidate_locations = itertools.chain.from_iterable(
+            default_plugin_paths() if candidate == 'default' else candidate_plugin_paths(candidate)
+            for candidate in plugin_dirs.value
+        )

        parts = Path(*fullname.split('.'))
        for path in orderedSet(candidate_locations, lazy=True):
@@ -109,7 +152,8 @@ class PluginFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):

        search_locations = list(map(str, self.search_locations(fullname)))
        if not search_locations:
-            return None
+            # Prevent using built-in meta finders for searching plugins.
+            raise ModuleNotFoundError(fullname)

        spec = importlib.machinery.ModuleSpec(fullname, PluginLoader(), is_package=True)
        spec.submodule_search_locations = search_locations
@@ -123,8 +167,10 @@ class PluginFinder(importlib.abc.MetaPathFinder):


 def directories():
-    spec = importlib.util.find_spec(PACKAGE_NAME)
-    return spec.submodule_search_locations if spec else []
+    with contextlib.suppress(ModuleNotFoundError):
+        if spec := importlib.util.find_spec(PACKAGE_NAME):
+            return list(spec.submodule_search_locations)
+    return []


 def iter_modules(subpackage):
@@ -134,19 +180,23 @@ def iter_modules(subpackage):
        yield from pkgutil.iter_modules(path=pkg.__path__, prefix=f'{fullname}.')


-def load_module(module, module_name, suffix):
+def get_regular_classes(module, module_name, suffix):
+    # Find standard public plugin classes (not overrides)
    return inspect.getmembers(module, lambda obj: (
        inspect.isclass(obj)
        and obj.__name__.endswith(suffix)
        and obj.__module__.startswith(module_name)
        and not obj.__name__.startswith('_')
-        and obj.__name__ in getattr(module, '__all__', [obj.__name__])))
+        and obj.__name__ in getattr(module, '__all__', [obj.__name__])
+        and getattr(obj, 'PLUGIN_NAME', None) is None
+    ))


-def load_plugins(name, suffix):
-    classes = {}
-    if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS'):
-        return classes
+def load_plugins(plugin_spec: PluginSpec):
+    name, suffix = plugin_spec.module_name, plugin_spec.suffix
+    regular_classes = {}
+    if os.environ.get('YTDLP_NO_PLUGINS') or not plugin_dirs.value:
+        return regular_classes

    for finder, module_name, _ in iter_modules(name):
        if any(x.startswith('_') for x in module_name.split('.')):
@@ -163,24 +213,42 @@ def load_plugins(name, suffix):
                sys.modules[module_name] = module
                spec.loader.exec_module(module)
        except Exception:
-            write_string(f'Error while importing module {module_name!r}\n{traceback.format_exc(limit=-1)}')
+            write_string(
+                f'Error while importing module {module_name!r}\n{traceback.format_exc(limit=-1)}',
+            )
            continue
-        classes.update(load_module(module, module_name, suffix))
+        regular_classes.update(get_regular_classes(module, module_name, suffix))

    # Compat: old plugin system using __init__.py
    # Note: plugins imported this way do not show up in directories()
    # nor are considered part of the yt_dlp_plugins namespace package
-    with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
-        spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
-            name, Path(get_executable_path(), COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME, name, '__init__.py'))
-        plugins = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
-        sys.modules[spec.name] = plugins
-        spec.loader.exec_module(plugins)
-        classes.update(load_module(plugins, spec.name, suffix))
+    if 'default' in plugin_dirs.value:
+        with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
+            spec = importlib.util.spec_from_file_location(
+                name,
+                Path(get_executable_path(), COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME, name, '__init__.py'),
+            )
+            plugins = importlib.util.module_from_spec(spec)
+            sys.modules[spec.name] = plugins
+            spec.loader.exec_module(plugins)
+            regular_classes.update(get_regular_classes(plugins, spec.name, suffix))

-    return classes
+    # Add the classes into the global plugin lookup for that type
+    plugin_spec.plugin_destination.value = regular_classes
+    # We want to prepend to the main lookup for that type
+    plugin_spec.destination.value = merge_dicts(regular_classes, plugin_spec.destination.value)
+
+    return regular_classes


-sys.meta_path.insert(0, PluginFinder(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.extractor', f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor'))
+def load_all_plugins():
+    for plugin_spec in plugin_specs.value.values():
+        load_plugins(plugin_spec)
+    all_plugins_loaded.value = True

-__all__ = ['COMPAT_PACKAGE_NAME', 'PACKAGE_NAME', 'directories', 'load_plugins']
+
+def register_plugin_spec(plugin_spec: PluginSpec):
+    # If the plugin spec for a module is already registered, it will not be added again
+    if plugin_spec.module_name not in plugin_specs.value:
+        plugin_specs.value[plugin_spec.module_name] = plugin_spec
+        sys.meta_path.insert(0, PluginFinder(f'{PACKAGE_NAME}.{plugin_spec.module_name}'))
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/init.py
@@ -33,15 +33,38 @@ from .movefilesafterdownload import MoveFilesAfterDownloadPP
 from .sponskrub import SponSkrubPP
 from .sponsorblock import SponsorBlockPP
 from .xattrpp import XAttrMetadataPP
-from ..plugins import load_plugins
+from ..globals import plugin_pps, postprocessors
+from ..plugins import PACKAGE_NAME, register_plugin_spec, PluginSpec
+from ..utils import deprecation_warning

-_PLUGIN_CLASSES = load_plugins('postprocessor', 'PP')
+
+def __getattr__(name):
+    lookup = plugin_pps.value
+    if name in lookup:
+        deprecation_warning(
+            f'Importing a plugin Post-Processor from {__name__} is deprecated. '
+            f'Please import {PACKAGE_NAME}.postprocessor.{name} instead.')
+        return lookup[name]
+
+    raise AttributeError(f'module {__name__!r} has no attribute {name!r}')


 def get_postprocessor(key):
-    return globals()[key + 'PP']
+    return postprocessors.value[key + 'PP']


-globals().update(_PLUGIN_CLASSES)
-__all__ = [name for name in globals() if name.endswith('PP')]
-__all__.extend(('FFmpegPostProcessor', 'PostProcessor'))
+register_plugin_spec(PluginSpec(
+    module_name='postprocessor',
+    suffix='PP',
+    destination=postprocessors,
+    plugin_destination=plugin_pps,
+))
+
+_default_pps = {
+    name: value
+    for name, value in globals().items()
+    if name.endswith('PP') or name in ('FFmpegPostProcessor', 'PostProcessor')
+}
+postprocessors.value.update(_default_pps)
+
+__all__ = list(_default_pps.values())
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/common.py
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    _configuration_args,
    deprecation_warning,
 )
+from ..utils._utils import _ProgressState


 class PostProcessorMetaClass(type):
@@ -189,7 +190,7 @@ class PostProcessor(metaclass=PostProcessorMetaClass):

        self._downloader.to_console_title(self._downloader.evaluate_outtmpl(
            progress_template.get('postprocess-title') or 'yt-dlp %(progress._default_template)s',
-            progress_dict))
+            progress_dict), _ProgressState.from_dict(s), s.get('_percent'))

    def _retry_download(self, err, count, retries):
        # While this is not an extractor, it behaves similar to one and
--- a/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/postprocessor/ffmpeg.py
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ class FFmpegPostProcessor(PostProcessor):

    @property
    def available(self):
-        return self.basename is not None
+        return bool(self._ffmpeg_location.get()) or self.basename is not None

    @property
    def executable(self):
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ class FFmpegMetadataPP(FFmpegPostProcessor):
            if value not in ('', None):
                value = ', '.join(map(str, variadic(value)))
                value = value.replace('\0', '')  # nul character cannot be passed in command line
-                metadata['common'].update({meta_f: value for meta_f in variadic(meta_list)})
+                metadata['common'].update(dict.fromkeys(variadic(meta_list), value))

        # Info on media metadata/metadata supported by ffmpeg:
        # https://wiki.multimedia.cx/index.php/FFmpeg_Metadata
--- a/yt_dlp/update.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/update.py
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ _FILE_SUFFIXES = {
 }

 _NON_UPDATEABLE_REASONS = {
-    **{variant: None for variant in _FILE_SUFFIXES},  # Updatable
+    **dict.fromkeys(_FILE_SUFFIXES),  # Updatable
    **{variant: f'Auto-update is not supported for unpackaged {name} executable; Re-download the latest release'
       for variant, name in {'win32_dir': 'Windows', 'darwin_dir': 'MacOS', 'linux_dir': 'Linux'}.items()},
    'py2exe': 'py2exe is no longer supported by yt-dlp; This executable cannot be updated',
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import contextlib
 import datetime as dt
 import email.header
 import email.utils
+import enum
 import errno
 import functools
 import hashlib
@@ -51,6 +52,7 @@ from ..compat import (
    compat_HTMLParseError,
 )
 from ..dependencies import xattr
+from ..globals import IN_CLI

 __name__ = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]  # noqa: A001: Pretend to be the parent module

@@ -1486,8 +1488,7 @@ def write_string(s, out=None, encoding=None):

 # TODO: Use global logger
 def deprecation_warning(msg, *, printer=None, stacklevel=0, **kwargs):
-    from .. import _IN_CLI
-    if _IN_CLI:
+    if IN_CLI.value:
        if msg in deprecation_warning._cache:
            return
        deprecation_warning._cache.add(msg)
@@ -3246,7 +3247,7 @@ def _match_one(filter_part, dct, incomplete):
            op = lambda attr, value: not unnegated_op(attr, value)
        else:
            op = unnegated_op
-        comparison_value = m['quotedstrval'] or m['strval'] or m['intval']
+        comparison_value = m['quotedstrval'] or m['strval']
        if m['quote']:
            comparison_value = comparison_value.replace(r'\{}'.format(m['quote']), m['quote'])
        actual_value = dct.get(m['key'])
@@ -4890,10 +4891,6 @@ class Config:
    filename = None
    __initialized = False

-    # Internal only, do not use! Hack to enable --plugin-dirs
-    # TODO(coletdjnz): remove when plugin globals system is implemented
-    _plugin_dirs = None
-
    def __init__(self, parser, label=None):
        self.parser, self.label = parser, label
        self._loaded_paths, self.configs = set(), []
@@ -5677,3 +5674,32 @@ class _YDLLogger:
    def stderr(self, message):
        if self._ydl:
            self._ydl.to_stderr(message)
+
+
+class _ProgressState(enum.Enum):
+    """
+    Represents a state for a progress bar.
+
+    See: https://conemu.github.io/en/AnsiEscapeCodes.html#ConEmu_specific_OSC
+    """
+
+    HIDDEN = 0
+    INDETERMINATE = 3
+    VISIBLE = 1
+    WARNING = 4
+    ERROR = 2
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_dict(cls, s, /):
+        if s['status'] == 'finished':
+            return cls.INDETERMINATE
+
+        # Not currently used
+        if s['status'] == 'error':
+            return cls.ERROR
+
+        return cls.INDETERMINATE if s.get('_percent') is None else cls.VISIBLE
+
+    def get_ansi_escape(self, /, percent=None):
+        percent = 0 if percent is None else int(percent)
+        return f'\033]9;4;{self.value};{percent}\007'
--- a/yt_dlp/utils/networking.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/networking.py
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import collections
+import collections.abc
 import random
+import typing
 import urllib.parse
 import urllib.request

-from ._utils import remove_start
+if typing.TYPE_CHECKING:
+    T = typing.TypeVar('T')
+
+from ._utils import NO_DEFAULT, remove_start


 def random_user_agent():
@@ -51,32 +58,141 @@ def random_user_agent():
    return _USER_AGENT_TPL % random.choice(_CHROME_VERSIONS)


-class HTTPHeaderDict(collections.UserDict, dict):
+class HTTPHeaderDict(dict):
    """
    Store and access keys case-insensitively.
    The constructor can take multiple dicts, in which keys in the latter are prioritised.
+
+    Retains a case sensitive mapping of the headers, which can be accessed via `.sensitive()`.
    """
+    def __new__(cls, *args: typing.Any, **kwargs: typing.Any) -> typing.Self:
+        obj = dict.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)
+        obj.__sensitive_map = {}
+        return obj

-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, /, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__()
-        for dct in args:
-            if dct is not None:
-                self.update(dct)
-        self.update(kwargs)
+        self.__sensitive_map = {}

-    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-        if isinstance(value, bytes):
-            value = value.decode('latin-1')
-        super().__setitem__(key.title(), str(value).strip())
+        for dct in filter(None, args):
+            self.update(dct)
+        if kwargs:
+            self.update(kwargs)

-    def __getitem__(self, key):
+    def sensitive(self, /) -> dict[str, str]:
+        return {
+            self.__sensitive_map[key]: value
+            for key, value in self.items()
+        }
+
+    def __contains__(self, key: str, /) -> bool:
+        return super().__contains__(key.title() if isinstance(key, str) else key)
+
+    def __delitem__(self, key: str, /) -> None:
+        key = key.title()
+        del self.__sensitive_map[key]
+        super().__delitem__(key)
+
+    def __getitem__(self, key, /) -> str:
        return super().__getitem__(key.title())

-    def __delitem__(self, key):
-        super().__delitem__(key.title())
+    def __ior__(self, other, /):
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = other.sensitive()
+        if isinstance(other, dict):
+            self.update(other)
+            return
+        return NotImplemented

-    def __contains__(self, key):
-        return super().__contains__(key.title() if isinstance(key, str) else key)
+    def __or__(self, other, /) -> typing.Self:
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = other.sensitive()
+        if isinstance(other, dict):
+            return type(self)(self.sensitive(), other)
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __ror__(self, other, /) -> typing.Self:
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = other.sensitive()
+        if isinstance(other, dict):
+            return type(self)(other, self.sensitive())
+        return NotImplemented
+
+    def __setitem__(self, key: str, value, /) -> None:
+        if isinstance(value, bytes):
+            value = value.decode('latin-1')
+        key_title = key.title()
+        self.__sensitive_map[key_title] = key
+        super().__setitem__(key_title, str(value).strip())
+
+    def clear(self, /) -> None:
+        self.__sensitive_map.clear()
+        super().clear()
+
+    def copy(self, /) -> typing.Self:
+        return type(self)(self.sensitive())
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, /) -> str | None: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def get(self, key: str, /, default: T) -> str | T: ...
+
+    def get(self, key, /, default=NO_DEFAULT):
+        key = key.title()
+        if default is NO_DEFAULT:
+            return super().get(key)
+        return super().get(key, default)
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def pop(self, key: str, /) -> str: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def pop(self, key: str, /, default: T) -> str | T: ...
+
+    def pop(self, key, /, default=NO_DEFAULT):
+        key = key.title()
+        if default is NO_DEFAULT:
+            self.__sensitive_map.pop(key)
+            return super().pop(key)
+        self.__sensitive_map.pop(key, default)
+        return super().pop(key, default)
+
+    def popitem(self) -> tuple[str, str]:
+        self.__sensitive_map.popitem()
+        return super().popitem()
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, /) -> str: ...
+
+    @typing.overload
+    def setdefault(self, key: str, /, default) -> str: ...
+
+    def setdefault(self, key, /, default=None) -> str:
+        key = key.title()
+        if key in self.__sensitive_map:
+            return super().__getitem__(key)
+
+        self[key] = default or ''
+        return self[key]
+
+    def update(self, other, /, **kwargs) -> None:
+        if isinstance(other, type(self)):
+            other = other.sensitive()
+        if isinstance(other, collections.abc.Mapping):
+            for key, value in other.items():
+                self[key] = value
+
+        elif hasattr(other, 'keys'):
+            for key in other.keys():  # noqa: SIM118
+                self[key] = other[key]
+
+        else:
+            for key, value in other:
+                self[key] = value
+
+        for key, value in kwargs.items():
+            self[key] = value


 std_headers = HTTPHeaderDict({
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
github-actions[bot]	b4488a9e12	Release 2025.03.21 Created by: bashonly :ci skip all	2025-03-21 23:49:09 +00:00
Simon Sawicki	f36e4b6e65	[cleanup] Misc (#12526 ) Authored by: Grub4K, seproDev, gamer191, dirkf Co-authored-by: sepro <sepro@sepr0.com>	2025-03-21 23:41:56 +00:00
D Trombett	983095485c	[ie/loco] Add extractor (#12667 ) Closes #12496 Authored by: DTrombett	2025-03-21 23:24:13 +00:00
Michaël De Boey	bbada3ec07	[ie/ketnet] Remove extractor (#12628 ) Authored by: MichaelDeBoey	2025-03-21 23:19:36 +00:00
Michiel Sikma	8305df0001	[ie/soop] Fix timestamp extraction (#12609 ) Closes #12606 Authored by: msikma	2025-03-21 23:16:30 +00:00
bashonly	7223d29569	[ie/mitele] Fix extractor (#12689 ) Closes #12655 Authored by: bashonly	2025-03-21 23:14:46 +00:00
bashonly	f5fb2229e6	[ie/BilibiliPlaylist] Fix extractor (#12690 ) Closes #12651 Authored by: bashonly	2025-03-21 23:04:58 +00:00
JChris246	89a68c4857	[ie/jamendo] Fix thumbnail extraction (#12622 ) Closes #11779 Authored by: JChris246, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-03-21 23:04:34 +00:00
sepro	9b868518a1	[ie/youtube] Fix nsig and signature extraction for player `643afba4` (#12684 ) Closes #12677, Closes #12682 Authored by: seproDev, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-03-21 20:58:10 +00:00
D Trombett	2ee3a0aff9	[ie/tv8.it] Add live and playlist extractors (#12569 ) Closes #12542 Authored by: DTrombett	2025-03-16 23:10:16 +01:00
Arc8ne	01a8be4c23	[ie/Canalsurmas] Add extractor (#12497 ) Closes #5516 Authored by: Arc8ne	2025-03-16 23:03:10 +01:00
Refael Ackermann	ebac65aa9e	[ie/NBCStations] Fix extractor (#12534 ) Authored by: refack	2025-03-16 21:41:32 +00:00
thedenv	4815dac131	[ie/msn] Rework extractor (#12513 ) Closes #3225 Authored by: thedenv, seproDev Co-authored-by: sepro <sepro@sepr0.com>	2025-03-16 19:54:46 +01:00
Simon Sawicki	95f8df2f79	[networking] Always add unsupported suffix on version mismatch (#12626 ) Authored by: Grub4K	2025-03-16 12:45:44 +01:00
coletdjnz	e67d786c7c	[ie/youtube] Warn on DRM formats (#12593 ) Authored by: coletdjnz	2025-03-16 10:28:16 +13:00
sepro	d9a53cc1e6	[ie/reddit] Truncate title (#12567 ) Authored by: seproDev	2025-03-15 22:16:00 +01:00
sepro	83b119dadb	[ie/tiktok] Truncate title (#12566 ) Authored by: seproDev	2025-03-15 22:15:29 +01:00
sepro	06f6de78db	[ie/twitter] Truncate title (#12560 ) Authored by: seproDev	2025-03-15 22:15:03 +01:00
sepro	3380febe99	[ie/youtube] Player client maintenance (#12603 ) Authored by: seproDev	2025-03-15 21:57:56 +01:00
rysson	be0d819e11	[ie/cda] Fix login support (#12552 ) Closes #10306 Authored by: rysson	2025-03-15 21:47:50 +01:00
Michaël De Boey	df9ebeec00	[ie/vrtmax] Rework extractor (#12479 ) Closes #7997, Closes #8174, Closes #9375 Authored by: MichaelDeBoey, bergoid, seproDev Co-authored-by: bergoid <bergoid@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: sepro <sepro@sepr0.com>	2025-03-15 21:29:22 +01:00
fireattack	17504f2535	[ie/openrec] Fix `_VALID_URL` (#12608 ) Authored by: fireattack	2025-03-15 17:14:01 +01:00
coletdjnz	4432a9390c	[ie/youtube] Split into package (#12557 ) Authored by: coletdjnz	2025-03-13 17:37:33 +13:00
sepro	05c8023a27	[ie/vk] Improve metadata extraction (#12510 ) Closes #12509 Authored by: seproDev	2025-03-07 22:14:38 +01:00
bashonly	bd0a668169	[ie/pinterest] Fix extractor (#12538 ) Closes #12529 Authored by: mikf Co-authored-by: =?UTF-8?q?Mike=20F=C3=A4hrmann?= <mike_faehrmann@web.de>	2025-03-05 06:38:23 +00:00
bashonly	b8b4754704	[ie/twitter] Fix syndication token generation (#12537 ) Fix `14cd7f3443` Authored by: bashonly	2025-03-05 06:22:52 +00:00
u-spec-png	9d70abe4de	[ie/N1] Fix extraction of newer articles (#12514 ) Authored by: u-spec-png	2025-03-04 01:51:23 +01:00
sepro	8eb9c1bf3b	[ie/RTP] Rework extractor (#11638 ) Closes #4661, Closes #10393, Closes #11244 Authored by: seproDev, vallovic, red-acid, pferreir, somini Co-authored-by: vallovic <vallovic@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: red-acid <161967284+red-acid@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Pedro Ferreira <pedro@dete.st> Co-authored-by: somini <dev@somini.xyz>	2025-03-04 00:46:18 +01:00
fries1234	42b7440963	[ie/tvw] Add extractor (#12271 ) Authored by: fries1234	2025-03-03 23:25:30 +01:00
sepro	172d5fcd77	[ie/MagellanTV] Fix extractor (#12505 ) Closes #12498 Authored by: seproDev	2025-03-03 22:55:03 +01:00
Simon Sawicki	7d18fed8f1	[networking] Add `keep_header_casing` extension (#11652 ) Authored by: coletdjnz, Grub4K Co-authored-by: coletdjnz <coletdjnz@protonmail.com>	2025-03-03 00:10:01 +01:00
coletdjnz	79ec2fdff7	[ie/youtube] Warn on missing formats due to SSAP (#12483 ) See https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12482 Authored by: coletdjnz	2025-02-28 19:33:31 +13:00
sepro	3042afb5fe	[ie/CultureUnplugged] Extend `_VALID_URL` (#12486 ) Closes #12477 Authored by: seproDev	2025-02-26 19:39:50 +01:00
sepro	ad60137c14	[ie/Dailymotion] Improve embed detection (#12464 ) Closes #12453 Authored by: seproDev	2025-02-26 19:36:33 +01:00
4ft35t	0bb3978862	[ie/weibo] Support playlists (#12284 ) Closes #12283 Authored by: 4ft35t	2025-02-23 19:16:06 +00:00
XPA	7508e34f20	[ie/niconico] Fix format sorting (#12442 ) Authored by: xpadev-net	2025-02-23 19:07:08 +00:00
bashonly	9807181cfb	[ie/lbry] Make m3u8 format extraction non-fatal (#12463 ) Closes #12459 Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-23 18:24:48 +00:00
bashonly	7126b47260	[ie/lbry] Raise appropriate error for non-media files (#12462 ) Closes #12182 Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-23 17:59:22 +00:00
bashonly	eb1417786a	[ie/gem.cbc.ca] Fix login support (#12414 ) Closes #12406 Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-23 09:56:47 +00:00
bashonly	6933f5670c	[ie/playsuisse] Fix login support (#12444 ) Closes #12425 Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-23 09:22:51 +00:00
Alexander Seiler	26a502fc72	[ie/azmedien] Fix extractor (#12375 ) Authored by: goggle	2025-02-23 09:14:35 +00:00
Ben Faerber	652827d5a0	[ie/softwhiteunderbelly] Add extractor (#12281 ) Authored by: benfaerber	2025-02-23 09:11:58 +00:00
Pedro Belo	0e1697232f	[ie/globo] Fix subtitles extraction (#12270 ) Authored by: pedro	2025-02-23 08:57:27 +00:00
Kenshin9977	9f77e04c76	Fix external downloader availability when using `--ffmpeg-location` (#12318 ) This fix is only applicable to the CLI option Authored by: Kenshin9977	2025-02-23 08:50:43 +00:00
Simon Sawicki	c034d65548	Fix lazy extractor state (Fix `4445f37a7a`) (#12452 ) Authored by: coletdjnz, Grub4K, pukkandan	2025-02-23 09:44:27 +01:00
bashonly	480125560a	[ie/instagram] Improve error handling (#12410 ) Closes #5967, Closes #6294, Closes #7328, Closes #8452 Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-23 08:35:22 +00:00
bashonly	a59abe0636	[ie/instagram] Fix extraction of older private posts (#12451 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-23 08:31:00 +00:00
Chris Ellsworth	a90641c836	[ie/instagram] Add `app_id` extractor-arg (#12359 ) Authored by: chrisellsworth	2025-02-23 08:16:04 +00:00
fireattack	65c3c58c0a	[ie/instagram:story] Support `--no-playlist` (#12397 ) Closes #12395 Authored by: fireattack	2025-02-23 07:24:21 +00:00
bashonly	99ea297875	[ie/tiktok] Improve error handling (#12445 ) Closes #8678 Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-23 06:53:13 +00:00
bashonly	6deeda5c11	[ie/soundcloud] Fix thumbnail extraction (#12447 ) Closes #11835, Closes #12435 Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-23 06:20:53 +00:00
Refael Ackermann	7f3006eb0c	[ie/wsj] Support opinion URLs and impersonation (#12431 ) Authored by: refack	2025-02-23 00:40:53 +00:00
coletdjnz	4445f37a7a	[core] Load plugins on demand (#11305 ) - Adds `--no-plugin-dirs` to disable plugin loading - `--plugin-dirs` now supports post-processors Authored by: coletdjnz, Grub4K, pukkandan	2025-02-23 11:00:46 +13:00
sepro	3a1583ca75	[ie/BunnyCdn] Add extractor (#11586 ) Also adds BunnyCdnFD Authored by: seproDev, Grub4K Co-authored-by: Simon Sawicki <contact@grub4k.xyz>	2025-02-21 22:39:41 +01:00
Simon Sawicki	a3e0c7d3b2	[test] Show all differences for `expect_value` and `expect_dict` (#12334 ) Authored by: Grub4K	2025-02-21 21:29:07 +01:00
Simon Sawicki	f7a1f2d813	[core] Support emitting ConEmu progress codes (#10649 ) Authored by: Grub4K	2025-02-20 20:33:31 +01:00
bashonly	9deed13d7c	[ie/soundcloud] Extract tags (#12420 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-20 15:51:08 +00:00
bashonly	c2e6e1d5f7	[ie/niconico:live] Fix thumbnail extraction (#12419 ) Closes #12417 Authored by: bashonly	2025-02-20 15:39:06 +00:00