Release 2025.04.30

Created by: bashonly :ci skip all
[cleanup] Misc (#12844 )
2026-01-11 17:31:31 +00:00 · 2025-04-30 23:24:48 +00:00 · 2025-04-30 23:01:25 +00:00 · 2025-04-30 22:51:40 +00:00 · 2025-04-30 22:27:42 +00:00 · 2025-04-30 01:15:17 +00:00
60 changed files with 2637 additions and 1629 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/core.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/core.yml
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ on:
      - devscripts/**
      - test/**
      - yt_dlp/**.py
-      - '!yt_dlp/extractor/*.py'
+      - '!yt_dlp/extractor/**.py'
      - yt_dlp/extractor/__init__.py
      - yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
      - yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ on:
      - devscripts/**
      - test/**
      - yt_dlp/**.py
-      - '!yt_dlp/extractor/*.py'
+      - '!yt_dlp/extractor/**.py'
      - yt_dlp/extractor/__init__.py
      - yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
      - yt_dlp/extractor/extractors.py
--- a/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/quick-test.yml
@@ -38,3 +38,5 @@ jobs:
      run: ruff check --output-format github .
    - name: Run autopep8
      run: autopep8 --diff .
+    - name: Check file mode
+      run: git ls-files --format="%(objectmode) %(path)" yt_dlp/ | ( ! grep -v "^100644" )
--- a/10
+++ b/10
@@ -760,3 +760,13 @@ vallovic
 arabcoders
 mireq
 mlabeeb03
+1271
+CasperMcFadden95
+Kicer86
+Kiritomo
+leeblackc
+meGAmeS1
+NeonMan
+pj47x
+troex
+WouterGordts
--- a/Changelog.md
+++ b/Changelog.md
@@ -4,6 +4,85 @@
 # To create a release, dispatch the https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/actions/workflows/release.yml workflow on master
 -->

+### 2025.04.30
+
+#### Important changes
+- **New option `--preset-alias`/`-t` has been added**
+This provides convenient predefined aliases for common use cases. Available presets include `mp4`, `mp3`, `mkv`, `aac`, and `sleep`. See [the README](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/README.md#preset-aliases) for more details.
+
+#### Core changes
+- [Add `--preset-alias` option](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/88eb1e7a9a2720ac89d653c0d0e40292388823bb) ([#12839](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12839)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **utils**
+    - `_yield_json_ld`: [Make function less fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/45f01de00e1bc076b7f676a669736326178647b1) ([#12855](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12855)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - `url_or_none`: [Support WebSocket URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a473e592337edb8ca40cde52c1fcaee261c54df9) ([#12848](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12848)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+
+#### Extractor changes
+- **abematv**: [Fix thumbnail extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f5736bb35bde62348caebf7b188668655e316deb) ([#12859](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12859)) by [Kiritomo](https://github.com/Kiritomo)
+- **atresplayer**: [Rework extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/839d64325356310e6de6cd9cad28fb546619ca63) ([#11424](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11424)) by [meGAmeS1](https://github.com/meGAmeS1), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **bpb**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/80736b9c90818adee933a155079b8535bc06819f) ([#13015](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13015)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cda**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9032f981362ea0be90626fab51ec37934feded6d) ([#12975](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12975)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **cdafolder**: [Extend `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/cb271d445bc2d866c9a3404b1d8f59bcb77447df) ([#12919](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12919)) by [fireattack](https://github.com/fireattack), [Kicer86](https://github.com/Kicer86)
+- **crowdbunker**: [Make format extraction non-fatal](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4ebf41309d04a6e196944f1c0f5f0154cff0055a) ([#12836](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12836)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **dacast**: [Support tokenized URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e7e3b7a55c456da4a5a812b4fefce4dce8e6a616) ([#12979](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12979)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **dzen.ru**: [Rework extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a3f2b54c2535d862de6efa9cfaa6ca9a2b2f7dd6) ([#12852](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12852)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **generic**: [Fix MPD extraction for `file://` URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/34a061a295d156934417c67ee98070b94943006b) ([#12978](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12978)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **getcourseru**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/741fd809bc4d301c19b53877692ae510334a6750) ([#12943](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12943)) by [troex](https://github.com/troex)
+- **ivoox**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7faa18b83dcfc74a1a1e2034e6b0369c495ca645) ([#12768](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12768)) by [NeonMan](https://github.com/NeonMan), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **kika**: [Add playlist extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3c1c75ecb8ab352f422b59af46fff2be992e4115) ([#12832](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12832)) by [1100101](https://github.com/1100101)
+- **linkedin**
+    - [Support feed URLs](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/73a26f9ee68610e33c0b4407b77355f2ab7afd0e) ([#12927](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12927)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - events: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/b37ff4de5baf4e4e70c6a0ec34e136a279ad20af) ([#12926](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12926)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **loco**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f5a37ea40e20865b976ffeeff13eeae60292eb23) ([#12934](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12934)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **lrtradio**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/74e90dd9b8f9c1a5c48a2515126654f4d398d687) ([#12801](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12801)) by [subrat-lima](https://github.com/subrat-lima)
+- **manyvids**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/77aa15e98f34c4ad425aabf39dd1ee37b48f772c) ([#10907](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10907)) by [pj47x](https://github.com/pj47x)
+- **mixcloud**: [Refactor extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/db6d1f145ad583e0220637726029f8f2fa6200a0) ([#12830](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12830)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev), [WouterGordts](https://github.com/WouterGordts)
+- **mlbtv**: [Fix device ID caching](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/36da6360e130197df927ee93409519ce3f4075f5) ([#12980](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12980)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **niconico**
+    - [Fix login support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/25cd7c1ecbb6cbf21dd3a6e59608e4af94715ecc) ([#13008](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13008)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+    - [Remove DMC formats support](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7d05aa99c65352feae1cd9a3ff8784b64bfe382a) ([#12916](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12916)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+    - live: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1d45e30537bf83e069184a440703e4c43b2e0198) ([#12809](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12809)) by [Snack-X](https://github.com/Snack-X)
+- **panopto**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/9d26daa04ad5108257bc5e30f7f040c7f1fe7a5a) ([#12925](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12925)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **parti**: [Add extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/425017531fbc3369becb5a44013e26f26efabf45) ([#12769](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12769)) by [benfaerber](https://github.com/benfaerber)
+- **raiplay**: [Fix DRM detection](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/dce82346245e35a46fda836ca2089805d2347935) ([#12971](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12971)) by [DTrombett](https://github.com/DTrombett)
+- **reddit**: [Support `--ignore-no-formats-error`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/28f04e8a5e383ff531db646190b4be45554610d6) ([#12993](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12993)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **royalive**: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/e1847535e28788414a25546a45bebcada2f34558) ([#12817](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12817)) by [CasperMcFadden95](https://github.com/CasperMcFadden95)
+- **rtve**: [Rework extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f07ee91c71920ab1187a7ea756720e81aa406a9d) ([#10388](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/10388)) by [meGAmeS1](https://github.com/meGAmeS1), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **rumble**: [Improve format extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/58d0c83457b93b3c9a81eb6bc5a4c65f25e949df) ([#12838](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12838)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tokfmpodcast**: [Fix formats extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/91832111a12d87499294a0f430829b8c2254c339) ([#12842](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12842)) by [selfisekai](https://github.com/selfisekai)
+- **tv2dk**: [Fix extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/a3e91df30a45943f40759d2c1e0b6c2ca4b2a263) ([#12945](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12945)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tvp**: vod: [Improve `_VALID_URL`](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/4e69a626cce51428bc1d66dc606a56d9498b03a5) ([#12923](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12923)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **tvw**: tvchannels: [Add extractor](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ed8ad1b4d6b9d7a1426ff5192ff924f3371e4721) ([#12721](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12721)) by [fries1234](https://github.com/fries1234)
+- **twitcasting**: [Fix livestream extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/de271a06fd6d20d4f55597ff7f90e4d913de0a52) ([#12977](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12977)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **twitch**: clips: [Fix uploader metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1ae6bff564a65af41e94f1a4727892471ecdd05a) ([#13022](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13022)) by [1271](https://github.com/1271)
+- **twitter**
+    - [Fix extraction when logged-in](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/1cf39ddf3d10b6512daa7dd139e5f6c0dc548bbc) ([#13024](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13024)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - spaces: [Improve metadata extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/70599e53b736bb75922b737e6e0d4f76e419bb20) ([#12911](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12911)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+- **vimeo**: [Extract from mobile API](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/22ac81a0692019ac833cf282e4ef99718e9ef3fa) ([#13034](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13034)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+- **vk**
+    - [Fix chapters extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/5361a7c6e2933c919716e0cb1e3116c28c40419f) ([#12821](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12821)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+    - [Fix uploader extraction](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/2381881fe58a723853350a6ab750a5efc9f10c85) ([#12985](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12985)) by [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+- **youtube**
+    - [Add context to video request rate limit error](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/26feac3dd142536ad08ad1ed731378cb88e63602) ([#12958](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12958)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Add extractor arg to skip "initial_data" request](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ed6c6d7eefbc78fa72e4e60ad6edaa3ee2acc715) ([#12865](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12865)) by [leeblackc](https://github.com/leeblackc)
+    - [Add warning on video captcha challenge](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/f484c51599a6cd01eb078ea7dc9bbba942967774) ([#12939](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12939)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Cache signature timestamps](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/61c9a938b390b8334ee3a879fe2d93f714e30138) ([#13047](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13047)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Detect and warn when account cookies are rotated](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8cb08028f5be2acb9835ce1670b196b9b077052f) ([#13014](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13014)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+    - [Detect player JS variants for any locale](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/c2d6659d1069f8cff97e1fd61d1c59e949e1e63d) ([#13003](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13003)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Do not strictly deprioritize `missing_pot` formats](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/74fc2ae12c24eb6b4e02c6360c89bd05f3c8f740) ([#13061](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13061)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - [Improve warning for SABR-only/SSAP player responses](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/fd8394bc50301ac5e930aa65aa71ab1b8372b8ab) ([#13049](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13049)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly)
+    - tab: [Extract continuation from empty page](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/72ba4879304c2082fecbb472e6cc05ee2d154a3b) ([#12938](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12938)) by [coletdjnz](https://github.com/coletdjnz)
+- **zdf**: [Fix extractors](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/7be14109a6bd493a2e881da4f9e30adaf3e7e5d5) ([#12779](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12779)) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [InvalidUsernameException](https://github.com/InvalidUsernameException)
+
+#### Downloader changes
+- **niconicodmc**: [Remove downloader](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/8d127b18f81131453eaba05d3bb810d9b73adb75) ([#12916](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12916)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+
+#### Networking changes
+- [Add PATCH request shortcut](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/ceab4d5ed63a1f135a1816fe967c9d9a1ec7e6e8) ([#12884](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12884)) by [doe1080](https://github.com/doe1080)
+
+#### Misc. changes
+- **ci**: [Add file mode test to code check](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/3690e91265d1d0bbeffaf6a9b8cc9baded1367bd) ([#13036](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/13036)) by [Grub4K](https://github.com/Grub4K)
+- **cleanup**: Miscellaneous: [505b400](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/commit/505b400795af557bdcfd9d4fa7e9133b26ef431c) by [bashonly](https://github.com/bashonly), [seproDev](https://github.com/seproDev)
+
 ### 2025.03.31

 #### Core changes
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -386,6 +386,12 @@ If you fork the project on GitHub, you can run your fork's [build workflow](.git
                                    recursive options. As a safety measure, each
                                    alias may be triggered a maximum of 100
                                    times. This option can be used multiple times
+    -t, --preset-alias PRESET       Applies a predefined set of options. e.g.
+                                    --preset-alias mp3. The following presets
+                                    are available: mp3, aac, mp4, mkv, sleep.
+                                    See the "Preset Aliases" section at the end
+                                    for more info. This option can be used
+                                    multiple times

 ## Network Options:
    --proxy URL                     Use the specified HTTP/HTTPS/SOCKS proxy. To
@@ -1098,6 +1104,23 @@ Make chapter entries for, or remove various segments (sponsor,
                                    can use this option multiple times to give
                                    arguments for different extractors

+## Preset Aliases:
+    -t mp3                          -f 'ba[acodec^=mp3]/ba/b' -x --audio-format
+                                    mp3
+
+    -t aac                          -f
+                                    'ba[acodec^=aac]/ba[acodec^=mp4a.40.]/ba/b'
+                                    -x --audio-format aac
+
+    -t mp4                          --merge-output-format mp4 --remux-video mp4
+                                    -S vcodec:h264,lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,a
+                                    codec:aac
+
+    -t mkv                          --merge-output-format mkv --remux-video mkv
+
+    -t sleep                        --sleep-subtitles 5 --sleep-requests 0.75
+                                    --sleep-interval 10 --max-sleep-interval 20
+
 # CONFIGURATION

 You can configure yt-dlp by placing any supported command line option in a configuration file. The configuration is loaded from the following locations:
@@ -1770,7 +1793,7 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 * `lang`: Prefer translated metadata (`title`, `description` etc) of this language code (case-sensitive). By default, the video primary language metadata is preferred, with a fallback to `en` translated. See [youtube.py](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/c26f9b991a0681fd3ea548d535919cec1fbbd430/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube.py#L381-L390) for list of supported content language codes
 * `skip`: One or more of `hls`, `dash` or `translated_subs` to skip extraction of the m3u8 manifests, dash manifests and [auto-translated subtitles](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/4090#issuecomment-1158102032) respectively
 * `player_client`: Clients to extract video data from. The currently available clients are `web`, `web_safari`, `web_embedded`, `web_music`, `web_creator`, `mweb`, `ios`, `android`, `android_vr`, `tv` and `tv_embedded`. By default, `tv,ios,web` is used, or `tv,web` is used when authenticating with cookies. The `web_music` client is added for `music.youtube.com` URLs when logged-in cookies are used. The `tv_embedded` and `web_creator` clients are added for age-restricted videos if account age-verification is required. Some clients, such as `web` and `web_music`, require a `po_token` for their formats to be downloadable. Some clients, such as `web_creator`, will only work with authentication. Not all clients support authentication via cookies. You can use `default` for the default clients, or you can use `all` for all clients (not recommended). You can prefix a client with `-` to exclude it, e.g. `youtube:player_client=default,-ios`
-* `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause some issues. See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) for more details
+* `player_skip`: Skip some network requests that are generally needed for robust extraction. One or more of `configs` (skip client configs), `webpage` (skip initial webpage), `js` (skip js player), `initial_data` (skip initial data/next ep request). While these options can help reduce the number of requests needed or avoid some rate-limiting, they could cause issues such as missing formats or metadata.  See [#860](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/860) and [#12826](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12826) for more details
 * `player_params`: YouTube player parameters to use for player requests. Will overwrite any default ones set by yt-dlp.
 * `comment_sort`: `top` or `new` (default) - choose comment sorting mode (on YouTube's side)
 * `max_comments`: Limit the amount of comments to gather. Comma-separated list of integers representing `max-comments,max-parents,max-replies,max-replies-per-thread`. Default is `all,all,all,all`
@@ -1799,9 +1822,6 @@ The following extractors use this feature:
 #### vikichannel
 * `video_types`: Types of videos to download - one or more of `episodes`, `movies`, `clips`, `trailers`

-#### niconico
-* `segment_duration`: Segment duration in milliseconds for HLS-DMC formats. Use it at your own risk since this feature **may result in your account termination.**
-
 #### youtubewebarchive
 * `check_all`: Try to check more at the cost of more requests. One or more of `thumbnails`, `captures`

@@ -2153,7 +2173,7 @@ with yt_dlp.YoutubeDL(ydl_opts) as ydl:

 * **[Format Sorting](#sorting-formats)**: The default format sorting options have been changed so that higher resolution and better codecs will be now preferred instead of simply using larger bitrate. Furthermore, you can now specify the sort order using `-S`. This allows for much easier format selection than what is possible by simply using `--format` ([examples](#format-selection-examples))

-* **Merged with animelover1984/youtube-dl**: You get most of the features and improvements from [animelover1984/youtube-dl](https://github.com/animelover1984/youtube-dl) including `--write-comments`, `BiliBiliSearch`, `BilibiliChannel`, Embedding thumbnail in mp4/ogg/opus, playlist infojson etc. Note that NicoNico livestreams are not available. See [#31](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/31) for details.
+* **Merged with animelover1984/youtube-dl**: You get most of the features and improvements from [animelover1984/youtube-dl](https://github.com/animelover1984/youtube-dl) including `--write-comments`, `BiliBiliSearch`, `BilibiliChannel`, Embedding thumbnail in mp4/ogg/opus, playlist infojson etc. See [#31](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/pull/31) for details.

 * **YouTube improvements**:
    * Supports Clips, Stories (`ytstories:<channel UCID>`), Search (including filters)**\***, YouTube Music Search, Channel-specific search, Search prefixes (`ytsearch:`, `ytsearchdate:`)**\***, Mixes, and Feeds (`:ytfav`, `:ytwatchlater`, `:ytsubs`, `:ythistory`, `:ytrec`, `:ytnotif`)
--- a/devscripts/changelog_override.json
+++ b/devscripts/changelog_override.json
@@ -245,5 +245,14 @@
        "when": "76ac023ff02f06e8c003d104f02a03deeddebdcd",
        "short": "[ie/youtube:tab] Improve shorts title extraction (#11997)",
        "authors": ["bashonly", "d3d9"]
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "add",
+        "when": "88eb1e7a9a2720ac89d653c0d0e40292388823bb",
+        "short": "[priority] **New option `--preset-alias`/`-t` has been added**\nThis provides convenient predefined aliases for common use cases. Available presets include `mp4`, `mp3`, `mkv`, `aac`, and `sleep`. See [the README](https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/blob/master/README.md#preset-aliases) for more details."
+    },
+    {
+        "action": "remove",
+        "when": "d596824c2f8428362c072518856065070616e348"
    }
 ]
--- a/supportedsites.md
+++ b/supportedsites.md
@@ -394,6 +394,8 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **dvtv**: http://video.aktualne.cz/
 - **dw**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **dw:article**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **dzen.ru**: Дзен (dzen) formerly Яндекс.Дзен (Yandex Zen)
+ - **dzen.ru:channel**
 - **EaglePlatform**
 - **EbaumsWorld**
 - **Ebay**
@@ -634,6 +636,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **ivi**: ivi.ru
 - **ivi:compilation**: ivi.ru compilations
 - **ivideon**: Ivideon TV
+ - **Ivoox**
 - **IVXPlayer**
 - **iwara**: [*iwara*](## "netrc machine")
 - **iwara:playlist**: [*iwara*](## "netrc machine")
@@ -671,6 +674,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Kicker**
 - **KickStarter**
 - **Kika**: KiKA.de
+ - **KikaPlaylist**
 - **kinja:embed**
 - **KinoPoisk**
 - **Kommunetv**
@@ -723,6 +727,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **limelight:channel**
 - **limelight:channel_list**
 - **LinkedIn**: [*linkedin*](## "netrc machine")
+ - **linkedin:events**: [*linkedin*](## "netrc machine")
 - **linkedin:learning**: [*linkedin*](## "netrc machine")
 - **linkedin:learning:course**: [*linkedin*](## "netrc machine")
 - **Liputan6**
@@ -738,6 +743,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **loom**
 - **loom:folder**
 - **LoveHomePorn**
+ - **LRTRadio**
 - **LRTStream**
 - **LRTVOD**
 - **LSMLREmbed**
@@ -759,7 +765,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **ManotoTV**: Manoto TV (Episode)
 - **ManotoTVLive**: Manoto TV (Live)
 - **ManotoTVShow**: Manoto TV (Show)
- - **ManyVids**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **ManyVids**
 - **MaoriTV**
 - **Markiza**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **MarkizaPage**: (**Currently broken**)
@@ -946,7 +952,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **nickelodeonru**
 - **niconico**: [*niconico*](## "netrc machine") ニコニコ動画
 - **niconico:history**: NicoNico user history or likes. Requires cookies.
- - **niconico:live**: ニコニコ生放送
+ - **niconico:live**: [*niconico*](## "netrc machine") ニコニコ生放送
 - **niconico:playlist**
 - **niconico:series**
 - **niconico:tag**: NicoNico video tag URLs
@@ -1053,6 +1059,8 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **Parler**: Posts on parler.com
 - **parliamentlive.tv**: UK parliament videos
 - **Parlview**: (**Currently broken**)
+ - **parti:livestream**
+ - **parti:video**
 - **patreon**
 - **patreon:campaign**
 - **pbs**: Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) and member stations: PBS: Public Broadcasting Service, APT - Alabama Public Television (WBIQ), GPB/Georgia Public Broadcasting (WGTV), Mississippi Public Broadcasting (WMPN), Nashville Public Television (WNPT), WFSU-TV (WFSU), WSRE (WSRE), WTCI (WTCI), WPBA/Channel 30 (WPBA), Alaska Public Media (KAKM), Arizona PBS (KAET), KNME-TV/Channel 5 (KNME), Vegas PBS (KLVX), AETN/ARKANSAS ETV NETWORK (KETS), KET (WKLE), WKNO/Channel 10 (WKNO), LPB/LOUISIANA PUBLIC BROADCASTING (WLPB), OETA (KETA), Ozarks Public Television (KOZK), WSIU Public Broadcasting (WSIU), KEET TV (KEET), KIXE/Channel 9 (KIXE), KPBS San Diego (KPBS), KQED (KQED), KVIE Public Television (KVIE), PBS SoCal/KOCE (KOCE), ValleyPBS (KVPT), CONNECTICUT PUBLIC TELEVISION (WEDH), KNPB Channel 5 (KNPB), SOPTV (KSYS), Rocky Mountain PBS (KRMA), KENW-TV3 (KENW), KUED Channel 7 (KUED), Wyoming PBS (KCWC), Colorado Public Television / KBDI 12 (KBDI), KBYU-TV (KBYU), Thirteen/WNET New York (WNET), WGBH/Channel 2 (WGBH), WGBY (WGBY), NJTV Public Media NJ (WNJT), WLIW21 (WLIW), mpt/Maryland Public Television (WMPB), WETA Television and Radio (WETA), WHYY (WHYY), PBS 39 (WLVT), WVPT - Your Source for PBS and More! (WVPT), Howard University Television (WHUT), WEDU PBS (WEDU), WGCU Public Media (WGCU), WPBT2 (WPBT), WUCF TV (WUCF), WUFT/Channel 5 (WUFT), WXEL/Channel 42 (WXEL), WLRN/Channel 17 (WLRN), WUSF Public Broadcasting (WUSF), ETV (WRLK), UNC-TV (WUNC), PBS Hawaii - Oceanic Cable Channel 10 (KHET), Idaho Public Television (KAID), KSPS (KSPS), OPB (KOPB), KWSU/Channel 10 & KTNW/Channel 31 (KWSU), WILL-TV (WILL), Network Knowledge - WSEC/Springfield (WSEC), WTTW11 (WTTW), Iowa Public Television/IPTV (KDIN), Nine Network (KETC), PBS39 Fort Wayne (WFWA), WFYI Indianapolis (WFYI), Milwaukee Public Television (WMVS), WNIN (WNIN), WNIT Public Television (WNIT), WPT (WPNE), WVUT/Channel 22 (WVUT), WEIU/Channel 51 (WEIU), WQPT-TV (WQPT), WYCC PBS Chicago (WYCC), WIPB-TV (WIPB), WTIU (WTIU), CET  (WCET), ThinkTVNetwork (WPTD), WBGU-TV (WBGU), WGVU TV (WGVU), NET1 (KUON), Pioneer Public Television (KWCM), SDPB Television (KUSD), TPT (KTCA), KSMQ (KSMQ), KPTS/Channel 8 (KPTS), KTWU/Channel 11 (KTWU), East Tennessee PBS (WSJK), WCTE-TV (WCTE), WLJT, Channel 11 (WLJT), WOSU TV (WOSU), WOUB/WOUC (WOUB), WVPB (WVPB), WKYU-PBS (WKYU), KERA 13 (KERA), MPBN (WCBB), Mountain Lake PBS (WCFE), NHPTV (WENH), Vermont PBS (WETK), witf (WITF), WQED Multimedia (WQED), WMHT Educational Telecommunications (WMHT), Q-TV (WDCQ), WTVS Detroit Public TV (WTVS), CMU Public Television (WCMU), WKAR-TV (WKAR), WNMU-TV Public TV 13 (WNMU), WDSE - WRPT (WDSE), WGTE TV (WGTE), Lakeland Public Television (KAWE), KMOS-TV - Channels 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3 (KMOS), MontanaPBS (KUSM), KRWG/Channel 22 (KRWG), KACV (KACV), KCOS/Channel 13 (KCOS), WCNY/Channel 24 (WCNY), WNED (WNED), WPBS (WPBS), WSKG Public TV (WSKG), WXXI (WXXI), WPSU (WPSU), WVIA Public Media Studios (WVIA), WTVI (WTVI), Western Reserve PBS (WNEO), WVIZ/PBS ideastream (WVIZ), KCTS 9 (KCTS), Basin PBS (KPBT), KUHT / Channel 8 (KUHT), KLRN (KLRN), KLRU (KLRU), WTJX Channel 12 (WTJX), WCVE PBS (WCVE), KBTC Public Television (KBTC)
@@ -1227,6 +1235,7 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **RoosterTeeth**: [*roosterteeth*](## "netrc machine")
 - **RoosterTeethSeries**: [*roosterteeth*](## "netrc machine")
 - **RottenTomatoes**
+ - **RoyaLive**
 - **Rozhlas**
 - **RozhlasVltava**
 - **RTBF**: [*rtbf*](## "netrc machine") (**Currently broken**)
@@ -1247,9 +1256,8 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **RTVCKaltura**
 - **RTVCPlay**
 - **RTVCPlayEmbed**
- - **rtve.es:alacarta**: RTVE a la carta
+ - **rtve.es:alacarta**: RTVE a la carta and Play
 - **rtve.es:audio**: RTVE audio
- - **rtve.es:infantil**: RTVE infantil
 - **rtve.es:live**: RTVE.es live streams
 - **rtve.es:television**
 - **rtvslo.si**
@@ -1562,7 +1570,8 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **tvp:vod:series**
 - **TVPlayer**
 - **TVPlayHome**
- - **Tvw**
+ - **tvw**
+ - **tvw:tvchannels**
 - **Tweakers**
 - **TwitCasting**
 - **TwitCastingLive**
@@ -1821,14 +1830,12 @@ The only reliable way to check if a site is supported is to try it.
 - **ZattooLive**: [*zattoo*](## "netrc machine")
 - **ZattooMovies**: [*zattoo*](## "netrc machine")
 - **ZattooRecordings**: [*zattoo*](## "netrc machine")
- - **ZDF**
- - **ZDFChannel**
+ - **zdf**
+ - **zdf:channel**
 - **Zee5**: [*zee5*](## "netrc machine")
 - **zee5:series**
 - **ZeeNews**: (**Currently broken**)
 - **ZenPorn**
- - **ZenYandex**
- - **ZenYandexChannel**
 - **ZetlandDKArticle**
 - **Zhihu**
 - **zingmp3**: zingmp3.vn
--- a/test/helper.py
+++ b/test/helper.py
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ def _iter_differences(got, expected, field):
            return

        if op == 'startswith':
-            if not val.startswith(got):
+            if not got.startswith(val):
                yield field, f'should start with {val!r}, got {got!r}'
            return

--- a/test/test_networking.py
+++ b/test/test_networking.py
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ from yt_dlp.cookies import YoutubeDLCookieJar
 from yt_dlp.dependencies import brotli, curl_cffi, requests, urllib3
 from yt_dlp.networking import (
    HEADRequest,
+    PATCHRequest,
    PUTRequest,
    Request,
    RequestDirector,
@@ -1856,6 +1857,7 @@ class TestRequest:

    def test_request_helpers(self):
        assert HEADRequest('http://example.com').method == 'HEAD'
+        assert PATCHRequest('http://example.com').method == 'PATCH'
        assert PUTRequest('http://example.com').method == 'PUT'

    def test_headers(self):
--- a/test/test_utils.py
+++ b/test/test_utils.py
@@ -659,6 +659,8 @@ class TestUtil(unittest.TestCase):
        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('mms://foo.de'), 'mms://foo.de')
        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('rtspu://foo.de'), 'rtspu://foo.de')
        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('ftps://foo.de'), 'ftps://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('ws://foo.de'), 'ws://foo.de')
+        self.assertEqual(url_or_none('wss://foo.de'), 'wss://foo.de')

    def test_parse_age_limit(self):
        self.assertEqual(parse_age_limit(None), None)
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/init.py
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ from .hls import HlsFD
 from .http import HttpFD
 from .ism import IsmFD
 from .mhtml import MhtmlFD
-from .niconico import NiconicoDmcFD, NiconicoLiveFD
+from .niconico import NiconicoLiveFD
 from .rtmp import RtmpFD
 from .rtsp import RtspFD
 from .websocket import WebSocketFragmentFD
@@ -50,7 +50,6 @@ PROTOCOL_MAP = {
    'http_dash_segments_generator': DashSegmentsFD,
    'ism': IsmFD,
    'mhtml': MhtmlFD,
-    'niconico_dmc': NiconicoDmcFD,
    'niconico_live': NiconicoLiveFD,
    'fc2_live': FC2LiveFD,
    'websocket_frag': WebSocketFragmentFD,
@@ -67,7 +66,6 @@ def shorten_protocol_name(proto, simplify=False):
        'rtmp_ffmpeg': 'rtmpF',
        'http_dash_segments': 'dash',
        'http_dash_segments_generator': 'dashG',
-        'niconico_dmc': 'dmc',
        'websocket_frag': 'WSfrag',
    }
    if simplify:
--- a/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/downloader/niconico.py
@@ -2,60 +2,12 @@ import json
 import threading
 import time

-from . import get_suitable_downloader
 from .common import FileDownloader
 from .external import FFmpegFD
 from ..networking import Request
 from ..utils import DownloadError, str_or_none, try_get


-class NiconicoDmcFD(FileDownloader):
-    """ Downloading niconico douga from DMC with heartbeat """
-
-    def real_download(self, filename, info_dict):
-        from ..extractor.niconico import NiconicoIE
-
-        self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Downloading from DMC')
-        ie = NiconicoIE(self.ydl)
-        info_dict, heartbeat_info_dict = ie._get_heartbeat_info(info_dict)
-
-        fd = get_suitable_downloader(info_dict, params=self.params)(self.ydl, self.params)
-
-        success = download_complete = False
-        timer = [None]
-        heartbeat_lock = threading.Lock()
-        heartbeat_url = heartbeat_info_dict['url']
-        heartbeat_data = heartbeat_info_dict['data'].encode()
-        heartbeat_interval = heartbeat_info_dict.get('interval', 30)
-
-        request = Request(heartbeat_url, heartbeat_data)
-
-        def heartbeat():
-            try:
-                self.ydl.urlopen(request).read()
-            except Exception:
-                self.to_screen(f'[{self.FD_NAME}] Heartbeat failed')
-
-            with heartbeat_lock:
-                if not download_complete:
-                    timer[0] = threading.Timer(heartbeat_interval, heartbeat)
-                    timer[0].start()
-
-        heartbeat_info_dict['ping']()
-        self.to_screen('[%s] Heartbeat with %d second interval ...' % (self.FD_NAME, heartbeat_interval))
-        try:
-            heartbeat()
-            if type(fd).__name__ == 'HlsFD':
-                info_dict.update(ie._extract_m3u8_formats(info_dict['url'], info_dict['id'])[0])
-            success = fd.real_download(filename, info_dict)
-        finally:
-            if heartbeat_lock:
-                with heartbeat_lock:
-                    timer[0].cancel()
-                    download_complete = True
-        return success
-
-
 class NiconicoLiveFD(FileDownloader):
    """ Downloads niconico live without being stopped """

@@ -85,6 +37,7 @@ class NiconicoLiveFD(FileDownloader):
                            'quality': live_quality,
                            'protocol': 'hls+fmp4',
                            'latency': live_latency,
+                            'accessRightMethod': 'single_cookie',
                            'chasePlay': False,
                        },
                        'room': {
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/_extractors.py
@@ -903,6 +903,7 @@ from .ivi import (
    IviIE,
 )
 from .ivideon import IvideonIE
+from .ivoox import IvooxIE
 from .iwara import (
    IwaraIE,
    IwaraPlaylistIE,
@@ -960,7 +961,10 @@ from .kick import (
 )
 from .kicker import KickerIE
 from .kickstarter import KickStarterIE
-from .kika import KikaIE
+from .kika import (
+    KikaIE,
+    KikaPlaylistIE,
+)
 from .kinja import KinjaEmbedIE
 from .kinopoisk import KinoPoiskIE
 from .kommunetv import KommunetvIE
@@ -1038,6 +1042,7 @@ from .limelight import (
    LimelightMediaIE,
 )
 from .linkedin import (
+    LinkedInEventsIE,
    LinkedInIE,
    LinkedInLearningCourseIE,
    LinkedInLearningIE,
@@ -1061,6 +1066,7 @@ from .loom import (
 from .lovehomeporn import LoveHomePornIE
 from .lrt import (
    LRTVODIE,
+    LRTRadioIE,
    LRTStreamIE,
 )
 from .lsm import (
@@ -1493,6 +1499,10 @@ from .paramountplus import (
 )
 from .parler import ParlerIE
 from .parlview import ParlviewIE
+from .parti import (
+    PartiLivestreamIE,
+    PartiVideoIE,
+)
 from .patreon import (
    PatreonCampaignIE,
    PatreonIE,
@@ -1739,6 +1749,7 @@ from .roosterteeth import (
    RoosterTeethSeriesIE,
 )
 from .rottentomatoes import RottenTomatoesIE
+from .roya import RoyaLiveIE
 from .rozhlas import (
    MujRozhlasIE,
    RozhlasIE,
@@ -1773,7 +1784,6 @@ from .rtvcplay import (
 from .rtve import (
    RTVEALaCartaIE,
    RTVEAudioIE,
-    RTVEInfantilIE,
    RTVELiveIE,
    RTVETelevisionIE,
 )
@@ -2227,7 +2237,10 @@ from .tvplay import (
    TVPlayIE,
 )
 from .tvplayer import TVPlayerIE
-from .tvw import TvwIE
+from .tvw import (
+    TvwIE,
+    TvwTvChannelsIE,
+)
 from .tweakers import TweakersIE
 from .twentymin import TwentyMinutenIE
 from .twentythreevideo import TwentyThreeVideoIE
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/abematv.py
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    int_or_none,
    time_seconds,
    traverse_obj,
+    update_url,
    update_url_query,
 )

@@ -417,6 +418,10 @@ class AbemaTVIE(AbemaTVBaseIE):
            'is_live': is_live,
            'availability': availability,
        })
+
+        if thumbnail := update_url(self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=''), query=None):
+            info['thumbnails'] = [{'url': thumbnail}]
+
        return info


--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/agora.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/agora.py
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ class TokFMPodcastIE(InfoExtractor):
        'url': 'https://audycje.tokfm.pl/podcast/91275,-Systemowy-rasizm-Czy-zamieszki-w-USA-po-morderstwie-w-Minneapolis-doprowadza-do-zmian-w-sluzbach-panstwowych',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '91275',
-            'ext': 'aac',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
            'title': 'md5:a9b15488009065556900169fb8061cce',
            'episode': 'md5:a9b15488009065556900169fb8061cce',
            'series': 'Analizy',
@@ -164,23 +164,20 @@ class TokFMPodcastIE(InfoExtractor):
            raise ExtractorError('No such podcast', expected=True)
        metadata = metadata[0]

-        formats = []
-        for ext in ('aac', 'mp3'):
-            url_data = self._download_json(
-                f'https://api.podcast.radioagora.pl/api4/getSongUrl?podcast_id={media_id}&device_id={uuid.uuid4()}&ppre=false&audio={ext}',
-                media_id, f'Downloading podcast {ext} URL')
-            # prevents inserting the mp3 (default) multiple times
-            if 'link_ssl' in url_data and f'.{ext}' in url_data['link_ssl']:
-                formats.append({
-                    'url': url_data['link_ssl'],
-                    'ext': ext,
-                    'vcodec': 'none',
-                    'acodec': ext,
-                })
+        mp3_url = self._download_json(
+            'https://api.podcast.radioagora.pl/api4/getSongUrl',
+            media_id, 'Downloading podcast mp3 URL', query={
+                'podcast_id': media_id,
+                'device_id': str(uuid.uuid4()),
+                'ppre': 'false',
+                'audio': 'mp3',
+            })['link_ssl']

        return {
            'id': media_id,
-            'formats': formats,
+            'url': mp3_url,
+            'vcodec': 'none',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
            'title': metadata.get('podcast_name'),
            'series': metadata.get('series_name'),
            'episode': metadata.get('podcast_name'),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/atresplayer.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/atresplayer.py
@@ -1,64 +1,105 @@
+import urllib.parse
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..networking.exceptions import HTTPError
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    int_or_none,
+    parse_age_limit,
+    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class AtresPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?atresplayer\.com/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/[^/]+/(?P<display_id>.+?)_(?P<id>[0-9a-f]{24})'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?atresplayer\.com/(?:[^/?#]+/){4}(?P<display_id>.+?)_(?P<id>[0-9a-f]{24})'
    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'atresplayer'
-    _TESTS = [
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.atresplayer.com/antena3/series/pequenas-coincidencias/temporada-1/capitulo-7-asuntos-pendientes_5d4aa2c57ed1a88fc715a615/',
-            'info_dict': {
-                'id': '5d4aa2c57ed1a88fc715a615',
-                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'title': 'Capítulo 7: Asuntos pendientes',
-                'description': 'md5:7634cdcb4d50d5381bedf93efb537fbc',
-                'duration': 3413,
-            },
-            'skip': 'This video is only available for registered users',
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.atresplayer.com/lasexta/programas/el-objetivo/clips/mbappe-describe-como-entrenador-a-carlo-ancelotti-sabe-cuando-tiene-que-ser-padre-jefe-amigo-entrenador_67f2dfb2fb6ab0e4c7203849/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'id': '67f2dfb2fb6ab0e4c7203849',
+            'display_id': 'md5:c203f8d4e425ed115ba56a1c6e4b3e6c',
+            'title': 'Mbappé describe como entrenador a Carlo Ancelotti: "Sabe cuándo tiene que ser padre, jefe, amigo, entrenador..."',
+            'channel': 'laSexta',
+            'duration': 31,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://imagenes.atresplayer.com/atp/clipping/cmsimages02/2025/04/06/B02DBE1E-D59B-4683-8404-1A9595D15269/1920x1080.jpg',
+            'tags': ['Entrevista informativa', 'Actualidad', 'Debate informativo', 'Política', 'Economía', 'Sociedad', 'Cara a cara', 'Análisis', 'Más periodismo'],
+            'series': 'El Objetivo',
+            'season': 'Temporada 12',
+            'timestamp': 1743970079,
+            'upload_date': '20250406',
        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.atresplayer.com/lasexta/programas/el-club-de-la-comedia/temporada-4/capitulo-10-especial-solidario-nochebuena_5ad08edf986b2855ed47adc4/',
-            'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.atresplayer.com/antena3/programas/el-hormiguero/clips/revive-la-entrevista-completa-a-miguel-bose-en-el-hormiguero_67f836baa4a5b0e4147ca59a/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'id': '67f836baa4a5b0e4147ca59a',
+            'display_id': 'revive-la-entrevista-completa-a-miguel-bose-en-el-hormiguero',
+            'title': 'Revive la entrevista completa a Miguel Bosé en El Hormiguero',
+            'description': 'md5:c6d2b591408d45a7bc2986dfb938eb72',
+            'channel': 'Antena 3',
+            'duration': 2556,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://imagenes.atresplayer.com/atp/clipping/cmsimages02/2025/04/10/9076395F-F1FD-48BE-9F18-540DBA10EBAD/1920x1080.jpg',
+            'tags': ['Entrevista', 'Variedades', 'Humor', 'Entretenimiento', 'Te sigo', 'Buen rollo', 'Cara a cara'],
+            'series': 'El Hormiguero ',
+            'season': 'Temporada 14',
+            'timestamp': 1744320111,
+            'upload_date': '20250410',
        },
-        {
-            'url': 'https://www.atresplayer.com/antena3/series/el-secreto-de-puente-viejo/el-chico-de-los-tres-lunares/capitulo-977-29-12-14_5ad51046986b2886722ccdea/',
-            'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.atresplayer.com/flooxer/series/biara-proyecto-lazarus/temporada-1/capitulo-3-supervivientes_67a6038b64ceca00070f4f69/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'id': '67a6038b64ceca00070f4f69',
+            'display_id': 'capitulo-3-supervivientes',
+            'title': 'Capítulo 3: Supervivientes',
+            'description': 'md5:65b231f20302f776c2b0dd24594599a1',
+            'channel': 'Flooxer',
+            'duration': 1196,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://imagenes.atresplayer.com/atp/clipping/cmsimages01/2025/02/14/17CF90D3-FE67-40C5-A941-7825B3E13992/1920x1080.jpg',
+            'tags': ['Juvenil', 'Terror', 'Piel de gallina', 'Te sigo', 'Un break', 'Del tirón'],
+            'series': 'BIARA: Proyecto Lázarus',
+            'season': 'Temporada 1',
+            'season_number': 1,
+            'episode': 'Episode 3',
+            'episode_number': 3,
+            'timestamp': 1743095191,
+            'upload_date': '20250327',
        },
-    ]
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.atresplayer.com/lasexta/programas/el-club-de-la-comedia/temporada-4/capitulo-10-especial-solidario-nochebuena_5ad08edf986b2855ed47adc4/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.atresplayer.com/antena3/series/el-secreto-de-puente-viejo/el-chico-de-los-tres-lunares/capitulo-977-29-12-14_5ad51046986b2886722ccdea/',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
    _API_BASE = 'https://api.atresplayer.com/'

    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        self._request_webpage(
-            self._API_BASE + 'login', None, 'Downloading login page')
-
        try:
-            target_url = self._download_json(
-                'https://account.atresmedia.com/api/login', None,
-                'Logging in', headers={
-                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-                }, data=urlencode_postdata({
+            self._download_webpage(
+                'https://account.atresplayer.com/auth/v1/login', None,
+                'Logging in', 'Failed to log in', data=urlencode_postdata({
                    'username': username,
                    'password': password,
-                }))['targetUrl']
+                }))
        except ExtractorError as e:
            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400:
                raise ExtractorError('Invalid username and/or password', expected=True)
            raise

-        self._request_webpage(target_url, None, 'Following Target URL')
-
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        display_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()

+        metadata_url = self._download_json(
+            self._API_BASE + 'client/v1/url', video_id, 'Downloading API endpoint data',
+            query={'href': urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path})['href']
+        metadata = self._download_json(metadata_url, video_id)
+
        try:
-            episode = self._download_json(
-                self._API_BASE + 'client/v1/player/episode/' + video_id, video_id)
+            video_data = self._download_json(metadata['urlVideo'], video_id, 'Downloading video data')
        except ExtractorError as e:
            if isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 403:
                error = self._parse_json(e.cause.response.read(), None)
@@ -67,37 +108,45 @@ class AtresPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
                raise ExtractorError(error['error_description'], expected=True)
            raise

-        title = episode['titulo']
-
        formats = []
        subtitles = {}
-        for source in episode.get('sources', []):
-            src = source.get('src')
-            if not src:
-                continue
+        for source in traverse_obj(video_data, ('sources', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['src']))):
+            src_url = source['src']
            src_type = source.get('type')
-            if src_type == 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl':
-                formats, subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    src, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
-                    m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
-            elif src_type == 'application/dash+xml':
-                formats, subtitles = self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                    src, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
-
-        heartbeat = episode.get('heartbeat') or {}
-        omniture = episode.get('omniture') or {}
-        get_meta = lambda x: heartbeat.get(x) or omniture.get(x)
+            if src_type in ('application/vnd.apple.mpegurl', 'application/hls+legacy', 'application/hls+hevc'):
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    src_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            elif src_type in ('application/dash+xml', 'application/dash+hevc'):
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                    src_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            else:
+                continue
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)

        return {
            'display_id': display_id,
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'description': episode.get('descripcion'),
-            'thumbnail': episode.get('imgPoster'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(episode.get('duration')),
            'formats': formats,
-            'channel': get_meta('channel'),
-            'season': get_meta('season'),
-            'episode_number': int_or_none(get_meta('episodeNumber')),
            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'title': ('titulo', {str}),
+                'description': ('descripcion', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('imgPoster', {url_or_none}, {lambda v: f'{v}1920x1080.jpg'}),
+                'age_limit': ('ageRating', {parse_age_limit}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., 'title', {str}),
+                'age_limit': ('ageRating', {parse_age_limit}),
+                'series': ('format', 'title', {str}),
+                'season': ('currentSeason', 'title', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('currentSeason', 'seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_number': ('numberOfEpisode', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('publicationDate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                'channel': ('channel', 'title', {str}),
+            }),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/bpb.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    join_nonempty,
    js_to_json,
    mimetype2ext,
+    parse_resolution,
    unified_strdate,
    url_or_none,
    urljoin,
@@ -110,24 +111,23 @@ class BpbIE(InfoExtractor):

        return attributes

-    @staticmethod
-    def _process_source(source):
+    def _process_source(self, source):
        url = url_or_none(source['src'])
        if not url:
            return None

        source_type = source.get('type', '')
        extension = mimetype2ext(source_type)
-        is_video = source_type.startswith('video')
-        note = url.rpartition('.')[0].rpartition('_')[2] if is_video else None
+        note = self._search_regex(r'[_-]([a-z]+)\.[\da-z]+(?:$|\?)', url, 'note', default=None)

        return {
            'url': url,
            'ext': extension,
-            'vcodec': None if is_video else 'none',
+            'vcodec': None if source_type.startswith('video') else 'none',
            'quality': 10 if note == 'high' else 0,
            'format_note': note,
            'format_id': join_nonempty(extension, note),
+            **parse_resolution(source.get('label')),
        }

    def _real_extract(self, url):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/cda.py
@@ -13,16 +13,17 @@ from ..compat import compat_ord
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    OnDemandPagedList,
+    determine_ext,
    float_or_none,
    int_or_none,
    merge_dicts,
    multipart_encode,
    parse_duration,
-    traverse_obj,
    try_call,
-    try_get,
+    url_or_none,
    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class CDAIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -290,34 +291,47 @@ class CDAIE(InfoExtractor):
            if not video or 'file' not in video:
                self.report_warning(f'Unable to extract {version} version information')
                return
-            if video['file'].startswith('uggc'):
-                video['file'] = codecs.decode(video['file'], 'rot_13')
-                if video['file'].endswith('adc.mp4'):
-                    video['file'] = video['file'].replace('adc.mp4', '.mp4')
-            elif not video['file'].startswith('http'):
-                video['file'] = decrypt_file(video['file'])
            video_quality = video.get('quality')
            qualities = video.get('qualities', {})
            video_quality = next((k for k, v in qualities.items() if v == video_quality), video_quality)
-            info_dict['formats'].append({
-                'url': video['file'],
-                'format_id': video_quality,
-                'height': int_or_none(video_quality[:-1]),
-            })
+            if video.get('file'):
+                if video['file'].startswith('uggc'):
+                    video['file'] = codecs.decode(video['file'], 'rot_13')
+                    if video['file'].endswith('adc.mp4'):
+                        video['file'] = video['file'].replace('adc.mp4', '.mp4')
+                elif not video['file'].startswith('http'):
+                    video['file'] = decrypt_file(video['file'])
+                info_dict['formats'].append({
+                    'url': video['file'],
+                    'format_id': video_quality,
+                    'height': int_or_none(video_quality[:-1]),
+                })
            for quality, cda_quality in qualities.items():
                if quality == video_quality:
                    continue
                data = {'jsonrpc': '2.0', 'method': 'videoGetLink', 'id': 2,
                        'params': [video_id, cda_quality, video.get('ts'), video.get('hash2'), {}]}
                data = json.dumps(data).encode()
-                video_url = self._download_json(
+                response = self._download_json(
                    f'https://www.cda.pl/video/{video_id}', video_id, headers={
                        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
                        'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
                    }, data=data, note=f'Fetching {quality} url',
                    errnote=f'Failed to fetch {quality} url', fatal=False)
-                if try_get(video_url, lambda x: x['result']['status']) == 'ok':
-                    video_url = try_get(video_url, lambda x: x['result']['resp'])
+                if (
+                    traverse_obj(response, ('result', 'status')) != 'ok'
+                    or not traverse_obj(response, ('result', 'resp', {url_or_none}))
+                ):
+                    continue
+                video_url = response['result']['resp']
+                ext = determine_ext(video_url)
+                if ext == 'mpd':
+                    info_dict['formats'].extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
+                        video_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False))
+                elif ext == 'm3u8':
+                    info_dict['formats'].extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                        video_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
+                else:
                    info_dict['formats'].append({
                        'url': video_url,
                        'format_id': quality,
@@ -353,7 +367,7 @@ class CDAIE(InfoExtractor):

 class CDAFolderIE(InfoExtractor):
    _MAX_PAGE_SIZE = 36
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cda\.pl/(?P<channel>\w+)/folder/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?cda\.pl/(?P<channel>[\w-]+)/folder/(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [
        {
            'url': 'https://www.cda.pl/domino264/folder/31188385',
@@ -378,6 +392,9 @@ class CDAFolderIE(InfoExtractor):
                'title': 'TESTY KOSMETYKÓW',
            },
            'playlist_mincount': 139,
+        }, {
+            'url': 'https://www.cda.pl/FILMY-SERIALE-ANIME-KRESKOWKI-BAJKI/folder/18493422',
+            'only_matching': True,
        }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/common.py
@@ -1570,6 +1570,8 @@ class InfoExtractor:
        """Yield all json ld objects in the html"""
        if default is not NO_DEFAULT:
            fatal = False
+        if not fatal and not isinstance(html, str):
+            return
        for mobj in re.finditer(JSON_LD_RE, html):
            json_ld_item = self._parse_json(
                mobj.group('json_ld'), video_id, fatal=fatal,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/crowdbunker.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/crowdbunker.py
@@ -5,7 +5,9 @@ from ..utils import (
    int_or_none,
    try_get,
    unified_strdate,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class CrowdBunkerIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -44,16 +46,15 @@ class CrowdBunkerIE(InfoExtractor):
                'url': sub_url,
            })

-        mpd_url = try_get(video_json, lambda x: x['dashManifest']['url'])
-        if mpd_url:
-            fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(mpd_url, video_id)
+        if mpd_url := traverse_obj(video_json, ('dashManifest', 'url', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(mpd_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
            formats.extend(fmts)
-            subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
-        m3u8_url = try_get(video_json, lambda x: x['hlsManifest']['url'])
-        if m3u8_url:
-            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(mpd_url, video_id)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        if m3u8_url := traverse_obj(video_json, ('hlsManifest', 'url', {url_or_none})):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(m3u8_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
            formats.extend(fmts)
-            subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)

        thumbnails = [{
            'url': image['url'],
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dacast.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    classproperty,
    float_or_none,
+    parse_qs,
    traverse_obj,
    url_or_none,
 )
@@ -91,11 +92,15 @@ class DacastVODIE(DacastBaseIE):
        # Rotates every so often, but hardcode a fallback in case of JS change/breakage before rotation
        return self._search_regex(
            r'\bUSP_SIGNING_SECRET\s*=\s*(["\'])(?P<secret>(?:(?!\1).)+)', player_js,
-            'usp signing secret', group='secret', fatal=False) or 'odnInCGqhvtyRTtIiddxtuRtawYYICZP'
+            'usp signing secret', group='secret', fatal=False) or 'hGDtqMKYVeFdofrAfFmBcrsakaZELajI'

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        user_id, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user_id', 'id')
-        query = {'contentId': f'{user_id}-vod-{video_id}', 'provider': 'universe'}
+        query = {
+            'contentId': f'{user_id}-vod-{video_id}',
+            'provider': 'universe',
+            **traverse_obj(url, ({parse_qs}, 'uss_token', {'signedKey': -1})),
+        }
        info = self._download_json(self._API_INFO_URL, video_id, query=query, fatal=False)
        access = self._download_json(
            'https://playback.dacast.com/content/access', video_id,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/dreisat.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/dreisat.py
@@ -1,9 +1,15 @@
 from .zdf import ZDFBaseIE
+from ..utils import (
+    int_or_none,
+    merge_dicts,
+    parse_iso8601,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj


 class DreiSatIE(ZDFBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = '3sat'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?3sat\.de/(?:[^/]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)\.html'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?3sat\.de/(?:[^/?#]+/)*(?P<id>[^/?#&]+)\.html'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/dokumentation/reise/traumziele-suedostasiens-die-philippinen-und-vietnam-102.html',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -12,40 +18,59 @@ class DreiSatIE(ZDFBaseIE):
            'title': 'Traumziele Südostasiens (1/2): Die Philippinen und Vietnam',
            'description': 'md5:26329ce5197775b596773b939354079d',
            'duration': 2625.0,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://www.3sat.de/assets/traumziele-suedostasiens-die-philippinen-und-vietnam-100~2400x1350?cb=1699870351148',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.3sat.de/assets/traumziele-suedostasiens-die-philippinen-und-vietnam-100~original?cb=1699870351148',
            'episode': 'Traumziele Südostasiens (1/2): Die Philippinen und Vietnam',
            'episode_id': 'POS_cc7ff51c-98cf-4d12-b99d-f7a551de1c95',
-            'timestamp': 1738593000,
-            'upload_date': '20250203',
+            'timestamp': 1747920900,
+            'upload_date': '20250522',
        },
    }, {
-        # Same as https://www.zdf.de/dokumentation/ab-18/10-wochen-sommer-102.html
-        'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/film/ab-18/10-wochen-sommer-108.html',
-        'md5': '0aff3e7bc72c8813f5e0fae333316a1d',
+        'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/film/ab-18/ab-18---mein-fremdes-ich-100.html',
+        'md5': 'f92638413a11d759bdae95c9d8ec165c',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '141007_ab18_10wochensommer_film',
+            'id': '221128_mein_fremdes_ich2_ab18',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Ab 18! - 10 Wochen Sommer',
-            'description': 'md5:8253f41dc99ce2c3ff892dac2d65fe26',
-            'duration': 2660,
-            'timestamp': 1608604200,
-            'upload_date': '20201222',
+            'title': 'Ab 18! - Mein fremdes Ich',
+            'description': 'md5:cae0c0b27b7426d62ca0dda181738bf0',
+            'duration': 2625.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.3sat.de/assets/ab-18---mein-fremdes-ich-106~original?cb=1666081865812',
+            'episode': 'Ab 18! - Mein fremdes Ich',
+            'episode_id': 'POS_6225d1ca-a0d5-45e3-870b-e783ee6c8a3f',
+            'timestamp': 1695081600,
+            'upload_date': '20230919',
        },
-        'skip': '410 Gone',
    }, {
-        'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/gesellschaft/schweizweit/waidmannsheil-100.html',
+        'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/gesellschaft/37-grad-leben/aus-dem-leben-gerissen-102.html',
+        'md5': 'a903eaf8d1fd635bd3317cd2ad87ec84',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '140913_sendung_schweizweit',
+            'id': '250323_0903_sendung_sgl',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Waidmannsheil',
-            'description': 'md5:cce00ca1d70e21425e72c86a98a56817',
-            'timestamp': 1410623100,
-            'upload_date': '20140913',
+            'title': 'Plötzlich ohne dich',
+            'description': 'md5:380cc10659289dd91510ad8fa717c66b',
+            'duration': 1620.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.3sat.de/assets/37-grad-leben-106~original?cb=1645537156810',
+            'episode': 'Plötzlich ohne dich',
+            'episode_id': 'POS_faa7a93c-c0f2-4d51-823f-ce2ac3ee191b',
+            'timestamp': 1743162540,
+            'upload_date': '20250328',
        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
+    }, {
+        # Video with chapters
+        'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/kultur/buchmesse/dein-buch-das-beste-von-der-leipziger-buchmesse-2025-teil-1-100.html',
+        'md5': '6b95790ce52e75f0d050adcdd2711ee6',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '250330_dein_buch1_bum',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'dein buch  - Das Beste von der Leipziger Buchmesse 2025 - Teil 1',
+            'description': 'md5:bae51bfc22f15563ce3acbf97d2e8844',
+            'duration': 5399.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.3sat.de/assets/buchmesse-kerkeling-100~original?cb=1743329640903',
+            'chapters': 'count:24',
+            'episode': 'dein buch  - Das Beste von der Leipziger Buchmesse 2025 - Teil 1',
+            'episode_id': 'POS_1ef236cc-b390-401e-acd0-4fb4b04315fb',
+            'timestamp': 1743327000,
+            'upload_date': '20250330',
        },
-        'skip': '404 Not Found',
    }, {
        # Same as https://www.zdf.de/filme/filme-sonstige/der-hauptmann-112.html
        'url': 'https://www.3sat.de/film/spielfilm/der-hauptmann-100.html',
@@ -58,11 +83,42 @@ class DreiSatIE(ZDFBaseIE):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        player = self._search_json(
+            r'data-zdfplayer-jsb=(["\'])', webpage, 'player JSON', video_id)
+        player_url = player['content']
+        api_token = f'Bearer {player["apiToken"]}'

-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id, fatal=False)
-        if webpage:
-            player = self._extract_player(webpage, url, fatal=False)
-            if player:
-                return self._extract_regular(url, player, video_id)
+        content = self._call_api(player_url, video_id, 'video metadata', api_token)

-        return self._extract_mobile(video_id)
+        video_target = content['mainVideoContent']['http://zdf.de/rels/target']
+        ptmd_path = traverse_obj(video_target, (
+            (('streams', 'default'), None),
+            ('http://zdf.de/rels/streams/ptmd', 'http://zdf.de/rels/streams/ptmd-template'),
+            {str}, any, {require('ptmd path')}))
+        ptmd_url = self._expand_ptmd_template(player_url, ptmd_path)
+        aspect_ratio = self._parse_aspect_ratio(video_target.get('aspectRatio'))
+        info = self._extract_ptmd(ptmd_url, video_id, api_token, aspect_ratio)
+
+        return merge_dicts(info, {
+            **traverse_obj(content, {
+                'title': (('title', 'teaserHeadline'), {str}, any),
+                'episode': (('title', 'teaserHeadline'), {str}, any),
+                'description': (('leadParagraph', 'teasertext'), {str}, any),
+                'timestamp': ('editorialDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(video_target, {
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'chapters': ('streamAnchorTag', {self._extract_chapters}),
+            }),
+            'thumbnails': self._extract_thumbnails(traverse_obj(content, ('teaserImageRef', 'layouts', {dict}))),
+            **traverse_obj(content, ('programmeItem', 0, 'http://zdf.de/rels/target', {
+                'series_id': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/series', 'seriesUuid', {str}),
+                'series': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/series', 'seriesTitle', {str}),
+                'season': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/season', 'seasonTitle', {str}),
+                'season_number': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/season', 'seasonNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'season_id': ('http://zdf.de/rels/cmdm/season', 'seasonUuid', {str}),
+                'episode_number': ('episodeNumber', {int_or_none}),
+                'episode_id': ('contentId', {str}),
+            })),
+        })
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/generic.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from ..utils import (
    MEDIA_EXTENSIONS,
    ExtractorError,
    UnsupportedError,
-    base_url,
    determine_ext,
    determine_protocol,
    dict_get,
@@ -38,6 +37,7 @@ from ..utils import (
    unescapeHTML,
    unified_timestamp,
    unsmuggle_url,
+    update_url,
    update_url_query,
    url_or_none,
    urlhandle_detect_ext,
@@ -2538,12 +2538,13 @@ class GenericIE(InfoExtractor):
                return self.playlist_result(
                    self._parse_xspf(
                        doc, video_id, xspf_url=url,
-                        xspf_base_url=full_response.url),
+                        xspf_base_url=new_url),
                    video_id)
            elif re.match(r'(?i)^(?:{[^}]+})?MPD$', doc.tag):
                info_dict['formats'], info_dict['subtitles'] = self._parse_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
                    doc,
-                    mpd_base_url=base_url(full_response.url),
+                    # Do not use yt_dlp.utils.base_url here since it will raise on file:// URLs
+                    mpd_base_url=update_url(new_url, query=None, fragment=None).rpartition('/')[0],
                    mpd_url=url)
                info_dict['live_status'] = 'is_live' if doc.get('type') == 'dynamic' else None
                self._extra_manifest_info(info_dict, url)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/getcourseru.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class GetCourseRuPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://player02\.getcourse\.ru/sign-player/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?json=[^#&]+'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:player02\.getcourse\.ru|cf-api-2\.vhcdn\.com)/sign-player/?\?(?:[^#]+&)?json=[^#&]+'
    _EMBED_REGEX = [rf'<iframe[^>]+\bsrc=[\'"](?P<url>{_VALID_URL}[^\'"]*)']
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'http://player02.getcourse.ru/sign-player/?json=eyJ2aWRlb19oYXNoIjoiMTkwYmRmOTNmMWIyOTczNTMwOTg1M2E3YTE5ZTI0YjMiLCJ1c2VyX2lkIjozNTk1MjUxODMsInN1Yl9sb2dpbl91c2VyX2lkIjpudWxsLCJsZXNzb25faWQiOm51bGwsImlwIjoiNDYuMTQyLjE4Mi4yNDciLCJnY19ob3N0IjoiYWNhZGVteW1lbC5vbmxpbmUiLCJ0aW1lIjoxNzA1NDQ5NjQyLCJwYXlsb2FkIjoidV8zNTk1MjUxODMiLCJ1aV9sYW5ndWFnZSI6InJ1IiwiaXNfaGF2ZV9jdXN0b21fc3R5bGUiOnRydWV9&s=354ad2c993d95d5ac629e3133d6cefea&vh-static-feature=zigzag',
@@ -20,6 +20,16 @@ class GetCourseRuPlayerIE(InfoExtractor):
            'duration': 1693,
        },
        'skip': 'JWT expired',
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://cf-api-2.vhcdn.com/sign-player/?json=example',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '435735291',
+            'title': '8afd7c489952108e00f019590f3711f3',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://preview-htz.vhcdn.com/preview/8afd7c489952108e00f019590f3711f3/preview.jpg?version=1682170973&host=vh-72',
+            'duration': 777,
+        },
+        'skip': 'JWT expired',
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -168,7 +178,7 @@ class GetCourseRuIE(InfoExtractor):

        playlist_id = self._search_regex(
            r'window\.(?:lessonId|gcsObjectId)\s*=\s*(\d+)', webpage, 'playlist id', default=display_id)
-        title = self._og_search_title(webpage) or self._html_extract_title(webpage)
+        title = self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None) or self._html_extract_title(webpage)

        return self.playlist_from_matches(
            re.findall(GetCourseRuPlayerIE._EMBED_REGEX[0], webpage),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/ivoox.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/ivoox.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import int_or_none, parse_iso8601, url_or_none, urljoin
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class IvooxIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = (
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?ivoox\.com/(?:\w{2}/)?[^/?#]+_rf_(?P<id>[0-9]+)_1\.html',
+        r'https?://go\.ivoox\.com/rf/(?P<id>[0-9]+)',
+    )
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.ivoox.com/dex-08x30-rostros-del-mal-los-asesinos-en-audios-mp3_rf_143594959_1.html',
+        'md5': '993f712de5b7d552459fc66aa3726885',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '143594959',
+            'ext': 'mp3',
+            'timestamp': 1742731200,
+            'channel': 'DIAS EXTRAÑOS con Santiago Camacho',
+            'title': 'DEx 08x30 Rostros del mal: Los asesinos en serie que aterrorizaron España',
+            'description': 'md5:eae8b4b9740d0216d3871390b056bb08',
+            'uploader': 'Santiago Camacho',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static-1.ivoox.com/audios/c/d/5/2/cd52f46783fe735000c33a803dce2554_XXL.jpg',
+            'upload_date': '20250323',
+            'episode': 'DEx 08x30 Rostros del mal: Los asesinos en serie que aterrorizaron España',
+            'duration': 11837,
+            'tags': ['españa', 'asesinos en serie', 'arropiero', 'historia criminal', 'mataviejas'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://go.ivoox.com/rf/143594959',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.ivoox.com/en/campodelgas-28-03-2025-audios-mp3_rf_144036942_1.html',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        media_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, media_id, fatal=False)
+
+        data = self._search_nuxt_data(
+            webpage, media_id, fatal=False, traverse=('data', 0, 'data', 'audio'))
+
+        direct_download = self._download_json(
+            f'https://vcore-web.ivoox.com/v1/public/audios/{media_id}/download-url', media_id, fatal=False,
+            note='Fetching direct download link', headers={'Referer': url})
+
+        download_paths = {
+            *traverse_obj(direct_download, ('data', 'downloadUrl', {str}, filter, all)),
+            *traverse_obj(data, (('downloadUrl', 'mediaUrl'), {str}, filter)),
+        }
+
+        formats = []
+        for path in download_paths:
+            formats.append({
+                'url': urljoin('https://ivoox.com', path),
+                'http_headers': {'Referer': url},
+            })
+
+        return {
+            'id': media_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'uploader': self._html_search_regex(r'data-prm-author="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'author', default=None),
+            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(
+                self._html_search_regex(r'data-prm-pubdate="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'timestamp', default=None)),
+            'channel': self._html_search_regex(r'data-prm-podname="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'channel', default=None),
+            'title': self._html_search_regex(r'data-prm-title="([^"]+)"', webpage, 'title', default=None),
+            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None),
+            'description': self._og_search_description(webpage, default=None),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, media_id, default={}),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('uploadDate', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
+            }),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/kika.py
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import itertools
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    determine_ext,
@@ -124,3 +126,43 @@ class KikaIE(InfoExtractor):
                        'vbr': ('bitrateVideo', {int_or_none}, {lambda x: None if x == -1 else x}),
                    }),
                }
+
+
+class KikaPlaylistIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?kika\.de/[\w-]+/(?P<id>[a-z-]+\d+)'
+
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.kika.de/logo/logo-die-welt-und-ich-562',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'logo-die-welt-und-ich-562',
+            'title': 'logo!',
+            'description': 'md5:7b9d7f65561b82fa512f2cfb553c397d',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 100,
+    }]
+
+    def _entries(self, playlist_url, playlist_id):
+        for page in itertools.count(1):
+            data = self._download_json(playlist_url, playlist_id, note=f'Downloading page {page}')
+            for item in traverse_obj(data, ('content', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['api']['url']))):
+                yield self.url_result(
+                    item['api']['url'], ie=KikaIE,
+                    **traverse_obj(item, {
+                        'id': ('id', {str}),
+                        'title': ('title', {str}),
+                        'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
+                        'timestamp': ('date', {parse_iso8601}),
+                    }))
+
+            playlist_url = traverse_obj(data, ('links', 'next', {url_or_none}))
+            if not playlist_url:
+                break
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        playlist_id = self._match_id(url)
+        brand_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.kika.de/_next-api/proxy/v1/brands/{playlist_id}', playlist_id)
+
+        return self.playlist_result(
+            self._entries(brand_data['videoSubchannel']['videosPageUrl'], playlist_id),
+            playlist_id, title=brand_data.get('title'), description=brand_data.get('description'))
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/linkedin.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/linkedin.py
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import itertools
+import json
 import re

 from .common import InfoExtractor
@@ -9,12 +10,12 @@ from ..utils import (
    int_or_none,
    mimetype2ext,
    srt_subtitles_timecode,
-    traverse_obj,
    try_get,
    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_elements, require, traverse_obj


 class LinkedInBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -82,7 +83,10 @@ class LinkedInLearningBaseIE(LinkedInBaseIE):


 class LinkedInIE(LinkedInBaseIE):
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?linkedin\.com/posts/[^/?#]+-(?P<id>\d+)-\w{4}/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?linkedin\.com/posts/[^/?#]+-(?P<id>\d+)-\w{4}/?(?:[?#]|$)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?linkedin\.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:(?P<id>\d+)',
+    ]
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.linkedin.com/posts/mishalkhawaja_sendinblueviews-toronto-digitalmarketing-ugcPost-6850898786781339649-mM20',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -106,6 +110,9 @@ class LinkedInIE(LinkedInBaseIE):
            'like_count': int,
            'subtitles': 'mincount:1',
        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.linkedin.com/feed/update/urn:li:activity:7016901149999955968/?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop',
+        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
@@ -271,3 +278,110 @@ class LinkedInLearningCourseIE(LinkedInLearningBaseIE):
            entries, course_slug,
            course_data.get('title'),
            course_data.get('description'))
+
+
+class LinkedInEventsIE(LinkedInBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'linkedin:events'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?linkedin\.com/events/(?P<id>[\w-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://www.linkedin.com/events/7084656651378536448/comments/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7084656651378536448',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '#37 Aprende a hacer una entrevista en inglés para tu próximo trabajo remoto',
+            'description': '¡Agarra para anotar que se viene tremendo evento!',
+            'duration': 1765,
+            'timestamp': 1689113772,
+            'upload_date': '20230711',
+            'release_timestamp': 1689174012,
+            'release_date': '20230712',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.linkedin.com/events/27-02energyfreedombyenergyclub7295762520814874625/comments/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '27-02energyfreedombyenergyclub7295762520814874625',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '27.02 Energy Freedom by Energy Club',
+            'description': 'md5:1292e6f31df998914c293787a02c3b91',
+            'duration': 6420,
+            'timestamp': 1739445333,
+            'upload_date': '20250213',
+            'release_timestamp': 1740657620,
+            'release_date': '20250227',
+            'live_status': 'was_live',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_initialize(self):
+        if not self._get_cookies('https://www.linkedin.com/').get('li_at'):
+            self.raise_login_required()
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        event_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, event_id)
+
+        base_data = traverse_obj(webpage, (
+            {find_elements(tag='code', attr='style', value='display: none')}, ..., {json.loads}, 'included', ...))
+        meta_data = traverse_obj(base_data, (
+            lambda _, v: v['$type'] == 'com.linkedin.voyager.dash.events.ProfessionalEvent', any)) or {}
+
+        live_status = {
+            'PAST': 'was_live',
+            'ONGOING': 'is_live',
+            'FUTURE': 'is_upcoming',
+        }.get(meta_data.get('lifecycleState'))
+
+        if live_status == 'is_upcoming':
+            player_data = {}
+            if event_time := traverse_obj(meta_data, ('displayEventTime', {str})):
+                message = f'This live event is scheduled for {event_time}'
+            else:
+                message = 'This live event has not yet started'
+            self.raise_no_formats(message, expected=True, video_id=event_id)
+        else:
+            # TODO: Add support for audio-only live events
+            player_data = traverse_obj(base_data, (
+                lambda _, v: v['$type'] == 'com.linkedin.videocontent.VideoPlayMetadata',
+                any, {require('video player data')}))
+
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        for prog_fmts in traverse_obj(player_data, ('progressiveStreams', ..., {dict})):
+            for fmt_url in traverse_obj(prog_fmts, ('streamingLocations', ..., 'url', {url_or_none})):
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': fmt_url,
+                    **traverse_obj(prog_fmts, {
+                        'width': ('width', {int_or_none}),
+                        'height': ('height', {int_or_none}),
+                        'tbr': ('bitRate', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                        'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                        'ext': ('mediaType', {mimetype2ext}),
+                    }),
+                })
+
+        for m3u8_url in traverse_obj(player_data, (
+            'adaptiveStreams', lambda _, v: v['protocol'] == 'HLS', 'masterPlaylists', ..., 'url', {url_or_none},
+        )):
+            fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                m3u8_url, event_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            formats.extend(fmts)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
+        return {
+            'id': event_id,
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            **traverse_obj(meta_data, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', 'text', {str}),
+                'timestamp': ('createdAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                # timeRange.start is available when the stream is_upcoming
+                'release_timestamp': ('timeRange', 'start', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(player_data, {
+                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+                # liveStreamCreatedAt is only available when the stream is_live or was_live
+                'release_timestamp': ('liveStreamCreatedAt', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            }),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/loco.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/loco.py
@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
+import json
+import random
+import time
+
 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import int_or_none, url_or_none
+from ..utils import int_or_none, jwt_decode_hs256, try_call, url_or_none
 from ..utils.traversal import require, traverse_obj


@@ -55,13 +59,81 @@ class LocoIE(InfoExtractor):
            'upload_date': '20250226',
            'modified_date': '20250226',
        },
+    }, {
+        # Requires video authorization
+        'url': 'https://loco.com/stream/ac854641-ae0f-497c-a8ea-4195f6d8cc53',
+        'md5': '0513edf85c1e65c9521f555f665387d5',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'ac854641-ae0f-497c-a8ea-4195f6d8cc53',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'DUAS CONTAS DESAFIANTE, RUSH TOP 1 NO BRASIL!',
+            'description': 'md5:aa77818edd6fe00dd4b6be75cba5f826',
+            'uploader_id': '7Y9JNAZC3Q',
+            'channel': 'ayellol',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'comment_count': int,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'concurrent_view_count': int,
+            'like_count': int,
+            'duration': 1229,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://static.ivory.getloconow.com/default_thumb/f5aa678b-6d04-45d9-a89a-859af0a8028f.jpg',
+            'tags': ['Gameplay', 'Carry'],
+            'series': 'League of Legends',
+            'timestamp': 1741182253,
+            'upload_date': '20250305',
+            'modified_timestamp': 1741182419,
+            'modified_date': '20250305',
+        },
    }]

+    # From _app.js
+    _CLIENT_ID = 'TlwKp1zmF6eKFpcisn3FyR18WkhcPkZtzwPVEEC3'
+    _CLIENT_SECRET = 'Kp7tYlUN7LXvtcSpwYvIitgYcLparbtsQSe5AdyyCdiEJBP53Vt9J8eB4AsLdChIpcO2BM19RA3HsGtqDJFjWmwoonvMSG3ZQmnS8x1YIM8yl82xMXZGbE3NKiqmgBVU'
+
+    def _is_jwt_expired(self, token):
+        return jwt_decode_hs256(token)['exp'] - time.time() < 300
+
+    def _get_access_token(self, video_id):
+        access_token = try_call(lambda: self._get_cookies('https://loco.com')['access_token'].value)
+        if access_token and not self._is_jwt_expired(access_token):
+            return access_token
+        access_token = traverse_obj(self._download_json(
+            'https://api.getloconow.com/v3/user/device_profile/', video_id,
+            'Downloading access token', fatal=False, data=json.dumps({
+                'platform': 7,
+                'client_id': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                'client_secret': self._CLIENT_SECRET,
+                'model': 'Mozilla',
+                'os_name': 'Win32',
+                'os_ver': '5.0 (Windows)',
+                'app_ver': '5.0 (Windows)',
+            }).encode(), headers={
+                'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8',
+                'DEVICE-ID': ''.join(random.choices('0123456789abcdef', k=32)) + 'live',
+                'X-APP-LANG': 'en',
+                'X-APP-LOCALE': 'en-US',
+                'X-CLIENT-ID': self._CLIENT_ID,
+                'X-CLIENT-SECRET': self._CLIENT_SECRET,
+                'X-PLATFORM': '7',
+            }), 'access_token')
+        if access_token and not self._is_jwt_expired(access_token):
+            self._set_cookie('.loco.com', 'access_token', access_token)
+            return access_token
+
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_type, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('type', 'id')
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
        stream = traverse_obj(self._search_nextjs_data(webpage, video_id), (
-            'props', 'pageProps', ('liveStreamData', 'stream'), {dict}, any, {require('stream info')}))
+            'props', 'pageProps', ('liveStreamData', 'stream', 'liveStream'), {dict}, any, {require('stream info')}))
+
+        if access_token := self._get_access_token(video_id):
+            self._request_webpage(
+                'https://drm.loco.com/v1/streams/playback/', video_id,
+                'Downloading video authorization', fatal=False, headers={
+                    'authorization': access_token,
+                }, query={
+                    'stream_uid': stream['uid'],
+                })

        return {
            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(stream['conf']['hls'], video_id),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/lrt.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/lrt.py
@@ -2,8 +2,11 @@ from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    clean_html,
    merge_dicts,
+    str_or_none,
    traverse_obj,
+    unified_timestamp,
    url_or_none,
+    urljoin,
 )


@@ -80,7 +83,7 @@ class LRTVODIE(LRTBaseIE):
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        path, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).groups()
+        path, video_id = self._match_valid_url(url).group('path', 'id')
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)

        media_url = self._extract_js_var(webpage, 'main_url', path)
@@ -106,3 +109,42 @@ class LRTVODIE(LRTBaseIE):
        }

        return merge_dicts(clean_info, jw_data, json_ld_data)
+
+
+class LRTRadioIE(LRTBaseIE):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?lrt\.lt/radioteka/irasas/(?P<id>\d+)/(?P<path>[^?#/]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        # m3u8 download
+        'url': 'https://www.lrt.lt/radioteka/irasas/2000359728/nemarios-eiles-apie-pragarus-ir-skaistyklas-su-aiste-kiltinaviciute',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '2000359728',
+            'ext': 'm4a',
+            'title': 'Nemarios eilės: apie pragarus ir skaistyklas su Aiste Kiltinavičiūte',
+            'description': 'md5:5eee9a0e86a55bf547bd67596204625d',
+            'timestamp': 1726143120,
+            'upload_date': '20240912',
+            'tags': 'count:5',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.jpe?g',
+            'categories': ['Daiktiniai įrodymai'],
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.lrt.lt/radioteka/irasas/2000304654/vakaras-su-knyga-svetlana-aleksijevic-cernobylio-malda-v-dalis?season=%2Fmediateka%2Faudio%2Fvakaras-su-knyga%2F2023',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id, path = self._match_valid_url(url).group('id', 'path')
+        media = self._download_json(
+            'https://www.lrt.lt/radioteka/api/media', video_id,
+            query={'url': f'/mediateka/irasas/{video_id}/{path}'})
+
+        return traverse_obj(media, {
+            'id': ('id', {int}, {str_or_none}),
+            'title': ('title', {str}),
+            'tags': ('tags', ..., 'name', {str}),
+            'categories': ('playlist_item', 'category', {str}, filter, all, filter),
+            'description': ('content', {clean_html}, {str}),
+            'timestamp': ('date', {lambda x: x.replace('.', '/')}, {unified_timestamp}),
+            'thumbnail': ('playlist_item', 'image', {urljoin('https://www.lrt.lt')}),
+            'formats': ('playlist_item', 'file', {lambda x: self._extract_m3u8_formats(x, video_id)}),
+        })
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/manyvids.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/manyvids.py
@@ -1,31 +1,38 @@
-import re
-
 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
    determine_ext,
-    extract_attributes,
    int_or_none,
-    str_to_int,
+    join_nonempty,
+    parse_count,
+    parse_duration,
+    parse_iso8601,
    url_or_none,
-    urlencode_postdata,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class ManyVidsIE(InfoExtractor):
-    _WORKING = False
    _VALID_URL = r'(?i)https?://(?:www\.)?manyvids\.com/video/(?P<id>\d+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        # preview video
-        'url': 'https://www.manyvids.com/Video/133957/everthing-about-me/',
-        'md5': '03f11bb21c52dd12a05be21a5c7dcc97',
+        'url': 'https://www.manyvids.com/Video/530341/mv-tips-tricks',
+        'md5': '738dc723f7735ee9602f7ea352a6d058',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '133957',
+            'id': '530341-preview',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'everthing about me (Preview)',
-            'uploader': 'ellyxxix',
+            'title': 'MV Tips & Tricks (Preview)',
+            'description': r're:I will take you on a tour around .{1313}$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://cdn5\.manyvids\.com/php_uploads/video_images/DestinyDiaz/.+\.jpg',
+            'uploader': 'DestinyDiaz',
            'view_count': int,
            'like_count': int,
+            'release_timestamp': 1508419904,
+            'tags': ['AdultSchool', 'BBW', 'SFW', 'TeacherFetish'],
+            'release_date': '20171019',
+            'duration': 3167.0,
        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Only extracting preview'],
    }, {
        # full video
        'url': 'https://www.manyvids.com/Video/935718/MY-FACE-REVEAL/',
@@ -34,129 +41,68 @@ class ManyVidsIE(InfoExtractor):
            'id': '935718',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'MY FACE REVEAL',
-            'description': 'md5:ec5901d41808b3746fed90face161612',
+            'description': r're:Today is the day!! I am finally taking off my mask .{445}$',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://ods\.manyvids\.com/1001061960/3aa5397f2a723ec4597e344df66ab845/screenshots/.+\.jpg',
            'uploader': 'Sarah Calanthe',
            'view_count': int,
            'like_count': int,
+            'release_date': '20181110',
+            'tags': ['EyeContact', 'Interviews', 'MaskFetish', 'MouthFetish', 'Redhead'],
+            'release_timestamp': 1541851200,
+            'duration': 224.0,
        },
    }]
+    _API_BASE = 'https://www.manyvids.com/bff/store/video'

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        video_data = self._download_json(f'{self._API_BASE}/{video_id}/private', video_id)['data']
+        formats, preview_only = [], True

-        real_url = f'https://www.manyvids.com/video/{video_id}/gtm.js'
-        try:
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(real_url, video_id)
-        except Exception:
-            # probably useless fallback
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-
-        info = self._search_regex(
-            r'''(<div\b[^>]*\bid\s*=\s*(['"])pageMetaDetails\2[^>]*>)''',
-            webpage, 'meta details', default='')
-        info = extract_attributes(info)
-
-        player = self._search_regex(
-            r'''(<div\b[^>]*\bid\s*=\s*(['"])rmpPlayerStream\2[^>]*>)''',
-            webpage, 'player details', default='')
-        player = extract_attributes(player)
-
-        video_urls_and_ids = (
-            (info.get('data-meta-video'), 'video'),
-            (player.get('data-video-transcoded'), 'transcoded'),
-            (player.get('data-video-filepath'), 'filepath'),
-            (self._og_search_video_url(webpage, secure=False, default=None), 'og_video'),
-        )
-
-        def txt_or_none(s, default=None):
-            return (s.strip() or default) if isinstance(s, str) else default
-
-        uploader = txt_or_none(info.get('data-meta-author'))
-
-        def mung_title(s):
-            if uploader:
-                s = re.sub(rf'^\s*{re.escape(uploader)}\s+[|-]', '', s)
-            return txt_or_none(s)
-
-        title = (
-            mung_title(info.get('data-meta-title'))
-            or self._html_search_regex(
-                (r'<span[^>]+class=["\']item-title[^>]+>([^<]+)',
-                 r'<h2[^>]+class=["\']h2 m-0["\'][^>]*>([^<]+)'),
-                webpage, 'title', default=None)
-            or self._html_search_meta(
-                'twitter:title', webpage, 'title', fatal=True))
-
-        title = re.sub(r'\s*[|-]\s+ManyVids\s*$', '', title) or title
-
-        if any(p in webpage for p in ('preview_videos', '_preview.mp4')):
-            title += ' (Preview)'
-
-        mv_token = self._search_regex(
-            r'data-mvtoken=(["\'])(?P<value>(?:(?!\1).)+)\1', webpage,
-            'mv token', default=None, group='value')
-
-        if mv_token:
-            # Sets some cookies
-            self._download_webpage(
-                'https://www.manyvids.com/includes/ajax_repository/you_had_me_at_hello.php',
-                video_id, note='Setting format cookies', fatal=False,
-                data=urlencode_postdata({
-                    'mvtoken': mv_token,
-                    'vid': video_id,
-                }), headers={
-                    'Referer': url,
-                    'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest',
-                })
-
-        formats = []
-        for v_url, fmt in video_urls_and_ids:
-            v_url = url_or_none(v_url)
-            if not v_url:
+        for format_id, path in [
+            ('preview', ['teaser', 'filepath']),
+            ('transcoded', ['transcodedFilepath']),
+            ('filepath', ['filepath']),
+        ]:
+            format_url = traverse_obj(video_data, (*path, {url_or_none}))
+            if not format_url:
                continue
-            if determine_ext(v_url) == 'm3u8':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    v_url, video_id, 'mp4', entry_protocol='m3u8_native',
-                    m3u8_id='hls'))
+            if determine_ext(format_url) == 'm3u8':
+                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(format_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id=format_id))
            else:
                formats.append({
-                    'url': v_url,
-                    'format_id': fmt,
+                    'url': format_url,
+                    'format_id': format_id,
+                    'preference': -10 if format_id == 'preview' else None,
+                    'quality': 10 if format_id == 'filepath' else None,
+                    'height': int_or_none(
+                        self._search_regex(r'_(\d{2,3}[02468])_', format_url, 'height', default=None)),
                })
+            if format_id != 'preview':
+                preview_only = False

-        self._remove_duplicate_formats(formats)
+        metadata = traverse_obj(
+            self._download_json(f'{self._API_BASE}/{video_id}', video_id, fatal=False), 'data')
+        title = traverse_obj(metadata, ('title', {clean_html}))

-        for f in formats:
-            if f.get('height') is None:
-                f['height'] = int_or_none(
-                    self._search_regex(r'_(\d{2,3}[02468])_', f['url'], 'video height', default=None))
-            if '/preview/' in f['url']:
-                f['format_id'] = '_'.join(filter(None, (f.get('format_id'), 'preview')))
-                f['preference'] = -10
-            if 'transcoded' in f['format_id']:
-                f['preference'] = f.get('preference', -1) - 1
-
-        def get_likes():
-            likes = self._search_regex(
-                rf'''(<a\b[^>]*\bdata-id\s*=\s*(['"]){video_id}\2[^>]*>)''',
-                webpage, 'likes', default='')
-            likes = extract_attributes(likes)
-            return int_or_none(likes.get('data-likes'))
-
-        def get_views():
-            return str_to_int(self._html_search_regex(
-                r'''(?s)<span\b[^>]*\bclass\s*=["']views-wrapper\b[^>]+>.+?<span\b[^>]+>\s*(\d[\d,.]*)\s*</span>''',
-                webpage, 'view count', default=None))
+        if preview_only:
+            title = join_nonempty(title, '(Preview)', delim=' ')
+            video_id += '-preview'
+            self.report_warning(
+                f'Only extracting preview. Video may be paid or subscription only. {self._login_hint()}')

        return {
            'id': video_id,
            'title': title,
            'formats': formats,
-            'description': txt_or_none(info.get('data-meta-description')),
-            'uploader': txt_or_none(info.get('data-meta-author')),
-            'thumbnail': (
-                url_or_none(info.get('data-meta-image'))
-                or url_or_none(player.get('data-video-screenshot'))),
-            'view_count': get_views(),
-            'like_count': get_likes(),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+                'uploader': ('model', 'displayName', {clean_html}),
+                'thumbnail': (('screenshot', 'thumbnail'), {url_or_none}, any),
+                'view_count': ('views', {parse_count}),
+                'like_count': ('likes', {parse_count}),
+                'release_timestamp': ('launchDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('videoDuration', {parse_duration}),
+                'tags': ('tagList', ..., 'label', {str}, filter, all, filter),
+            }),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mixcloud.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mixcloud.py
@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ from ..utils import (
    parse_iso8601,
    strip_or_none,
    try_get,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class MixcloudBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -37,7 +39,7 @@ class MixcloudIE(MixcloudBaseIE):
            'ext': 'm4a',
            'title': 'Cryptkeeper',
            'description': 'After quite a long silence from myself, finally another Drum\'n\'Bass mix with my favourite current dance floor bangers.',
-            'uploader': 'Daniel Holbach',
+            'uploader': 'dholbach',
            'uploader_id': 'dholbach',
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.*\.jpg',
            'view_count': int,
@@ -46,10 +48,11 @@ class MixcloudIE(MixcloudBaseIE):
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.mixcloud.com/dholbach/',
            'artist': 'Submorphics & Chino , Telekinesis, Porter Robinson, Enei, Breakage ft Jess Mills',
            'duration': 3723,
-            'tags': [],
+            'tags': ['liquid drum and bass', 'drum and bass'],
            'comment_count': int,
            'repost_count': int,
            'like_count': int,
+            'artists': list,
        },
        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
@@ -67,7 +70,7 @@ class MixcloudIE(MixcloudBaseIE):
            'upload_date': '20150203',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.mixcloud.com/gillespeterson/',
            'duration': 2992,
-            'tags': [],
+            'tags': ['jazz', 'soul', 'world music', 'funk'],
            'comment_count': int,
            'repost_count': int,
            'like_count': int,
@@ -149,8 +152,6 @@ class MixcloudIE(MixcloudBaseIE):
        elif reason:
            raise ExtractorError('Track is restricted', expected=True)

-        title = cloudcast['name']
-
        stream_info = cloudcast['streamInfo']
        formats = []

@@ -182,47 +183,39 @@ class MixcloudIE(MixcloudBaseIE):
            self.raise_login_required(metadata_available=True)

        comments = []
-        for edge in (try_get(cloudcast, lambda x: x['comments']['edges']) or []):
-            node = edge.get('node') or {}
+        for node in traverse_obj(cloudcast, ('comments', 'edges', ..., 'node', {dict})):
            text = strip_or_none(node.get('comment'))
            if not text:
                continue
-            user = node.get('user') or {}
            comments.append({
-                'author': user.get('displayName'),
-                'author_id': user.get('username'),
                'text': text,
-                'timestamp': parse_iso8601(node.get('created')),
+                **traverse_obj(node, {
+                    'author': ('user', 'displayName', {str}),
+                    'author_id': ('user', 'username', {str}),
+                    'timestamp': ('created', {parse_iso8601}),
+                }),
            })

-        tags = []
-        for t in cloudcast.get('tags'):
-            tag = try_get(t, lambda x: x['tag']['name'], str)
-            if not tag:
-                tags.append(tag)
-
-        get_count = lambda x: int_or_none(try_get(cloudcast, lambda y: y[x]['totalCount']))
-
-        owner = cloudcast.get('owner') or {}
-
        return {
            'id': track_id,
-            'title': title,
            'formats': formats,
-            'description': cloudcast.get('description'),
-            'thumbnail': try_get(cloudcast, lambda x: x['picture']['url'], str),
-            'uploader': owner.get('displayName'),
-            'timestamp': parse_iso8601(cloudcast.get('publishDate')),
-            'uploader_id': owner.get('username'),
-            'uploader_url': owner.get('url'),
-            'duration': int_or_none(cloudcast.get('audioLength')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(cloudcast.get('plays')),
-            'like_count': get_count('favorites'),
-            'repost_count': get_count('reposts'),
-            'comment_count': get_count('comments'),
            'comments': comments,
-            'tags': tags,
-            'artist': ', '.join(cloudcast.get('featuringArtistList') or []) or None,
+            **traverse_obj(cloudcast, {
+                'title': ('name', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('picture', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('publishDate', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'duration': ('audioLength', {int_or_none}),
+                'uploader': ('owner', 'displayName', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('owner', 'username', {str}),
+                'uploader_url': ('owner', 'url', {url_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('plays', {int_or_none}),
+                'like_count': ('favorites', 'totalCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'repost_count': ('reposts', 'totalCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'comment_count': ('comments', 'totalCount', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., 'tag', 'name', {str}, filter, all, filter),
+                'artists': ('featuringArtistList', ..., {str}, filter, all, filter),
+            }),
        }


@@ -295,7 +288,7 @@ class MixcloudUserIE(MixcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
        'url': 'http://www.mixcloud.com/dholbach/',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'dholbach_uploads',
-            'title': 'Daniel Holbach (uploads)',
+            'title': 'dholbach (uploads)',
            'description': 'md5:a3f468a60ac8c3e1f8616380fc469b2b',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 36,
@@ -303,7 +296,7 @@ class MixcloudUserIE(MixcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
        'url': 'http://www.mixcloud.com/dholbach/uploads/',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'dholbach_uploads',
-            'title': 'Daniel Holbach (uploads)',
+            'title': 'dholbach (uploads)',
            'description': 'md5:a3f468a60ac8c3e1f8616380fc469b2b',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 36,
@@ -311,7 +304,7 @@ class MixcloudUserIE(MixcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
        'url': 'http://www.mixcloud.com/dholbach/favorites/',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'dholbach_favorites',
-            'title': 'Daniel Holbach (favorites)',
+            'title': 'dholbach (favorites)',
            'description': 'md5:a3f468a60ac8c3e1f8616380fc469b2b',
        },
        # 'params': {
@@ -337,7 +330,7 @@ class MixcloudUserIE(MixcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
            'title': 'First Ear (stream)',
            'description': 'we maraud for ears',
        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 269,
+        'playlist_mincount': 267,
    }]

    _TITLE_KEY = 'displayName'
@@ -361,7 +354,7 @@ class MixcloudPlaylistIE(MixcloudPlaylistBaseIE):
            'id': 'maxvibes_jazzcat-on-ness-radio',
            'title': 'Ness Radio sessions',
        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 59,
+        'playlist_mincount': 58,
    }]
    _TITLE_KEY = 'name'
    _DESCRIPTION_KEY = 'description'
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/mlb.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/mlb.py
@@ -365,13 +365,15 @@ mutation initPlaybackSession(
                'All videos are only available to registered users', method='password')

    def _set_device_id(self, username):
-        if not self._device_id:
-            self._device_id = self.cache.load(
-                self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'device_ids', default={}).get(username)
+        if self._device_id:
+            return
+        device_id_cache = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'device_ids', default={})
+        self._device_id = device_id_cache.get(username)
        if self._device_id:
            return
        self._device_id = str(uuid.uuid4())
-        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'device_ids', {username: self._device_id})
+        device_id_cache[username] = self._device_id
+        self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, 'device_ids', device_id_cache)

    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
        try:
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/niconico.py
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ from ..utils import (
    determine_ext,
    float_or_none,
    int_or_none,
-    join_nonempty,
    parse_duration,
    parse_iso8601,
    parse_qs,
@@ -24,22 +23,79 @@ from ..utils import (
    qualities,
    remove_start,
    str_or_none,
-    traverse_obj,
    try_get,
    unescapeHTML,
+    unified_timestamp,
    update_url_query,
    url_basename,
    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj


-class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
+class NiconicoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _GEO_BYPASS = False
+    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['JP']
+    _LOGIN_BASE = 'https://account.nicovideo.jp'
+    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'niconico'
+
+    @property
+    def is_logged_in(self):
+        return bool(self._get_cookies('https://www.nicovideo.jp').get('user_session'))
+
+    def _raise_login_error(self, message, expected=True):
+        raise ExtractorError(f'Unable to login: {message}', expected=expected)
+
+    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
+        if self.is_logged_in:
+            return
+
+        self._request_webpage(
+            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/login', None, 'Requesting session cookies')
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(
+            f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/login/redirector', None,
+            'Logging in', 'Unable to log in', headers={
+                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+                'Referer': f'{self._LOGIN_BASE}/login',
+            }, data=urlencode_postdata({
+                'mail_tel': username,
+                'password': password,
+            }))
+
+        if self.is_logged_in:
+            return
+        elif err_msg := traverse_obj(webpage, (
+            {find_element(cls='notice error')}, {find_element(cls='notice__text')}, {clean_html},
+        )):
+            self._raise_login_error(err_msg or 'Invalid username or password')
+        elif 'oneTimePw' in webpage:
+            post_url = self._search_regex(
+                r'<form[^>]+action=(["\'])(?P<url>.+?)\1', webpage, 'post url', group='url')
+            mfa, urlh = self._download_webpage_handle(
+                urljoin(self._LOGIN_BASE, post_url), None,
+                'Performing MFA', 'Unable to complete MFA', headers={
+                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
+                }, data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    'otp': self._get_tfa_info('6 digit number shown on app'),
+                }))
+            if self.is_logged_in:
+                return
+            elif 'error-code' in parse_qs(urlh.url):
+                err_msg = traverse_obj(mfa, ({find_element(cls='pageMainMsg')}, {clean_html}))
+                self._raise_login_error(err_msg or 'MFA session expired')
+            elif 'formError' in mfa:
+                err_msg = traverse_obj(mfa, (
+                    {find_element(cls='formError')}, {find_element(tag='div')}, {clean_html}))
+                self._raise_login_error(err_msg or 'MFA challenge failed')
+
+        self._raise_login_error('Unexpected login error', expected=False)
+
+
+class NiconicoIE(NiconicoBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'niconico'
    IE_DESC = 'ニコニコ動画'
-    _GEO_COUNTRIES = ['JP']
-    _GEO_BYPASS = False

    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'http://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/sm22312215',
@@ -179,229 +235,6 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
    }]

    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:(?:www\.|secure\.|sp\.)?nicovideo\.jp/watch|nico\.ms)/(?P<id>(?:[a-z]{2})?[0-9]+)'
-    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'niconico'
-    _API_HEADERS = {
-        'X-Frontend-ID': '6',
-        'X-Frontend-Version': '0',
-        'X-Niconico-Language': 'en-us',
-        'Referer': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/',
-        'Origin': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp',
-    }
-
-    def _perform_login(self, username, password):
-        login_ok = True
-        login_form_strs = {
-            'mail_tel': username,
-            'password': password,
-        }
-        self._request_webpage(
-            'https://account.nicovideo.jp/login', None,
-            note='Acquiring Login session')
-        page = self._download_webpage(
-            'https://account.nicovideo.jp/login/redirector?show_button_twitter=1&site=niconico&show_button_facebook=1', None,
-            note='Logging in', errnote='Unable to log in',
-            data=urlencode_postdata(login_form_strs),
-            headers={
-                'Referer': 'https://account.nicovideo.jp/login',
-                'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-            })
-        if 'oneTimePw' in page:
-            post_url = self._search_regex(
-                r'<form[^>]+action=(["\'])(?P<url>.+?)\1', page, 'post url', group='url')
-            page = self._download_webpage(
-                urljoin('https://account.nicovideo.jp', post_url), None,
-                note='Performing MFA', errnote='Unable to complete MFA',
-                data=urlencode_postdata({
-                    'otp': self._get_tfa_info('6 digits code'),
-                }), headers={
-                    'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded',
-                })
-            if 'oneTimePw' in page or 'formError' in page:
-                err_msg = self._html_search_regex(
-                    r'formError["\']+>(.*?)</div>', page, 'form_error',
-                    default='There\'s an error but the message can\'t be parsed.',
-                    flags=re.DOTALL)
-                self.report_warning(f'Unable to log in: MFA challenge failed, "{err_msg}"')
-                return False
-        login_ok = 'class="notice error"' not in page
-        if not login_ok:
-            self.report_warning('Unable to log in: bad username or password')
-        return login_ok
-
-    def _get_heartbeat_info(self, info_dict):
-        video_id, video_src_id, audio_src_id = info_dict['url'].split(':')[1].split('/')
-        dmc_protocol = info_dict['expected_protocol']
-
-        api_data = (
-            info_dict.get('_api_data')
-            or self._parse_json(
-                self._html_search_regex(
-                    'data-api-data="([^"]+)"',
-                    self._download_webpage('https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/' + video_id, video_id),
-                    'API data', default='{}'),
-                video_id))
-
-        session_api_data = try_get(api_data, lambda x: x['media']['delivery']['movie']['session'])
-        session_api_endpoint = try_get(session_api_data, lambda x: x['urls'][0])
-
-        def ping():
-            tracking_id = traverse_obj(api_data, ('media', 'delivery', 'trackingId'))
-            if tracking_id:
-                tracking_url = update_url_query('https://nvapi.nicovideo.jp/v1/2ab0cbaa/watch', {'t': tracking_id})
-                watch_request_response = self._download_json(
-                    tracking_url, video_id,
-                    note='Acquiring permission for downloading video', fatal=False,
-                    headers=self._API_HEADERS)
-                if traverse_obj(watch_request_response, ('meta', 'status')) != 200:
-                    self.report_warning('Failed to acquire permission for playing video. Video download may fail.')
-
-        yesno = lambda x: 'yes' if x else 'no'
-
-        if dmc_protocol == 'http':
-            protocol = 'http'
-            protocol_parameters = {
-                'http_output_download_parameters': {
-                    'use_ssl': yesno(session_api_data['urls'][0]['isSsl']),
-                    'use_well_known_port': yesno(session_api_data['urls'][0]['isWellKnownPort']),
-                },
-            }
-        elif dmc_protocol == 'hls':
-            protocol = 'm3u8'
-            segment_duration = try_get(self._configuration_arg('segment_duration'), lambda x: int(x[0])) or 6000
-            parsed_token = self._parse_json(session_api_data['token'], video_id)
-            encryption = traverse_obj(api_data, ('media', 'delivery', 'encryption'))
-            protocol_parameters = {
-                'hls_parameters': {
-                    'segment_duration': segment_duration,
-                    'transfer_preset': '',
-                    'use_ssl': yesno(session_api_data['urls'][0]['isSsl']),
-                    'use_well_known_port': yesno(session_api_data['urls'][0]['isWellKnownPort']),
-                },
-            }
-            if 'hls_encryption' in parsed_token and encryption:
-                protocol_parameters['hls_parameters']['encryption'] = {
-                    parsed_token['hls_encryption']: {
-                        'encrypted_key': encryption['encryptedKey'],
-                        'key_uri': encryption['keyUri'],
-                    },
-                }
-            else:
-                protocol = 'm3u8_native'
-        else:
-            raise ExtractorError(f'Unsupported DMC protocol: {dmc_protocol}')
-
-        session_response = self._download_json(
-            session_api_endpoint['url'], video_id,
-            query={'_format': 'json'},
-            headers={'Content-Type': 'application/json'},
-            note='Downloading JSON metadata for {}'.format(info_dict['format_id']),
-            data=json.dumps({
-                'session': {
-                    'client_info': {
-                        'player_id': session_api_data.get('playerId'),
-                    },
-                    'content_auth': {
-                        'auth_type': try_get(session_api_data, lambda x: x['authTypes'][session_api_data['protocols'][0]]),
-                        'content_key_timeout': session_api_data.get('contentKeyTimeout'),
-                        'service_id': 'nicovideo',
-                        'service_user_id': session_api_data.get('serviceUserId'),
-                    },
-                    'content_id': session_api_data.get('contentId'),
-                    'content_src_id_sets': [{
-                        'content_src_ids': [{
-                            'src_id_to_mux': {
-                                'audio_src_ids': [audio_src_id],
-                                'video_src_ids': [video_src_id],
-                            },
-                        }],
-                    }],
-                    'content_type': 'movie',
-                    'content_uri': '',
-                    'keep_method': {
-                        'heartbeat': {
-                            'lifetime': session_api_data.get('heartbeatLifetime'),
-                        },
-                    },
-                    'priority': session_api_data['priority'],
-                    'protocol': {
-                        'name': 'http',
-                        'parameters': {
-                            'http_parameters': {
-                                'parameters': protocol_parameters,
-                            },
-                        },
-                    },
-                    'recipe_id': session_api_data.get('recipeId'),
-                    'session_operation_auth': {
-                        'session_operation_auth_by_signature': {
-                            'signature': session_api_data.get('signature'),
-                            'token': session_api_data.get('token'),
-                        },
-                    },
-                    'timing_constraint': 'unlimited',
-                },
-            }).encode())
-
-        info_dict['url'] = session_response['data']['session']['content_uri']
-        info_dict['protocol'] = protocol
-
-        # get heartbeat info
-        heartbeat_info_dict = {
-            'url': session_api_endpoint['url'] + '/' + session_response['data']['session']['id'] + '?_format=json&_method=PUT',
-            'data': json.dumps(session_response['data']),
-            # interval, convert milliseconds to seconds, then halve to make a buffer.
-            'interval': float_or_none(session_api_data.get('heartbeatLifetime'), scale=3000),
-            'ping': ping,
-        }
-
-        return info_dict, heartbeat_info_dict
-
-    def _extract_format_for_quality(self, video_id, audio_quality, video_quality, dmc_protocol):
-
-        if not audio_quality.get('isAvailable') or not video_quality.get('isAvailable'):
-            return None
-
-        format_id = '-'.join(
-            [remove_start(s['id'], 'archive_') for s in (video_quality, audio_quality)] + [dmc_protocol])
-
-        vid_qual_label = traverse_obj(video_quality, ('metadata', 'label'))
-
-        return {
-            'url': 'niconico_dmc:{}/{}/{}'.format(video_id, video_quality['id'], audio_quality['id']),
-            'format_id': format_id,
-            'format_note': join_nonempty('DMC', vid_qual_label, dmc_protocol.upper(), delim=' '),
-            'ext': 'mp4',  # Session API are used in HTML5, which always serves mp4
-            'acodec': 'aac',
-            'vcodec': 'h264',
-            **traverse_obj(audio_quality, ('metadata', {
-                'abr': ('bitrate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
-                'asr': ('samplingRate', {int_or_none}),
-            })),
-            **traverse_obj(video_quality, ('metadata', {
-                'vbr': ('bitrate', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
-                'height': ('resolution', 'height', {int_or_none}),
-                'width': ('resolution', 'width', {int_or_none}),
-            })),
-            'quality': -2 if 'low' in video_quality['id'] else None,
-            'protocol': 'niconico_dmc',
-            'expected_protocol': dmc_protocol,  # XXX: This is not a documented field
-            'http_headers': {
-                'Origin': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp',
-                'Referer': 'https://www.nicovideo.jp/watch/' + video_id,
-            },
-        }
-
-    def _yield_dmc_formats(self, api_data, video_id):
-        dmc_data = traverse_obj(api_data, ('media', 'delivery', 'movie'))
-        audios = traverse_obj(dmc_data, ('audios', ..., {dict}))
-        videos = traverse_obj(dmc_data, ('videos', ..., {dict}))
-        protocols = traverse_obj(dmc_data, ('session', 'protocols', ..., {str}))
-        if not all((audios, videos, protocols)):
-            return
-
-        for audio_quality, video_quality, protocol in itertools.product(audios, videos, protocols):
-            if fmt := self._extract_format_for_quality(video_id, audio_quality, video_quality, protocol):
-                yield fmt

    def _yield_dms_formats(self, api_data, video_id):
        fmt_filter = lambda _, v: v['isAvailable'] and v['id']
@@ -484,8 +317,8 @@ class NiconicoIE(InfoExtractor):
            'needs_premium': ('isPremium', {bool}),
            'needs_subscription': ('isAdmission', {bool}),
        })) or {'needs_auth': True}))
-        formats = [*self._yield_dmc_formats(api_data, video_id),
-                   *self._yield_dms_formats(api_data, video_id)]
+
+        formats = list(self._yield_dms_formats(api_data, video_id))
        if not formats:
            fail_msg = clean_html(self._html_search_regex(
                r'<p[^>]+\bclass="fail-message"[^>]*>(?P<msg>.+?)</p>',
@@ -920,7 +753,7 @@ class NiconicoUserIE(InfoExtractor):
        return self.playlist_result(self._entries(list_id), list_id)


-class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
+class NiconicoLiveIE(NiconicoBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'niconico:live'
    IE_DESC = 'ニコニコ生放送'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:sp\.)?live2?\.nicovideo\.jp/(?:watch|gate)/(?P<id>lv\d+)'
@@ -985,6 +818,7 @@ class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
                    'quality': 'abr',
                    'protocol': 'hls+fmp4',
                    'latency': latency,
+                    'accessRightMethod': 'single_cookie',
                    'chasePlay': False,
                },
                'room': {
@@ -1005,6 +839,7 @@ class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
            if data.get('type') == 'stream':
                m3u8_url = data['data']['uri']
                qualities = data['data']['availableQualities']
+                cookies = data['data']['cookies']
                break
            elif data.get('type') == 'disconnect':
                self.write_debug(recv)
@@ -1043,6 +878,11 @@ class NiconicoLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
                    **res,
                })

+        for cookie in cookies:
+            self._set_cookie(
+                cookie['domain'], cookie['name'], cookie['value'],
+                expire_time=unified_timestamp(cookie['expires']), path=cookie['path'], secure=cookie['secure'])
+
        formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', live=True)
        for fmt, q in zip(formats, reversed(qualities[1:])):
            fmt.update({
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/panopto.py
@@ -14,8 +14,9 @@ from ..utils import (
    int_or_none,
    parse_qs,
    srt_subtitles_timecode,
-    traverse_obj,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class PanoptoBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -345,21 +346,16 @@ class PanoptoIE(PanoptoBaseIE):
        subtitles = {}
        for stream in streams or []:
            stream_formats = []
-            http_stream_url = stream.get('StreamHttpUrl')
-            stream_url = stream.get('StreamUrl')
-
-            if http_stream_url:
-                stream_formats.append({'url': http_stream_url})
-
-            if stream_url:
+            for stream_url in set(traverse_obj(stream, (('StreamHttpUrl', 'StreamUrl'), {url_or_none}))):
                media_type = stream.get('ViewerMediaFileTypeName')
                if media_type in ('hls', ):
-                    m3u8_formats, stream_subtitles = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(stream_url, video_id)
-                    stream_formats.extend(m3u8_formats)
-                    subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, stream_subtitles)
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(stream_url, video_id, m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    stream_formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
                else:
                    stream_formats.append({
                        'url': stream_url,
+                        'ext': media_type,
                    })
            for fmt in stream_formats:
                fmt.update({
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/parti.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/parti.py
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils import UserNotLive, int_or_none, parse_iso8601, url_or_none, urljoin
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class PartiBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _call_api(self, path, video_id, note=None):
+        return self._download_json(
+            f'https://api-backend.parti.com/parti_v2/profile/{path}', video_id, note)
+
+
+class PartiVideoIE(PartiBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'parti:video'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?parti\.com/video/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://parti.com/video/66284',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '66284',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'NOW LIVE ',
+            'upload_date': '20250327',
+            'categories': ['Gaming'],
+            'thumbnail': 'https://assets.parti.com/351424_eb9e5250-2821-484a-9c5f-ca99aa666c87.png',
+            'channel': 'ItZTMGG',
+            'timestamp': 1743044379,
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        data = self._call_api(f'get_livestream_channel_info/recent/{video_id}', video_id)
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                urljoin('https://watch.parti.com', data['livestream_recording']), video_id, 'mp4'),
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('event_title', {str}),
+                'channel': ('user_name', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('event_file', {url_or_none}),
+                'categories': ('category_name', {str}, filter, all),
+                'timestamp': ('event_start_ts', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
+
+
+class PartiLivestreamIE(PartiBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'parti:livestream'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?parti\.com/creator/(?P<service>[\w]+)/(?P<id>[\w/-]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://parti.com/creator/parti/Capt_Robs_Adventures',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'Capt_Robs_Adventures',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r"re:I'm Live on Parti \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}",
+            'view_count': int,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://assets\.parti\.com/.+\.png',
+            'timestamp': 1743879776,
+            'upload_date': '20250405',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://parti.com/creator/discord/sazboxgaming/0',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        service, creator_slug = self._match_valid_url(url).group('service', 'id')
+
+        encoded_creator_slug = creator_slug.replace('/', '%23')
+        creator_id = self._call_api(
+            f'get_user_by_social_media/{service}/{encoded_creator_slug}',
+            creator_slug, note='Fetching user ID')
+
+        data = self._call_api(
+            f'get_livestream_channel_info/{creator_id}', creator_id,
+            note='Fetching user profile feed')['channel_info']
+
+        if not traverse_obj(data, ('channel', 'is_live', {bool})):
+            raise UserNotLive(video_id=creator_id)
+
+        channel_info = data['channel']
+
+        return {
+            'id': creator_slug,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(
+                channel_info['playback_url'], creator_slug, live=True, query={
+                    'token': channel_info['playback_auth_token'],
+                    'player_version': '1.17.0',
+                }),
+            'is_live': True,
+            **traverse_obj(data, {
+                'title': ('livestream_event_info', 'event_name', {str}),
+                'description': ('livestream_event_info', 'event_description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('livestream_event_info', 'livestream_preview_file', {url_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('stream', 'start_time', {parse_iso8601}),
+                'view_count': ('stream', 'viewer_count', {int_or_none}),
+            }),
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/phoenix.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/phoenix.py
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import re
-
 from .youtube import YoutubeIE
 from .zdf import ZDFBaseIE
 from ..utils import (
@@ -7,44 +5,27 @@ from ..utils import (
    merge_dicts,
    try_get,
    unified_timestamp,
-    urljoin,
 )


 class PhoenixIE(ZDFBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'phoenix.de'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?phoenix\.de/(?:[^/]+/)*[^/?#&]*-a-(?P<id>\d+)\.html'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?phoenix\.de/(?:[^/?#]+/)*[^/?#&]*-a-(?P<id>\d+)\.html'
    _TESTS = [{
-        # Same as https://www.zdf.de/politik/phoenix-sendungen/wohin-fuehrt-der-protest-in-der-pandemie-100.html
-        'url': 'https://www.phoenix.de/sendungen/ereignisse/corona-nachgehakt/wohin-fuehrt-der-protest-in-der-pandemie-a-2050630.html',
-        'md5': '34ec321e7eb34231fd88616c65c92db0',
+        'url': 'https://www.phoenix.de/sendungen/dokumentationen/spitzbergen-a-893349.html',
+        'md5': 'a79e86d9774d0b3f2102aff988a0bd32',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '210222_phx_nachgehakt_corona_protest',
+            'id': '221215_phx_spitzbergen',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Wohin führt der Protest in der Pandemie?',
-            'description': 'md5:7d643fe7f565e53a24aac036b2122fbd',
-            'duration': 1691,
-            'timestamp': 1613902500,
-            'upload_date': '20210221',
+            'title': 'Spitzbergen',
+            'description': 'Film von Tilmann Bünz',
+            'duration': 728.0,
+            'timestamp': 1555600500,
+            'upload_date': '20190418',
            'uploader': 'Phoenix',
-            'series': 'corona nachgehakt',
-            'episode': 'Wohin führt der Protest in der Pandemie?',
-        },
-    }, {
-        # Youtube embed
-        'url': 'https://www.phoenix.de/sendungen/gespraeche/phoenix-streitgut-brennglas-corona-a-1965505.html',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'hMQtqFYjomk',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'phoenix streitgut: Brennglas Corona - Wie gerecht ist unsere Gesellschaft?',
-            'description': 'md5:ac7a02e2eb3cb17600bc372e4ab28fdd',
-            'duration': 3509,
-            'upload_date': '20201219',
-            'uploader': 'phoenix',
-            'uploader_id': 'phoenix',
-        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': True,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.phoenix.de/sixcms/media.php/21/Bergspitzen1.png',
+            'series': 'Dokumentationen',
+            'episode': 'Spitzbergen',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.phoenix.de/entwicklungen-in-russland-a-2044720.html',
@@ -90,8 +71,8 @@ class PhoenixIE(ZDFBaseIE):
        content_id = details['tracking']['nielsen']['content']['assetid']

        info = self._extract_ptmd(
-            f'https://tmd.phoenix.de/tmd/2/ngplayer_2_3/vod/ptmd/phoenix/{content_id}',
-            content_id, None, url)
+            f'https://tmd.phoenix.de/tmd/2/android_native_6/vod/ptmd/phoenix/{content_id}',
+            content_id)

        duration = int_or_none(try_get(
            details, lambda x: x['tracking']['nielsen']['content']['length']))
@@ -101,20 +82,8 @@ class PhoenixIE(ZDFBaseIE):
            str)
        episode = title if details.get('contentType') == 'episode' else None

-        thumbnails = []
        teaser_images = try_get(details, lambda x: x['teaserImageRef']['layouts'], dict) or {}
-        for thumbnail_key, thumbnail_url in teaser_images.items():
-            thumbnail_url = urljoin(url, thumbnail_url)
-            if not thumbnail_url:
-                continue
-            thumbnail = {
-                'url': thumbnail_url,
-            }
-            m = re.match('^([0-9]+)x([0-9]+)$', thumbnail_key)
-            if m:
-                thumbnail['width'] = int(m.group(1))
-                thumbnail['height'] = int(m.group(2))
-            thumbnails.append(thumbnail)
+        thumbnails = self._extract_thumbnails(teaser_images)

        return merge_dicts(info, {
            'id': content_id,
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rai.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rai.py
@@ -321,6 +321,27 @@ class RaiPlayIE(RaiBaseIE):
            'timestamp': 1348495020,
            'upload_date': '20120924',
        },
+    }, {
+        # checking program_info gives false positive for DRM
+        'url': 'https://www.raiplay.it/video/2022/10/Ad-ogni-costo---Un-giorno-in-Pretura---Puntata-del-15102022-1dfd1295-ea38-4bac-b51e-f87e2881693b.html',
+        'md5': '572c6f711b7c5f2d670ba419b4ae3b08',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1dfd1295-ea38-4bac-b51e-f87e2881693b',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Ad ogni costo - Un giorno in Pretura - Puntata del 15/10/2022',
+            'alt_title': 'St 2022/23 - Un giorno in pretura - Ad ogni costo',
+            'description': 'md5:4046d97b2687f74f06a8b8270ba5599f',
+            'uploader': 'Rai 3',
+            'duration': 3773.0,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://www.raiplay.it/dl/img/2022/10/12/1665586539957_2048x2048.png',
+            'creators': ['Rai 3'],
+            'series': 'Un giorno in pretura',
+            'season': '2022/23',
+            'episode': 'Ad ogni costo',
+            'timestamp': 1665507240,
+            'upload_date': '20221011',
+            'release_year': 2025,
+        },
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.raiplay.it/video/2016/11/gazebotraindesi-efebe701-969c-4593-92f3-285f0d1ce750.html?',
        'only_matching': True,
@@ -340,9 +361,8 @@ class RaiPlayIE(RaiBaseIE):
        media = self._download_json(
            f'{base}.json', video_id, 'Downloading video JSON')

-        if not self.get_param('allow_unplayable_formats'):
-            if traverse_obj(media, (('program_info', None), 'rights_management', 'rights', 'drm')):
-                self.report_drm(video_id)
+        if traverse_obj(media, ('rights_management', 'rights', 'drm')):
+            self.report_drm(video_id)

        video = media['video']
        relinker_info = self._extract_relinker_info(video['content_url'], video_id)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/reddit.py
@@ -388,7 +388,8 @@ class RedditIE(InfoExtractor):
                    })
            if entries:
                return self.playlist_result(entries, video_id, **info)
-            raise ExtractorError('No media found', expected=True)
+            self.raise_no_formats('No media found', expected=True, video_id=video_id)
+            return {**info, 'id': video_id}

        # Check if media is hosted on reddit:
        reddit_video = traverse_obj(data, (
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/roya.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/roya.py
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from .common import InfoExtractor
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+
+
+class RoyaLiveIE(InfoExtractor):
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://roya\.tv/live-stream/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://roya.tv/live-stream/1',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '1',
+            'title': r're:Roya TV \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://roya.tv/live-stream/21',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '21',
+            'title': r're:Roya News \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2} \d{2}:\d{2}',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://roya.tv/live-stream/10000',
+        'only_matching': True,
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        media_id = self._match_id(url)
+
+        stream_url = self._download_json(
+            f'https://ticket.roya-tv.com/api/v5/fastchannel/{media_id}', media_id)['data']['secured_url']
+
+        title = traverse_obj(
+            self._download_json('https://backend.roya.tv/api/v01/channels/schedule-pagination', media_id, fatal=False),
+            ('data', 0, 'channel', lambda _, v: str(v['id']) == media_id, 'title', {str}, any))
+
+        return {
+            'id': media_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(stream_url, media_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=True),
+            'title': title,
+            'is_live': True,
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rtve.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rtve.py
@@ -1,35 +1,142 @@
 import base64
 import io
 import struct
+import urllib.parse

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
+    clean_html,
    determine_ext,
    float_or_none,
+    make_archive_id,
+    parse_iso8601,
    qualities,
-    remove_end,
-    remove_start,
-    try_get,
+    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import subs_list_to_dict, traverse_obj


-class RTVEALaCartaIE(InfoExtractor):
+class RTVEBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    # Reimplementation of https://js2.rtve.es/pages/app-player/3.5.1/js/pf_video.js
+    @staticmethod
+    def _decrypt_url(png):
+        encrypted_data = io.BytesIO(base64.b64decode(png)[8:])
+        while True:
+            length_data = encrypted_data.read(4)
+            length = struct.unpack('!I', length_data)[0]
+            chunk_type = encrypted_data.read(4)
+            if chunk_type == b'IEND':
+                break
+            data = encrypted_data.read(length)
+            if chunk_type == b'tEXt':
+                data = bytes(filter(None, data))
+                alphabet_data, _, url_data = data.partition(b'#')
+                quality_str, _, url_data = url_data.rpartition(b'%%')
+                quality_str = quality_str.decode() or ''
+                alphabet = RTVEBaseIE._get_alphabet(alphabet_data)
+                url = RTVEBaseIE._get_url(alphabet, url_data)
+                yield quality_str, url
+            encrypted_data.read(4)  # CRC
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_url(alphabet, url_data):
+        url = ''
+        f = 0
+        e = 3
+        b = 1
+        for char in url_data.decode('iso-8859-1'):
+            if f == 0:
+                l = int(char) * 10
+                f = 1
+            else:
+                if e == 0:
+                    l += int(char)
+                    url += alphabet[l]
+                    e = (b + 3) % 4
+                    f = 0
+                    b += 1
+                else:
+                    e -= 1
+        return url
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _get_alphabet(alphabet_data):
+        alphabet = []
+        e = 0
+        d = 0
+        for char in alphabet_data.decode('iso-8859-1'):
+            if d == 0:
+                alphabet.append(char)
+                d = e = (e + 1) % 4
+            else:
+                d -= 1
+        return alphabet
+
+    def _extract_png_formats_and_subtitles(self, video_id, media_type='videos'):
+        formats, subtitles = [], {}
+        q = qualities(['Media', 'Alta', 'HQ', 'HD_READY', 'HD_FULL'])
+        for manager in ('rtveplayw', 'default'):
+            png = self._download_webpage(
+                f'http://www.rtve.es/ztnr/movil/thumbnail/{manager}/{media_type}/{video_id}.png',
+                video_id, 'Downloading url information', query={'q': 'v2'}, fatal=False)
+            if not png:
+                continue
+
+            for quality, video_url in self._decrypt_url(png):
+                ext = determine_ext(video_url)
+                if ext == 'm3u8':
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        video_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+                elif ext == 'mpd':
+                    fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(
+                        video_url, video_id, 'dash', fatal=False)
+                    formats.extend(fmts)
+                    self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+                else:
+                    formats.append({
+                        'format_id': quality,
+                        'quality': q(quality),
+                        'url': video_url,
+                    })
+        return formats, subtitles
+
+    def _parse_metadata(self, metadata):
+        return traverse_obj(metadata, {
+            'title': ('title', {str.strip}),
+            'alt_title': ('alt', {str.strip}),
+            'description': ('description', {clean_html}),
+            'timestamp': ('dateOfEmission', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+            'release_timestamp': ('publicationDate', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+            'modified_timestamp': ('modificationDate', {parse_iso8601(delimiter=' ')}),
+            'thumbnail': (('thumbnail', 'image', 'imageSEO'), {url_or_none}, any),
+            'duration': ('duration', {float_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            'is_live': ('live', {bool}),
+            'series': (('programTitle', ('programInfo', 'title')), {clean_html}, any),
+        })
+
+
+class RTVEALaCartaIE(RTVEBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'rtve.es:alacarta'
-    IE_DESC = 'RTVE a la carta'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/(m/)?(alacarta/videos|filmoteca)/[^/]+/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+)'
+    IE_DESC = 'RTVE a la carta and Play'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/(?:m/)?(?:(?:alacarta|play)/videos|filmoteca)/(?!directo)(?:[^/?#]+/){2}(?P<id>\d+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/infantil/serie/[^/?#]+/video/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>\d+)',
+    ]

    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/balonmano/o-swiss-cup-masculina-final-espana-suecia/2491869/',
-        'md5': '1d49b7e1ca7a7502c56a4bf1b60f1b43',
+        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/la-aventura-del-saber/aventuraentornosilla/3088905/',
+        'md5': 'a964547824359a5753aef09d79fe984b',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '2491869',
+            'id': '3088905',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Balonmano - Swiss Cup masculina. Final: España-Suecia',
-            'duration': 5024.566,
-            'series': 'Balonmano',
+            'title': 'En torno a la silla',
+            'duration': 1216.981,
+            'series': 'La aventura del Saber',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img2.rtve.es/v/aventuraentornosilla_3088905.png',
        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download MPD manifest', 'Failed to download m3u8 information'],
    }, {
        'note': 'Live stream',
        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/television/24h-live/1694255/',
@@ -38,140 +145,88 @@ class RTVEALaCartaIE(InfoExtractor):
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 're:^24H LIVE [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2} [0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}$',
            'is_live': True,
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://img2\.rtve\.es/v/.*\.png',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': 'live stream',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/alacarta/videos/servir-y-proteger/servir-proteger-capitulo-104/4236788/',
-        'md5': 'd850f3c8731ea53952ebab489cf81cbf',
+        'md5': 'f3cf0d1902d008c48c793e736706c174',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '4236788',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Servir y proteger - Capítulo 104',
-            'duration': 3222.0,
+            'title': 'Episodio 104',
+            'duration': 3222.8,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://img2\.rtve\.es/v/.*\.png',
+            'series': 'Servir y proteger',
        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download MPD manifest', 'Failed to download m3u8 information'],
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/m/alacarta/videos/cuentame-como-paso/cuentame-como-paso-t16-ultimo-minuto-nuestra-vida-capitulo-276/2969138/?media=tve',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/filmoteca/no-do/not-1-introduccion-primer-noticiario-espanol/1465256/',
        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/play/videos/saber-vivir/07-07-24/16177116/',
+        'md5': 'a5b24fcdfa3ff5cb7908aba53d22d4b6',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '16177116',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Saber vivir - 07/07/24',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://img2\.rtve\.es/v/.*\.png',
+            'duration': 2162.68,
+            'series': 'Saber vivir',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/infantil/serie/agus-lui-churros-crafts/video/gusano/7048976/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': '7048976',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': 'Gusano',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://img2\.rtve\.es/v/.*\.png',
+            'duration': 292.86,
+            'series': 'Agus & Lui: Churros y Crafts',
+            '_old_archive_ids': ['rtveinfantil 7048976'],
+        },
    }]

-    def _real_initialize(self):
-        user_agent_b64 = base64.b64encode(self.get_param('http_headers')['User-Agent'].encode()).decode('utf-8')
-        self._manager = self._download_json(
-            'http://www.rtve.es/odin/loki/' + user_agent_b64,
-            None, 'Fetching manager info')['manager']
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def _decrypt_url(png):
-        encrypted_data = io.BytesIO(base64.b64decode(png)[8:])
-        while True:
-            length = struct.unpack('!I', encrypted_data.read(4))[0]
-            chunk_type = encrypted_data.read(4)
-            if chunk_type == b'IEND':
-                break
-            data = encrypted_data.read(length)
-            if chunk_type == b'tEXt':
-                alphabet_data, text = data.split(b'\0')
-                quality, url_data = text.split(b'%%')
-                alphabet = []
-                e = 0
-                d = 0
-                for l in alphabet_data.decode('iso-8859-1'):
-                    if d == 0:
-                        alphabet.append(l)
-                        d = e = (e + 1) % 4
-                    else:
-                        d -= 1
-                url = ''
-                f = 0
-                e = 3
-                b = 1
-                for letter in url_data.decode('iso-8859-1'):
-                    if f == 0:
-                        l = int(letter) * 10
-                        f = 1
-                    else:
-                        if e == 0:
-                            l += int(letter)
-                            url += alphabet[l]
-                            e = (b + 3) % 4
-                            f = 0
-                            b += 1
-                        else:
-                            e -= 1
-
-                yield quality.decode(), url
-            encrypted_data.read(4)  # CRC
-
-    def _extract_png_formats(self, video_id):
-        png = self._download_webpage(
-            f'http://www.rtve.es/ztnr/movil/thumbnail/{self._manager}/videos/{video_id}.png',
-            video_id, 'Downloading url information', query={'q': 'v2'})
-        q = qualities(['Media', 'Alta', 'HQ', 'HD_READY', 'HD_FULL'])
-        formats = []
-        for quality, video_url in self._decrypt_url(png):
-            ext = determine_ext(video_url)
-            if ext == 'm3u8':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    video_url, video_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
-                    m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-            elif ext == 'mpd':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                    video_url, video_id, 'dash', fatal=False))
-            else:
-                formats.append({
-                    'format_id': quality,
-                    'quality': q(quality),
-                    'url': video_url,
-                })
-        return formats
+    def _get_subtitles(self, video_id):
+        subtitle_data = self._download_json(
+            f'https://api2.rtve.es/api/videos/{video_id}/subtitulos.json', video_id,
+            'Downloading subtitles info')
+        return traverse_obj(subtitle_data, ('page', 'items', ..., {
+            'id': ('lang', {str}),
+            'url': ('src', {url_or_none}),
+        }, all, {subs_list_to_dict(lang='es')}))

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        info = self._download_json(
+        metadata = self._download_json(
            f'http://www.rtve.es/api/videos/{video_id}/config/alacarta_videos.json',
            video_id)['page']['items'][0]
-        if info['state'] == 'DESPU':
+        if metadata['state'] == 'DESPU':
            raise ExtractorError('The video is no longer available', expected=True)
-        title = info['title'].strip()
-        formats = self._extract_png_formats(video_id)
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_png_formats_and_subtitles(video_id)

-        subtitles = None
-        sbt_file = info.get('sbtFile')
-        if sbt_file:
-            subtitles = self.extract_subtitles(video_id, sbt_file)
+        self._merge_subtitles(self.extract_subtitles(video_id), target=subtitles)

-        is_live = info.get('live') is True
+        is_infantil = urllib.parse.urlparse(url).path.startswith('/infantil/')

        return {
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
            'formats': formats,
-            'thumbnail': info.get('image'),
            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'duration': float_or_none(info.get('duration'), 1000),
-            'is_live': is_live,
-            'series': info.get('programTitle'),
+            **self._parse_metadata(metadata),
+            '_old_archive_ids': [make_archive_id('rtveinfantil', video_id)] if is_infantil else None,
        }

-    def _get_subtitles(self, video_id, sub_file):
-        subs = self._download_json(
-            sub_file + '.json', video_id,
-            'Downloading subtitles info')['page']['items']
-        return dict(
-            (s['lang'], [{'ext': 'vtt', 'url': s['src']}])
-            for s in subs)

-
-class RTVEAudioIE(RTVEALaCartaIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class RTVEAudioIE(RTVEBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'rtve.es:audio'
    IE_DESC = 'RTVE audio'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/(alacarta|play)/audios/[^/]+/[^/]+/(?P<id>[0-9]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/(alacarta|play)/audios/(?:[^/?#]+/){2}(?P<id>\d+)'

    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/alacarta/audios/a-hombros-de-gigantes/palabra-ingeniero-codigos-informaticos-27-04-21/5889192/',
@@ -180,9 +235,11 @@ class RTVEAudioIE(RTVEALaCartaIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
            'id': '5889192',
            'ext': 'mp3',
            'title': 'Códigos informáticos',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1598856591583.jpg',
+            'alt_title': 'Códigos informáticos - Escuchar ahora',
            'duration': 349.440,
            'series': 'A hombros de gigantes',
+            'description': 'md5:72b0d7c1ca20fd327bdfff7ac0171afb',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://img2.rtve.es/a/palabra-ingeniero-codigos-informaticos-270421_5889192.png',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/play/audios/en-radio-3/ignatius-farray/5791165/',
@@ -191,9 +248,11 @@ class RTVEAudioIE(RTVEALaCartaIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
            'id': '5791165',
            'ext': 'mp3',
            'title': 'Ignatius Farray',
+            'alt_title': 'En Radio 3 - Ignatius Farray - 13/02/21 - escuchar ahora',
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1613243011863.jpg',
            'duration': 3559.559,
            'series': 'En Radio 3',
+            'description': 'md5:124aa60b461e0b1724a380bad3bc4040',
        },
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/play/audios/frankenstein-o-el-moderno-prometeo/capitulo-26-ultimo-muerte-victor-juan-jose-plans-mary-shelley/6082623/',
@@ -202,126 +261,101 @@ class RTVEAudioIE(RTVEALaCartaIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
            'id': '6082623',
            'ext': 'mp3',
            'title': 'Capítulo 26 y último: La muerte de Victor',
+            'alt_title': 'Frankenstein o el moderno Prometeo - Capítulo 26 y último: La muerte de Victor',
            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1632147445707.jpg',
            'duration': 3174.086,
            'series': 'Frankenstein o el moderno Prometeo',
+            'description': 'md5:4ee6fcb82ebe2e46d267e1d1c1a8f7b5',
        },
    }]

-    def _extract_png_formats(self, audio_id):
-        """
-        This function retrieves media related png thumbnail which obfuscate
-        valuable information about the media. This information is decrypted
-        via base class _decrypt_url function providing media quality and
-        media url
-        """
-        png = self._download_webpage(
-            f'http://www.rtve.es/ztnr/movil/thumbnail/{self._manager}/audios/{audio_id}.png',
-            audio_id, 'Downloading url information', query={'q': 'v2'})
-        q = qualities(['Media', 'Alta', 'HQ', 'HD_READY', 'HD_FULL'])
-        formats = []
-        for quality, audio_url in self._decrypt_url(png):
-            ext = determine_ext(audio_url)
-            if ext == 'm3u8':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    audio_url, audio_id, 'mp4', 'm3u8_native',
-                    m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False))
-            elif ext == 'mpd':
-                formats.extend(self._extract_mpd_formats(
-                    audio_url, audio_id, 'dash', fatal=False))
-            else:
-                formats.append({
-                    'format_id': quality,
-                    'quality': q(quality),
-                    'url': audio_url,
-                })
-        return formats
-
    def _real_extract(self, url):
        audio_id = self._match_id(url)
-        info = self._download_json(
-            f'https://www.rtve.es/api/audios/{audio_id}.json',
-            audio_id)['page']['items'][0]
+        metadata = self._download_json(
+            f'https://www.rtve.es/api/audios/{audio_id}.json', audio_id)['page']['items'][0]
+
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_png_formats_and_subtitles(audio_id, media_type='audios')

        return {
            'id': audio_id,
-            'title': info['title'].strip(),
-            'thumbnail': info.get('thumbnail'),
-            'duration': float_or_none(info.get('duration'), 1000),
-            'series': try_get(info, lambda x: x['programInfo']['title']),
-            'formats': self._extract_png_formats(audio_id),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
+            **self._parse_metadata(metadata),
        }


-class RTVEInfantilIE(RTVEALaCartaIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
-    IE_NAME = 'rtve.es:infantil'
-    IE_DESC = 'RTVE infantil'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/infantil/serie/[^/]+/video/[^/]+/(?P<id>[0-9]+)/'
-
-    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/infantil/serie/cleo/video/maneras-vivir/3040283/',
-        'md5': '5747454717aedf9f9fdf212d1bcfc48d',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3040283',
-            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Maneras de vivir',
-            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/1426182947956\.JPG',
-            'duration': 357.958,
-        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to download MPD manifest', 'Failed to download m3u8 information'],
-    }]
-
-
-class RTVELiveIE(RTVEALaCartaIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
+class RTVELiveIE(RTVEBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'rtve.es:live'
    IE_DESC = 'RTVE.es live streams'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/directo/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)'
+    _VALID_URL = [
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/directo/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)',
+        r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/play/videos/directo/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>[a-zA-Z0-9-]+)',
+    ]

    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/directo/la-1/',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'la-1',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 're:^La 1 [0-9]{4}-[0-9]{2}-[0-9]{2} [0-9]{2}:[0-9]{2}$',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'title': str,
+            'description': str,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://img\d\.rtve\.es/resources/thumbslive/\d+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': int,
+            'upload_date': str,
        },
-        'params': {
-            'skip_download': 'live stream',
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'live stream'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/play/videos/directo/deportes/tdp/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'tdp',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+            'title': str,
+            'description': str,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://img2\d\.rtve\.es/resources/thumbslive/\d+\.jpg',
+            'timestamp': int,
+            'upload_date': str,
        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'live stream'},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/play/videos/directo/canales-lineales/la-1/',
+        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        mobj = self._match_valid_url(url)
-        video_id = mobj.group('id')
-
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        title = remove_end(self._og_search_title(webpage), ' en directo en RTVE.es')
-        title = remove_start(title, 'Estoy viendo ')

-        vidplayer_id = self._search_regex(
-            (r'playerId=player([0-9]+)',
-             r'class=["\'].*?\blive_mod\b.*?["\'][^>]+data-assetid=["\'](\d+)',
-             r'data-id=["\'](\d+)'),
-            webpage, 'internal video ID')
+        data_setup = self._search_json(
+            r'<div[^>]+class="[^"]*videoPlayer[^"]*"[^>]*data-setup=\'',
+            webpage, 'data_setup', video_id)
+
+        formats, subtitles = self._extract_png_formats_and_subtitles(data_setup['idAsset'])

        return {
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': title,
-            'formats': self._extract_png_formats(vidplayer_id),
+            **self._search_json_ld(webpage, video_id, fatal=False),
+            'title': self._html_extract_title(webpage),
+            'formats': formats,
+            'subtitles': subtitles,
            'is_live': True,
        }


 class RTVETelevisionIE(InfoExtractor):
    IE_NAME = 'rtve.es:television'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/television/[^/]+/[^/]+/(?P<id>\d+).shtml'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?rtve\.es/television/[^/?#]+/[^/?#]+/(?P<id>\d+).shtml'

    _TEST = {
-        'url': 'http://www.rtve.es/television/20160628/revolucion-del-movil/1364141.shtml',
+        'url': 'https://www.rtve.es/television/20091103/video-inedito-del-8o-programa/299020.shtml',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '3069778',
+            'id': '572515',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'title': 'Documentos TV - La revolución del móvil',
-            'duration': 3496.948,
+            'title': 'Clase inédita',
+            'duration': 335.817,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://img2\.rtve\.es/v/.*\.png',
+            'series': 'El coro de la cárcel',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
@@ -332,11 +366,8 @@ class RTVETelevisionIE(InfoExtractor):
        page_id = self._match_id(url)
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, page_id)

-        alacarta_url = self._search_regex(
-            r'data-location="alacarta_videos"[^<]+url&quot;:&quot;(http://www\.rtve\.es/alacarta.+?)&',
-            webpage, 'alacarta url', default=None)
-        if alacarta_url is None:
-            raise ExtractorError(
-                'The webpage doesn\'t contain any video', expected=True)
+        play_url = self._html_search_meta('contentUrl', webpage)
+        if play_url is None:
+            raise ExtractorError('The webpage doesn\'t contain any video', expected=True)

-        return self.url_result(alacarta_url, ie=RTVEALaCartaIE.ie_key())
+        return self.url_result(play_url, ie=RTVEALaCartaIE.ie_key())
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/rumble.py
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ from ..utils import (
    ExtractorError,
    UnsupportedError,
    clean_html,
-    determine_ext,
    extract_attributes,
    format_field,
    get_element_by_class,
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
            'upload_date': '20191020',
            'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/WMAR',
            'channel': 'WMAR',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/1/5/M/z/1/5Mz1a.qR4e-small-WMAR-2-News-Latest-Headline.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg',
            'duration': 234,
            'uploader': 'WMAR',
            'live_status': 'not_live',
@@ -52,7 +51,7 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
            'upload_date': '20220217',
            'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/CyberTechNews',
            'channel': 'CTNews',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/6/7/i/9/h/7i9hd.OvCc.jpg',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://.+\.jpg',
            'duration': 901,
            'uploader': 'CTNews',
            'live_status': 'not_live',
@@ -114,6 +113,22 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
            'live_status': 'was_live',
        },
        'params': {'skip_download': True},
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://rumble.com/embed/v6pezdb',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'v6pezdb',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': '"Es war einmal ein Mädchen" – Ein filmisches Zeitzeugnis aus Leningrad 1944',
+            'uploader': 'RT DE',
+            'channel': 'RT DE',
+            'channel_url': 'https://rumble.com/c/RTDE',
+            'duration': 309,
+            'thumbnail': 'https://1a-1791.com/video/fww1/dc/s8/1/n/z/2/y/nz2yy.qR4e-small-Es-war-einmal-ein-Mdchen-Ei.jpg',
+            'timestamp': 1743703500,
+            'upload_date': '20250403',
+            'live_status': 'not_live',
+        },
+        'params': {'skip_download': True},
    }, {
        'url': 'https://rumble.com/embed/ufe9n.v5pv5f',
        'only_matching': True,
@@ -168,40 +183,42 @@ class RumbleEmbedIE(InfoExtractor):
            live_status = None

        formats = []
-        for ext, ext_info in (video.get('ua') or {}).items():
-            if isinstance(ext_info, dict):
-                for height, video_info in ext_info.items():
+        for format_type, format_info in (video.get('ua') or {}).items():
+            if isinstance(format_info, dict):
+                for height, video_info in format_info.items():
                    if not traverse_obj(video_info, ('meta', 'h', {int_or_none})):
                        video_info.setdefault('meta', {})['h'] = height
-                ext_info = ext_info.values()
+                format_info = format_info.values()

-            for video_info in ext_info:
+            for video_info in format_info:
                meta = video_info.get('meta') or {}
                if not video_info.get('url'):
                    continue
-                if ext == 'hls':
+                # With default query params returns m3u8 variants which are duplicates, without returns tar files
+                if format_type == 'tar':
+                    continue
+                if format_type == 'hls':
                    if meta.get('live') is True and video.get('live') == 1:
                        live_status = 'post_live'
                    formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                        video_info['url'], video_id,
                        ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False, live=live_status == 'is_live'))
                    continue
-                timeline = ext == 'timeline'
-                if timeline:
-                    ext = determine_ext(video_info['url'])
+                is_timeline = format_type == 'timeline'
+                is_audio = format_type == 'audio'
                formats.append({
-                    'ext': ext,
-                    'acodec': 'none' if timeline else None,
+                    'acodec': 'none' if is_timeline else None,
+                    'vcodec': 'none' if is_audio else None,
                    'url': video_info['url'],
-                    'format_id': join_nonempty(ext, format_field(meta, 'h', '%sp')),
-                    'format_note': 'Timeline' if timeline else None,
-                    'fps': None if timeline else video.get('fps'),
+                    'format_id': join_nonempty(format_type, format_field(meta, 'h', '%sp')),
+                    'format_note': 'Timeline' if is_timeline else None,
+                    'fps': None if is_timeline or is_audio else video.get('fps'),
                    **traverse_obj(meta, {
-                        'tbr': 'bitrate',
-                        'filesize': 'size',
-                        'width': 'w',
-                        'height': 'h',
-                    }, expected_type=lambda x: int(x) or None),
+                        'tbr': ('bitrate', {int_or_none}),
+                        'filesize': ('size', {int_or_none}),
+                        'width': ('w', {int_or_none}),
+                        'height': ('h', {int_or_none}),
+                    }),
                })

        subtitles = {
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tv2dk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tv2dk.py
@@ -2,12 +2,13 @@ import json
 import re

 from .common import InfoExtractor
+from .jwplatform import JWPlatformIE
 from ..utils import (
    determine_ext,
-    extract_attributes,
    js_to_json,
    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj


 class TV2DKIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -21,35 +22,46 @@ class TV2DKIE(InfoExtractor):
                            tv2fyn|
                            tv2east|
                            tv2lorry|
-                            tv2nord
+                            tv2nord|
+                            tv2kosmopol
                        )\.dk/
-                        (:[^/]+/)*
+                        (?:[^/?#]+/)*
                        (?P<id>[^/?\#&]+)
                    '''
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://www.tvsyd.dk/nyheder/28-10-2019/1930/1930-28-okt-2019?autoplay=1#player',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '0_52jmwa0p',
+            'id': 'sPp5z21q',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': '19:30 - 28. okt. 2019',
-            'timestamp': 1572290248,
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/sPp5z21q/poster.jpg?width=720',
+            'timestamp': 1572287400,
            'upload_date': '20191028',
-            'uploader_id': 'tvsyd',
-            'duration': 1347,
-            'view_count': int,
        },
-        'add_ie': ['Kaltura'],
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.tv2lorry.dk/gadekamp/gadekamp-6-hoejhuse-i-koebenhavn',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1_7iwll9n0',
+            'id': 'oD9cyq0m',
            'ext': 'mp4',
-            'upload_date': '20211027',
            'title': 'Gadekamp #6 - Højhuse i København',
-            'uploader_id': 'tv2lorry',
-            'timestamp': 1635345229,
+            'description': '',
+            'thumbnail': 'https://cdn.jwplayer.com/v2/media/oD9cyq0m/poster.jpg?width=720',
+            'timestamp': 1635348600,
+            'upload_date': '20211027',
        },
-        'add_ie': ['Kaltura'],
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.tvsyd.dk/haderslev/x-factor-brodre-fulde-af-selvtillid-er-igen-hjemme-hos-mor-vores-diagnoser-har-vaeret-en-fordel',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'x-factor-brodre-fulde-af-selvtillid-er-igen-hjemme-hos-mor-vores-diagnoser-har-vaeret-en-fordel',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 2,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.tv2ostjylland.dk/aarhus/dom-kan-fa-alvorlige-konsekvenser',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'dom-kan-fa-alvorlige-konsekvenser',
+        },
+        'playlist_count': 3,
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.tv2ostjylland.dk/artikel/minister-gaar-ind-i-sag-om-diabetes-teknologi',
        'only_matching': True,
@@ -71,40 +83,22 @@ class TV2DKIE(InfoExtractor):
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.tv2nord.dk/artikel/dybt-uacceptabelt',
        'only_matching': True,
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://www.tv2kosmopol.dk/metropolen/chaufforer-beordres-til-at-kore-videre-i-ulovlige-busser-med-rode-advarselslamper',
+        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-
        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        search_space = traverse_obj(webpage, {find_element(tag='article')}) or webpage

-        entries = []
+        player_ids = traverse_obj(
+            re.findall(r'x-data="(?:video_player|simple_player)\(({[^"]+})', search_space),
+            (..., {js_to_json}, {json.loads}, ('jwpMediaId', 'videoId'), {str}))

-        def add_entry(partner_id, kaltura_id):
-            entries.append(self.url_result(
-                f'kaltura:{partner_id}:{kaltura_id}', 'Kaltura',
-                video_id=kaltura_id))
-
-        for video_el in re.findall(r'(?s)<[^>]+\bdata-entryid\s*=[^>]*>', webpage):
-            video = extract_attributes(video_el)
-            kaltura_id = video.get('data-entryid')
-            if not kaltura_id:
-                continue
-            partner_id = video.get('data-partnerid')
-            if not partner_id:
-                continue
-            add_entry(partner_id, kaltura_id)
-        if not entries:
-            kaltura_id = self._search_regex(
-                (r'entry_id\s*:\s*["\']([0-9a-z_]+)',
-                 r'\\u002FentryId\\u002F(\w+)\\u002F'), webpage, 'kaltura id')
-            partner_id = self._search_regex(
-                (r'\\u002Fp\\u002F(\d+)\\u002F', r'/p/(\d+)/'), webpage,
-                'partner id')
-            add_entry(partner_id, kaltura_id)
-        if len(entries) == 1:
-            return entries[0]
-        return self.playlist_result(entries)
+        return self.playlist_from_matches(
+            player_ids, video_id, getter=lambda x: f'jwplatform:{x}', ie=JWPlatformIE)


 class TV2DKBornholmPlayIE(InfoExtractor):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvp.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvp.py
@@ -513,7 +513,7 @@ class TVPVODBaseIE(InfoExtractor):

 class TVPVODVideoIE(TVPVODBaseIE):
    IE_NAME = 'tvp:vod'
-    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vod\.tvp\.pl/(?P<category>[a-z\d-]+,\d+)/[a-z\d-]+(?<!-odcinki)(?:-odcinki,\d+/odcinek-\d+,S\d+E\d+)?,(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:[?#]|$)'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://vod\.tvp\.pl/(?P<category>[a-z\d-]+,\d+)/[a-z\d-]+(?<!-odcinki)(?:-odcinki,\d+/odcinek--?\d+,S-?\d+E-?\d+)?,(?P<id>\d+)/?(?:[?#]|$)'

    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://vod.tvp.pl/dla-dzieci,24/laboratorium-alchemika-odcinki,309338/odcinek-24,S01E24,311357',
@@ -568,6 +568,9 @@ class TVPVODVideoIE(TVPVODBaseIE):
            'live_status': 'is_live',
            'thumbnail': 're:https?://.+',
        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://vod.tvp.pl/informacje-i-publicystyka,205/konskie-2025-debata-przedwyborcza-odcinki,2028435/odcinek--1,S01E-1,2028419',
+        'only_matching': True,
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/tvw.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/tvw.py
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
 import json

 from .common import InfoExtractor
-from ..utils import clean_html, remove_end, unified_timestamp, url_or_none
-from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj
+from ..utils import (
+    clean_html,
+    extract_attributes,
+    parse_qs,
+    remove_end,
+    require,
+    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
+)
+from ..utils.traversal import find_element, traverse_obj


 class TvwIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'tvw'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tvw\.org/video/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
-
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://tvw.org/video/billy-frank-jr-statue-maquette-unveiling-ceremony-2024011211/',
        'md5': '9ceb94fe2bb7fd726f74f16356825703',
@@ -115,3 +123,43 @@ class TvwIE(InfoExtractor):
                'is_live': ('eventStatus', {lambda x: x == 'live'}),
            }),
        }
+
+
+class TvwTvChannelsIE(InfoExtractor):
+    IE_NAME = 'tvw:tvchannels'
+    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(?:www\.)?tvw\.org/tvchannels/(?P<id>[^/?#]+)'
+    _TESTS = [{
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/tvchannels/air/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'air',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:TVW Cable Channel Live Stream',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }, {
+        'url': 'https://tvw.org/tvchannels/tvw2/',
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'tvw2',
+            'ext': 'mp4',
+            'title': r're:TVW-2 Broadcast Channel',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+/.+\.(?:jpe?g|png)$',
+            'live_status': 'is_live',
+        },
+    }]
+
+    def _real_extract(self, url):
+        video_id = self._match_id(url)
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+
+        m3u8_url = traverse_obj(webpage, (
+            {find_element(id='invintus-persistent-stream-frame', html=True)}, {extract_attributes},
+            'src', {parse_qs}, 'encoder', 0, {json.loads}, 'live247URI', {url_or_none}, {require('stream url')}))
+
+        return {
+            'id': video_id,
+            'formats': self._extract_m3u8_formats(m3u8_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', live=True),
+            'title': remove_end(self._og_search_title(webpage, default=None), ' - TVW'),
+            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage, default=None),
+            'is_live': True,
+        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitcasting.py
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ from ..utils import (
    parse_duration,
    qualities,
    str_to_int,
-    traverse_obj,
    try_get,
    unified_timestamp,
+    url_or_none,
    urlencode_postdata,
    urljoin,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class TwitCastingIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -138,13 +139,7 @@ class TwitCastingIE(InfoExtractor):
            r'data-toggle="true"[^>]+datetime="([^"]+)"',
            webpage, 'datetime', None))

-        stream_server_data = self._download_json(
-            f'https://twitcasting.tv/streamserver.php?target={uploader_id}&mode=client', video_id,
-            'Downloading live info', fatal=False)
-
        is_live = any(f'data-{x}' in webpage for x in ['is-onlive="true"', 'live-type="live"', 'status="online"'])
-        if not traverse_obj(stream_server_data, 'llfmp4') and is_live:
-            self.raise_login_required(method='cookies')

        base_dict = {
            'title': title,
@@ -165,28 +160,37 @@ class TwitCastingIE(InfoExtractor):
                return [data_movie_url]

        m3u8_urls = (try_get(webpage, find_dmu, list)
-                     or traverse_obj(video_js_data, (..., 'source', 'url'))
-                     or ([f'https://twitcasting.tv/{uploader_id}/metastream.m3u8'] if is_live else None))
-        if not m3u8_urls:
-            raise ExtractorError('Failed to get m3u8 playlist')
+                     or traverse_obj(video_js_data, (..., 'source', 'url')))

        if is_live:
-            m3u8_url = m3u8_urls[0]
-            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='hls',
-                live=True, headers=self._M3U8_HEADERS)
+            stream_data = self._download_json(
+                'https://twitcasting.tv/streamserver.php',
+                video_id, 'Downloading live info', query={
+                    'target': uploader_id,
+                    'mode': 'client',
+                    'player': 'pc_web',
+                })

-            if traverse_obj(stream_server_data, ('hls', 'source')):
-                formats.extend(self._extract_m3u8_formats(
-                    m3u8_url, video_id, ext='mp4', m3u8_id='source',
-                    live=True, query={'mode': 'source'},
-                    note='Downloading source quality m3u8',
-                    headers=self._M3U8_HEADERS, fatal=False))
+            formats = []
+            # low: 640x360, medium: 1280x720, high: 1920x1080
+            qq = qualities(['low', 'medium', 'high'])
+            for quality, m3u8_url in traverse_obj(stream_data, (
+                'tc-hls', 'streams', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]),
+            )):
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': m3u8_url,
+                    'format_id': f'hls-{quality}',
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'quality': qq(quality),
+                    'protocol': 'm3u8',
+                    'http_headers': self._M3U8_HEADERS,
+                })

            if websockets:
                qq = qualities(['base', 'mobilesource', 'main'])
-                streams = traverse_obj(stream_server_data, ('llfmp4', 'streams')) or {}
-                for mode, ws_url in streams.items():
+                for mode, ws_url in traverse_obj(stream_data, (
+                    'llfmp4', 'streams', {dict.items}, lambda _, v: url_or_none(v[1]),
+                )):
                    formats.append({
                        'url': ws_url,
                        'format_id': f'ws-{mode}',
@@ -197,10 +201,15 @@ class TwitCastingIE(InfoExtractor):
                        'protocol': 'websocket_frag',
                    })

+            if not formats:
+                self.raise_login_required()
+
            infodict = {
                'formats': formats,
                '_format_sort_fields': ('source', ),
            }
+        elif not m3u8_urls:
+            raise ExtractorError('Failed to get m3u8 playlist')
        elif len(m3u8_urls) == 1:
            formats = self._extract_m3u8_formats(
                m3u8_urls[0], video_id, 'mp4', headers=self._M3U8_HEADERS)
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitch.py
@@ -1225,8 +1225,8 @@ class TwitchClipsIE(TwitchBaseIE):
                'channel_id': ('broadcaster', 'id', {str}),
                'channel_follower_count': ('broadcaster', 'followers', 'totalCount', {int_or_none}),
                'channel_is_verified': ('broadcaster', 'isPartner', {bool}),
-                'uploader': ('broadcaster', 'displayName', {str}),
-                'uploader_id': ('broadcaster', 'id', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('curator', 'displayName', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('curator', 'id', {str}),
                'categories': ('game', 'displayName', {str}, filter, all, filter),
            }),
        }
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/twitter.py
@@ -1221,20 +1221,10 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):
    }]

    _MEDIA_ID_RE = re.compile(r'_video/(\d+)/')
-
-    @property
-    def _GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT(self):
-        if self.is_logged_in:
-            return 'zZXycP0V6H7m-2r0mOnFcA/TweetDetail'
-        return '2ICDjqPd81tulZcYrtpTuQ/TweetResultByRestId'
+    _GRAPHQL_ENDPOINT = '2ICDjqPd81tulZcYrtpTuQ/TweetResultByRestId'

    def _graphql_to_legacy(self, data, twid):
-        result = traverse_obj(data, (
-            'threaded_conversation_with_injections_v2', 'instructions', 0, 'entries',
-            lambda _, v: v['entryId'] == f'tweet-{twid}', 'content', 'itemContent',
-            'tweet_results', 'result', ('tweet', None), {dict},
-        ), default={}, get_all=False) if self.is_logged_in else traverse_obj(
-            data, ('tweetResult', 'result', {dict}), default={})
+        result = traverse_obj(data, ('tweetResult', 'result', {dict})) or {}

        typename = result.get('__typename')
        if typename not in ('Tweet', 'TweetWithVisibilityResults', 'TweetTombstone', 'TweetUnavailable', None):
@@ -1278,37 +1268,6 @@ class TwitterIE(TwitterBaseIE):

    def _build_graphql_query(self, media_id):
        return {
-            'variables': {
-                'focalTweetId': media_id,
-                'includePromotedContent': True,
-                'with_rux_injections': False,
-                'withBirdwatchNotes': True,
-                'withCommunity': True,
-                'withDownvotePerspective': False,
-                'withQuickPromoteEligibilityTweetFields': True,
-                'withReactionsMetadata': False,
-                'withReactionsPerspective': False,
-                'withSuperFollowsTweetFields': True,
-                'withSuperFollowsUserFields': True,
-                'withV2Timeline': True,
-                'withVoice': True,
-            },
-            'features': {
-                'graphql_is_translatable_rweb_tweet_is_translatable_enabled': False,
-                'interactive_text_enabled': True,
-                'responsive_web_edit_tweet_api_enabled': True,
-                'responsive_web_enhance_cards_enabled': True,
-                'responsive_web_graphql_timeline_navigation_enabled': False,
-                'responsive_web_text_conversations_enabled': False,
-                'responsive_web_uc_gql_enabled': True,
-                'standardized_nudges_misinfo': True,
-                'tweet_with_visibility_results_prefer_gql_limited_actions_policy_enabled': False,
-                'tweetypie_unmention_optimization_enabled': True,
-                'unified_cards_ad_metadata_container_dynamic_card_content_query_enabled': True,
-                'verified_phone_label_enabled': False,
-                'vibe_api_enabled': True,
-            },
-        } if self.is_logged_in else {
            'variables': {
                'tweetId': media_id,
                'withCommunity': False,
@@ -1717,21 +1676,22 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
    _VALID_URL = TwitterBaseIE._BASE_REGEX + r'i/spaces/(?P<id>[0-9a-zA-Z]{13})'

    _TESTS = [{
-        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1RDxlgyvNXzJL',
+        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1OwxWwQOPlNxQ',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': '1RDxlgyvNXzJL',
+            'id': '1OwxWwQOPlNxQ',
            'ext': 'm4a',
-            'title': 'King Carlo e la mossa Kansas City per fare il Grande Centro',
-            'description': 'Twitter Space participated by annarita digiorgio, Signor Ernesto, Raffaello Colosimo, Simone M. Sepe',
-            'uploader': r're:Lucio Di Gaetano.*?',
-            'uploader_id': 'luciodigaetano',
+            'title': 'Everybody in: @mtbarra & @elonmusk discuss the future of EV charging',
+            'description': 'Twitter Space participated by Elon Musk',
            'live_status': 'was_live',
-            'timestamp': 1659877956,
-            'upload_date': '20220807',
-            'release_timestamp': 1659904215,
-            'release_date': '20220807',
+            'release_date': '20230608',
+            'release_timestamp': 1686256230,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://pbs\.twimg\.com/profile_images/.+',
+            'timestamp': 1686254250,
+            'upload_date': '20230608',
+            'uploader': 'Mary Barra',
+            'uploader_id': 'mtbarra',
        },
-        'skip': 'No longer available',
+        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
        # post_live/TimedOut but downloadable
        'url': 'https://twitter.com/i/spaces/1vAxRAVQWONJl',
@@ -1743,9 +1703,10 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'uploader': 'Google Cloud',
            'uploader_id': 'googlecloud',
            'live_status': 'post_live',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://pbs\.twimg\.com/profile_images/.+',
            'timestamp': 1681409554,
            'upload_date': '20230413',
-            'release_timestamp': 1681839000,
+            'release_timestamp': 1681839082,
            'release_date': '20230418',
            'protocol': 'm3u8',  # ffmpeg is forced
            'container': 'm4a_dash',  # audio-only format fixup is applied
@@ -1762,6 +1723,9 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'uploader': '息根とめる',
            'uploader_id': 'tomeru_ikinone',
            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'release_date': '20230601',
+            'release_timestamp': 1685617200,
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://pbs\.twimg\.com/profile_images/.+',
            'timestamp': 1685617198,
            'upload_date': '20230601',
            'protocol': 'm3u8',  # ffmpeg is forced
@@ -1779,9 +1743,10 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):
            'uploader': 'Candace Owens',
            'uploader_id': 'RealCandaceO',
            'live_status': 'was_live',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https?://pbs\.twimg\.com/profile_images/.+',
            'timestamp': 1723931351,
            'upload_date': '20240817',
-            'release_timestamp': 1723932000,
+            'release_timestamp': 1723932056,
            'release_date': '20240817',
            'protocol': 'm3u8_native',  # not ffmpeg, detected as video space
        },
@@ -1861,18 +1826,21 @@ class TwitterSpacesIE(TwitterBaseIE):

        return {
            'id': space_id,
-            'title': metadata.get('title'),
            'description': f'Twitter Space participated by {participants}',
-            'uploader': traverse_obj(
-                metadata, ('creator_results', 'result', 'legacy', 'name')),
-            'uploader_id': traverse_obj(
-                metadata, ('creator_results', 'result', 'legacy', 'screen_name')),
-            'live_status': live_status,
-            'release_timestamp': try_call(
-                lambda: int_or_none(metadata['scheduled_start'], scale=1000)),
-            'timestamp': int_or_none(metadata.get('created_at'), scale=1000),
            'formats': formats,
            'http_headers': headers,
+            'live_status': live_status,
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                # started_at is None when stream is_upcoming so fallback to scheduled_start for --wait-for-video
+                'release_timestamp': (('started_at', 'scheduled_start'), {int_or_none(scale=1000)}, any),
+                'timestamp': ('created_at', {int_or_none(scale=1000)}),
+            }),
+            **traverse_obj(metadata, ('creator_results', 'result', 'legacy', {
+                'uploader': ('name', {str}),
+                'uploader_id': ('screen_name', {str_or_none}),
+                'thumbnail': ('profile_image_url_https', {lambda x: x.replace('_normal', '_400x400')}, {url_or_none}),
+            })),
        }


--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vimeo.py
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'vimeo'
    _LOGIN_REQUIRED = False
    _LOGIN_URL = 'https://vimeo.com/log_in'
+    _IOS_CLIENT_AUTH = 'MTMxNzViY2Y0NDE0YTQ5YzhjZTc0YmU0NjVjNDQxYzNkYWVjOWRlOTpHKzRvMmgzVUh4UkxjdU5FRW80cDNDbDhDWGR5dVJLNUJZZ055dHBHTTB4V1VzaG41bEx1a2hiN0NWYWNUcldSSW53dzRUdFRYZlJEZmFoTTArOTBUZkJHS3R4V2llYU04Qnl1bERSWWxUdXRidjNqR2J4SHFpVmtFSUcyRktuQw=='
+    _IOS_CLIENT_HEADERS = {
+        'Accept': 'application/vnd.vimeo.*+json; version=3.4.10',
+        'Accept-Language': 'en',
+        'User-Agent': 'Vimeo/11.10.0 (com.vimeo; build:250424.164813.0; iOS 18.4.1) Alamofire/5.9.0 VimeoNetworking/5.0.0',
+    }
+    _IOS_OAUTH_CACHE_KEY = 'oauth-token-ios'
+    _ios_oauth_token = None

    @staticmethod
    def _smuggle_referrer(url, referrer_url):
@@ -88,13 +96,16 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                expected=True)
        return password

-    def _verify_video_password(self, video_id, password, token):
+    def _verify_video_password(self, video_id):
+        video_password = self._get_video_password()
+        token = self._download_json(
+            'https://vimeo.com/_next/viewer', video_id, 'Downloading viewer info')['xsrft']
        url = f'https://vimeo.com/{video_id}'
        try:
-            return self._download_webpage(
+            self._request_webpage(
                f'{url}/password', video_id,
                'Submitting video password', data=json.dumps({
-                    'password': password,
+                    'password': video_password,
                    'token': token,
                }, separators=(',', ':')).encode(), headers={
                    'Accept': '*/*',
@@ -239,20 +250,39 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
            '_format_sort_fields': ('quality', 'res', 'fps', 'hdr:12', 'source'),
        }

-    def _call_videos_api(self, video_id, jwt_token, unlisted_hash=None, **kwargs):
+    def _fetch_oauth_token(self):
+        if not self._ios_oauth_token:
+            self._ios_oauth_token = self.cache.load(self._NETRC_MACHINE, self._IOS_OAUTH_CACHE_KEY)
+
+        if not self._ios_oauth_token:
+            self._ios_oauth_token = self._download_json(
+                'https://api.vimeo.com/oauth/authorize/client', None,
+                'Fetching OAuth token', 'Failed to fetch OAuth token',
+                headers={
+                    'Authorization': f'Basic {self._IOS_CLIENT_AUTH}',
+                    **self._IOS_CLIENT_HEADERS,
+                }, data=urlencode_postdata({
+                    'grant_type': 'client_credentials',
+                    'scope': 'private public create edit delete interact upload purchased stats',
+                }, quote_via=urllib.parse.quote))['access_token']
+            self.cache.store(self._NETRC_MACHINE, self._IOS_OAUTH_CACHE_KEY, self._ios_oauth_token)
+
+        return self._ios_oauth_token
+
+    def _call_videos_api(self, video_id, unlisted_hash=None, **kwargs):
        return self._download_json(
            join_nonempty(f'https://api.vimeo.com/videos/{video_id}', unlisted_hash, delim=':'),
            video_id, 'Downloading API JSON', headers={
-                'Authorization': f'jwt {jwt_token}',
-                'Accept': 'application/json',
+                'Authorization': f'Bearer {self._fetch_oauth_token()}',
+                **self._IOS_CLIENT_HEADERS,
            }, query={
                'fields': ','.join((
-                    'config_url', 'created_time', 'description', 'download', 'license',
-                    'metadata.connections.comments.total', 'metadata.connections.likes.total',
-                    'release_time', 'stats.plays')),
+                    'config_url', 'embed_player_config_url', 'player_embed_url', 'download', 'play',
+                    'files', 'description', 'license', 'release_time', 'created_time', 'stats.plays',
+                    'metadata.connections.comments.total', 'metadata.connections.likes.total')),
            }, **kwargs)

-    def _extract_original_format(self, url, video_id, unlisted_hash=None, jwt=None, api_data=None):
+    def _extract_original_format(self, url, video_id, unlisted_hash=None, api_data=None):
        # Original/source formats are only available when logged in
        if not self._get_cookies('https://vimeo.com/').get('vimeo'):
            return
@@ -283,12 +313,8 @@ class VimeoBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
                    'quality': 1,
                }

-        jwt = jwt or traverse_obj(self._download_json(
-            'https://vimeo.com/_rv/viewer', video_id, 'Downloading jwt token', fatal=False), ('jwt', {str}))
-        if not jwt:
-            return
        original_response = api_data or self._call_videos_api(
-            video_id, jwt, unlisted_hash, fatal=False, expected_status=(403, 404))
+            video_id, unlisted_hash, fatal=False, expected_status=(403, 404))
        for download_data in traverse_obj(original_response, ('download', ..., {dict})):
            download_url = download_data.get('link')
            if not download_url or download_data.get('quality') != 'source':
@@ -410,6 +436,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                'duration': 10,
                'comment_count': int,
                'like_count': int,
+                'view_count': int,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440665496-b2c5aee2b61089442c794f64113a8e8f7d5763c3e6b3ebfaf696ae6413f8b1f4-d',
            },
            'params': {
@@ -500,15 +527,16 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader': 'The DMCI',
                'uploader_url': r're:https?://(?:www\.)?vimeo\.com/dmci',
                'uploader_id': 'dmci',
-                'timestamp': 1324343742,
+                'timestamp': 1324361742,
                'upload_date': '20111220',
-                'description': 'md5:ae23671e82d05415868f7ad1aec21147',
+                'description': 'md5:f37b4ad0f3ded6fa16f38ecde16c3c44',
                'duration': 60,
                'comment_count': int,
                'view_count': int,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/231174622-dd07f015e9221ff529d451e1cc31c982b5d87bfafa48c4189b1da72824ee289a-d',
                'like_count': int,
-                'tags': 'count:11',
+                'release_timestamp': 1324361742,
+                'release_date': '20111220',
            },
            # 'params': {'format': 'Original'},
            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
@@ -521,15 +549,18 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                'id': '393756517',
                # 'ext': 'mov',
                'ext': 'mp4',
-                'timestamp': 1582642091,
+                'timestamp': 1582660091,
                'uploader_id': 'frameworkla',
                'title': 'Straight To Hell - Sabrina: Netflix',
                'uploader': 'Framework Studio',
-                'description': 'md5:f2edc61af3ea7a5592681ddbb683db73',
                'upload_date': '20200225',
                'duration': 176,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/859377297-836494a4ef775e9d4edbace83937d9ad34dc846c688c0c419c0e87f7ab06c4b3-d',
                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/frameworkla',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'release_timestamp': 1582660091,
+                'release_date': '20200225',
            },
            # 'params': {'format': 'source'},
            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
@@ -630,7 +661,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                'description': str,  # FIXME: Dynamic SEO spam description
                'upload_date': '20150209',
                'timestamp': 1423518307,
-                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/default',
+                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/default',
                'duration': 10,
                'like_count': int,
                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user20132939',
@@ -667,6 +698,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                'like_count': int,
                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/aliniamedia',
                'release_date': '20160329',
+                'view_count': int,
            },
            'params': {'skip_download': True},
            'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
@@ -678,18 +710,19 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                # 'ext': 'm4v',
                'ext': 'mp4',
                'title': 'Eastnor Castle 2015 Firework Champions - The Promo!',
-                'description': 'md5:5967e090768a831488f6e74b7821b3c1',
+                'description': 'md5:9441e6829ae94f380cc6417d982f63ac',
                'uploader_id': 'fireworkchampions',
                'uploader': 'Firework Champions',
                'upload_date': '20150910',
-                'timestamp': 1441901895,
+                'timestamp': 1441916295,
                'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/534715882-6ff8e4660cbf2fea68282876d8d44f318825dfe572cc4016e73b3266eac8ae3a-d',
                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/fireworkchampions',
-                'tags': 'count:6',
                'duration': 229,
                'view_count': int,
                'like_count': int,
                'comment_count': int,
+                'release_timestamp': 1441916295,
+                'release_date': '20150910',
            },
            'params': {
                'skip_download': True,
@@ -820,7 +853,7 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                'uploader': 'Raja Virdi',
                'uploader_id': 'rajavirdi',
                'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/rajavirdi',
-                'duration': 309,
+                'duration': 300,
                'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/1716727772-[\da-f]+-d',
            },
            # 'params': {'format': 'source'},
@@ -860,12 +893,9 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
        return checked

    def _extract_from_api(self, video_id, unlisted_hash=None):
-        viewer = self._download_json(
-            'https://vimeo.com/_next/viewer', video_id, 'Downloading viewer info')
-
        for retry in (False, True):
            try:
-                video = self._call_videos_api(video_id, viewer['jwt'], unlisted_hash)
+                video = self._call_videos_api(video_id, unlisted_hash)
                break
            except ExtractorError as e:
                if (not retry and isinstance(e.cause, HTTPError) and e.cause.status == 400
@@ -873,15 +903,14 @@ class VimeoIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
                        self._webpage_read_content(e.cause.response, e.cause.response.url, video_id, fatal=False),
                        ({json.loads}, 'invalid_parameters', ..., 'field'),
                )):
-                    self._verify_video_password(
-                        video_id, self._get_video_password(), viewer['xsrft'])
+                    self._verify_video_password(video_id)
                    continue
                raise

        info = self._parse_config(self._download_json(
            video['config_url'], video_id), video_id)
        source_format = self._extract_original_format(
-            f'https://vimeo.com/{video_id}', video_id, unlisted_hash, jwt=viewer['jwt'], api_data=video)
+            f'https://vimeo.com/{video_id}', video_id, unlisted_hash, api_data=video)
        if source_format:
            info['formats'].append(source_format)

@@ -1122,7 +1151,7 @@ class VimeoOndemandIE(VimeoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
            'description': 'md5:aeeba3dbd4d04b0fa98a4fdc9c639998',
            'upload_date': '20140906',
            'timestamp': 1410032453,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/488238335-d7bf151c364cff8d467f1b73784668fe60aae28a54573a35d53a1210ae283bd8-d_1280',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
            'comment_count': int,
            'license': 'https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/',
            'duration': 53,
@@ -1132,7 +1161,7 @@ class VimeoOndemandIE(VimeoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
        'params': {
            'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download JSON metadata'],
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
    }, {
        # requires Referer to be passed along with og:video:url
        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/ondemand/36938/126682985',
@@ -1149,13 +1178,14 @@ class VimeoOndemandIE(VimeoIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
            'duration': 121,
            'comment_count': int,
            'view_count': int,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/517077723-7066ae1d9a79d3eb361334fb5d58ec13c8f04b52f8dd5eadfbd6fb0bcf11f613-d_1280',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
            'like_count': int,
+            'tags': 'count:5',
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
        },
-        'expected_warnings': ['Unable to download JSON metadata'],
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
    }, {
        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/ondemand/nazmaalik',
        'only_matching': True,
@@ -1237,7 +1267,7 @@ class VimeoUserIE(VimeoChannelIE):  # XXX: Do not subclass from concrete IE
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/nkistudio/videos',
        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Nki',
+            'title': 'AKAMA',
            'id': 'nkistudio',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 66,
@@ -1370,10 +1400,10 @@ class VimeoReviewIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
            'uploader_id': 'user170863801',
            'uploader_url': 'https://vimeo.com/user170863801',
            'duration': 30,
-            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1912612821-09a43bd2e75c203d503aed89de7534f28fc4474a48f59c51999716931a246af5-d_1280',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
        },
        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
-        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML'],
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
    }, {
        'url': 'https://vimeo.com/user21297594/review/75524534/3c257a1b5d',
        'md5': 'c507a72f780cacc12b2248bb4006d253',
@@ -1423,12 +1453,8 @@ class VimeoReviewIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
        user, video_id, review_hash = self._match_valid_url(url).group('user', 'id', 'hash')
        data_url = f'https://vimeo.com/{user}/review/data/{video_id}/{review_hash}'
        data = self._download_json(data_url, video_id)
-        viewer = {}
        if data.get('isLocked') is True:
-            video_password = self._get_video_password()
-            viewer = self._download_json(
-                'https://vimeo.com/_rv/viewer', video_id)
-            self._verify_video_password(video_id, video_password, viewer['xsrft'])
+            self._verify_video_password(video_id)
            data = self._download_json(data_url, video_id)
        clip_data = data['clipData']
        config_url = clip_data['configUrl']
@@ -1436,7 +1462,7 @@ class VimeoReviewIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
        info_dict = self._parse_config(config, video_id)
        source_format = self._extract_original_format(
            f'https://vimeo.com/{user}/review/{video_id}/{review_hash}/action',
-            video_id, unlisted_hash=clip_data.get('unlistedHash'), jwt=viewer.get('jwt'))
+            video_id, unlisted_hash=clip_data.get('unlistedHash'))
        if source_format:
            info_dict['formats'].append(source_format)
        info_dict['description'] = clean_html(clip_data.get('description'))
@@ -1528,20 +1554,22 @@ class VimeoProIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
            'uploader_id': 'openstreetmapus',
            'uploader': 'OpenStreetMap US',
            'title': 'Andy Allan - Putting the Carto into OpenStreetMap Cartography',
-            'description': 'md5:2c362968038d4499f4d79f88458590c1',
+            'description': 'md5:8cf69a1a435f2d763f4adf601e9c3125',
            'duration': 1595,
            'upload_date': '20130610',
-            'timestamp': 1370893156,
+            'timestamp': 1370907556,
            'license': 'by',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/440260469-19b0d92fca3bd84066623b53f1eb8aaa3980c6c809e2d67b6b39ab7b4a77a344-d_960',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
            'view_count': int,
            'comment_count': int,
            'like_count': int,
-            'tags': 'count:1',
+            'release_timestamp': 1370907556,
+            'release_date': '20130610',
        },
        'params': {
            'format': 'best[protocol=https]',
        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
    }, {
        # password-protected VimeoPro page with Vimeo player embed
        'url': 'https://vimeopro.com/cadfem/simulation-conference-mechanische-systeme-in-perfektion',
@@ -1549,7 +1577,7 @@ class VimeoProIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
            'id': '764543723',
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': 'Mechanische Systeme in Perfektion: Realität erfassen, Innovation treiben',
-            'thumbnail': 'https://i.vimeocdn.com/video/1543784598-a1a750494a485e601110136b9fe11e28c2131942452b3a5d30391cb3800ca8fd-d_1280',
+            'thumbnail': r're:https://i\.vimeocdn\.com/video/\d+-[\da-f]+-d',
            'description': 'md5:2a9d195cd1b0f6f79827107dc88c2420',
            'uploader': 'CADFEM',
            'uploader_id': 'cadfem',
@@ -1561,6 +1589,7 @@ class VimeoProIE(VimeoBaseInfoExtractor):
            'videopassword': 'Conference2022',
            'skip_download': True,
        },
+        'expected_warnings': ['Failed to parse XML: not well-formed'],
    }]

    def _real_extract(self, url):
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/vk.py
@@ -300,6 +300,24 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                'upload_date': '20250130',
            },
        },
+        {
+            'url': 'https://vkvideo.ru/video-50883936_456244102',
+            'info_dict': {
+                'id': '-50883936_456244102',
+                'ext': 'mp4',
+                'title': 'Добивание Украины // Техник в коме // МОЯ ЗЛОСТЬ №140',
+                'description': 'md5:a9bc46181e9ebd0fdd82cef6c0191140',
+                'uploader': 'Стас Ай, Как Просто!',
+                'uploader_id': '-50883936',
+                'comment_count': int,
+                'like_count': int,
+                'duration': 4651,
+                'thumbnail': r're:https?://.+\.jpg',
+                'chapters': 'count:59',
+                'timestamp': 1743333869,
+                'upload_date': '20250330',
+            },
+        },
        {
            # live stream, hls and rtmp links, most likely already finished live
            # stream by the time you are reading this comment
@@ -540,11 +558,11 @@ class VKIE(VKBaseIE):
                'title': ('md_title', {unescapeHTML}),
                'description': ('description', {clean_html}, filter),
                'thumbnail': ('jpg', {url_or_none}),
-                'uploader': ('md_author', {str}),
+                'uploader': ('md_author', {unescapeHTML}),
                'uploader_id': (('author_id', 'authorId'), {str_or_none}, any),
                'duration': ('duration', {int_or_none}),
                'chapters': ('time_codes', lambda _, v: isinstance(v['time'], int), {
-                    'title': ('text', {str}),
+                    'title': ('text', {unescapeHTML}),
                    'start_time': 'time',
                }),
            }),
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/yandexvideo.py
@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@ import itertools

 from .common import InfoExtractor
 from ..utils import (
+    bug_reports_message,
    determine_ext,
-    extract_attributes,
    int_or_none,
    lowercase_escape,
    parse_qs,
-    traverse_obj,
+    qualities,
    try_get,
+    update_url_query,
    url_or_none,
 )
+from ..utils.traversal import traverse_obj


 class YandexVideoIE(InfoExtractor):
@@ -186,7 +188,22 @@ class YandexVideoPreviewIE(InfoExtractor):
        return self.url_result(data_json['video']['url'])


-class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
+class ZenYandexBaseIE(InfoExtractor):
+    def _fetch_ssr_data(self, url, video_id):
+        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
+        redirect = self._search_json(
+            r'(?:var|let|const)\s+it\s*=', webpage, 'redirect', video_id, default={}).get('retpath')
+        if redirect:
+            video_id = self._match_id(redirect)
+            webpage = self._download_webpage(redirect, video_id, note='Redirecting')
+        return video_id, self._search_json(
+            r'(?:var|let|const)\s+_params\s*=\s*\(', webpage, 'metadata', video_id,
+            contains_pattern=r'{["\']ssrData.+}')['ssrData']
+
+
+class ZenYandexIE(ZenYandexBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'dzen.ru'
+    IE_DESC = 'Дзен (dzen) formerly Яндекс.Дзен (Yandex Zen)'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(zen\.yandex|dzen)\.ru(?:/video)?/(media|watch)/(?:(?:id/[^/]+/|[^/]+/)(?:[a-z0-9-]+)-)?(?P<id>[a-z0-9-]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/606fd806cc13cb3c58c05cf5/vot-eto-focus-dedy-morozy-na-gidrociklah-60c7c443da18892ebfe85ed7',
@@ -216,6 +233,7 @@ class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
            'timestamp': 1573465585,
        },
        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
+        'skip': 'The page does not exist',
    }, {
        'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/video/watch/6002240ff8b1af50bb2da5e3',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -227,6 +245,9 @@ class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
            'uploader': 'TechInsider',
            'timestamp': 1611378221,
            'upload_date': '20210123',
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 243,
+            'tags': ['опыт', 'эксперимент', 'огонь'],
        },
        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
@@ -240,6 +261,9 @@ class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):
            'uploader': 'TechInsider',
            'upload_date': '20210123',
            'timestamp': 1611378221,
+            'view_count': int,
+            'duration': 243,
+            'tags': ['опыт', 'эксперимент', 'огонь'],
        },
        'params': {'skip_download': 'm3u8'},
    }, {
@@ -252,44 +276,56 @@ class ZenYandexIE(InfoExtractor):

    def _real_extract(self, url):
        video_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, video_id)
-        redirect = self._search_json(r'var it\s*=', webpage, 'redirect', id, default={}).get('retpath')
-        if redirect:
-            video_id = self._match_id(redirect)
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(redirect, video_id, note='Redirecting')
-        data_json = self._search_json(
-            r'("data"\s*:|data\s*=)', webpage, 'metadata', video_id, contains_pattern=r'{["\']_*serverState_*video.+}')
-        serverstate = self._search_regex(r'(_+serverState_+video-site_[^_]+_+)', webpage, 'server state')
-        uploader = self._search_regex(r'(<a\s*class=["\']card-channel-link[^"\']+["\'][^>]+>)',
-                                      webpage, 'uploader', default='<a>')
-        uploader_name = extract_attributes(uploader).get('aria-label')
-        item_id = traverse_obj(data_json, (serverstate, 'videoViewer', 'openedItemId', {str}))
-        video_json = traverse_obj(data_json, (serverstate, 'videoViewer', 'items', item_id, {dict})) or {}
+        video_id, ssr_data = self._fetch_ssr_data(url, video_id)
+        video_data = ssr_data['videoMetaResponse']

        formats, subtitles = [], {}
-        for s_url in traverse_obj(video_json, ('video', 'streams', ..., {url_or_none})):
+        quality = qualities(('4', '0', '1', '2', '3', '5', '6', '7'))
+        # Deduplicate stream URLs. The "dzen_dash" query parameter is present in some URLs but can be omitted
+        stream_urls = set(traverse_obj(video_data, (
+            'video', ('id', ('streams', ...), ('mp4Streams', ..., 'url'), ('oneVideoStreams', ..., 'url')),
+            {url_or_none}, {update_url_query(query={'dzen_dash': []})})))
+        for s_url in stream_urls:
            ext = determine_ext(s_url)
-            if ext == 'mpd':
-                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(s_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash')
-            elif ext == 'm3u8':
-                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(s_url, video_id, 'mp4')
+            content_type = traverse_obj(parse_qs(s_url), ('ct', 0))
+            if ext == 'mpd' or content_type == '6':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_mpd_formats_and_subtitles(s_url, video_id, mpd_id='dash', fatal=False)
+            elif ext == 'm3u8' or content_type == '8':
+                fmts, subs = self._extract_m3u8_formats_and_subtitles(s_url, video_id, 'mp4', m3u8_id='hls', fatal=False)
+            elif content_type == '0':
+                format_type = traverse_obj(parse_qs(s_url), ('type', 0))
+                formats.append({
+                    'url': s_url,
+                    'format_id': format_type,
+                    'ext': 'mp4',
+                    'quality': quality(format_type),
+                })
+                continue
+            else:
+                self.report_warning(f'Unsupported stream URL: {s_url}{bug_reports_message()}')
+                continue
            formats.extend(fmts)
-            subtitles = self._merge_subtitles(subtitles, subs)
+            self._merge_subtitles(subs, target=subtitles)
+
        return {
            'id': video_id,
-            'title': video_json.get('title') or self._og_search_title(webpage),
            'formats': formats,
            'subtitles': subtitles,
-            'duration': int_or_none(video_json.get('duration')),
-            'view_count': int_or_none(video_json.get('views')),
-            'timestamp': int_or_none(video_json.get('publicationDate')),
-            'uploader': uploader_name or data_json.get('authorName') or try_get(data_json, lambda x: x['publisher']['name']),
-            'description': video_json.get('description') or self._og_search_description(webpage),
-            'thumbnail': self._og_search_thumbnail(webpage) or try_get(data_json, lambda x: x['og']['imageUrl']),
+            **traverse_obj(video_data, {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+                'thumbnail': ('image', {url_or_none}),
+                'duration': ('video', 'duration', {int_or_none}),
+                'view_count': ('video', 'views', {int_or_none}),
+                'timestamp': ('publicationDate', {int_or_none}),
+                'tags': ('tags', ..., {str}),
+                'uploader': ('source', 'title', {str}),
+            }),
        }


-class ZenYandexChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
+class ZenYandexChannelIE(ZenYandexBaseIE):
+    IE_NAME = 'dzen.ru:channel'
    _VALID_URL = r'https?://(zen\.yandex|dzen)\.ru/(?!media|video)(?:id/)?(?P<id>[a-z0-9-_]+)'
    _TESTS = [{
        'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/tok_media',
@@ -323,8 +359,8 @@ class ZenYandexChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
        'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/jony_me',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'jony_me',
-            'description': 'md5:ce0a5cad2752ab58701b5497835b2cc5',
-            'title': 'JONY ',
+            'description': 'md5:7c30d11dc005faba8826feae99da3113',
+            'title': 'JONY',
        },
        'playlist_count': 18,
    }, {
@@ -333,9 +369,8 @@ class ZenYandexChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
        'url': 'https://zen.yandex.ru/tatyanareva',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'tatyanareva',
-            'description': 'md5:40a1e51f174369ec3ba9d657734ac31f',
+            'description': 'md5:92e56fa730a932ca2483ba5c2186ad96',
            'title': 'Татьяна Рева',
-            'entries': 'maxcount:200',
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 46,
    }, {
@@ -348,43 +383,31 @@ class ZenYandexChannelIE(InfoExtractor):
        'playlist_mincount': 657,
    }]

-    def _entries(self, item_id, server_state_json, server_settings_json):
-        items = (traverse_obj(server_state_json, ('feed', 'items', ...))
-                 or traverse_obj(server_settings_json, ('exportData', 'items', ...)))
-
-        more = (traverse_obj(server_state_json, ('links', 'more'))
-                or traverse_obj(server_settings_json, ('exportData', 'more', 'link')))
-
+    def _entries(self, feed_data, channel_id):
        next_page_id = None
        for page in itertools.count(1):
-            for item in items or []:
-                if item.get('type') != 'gif':
-                    continue
-                video_id = traverse_obj(item, 'publication_id', 'publicationId') or ''
-                yield self.url_result(item['link'], ZenYandexIE, video_id.split(':')[-1])
+            for item in traverse_obj(feed_data, (
+                (None, ('items', lambda _, v: v['tab'] in ('shorts', 'longs'))),
+                'items', lambda _, v: url_or_none(v['link']),
+            )):
+                yield self.url_result(item['link'], ZenYandexIE, item.get('id'), title=item.get('title'))

+            more = traverse_obj(feed_data, ('more', 'link', {url_or_none}))
            current_page_id = next_page_id
            next_page_id = traverse_obj(parse_qs(more), ('next_page_id', -1))
-            if not all((more, items, next_page_id, next_page_id != current_page_id)):
+            if not all((more, next_page_id, next_page_id != current_page_id)):
                break

-            data = self._download_json(more, item_id, note=f'Downloading Page {page}')
-            items, more = data.get('items'), traverse_obj(data, ('more', 'link'))
+            feed_data = self._download_json(more, channel_id, note=f'Downloading Page {page}')

    def _real_extract(self, url):
-        item_id = self._match_id(url)
-        webpage = self._download_webpage(url, item_id)
-        redirect = self._search_json(
-            r'var it\s*=', webpage, 'redirect', item_id, default={}).get('retpath')
-        if redirect:
-            item_id = self._match_id(redirect)
-            webpage = self._download_webpage(redirect, item_id, note='Redirecting')
-        data = self._search_json(
-            r'("data"\s*:|data\s*=)', webpage, 'channel data', item_id, contains_pattern=r'{\"__serverState__.+}')
-        server_state_json = traverse_obj(data, lambda k, _: k.startswith('__serverState__'), get_all=False)
-        server_settings_json = traverse_obj(data, lambda k, _: k.startswith('__serverSettings__'), get_all=False)
+        channel_id = self._match_id(url)
+        channel_id, ssr_data = self._fetch_ssr_data(url, channel_id)
+        channel_data = ssr_data['exportResponse']

        return self.playlist_result(
-            self._entries(item_id, server_state_json, server_settings_json),
-            item_id, traverse_obj(server_state_json, ('channel', 'source', 'title')),
-            traverse_obj(server_state_json, ('channel', 'source', 'description')))
+            self._entries(channel_data['feedData'], channel_id),
+            channel_id, **traverse_obj(channel_data, ('channel', 'source', {
+                'title': ('title', {str}),
+                'description': ('description', {str}),
+            })))
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_base.py
@@ -417,6 +417,8 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):

    _NETRC_MACHINE = 'youtube'

+    _COOKIE_HOWTO_WIKI_URL = 'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#exporting-youtube-cookies'
+
    def ucid_or_none(self, ucid):
        return self._search_regex(rf'^({self._YT_CHANNEL_UCID_RE})$', ucid, 'UC-id', default=None)

@@ -451,17 +453,15 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
        return preferred_lang

    def _initialize_consent(self):
-        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
-        if cookies.get('__Secure-3PSID'):
+        if self._has_auth_cookies:
            return
-        socs = cookies.get('SOCS')
+        socs = self._youtube_cookies.get('SOCS')
        if socs and not socs.value.startswith('CAA'):  # not consented
            return
        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', 'SOCS', 'CAI', secure=True)  # accept all (required for mixes)

    def _initialize_pref(self):
-        cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com/')
-        pref_cookie = cookies.get('PREF')
+        pref_cookie = self._youtube_cookies.get('PREF')
        pref = {}
        if pref_cookie:
            try:
@@ -472,8 +472,9 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
        self._set_cookie('.youtube.com', name='PREF', value=urllib.parse.urlencode(pref))

    def _initialize_cookie_auth(self):
-        yt_sapisid, yt_1psapisid, yt_3psapisid = self._get_sid_cookies()
-        if yt_sapisid or yt_1psapisid or yt_3psapisid:
+        self._passed_auth_cookies = False
+        if self._has_auth_cookies:
+            self._passed_auth_cookies = True
            self.write_debug('Found YouTube account cookies')

    def _real_initialize(self):
@@ -492,8 +493,7 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):

    @property
    def _youtube_login_hint(self):
-        return (f'{self._login_hint(method="cookies")}. Also see  '
-                'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#exporting-youtube-cookies  '
+        return (f'{self._login_hint(method="cookies")}. Also see  {self._COOKIE_HOWTO_WIKI_URL}  '
                'for tips on effectively exporting YouTube cookies')

    def _check_login_required(self):
@@ -553,12 +553,16 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):

        return f'{scheme} {"_".join(parts)}'

+    @property
+    def _youtube_cookies(self):
+        return self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com')
+
    def _get_sid_cookies(self):
        """
        Get SAPISID, 1PSAPISID, 3PSAPISID cookie values
        @returns sapisid, 1psapisid, 3psapisid
        """
-        yt_cookies = self._get_cookies('https://www.youtube.com')
+        yt_cookies = self._youtube_cookies
        yt_sapisid = try_call(lambda: yt_cookies['SAPISID'].value)
        yt_3papisid = try_call(lambda: yt_cookies['__Secure-3PAPISID'].value)
        yt_1papisid = try_call(lambda: yt_cookies['__Secure-1PAPISID'].value)
@@ -595,6 +599,31 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):

        return ' '.join(authorizations)

+    @property
+    def is_authenticated(self):
+        return self._has_auth_cookies
+
+    @property
+    def _has_auth_cookies(self):
+        yt_sapisid, yt_1psapisid, yt_3psapisid = self._get_sid_cookies()
+        # YouTube doesn't appear to clear 3PSAPISID when rotating cookies (as of 2025-04-26)
+        # But LOGIN_INFO is cleared and should exist if logged in
+        has_login_info = 'LOGIN_INFO' in self._youtube_cookies
+        return bool(has_login_info and (yt_sapisid or yt_1psapisid or yt_3psapisid))
+
+    def _request_webpage(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        response = super()._request_webpage(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Check that we are still logged-in and cookies have not rotated after every request
+        if getattr(self, '_passed_auth_cookies', None) and not self._has_auth_cookies:
+            self.report_warning(
+                'The provided YouTube account cookies are no longer valid. '
+                'They have likely been rotated in the browser as a security measure. '
+                f'For tips on how to effectively export YouTube cookies, refer to  {self._COOKIE_HOWTO_WIKI_URL} .',
+                only_once=False)
+
+        return response
+
    def _call_api(self, ep, query, video_id, fatal=True, headers=None,
                  note='Downloading API JSON', errnote='Unable to download API page',
                  context=None, api_key=None, api_hostname=None, default_client='web'):
@@ -695,10 +724,6 @@ class YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor(InfoExtractor):
            args, [('VISITOR_DATA', ('INNERTUBE_CONTEXT', 'client', 'visitorData'), ('responseContext', 'visitorData'))],
            expected_type=str)

-    @functools.cached_property
-    def is_authenticated(self):
-        return bool(self._get_sid_authorization_header())
-
    def extract_ytcfg(self, video_id, webpage):
        if not webpage:
            return {}
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_tab.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_tab.py
@@ -524,10 +524,16 @@ class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            response = self._extract_response(
                item_id=f'{item_id} page {page_num}',
                query=continuation, headers=headers, ytcfg=ytcfg,
-                check_get_keys=('continuationContents', 'onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints'))
+                check_get_keys=(
+                    'continuationContents', 'onResponseReceivedActions', 'onResponseReceivedEndpoints',
+                    # Playlist recommendations may return with no data - ignore
+                    ('responseContext', 'serviceTrackingParams', ..., 'params', ..., lambda k, v: k == 'key' and v == 'GetRecommendedMusicPlaylists_rid'),
+                ))

            if not response:
                break
+
+            continuation = None
            # Extracting updated visitor data is required to prevent an infinite extraction loop in some cases
            # See: https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/28702
            visitor_data = self._extract_visitor_data(response) or visitor_data
@@ -564,7 +570,13 @@ class YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                yield from func(video_items_renderer)
                continuation = continuation_list[0] or self._extract_continuation(video_items_renderer)

-            if not video_items_renderer:
+            # In the case only a continuation is returned, try to follow it.
+            # We extract this after trying to extract non-continuation items as otherwise this
+            # may be prioritized over other continuations.
+            # see: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12933
+            continuation = continuation or self._extract_continuation({'contents': [continuation_item]})
+
+            if not continuation and not video_items_renderer:
                break

    @staticmethod
@@ -999,14 +1011,14 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'playlist_mincount': 94,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'title': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D. - Playlists',
+            'title': 'Igor Kleiner  - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:15d7dd9e333cb987907fcb0d604b233a',
-            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
+            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner ',
            'uploader_id': '@IgorDataScience',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@IgorDataScience',
-            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
+            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner ',
            'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'tags': ['критическое мышление', 'наука просто', 'математика', 'анализ данных'],
+            'tags': 'count:23',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'channel_follower_count': int,
        },
@@ -1016,18 +1028,19 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'playlist_mincount': 94,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'title': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D. - Playlists',
+            'title': 'Igor Kleiner  - Playlists',
            'description': 'md5:15d7dd9e333cb987907fcb0d604b233a',
-            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
+            'uploader': 'Igor Kleiner ',
            'uploader_id': '@IgorDataScience',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@IgorDataScience',
-            'tags': ['критическое мышление', 'наука просто', 'математика', 'анализ данных'],
+            'tags': 'count:23',
            'channel_id': 'UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
-            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner Ph.D.',
+            'channel': 'Igor Kleiner ',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCqj7Cz7revf5maW9g5pgNcg',
            'channel_follower_count': int,
        },
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix channel_is_verified extraction
        'note': 'playlists, series',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/playlists?view=50&sort=dd&shelf_id=3',
        'playlist_mincount': 5,
@@ -1066,22 +1079,23 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/ChristophLaimer/playlists',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix availability extraction
        'note': 'basic, single video playlist',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt5yu3-wZAlSLRHmI1qNm0wjyVNWw1pCU',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'PL4lCao7KL_QFVb7Iudeipvc2BCavECqzc',
-            'title': 'youtube-dl public playlist',
+            'id': 'PLt5yu3-wZAlSLRHmI1qNm0wjyVNWw1pCU',
+            'title': 'single video playlist',
            'description': '',
            'tags': [],
            'view_count': int,
-            'modified_date': '20201130',
-            'channel': 'Sergey M.',
-            'channel_id': 'UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
+            'modified_date': '20250417',
+            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader': 'Sergey M.',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sergeym.6173',
-            'uploader_id': '@sergeym.6173',
+            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
        },
        'playlist_count': 1,
    }, {
@@ -1171,11 +1185,11 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 17,
    }, {
-        'note': 'Community tab',
+        'note': 'Posts tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/community',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'title': 'lex will - Community',
+            'title': 'lex will - Posts',
            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
            'channel': 'lex will',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
@@ -1188,30 +1202,14 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 18,
    }, {
-        'note': 'Channels tab',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w/channels',
-        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'title': 'lex will - Channels',
-            'description': 'md5:2163c5d0ff54ed5f598d6a7e6211e488',
-            'channel': 'lex will',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'channel_id': 'UCKfVa3S1e4PHvxWcwyMMg8w',
-            'tags': ['bible', 'history', 'prophesy'],
-            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@lexwill718',
-            'uploader_id': '@lexwill718',
-            'uploader': 'lex will',
-        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 12,
-    }, {
+        # TODO: fix channel_is_verified extraction
        'note': 'Search tab',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/3blue1brown/search?query=linear%20algebra',
        'playlist_mincount': 40,
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'title': '3Blue1Brown - Search - linear algebra',
-            'description': 'md5:4d1da95432004b7ba840ebc895b6b4c9',
+            'description': 'md5:602e3789e6a0cb7d9d352186b720e395',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'tags': ['Mathematics'],
            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
@@ -1232,6 +1230,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/channel/UCmlqkdCBesrv2Lak1mF_MxA',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix availability extraction
        'note': 'Playlist with deleted videos (#651). As a bonus, the video #51 is also twice in this list.',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwP_SiAcdui0KVebT0mU9Apz359a4ubsC',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -1294,24 +1293,25 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        },
        'playlist_mincount': 21,
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix availability extraction
        'note': 'Playlist with "show unavailable videos" button',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYwq8WOe86_xGmR7FrcJq8Sb7VW8K3Tt2',
        'info_dict': {
-            'title': 'Uploads from Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
-            'id': 'UUTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+            'title': 'The Memes Of 2010s.....',
+            'id': 'PLYwq8WOe86_xGmR7FrcJq8Sb7VW8K3Tt2',
            'view_count': int,
-            'channel': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
+            'channel': "I'm Not JiNxEd",
            'tags': [],
-            'description': '',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
-            'channel_id': 'UCTYLiWFZy8xtPwxFwX9rV7Q',
+            'description': 'md5:44dc3b315ba69394feaafa2f40e7b2a1',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC5H5H85D1QE5-fuWWQ1hdNg',
+            'channel_id': 'UC5H5H85D1QE5-fuWWQ1hdNg',
            'modified_date': r're:\d{8}',
            'availability': 'public',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@phimsieunhannhatban',
-            'uploader_id': '@phimsieunhannhatban',
-            'uploader': 'Phim Siêu Nhân Nhật Bản',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@imnotjinxed1998',
+            'uploader_id': '@imnotjinxed1998',
+            'uploader': "I'm Not JiNxEd",
        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 200,
+        'playlist_mincount': 150,
        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
    }, {
        'note': 'Playlist with unavailable videos in page 7',
@@ -1334,6 +1334,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'playlist_mincount': 1000,
        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix availability extraction
        'note': 'https://github.com/ytdl-org/youtube-dl/issues/21844',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLzH6n4zXuckpfMu_4Ff8E7Z1behQks5ba',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -1384,7 +1385,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
    }, {
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoMdktPbSTixAyNGwb-UYkQ/live',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'hGkQjiJLjWQ',  # This will keep changing
+            'id': 'YDvsBbKfLPA',  # This will keep changing
            'ext': 'mp4',
            'title': str,
            'upload_date': r're:\d{8}',
@@ -1409,6 +1410,8 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
            'uploader_id': '@SkyNews',
            'uploader': 'Sky News',
            'channel_is_verified': True,
+            'media_type': 'livestream',
+            'timestamp': int,
        },
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
@@ -1496,6 +1499,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC1a8OFewdjuLq6KlF8M_8Ng',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix availability extraction
        'note': 'VLPL, should redirect to playlist?list=PL...',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/VLPLRBp0Fe2GpgmgoscNFLxNyBVSFVdYmFkq',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -1537,6 +1541,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
    }, {
        # Destination channel with only a hidden self tab (tab id is UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg)
        # Treat as a general feed
+        # TODO: fix extraction
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCtFRv9O2AHqOZjjynzrv-xg',
@@ -1560,21 +1565,21 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'expected_warnings': ['YouTube Music is not directly supported'],
    }, {
        'note': 'unlisted single video playlist',
-        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt5yu3-wZAlQLfIN0MMgp0wVV6MP3bM4_',
        'info_dict': {
-            'id': 'PLwL24UFy54GrB3s2KMMfjZscDi1x5Dajf',
-            'title': 'yt-dlp unlisted playlist test',
+            'id': 'PLt5yu3-wZAlQLfIN0MMgp0wVV6MP3bM4_',
+            'title': 'unlisted playlist',
            'availability': 'unlisted',
            'tags': [],
-            'modified_date': '20220418',
-            'channel': 'colethedj',
+            'modified_date': '20250417',
+            'channel': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
            'view_count': int,
            'description': '',
-            'channel_id': 'UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
-            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC9zHu_mHU96r19o-wV5Qs1Q',
-            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@colethedj1894',
-            'uploader_id': '@colethedj1894',
-            'uploader': 'colethedj',
+            'channel_id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader_id': '@coletdjnz',
+            'uploader': 'cole-dlp-test-acc',
        },
        'playlist': [{
            'info_dict': {
@@ -1596,6 +1601,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'playlist_count': 1,
        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
    }, {
+        # By default, recommended is always empty.
        'note': 'API Fallback: Recommended - redirects to home page. Requires visitorData',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/recommended',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -1603,7 +1609,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
            'title': 'recommended',
            'tags': [],
        },
-        'playlist_mincount': 50,
+        'playlist_count': 0,
        'params': {
            'skip_download': True,
            'extractor_args': {'youtubetab': {'skip': ['webpage']}},
@@ -1628,6 +1634,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        },
        'skip': 'Query for sorting no longer works',
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix 'unviewable' issue with this playlist when reloading with unavailable videos
        'note': 'API Fallback: Topic, should redirect to playlist?list=UU...',
        'url': 'https://music.youtube.com/browse/UC9ALqqC4aIeG5iDs7i90Bfw',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -1654,11 +1661,12 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwVVpHQ2Cs9iGJfpdFngePQ',
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix metadata extraction
        'note': 'collaborative playlist (uploader name in the form "by <uploader> and x other(s)")',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLx-_-Kk4c89oOHEDQAojOXzEzemXxoqx6',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'PLx-_-Kk4c89oOHEDQAojOXzEzemXxoqx6',
-            'modified_date': '20220407',
+            'modified_date': '20250115',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCKcqXmCcyqnhgpA5P0oHH_Q',
            'tags': [],
            'availability': 'unlisted',
@@ -1692,6 +1700,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'expected_warnings': ['Preferring "ja"'],
    }, {
        # XXX: this should really check flat playlist entries, but the test suite doesn't support that
+        # TODO: fix availability extraction
        'note': 'preferred lang set with playlist with translated video titles',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLt5yu3-wZAlQAaPZ5Z-rJoTdbT-45Q7c0',
        'info_dict': {
@@ -1714,6 +1723,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
    }, {
        # shorts audio pivot for 2GtVksBMYFM.
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/feed/sfv_audio_pivot?bp=8gUrCikSJwoLMkd0VmtzQk1ZRk0SCzJHdFZrc0JNWUZNGgsyR3RWa3NCTVlGTQ==',
+        # TODO: fix extraction
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'sfv_audio_pivot',
            'title': 'sfv_audio_pivot',
@@ -1751,6 +1761,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'playlist_mincount': 8,
    }, {
        # Should get three playlists for videos, shorts and streams tabs
+        # TODO: fix channel_is_verified extraction
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
@@ -1758,7 +1769,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
            'channel_follower_count': int,
            'channel_id': 'UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCK9V2B22uJYu3N7eR_BT9QA',
-            'description': 'md5:49809d8bf9da539bc48ed5d1f83c33f2',
+            'description': 'md5:01e53f350ab8ad6fcf7c4fedb3c1b99f',
            'channel': 'Polka Ch. 尾丸ポルカ',
            'tags': 'count:35',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@OmaruPolka',
@@ -1769,14 +1780,14 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'playlist_count': 3,
    }, {
        # Shorts tab with channel with handle
-        # TODO: fix channel description
+        # TODO: fix channel_is_verified extraction
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@NotJustBikes/shorts',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
            'title': 'Not Just Bikes - Shorts',
            'tags': 'count:10',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
-            'description': 'md5:5e82545b3a041345927a92d0585df247',
+            'description': 'md5:1d9fc1bad7f13a487299d1fe1712e031',
            'channel_follower_count': int,
            'channel_id': 'UC0intLFzLaudFG-xAvUEO-A',
            'channel': 'Not Just Bikes',
@@ -1797,7 +1808,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC3eYAvjCVwNHgkaGbXX3sig',
            'channel': '中村悠一',
            'channel_follower_count': int,
-            'description': 'md5:e744f6c93dafa7a03c0c6deecb157300',
+            'description': 'md5:e8fd705073a594f27d6d6d020da560dc',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@Yuichi-Nakamura',
            'uploader_id': '@Yuichi-Nakamura',
            'uploader': '中村悠一',
@@ -1815,6 +1826,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'only_matching': True,
    }, {
        # No videos tab but has a shorts tab
+        # TODO: fix metadata extraction
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/c/TKFShorts',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCgJ5_1F6yJhYLnyMszUdmUg',
@@ -1851,6 +1863,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
    }, {
        # Shorts url result in shorts tab
        # TODO: Fix channel id extraction
+        # TODO: fix test suite, 208163447408c78673b08c172beafe5c310fb167 broke this test
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA/shorts',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
@@ -1879,6 +1892,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
    }, {
        # Live video status should be extracted
+        # TODO: fix test suite, 208163447408c78673b08c172beafe5c310fb167 broke this test
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg/live',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCQvWX73GQygcwXOTSf_VDVg',
@@ -1907,6 +1921,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'playlist_mincount': 1,
    }, {
        # Channel renderer metadata. Contains number of videos on the channel
+        # TODO: channels tab removed, change this test to use another page with channel renderer
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA/channels',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCiu-3thuViMebBjw_5nWYrA',
@@ -1940,7 +1955,9 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
            },
        }],
        'params': {'extract_flat': True},
+        'skip': 'channels tab removed',
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix channel_is_verified extraction
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown/about',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': '@3blue1brown',
@@ -1950,7 +1967,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
            'channel_id': 'UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
            'channel': '3Blue1Brown',
            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYO_jab_esuFRV4b17AJtAw',
-            'description': 'md5:4d1da95432004b7ba840ebc895b6b4c9',
+            'description': 'md5:602e3789e6a0cb7d9d352186b720e395',
            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@3blue1brown',
            'uploader_id': '@3blue1brown',
            'uploader': '3Blue1Brown',
@@ -1976,6 +1993,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'playlist_count': 5,
    }, {
        # Releases tab, with rich entry playlistRenderers (same as Podcasts tab)
+        # TODO: fix channel_is_verified extraction
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@AHimitsu/releases',
        'info_dict': {
            'id': 'UCgFwu-j5-xNJml2FtTrrB3A',
@@ -2015,6 +2033,7 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
        'playlist_mincount': 100,
        'expected_warnings': [r'[Uu]navailable videos (are|will be) hidden'],
    }, {
+        # TODO: fix channel_is_verified extraction
        'note': 'Tags containing spaces',
        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC7_YxT-KID8kRbqZo7MyscQ',
        'playlist_count': 3,
@@ -2035,6 +2054,24 @@ class YoutubeTabIE(YoutubeTabBaseInfoExtractor):
                     'challenges', 'sketches', 'scary games', 'funny games', 'rage games',
                     'mark fischbach'],
        },
+    }, {
+        # https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12933
+        'note': 'streams tab, some scheduled streams. Empty intermediate response with only continuation - must follow',
+        'url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sbcitygov/streams',
+        'playlist_mincount': 150,
+        'info_dict': {
+            'id': 'UCH6-qfQwlUgz9SAf05jvc_w',
+            'channel': 'sbcitygov',
+            'channel_id': 'UCH6-qfQwlUgz9SAf05jvc_w',
+            'title': 'sbcitygov - Live',
+            'channel_follower_count': int,
+            'description': 'md5:ca1a92059835c071e33b3db52f4a6d67',
+            'uploader_id': '@sbcitygov',
+            'uploader_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/@sbcitygov',
+            'uploader': 'sbcitygov',
+            'channel_url': 'https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCH6-qfQwlUgz9SAf05jvc_w',
+            'tags': [],
+        },
    }]

    @classmethod
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/youtube/_video.py
@@ -1982,7 +1982,9 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
    def _player_js_cache_key(self, player_url):
        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
        player_path = remove_start(urllib.parse.urlparse(player_url).path, f'/s/player/{player_id}/')
-        variant = self._INVERSE_PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP.get(player_path)
+        variant = self._INVERSE_PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP.get(player_path) or next((
+            v for k, v in self._INVERSE_PLAYER_JS_VARIANT_MAP.items()
+            if re.fullmatch(re.escape(k).replace('en_US', r'[a-zA-Z0-9_]+'), player_path)), None)
        if not variant:
            self.write_debug(
                f'Unable to determine player JS variant\n'
@@ -2120,23 +2122,23 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            return ret
        return inner

-    def _load_nsig_code_from_cache(self, player_url):
-        cache_id = ('youtube-nsig', self._player_js_cache_key(player_url))
+    def _load_player_data_from_cache(self, name, player_url):
+        cache_id = (f'youtube-{name}', self._player_js_cache_key(player_url))

-        if func_code := self._player_cache.get(cache_id):
-            return func_code
+        if data := self._player_cache.get(cache_id):
+            return data

-        func_code = self.cache.load(*cache_id, min_ver='2025.03.31')
-        if func_code:
-            self._player_cache[cache_id] = func_code
+        data = self.cache.load(*cache_id, min_ver='2025.03.31')
+        if data:
+            self._player_cache[cache_id] = data

-        return func_code
+        return data

-    def _store_nsig_code_to_cache(self, player_url, func_code):
-        cache_id = ('youtube-nsig', self._player_js_cache_key(player_url))
+    def _store_player_data_to_cache(self, name, player_url, data):
+        cache_id = (f'youtube-{name}', self._player_js_cache_key(player_url))
        if cache_id not in self._player_cache:
-            self.cache.store(*cache_id, func_code)
-            self._player_cache[cache_id] = func_code
+            self.cache.store(*cache_id, data)
+            self._player_cache[cache_id] = data

    def _decrypt_signature(self, s, video_id, player_url):
        """Turn the encrypted s field into a working signature"""
@@ -2179,7 +2181,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):

        self.write_debug(f'Decrypted nsig {s} => {ret}')
        # Only cache nsig func JS code to disk if successful, and only once
-        self._store_nsig_code_to_cache(player_url, func_code)
+        self._store_player_data_to_cache('nsig', player_url, func_code)
        return ret

    def _extract_n_function_name(self, jscode, player_url=None):
@@ -2298,7 +2300,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):

    def _extract_n_function_code(self, video_id, player_url):
        player_id = self._extract_player_info(player_url)
-        func_code = self._load_nsig_code_from_cache(player_url)
+        func_code = self._load_player_data_from_cache('nsig', player_url)
        jscode = func_code or self._load_player(video_id, player_url)
        jsi = JSInterpreter(jscode)

@@ -2334,23 +2336,27 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
        Extract signatureTimestamp (sts)
        Required to tell API what sig/player version is in use.
        """
-        sts = None
-        if isinstance(ytcfg, dict):
-            sts = int_or_none(ytcfg.get('STS'))
+        if sts := traverse_obj(ytcfg, ('STS', {int_or_none})):
+            return sts
+
+        if not player_url:
+            error_msg = 'Cannot extract signature timestamp without player url'
+            if fatal:
+                raise ExtractorError(error_msg)
+            self.report_warning(error_msg)
+            return None
+
+        sts = self._load_player_data_from_cache('sts', player_url)
+        if sts:
+            return sts
+
+        if code := self._load_player(video_id, player_url, fatal=fatal):
+            sts = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
+                r'(?:signatureTimestamp|sts)\s*:\s*(?P<sts>[0-9]{5})', code,
+                'JS player signature timestamp', group='sts', fatal=fatal))
+            if sts:
+                self._store_player_data_to_cache('sts', player_url, sts)

-        if not sts:
-            # Attempt to extract from player
-            if player_url is None:
-                error_msg = 'Cannot extract signature timestamp without player_url.'
-                if fatal:
-                    raise ExtractorError(error_msg)
-                self.report_warning(error_msg)
-                return
-            code = self._load_player(video_id, player_url, fatal=fatal)
-            if code:
-                sts = int_or_none(self._search_regex(
-                    r'(?:signatureTimestamp|sts)\s*:\s*(?P<sts>[0-9]{5})', code,
-                    'JS player signature timestamp', group='sts', fatal=fatal))
        return sts

    def _mark_watched(self, video_id, player_responses):
@@ -3232,12 +3238,16 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                fmt_url = url_or_none(try_get(sc, lambda x: x['url'][0]))
                encrypted_sig = try_get(sc, lambda x: x['s'][0])
                if not all((sc, fmt_url, player_url, encrypted_sig)):
-                    self.report_warning(
-                        f'Some {client_name} client https formats have been skipped as they are missing a url. '
-                        f'{"Your account" if self.is_authenticated else "The current session"} may have '
-                        f'the SSAP (server-side ads) experiment which interferes with yt-dlp. '
-                        f'Please see  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12482  for more details.',
-                        video_id, only_once=True)
+                    msg = f'Some {client_name} client https formats have been skipped as they are missing a url. '
+                    if client_name == 'web':
+                        msg += 'YouTube is forcing SABR streaming for this client. '
+                    else:
+                        msg += (
+                            f'YouTube may have enabled the SABR-only or Server-Side Ad Placement experiment for '
+                            f'{"your account" if self.is_authenticated else "the current session"}. '
+                        )
+                    msg += 'See  https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12482  for more details'
+                    self.report_warning(msg, video_id, only_once=True)
                    continue
                try:
                    fmt_url += '&{}={}'.format(
@@ -3324,8 +3334,8 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                'width': int_or_none(fmt.get('width')),
                'language': join_nonempty(language_code, 'desc' if is_descriptive else '') or None,
                'language_preference': PREFERRED_LANG_VALUE if is_original else 5 if is_default else -10 if is_descriptive else -1,
-                # Strictly de-prioritize broken, damaged and 3gp formats
-                'preference': -20 if require_po_token else -10 if is_damaged else -2 if itag == '17' else None,
+                # Strictly de-prioritize damaged and 3gp formats
+                'preference': -10 if is_damaged else -2 if itag == '17' else None,
            }
            mime_mobj = re.match(
                r'((?:[^/]+)/(?:[^;]+))(?:;\s*codecs="([^"]+)")?', fmt.get('mimeType') or '')
@@ -3646,6 +3656,15 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
                if 'sign in' in reason.lower():
                    reason = remove_end(reason, 'This helps protect our community. Learn more')
                    reason = f'{remove_end(reason.strip(), ".")}. {self._youtube_login_hint}'
+                elif get_first(playability_statuses, ('errorScreen', 'playerCaptchaViewModel', {dict})):
+                    reason += '. YouTube is requiring a captcha challenge before playback'
+                elif "This content isn't available, try again later" in reason:
+                    reason = (
+                        f'{remove_end(reason.strip(), ".")}. {"Your account" if self.is_authenticated else "The current session"} '
+                        f'has been rate-limited by YouTube for up to an hour. It is recommended to use `-t sleep` to add a delay '
+                        f'between video requests to avoid exceeding the rate limit. For more information, refer to  '
+                        f'https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/wiki/Extractors#this-content-isnt-available-try-again-later'
+                    )
                self.raise_no_formats(reason, expected=True)

        keywords = get_first(video_details, 'keywords', expected_type=list) or []
@@ -3874,7 +3893,7 @@ class YoutubeIE(YoutubeBaseInfoExtractor):
            if not traverse_obj(initial_data, 'contents'):
                self.report_warning('Incomplete data received in embedded initial data; re-fetching using API.')
                initial_data = None
-        if not initial_data:
+        if not initial_data and 'initial_data' not in self._configuration_arg('player_skip'):
            query = {'videoId': video_id}
            query.update(self._get_checkok_params())
            initial_data = self._extract_response(
--- a/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/extractor/zdf.py
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/init.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/init.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import warnings

 from .common import (
    HEADRequest,
+    PATCHRequest,
    PUTRequest,
    Request,
    RequestDirector,
--- a/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/networking/common.py
@@ -505,6 +505,7 @@ class Request:


 HEADRequest = functools.partial(Request, method='HEAD')
+PATCHRequest = functools.partial(Request, method='PATCH')
 PUTRequest = functools.partial(Request, method='PUT')


--- a/yt_dlp/options.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/options.py
@@ -150,6 +150,15 @@ class _YoutubeDLHelpFormatter(optparse.IndentedHelpFormatter):
        return opts


+_PRESET_ALIASES = {
+    'mp3': ['-f', 'ba[acodec^=mp3]/ba/b', '-x', '--audio-format', 'mp3'],
+    'aac': ['-f', 'ba[acodec^=aac]/ba[acodec^=mp4a.40.]/ba/b', '-x', '--audio-format', 'aac'],
+    'mp4': ['--merge-output-format', 'mp4', '--remux-video', 'mp4', '-S', 'vcodec:h264,lang,quality,res,fps,hdr:12,acodec:aac'],
+    'mkv': ['--merge-output-format', 'mkv', '--remux-video', 'mkv'],
+    'sleep': ['--sleep-subtitles', '5', '--sleep-requests', '0.75', '--sleep-interval', '10', '--max-sleep-interval', '20'],
+}
+
+
 class _YoutubeDLOptionParser(optparse.OptionParser):
    # optparse is deprecated since Python 3.2. So assume a stable interface even for private methods
    ALIAS_DEST = '_triggered_aliases'
@@ -215,6 +224,22 @@ class _YoutubeDLOptionParser(optparse.OptionParser):
                return e.possibilities[0]
            raise

+    def format_option_help(self, formatter=None):
+        assert formatter, 'Formatter can not be None'
+        formatted_help = super().format_option_help(formatter=formatter)
+        formatter.indent()
+        heading = formatter.format_heading('Preset Aliases')
+        formatter.indent()
+        result = []
+        for name, args in _PRESET_ALIASES.items():
+            option = optparse.Option('-t', help=shlex.join(args))
+            formatter.option_strings[option] = f'-t {name}'
+            result.append(formatter.format_option(option))
+        formatter.dedent()
+        formatter.dedent()
+        help_lines = '\n'.join(result)
+        return f'{formatted_help}\n{heading}{help_lines}'
+

 def create_parser():
    def _list_from_options_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser, append=True, delim=',', process=str.strip):
@@ -317,6 +342,13 @@ def create_parser():
        parser.rargs[:0] = shlex.split(
            opts if value is None else opts.format(*map(shlex.quote, value)))

+    def _preset_alias_callback(option, opt_str, value, parser):
+        if not value:
+            return
+        if value not in _PRESET_ALIASES:
+            raise optparse.OptionValueError(f'Unknown preset alias: {value}')
+        parser.rargs[:0] = _PRESET_ALIASES[value]
+
    general = optparse.OptionGroup(parser, 'General Options')
    general.add_option(
        '-h', '--help', dest='print_help', action='store_true',
@@ -519,6 +551,15 @@ def create_parser():
            'Alias options can trigger more aliases; so be careful to avoid defining recursive options. '
            f'As a safety measure, each alias may be triggered a maximum of {_YoutubeDLOptionParser.ALIAS_TRIGGER_LIMIT} times. '
            'This option can be used multiple times'))
+    general.add_option(
+        '-t', '--preset-alias',
+        metavar='PRESET', dest='_', type='str',
+        action='callback', callback=_preset_alias_callback,
+        help=(
+            'Applies a predefined set of options. e.g. --preset-alias mp3. '
+            f'The following presets are available: {", ".join(_PRESET_ALIASES)}. '
+            'See the "Preset Aliases" section at the end for more info. '
+            'This option can be used multiple times'))

    network = optparse.OptionGroup(parser, 'Network Options')
    network.add_option(
--- a/yt_dlp/update.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/update.py
@@ -202,7 +202,7 @@ class UpdateInfo:
    requested_version: str | None = None
    commit: str | None = None

-    binary_name: str | None = _get_binary_name()  # noqa: RUF009: Always returns the same value
+    binary_name: str | None = _get_binary_name()  # noqa: RUF009 # Always returns the same value
    checksum: str | None = None


--- a/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/utils/_utils.py
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ from ..compat import (
 from ..dependencies import xattr
 from ..globals import IN_CLI

-__name__ = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]  # noqa: A001: Pretend to be the parent module
+__name__ = __name__.rsplit('.', 1)[0]  # noqa: A001 # Pretend to be the parent module


 class NO_DEFAULT:
@@ -2044,7 +2044,7 @@ def url_or_none(url):
    if not url or not isinstance(url, str):
        return None
    url = url.strip()
-    return url if re.match(r'(?:(?:https?|rt(?:m(?:pt?[es]?|fp)|sp[su]?)|mms|ftps?):)?//', url) else None
+    return url if re.match(r'(?:(?:https?|rt(?:m(?:pt?[es]?|fp)|sp[su]?)|mms|ftps?|wss?):)?//', url) else None


 def strftime_or_none(timestamp, date_format='%Y%m%d', default=None):
--- a/yt_dlp/version.py
+++ b/yt_dlp/version.py
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 # Autogenerated by devscripts/update-version.py

-__version__ = '2025.03.31'
+__version__ = '2025.04.30'

-RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = '5e457af57fae9645b1b8fa0ed689229c8fb9656b'
+RELEASE_GIT_HEAD = '505b400795af557bdcfd9d4fa7e9133b26ef431c'

 VARIANT = None

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ CHANNEL = 'stable'

 ORIGIN = 'yt-dlp/yt-dlp'

-_pkg_version = '2025.03.31'
+_pkg_version = '2025.04.30'
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
github-actions[bot]	b77e5a553a	Release 2025.04.30 Created by: bashonly :ci skip all	2025-04-30 23:24:48 +00:00
sepro	505b400795	[cleanup] Misc (#12844 ) Authored by: seproDev, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-04-30 23:01:25 +00:00
bashonly	74fc2ae12c	[ie/youtube] Do not strictly deprioritize `missing_pot` formats (#13061 ) Deprioritization was redundant; they're already hidden behind an extractor-arg Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-30 22:51:40 +00:00
InvalidUsernameException	7be14109a6	[ie/zdf] Fix extractors (#12779 ) Closes #12647 Authored by: InvalidUsernameException, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <88596187+bashonly@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-04-30 22:27:42 +00:00
bashonly	61c9a938b3	[ie/youtube] Cache signature timestamps (#13047 ) Closes #12825 Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-30 01:15:17 +00:00
bashonly	fd8394bc50	[ie/youtube] Improve warning for SABR-only/SSAP player responses (#13049 ) Ref: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12482 Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-30 01:13:35 +00:00
bashonly	22ac81a069	[ie/vimeo] Extract from mobile API (#13034 ) Closes #12974 Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-29 16:45:54 +00:00
doe1080	25cd7c1ecb	[ie/niconico] Fix login support (#13008 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-04-28 22:42:01 +00:00
bashonly	28f04e8a5e	[ie/reddit] Support `--ignore-no-formats-error` (#12993 ) Closes #12987 Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-28 22:31:34 +00:00
sepro	a3e91df30a	[ie/TV2DK] Fix extractor (#12945 ) Closes #10334 Authored by: seproDev, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <bashonly@protonmail.com>	2025-04-29 00:21:54 +02:00
bashonly	80736b9c90	[ie/bpb] Fix formats extraction (#13015 ) Closes #13011 Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-28 22:20:39 +00:00
Sergei Zharkov	1ae6bff564	[ie/twitch:clips] Fix uploader metadata extraction (#13022 ) Fix `61046c3161` Authored by: 1271	2025-04-28 22:19:14 +00:00
sepro	b37ff4de5b	[ie/linkedin:events] Add extractor (#12926 ) Authored by: seproDev, bashonly Co-authored-by: bashonly <bashonly@protonmail.com>	2025-04-28 22:58:30 +02:00
Simon Sawicki	3690e91265	[ci] Add file mode test to code check (#13036 ) Authored by: Grub4K	2025-04-28 21:21:06 +02:00
coletdjnz	8cb08028f5	[ie/youtube] Detect and warn when account cookies are rotated (#13014 ) Related: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8227 Authored by: coletdjnz	2025-04-27 12:16:34 +12:00
bashonly	1cf39ddf3d	[ie/twitter] Fix extraction when logged-in (#13024 ) Closes #13010 Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-26 22:39:29 +00:00
bashonly	c2d6659d10	[ie/youtube] Detect player JS variants for any locale (#13003 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-26 22:08:34 +00:00
coletdjnz	26feac3dd1	[ie/youtube] Add context to video request rate limit error (#12958 ) Related: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/11426 Authored by: coletdjnz	2025-04-25 16:11:07 +12:00
doe1080	70599e53b7	[ie/twitter:spaces] Improve metadata extraction (#12911 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-04-25 03:42:17 +00:00
doe1080	8d127b18f8	[fd/NiconicoDmc] Remove downloader (#12916 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-04-24 15:20:25 -05:00
doe1080	7d05aa99c6	[ie/niconico] Remove DMC formats support (#12916 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-04-24 15:20:25 -05:00
bashonly	36da6360e1	[ie/mlbtv] Fix device ID caching (#12980 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-24 19:18:22 +00:00
bashonly	e7e3b7a55c	[ie/dacast] Support tokenized URLs (#12979 ) Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-24 19:10:34 +00:00
D Trombett	dce8234624	[ie/RaiPlay] Fix DRM detection (#12971 ) Closes #12969 Authored by: DTrombett	2025-04-24 18:26:35 +00:00
sepro	2381881fe5	[ie/vk] Fix uploader extraction (#12985 ) Closes #12967 Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-23 14:31:20 +00:00
Sergey B (Troex Nevelin)	741fd809bc	[ie/GetCourseRu] Fix extractors (#12943 ) Closes #12941 Authored by: troex	2025-04-23 00:14:42 +00:00
bashonly	34a061a295	[ie/generic] Fix MPD extraction for `file://` URLs (#12978 ) Fix `5086d4aed6` Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-23 00:06:35 +00:00
bashonly	9032f98136	[ie/cda] Fix formats extraction (#12975 ) Closes #12962 Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-23 00:00:41 +00:00
bashonly	de271a06fd	[ie/twitcasting] Fix livestream extraction (#12977 ) Closes #12966 Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-22 23:54:41 +00:00
bashonly	d596824c2f	[ie/vimeo] Fix API extraction (#12976 ) Closes #12974 Authored by: bashonly	2025-04-22 23:47:38 +00:00
sepro	88eb1e7a9a	Add `--preset-alias` option (#12839 ) Authored by: seproDev, Grub4K Co-authored-by: Simon Sawicki <contact@grub4k.xyz>	2025-04-19 22:08:34 +02:00
sepro	f5a37ea40e	[ie/loco] Fix extractor (#12934 ) Closes #12930 Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-19 02:02:09 +02:00
Florentin Le Moal	f07ee91c71	[ie/rtve] Rework extractors (#10388 ) Closes #1346, Closes #5756 Authored by: meGAmeS1, seproDev Co-authored-by: sepro <sepro@sepr0.com>	2025-04-19 01:47:14 +02:00
fries1234	ed8ad1b4d6	[ie/tvw:tvchannels] Add extractor (#12721 ) Authored by: fries1234	2025-04-19 01:35:47 +02:00
Florentin Le Moal	839d643253	[ie/AtresPlayer] Rework extractor (#11424 ) Closes #996, Closes #1165 Authored by: meGAmeS1, seproDev Co-authored-by: sepro <sepro@sepr0.com>	2025-04-18 22:12:31 +02:00
香芋奶茶	f5736bb35b	[ie/AbemaTV] Fix thumbnail extraction (#12859 ) Closes #12858 Authored by: Kiritomo	2025-04-18 21:12:27 +02:00
sepro	9d26daa04a	[ie/panopto] Fix formats extraction (#12925 ) Closes #11042 Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-18 21:09:41 +02:00
sepro	73a26f9ee6	[ie/linkedin] Support feed URLs (#12927 ) Closes #6104 Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-18 21:08:13 +02:00
sepro	4e69a626cc	[ie/tvp:vod] Improve `_VALID_URL` (#12923 ) Closes #12917 Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-18 21:05:01 +02:00
pj47x	77aa15e98f	[ie/manyvids] Fix extractor (#10907 ) Closes #8268 Authored by: pj47x	2025-04-18 18:38:58 +00:00
Michał Walenciak	cb271d445b	[ie/CDAFolder] Extend `_VALID_URL` (#12919 ) Closes #12918 Authored by: Kicer86, fireattack Co-authored-by: fireattack <human.peng@gmail.com>	2025-04-18 18:32:38 +00:00
doe1080	ceab4d5ed6	[networking] Add PATCH request shortcut (#12884 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-04-18 11:46:19 +12:00
leeblackc	ed6c6d7eef	[ie/youtube] Add extractor arg to skip "initial_data" request (#12865 ) Closes https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12826 Authored by: leeblackc	2025-04-18 11:42:08 +12:00
coletdjnz	f484c51599	[ie/youtube] Add warning on video captcha challenge (#12939 ) Authored by: coletdjnz	2025-04-18 11:40:39 +12:00
coletdjnz	72ba487930	[ie/youtube:tab] Extract continuation from empty page (#12938 ) Fixes https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/12933 https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp/issues/8206 Authored by: coletdjnz	2025-04-18 11:34:30 +12:00
Subrat Lima	74e90dd9b8	[ie/LRTRadio] Add extractor (#12801 ) Closes #12745 Authored by: subrat-lima	2025-04-06 23:26:44 +00:00
Snack	1d45e30537	[ie/niconico:live] Fix extractor (#12809 ) Closes #12365 Authored by: Snack-X	2025-04-06 23:24:58 +00:00
Frank Aurich	3c1c75ecb8	[ie/kika] Add playlist extractor (#12832 ) Closes #3658 Authored by: 1100101	2025-04-06 21:04:24 +02:00
J.Luis	7faa18b83d	[ie/ivoox] Add extractor (#12768 ) Authored by: NeonMan, seproDev Co-authored-by: sepro <sepro@sepr0.com>	2025-04-06 20:48:07 +02:00
doe1080	a473e59233	[utils] `url_or_none`: Support WebSocket URLs (#12848 ) Authored by: doe1080	2025-04-06 20:46:08 +02:00
sepro	45f01de00e	[utils] `_yield_json_ld`: Make function less fatal (#12855 ) Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-06 20:31:00 +02:00
WouterGordts	db6d1f145a	[ie/mixcloud] Refactor extractor (#12830 ) Authored by: WouterGordts, seproDev Co-authored-by: sepro <sepro@sepr0.com>	2025-04-06 19:51:08 +02:00
sepro	a3f2b54c25	[ie/dzen.ru] Rework extractors (#12852 ) Closes #5523, Closes #10818, Closes #11385, Closes #11470 Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-06 17:41:48 +02:00
LN Liberda	91832111a1	[ie/TokFMPodcast] Fix formats extraction (#12842 ) Authored by: selfisekai	2025-04-06 17:05:43 +02:00
Ben Faerber	425017531f	[ie/parti] Add extractors (#12769 ) Closes #11434 Authored by: benfaerber	2025-04-05 22:09:53 +02:00
sepro	58d0c83457	[ie/rumble] Improve format extraction (#12838 ) Closes #12837 Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-05 20:29:57 +02:00
sepro	4ebf41309d	[ie/CrowdBunker] Make format extraction non-fatal (#12836 ) Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-05 19:49:51 +02:00
CasperMcFadden95	e1847535e2	[ie/RoyaLive] Add extractor (#12817 ) Authored by: CasperMcFadden95	2025-04-03 21:02:24 +02:00
sepro	5361a7c6e2	[ie/vk] Fix chapters extraction (#12821 ) Fix `05c8023a27` Authored by: seproDev	2025-04-03 19:55:36 +02:00